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Clinton Presidential Library
1200 President Clinton Avenue
Little Rock, AR 72201
Inventory for FOIA Request 2011-0282-F
Records on the Yemeni Civil War, 1994
Extent
25 folders, approximately 1,029 pages
Access
Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the
Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. Chapter 22, as amended) and the Freedom of Information
Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in
accordance with legal exemptions.
Copyright
Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of
their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the
United States (17 U.S.C. Chapter 1) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of
copyrighted material.
Provenance
Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library
and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of
the Presidential Records Act (PRA).
Processed by
Staff Archivist, 2015. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released.
Scope and Content
The materials in FOIA 2011-1029-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the
FOIA. Researchers should consult the archivist about related material.
The records processed in response to this FOIA request concern the civil war in Yemen in May through
July of 1994. Until 1990, Yemen had existed as two separate entities. The Yemen Arab Republic
(North Yemen) had become independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. South Yemen was a British
protectorate until 1967, when it withdrew and became the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. In
1970, South Yemen adopted Marxist policy. The subsequent emigration of thousands of Southern
Yemenis to North Yemen fomented underlying feelings of hostility between the two states. None the
less, North and South Yemen formally united into the Republic of Yemen on May 22, 1990.
Under unification, Ali Abdullah Saleh of North Yemen became the President and Ali Salem al Beidh of
South Yemen became Vice President. The government gradually unified the two Yemen’s political and
economic systems. Elections to form a unified government took place in 1993. However, in April of
that year, claiming Northern Yemeni violence against his Yemeni Socialist Party and marginalization of
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�the Southern Yemeni economy, Vice President al Beidh withdrew from the captial of Sanaa to the city
of Aden in South Yemen. Throughout the rest of 1993, negotiations between Northern and Southern
Yemeni leaders took place as political infighting crippled the Yemeni government. Though the two
sides signed an accord in Amman, Jordan on February 20, 1994, it was insufficient to prevent civil war.
Though war appeared inevitable after a tank skirmish near Amran on April 27, 1994, the civil war
officially began on May 4 when the Southern Yemeni airforce bombed Sanaa and the Northern airforce
attacked Aden. On May 21, South Yemen seceeded and formed the Democratic Republic of Yemen.
The fighting lasted through all of May and June. On June 1, the United Nations Security Council called
for a ceasefire and fact-finding mission in Resolution 924. Then, on June 28, Security Council
Resolution 931 considered the findings of the mission and reiterated the demand for a ceasefire.
However, the June 30 ceasefire only lasted a few hours and the war did not end until North Yemen
captured Aden on July 7, 1994.
Textual staff and office files processed in response to this FOIA request are located in the records of the
National Security Council. In the Global Issues and Multilateral Affairs directorate, Robert Orr’s files
include cables regarding UN Security Council Resolution 924, a draft of that resolution, and the
Secretary General’s report on the subesquent fact-finding mission. In addition to another copy of that
report, the files of the Near East and South Asian Affairs directorate’s Stephen Grummon contain press
materials, drafts and statements regarding both of the Security Council resolutions, and a translation of
the June 30 ceasefire document. Furthermore, Grummon’s records also include handwritten notes from
a meeting with interest groups in May 1994, as well as a joint letter from the American Muslim Council
and the National Association of Arab Americans.
Responsive electronic records are found among the NSC Cables and Emails. Released cables date from
January through December 1994 and consist of international press clippings and communications
regarding international aid for the Yemeni people. Released emails contain National Security Council
press guidance and the text of a May 17, 1994 speech that National Security Advisor Anthony Lake
gave to the Soref Symposium at the Washington Institute. In the speech, Lake mentioned the conflict in
Yemen as part of a larger context of stability and peace in the Middle East.
Additional textual records are located in the NSC Records Management System. These include a letter
from Human Rights Watch/Middle East to Yemeni leaders regarding civilian casualties, a letter from
Yemeni-American Adbul Samed Sharf of Link Corp urging the recognition of South Yemen, and
comments on a July 20, 1994 New York Times Op-Ed by David Killion regarding alleged Saudi
involvement.
The majority of the records related to this FOIA case are closed for national security reasons.
System of Arrangement
Records that are responsive to this FOIA request were found in these collection areas—
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files and Clinton Presidential Records:
NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management Systems.
Staff and Office files were maintained at the folder level by staff members within their individual offices
and document all levels of administration activity.
Staff and Office files are processed at the folder level, that is, individual documents are not selected and
removed from a folder for processing. While this method maintains folder integrity, it frequently results
in the incidental processing of documents that are not wholly responsive to the subject area.
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�The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to FOIA 2011-0282-F:
Box 1
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Global Issues and Multilateral Affairs
Orr, Robert
Yemen [OA/ID 915]
Near East and South Asian Affairs
Grummon, Stephen
Yemen Crisis, May 1994 [OA/ID 726]
Yemen [1] [OA/ID 726]
Yemen [2] [OA/ID 726]
Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System
NSC Cables
Jan 1993-Dec 1994 [OA/ID 505000]
[Civil War; Yemen*]
[01/11/1994 – 03/31/1994]
[04/01/1994 – 04/29/1994]
[05/02/1994 – 05/10/1994]
[05/11/1994 – 05/20/1994]
[05/21/1994 – 05/31/1994]
[06/01/1994 – 06/15/1994]
[06/16/1994 – 06/30/1994]
Box 2
[07/01/1994 – 07/30/1994]
[08/03/1994 – 08/29/1994]
[09/06/1994 – 11/22/1994]
[12/05/1994 – 12/29/1994]
NSC Email
A1 – Record (Jan 93 – Sept 94) [OA/ID 570000]
[Yemen*]
[05/05/1994 – 07/14/1994]
A1 – Non-Record (Apr 94 – Sept 94) [OA/ID 580000]
[Yemen*]
[07/11/1994]
MSMail – Record (Sept 94 – Sept 97) [OA/ID 590000]
[Yemen*]
[09/30/1994 – 11/16/1994]
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�Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued)
NSC Records Management System
[Yemen*]
9404212 [OA/ID 198]
9404488 [OA/ID 199]
9404815 [OA/ID 476]
9405523 [OA/ID 4012]
9405550 [OA/ID 478]
9405881 [OA/ID 478]
9407108 [OA/ID 212]
Last modified: 12/31/2015
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Finding Aids - Collection Descriptions & Inventories
Description
An account of the resource
Finding aids at the Clinton Presidential Library contain a detailed description of the collection including the total number of pages or photos and length of video and audio recordings. Finding aids also include background information of the collection’s topic and details on the record type (ex: email, memorandum, briefing book, Betacam video, audio cassette etc). <br /><br />Finding aids describe collections at the box and folder level, and include a folder title list and information about the arrangement of the collection. <br /><br /><strong>Please note the majority of collections have not yet been scanned nor made available online.</strong>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Yemeni Civil War - Collection Finding Aid
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2011-0282-F
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records regarding the Yemeni Civil War, which lasted from May 4, 1994 through July 7, 1994. It contains cables, emails, press materials, notes, and correspondence regarding the war, international cease-fire efforts, and humanitarian aid for the Yemeni people. The collection also includes records concerning United Nations Security Council involvement in the crisis, as well as a translation of the unsuccessful June 30, 1994 ceasefire document.
<strong>Please Note: No items in this collection have yet been scanned nor made available online. For access to the collection please visit the Clinton Library's research room.</strong>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Finding Aid