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001. fax
DOB (Partial) (I page)
04/19/1994
P6/b(6)
002. fax
DOB (Partial) (I page)
ca. 10/1993
P6/b(6)
003. fax
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
ca. 01/1993
P6/b(6)
004. fax
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
04/20/1994
P6/b(6)
005. paper
A Review of Recent Events in South Africa [partial] (1 page)
ca.
04/20/1994
P5
RESTRICTION
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Uox Number:
3106
FOLDER TITLE:
South Africa [ I ]
2011-0516-S
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RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f t h e Press S e c r e t a r y
For
Immediate Release
May 6, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
The P r e s i d e n t i s p l e a s e d t o announce t h e members o f t h e 44person o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n t o South A f r i c a t o r e p r e s e n t t h e
U n i t e d States a t t h e i n a u g u r a t i o n o f t h e new South A f r i c a n
P r e s i d e n t on May 10. The Vice P r e s i d e n t w i l l l e a d t h e d e l e g a t i o n
and w i l l be j o i n e d by Mrs. Gore, F i r s t Lady H i l l a r y Rodham
C l i n t o n , S e c r e t a r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e Mike Espy and S e c r e t a r y o f
Commerce Ron Brown.
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e d e l e g a t i o n w i l l i n c l u d e Members o f
Congress, government o f f i c i a l s and p r i v a t e c i t i z e n s .
The P r e s i d e n t p r a i s e d t h e d e l e g a t i o n as r e p r e s e n t i n g a
c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f Americans committed t o t h e s t r u g g l e t o overcome
a p a r t h e i d and b u i l d a n o n - r a c i a l democracy i n South A f r i c a . He
noted t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n has j u s t announced a t h r e e - y e a r
$600 m i l l i o n t r a d e , a i d and investment package f o r South A f r i c a
and s t r e s s e d t h a t America must draw on a l l i t s r e s o u r c e s -p u b l i c and p r i v a t e -- t o support South A f r i c a n s as t h e y make
t h e i r h i s t o r i c t r a n s i t i o n t o democracy.
A l i s t o f d e l e g a t i o n members i s a t t a c h e d .
# # #
�Presidential Delegation
to the
South African Inauguration
Vice President Gore. Head of Delegation
Mrs. Gore
The First Lady
Cabinet Members
Secretary Ron Brown
Secretary Mike Espy
State Department
George Moose
Richard Moose
White House Staff
Leon Fucrth
Alexis Herman
Thurgood Marshall. Jr.
Jack Quinn
Donald Steinberg
Maggie Williams
Members of Congress
Senator Paul Simon (D-IL)
Senator Carol Mosley-Braun (D-IL)
Rep. John Conyers (D-MI)
Rep. Ronald Dellums (D-CA)
Rep. Charles Rangel (D-NY)
Rep. Benjamin Gilman (R-NY).
Rep. Harold Ford (D-TN)
Rep. John Lewis (D-GA)
Rep. Kweisi Mfume (D-MD)
Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Rep. Elizabeth Furse (D-OR)
Other Members
Benjamin Chavis
David Dinkins
William Gray
Emest Green
Leon Higginbotham
Jesse Jackson
Bishop Fred James
Quincy Jones
Ann Jordan
Coretta Scott King
C. Payne Lucas
William Lucy
Colin Powell
Linda Johnson Rice
Mayor Kurt Schmoke
David Stem
Franklin Thomas
C. Delores Tucker
John Tyson
Governor Lowell Weicker
,
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May 5, 1994
FACT SHEET
Trade. Aid and Investment Package for South Africa
When President Clinton signed the bill in November 1993 lifting federal sanctions against
South Africa, he instructed federal departments and agencies to consider new initiatives to
assist South Africa once non-racial elections took place in that country. He stressed that
although the principal resources needed for South Africa would come from within South
Africa itself, international support was needed to help ensure that the new government had
the capacity to consolidate non-racial democracy and address the socio-economic legacies of
apartheid. He noted that a successful transition in South Africa would also provide
substantial new opportunities for American workers and businesses in bilateral trade and
investment.
Following last week's non-racial elections, President Clinton today announced a package to
promote trade, aid and investment with South Africa. The package will more than double
program levels in FY-94 to $206 million, drawing on the efforts of ten Federal departments
and agencies. For fiscal years 1994-96, the program level will reach about $600 million.
The package seeks to leverage resources from the private sectors in both the U.S. and South
Africa to meet the most urgent needs of South Africans for jobs, housing, health care, basic
education and black private sector development. The United States will also extend trade
preferences to South Africa under the Generalized System of Preferences, offer to negotiate
tax and investment agreements, and work on a multilateral basis to further enhance external
assistance to South Africa.
The United States will work to ensure that these programs are fully consistent with the
development priorities of a new Government of National Unity in South Africa.
- more -
�The President also announced that Vice President Al Gore will lead an official delegation to
the inauguration of Sguth Africa's new president, accompanied by Mrs. Gore, First Lady
Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of Agriculture Mike Espy and Secretary of Commerce
Ron Brown.
U.S. Agency for International Development: US AID will provide $136 million in FY-94
in grants and support for loan guarantees, which will mobilize atotalof $166 million in
public and private resources for South Africa. For FY-94/96, USAID programs will
generate a total of $528 million in resources for South Africa. While continuing to work
with the non-government community, USAID will work for the first time with the new South
African government in support of its development priorities. USAID will be prepared to
support a wide range of programs to promote black private sector development and create
jobs; develop models and leverage capital for development and infrastructure needs, health
care (especially AIDS/HIV), housing and basic education; and support for governance and
democracy programs.
Overseas Private Investment Corporation: OPIC signed its investment guarantee
agreement in late 1993, and will use $2 million in FY-94 as backing for guarantees of $35
million in new investment. In February 1994, OPIC President Ruth R. Harkin led a major
business investment mission to South Africa, at the conclusion of which she announced three
U.S.-South African ventures that could pump millions of dollars into the country's
disadvantaged community. OPIC has also allocated $50 million worth of insurance for new
U.S. investment in South Africa, and is prepared to increase this if additional good projects
are identified.
U.S. Trade Representative: The President will grant special trade preferences to South
Africa under the GSP, under which 4400 South African semi-finished and agricultural
products will be permitted to enter the U.S. duty-free. In 1993, South Africa exported to the
U.S. $262 million in goods which would have been eligible for duty-free treatment under
GSP. The USTR will examine the feasibility of extending South Africa's GSP designation to
its neighbors under a single GSP umbrella, which will contribute to the economic
development of the region.
The USTR will explore additional ways to assist South Africa to prepare for negotiation of a
Bilateral Investment Treaty to enhance the attractiveness of its investment environment.
- more -
�Eximbank: Eximbank will provide whatever the market will bear in export financing for
good projects in Soutb Africa. Over the last two years, this financing has reached about
$200 million. It can be expected to increase even more rapidly in the future.
Department of Commerce: Secretary Brown has designated South and Southern Africa as a
key emerging market, thus permitting a wide range of new trade promotion services. He has
assigned a Minister-Counselor Foreign Commercial Service officer to a new position in
Johannesburg to promote bilateral and regional trade ties. The Commerce Department will
also launch shortly a U.S.-South Africa Business Development Council that will promote
additional bilateral business ties.
U.S. Information Agency: USIA will increase its FY-94 budget for South Africa from $2.6
million by more than 30 percent to $3.4 million to promote international exchange, training,
governance and education programs with South Africa. Along with Representatives John
Lewis and Cynthia McKinney and Senator Paul Coverdell, USIA Director Joseph Duffey will
host the "Investing in People" conference in Atlanta on June 3 and 4 to promote new ties
between U.S. and South African institutions in education, business and other sectors. Vice
President Gore is expected to participate in this conference.
Trade and Development Agency: TDA will allocate $1 million in new FY-94 funds to
finance feasibility studies in South Africa for projects that would promote South African
development and create markets for U.S. exports. TDA will sponsor a visit to the U.S. by
public and private sector housing officials to identify relevant U.S. construction technologies
and potential housing construction joint venture partners.
Peace Corps: Peace Corps will look forward to providing volunteers to South Africa if
requested by the new South African government and safety/security for volunteers can be
ensured. Under these conditions, Peace Corps will work with the new government to
identify areas of volunteer expertise which would be most valuable to their country. Peace
Corps is prepared to provide assistance in skills such as small enterprise development,
education, teacher training and agriculture. Peace Corps is also prepared to assist South
Africans to develop their own domestic volunteer corps.
Department of Defense: Defense will offer a $100,000 training program in FY-94 for the
new South African defense force. In a new spirit of maritime cooperation, the United States
hopes the South African and U.S. navies will work together to plan reciprocal port visits to
each other's country.
-more-
�Department of Treasury: The President has established negotiation of a U.S.-South Africa
tax treaty as a top priority, which could be important as U.S. firms consider investments in
South Africa. The treaty would reduce the incidence of double taxation. Treasury has
already held preliminary discussions with the South African government and, as soon as the
new government is ready, will make every effort to expedite agreement.
Donor Coordination: The President is writing to the heads of government of the other G-7
countries urging them to enhance their assistance to South Africa during this crucial period.
The U.S. will seek to be helpful to the new government of South Africa in marshalling
international support for its development priorities. He expressed support for expansion of
the involvement in South Africa by international financial institutions, including the World
Bank, International Monetary Fund and African Development Bank, if the new South African
government makes such a request.
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press S e c r e t a r y
For Immediate Release
May 6, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
The P r e s i d e n t i s pleased t o announce the members o f t h e 44person o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n t o South A f r i c a t o r e p r e s e n t t h e
U n i t e d States a t t h e i n a u g u r a t i o n o f t h e new South A f r i c a n
P r e s i d e n t on May 10. The Vice P r e s i d e n t w i l l lead t h e d e l e g a t i o n
and w i l l be j o i n e d by Mrs. Gore, F i r s t Lady H i l l a r y Rodham
C l i n t o n , S e c r e t a r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e Mike Espy and Secretary o f
Commerce Ron Brown.
In a d d i t i o n , t h e d e l e g a t i o n w i l l i n c l u d e Members o f
Congress, government o f f i c i a l s and p r i v a t e c i t i z e n s .
The P r e s i d e n t p r a i s e d t h e d e l e g a t i o n as r e p r e s e n t i n g a
c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f Americans committed t o t h e s t r u g g l e t o overcome
a p a r t h e i d and b u i l d a n o n - r a c i a l democracy i n South A f r i c a . He
noted t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n has j u s t announced a t h r e e - y e a r
$600 m i l l i o n t r a d e , a i d and investment package f o r South A f r i c a
and s t r e s s e d t h a t America must draw on a l l i t s resources -p u b l i c and p r i v a t e - - t o support South A f r i c a n s as they make
t h e i r h i s t o r i c t r a n s i t i o n t o democracy.
A l i s t o f d e l e g a t i o n members i s a t t a c h e d .
##.
#•'
�Presidential Delegation
to the
South African Inauguration
Vice President Gore. Head of Delegation
Mrs. Gore
The First Lady
Cabinet Members
Secretary Ron Brown
Secretary Mike Espy
State Department
George Moose
Richard Moose
White House Staff'
Leon Fuerth
Alexis Herman
Thurgood Marshall, Jr.
Jack Quinn
Donald Steinberg
Maggie Williams
Members of Congress
Senator Paul Simon (D-IL)
Senator Carol Mosley-Braun (D-IL)
Rep. John Conyers (D-MI)
Rep. Ronald Dellums (D-CA)
Rep. Charles Rangel (D-NY)
Rep. Benjamin Gilman (R-NY)
Rep. Harold Ford (D-TN)
Rep. John Lewis (D-GA)
Rep. Kweisi Mfume (D-MD)
Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Rep. Elizabeth Furse (D-OR)
Other Members
Benjamin Chavis
David Dinkins
William Gray
Emest Green
Leon Higginbotham
Jesse Jackson
Bishop Fred James
Quincy Jones
Ann Jordan
Coretta Scott King
C. Payne Lucas
William Lucy
Colin Powell
Linda Johnson Rice
Mayor Kurt Schmoke
David Stem
Franklin Thomas
C. Delores Tucker
John Tyson
Governor Lowell Weicker
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
BACKGROUND BRIEFING
BY
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL
May
5,
1994
The Briefing Room
12:13
P.M.
EDT
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: . S t i l l , and always ON
BACKGROUND, wanted to do two things, b a s i c a l l y , today. The f i r s t was
to describe to you the phone c a l l s that the President made t h i s
morning to Nelson Mandela and to State President. F.W. de Klerk.
Then I wanted.to walk through with you the trade, aid, '
and investment package for South A f r i c a . And then we have my
cobriefer.who w i l l t a l k about the largest component of that package,
which i s the U.S. AID development and investment assistance for South
Africa.
The President spoke with Mandela and de Klerk separately
t h i s morning between about 9:15 a.m. and 9:45 a.m. from the Oval
Office. In h i s conversation with Mandela he congratulated him on the
ANC victory in l a s t week's elections. He said that the world had
been t h r i l l e d by the peaceful and the good-spirited election process.
He said that that bodes well for the success of the future government
of national unity.
The President praised Mr. Mandela for the s p i r i t of
reconciliation and cooperation that he's shown throughout the
process, and he said that the United States would be there to a s s i s t
South A f r i c a throughout the d i f f i c u l t t r a n s i t i o n to nonracial
democracy, after which he outlined the administration's trade, aid
and assistance package for South A f r i c a .
Mr. Mandela expressed h i s thanks for a l l that Americans
in general, and s p e c i f i c a l l y Mr. Clinton has done to support the
struggle to eliminate apartheid. In t h i s struggle, Mandela said, and
t h i s i s a quote, "Our victory i s your victory." He said that "the
future of South A f r i c a l i e s in close cooperation with the United
States," and, again, that's a quote; and he added that he looks
forward to receiving the American delegation to h i s inauguration,
which w i l l be led by the Vice President. They also talked about
H i l l a r y ' s participation in the delegation.
In h i s conversation with F.W. de Klerk, the President
said that de Klerk deserves tremendous credit for leading h i s
supporters through the d i f f i c u l t t r a n s i t i o n process. He praised the
wisdom and the courage that de Klerk has shown, and he noted that
t h i s has l a i d the groundwork for the national party to play two roles
in the post-apartheid period; one i s a cooperative participant in a
new government of national unity, but also as the loyal opposition.
Again, President de Klerk thanked the President for h i s
interest and involvement throughout the h i s t o r i c process of change in
South Africa, and he praised the President's d i r e c t support at key
points during the process of change. He also welcomed the
President's commitment to a s s i s t South A f r i c a in the future.
MORE
�- 2 -
In terms of the assistance that the United States w i l l
be providing to South Africa for trade investment as well as
development, you are a l l aware that the President l i f t e d sanctions on
South Africa l a s t November. And when he did, he instructed a l l
federal agencies to review t h e i r programs to see what more they could
do for South Africa in the period after the elections, which were set
even then for April 26th through 28th.
He said that the principal resources for South
Africans'development would have to come from within, but that we had
to play our role to ensure that that new government had the resources
i t needed to address the r i s i n g expectations — the expectations that
a new government would lead to jobs, housing, health care, education,
e l e c t r i c i t y , et cetera.
:
Over the course of the l a s t five months, the government
agencies have been doing that. There have been 10 principal agencies
involved i n t h i s process. And as you're aware, today the President
announced h i s intention to provide a t o t a l of $206 million worth of
assistance to South Africa during t h i s f i s c a l year, FY '94, again
using the efforts of these 10 federal departments and agencies.
For the F i s c a l Years 1994 through '96, the program level
of our assistance w i l l reach about $600 million. The package
includes both direct grants of assistance as well as leveraged
resources from the private sectors, both in the United States and in'
South Africa. And, in addition, there are a wide variety of other .
assistance measures which we are not including i n that basic $600
million figure. These include things l i k e providing trade
preferences for South Africa, which w i l l save substantial amounts of
money for South African exporters. We are committed to offering to
negotiate trade and investment agreements, working on a b i l a t e r a l
basis as well to enhance external assistance to South Africa i n other
ways.
I won't go into the d e t a i l again on the U.S. AID
assistance, but I would l i k e to go b r i e f l y through what the other
agencies are providing as well. The point that I want to stress here
very strongly i s that South Africa i s not a t r a d i t i o n a l developing
country. I t has had a tremendous infrastructure set for development.
I t has a large private sector, which has been hampered by the aspects
of-apartheid, as well as the sanctions that foreign countries have
placed on i t . But there i s a tremendous potential for growth in that
economy i n the very near term.
And our principal efforts are going to be designed at
encouraging the private sector within South Africa and providing
opportunities, as the President said, for American investment and
American trade.
I think you're aware that U.S. investment i n South
Africa i n the mid- 80s was about $3 b i l l i o n . And i t was focused in
about 360 U.S. companies. Because of sanctions and the slowdown of
the South African economy, that figure f e l l to about $1 b i l l i o n in
about 100 companies. Over the course of the l a s t year we've seen
some increase in that l e v e l s , but with some of the measures that
we're proposing here, we are anticipating an even greater increase.
1
In addition, South Africa i s a very important trading
partner of the United States. We have about $4 b i l l i o n of b i l a t e r a l
trade with South Africa. We have a surplus in our trade with the
country, and i t accounts for more than 50,000 American jobs. A i l of
these figures are based upon a period i n which sanctions were
remaining to be in place. And so with the l i f t i n g . o f those sanctions
a regrowth in the economy i n South Africa, we're looking for
important trade opportunities in the market as well.
MORE
�- 3 -
Just to go through the agencies who are participating in
t h i s process,, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation negotiated
i t s agreement with South Africa at the end of 1993. They have now
agreed to use $2 million in t h e i r budgetary authority, which w i l l
leverage, guarantee $35 million worth of -U.S. investment i n South
Africa. Most of that money w i l l go into j o i n t venture a c t i v i t i e s
with South African firms. And so i t i s very l i k e l y that we w i l l see
up to $200 million worth of new investment i n South Africa based on
OPIC's a c t i v i t i e s in the country.
You're aware that Ruth Harkin led a very successful
trade and investment mission to South Africa. In addition, OPIC has
agreed that they w i l l insure at least $50 million worth of American
investment in South Africa. And to "the extent that more investors
want to be insured, they have agreed that they w i l l up that level as
well.
The U.S. Trade Representative's office has responded to
the President's request to grant special trade preferences for South
Africa. And under the Generalized System of Preferences, 4,400
different types of semi-manufactures and agricultural goods w i l l be
exported from South Africa duty-free to the United States. That's
the best treatment you could possibly get for those products.
In our l a s t year, 1993, $262 million worth of these,
goods were exported to the United States. And so now they w i l l come
in duty-free. I t i s d i f f i c u l t to come up with the exact figure in
terms of savings for South Africa that t h i s would represent. The
average American duty on these types of goods tends to be r e l a t i v e l y
low, maybe 3 to 5 percent. But nonetheless, t h i s could provide $10
million to $15 million worth of savings for South African exporters.
This figure i s not included in the $600-million package, nor i s the
$50 million worth of OPIC insurance. We wanted to t r y to be as
conservative, in a sense, in defining the overall value of t h i s
package so that we didn't create expectations and we didn't, a year
from now, have to come back and explain why we hadn't achieved what
we were talking about.
In addition, USTR has agreed that they w i l l work with
the new South African government to negotiate a b i l a t e r a l investment
treaty, which w i l l define the rules for U.S. investors in South
Africa and vice-versa. The importance of t h i s i s that i s a very
reassuring thing for American investors to have when they look at .
going into any foreign country.
Ex-Im Bank has.agreed that they w i l l e s s e n t i a l l y do
whatever the market w i l l bear in South Africa; whatever good projects
they can find, t h e y ' l l finance. Over the course of the l a s t two
years, they've done about $200 million worth of projects i n South
Africa. We expect that to increase over the course of the next year.
Again, we did not put that figure in the overall $600-million
package. We could have. These are loan guarantees that provide real
resources to South Africa as well.
The Department of Commerce has designated South and
southern Africa as a key emerging market. And what that means i s
that there w i l l be a new range of trade promotion a c t i v i t i e s i n South
Africa. Ron Brown has also designated our South African foreign
commercial service as. h i s most important p r i o r i t y t h i s year by
assigning a new, full-time minister-counselor to our consulate in
Johannesburg to encourage trade and investment.
Commerce Department w i l l also shortly announce the
launching of a U.S.-South African Business Development Council to
further encourage b i l a t e r a l trade and investment. Just to go b r i e f l y
through the other agencies, USIA w i l l be increasing t h e i r exchange
programs for democratization, for education, for governance, training
et cetera. In addition, as the President and Vice President referred
MORE
�- 4 -
to, USIA will' be hosting, along with members of the Georgia
delegation to Congress, a major investment and education conference
in Atlanta June 3rd and 4th. We expect l i t e r a l l y hundreds of
American companies and education i n s t i t u t i o n s , NGOs to participate,
along with perhaps as many as 50 to 60 South African counterparts.
Vice President Gore w i l l participate in that conference.
One of the — actually, two of the more exciting
programs that we're going to be launching in South Africa, or
expanding, are the Trade and Development Agency and the Peace Corps.
The Trade and Development Agency i s one of those agencies that very
few people hear about., but i t does great work. I t promotes
f e a s i b i l i t y studies in developing countries for projects that have a
developmental impact in those countries, but also have the prospect
for yielding U.S. exports.
When I was in South Africa, we put together a project
which w i l l now produce the f i r s t p e n i c i l l i n plant i n a l l of Africa
under t h i s program. We financed the f e a s i b i l i t y study; OPIC then got
involved as did Ex-Im Bank in financing some of the shipments of.
goods, and we expect r e l a t i v e l y soon to have Africa produce i t s own
p e n i c i l l i n — high quality, low cost.
TDA has agreed, to do $1 million worth of f e a s i b i l i t y
studies i n South A f r i c a . Peace Corps i s prepared to begin,
conversations with a new South African government. I t w i l l be the
requirement for that new government to request Peace Corps'
involvement. But once they do, the Peace Corps has agreed that they
w i l l be off the mark very quickly into South A f r i c a . What they're
looking at primarily i s getting involved i n small enterprise
development, education, teacher training, agriculture. And, again, a
very exciting program for a l o t of us i s that they are going to
a s s i s t South Africa to develop i t s own volunteer programs within the
country. I should s t r e s s that there are safety questions regarding
volunteers, and that w i l l obviously affect the entry in terms of
personal security.
The Defense Department i s about to offer to South Africa
$100,000 worth of training for the new South African defense force.'
In addition, they are hoping to i n v i t e South African naval vessels to
v i s i t American ports for the f i r s t time.
The Department of Treasury has established the
negotiation of a tax treaty with South Africa as i t s top p r i o r i t y .
What t h i s would do would be to eliminate the p o s s i b i l i t y of double
taxation, where an American company would be taxed on i t s p r o f i t s in
South A f r i c a and then again on the same p r o f i t s i n the United States.
And as soon as the South African government i s ready, we w i l l begin
to i n t e n s i f y those negotiations.
And l a s t but not least, in fact perhaps most important
of a l l , the President i s trying to engage the heads of the other G-7
countries, as well other donors, to (enhance t h e i r involvement in
South A f r i c a . He has written to the leaders of the other G-7
countries outlining the expanded assistance we intend to provide;
urging them to expand t h e i r assistance. He i s prepared to discuss
with the South African government the p o s s i b i l i t y of other more
aggressive means of marshalling international support for a new South
African government. And as you heard him say specif-ically today, he
has asked the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the
African Development Bank, once South African becomes a member i f they
can also increase t h e i r programs in South A f r i c a .
And so what I want to get across here i s t h i s i s a wideranging approach involving 10 American agencies.
I t i s focused on
not only assistance to South Africa, but promotion of trade and
investment. Our use of a single figure to put a dollar figure on i t
was what we believe to be a conservative estimate of the real
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resources that w i l l flow to South Africa under these types of
programs over the next three years.
And I j u s t wanted to. conclude by saying the President i s
f u l l y committed to South African development, to seeing South Africa
play a f u l l role i n the international economic environment, as well
as the international p o l i t i c a l f i e l d .
Before questions, why don't we have the other senior
administration o f f i c i a l talk, and then we'll take.some questions.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Thank you again. I ' l l
keep my comments brief, but what I would l i k e to do i s to give you
j u s t a l i t t l e b i t of d e t a i l of the economic assistance component of
the package, which i s a very large part of what we're going to be
doing i n South Africa over the next three years.
And there are b a s i c a l l y three major components of what
we w i l l be doing in South Africa. We'll be focusing on private
sector development, supporting private enterprise i n i t i a t i v e s of the
disadvantaged majority in South Africa, focusing on job creation and
infrastructure development. This i s going to comprise about $268
million of U.S. economic assistance resources. We w i l l focus on
housing investment guarantees, infrastructure improvements, such as
township e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n , a credit and training program for small
black-owned and operated businesses, and training for the
marginalized youth — p r i n c i p a l l y in the townships and i n and around
the major c i t i e s of South Africa.
We w i l l also be prpviding about $126.4 m i l l i o n in
assistance to support democratic and p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . We've
been engaged for some time i n supporting the t r a n s i t i o n process in
South Africa. We want to continue to provide support for the
consolidation of the h i s t o r i c change that has taken place there,
providing resources to support the consolidation and transformation
of national, regional and local governments.
Of course, t h i s w i l l also include technical assistance
and training for government workers and the new leadership of the new
South African government. We also w i l l continue to provide
considerable assistance to the very large nongovernmental
organization community which comprises a good part of c i v i l society
in South Africa.
We expect, over the three years, to invest about $133
million in education and health a c t i v i t i e s i n South Africa. In the
area of education, we w i l l engage more i n basic and primary
education, helping the new government focus on policy reform and the
development of p o l i c i e s that w i l l lead to a more equitable
distribution of the services and help enhance access to education
within the country.
We w i l l also engage in health sector a c t i v i t i e s , with a
very heavy focus on child survival a c t i v i t i e s as well as expanded
programs i n HIV-AIDS.
.
.
The key features of the expanded economic assistance
program include designing and providing these resources as quickly
and e f f i c i e n t l y as possible. As you a l l know, there are tremendous
expectations of the disadvantaged majority that are associated with
t h i s important t r a n s i t i o n to democracy, and we are committed to
a s s i s t i n g the new government to respond to.these expectations as
quickly as possible.
We also intend to provide our assistance i n such a way
that, we can, to the maximum extent possible, leverage additional
resources both domestically and from foreign sources.
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And, f i n a l l y , we are going to be providing t h i s
assistance i n a way to build to the maximum degree possible on our
past involvement in South Africa, which has t r a d i t i o n a l l y been
through the nongovernmental organization community, but with t h i s
democratic transition, for the f i r s t time the U.S. government w i l l
work d i r e c t l y with the government of South Africa. So our assistance
resources w i l l be channeled through the nongovernmental community as
well as the new i n s t i t u t i o n s of the new South African government.
Q
Out of the $600 million package, you mentioned
several things that were not included. What, i n addition to the $528
million from AID, what are the other pieces that make up the $600
million?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The $35 million of
investment guarantees that OPIC w i l l finance. That's based on $2
million worth of backing. But OPIC i s responsible for that entire
$35 million. So that i s one of the key elements.
We also have the TDA program, which i s $1 million. The
USIA program i s going to be $3.5 million. A l l of these figures are
in the handout that was provided.
Q
There's a military training component, I guess. I s
there any expectation, or has there been any t a l k s that the South
African m i l i t a r y should help out in Rwanda? I s i t i n thanks for our
providing a l l t h i s aid?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: There's no quid pro quo
for the aid that we're talking about here. This i s aid in American
interest as well to promote b i l a t e r a l trade and investment
p o s s i b i l i t i e s , as well as development. I t also has a very important
regional role.
South Africa, for the time being, i s working on i t s own
integration of i t s defense forces. As the period of the elections
came about, there were some very heavy requirements for internal
security. I would suspect that there w i l l be a dropoff in those
requirements. And there i s a very strong p o s s i b i l i t y over the course
of the next years that South Africa w i l l become involved to a much
greater extent in peacekeeping-type operations.
Q
Two questions on the f i r s t - y e a r funding.
The
President said F i s c a l '94 funding would go from what's now set at $83
million to $143 million. And you and the fact sheet say t h i s year
would be $2 06 million. Was he wrong or —
. .
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, he was referring to
U.S.-AID a c t i v i t i e s and that's an accurate figure.
Let me say that the $83 million was
at the beginning of the year for FY '94. During
year, because of i n part the election assistance
that assistance went up during the course of the
r a i s i n g i t even higher.
what was identified
the course of the
that he referred to,
year. And now we're
And so, again, I think you have to focus on what i s the
AID component, which i s primarily development assistance as opposed
to the overall trade, aid and investment package.
Q
A second question on that. Where does t h i s money
come from? Does i t add to the d e f i c i t , or i s i t offset i n other —
are you taking away from some other account or what?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: What b a s i c a l l y we've
done i s identify AID resources that were unutilized, in part because
we've closed down other missions; in part because there are
recoveries and deobligations from previous years. So, to the extent
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that i t ' s possible, t h i s i s a r e l a t i v e l y painless exercise for FY
'94. I t does not in any way add to the budget d e f i c i t .
In upcoming years we w i l l have to rely on those avenues
for financing to the extent possible, but we'll have to look at other
sources. I can pretty much guarantee you that t h i s w i l l not add to
the d e f i c i t even in the out years.
Q
I s i t correct you w i l l have to cap the aid to other
countries, including African countries in the next two years?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Not necessarily. We're
going to be looking at means of trying to work through deobligated
funds, looking at means of trying to work through deobligated funds,
to work through cost-saving mechanisms, et cetera. But I can
guarantee you for the f i r s t - y e a r , t h i s a l l comes from those
resources.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I would only add that
in the out years, as my colleague indicated, we expect to also be
able to rely on the recoveries. There may be a need to make some
minor adjustments, but there w i l l not be adjustments that w i l l add to
the budget d e f i c i t or adversely affect our ongoing programs in other
parts of A f r i c a .
Q
Can I follow up on that? Either one of you, could
you be a l i t t l e more s p e c i f i c about which programs are losing out
t h i s year? i mean, I take i t what you're saying i s there are
countries that didn't spend what they could have spent —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, that's actually not
accurate. We had for other reasons decided to close several missions
in A f r i c a . And we w i l l be reporting s p e c i f i c a l l y to Congress what,
those missions are.
Q
Can you t e l l us?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
At t h i s point I'd
rather not.
How many are there?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Sometime ago, Brian
Atwood, the Administrator of the Agency for International
Development, indicated the agency's decision to. close 21 missions.
This information can be provided to you; i t ' s a matter of the record.
Nine of those missions are i n Africa., We can c e r t a i n l y make those
available to you.
In terms of your f i r s t question, the savings that
are being used are coming from recoveries from resources that had
been once available for other programs, as well as recoveries that
w i l l come from some of those nine missions that we're closing. They
include: Cameroon, Zaire, Togo,. Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, et cetera,
et cetera.
I think we have a l i s t here, or we can provide i t to
you.
Q
Does that mean that those countries are then j u s t
not going to receive AID services at a l l , or what's the — what does
that mean?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Well, what that means
i s that AID, in an effort to streamline, to do a much more effective
job in achieving our mission, we have b a s i c a l l y decided that we need
to reduce the number of places we're working i n .
We've also decided that in certain circumstances where
the relationship i s not good and where the partnership i s not good,
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that i s , where the country i s not performing either for p o l i t i c a l or
economic reasons, that we have decided that we're not going to
continue to engage those countries that are not making the best
effort that they can to help themselves. And this' i s b a s i c a l l y why
we've decided to —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Can I make one point,
and that i s that these decisions were taken sometime ago. I t had
nothing to do with-South Africa. The resources are available because
of those decisions that were taken by the Administrator a while ago.
Q
You mentioned that the Defense Department
assistance was worth $100,000?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
A hundred thousand
dollars.
What exactly —
w i l l i t consist of training?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I t ' s a l l training.
i s the IMET program under which we provide training to military
o f f i c e r s from that country i n the United States.
It
And we w i l l also offer to send out Americans to work
with the South African Defense Force. Again, we have offered that to
South Africa, and we assume that they w i l l accept i t .
Q
How far are you ready to go — I mean, that sector
i f there i s an interest on the part o'f South Africa for more U.S.
m i l i t a r y aid? Can you give us some estimate?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: This, at t h i s point, i s
what we're anticipating. We have no plans for additional assistance.
Q
On the waiver of the GSP t a r i f f s , can you give us
two or three of the lead products that would^ be benefitting from —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: They're a l l
semimanufactured goods — toys, sunglasses, simple manufactures, as
well as a g r i c u l t u r a l goods.
Q
What's the revenue loss on that?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I t depends for any
p a r t i c u l a r country what mix of goods they're exporting to the United
States. The general t a r i f f i s somewhere between two, three, four,
f i v e percent for those goods. And, so, again, for South Africa who
exported $262 million worth of those goods i n 1993, one can estimate,
depending on what the mix was, anywhere from $8 million to $10
m i l l i o n to $12 million worth of revenue-saving for South African
exporters.
- Q
A l l these products w i l l come duty-free?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
Absolutely —
4,400
products.
Q
How does t h i s compare overall to the aid that the
U.S. has provided to other countries? I'm thinking — you know,
Russia was having some of t h i s —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Actually, I worked out
t h i s figure l a s t night. Our assistance per capita to South Africa i s
greater than our assistance to the Newly Independent States for the
upcoming year.
Q
What's the number?
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SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I understand i n our
budget the NIS has a $900-million budget. But I would point out
they've got s i x to seven times the population of South Africa.
MR. MITCHELL:
Two more questions.
Q
How did you come up with the new figure, and were
you under any pressure from the Black Caucus, for example, to come up
with even more money and didn't have i t ? Can you t a l k about that?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No. The President
received a l e t t e r from a number of members of Congress, including a
number of Black Caucus members, who b a s i c a l l y asked for a l e v e l of
assistance almost exactly at what we're providing i n terms of the
direct assistance. And, again, we are not counting a l l of the Ex-Im
Bank a c t i v i t i e s , the OPIC investment insurance, the trade
preferences, et cetera.
This was a b i t of a happy coincidence; I r e a l l y stress
that. Although we have, of course, been working very closely with
the Black * Caucus as well as the African appropriators and authorizers
in Congress, as well as a number of outside groups.
The beauty of the South African program i n the past has
been that i t has gone exclusively to nongovernmental organizations.
And we have done a tremendous job within South Africa of creating a
c i v i l society, creating an alternative to the apartheid-based
government. We are not going to be abandoned i n that. And because
of that, we w i l l continue to work with the PVOs and the NGOs.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION O F F I C I A L :
At the q u e s t i o n of
whether or not there was something from the Caucus, I j u s t add that
the administration has been working internally for months on trying
to put t h i s package together for South Africa.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Can I mention one
program that I think we are — I am p a r t i c u l a r l y proud that AID has
been able to put together? And that i s the Tertiary Education
Linkages Program. And t h i s , I think, t y p i f i e s i n a l o t of ways what
AID i s doing. Over the course of the next 10 years, South Africa
w i l l benefit from $50 million worth of aid under t h i s program.
And what i t does i s , i t l i n k s American u n i v e r s i t i e s ,
with an emphasis on h i s t o r i c a l l y black colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s ,
with South African u n i v e r s i t i e s — primarily the h i s t o r i c a l l y black
u n i v e r s i t i e s there. I t provides a l i t t l e b i t of seed money to get
those relationships going. And then, e s s e n t i a l l y over the course of
the next five to 10 years, the colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s themselves
w i l l engage i n exchange programs for professors, students going back
and forth, educational training programs, e t c . I t i s a good way,
again, to leverage private sector money — i n t h i s case academic
money and assistance — building linkages between the two s o c i e t i e s .
Q
Are there any plans to have a donor-style
conference, as they did for Russia and for. the Gaza Strip and
Jericho? And j u s t as part of that question, has there been a World
Bank survey of what needs to be done i n South Africa the way there
was for Gaza and Jericho and for Russia?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The World Bank has been
in South Africa for about a year and a half now doing those types of
surveys. They've gone through sort of sector by sector — the
education sector, the e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n sector, the housing sector.
They w i l l be, as t h i s process moves ahead, working on the resource
implications of those questions.
In terms of a donors' conference or a collaborative
group, the President has indicated that he would take the lead from
the South Africans on that.
�- 10 -
To the extent that Mr. Mandela, Mr. de Klerk and the
other partners in the Government of National Unities request the
United States participation, cooperation, co-hosting of such a
conference, we would be delighted to do that. And we've indicated
that, i n fact, to the South African leaders on a number of occasions.
Let me s t r e s s that t h i s would not be a t r a d i t i o n a l
donors' conference where people walk to the table and put checks on
the table, because South Africa i s not a t r a d i t i o n a l country. We
w i l l c e r t a i n l y have that aspect to i t i f that's what the South
African government requests. But at the same time, we w i l l be
talking about what we can a l l do to promote business t i e s , to promote
investment, to promote trade. I t ' s an exciting new opportunity for a
lot of us.
Thank you.
Q
Did you say H i l l a r y i s going with the
—
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
Yes. Just to review
that, in terms of the o f f i c i a l participants.on the mission that the
Vice President w i l l take, Mrs. Gore, H i l l a r y , Mike Espy — Secretary
Espy, and Secretary Ron Brown w i l l be the o f f i c i a l participants. We
are j u s t putting the f i n a l touches on the private sector
participants, and I hope we'll have that l i s t available sometime
later.
Q
Members of the vote delegation —
be part of the o f f i c i a l delegation?
Mr. Jackson?
are they going to
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Some of them are ~ Mr.
Jackson c e r t a i n l y w i l l . I should also say that I think i t ' s 10 to 12
members of Congress w i l l also participate in that delegation.
THE PRESS:
Thank you.
END
12:51
P.M.
EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
BACKGROUND BRIEFING
BY
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL
May
5,
1994
The Briefing Room
12:13
P.M.
EDT
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: S t i l l , and always ON
BACKGROUND, wanted to do two things, b a s i c a l l y , today. The f i r s t was
to describe to you the phone c a l l s that the President made t h i s
morning to Nelson Mandela and to State President F.W. de Klerk.
Then I wanted to walk through with you the trade, aid,
and investment package for South A f r i c a . And then we have my
cobriefer who w i l l t a l k about the largest component of that package,
which i s the U.S. AID development and investment assistance for South
Africa.
The President spoke with Mandela and de Klerk separately
t h i s morning between about 9:15 a.m. and 9:45 a.m. from the Oval
Office. In h i s conversation with Mandela he congratulated him on the
ANC victory i n l a s t week's elections. He said that the world had
been t h r i l l e d by the peaceful and the good-spirited election process.
He said that that bodes well for the success of the future government
of national unity.
The President praised Mr. Mandela for the s p i r i t of
reconciliation and cooperation that he's shown throughout the
process, and he said that the United States would be there to a s s i s t
South A f r i c a throughout the d i f f i c u l t t r a n s i t i o n to nonracial
democracy, after which he outlined the administration's trade, aid
and assistance package for South A f r i c a .
Mr. Mandela expressed h i s thanks for a l l that Americans
in general, and s p e c i f i c a l l y Mr. Clinton has done to support the
struggle to eliminate apartheid. In t h i s struggle, Mandela said, and
t h i s i s a quote, "Our victory i s your victory." He said that "the
future of South A f r i c a l i e s in close cooperation with the United
States," and, again, that's a quote; and he added that he looks
forward to receiving the American delegation to h i s inauguration,
which w i l l be led by the Vice President. They also talked about
H i l l a r y ' s p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the delegation.
In h i s conversation with F.W. de Klerk, the President
said that de Klerk deserves tremendous credit for leading h i s
supporters through the d i f f i c u l t t r a n s i t i o n process. He praised the
wisdom and the courage that de Klerk has shown, and he noted that
t h i s has l a i d the groundwork for the national party to play two roles
in the post-apartheid period; one i s a cooperative participant i n a
new government of national unity, but also as the loyal opposition.
Again, President de Klerk thanked the President for h i s
interest and involvement throughout the h i s t o r i c process of change in
South A f r i c a , and he praised the President's d i r e c t support at key
points during the process of change. He also welcomed the
President's'commitment to a s s i s t South A f r i c a in the future.
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In terms of the assistance that the United States w i l l
be providing to South Africa for trade investment as well as
development, you are a l l aware that the President l i f t e d sanctions on
South Africa l a s t November. And when he did, he instructed a l l
federal agencies to review t h e i r programs to see what more they could
do for South Africa in the period after the elections, which were set
even then for April 26th through 28th.
He said that the principal resources for South
Africans development would have to come from within, but that we had
to play our role to ensure that that new government had the resources
i t needed to address the r i s i n g expectations — the expectations that
a new government would lead to jobs, housing, health care, education,,
e l e c t r i c i t y , et. cetera.
1
Over the course of the l a s t five months,' the government
agencies have been doing that. There have been 10 principal agencies
involved in t h i s process. And as you're aware, today the President
announced h i s intention to provide a t o t a l of $206 million worth of
assistance to South Africa during t h i s f i s c a l year, FY '94, again
using the efforts of these 10 federal departments and agencies.
For the F i s c a l Years 1994 through '96, the program level
of our assistance w i l l reach about $600 million. The package
includes both direct grants of assistance as well as leveraged
resources from the private sectors, both in the United States'and in
South A f r i c a . And, i n addition, there are a wide variety of other
assistance measures which we are not including i n that basic $600
million figure. These include things l i k e providing trade
preferences for South Africa, which w i l l save substantial amounts of
money for South African exporters. We are committed to offering to .
negotiate trade and investment agreements, working on a b i l a t e r a l
basis as well to enhance external assistance to South Africa in other
ways.
ID
I won't go into the detail:again on the U.S.
A
assistance, but I would l i k e to go b r i e f l y through what the other
agencies are providing as well. The point that I want to stress here
very strongly i s that South Africa i s not a t r a d i t i o n a l developing
country. I t has had a tremendous infrastructure set for development.
I t has a large private sector, which has been hampered by the aspects
of apartheid, as well as the sanctions that foreign countries have
placed on i t . But there i s a tremendous potential for growth i n that
economy i n the very near term.
And our principal efforts are going to be designed at
encouraging the private sector within South Africa and providing
opportunities, as the President said, for American investment and
American trade.
I think you're aware that U.S. investment i n South
A f r i c a i n the mid-'80s was about $3 b i l l i o n . And i t was focused in
about 360 U.S. companies. Because of sanctions and the slowdown of
the South African economy, that figure f e l l to about $1 b i l l i o n in
about 100 companies. Over the course of the l a s t year we've seen
some increase in that l e v e l s , but with some of the measures that
we're proposing here, we are anticipating an even greater increase.
In addition, South Africa i s a very important trading
partner of the United States. We have about $4 b i l l i o n of b i l a t e r a l
trade with South Africa. We have a surplus i n our trade with the
country, and i t accounts for more than 50,000 American jobs. A l l of
these figures are based upon a period i n which sanctions were
remaining to be in place. And so with the l i f t i n g of those sanctions
a regrowth in the economy i n South Africa, we're looking for
important trade opportunities in the market as well.
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Just to go through the agencies who are participating in
t h i s process, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation negotiated
i t s agreement with South Africa at the end of 1993. They have now
agreed to use $2 million in t h e i r budgetary authority, which w i l l
leverage, guarantee $35 million worth of_ U.S. investment i n South
Africa. Most of that money w i l l go into j o i n t venture a c t i v i t i e s
with South African firms. And so i t i s very l i k e l y that we w i l l see
up to $200 million worth of new investment i n South Africa based on .
OPIC's a c t i v i t i e s in the country.
You're aware that•Ruth Harkin led a very successful
trade and investment mission to South A f r i c a . In addition, OPIC has
agreed that they w i l l insure at least $50 million worth of American
investment in South Africa. And to the extent that more investors
want to be insured, they have agreed that they w i l l up that level as
well.
The U.S. Trade Representative's office has responded to
the President's request to grant special trade preferences for South
Africa. And under the Generalized System of Preferences, 4,400
different types of semi-manufactures and a g r i c u l t u r a l goods w i l l be
exported from South Africa duty-free to the United States. That's
the best treatment you could possibly get for those products.
In our l a s t year, 1993, $262 million worth of these
goods were exported to the United States. . And so now they w i l l come
in duty-free. I t i s d i f f i c u l t to come up with the exact figure in
terms of savings for South Africa that t h i s would represent. The
average American duty on these types of goods tends to be r e l a t i v e l y
low, maybe 3 to 5 percent. But nonetheless, t h i s could provide $10
million to $15 million worth of savings for South African exporters.
This figure i s not included in the $600-million package, nor i s the
$50 million worth of OPIC insurance. We wanted to t r y to be as
conservative, in a sense, in defining the overall value of t h i s
package so that we didn't create expectations and we didn't, a year
from now, have to come back and explain why we hadn't achieved what
we were talking about.
In addition, USTR has agreed that they w i l l work with
the new South African government to negotiate a b i l a t e r a l investment
treaty, which w i l l define the rules for U.S. investors in South
Africa and vice-versa. The importance of t h i s i s that i s a very
reassuring thing for American investors to have when they look at
going into any foreign country.
Ex-Im Bank has agreed that they w i l l e s s e n t i a l l y do
whatever the market w i l l bear in South A f r i c a ; whatever good projects
they can find, t h e y ' l l finance. Over the course of the l a s t two
years, they've done about $200 million worth of projects in South
Africa. We expect that to increase over the course of the next year.
Again, we did not put that figure in the overall $600-million
package. We could have. These are loan guarantees that provide real
resources to South Africa as well.
The Department of Commerce has designated South and
southern Africa as a key emerging market. And what that means i s
that there w i l l be a new range of trade promotion a c t i v i t i e s in South
Africa. Ron Brown has also designated our South African foreign
commercial service as h i s most important p r i o r i t y t h i s year by
assigning a new, full-time minister-counselor to our consulate in
Johannesburg to encourage trade and investment.
Commerce Department w i l l also shortly announce the
launching of a U.S.-South African Business Development Council to
further encourage b i l a t e r a l trade and investment. Just to go b r i e f l y
through the other agencies, USIA w i l i be increasing t h e i r exchange
programs for democratization, for education, for governance, training
et cetera, i n addition, as the President and Vice President referred
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to, USIA w i l l be hosting, along with members of the Georgia
delegation to Congress, a major investment and education conference
in Atlanta June 3rd and 4th. We expect l i t e r a l l y hundreds of
American companies and education i n s t i t u t i o n s , NGOs to participate,
along with perhaps as many as 50 to 60 South African counterparts.
Vice President Gore w i l l participate i n that conference.
One of the — actually, two of the more exciting
programs that we're going to.be launching i n South Africa, or
expanding, are the Trade and Development Agency and the Peace Corps.
The Trade and Development Agency i s one of those agencies that very
few people hear about, but i t does great work. I t promotes
f e a s i b i l i t y studies i n developing countries for projects that have a
developmental impact i n those countries, but also have the prospect
for yielding U.S. exports.
When I was i n South Africa, we put together a project
which w i l l now produce the f i r s t p e n i c i l l i n plant i n a l l of Africa
under t h i s program. We financed the f e a s i b i l i t y study; OPIC then got
involved as did Ex-Im Bank i n financing some of the shipments of
goods, and we expect r e l a t i v e l y soon to have Africa produce i t s oyn
p e n i c i l l i n — high quality, low cost.
TDA has agreed to do $1 million worth of f e a s i b i l i t y
studies i n South Africa. Peace Corps i s prepared to begin
conversations with a new South African government. I t w i l l be the
requirement for that new government to request Peace Corps'
involvement. But once they do, the Peace Corps has agreed that they
w i l l be off the mark very quickly into South Africa. What they're
looking at primarily i s getting involved i n small enterprise
development, education, teacher training, agriculture. And, again, a
very exciting program for a l o t of us i s that they are going to
a s s i s t South Africa to develop i t s own volunteer programs within the
country. I should stress that there are safety questions regarding
volunteers, and that w i l l obviously affect the entry i n terms of
personal security.
The Defense Department i s about to offer to South Africa
$100,000 worth of training for the new South African defense force.
In addition, they are hoping to invite South African naval vessels to
v i s i t American ports for the f i r s t time.
The Department of Treasury has established the
negotiation of a tax treaty with South Africa as i t s top p r i o r i t y .
What t h i s would do would be to eliminate the p o s s i b i l i t y of double
taxation, where an American company would be taxed on i t s p r o f i t s in
South Africa and then again on the same p r o f i t s i n the United States.
And as. soon as the South African government i s ready, we w i l l begin
to intensify those negotiations.
And l a s t but not least, i n fact perhaps most important
of a l l , the President i s trying to engage the heads of the other G-7
countries, as well other donors, to enhance t h e i r involvement .in
South A f r i c a . He has written to the leaders of the other G-7
countries outlining the expanded assistance we intend to provide;
urging them to expand t h e i r assistance. He i s prepared to discuss
with the SouttuAfrican government the p o s s i b i l i t y of other more
aggressive means of marshalling international support for a new South
African government. And as you"heard him say s p e c i f i c a l l y today, he
has asked the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the
African Development Bank, once South African becomes a member i f they
can also increase t h e i r programs i n South Africa.
And so what I want to get across here i s t h i s i s a wideranging approach involving 10 American agencies. I t i s focused on
not only assistance to South Africa, but promotion of trade and
investment. Our use of a single figure to put a dollar figure on i t
was what we believe to be a conservative estimate of the r e a l
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resources that w i l l flow to South Africa under these types of
programs over the next three years.
And I j u s t wanted to conclude by saying the President i s
f u l l y committed to South African development, to seeing South Africa
play a f u l l role i n the international economic environment, as well
as the international p o l i t i c a l f i e l d .
^
Before questions, why don't we have the other senior
administration o f f i c i a l talk, and then we'll take some questions.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Thank you again. I ' l l
keep my comments brief, but what I would l i k e to do i s to give you
j u s t a l i t t l e b i t of d e t a i l of the economic assistance component of
the package, which i s a very large part of what we're going to be
doing i n South Africa over the next three years.
And there are b a s i c a l l y three major components of what
we w i l l be doing i n South Africa. We'll be focusing on private
sector development, supporting private enterprise i n i t i a t i v e s of the
disadvantaged majority i n South Africa, focusing on job creation and
infrastructure development. This i s going to comprise about $268
million of U.S. economic.assistance resources. We w i l l focus on
housing investment guarantees, infrastructure improvements, such as
township e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n , a credit and training program for small
black-owned and operated businesses, and training for the
marginalized youth — p r i n c i p a l l y i n the townships and i n and around
the major c i t i e s of South Africa.
We w i l l also be providing about $126.4 m i l l i o n i n
assistance to support democratic and p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . We've
been engaged for some time i n supporting the t r a n s i t i o n process i n
South Africa. We want to continue to provide support for the
consolidation of the h i s t o r i c change that has taken place there,
providing resources to support the consolidation and transformation
of national, regional and local governments.
Of course, t h i s w i l l also include technical assistance
and training for government workers and the new leadership of the new
South African government. We also w i l l continue to provide
considerable assistance to the very large nongovernmental
organization community which comprises a good part of c i v i l society
in South Africa.
We expect, over the three years, to invest about $133
million i n education and health a c t i v i t i e s i n South A f r i c a . I n the
area of education, we w i l l engage more i n basic and primary
education, helping the new government focus on policy reform and the
development of p o l i c i e s that w i l l lead to a more equitable
distribution of the services and help enhance access to education
within the country.
We w i l l also engage i n health sector a c t i v i t i e s , with a
very heavy focus on child survival a c t i v i t i e s as well as expanded
programs i n HIV-AIDS.
The key features of the expanded economic assistance
program include designing and providing these resources as quickly
and e f f i c i e n t l y as possible. As you a l l know, there are tremendous
expectations of the disadvantaged majority that are associated with
t h i s important t r a n s i t i o n to democracy, and we are committed to
a s s i s t i n g the new government to respond to these expectations as
quickly as possible.
We also intend to provide our assistance i n such a way
that we can, to the maximum extent possible, leverage additional
resources both domestically and, from foreign sources.
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And, f i n a l l y , we are going to be providing t h i s
assistance in a way to build to the maximum degree possible on our
past involvement i n South Africa, which.has t r a d i t i o n a l l y been
through the nongovernmental organization community, but with t h i s
democratic transition, for the f i r s t time the U.S. government w i l l .
work d i r e c t l y with the government of South Africa. So our assistance
resources w i l l be channeled through the nongovernmental community as
well as the new institutions of the new South African government.
Q
Out of the $600 million package, you mentioned
several things that were not included. What, in addition to the $528
million from AID, what are the other pieces that make up the $600
million?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION O F F I C I A L :
The
$35 m i l l i o n
of
investment guarantees that OPIC w i l l finance. That's based on $2
million worth of backing. But OPIC I s responsible for that entire
$35 million. So that i s one of the key elements.
We also have the TDA program, which i s $1 million. The
USIA program i s going to be $3.5 million^ A l l of these figures are
in the handout that was provided.
Q
There's a military training component, I guess. I s
there any expectation, or has there been'any talks that the South
African m i l i t a r y should help out in Rwanda? I s i t i n thanks for our
providing a l l t h i s aid?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: There's no quid pro quo
for the aid that we're talking about here. This i s aid in American
i n t e r e s t as well to promote b i l a t e r a l trade and investment
p o s s i b i l i t i e s , as well as development. I t also has a very important
regional role.
South Africa, for the time being, i s working on i t s own
integration of i t s defense forces. As the period of the elections
came about, there were some very heavy requirements for internal
security. I would suspect that there w i l l be a dropoff i n those
requirements. And there i s a very strong p o s s i b i l i t y over the course
of the next years that South Africa w i l l become involved to a much
greater extent in peacekeeping-type operations.
Q
Two questions on the f i r s t - y e a r funding.
The
President said F i s c a l '94 funding would go from what's now set at $83
million to $143 million. And you and the fact sheet say t h i s year
would be $206 million. Was he wrong or —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No, he was referring to
U.S.-AID a c t i v i t i e s and that's an accurate figure.
Let me say that the $83 million was
at the beginning of the year for FY '94. During
year, because of in part the election assistance
that assistance went up during the coursie of the
r a i s i n g i t even higher.
what was identified
the course of the
that he referred to,
year. And now we're
And so, again, I think you have to focus on what i s the
AID component, which i s primarily development assistance as opposed
to the overall trade, aid and investment package.
Q
A second question on that. Where does t h i s money
come from? Does i t add to the d e f i c i t , or i s i t offset in other —
are you taking away from some other account or what?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: What b a s i c a l l y we've
done i s identify AID resources that were unutilized, in part because
we've closed down other missions; in part because there are
recoveries and deobligations from previous years. So, to the extent
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that i t ' s possible, t h i s i s a r e l a t i v e l y painless exercise for FY
'94. I t does not i n any way add to the budget d e f i c i t .
x
In upcoming years we w i l l have to rely on those avenues
for financing to the extent possible, but we'll have to look at other
sources. I can pretty much guarantee you that t h i s w i l l not add to
the d e f i c i t even i n the out years.
Q
I s i t correct you w i l l have to cap the aid to other
countries, including African countries i n the next two years?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Not necessarily. We're
going to be looking at means of trying to work through deobligated
funds, looking at means of trying to work through deobligated funds,
to work through cost-saving mechanisms, et cetera. But I can
guarantee you for the f i r s t year, t h i s a l l comes from those
resources.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I would only add that
in the out years, as my colleague indicated, we expect to also be
able to rely on the recoveries. There may be a need to make some
minor adjustments, but there w i l l not be adjustments that w i l l add to.
the budget d e f i c i t or adversely affect our ongoing programs in other
parts of A f r i c a .
Q
Can I follow up on that? Either one of you, could
you be a l i t t l e more s p e c i f i c about which programs are losing out
t h i s year? I mean, I take i t what you're saying i s there are
countries that didn't spend what they, could have spent —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:. No, that's actually not
accurate. We had for other reasons decided to close several missions
in A f r i c a . And we w i l l be reporting s p e c i f i c a l l y to Congress what
those missions are.
Q
rather not.
Can you t e l l us?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
At t h i s point I'd
Q
How many are,there?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Sometime ago, Brian
Atwood,. the Administrator of the Agency for International
Development, indicated the agency's decision to close 21 missions.
This information can be provided to you; i t ' s a matter of the record.
Nine of those missions are in Africa. We can c e r t a i n l y make those
available to you.
In terms of your f i r s t question, the savings that
are being used are coming from recoveries from resources that had
been once available for other programs, as well as recoveries that
w i l l come from some of those nine missions that we're closing. They
include: Cameroon, Zaire, Togo, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, et cetera,
et cetera.
I think we have a l i s t here, or we can provide i t to
you.
Q
Does that mean that those countries are then j u s t
not going to receive AID services at a l l , or what's the — what does
that mean?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Well, what that means
i s that AID,' i n an effort to streamline, to do a much more effective
job i n achieving our mission, we have b a s i c a l l y decided that we need
to reduce the number of places we're working i n .
We've also decided that in certain circumstances where
the relationship i s not good and where the partnership i s not good,
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that i s , where the country i s not performing either for p o l i t i c a l or
economic reasons, that we have decided that we're not going to
continue to engage those countries that are not making the best
effort that they can to help themselves. And t h i s i s b a s i c a l l y why
we've decided to —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Can I make one point,
and that i s that these decisions were taken sometime ago. I t had
nothing to do with South Africa. The resources are available because
of those decisions that were taken by the Administrator a while ago.
Q
You mentioned that the Defense Department
assistance was worth $100,000?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:- A hundred thousand
dollars..
What exactly
w i l l i t consist of training?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I t ' s a l l training.
i s the IMET program under which we provide training to military
o f f i c e r s from that country i n the United States.
It
'
And we w i l l also offer to send out Americans to work
with the South African Defense Force., Again, we have offered that to
South Africa, and we assume that they w i l l accept i t .
Q
How far are you ready to go — I mean, that sector
i f there i s an interest on the part of South Africa for more U.S.
m i l i t a r y aid? Can you give us some estimate?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: This, at t h i s point, i s
what we're anticipating. We have no plans for additional assistance.
Q
On the waiver of the GSP t a r i f f s , can you give us
two or three of the lead products that would be benefitting from —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: They're a l l
semimanufactured goods — toys, sunglasses, simple manufactures, as
well as a g r i c u l t u r a l goods.
Q
What's the revenue loss on that?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I t depends for any
p a r t i c u l a r country what mix of goods they're exporting to the United
States. The general t a r i f f i s somewhere between two, three, four,
f i v e percent for those goods. And, so, again, for South Africa who
exported $262 million worth of those goods i n 1993, one can estimate,
depending on what the mix was, anywhere from $8 million to $10
m i l l i o n to $12 million worth of revenue-saving for South African
exporters.
Q
A l l these products w i l l come duty-free?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL:
Absolutely —
4,400
products.
Q
How does t h i s compare overall to the aid that the
U.S. has-provided to other countries? I'm thinking --you know,
Russia was having some of t h i s —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Actually, I worked out
t h i s figure l a s t night. Our assistance per capita to South Africa i s
greater than our assistance to the Newly Independent States for the
upcoming year.
What's the number?
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SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: I understand i n our
budget the NIS has a $900-inillion budget. But I would point out
they've got s i x to seven times the population of South A f r i c a .
MR. MITCHELL:
Two more questions.
Q
How did you come up with the new figure, and were
you under any pressure from the Black Caucus, for example, to come up
with even more money and didn't have i t ? Can you t a l k about that?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: No. The President
received a l e t t e r from a number of members of Congress, including a
number of Black Caucus members, who b a s i c a l l y asked for a level of
assistance almost exactly at what we're providing i n terms of the
direct assistance. And, again, we are not counting a l l of the Ex-Im
Bank a c t i v i t i e s , the OPIC investment insurance, the trade
preferences, et cetera.
This was a b i t of a happy coincidence; I r e a l l y stress
that. Although we have, of course, been working very closely with
the Black Caucus as well as the African appropriators and authorizers
in Congress, as well as a number of outside groups.
The beauty of the South African program i n the past has
been that i t has gone exclusively to nongovernmental organizations.
And we have done a tremendous job within South Africa of creating a
c i v i l society, creating an alternative to the apartheid-based
government. We are not going to be abandoned i n that. And because
of that, we w i l l continue to work with the PVOs and the NGOs.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION O F F I C I A L :
At t h e question of
whether or not there was something from the Caucus, I j u s t add that
the administration has been working internally for months on trying
to put t h i s package together for South Africa.
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Can I mention one
program that I think we are — I am p a r t i c u l a r l y proud that AID has
been able to put together? And that i s the Tertiary Education
Linkages Program. And t h i s , I think, t y p i f i e s i n a l o t of ways what
AID i s doing. Over the course of the next 10 years, South Africa
w i l l benefit from $50 million worth of aid under t h i s program.
And what i t does i s , i t l i n k s American u n i v e r s i t i e s ,
with an emphasis on h i s t o r i c a l l y black colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s ,
with South African u n i v e r s i t i e s — primarily the. h i s t o r i c a l l y black
u n i v e r s i t i e s there. I t provides a l i t t l e b i t of seed money to get
those relationships going. And then, e s s e n t i a l l y over the course of ,
the next five to 10 years, the colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s themselves
w i l l engage i n exchange programs for professors, students going back
and forth, educational training programs, e t c . I t i s ^ good way,
again, to leverage private sector money — i n t h i s case academic
money and assistance — building linkages between the two s o c i e t i e s .
Q
Are there any plans to have a donor-style
conference, as they did for Russia and for the Gaza S t r i p and
Jericho? And j u s t as part of that question, has there been a World
Bank survey of what needs to be done i n South Africa the way there
was for Gaza and Jericho and for Russia?
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: The World Bank has been
in South Africa for about a year and a half now doing those types of
surveys. They've gone through sort of sector by sector — the
education sector, the e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n sector, the housing sector.
They w i l l be, as t h i s process moves ahead, working on the resource
implications of those questions.
In terms of a donors' conference or a collaborative
group, the President has indicated that he would take the lead from
the South Africans on that.
�- 10 -
To the extent that Mr. Mandela, Mr. de Klerk and the
other partners in the Government of National Unities request the
United states participation, cooperation, co-hosting of such a
conference, we would be delighted to do that. And we've indicated
that, in fact, to the South African leaders on a number of occasions.
Let me s t r e s s that t h i s would not be a t r a d i t i o n a l
donors' conference where people walk to the table and put checks on
the table, because South Africa i s not a t r a d i t i o n a l country. We
w i l l c e r t a i n l y have that aspect to i t i f that's what the South
African government requests. But at the same time, we w i l l be
talking about what we can a l l do to promote business t i e s , to promote
investment, to promote trade. I t ' s an exciting,new opportunity.for a
lot of us.
Thank you.
Q
Did you say H i l l a r y i s going with the. —
SENIOR ADMINISTRATION O F F I C I A L :
Yes.
J u s t to
review
that, i n terms of the o f f i c i a l participants ori the mission that the
Vice President w i l l take, Mrs. Gore, H i l l a r y , Mike Espy — Secretary
Espy, and Secretary Ron Brown w i l l be the o f f i c i a l participants. We
are j u s t putting the f i n a l touches on the private sector
participants, and I hope we'll have that, l i s t available sometime
later.
Q
Members of the vote delegation —
be part of the o f f i c i a l delegation? Mr. Jackson?
are they going to
' SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: Some of them are — Mr.
Jackson c e r t a i n l y w i l l . I should also say that I think i t ' s 10 to 12
members of Congress w i l l also participate in that delegation.
. THE PRESS:
Thank you.
END
12:51
P.M.
EDT
�3453
THE
WHITE H O U S E
WASHINGTON
May 4 , 1994
ANNOUNCEMENT OF TRADE, AID AND INVESTMENT
PACKAGE FOR SOUTH AFRICA
DATE: May 5, 1994
LOCATION: South Lawn Tent
TIME: 11:00-11:30 a.m.
FROM:
I.
ANTHONY L A * ^ ^
ALEXIS HERMAN
PURPOSE
This event w i l l draw t o g e t h e r people who have been a c t i v e i n
t h e s t r u g g l e t o end a p a r t h e i d i n South A f r i c a t o c e l e b r a t e
t h e r e c e n t e l e c t i o n s and t h e p r o s p e c t s o f n o n r a c i a l
government. We propose you announce a comprehensive t r a d e ,
a i d and i n v e s t m e n t package f o r South A f r i c a ; acknowledge t h e
d e l e g a t i o n , l e d by t h e Vice P r e s i d e n t , t o t h e May 10
P r e s i d e n t i a l i n a u g u r a t i o n o f Nelson Mandela; and i n v i t e
Mandela t o v i s i t t h e White House.
II.
BACKGROUND
South A f r i c a ' s f i r s t n o n r a c i a l e l e c t i o n s l a s t week and t h e
May 10 P r e s i d e n t i a l i n a u g u r a t i o n o f Nelson Mandela a r e
h i s t o r i c developments t h a t have touched t h e w o r l d .
The f i r s t p o s t - a p a r t h e i d government w i l l be under tremendous
pressure t o address t h e h i g h e x p e c t a t i o n s o f t h e South
A f r i c a n people f o r good j o b s , new houses, q u a l i t y e d u c a t i o n
and o t h e r s o c i a l needs. To a s s i s t t h i s government, we w i l l
i n c r e a s e our a i d f o r FY-94 from $96 m i l l i o n t o $143 m i l l i o n .
When some o f these funds are l e v e r a g e d t h r o u g h guarantees
and l o a n s , t h e program l e v e l o f our a s s i s t a n c e reaches more
than $200 m i l l i o n .
We a r e a l s o l a u n c h i n g o r enhancing many
o t h e r programs, i n c l u d i n g s p e c i a l t r a d e p r e f e r e n c e s ,
investment i n s u r a n c e , Peace Corps, e x p o r t f i n a n c i n g ,
m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g and s u p p o r t f o r democracy and governance.
Nelson Mandela w i l l be e l e c t e d P r e s i d e n t by t h e new South
A f r i c a n P a r l i a m e n t on May 9 and i n a u g u r a t e d t h e n e x t day.
We have i d e n t i f i e d a group o f 40 p u b l i c and p r i v a t e c i t i z e n s
t o r e p r e s e n t you, l e d by t h e Vice P r e s i d e n t and i n c l u d i n g
t h e F i r s t Lady, Mrs. Gore, Mike Espy and Ron Brown.
III.
PARTICIPANTS
A t o t a l o f about 200 g u e s t s , i n c l u d i n g members o f t h e
Observers M i s s i o n t o t h e South A f r i c a n e l e c t i o n s , headed by
Reverend Jackson; members o f t h e d e l e g a t i o n t o t h e May 10
�i n a u g u r a t i o n o f Nelson Mandela; l e a d i n g a n t i - a p a r t h e i d
a c t i v i s t s , l a b o r and business l e a d e r s , s e n i o r A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
o f f i c i a l s , i n c l u d i n g A g r i c u l t u r e S e c r e t a r y Mike Espy Peace
Corps D i r e c t o r C a r o l Bellamy, USAID A d m i n i s t r a t o r B r i a n
Atwood, OPIC P r e s i d e n t Ruth H a r k i n and Eximbank P r e s i d e n t
Kenneth Brody. Members o f Congress w i l l n o t be i n v i t e d
because o f t h e a s s a u l t weapon v o t e t h e same morning.
IV.
PRESS PLAN
F u l l media coverage.
V.
SEQUENCE
10:45 am - The P r e s i d e n t , Vice P r e s i d e n t , Mrs. C l i n t o n
and Mrs. Gore meet i n t h e D i p l o m a t i c Reception Room f o r
briefing.
11:00 am - The P r e s i d e n t , Vice P r e s i d e n t , Mrs. C l i n t o n
and Mrs. Gore a r e announced i n t o t e n t and proceed on
stage.
The P r e s i d e n t make remarks and i n t r o d u c e s t h e Vice
President.
The Vice P r e s i d e n t make remarks. F o l l o w i n g remarks,
t h e Vice P r e s i d e n t asks South A f r i c a Ambassador Harry
Schwarz and ANC R e p r e s e n t a t i v e K i n g s l e y Makhubela on
stage t o p r e s e n t t h e new South A f r i c a n f l a g t o t h e
President.
Program ends.
Attachment
Tab A
Remarks
Exit
stage.
�A
�REMARKS OF PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON
A f t e r t h e South A f r i c a n E l e c t i o n s
May 5, 1994
I t i s my g r e a t p l e a s u r e t o welcome you here t o t h e White House
today. We have come t o g e t h e r t h i s morning t o c e l e b r a t e an
i n c r e d i b l e v i c t o r y f o r a l l t h e people o f South A f r i c a .
Last week, we watched w i t h wonder as t h e c i t i z e n s o f South A f r i c a
went t o t h e p o l l s .
Black v o t e r s l i n e d up f o r m i l e s ; t h e y came on
c r u t c h e s and i n w h e e l c h a i r s ; they crossed t h e c o u n t r y s i d e . And
when they g o t t o t h e p o l l i n g s t a t i o n s , t h e y knew t h e y were n o t
j u s t c a s t i n g b a l l o t s ; t h e y were c r e a t i n g a new n a t i o n , conceived
i n l i b e r t y and empowered by t h e i r redemptive s u f f e r i n g .
Today, I want t o c o n g r a t u l a t e P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Mandela and
o u t g o i n g P r e s i d e n t DeKlerk. T h e i r courage and statesmanship,
a l o n g w i t h t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f Chief B u t h e l e z i and o t h e r s , made
t h i s t r a n s i t i o n smoother than many t h o u g h t was p o s s i b l e .
South A f r i c a i s f r e e today because o f t h e choices i t s l e a d e r s and
people made. T h e i r a c t i o n s have been an i n s p i r a t i o n .
We can
a l s o be proud o f America's r o l e i n t h i s g r e a t drama -- because
those o f you here today, and so many o t h e r s , helped t o keep
freedom's flame l i t d u r i n g t h e dark n i g h t o f a p a r t h e i d .
Congress enacted s a n c t i o n s t o h e l p squeeze l e g i t i m a c y from t h e
a p a r t h e i d regime. Students marched i n s o l i d a r i t y w i t h t h e b l a c k s
of t h e townships.
S t o c k h o l d e r s h e l d t h e i r companies t o h i g h e r
e t h i c a l standards i n South A f r i c a . America's churches -- b o t h
b l a c k and w h i t e -- t o o k up t h e mantle o f moral l e a d e r s h i p . And
throughout the f i g h t against apartheid, black c i v i l r i g h t s
l e a d e r s here helped l e a d t h e way. They spoke a s i m p l e t r u t h :
South A f r i c a ' s freedom i s an American cause.
L a s t week's m i r a c l e came t o pass i n p a r t because o f o u r h e l p .
Now we must n o t t u r n our backs. For South A f r i c a faces t h e g r e a t
t a s k o f b u i l d i n g a t o l e r a n t democracy and a market economy t h a t
a l l o w s a l l i t s c i t i z e n s t o reach t h e i r f u l l p o t e n t i a l .
This i s a c r i t i c a l t e s t f o r South A f r i c a ' s peacemakers: t h e
c h a l l e n g e f o r them i s t o b u i l d on t h e b r e a k t h r o u g h , t o show t h a t
r e c o n c i l i a t i o n and democracy can b r i n g t a n g i b l e b e n e f i t s -b e t t e r j o b s , b e t t e r s c h o o l s , s a f e r communities.
I f South A f r i c a ' s b o l d endeavor can improve t h e l i v e s o f t h e
m i l l i o n s o f b l a c k c i t i z e n s who have s u f f e r e d f o r so l o n g , t h e n
t h e economic and p o l i t i c a l consequences w i l l be p r o f o u n d f o r t h e
region.
Indeed, South A f r i c a can become a model f o r t h e e n t i r e
c o n t i n e n t . And so my message t o South A f r i c a i s s i m p l e : we want
t o be a f u l l p a r t n e r t o t h e new government so i t can d e l i v e r on
t h e promise o f renewal as q u i c k l y as p o s s i b l e .
We have a l r e a d y begun. Over t h e l a s t year, t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
sent e x p e r t s t o h e l p South A f r i c a n e g o t i a t e a new c o n s t i t u t i o n .
We p r o v i d e d a s s i s t a n c e t o help t h e i r e l e c t i o n s work. We l i f t e d
s a n c t i o n s . We sent two t r a d e and i n v e s t m e n t m i s s i o n s t o l a y t h e
groundwork f o r g r e a t e r economic c o o p e r a t i o n .
�Today, I am announcing a s u b s t a n t i a l i n c r e a s e i n our e f f o r t s t o
promote t r a d e , a i d and investment i n South A f r i c a . Over t h e next
t h r e e y e a r s , we w i l l p r o v i d e and l e v e r a g e about $600 m i l l i o n i n
funds t o South A f r i c a . For t h i s f i s c a l year, we have i n c r e a s e d
a s s i s t a n c e from $83 m i l l i o n t o $143 m i l l i o n .
Along w i t h
guarantees and o t h e r means, t h e r e s o u r c e s we m o b i l i z e f o r the
n e x t f i s c a l year w i l l exceed $200 m i l l i o n .
Through t h e programs of t e n U.S. government agencies, we w i l l
work w i t h South A f r i c a n s t o h e l p meet t h e needs t h e y i d e n t i f y :
t o b u i l d homes and h o s p i t a l s , t o p r o v i d e b e t t e r e d u c a t i o n , t o
promote good governance and economic development.
I am w r i t i n g t o the l e a d e r s of t h e o t h e r G-7 c o u n t r i e s a s k i n g
them t o j o i n the U n i t e d States i n expanding a s s i s t a n c e t o South
A f r i c a . And we urge i n t e r n a t i o n a l f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s such as
t h e World Bank t o do t h e same.
Next week, I am a l s o sending an o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n t o South
A f r i c a f o r P r e s i d e n t Mandela's i n a u g u r a t i o n . V i c e P r e s i d e n t Gore
w i l l l e a d t h a t t r i p , and he w i l l be j o i n e d by S e c r e t a r y Brown,
S e c r e t a r y Espy, my w i f e H i l l a r y and o t h e r s . Today I a l s o extend
an i n v i t a t i o n f o r Mr. Mandela t o come t o t h e White House.
We are t a k i n g these a c t i o n s because we have i m p o r t a n t i n t e r e s t s
a t stake i n the success o f South A f r i c a ' s j o u r n e y . We have an
economic i n t e r e s t i n a t h r i v i n g South A f r i c a t h a t w i l l seek our
e x p o r t s and generate g r e a t e r p r o s p e r i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e r e g i o n .
We a l s o have a s e c u r i t y i n t e r e s t i n a s t a b l e , d e m o c r a t i c South
A f r i c a , w o r k i n g w i t h i t s neighbors t o r e s t o r e and p r e s e r v e peace.
And, of course, America has a c l e a r m o r a l i n t e r e s t a t s t a k e .
We
have had our own d i f f i c u l t s t r u g g l e s over r a c i a l d i v i s i o n , and we
s t i l l g r a p p l e w i t h t h e c h a l l e n g e s o f drawing s t r e n g t h from
diversity.
That i s why the p o w e r f u l images of South A f r i c a ' s
e l e c t i o n s resonated so c l e a r l y i n our own i m a g i n a t i o n .
Whether i n South A f r i c a or i n America, we know t h e r e i s no f i n i s h
l i n e t o democracy's work. Developing h a b i t s of t o l e r a n c e and
r e s p e c t , c r e a t i n g o p p o r t u n i t y f o r e v e r y c i t i z e n -- these e f f o r t s
a r e never c o m p l e t e l y done. But l e t us savor t h e f a c t t h a t South
A f r i c a now has the chance t o b e g i n t h a t noble and v i t a l work.
T h i r t y - t h r e e years ago, A l b e r t L u t h u l i [luh-TOO-lee] became t h e
f i r s t of f o u r South A f r i c a n s t o w i n t h e Nobel Peace P r i z e . As he
accepted t h e award, he d e s c r i b e d h i s people as " l i v i n g t e s t i m o n y
t o t h e unconquerable s p i r i t o f mankind. Down t h e y e a r s , " he
s a i d , "they have sought t h e g o a l o f f u l l e r l i f e and l i b e r t y ,
s t r i v i n g w i t h i n c r e d i b l e d e t e r m i n a t i o n and f o r t i t u d e . "
Today, t h a t f o r t i t u d e and t h e b i t t e r s t r i v i n g s o f g e n e r a t i o n s
have begun t o bear sweet f r u i t .
So l e t us pledge t o h e l p South
A f r i c a remain a l a n d of l i b e r t y .
T o g e t h e r , l e t us h e l p a l l South
A f r i c a n s b u i l d upon t h e i r new-found freedom. Thank you.
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May
5,
1994
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AND THE VICE PRESIDENT
AT SOUTH AFRICAN EVENT
The South Lawn
11:20 A.M.
EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Ladies and
gentlemen, welcome to a l l of you. Last week we watched with wonder
as the c i t i z e n s of South Africa went to the p o l l s , as voters lined up
for miles and miles, coming on crutches and i n wheelchairs, waiting
patiently, crossing the countryside to exercise t h e i r franchise, to
create a new nation conceived in l i b e r t y and empowered by t h e i r
redemptive suffering.
I have j u s t spoken with President-Elect Mandela and with
President de Klerk. I congratulated Mr. Mandela on h i s victory and
told President de Klerk that he c l e a r l y deserves tremendous credit
for h i s leadership. Their courage, t h e i r statesmanship,, along with
the leadership of Chief Buthelezi and others, has made t h i s
t r a n s i t i o n smoother than many thought possible.
South Africa i s free today because of the choices i t s
leaders and people made. Their actions have been an inspiration. We
can also be proud of America's role in t h i s great drama. Because
those of you here today and many others have helped to keep freedom's
flame l i t during.the dark night of apartheid, Congress enacted
sanctions to help squeeze legitimacy from the apartheid regime.
Students marched in s o l i d a r i t y . Stockholders held t h e i r companies to
higher e t h i c a l standards. America's churches, both black and white,
took up the mantle of moral leadership. And throughout the fight,
American c i v i l rights leaders here helped to lead the way.
Throughout, South Africa's cause has been also an
American cause. Last week's miracle came to pass i n part because of
America's help. And now we must not turn our backs.
Let me begin by saying that we a l l know South Africa
faces a task of building a tolerant democracy and a successful market
economy; and that enabling, the c i t i z e n s of South Africa to reach
t h e i r potential, economically, i s c r i t i c a l to preserving the tolerant
democracy. To show that reconciliation and democracy can bring
tangible benefits, others w i l l have to help. I'm convinced South
Africa can become a model for the entire continent. And America must
be a new and f u l l partner with that new government,, so that i t can
deliver on i t s promise as quickly as possible.
We've already begun. Over,the past year, the United
States sent experts to South Africa to negotiate a new constitution
— or to help them negotiate the new constitution. We provided
considerable assistance to help t h e i r elections work. We l i f t e d
sanctions. We sent two trade and investment missions to lay the
groundwork for greater economic cooperation. And we had a very fine
American delegation of election observers there during the recent
elections. And I'd l i k e to especially thank the leader of that
delegation, Reverend Jesse Jackson, for h i s outstanding contributions
to the success of the South African elections. (Applause.) Thank
you, s i r .
MORE •
�- 2-
Today I am announcing a substantial increase i n our
efforts to promote trade, aid and investment i n South Africa. Over
the next three years we w i l l provide and leverage about $600 million
in funds to South Africa. For t h i s f i s c a l year we have increased
assistance from $83 million to $143 million. Along with guarantees
and other means, our resources, which w i l l be mobilized for next
year, w i l l exceed $200 million.
Through the programs of 10 U.S. government agencies, we
w i l l work with South Africans to help meet the needs which they
identify — to build homes and hospitals, to provide better
education, to promote good governance and economic development.
I'm writing to the leaders of the other G-7 countries
and asking them to j o i n us i n expanding assistance to South Africa.
And we urge the international financial i n s t i t u t i o n s , such as the
World Bank, to do the same.
Next week, I'm also sending an o f f i c i a l delegation to
South Africa for President Mandela's inauguration. Vice President
Gore w i l l lead the t r i p , along with Mrs. Gore. They'll be joined by
the F i r s t Lady, Secretary Brown, Secretary Espy, and many others,
including those here i n the audience today.
We are taking these actions because we have important
interests at stake i n the success of South Africa's journey. We have
an economic interest i n a thriving South Africa that w i l l seek our
exports and generate greater prosperity throughout the region. We
have a security interest i n a stable, democratic South Africa,
working with i t s neighbors to restore and secure peace. We have a
clear moral interest. We have had our own d i f f i c u l t struggles over
r a c i a l division, and s t i l l we grapple with the challenges of drawing
strength from our own diversity. That i s why the powerful images of
.South Africa's elections resonated so deeply i n the souls of a l l
Americans.
Whether i n South Africa or America, we know there i s no
f i n i s h l i n e to democracy's work. Developing habits of tolerance and
respect, creating opportunity for a l l our c i t i z e n s , these efforts are
never completely done. But l e t us savor the fact that South Africa
now has the chance to begin that noble and v i t a l work.
Thirty-three years ago, Albert Luthuli became the f i r s t
of four South Africans to win the Nobel Peace Prize. As he accepted
the award, he described h i s people as, and I quote, " l i v i n g testimony
to the unconquerable s p i r i t of mankind. Down the years they have
sought the goal of f u l l e r l i f e and l i b e r t y , s t r i v i n g with incredible
determination and fortitude."
Today, that fortitude and the s t r i v i n g s of generations,
have begun to bear f r u i t . Together, we must help a l l South Africans
build on t h e i r newfound freedom.
Thank you very much. (Applause.)
And now I'd l i k e to ask The Vice President to come
forward to make some acknowledgements and some remarks and to t a l k a
l i t t l e about the h i s t o r i c t r i p that the American delegation he w i l l
lead i s about to make.
Mr. Vice President.
(Applause.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much, Mr. President.
May I begin by acknowledging the presence of the delegation, which
w i l l be accompanying the F i r s t Lady and Tipper and me to South
Africa. You know from l i s t e n i n g to conversations among the three of
us that we're very excited about t h i s t r i p . I t i s one of the great
moments i n history.
MORE
�- 3 -
The l a s t p i l l a r s of apartheid are crumbling and three
centuries of i n j u s t i c e are coming to a close. Many have brought
about t h i s moment, and we are very excited, as I mentioned, about the
p o s s i b i l i t y about the opportunity to witness t h i s transformation.
May I acknowledge Secretary Espy who i s going to be
joining us in the delegation, and your National Security Advisor, Mr.
President, Tony Lake, who has worked t i r e l e s s l y i n the l a s t 16 months
and i n other capacities prior to t h i s administration to help bring
about t h i s moment. Ambassador Talbott of the State Department and
h i s colleague, George Moose from the State Department. And, Mr.
Ambassador, thank you for the State Department's outstanding role in
bringing t h i s about.
There are others who are present that I would l i k e to
mention. The President has already mentioned Reverend Jesse Jackson
in h i s role as the leader of the election monitoring group. Some of
you here may not know that, while there, he received special
recognition and thanks for the manner in which he and the delegation
he led contributed to t h i s outstanding event, and played a
considerable and important role in helping to guarantee and insure
the integrity of t h i s important moment i n history.
Director Carol Bellamy of the Peace Corps i s here;
Administrator Brian Atwood of AID; Ruth Harkin, President of OPIC;
Ambassador Harry Schwarz, who w i l l be coming to the podium in a
moment; and ANC Representative Kingsely Makhubela, who w i l l also be
coming to the podium in j u s t a moment; and other distinguished
guests, including the members of the presidential delegation,
composed of extraordinary individuals who contributed i n a very
personal way to the magnificent transformation taking place' i n South
Africa.
Each of you here today can be proud of the role that you
played i n dismantling apartheid. You led the way in one of the great
moral struggles of t h i s century,
May I say that you w i l l be getting-calls today — we
could not c a l l you e a r l i e r — inviting you to a gathering at our
residence on Saturday night, those of you who can come, for the delegation prior to the departure for South Africa. And I hope that
most of you w i l l be able .— I hope a l l of you w i l l be able to come
and j o i n us on that occasion.
There are a number of members of Congress who were
extremely instrumental in raising the l e v e l of awareness i n America
to the horrors of apartheid. Unfortunately, due to key votes
scheduled today on Capitol H i l l , these members could not j o i n us for
t h i s event, but they deserve special recognition for t h e i r role in
bringing us to the threshold of new era i n South Africa.
Now the hard work of nurturing democracy and
strengthening free market reform begins. South Africa faces a
challenge more daunting than dismantling apartheid — the challenge
of building a nonracial democracy and a culture of tolerance.
As President Clinton has made abundantly clear, the
United States of America w i l l help. We w i l l be there, doing our
part. Our work there i s part of President Clinton's larger strategy
of enlarging the world's community of free market democracies in
Africa and elsewhere,.
I w i l l have an opportunity, along with several members
of the delegation, to t a l k to the leaders of other nations in Africa
that are i n various stages of the t r a n s i t i o n to free market
democracies. I ' l l be v i s i t i n g Namibia and Benin, as well as Cape
Verde, on the way back from the inaugural events.
MORE
�_ 4 -
Even as we focus today on assistance to South Africa, we
are mindful of the importance of encouraging development throughout
Southern Africa and beyond. South Africa's successful transformation
w i l l support these goals and give hope to a l l who love freedom. The
monumental statesmanship demonstrated by President-Elect Mandela and
President F. W. de Klerk provides a shining example to help restore
peace in nations l i k e Mozambique, Bosnia, H a i t i , Rwanda, Angola,
Burundi and elsewhere.
As President-Elect Mandela said following the four days
of voting, the people of South Africa have been victorious; they have
won.
He also spoke to those a l l around the world who believe in the
struggle for j u s t i c e and democracy and self-government.
And in
eloquent words, he said, t h i s i s your victory,'too.
On a personal note, I thought back to the Sunday
morning, U.S. time, not that many years ago when Nelson Mandela was
released from prison. Our youngest child was the only one awake; and
I was watching the television, l i t e r a l l y transfixed by the scene
unfolding in South Africa. And i t occurred to me as a parent that
for a l l the times when parents have to explain t e r r i b l e , unjust
horrors and tragedies in the world and watch children contort their
faces as they absorb the news that there are t e r r i b l e things in t h i s
world they're growing up in, that was a moment, as t h i s inauguration
w i l l be a moment, when parents around the world w i l l have the joy of
being able to explain to t h e i r children the deeper meaning of an
event that transcends the ordinary, l i f t s the human s p i r i t , and gives
us a l l hope that the greater capacities that l i e within the human
heart can find expression in ways that reshape our world and l i n k the
horizons and give us the opportunity for a much brighter future.
On p r a c t i c a l matters, the $600 million trade and
investment package that the President has announced today, i s the
culmination of close cooperation and commitment between the Congress
and 10 executive agencies. I t also continues and builds on the work
i n i t i a t e d l a s t f a l l by Commerce Secretary Ron Brown, when he led a
very successful trade and investment mission to.South Africa.
Brian Atwood and the Agency for International
Development also deserve special recognition for creatively expanding
the s i z e and content of t h e i r investment programs. For the f i r s t
time, AID w i l l be working with the South African government to.
support i t s development p r i o r i t i e s .
. I'm p a r t i c u l a r l y pleased in t h i s regard to be speaking
at the USIA-sponsored conference on June 3rd i n Atlanta to promote
business and educational exchange between the U.S. arid South Africa
— June 3rd and June 4th in Atlanta.
And OP.IC President Ruth Harkin also led a major business
investment mission to South Africa and announced three U.S.-South
African ventures that could pump millions of dollars into the
country's disadvantaged community.
Other agencies that have played leading roles in
developing our robust economic package for South Africa include the
Peace Corps — and I acknowledged Carol Bellamy e a r l i e r ; the Trade
and Development Agency; Ex-Im Bank; the U.S. Trade Representative;
and the Treasury and Defense Departments.
In closing, before asking our two guests to j o i n us, in
the past week, we witnessed t h i s extraordinary h i s t o r i c * event, but we
should not forget, as Harry Truman once said, that people make
history and not the other way around.
Courageous men and women in Africa, i n America, and many
of. them here today, helped to topple apartheid. The challenges ahead
require continued hard work. To r e i t e r a t e President Clinton's words,
�- 5 -
we pledge to help a l l South Africans build upon t h e i r newfound
freedom.
And now i t i s my personal honor to be able to introduce
Ambassador Harry Schwarz of South Africa, and the Deputy Chief
Representative of the ANC mission to the United Nations, Mr. Kingsley
Makhubela. They w i l l present to President Clinton a v i s i b l e symbol
of the rebirth of South Africa, t h e i r new national colors that
capture the multicultural diversity that i s blossoming today in South
Africa.
Mr. Ambassador, Mr. Representative.
END
(Applause.)
11:38 A.M.
EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May
5,
1994
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AND THE VICE PRESIDENT
AT SOUTH AFRICAN EVENT
The South Lawn
11:20 A.M.
EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Ladies and
gentlemen, welcome to a l l of you. Last week we watched with wonder
as the c i t i z e n s of South Africa went to the p o l l s , as voters lined up
for miles and miles, coming on crutches and i n wheelchairs, waiting
patiently, crossing the countryside to exercise t h e i r franchise, to
create a new nation conceived in l i b e r t y and empowered by t h e i r
redemptive suffering.
I have j u s t spoken with President-Elect Mandela and with
President de Klerk. I congratulated Mr. Mandela on h i s victory and
told President de Klerk that he c l e a r i y deserves tremendous credit
for h i s leadership. Their courage, t h e i r statesmanship, along with
the leadership of Chief Buthelezi and others, has made t h i s
t r a n s i t i o n smoother than many thought possible.
South Africa i s free today because of the choices i t s
leaders and people made. Their actions have been an inspiration. We
can also be proud of America's role in t h i s great drama. Because
those of you here today, and many others have'helped to keep freedom's
flame l i t during the dark night of apartheid, Congress enacted
sanctions to help squeeze legitimacy from the apartheid regime.
Students marched i n s o l i d a r i t y . Stockholders held t h e i r companies to
higher e t h i c a l standards. America's churches, both black and white,
took up the mantle of moral leadership. And throughout the fight,
American c i v i l rights leaders here helped to lead the way.
Throughout, South Africa's cause has been also an
American cause. Last week's miracle came to pass i n part because of
America's help. And now we must not turn our backs.
Let me begin by saying that we a l l know South Africa
faces a task of building a tolerant democracy and a successful market
economy; and that enabling the c i t i z e n s of South Africa to reach
t h e i r potential, economically, i s c r i t i c a l to preserving the tolerant
democracy. To show that reconciliation and democracy can bring
tangible benefits, others w i l l have to help. . I'm convinced South
Africa can become a model for the entire continent. And America must
be a new and f u l l partner with that new government, so that i t can
deliver on i t s promise as quickly as possible.
We've already begun. Over the past year, the United
States sent experts to South Africa to negotiate a new constitution
— or to help them negotiate the new constitution. We provided
considerable assistance to help t h e i r elections work. We l i f t e d
sanctions. We sent two trade and investment missions to lay the
groundwork for greater economic cooperation. And we had a very fine
American delegation of election observers there during the recent
elections,. And I'd l i k e to especially thank the leader of that
delegation, Reverend Jesse Jackson, for h i s outstanding contributions
to the success of the South African elections. (Applause.) Thank
you, s i r .
MORE
�- 2-
Today i am announcing a substantial increase i n our
efforts to promote trade,' aid and investment i n South Africa. Over
the next three years we w i l l provide-and leverage about $600 million
in funds to South Africa. For t h i s f i s c a l year we have increased
assistance from $83 million to $143 million. Along with guarantees
and other means, our resources, which w i l l be mobilized for next
year, w i l l exceed $200 million.
Through the programs of 10 U.S. government agencies, we
w i l l work with South Africans to help meet the needs which they
i d e n t i f y — to build homes and hospitals, to provide better
education, to promote good governance and economic development.
I'm writing to the leaders of the other G-7 countries
and asking them to j o i n us i n expanding assistance to South Africa.
And we urge the international financial i n s t i t u t i o n s , such as the
World Bank, to do the same.
Next week, I'm also sending an o f f i c i a l delegation to
South Africa for President Mandela's inauguration. Vice President
Gore will- lead the t r i p , along with Mrs. Gore. They'll be joined by
the F i r s t Lady, Secretary Brown, Secretary Espy, and many others,
including those here i n the audience today.
We are taking these actions because we have important
interests at stake i n the success of South Africa's journey. We have
an economic interest i n a thriving South Africa that w i l l seek our
exports and generate greater prosperity throughout the region. We ,
have a security interest i n a stable, democratic South Africa,
working with i t s neighbors to restore and secure peace. We have a
c l e a r moral interest. We have had our own d i f f i c u l t struggles over
r a c i a l division, and s t i l l we grapple with the challenges of drawing
strength from pur own diversity., That i s why the powerful images of
South Africa's elections resonated so deeply i n the souls of a l l
Americans.
Whether i n South Africa or America, we know there i s no
f i n i s h l i n e to democracy's work. Developing habits of tolerance and
respect, creating opportunity for a l l our c i t i z e n s , these efforts are
never completely done. But l e t us savor the fact that South Africa
now has the chance to begin that noble and v i t a l work.
Thirty-three years ago, Albert Luthuli became the f i r s t
of four South Africans to win the Nobel Peace Prize. As he accepted the award, he described h i s people as, and I quote, " l i v i n g testimony
to the unconquerable s p i r i t of mankind. Down the years they have
sought the goal of f u l l e r l i f e and l i b e r t y , s t r i v i n g with incredible
determination and fortitude."
Today, that fortitude and the s t r i v i n g s of generations,
have begun to bear f r u i t . Together, we must help a l l South Africans
build on t h e i r newfound freedom.
Thank you very much. (Applause.)
And now I'd l i k e to ask The Vice President to come
forward to make some acknowledgements and some remarks and to t a l k a
l i t t l e about the h i s t o r i c t r i p that the American delegation he w i l l
lead i s about to make.
Mr. Vice President.
(Applause.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much, Mr. President.
May I begin by acknowledging the presence of the delegation, which
w i l l be accompanying the F i r s t Lady and Tipper and me to South
Africa. You know from l i s t e n i n g to conversations among the three of
us that we're very excited about t h i s t r i p . I t is.one of the great
moments i n history.
MORE
�- 3 -
The l a s t p i l l a r s of apartheid are crumbling and three
centuries of injustice, are coming to a close. Many have brought
about t h i s moment, and we are very excited, as I mentioned, about the
p o s s i b i l i t y about the opportunity to witness t h i s transformation.
May I acknowledge Secretary Espy who i s going to be
joining us in the delegation, and your National Security Advisor, Mr.
President, Tony Lake, who has worked t i r e l e s s l y i n the lasft 16 months
and in other capacities prior to t h i s administration to help bring
about t h i s moment. Ambassador Talbott of the State Department and
h i s colleague, George Moose from the State Department. And, Mr.
Ambassador, thank you for the State Department's outstanding role in
bringing t h i s about.
There are others who are present that I would l i k e to
mention. The President has already mentioned Reverend Jesse Jackson
in h i s role as the leader of the election monitoring group. Some of
you here may not know that, while there, he received special
recognition and thanks for the manner i n which he and the delegation
he led contributed to t h i s outstanding event, and played a
considerable and important role in helping to guarantee and insure
the integrity of t h i s important moment i n history.
Director Carol Bellamy of the Peace.Corps i s here;
Administrator Brian Atwood of AID; Ruth Harkin, President of OPIC;
Ambassador Harry Schwarz, who w i l l be coming to the podium i n a
moment; and ANC Representative Kingsely Makhubela, who w i l l also be
coming to the podium in j u s t a moment; and other distinguished
guests, including the members of the p r e s i d e n t i a l delegation,
composed of extraordinary individuals who contributed i n a very
personal way to the magnificent transformation taking place in South
Africa.
Each of you here today can be proud of the role that you
played i n dismantling apartheid. You led the way in one of the great
moral struggles of t h i s century.
May I say that you w i l l be getting c a l l s today — we
could not c a l l you e a r l i e r — inviting you to a gathering at our
residence on isaturday night, those of you who can come, for the
delegation prior to the departure for South Africa. And I hope that
most of you,will be able — I hope a l l of you w i l l be able to come
and j o i n us on that occasion.
There are a number of members of Congress who were
extremely instrumental in r a i s i n g the l e v e l of awareness i n America
to the horrors of apartheid. Unfortunately, due to key votes
scheduled today on Capitol H i l l , these members could not j o i n us for
t h i s event, but they deserve special recognition for t h e i r role in
bringing us to the threshold of new era i n South Africa.
Now the hard work of nurturing democracy and
strengthening free market reform begins. South Africa faces a
challenge more daunting than dismantling apartheid — the challenge
of building a nonracial democracy and a culture of tolerance.
As President Clinton has made abundantly clear, the
United States of America w i l l help. We w i l l be there, doing our
part. Our work there i s part of President Clinton's larger strategy
of enlarging the world's community of free market democracies in
Africa and elsewhere.
I w i l l have an opportunity, along with several members
of the delegation, to t a l k to the leaders of other nations in Africa
that are in various stages of the t r a n s i t i o n to free market
'
democracies. I ' l l be v i s i t i n g Namibia and Benin, as well as Cape
Verde, on the way back from the inaugural events.
MORE
�_ 4 -
Even as. we focus today on assistance to South Africa, we
are mindful of the importance of encouraging development throughout
Southern Africa and beyond. South Africa's successful transformation
w i l l support these goals and give hope to a l l who love freedom. The
monumental statesmanship demonstrated by President-Elect Mandela and
President F. W. de Klerk provides a shining example to help restore
peace i n nations l i k e Mozambique, Bosnia, Haiti, Rwanda, Angola,
Burundi and elsewhere.
As President-Elect Mandela said following the four days
of voting, the people of South Africa have been victorious; they have
won.
He also spoke to those a l l around the world who believe in the
struggle for j u s t i c e and democracy and self-government.
And in
eloquent words, he said, Ithis i s your victory, too.
On a personal note, I thought back to the Sunday
morning, U.S. time, not that many years ago when Nelson Mandela was
released from prison. Our youngest c h i l d was the only one awake; and
I was watching the television, l i t e r a l l y transfixed by the scene
unfolding in South Africa. And i t occurred to me as a parent that
for a l l the times when parents have to explain t e r r i b l e , unjust
horrors and tragedies in the world and watch children contort their
faces as they absorb the news that there are t e r r i b l e things in t h i s
world they're growing up in, that was a moment, as t h i s inauguration
w i l l be a moment, when parents around the world w i l l have the joy of
being able to explain to t h e i r children the deeper meaning of an
event that transcends the ordinary, l i f t s the human s p i r i t , and gives
us a l l hope that the greater capacities that l i e within the human
heart can find expression in. ways that reshape our world and l i n k the
horizons and give us the opportunity for a much brighter future.
On p r a c t i c a l matters, the $600 million trade and
investment package that the President has announced today, i s the
culmination of close cooperation and commitment between the Congress
and 10 executive agencies. I t also continues and builds on the work
i n i t i a t e d l a s t f a l l by Commerce Secretary Ron Brown, when he led a
very successful trade and investment mission to South Africa.
Brian Atwood and the Agency for International
Development also deserve special recognition for creatively expanding
the s i z e and content of t h e i r investment programs. For the f i r s t
time,, AID w i l l be working with the South African government to
support i t s development p r i o r i t i e s .
I'm p a r t i c u l a r l y pleased in t h i s regard to be speaking
at the USIA-sponsored conference on June 3rd in Atlanta to promote
business and educational exchange between the U.S. and South Africa
— June 3rd and June 4th in Atlanta.
And OPIC President Ruth Harkin also led a major business
investment mission to South Africa and announced three U.S.-South
African ventures that could pump millions of dollars into the
country's disadvantaged community.
Other agencies that have played leading roles in
developing our robust economic package for South Africa include the
Peace Corps — and I acknowledged Carol Bellamy e a r l i e r ; the Trade
and Development Agency; Ex-Im Bank; the U.S. Trade Representative;
and the Treasury and Defense Departments.
In closing, before asking our two guests to join us, in
the past week, we witnessed this.extraordinary h i s t o r i c event, but we
should not forget, as Harry Truman once said, that people make
history and not the other way around.
Courageous men and women in Africa, in America, and many
of them here today, helped to topple apartheid. The challenges ahead
require continued hard work. To r e i t e r a t e President Clinton's words,
�- 5
we pledge to help a l l South Africans build upon their newfound
freedom.
And now i t i s my personal honor to be able to introduce
Ambassador Harry Schwarz, of South Africa, and the Deputy Chief
Representative of the ANC mission to the United Nations, Mr. Kingsley
Makhubela. - They w i l l present to President Clinton a visible symbol
of the rebirth of Scputh Africa, their new national colors that
capture the multicultural diversity that i s blossoming today in South
Africa.
Mr. Ambassador, Mr. Representative.
END
(Applause.)
11:38 A.M.
EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 26, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
On behalf of a l l Americans, I want t o congratulate the
people of South A f r i c a on the s t a r t of the three-day e l e c t i o n s
now t a k i n g place i n t h e i r country.
Today's images of South
Africans -- black and white -- going t o the p o l l s i n the face of
i n t i m i d a t i o n by v i c i o u s opponents of democracy i n s p i r e the
imagination and are a s t e r n rebuke t o the cynics of the world.
South Africans are t a k i n g c o n t r o l of t h e i r own d e s t i n i e s and
preparing t o t a c k l e the fundamental challenges of e s t a b l i s h i n g a
government of n a t i o n a l u n i t y , r e s t o r i n g s t a b i l i t y and p r o s p e r i t y ,
and improving the l i v e s of the South A f r i c a n people. I am proud
of the r o l e so many Americans have played i n the s t r u g g l e against
apartheid.
I can assure South Africans t h a t we w i l l be j u s t as
involved i n helping t o b u i l d the non-racial democracy t h a t can
come i n i t s wake.
# * #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 26, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
On behalf of a l l Americans, I want t o congratulate the
people of South A f r i c a on the s t a r t o f the three-day e l e c t i o n s
now t a k i n g place i n t h e i r country.
Today's images of South
Africans -- black and white -- going t o the p o l l s i n the face of
i n t i m i d a t i o n by v i c i o u s opponents of democracy i n s p i r e the
imagination and are a s t e r n rebuke t o the cynics o f the world.
South Africans are t a k i n g c o n t r o l of t h e i r own d e s t i n i e s and
preparing t o t a c k l e the fundamental challenges of e s t a b l i s h i n g a
government of n a t i o n a l u n i t y , r e s t o r i n g s t a b i l i t y and p r o s p e r i t y ,
and improving the l i v e s of the South A f r i c a n people. I am proud
of the r o l e so many Americans have, played i n the s t r u g g l e against
apartheid.
I can assure South Africans t h a t we w i l l be j u s t as
involved i n helping t o b u i l d the non-racial democracy t h a t can
come i n i t s wake.
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 26, 1994
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
DURING CONGRESSIONAL MEETING PHOTO OPPORTUNITY
The Cabinet Room
3:50
P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: This delegation from the House and
Senate i s here t o r e p o r t on the t r i p t h a t they took t o South A f r i c a a
couple o f weeks ago. And I ' d l i k e t o j u s t begin by o f f e r i n g the
congratulations o f the United States t o the people o f South A f r i c a
f o r beginning the e l e c t i o n process today.
I'm sure many o f you have already seen some o f the
p i c t u r e s t h a t are coming i n . They're very, very moving. There was
one older lady who had t o w a i t f o r a few hours. And she said t h a t
she'd been w a i t i n g a l l o f her l i f e , t h a t a couple hours more was no
problem f o r her.
I t h i n k i t i s a — e s p e c i a l l y i n l i g h t o f the extra
round o f violence t h a t the people have endured i n the l a s t few days,
t h a t the renewed determination of the people there t o claim t h e i r
democracy and t o have t h i s m u l t i - r a c i a l e l e c t i o n s i s r e a l l y a
wonderful t h i n g . The United States i s committed t o t h i s process and
i t s success. And w e ' l l be there as your p a r t n e r when the e l e c t i o n s
are over.
Q
Mr. President, are you confident the Serbs w i l l
meet the deadline t h i s evening?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we expect them t o .
course, we're f o l l o w i n g i t very c l o s e l y today.
And, o f
Q
Are you confident you've worked out the problems
w i t h the United Nations i n case they do not?
THE PRESIDENT: I believe t h a t we have. We worked hard
on i t l a s t weekend. And, as I t o l d you, I b e l i e v e t h a t we have.
Q
Mr. President, are you going t o have t o scale back
your welfare plan because you've decided against any taxes t o pay f o r
it?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, i n the beginning we knew t h a t ,
based on the CBO budgeting r u l e s , we wouldn't have — we couldn't
r a i s e enough money anyway t o guarantee a j o b — p u b l i c l y - f u n d e d job
— f o r every person on p u b l i c assistance t h a t might not have a job
w i t h i n the two-year time period. So we won't — w e ' l l have t o phase
t h a t p o r t i o n o f i t i n . But i t ' l l s t i l l be q u i t e an extensive
program.
THE PRESS:
Thank you.
END
3:52 P.M. EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 26, 1994
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
DURING CONGRESSIONAL MEETING PHOTO OPPORTUNITY
The Cabinet Room
3:50
P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: This delegation from the House and
Senate i s here t o r e p o r t on the t r i p t h a t they took t o South A f r i c a a
couple o f weeks ago. And I ' d l i k e t o j u s t begin by o f f e r i n g t h e
congratulations o f the United States t o the people o f South A f r i c a
f o r beginning the e l e c t i o n process today.
I'm sure many o f you have already seen some o f t h e
p i c t u r e s t h a t are coming i n . They're very, very moving. There was
one older lady who had t o w a i t f o r a few hours. And she said t h a t
she'd been w a i t i n g a l l o f her l i f e , t h a t a couple hours more was no
problem f o r her.
I t h i n k i t i s a — e s p e c i a l l y i n l i g h t o f the extra
round o f violence t h a t the people have endured i n the l a s t few days,
t h a t the renewed determination o f the people there t o claim t h e i r
democracy and t o have t h i s m u l t i - r a c i a l e l e c t i o n s i s r e a l l y a
wonderful t h i n g . The United States i s committed t o t h i s process and
i t s success. And w e ' l l be there as your p a r t n e r when the e l e c t i o n s
are over.
Q
Mr. President, are you c o n f i d e n t the Serbs w i l l
meet the deadline t h i s evening?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we expect them t o .
course, we're f o l l o w i n g i t very c l o s e l y today.
And, o f
Q
Are you confident you've worked out the problems
w i t h the United Nations i n case they do not?
THE PRESIDENT: I believe t h a t we have. We worked hard
on i t l a s t weekend. And, as I t o l d you, I b e l i e v e t h a t we have.
Q
Mr. President, are you going t o have t o scale back
your welfare plan because you've decided against any taxes t o pay f o r
it?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, i n the beginning we knew t h a t ,
based on the CBO budgeting r u l e s , we wouldn't have — we couldn't
r a i s e enough money anyway t o guarantee a job — p u b l i c l y - f u n d e d job
— f o r every person on p u b l i c assistance t h a t might not have a job
w i t h i n the two-year time period. So we won't — w e ' l l have t o phase
t h a t p o r t i o n o f i t i n . But i t ' l l s t i l l be q u i t e an extensive
program.
THE PRESS:
Thank you.
END
3:52 P.M. EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
April 24, 1994
Statement by the Press Secretaiy
We strongly condemn the attack in Johannesburg today. We are confident that
this cowardly effort at intimidation by those who would seek to derail the process of
change cannot and will not deter the overwhelming majority of South Africans who will
vote in the country'sfirstnon-racial election, beginning on Tuesday.
At each point in the historic process of change in South Africa, the leaders and
people of South Africa have reaffirmed their commitment to see this process through.
As the President said last week, it would be difficult to overstate the significance of the
changes in South Africa, which hold "the promise of harmony and prosperity and the
prospect of a revitalization, a new energy, a new peace, and a new sense of possibility."
The courage and dedication shown by South Africans, he said, constitutes "a stern
rebuke to the cynics of the world."
The United States will do all it can to support South Africans during the elections
and beyond as they move ahead to build a stable and prosperous non-racial democracy.
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 22, 1994
. STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
P r e s i d e n t i a l Delegation t o South A f r i c a n Elections
President C l i n t o n announced today t h a t Reverend Jesse
Jackson, President of the Rainbow C o a l i t i o n , has been named t o
head the o f f i c i a l delegation t o observe the South A f r i c a n
e l e c t i o n s . Also on the o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n w i l l be Dr. George
Moose, A s s i s t a n t Secretary of State f o r A f r i c a n A f f a i r s ; Reverend
Dr. Charles S t i t h , President, National Organization f o r New
E q u a l i t y ; Dr. Arthur Thomas, President of Central State (Ohio)
U n i v e r s i t y ; Dr. Pauline Baker of the Aspen I n s t i t u t e ; Mr. Dick J.
Batchelor, Chairman, F l o r i d a Environmental Regulation Commission;
and Colonel MacArthur DeShazer, D i r e c t o r f o r A f r i c a n A f f a i r s ,
National S e c u r i t y Council.
The President praised the long-standing leadership and
commitment of Reverend Jackson and the other members of the
delegation t o the process of democratic reform i n South A f r i c a .
He said t h a t h i s decision t o name t h i s h i g h - l e v e l delegation
r e f l e c t s h i s personal commitment t o the d i f f i c u l t t r a n s i t i o n i n
South A f r i c a .
President C l i n t o n said, "The world i s e l a t e d a t the prospect
of these e l e c t i o n s . They are the next step i n South A f r i c a ' s
h i s t o r i c path from apartheid t o n o n - r a c i a l democracy.
Americans
have stood by South Africans i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e , and we w i l l be
steadfast i n our commitment to< work w i t h a l l South Africans t o
b u i l d the prosperous, stable and j u s t s o c i e t y t h a t can come i n
i t s place."
,
The delegation w i l l depart f o r South A f r i c a on Saturday,
A p r i l 24 and w i l l remain i n South A f r i c a through the end of the
e l e c t i o n s . I t w i l l have o f f i c i a l observer s t a t u s w i t h the South
A f r i c a n Independent E l e c t o r a l Commission and w i l l observe the
p o l l i n g on A p r i l 26-28 throughout South A f r i c a . The delegation
w i l l r e p o r t i t s f i n d i n g s t o the•President upon i t s r e t u r n .
# # #
�. THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e of the Press Secretary
For Inunediate Release
A p r i l 22, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
Appointment of Joseph Connor as UN Undersecretary General
President C l i n t o n welcomes the appointment o f Joseph E.
Connor as United Nations Undersecretary General f o r
Administration and Management, e f f e c t i v e May 1, 1994.
United
Nations Secretary General Boutros-Ghali announced Mr. Connor's
appointment Wednesday.
Mr. Connor, who c u r r e n t l y i s Distinguished Professor of
Business at Georgetown U n i v e r s i t y , w i l l b r i n g exceptional
business and managerial e x p e r t i s e t o t h i s job. As former
Chairman of- Price Waterhouse USA and Price Wat'erhouse World Firm,
Mr. Connor has managed both the domestic and i n t e r n a t i o n a l
operations of one o f the world's leading accounting firms and was
responsible f o r the f i r m ' s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h some of i t s biggest
c l i e n t s . Mr. Connor has also served as President of the
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Chamber o f Commerce and i s former Chairman of the
United States Council f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l Business.
As the UN's l a r g e s t f i n a n c i a l c o n t r i b u t o r , the United States
places a high p r i o r i t y on the UN achieving genuine, l a s t i n g
management reforms. The A d m i n i s t r a t i o n remains f i r m l y committed,
t o such reforms as the immediate establishment of a f u l l y
independent inspector general and the reduction o f our
peacekeeping assessment t o 25 percent. We view Mr. Connor's
appointment as an important step ensuring improved UN management
i n such areas as personnel, procurement, finance and budgeting.
We look forward t o working w i t h Mr. Connor i n h i s new capacity.
# # i
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press Secretary
For Inunediate Release
A p r i l 22, 1994
STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
Appointment of Joseph Connor as UN Undersecretary General
President C l i n t o n welcomes the appointment of Joseph E.
Connor as United Nations Undersecretary General f o r
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n and Management, e f f e c t i v e May 1, 1994.
United
Nations Secretary General Boutros-Ghali announced Mr. Connor's
appointment Wednesday.
Mr. Connor, who c u r r e n t l y i s D i s t i n g u i s h e d Professor of
Business at Georgetown U n i v e r s i t y , w i l l b r i n g exceptional
business and managerial e x p e r t i s e t o t h i s job. As former
Chairman of Price Waterhouse USA and Price Waterhouse World Firm,
Mr. Connor has managed both the domestic and i n t e r n a t i o n a l
operations of one of the world's leading accounting firms and was
responsible f o r the f i r m ' s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h some of i t s biggest
c l i e n t s . Mr. Connor has also served as President of the
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Chamber o f Commerce and i s former Chairman of the
United States Council f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l Business.
As the UN's l a r g e s t f i n a n c i a l c o n t r i b u t o r , the United States
places a high p r i o r i t y on the UN achieving genuine, l a s t i n g
management reforms. The A d m i n i s t r a t i o n remains f i r m l y committed
t o such reforms" as the immediate establishment of a f u l l y
independent inspector general and the reduction o f our
peacekeeping assessment t o 25 percent. We view Mr. Connor's
appointment as an important step ensuring improved UN management
i n such areas as personnel, procurement, finance and budgeting.
We look forward t o working w i t h Mr. Connor i n h i s new capacity.
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 22, 1994
INTERVIEW OF THE PRESIDENT
BY SOUTH AFRICAN PRESS
The Roosevelt Room
A p r i l 20, 1994
7:03 P.M. EDT
Q
Could I begin, Mr. President, w i t h a two-part
question? What i s the s i g n i f i c a n c e of t h e South A f r i c a n e l e c t i o n t o
you and t h e American people? And do you have any p a r t i c u l a r message
f o r the people o f South A f r i c a t h a t we could take back t o them?
THE PRESIDENT: F i r s t of a l l , I t h i n k i t would be
d i f f i c u l t t o overstate t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h i s e l e c t i o n t o t h e
American people, f o r many reasons. F i r s t o f a l l , our own h i s t o r y of
r a c i a l d i v i s i o n . We, a f t e r a l l , fought a great c i v i l war over
slavery, and we continue t o deal w i t h our own r a c i a l challenges
today. So a l l Americans, I t h i n k , have always been more drawn t o the
problems and t h e promise o f South A f r i c a than perhaps o t h e r nations
have been.
Secondly, our own c i v i l r i g h t s movement has, f o r
decades, had a r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h the a n t i a p a r t h e i d movement i n South
A f r i c a . So t h i s w i l l be a great sense o f personal j o y t o many, many
Americans who have been involved i n t h i s whole issue p e r s o n a l l y .
And f i n a l l y , i t ' s important t o the United States because
of the promise of harmony and p r o s p e r i t y i n South A f r i c a , and what
t h a t might mean not only t o South A f r i c a , b u t t o many other nations
i n the r e g i o n , and t o the prospect of a r e v i t a l i z a t i o n , a new energy,
a new peace, a new sense o f p o s s i b i l i t y throughout a t l e a s t t h e
southern p a r t o f A f r i c a . So i t ' s very important.
Q
Any p a r t i c u l a r message?
THE PRESIDENT: The message I would have i s t h i s : The
United States i s elated a t t h e prospect o f these e l e c t i o n s . We have
c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e e f f o r t t o f i g h t apartheid. We have t r i e d t o
support t h e e f f o r t t o have good e l e c t i o n s and t o make them
meaningful, and we want t o celebrate w i t h and support South A f r i c a .
But we r e a l i z e t h a t the r e a l work w i l l begin a f t e r the e l e c t i o n , of
c o n t i n u i n g t o l i v e i n harmony; of f i g h t i n g t h e new problems every
day; of making democracy work; of dealing w i t h the s o c i a l problems
and t h e v e r y severe economic problem. And we intend t o be a partner
from the beginning; we i n t e n d t o be a f u l l partner.
Shortly a f t e r t h e e l e c t i o n I w i l l announce a s u b s t a n t i a l
increase i n United States' assistance and support f o r b u i l d i n g South
A f r i c a economically, d e a l i n g w i t h the s o c i a l problems, h e l p i n g t h e
p o l i t i c a l system t o work. ^And then i n June, we w i l l have here a very
l a r g e conference sponsored by t h e Secretary o f Commerce Ron Brown,
i n A t l a n t a , b r i n g i n g together large numbers of American
The conference i s cosponsored by USIA and b i p a r t i s a n
congressional leaders, b r i n g i n g together a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
congressional, business and other p r i v a t e sector leaders.
»*
T ) TI
-
�- 2 -
businesspeople t o give us the o p p o r t u n i t y t o urge them t o be involved
w i t h South A f r i c a i n t h e r e b u i l d i n g .
Q
That's e x c e l l e n t . Thank you, s i r . I f I may s t a r t
o f f by j u s t saying how e x c i t e d I am, r e a l l y , t o come a l l t h e way from
Soweto t o — you know, i t ' s not always t h a t a j o u r n a l i s t from Soweto
meets t h e President o f America, and I'm k i n d of r e a l l y happy t h a t
t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y has been granted us.
My question f o l l o w i n g on what Richard s a i d , we know from
the h i s t o r y o f Europe up t o t h e Second World War — t h e r e , t h e r e was
a Marshall Plan. I mean, t h i s idea i s not t e r r i b l y new, a c t u a l l y .
The idea of t r y i n g t o get America t o s t a r t another major economic
p l a n such has happened a f t e r World War I I — and t h e j o u r n a l i s t i n us
says, i t could be c a l l e d t h e C l i n t o n Plan — wouldn't you t h i n k t h a t
would be a s u i t a b l e idea t o perhaps pursue?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I do b e l i e v e t h a t we ought t o
d r a m a t i c a l l y increase our assistance, which we w i l l do. I t h i n k we
ought t o d r a m a t i c a l l y increase our p r i v a t e investment i n South
A f r i c a , which I intend t o work on. I t h i n k we ought t o do what we
can t o m o b i l i z e the resources o f other nations t o also c o n t r i b u t e .
And I i n t e n d t o spend a l o t of time and e f f o r t on t h a t .
I don't know t h a t I would say i t ' s e x a c t l y l i k e t h e
Marshall Plan, o r t h a t t h a t i s e x a c t l y what i s needed; but i t ' s
obvious t h a t a l o t of money, a l o t of investment and a l o t of
o p p o r t u n i t y i s going t o be needed t o s o r t of jump-start South A f r i c a .
I t ' s a very r i c h country. And I t h i n k t h a t the promise o f t h i s new
democracy i s t h a t people w i l l be able t o l i v e up t o t h e i r p o t e n t i a l .
And I i n t e n d t o do what I can t o be a strong p a r t n e r i n t h a t .
Q
This i s the l a s t one t o — would you — you would
probably be going t o A f r i c a soon, and i s there any i n t e n t i o n o f
paying a v i s i t t o our country?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I hope t h a t I can go, and I very
much want t o go. I assure you I'm going t o send a very h i g h - l e v e l
d e l e g a t i o n t o t h e inauguration t o celebrate t h e e l e c t i o n s . And I
have been t a l k i n g w i t h my s t a f f about when I can go t o A f r i c a .
This year, because o f t h e 50th anniversary o f t h e ending
of World War I I , I w i l l wind up making three t r i p s t o Europe, and I
w i l l go Asia i n the f a l l . But i n 1995, 1996, my t r a v e l schedule i s
more open. And I very much want t o go there.
I t h i n k t h a t the United States, f r a n k l y , has not — w i t h
t h e exception o f South A f r i c a — has not paid as much a t t e n t i o n t o
A f r i c a as i t should have, and t o i t s long-term p o t e n t i a l , and
p a r t i c u l a r l y t o those countries t h a t are t r y i n g t o resolve t h e i r
p o l i t i c a l problems and do t h i n g s t o help t h e i r people. So I would be
honored t o go t h e r e . I don't have a t r i p scheduled, b u t I hope I can
go.
Q
Mr. President, a South A f r i c a n p r i e s t once s a i d t o
me some years ago t h a t the country was a preview of what t h e whole
w o r l d faced — r a c i a l and e t h n i c c o n f l i c t . And h i s p r e d i c t i o n seems
t o be coming t r u e , not j u s t i n Bosnia, but i n Armenia and Azerbaijan
and Rwanda and so on. Do you have any thoughts on — a c t u a l l y , i t ' s
been p r e t t y h i g h on your l i s t o f problems since you became President
— do you have any thoughts about what seems t o be t h e success o f
t h i s venture i n South A f r i c a , what t h a t says about how we can deal
w i t h t h i s t e r r i b l e problem worldwide?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I t h i n k t h a t — I do have some
thoughts, a c t u a l l y . I t h i n k i t has worked i n South A f r i c a p a r t l y
because people w i t h enormous i n f l u e n c e decided t o be statesmen
i n s t e a d of wreckers. A f t e r a c e r t a i n amount of time, you had t h e
MORE
�- 3 -
leaders of t h e various groups deciding t h a t there was no longer a
f u t u r e i n f i g h t i n g and k i l l i n g and dying; t h a t s p l i t t i n g the country
up was not an o p t i o n ; and t h a t somehow they were going up or down
t o g e t h e r . And then they t r a n s l a t e d those understandings i n t o
concrete commitments — not j u s t an e l e c t i o n . An e l e c t i o n i s only
p a r t of i t , although a b i g p a r t .
I t h i n k t h e decision t o go f o r a government of n a t i o n a l
u n i t y f o r f i v e years i s absolutely c r i t i c a l t o t h i s — and making the
d e c i s i o n before you know the outcome o f t h e e l e c t i o n . The d e c i s i o n
t o have a b i l l of r i g h t s ; the d e c i s i o n t o have a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l court
— I t h i n k a l l these t h i n g s have made a huge d i f f e r e n c e . And I t h i n k
what you've g o t i n other places, these s o r t of ancient d i v i s i o n s —
r a c i a l , e t h n i c and r e l i g i o u s d i v i s i o n s — where people have n o t come
t o t h a t wisdom; they don't understand y e t , f o r whatever reason, t h a t
i n t h e end t h e y ' l l be b e t t e r o f f i f they work t o g e t h e r ; and t h a t
c o n t r o l l i n g t e r r i t o r y i s nowhere near t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e i n terms of
q u a l i t y o f l i f e and meaning of l i f e t h a t i t was 100 years ago.
I t ' s almost as i f , i n some of the places t h a t you've
mentioned — and you've w r i t t e n so p o w e r f u l l y about Bosnia, and I
know you care a l o t about Azerbaijan; you have t h e Abkhaz problem,
you have a l l these t h i n g s — i t ' s almost as i f t h e Cold War s o r t of
imposed a freeze-frame on the h i s t o r y o f a l o t of these places. And
t h e n when i t went away, people woke up and resumed t h e a t t i t u d e s t h a t
t h e y had held i n the e a r l y p a r t o f t h e 2 0th century, which they
c a r r i e d over from the 19th century — as i f there had been no
communications r e v o l u t i o n , as i f t h e r e had been no changes i n t h e
g l o b a l economy, as i f a l l these t h i n g s had happened.
Here i n t h i s country, too, t h e ethnic d i v e r s i t y o f the
U n i t e d States ought t o be our g r e a t e s t asset as we move i n t o t h e next
century. I t used t o be i n America t h a t t h e burden we c a r r i e d was t h e
burden o f the f i g h t between blacks and whites going back t o s l a v e r y
and t h e C i v i l War and t h e aftermath. Now, i n Los Angeles County
alone t h e r e are 150 d i f f e r e n t r a c i a l and ethnic groups — 150
d i f f e r e n t ones i n one county. And there was a study released i n our
press l a s t week t h a t said sometimes these groups resented each other
as much as they resented the white m a j o r i t y , depending on what t h e
f a c t s were. So we're s t i l l dealing w i t h t h i s .
But I t h i n k t h a t — I have t o t e l l you, I b e l i e v e t h a t
i f t h e e l e c t i o n s come o f f w e l l , and e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e aftermath of
t h e agreement yesterday where Chief Buthelezi agreed w i t h Mr. Mandela
and Mr. de K l e r k t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e e l e c t i o n s , and they worked out
t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r o l e f o r the King o f t h e Zulus — I t h i n k when
t h a t was done — I t h i n k i f t h i s e l e c t i o n comes o f f , i t w i l l send a
message around the world t h a t t h e r e i s another way t o deal w i t h these
problems; and t h a t i f i t can be done i n South A f r i c a , how can you
j u s t i f y t h e old-fashioned k i l l i n g and f i g h t i n g and dying over a piece
o f land, over d i v i s i o n s which are n o t as important as what u n i t e s
people i n other places.
I mean, i t ' s amazing; you t h i n k o f i t — c o n t r a s t what
we see i n Gorazde w i t h what we see about t o happen i n South A f r i c a .
I t ' s a matter o f enormous h i s t o r i c a l impact. And I t h i n k t h a t when
i t i s shown around t h e world i t has t o reverberate i n ways t h a t we
can't f u l l y assess but t h a t have t o be p o s i t i v e .
Q
Mr. President, I understand — c o r r e c t me i f I'm
wrong — but you are proposing a $170-million a i d package f o r South
A f r i c a . A f t e r the f a l l of the Soviet Union we proposed a l a r g e r a i d
package t o t r y t o help them over t h e hump. And there were some who
complained t h a t t h a t wasn't enough money t o do much good, o t h e r were
complaining t h a t t h a t was too much money — t h e U.S. couldn't a f f o r d
it.
How d i d you a r r i v e a t t h i s f i g u r e f o r South A f r i c a ? And how do
you f e e l about those who say t h a t t h i s i s not enough t o make much of
�- 4 -
a d i f f e r e n c e w i t h the enormous amount of work t h a t needs t o be done
t o help r a i s e the black m a j o r i t y ' s standard of l i v i n g ?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, f i r s t of a l l , we've not f i n a l i z e d
the amount of the a i d package. We're working on i t now, and we're
going t o get as much money as we can during t h i s f i s c a l year from
funds t h a t are i d l e i n the appropriate accounts. That i s , there are
some — we are looking, we are scouring the government accounts f o r
t h i n g s , money t h a t won't be spent t h a t we can put i n t o t h i s . And we
w i l l do as much as we possibly can.
South A f r i c a i s a country of 40 m i l l i o n people where
seven m i l l i o n are. homeless, f o r a l l p r a c t i c a l purposes. There i s an
enormous amount t o be done. But I t h i n k there — i f you look at i t
i n the l a r g e r sense, i f you look at the amount of investment we have,
we have only a b i l l i o n d o l l a r s invested now i n South A f r i c a since the
advent of the sanctions. And I'm glad t h a t I could l i f t the
sanctions — but a b i l l i o n d o l l a r s .
I n the e a r l y '80's we had $3 b i l l i o n . And one of the
t h i n g s t h a t I intend t o do i n June w i t h t h i s conference t h a t
Secretary Brown i s having i s t o do everything I can t o accelerate
r e t u r n of American investment t o the l e v e l s of the e a r l y 'SOs,
and
then t o exceed t h a t . Because we know, as a p r a c t i c a l matter, i f you
look a t the i n c r e d i b l e human and n a t u r a l resources of South A f r i c a ,
t h a t t h e r e would be more American money, p r i v a t e sector American
money than government money.
after
But I
money
year,
Now, next year and the year a f t e r — we're going
t h i s t h i n g on a multiyear basis — we may be able t o do
t h i n k , given the c o n d i t i o n of our budget laws and where
i s r i g h t now and the f a c t t h a t we're i n the middle of a
we're going t o do q u i t e w e l l .
t o stay
better.
the
fiscal
I don't want t o be — we're i n no p o s i t i o n t o be
d i c t a t i n g t h a t ; we should be asking them. But I can t e l l you, I know
we can make i t a v a i l a b l e f o r economic development p r o j e c t s , f o r human
resource p r o j e c t s l i k e housing and health and education, and f o r
democracy and i n s t i t u t i o n b u i l d i n g — how do you set up a system
which w i l l d e l i v e r these services and f u n c t i o n properly.
I t occurs t o me, f o r example, the interconnection i n
South A f r i c a and southern A f r i c a , generally — the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and
waterways and the p o t e n t i a l f o r telecommunications interconnection
—
t o leverage economic growth explosively throughout the region i s very
great.
I t might be t h a t your leaders would say, w e l l , i f you have
t h i s amount of d o l l a r s , put i t i n t o these investments because t h e y ' l l
generate more o p p o r t u n i t i e s .
I t may be t h a t your leaders w i l l say,
we can't stand the s i g h t of a l l these people l i v i n g i n substandard
c o n d i t i o n s ; put more of i t i n housing. I t might be t h a t there's a
p u b l i c h e a l t h problem t h a t you want t o deal w i t h . I t h i n k t h a t we
should be guided i n p a r t , or i n large measure, by what we're asked t o
do by the new leaders of the new South A f r i c a .
new
Q
Mr. President, do you have any plans t o i n v i t e the
South A f r i c a n president t o Washington?
THE
Q
PRESIDENT:
Absolutely, I do.
Quite soon?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes,
promptly a f t e r the e l e c t i o n .
I w i l l issue the
invitation
Q
Mr. President, what I t h i n k we need, perhaps i n a
much more c r u c i a l way, i s education i n democracy. There's too much
intolerance.
This business about our leaders being so wonderful i s
q u i t e t r u e i n some measure, but i n the l a s t couple o f weeks, they've
�- 5 -
also showed themselves t o be r a t h e r unfortunate i n t h e i r choices,
q u i t e f r a n k l y . And i t spreads r i g h t down t o the man i n the s t r e e t s ,
where t h i s business of t o l e r a n c e between people i s j u s t nonexistent
i n South A f r i c a . So one would imagine a great deal of resource would
go i n t o — p a r t i c u l a r from a place l i k e America, which has got the
h i s t o r y and perhaps the understanding of these p a r t i c u l a r problems - would be able t o help us.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we're c e r t a i n l y prepared t o do
t h a t , t o make t h a t kind of investment. And we have, as you know,
invested some money, as I said, since I've been President I t h i n k
somewhere i n the range of $35 m i l l i o n j u s t t o t r y t o make the
p o l i t i c a l process, work r i g h t .
I f you ask me one t h i n g I have learned i n my own l i f e
growing up as a young boy i n the segregated south, i t i s t h a t t h i s i s
something t h a t you never solve; you j u s t have t o keep improving, you
have t o keep working w i t h i t .
I was — my own i n t e r e s t i n p o l i t i c s i n America was
inflamed overwhelmingly by my o p p o s i t i o n t o r a c i a l segregation i n my
own s t a t e , my own community, our own neighborhoods, our schools, and
the t e r r i b l e consequences which flowed from t h a t . And so I thought,
w e l l , you know, when I grow up maybe there's something I can do t o
solve t h i s . And when I ran f o r p u b l i c o f f i c e and when I served as a
governor of my s t a t e , and then when I became President, I t h i n k t h a t
I ' l l always be able t o say I d i d things t o make i t b e t t e r .
But t h i s i s not the s o r t of t h i n g you solve.
U n f o r t u n a t e l y , human nature being what i t i s , i d e n t i f i a b l e
d i f f e r e n c e s w i l l always be used by narrow-minded people or f r u s t r a t e d
people or ignorant people, or sometimes bad people, as a l e v e r , a
wedge, a means of a c q u i r i n g power or influence or dominance or j u s t
i n f l i c t i n g harm. But i t can get b e t t e r and b e t t e r and b e t t e r .
That w i l l be the t e s t . The u l t i m a t e t e s t of your,
democracy w i l l be whether a d i s c i p l i n e d e f f o r t can be made t o take
the a t t i t u d e s represented as you acknowledge by your leaders and keep
working u n t i l they become more and more and more r e a l i n the d a i l y
l i v e s of every c i t i z e n of your country. But i t i s not a j o b t h a t
w i l l ever be completely done. I t w i l l always be something you have
t o work on — at l e a s t t h a t ' s our experience here. I t w i l l get
b e t t e r , but y o u ' l l always have t o work on i t .
Q
Mr. President, you've r e a l l y j u s t answered t h e
question I was going t o ask, which was about t h i s country — and t h a t
answer and a previous one, very movingly o p t i m i s t i c statements.
Let
me put what may be a b i t p e s s i m i s t i c t o you. Despite the very great
r e v o l u t i o n a r y change i n t h i s country, e s p e c i a l l y i n the south, your
p a r t of t h e country, the f a c t i s t h a t we are s t i l l a very l a r g e l y
segregated country i n terms of housing and schools, and t h a t race
r e l a t i o n s are not t e r r i f i c . You've j u s t said i t w i l l get b e t t e r .
W i l l i t ? I mean, i f South A f r i c a —
THE PRESIDENT: I f they work at i t I t h i n k i t w i l l get
b e t t e r . But I t h i n k you w i l l , f i r s t of a l l , people w i l l always tend
t o show a c e r t a i n a f f i n i t y t o organize t h e i r l i v i n g p a t t e r n s around
people who are more l i k e them. But some people w i l l seek a more
i n t e g r a t e d l i f e . That's my experience i n the south; t h a t ' s my
experience i n America. I mean, I was amazed when I t r a v e l e d around
i n other p a r t s of America t h a t a l o t of people t h a t I knew i n other
p a r t s of t h e country l i v e d a more segregated existence than I d i d f o r
whatever reason — maybe j u s t the nature of the population of t h e i r
communities.
But I t h i n k t h e r e w i l l always be a c e r t a i n amount of
cohesion o f people of the same race or ethnic group or r e l i g i o u s
group, p a r t i c u l a r l y i f they have strong r e l i g i o u s convictions.
You
MR
OE
�- 6 -
see t h a t a l l over the world. You see t h a t here. To a c e r t a i n
extent, there's nothing wrong w i t h t h a t and i t ' s not u n h e l p f u l . What
i s unhelpful i s i f t h a t i s used as a way t o d i v i d e people and i f i t
leads t o some s o r t of l e g a l or p r a c t i c a l d i s c r i m i n a t i o n . And I t h i n k
what Mr. Lewis i s saying i s absolutely r i g h t . We s t i l l have too much
of t h a t i n America.
We had a meeting here t h i s morning — j u s t f o r example
— we had a meeting t h i s morning; we had a couple of hundred people
i n the Rose Garden to t a l k about how t o b e t t e r immunize a l l of our
c h i l d r e n i n America. And i t ' s a p p a l l i n g t h a t a country as wealthy as
we are only immunizes about two-thirds of our k i d s , about 64 percent
of our c h i l d r e n under two w i t h a l l the recommended childhood
immunizations. And i t i s impossible t o avoid the conclusion t h a t one
of the reasons i s t h a t c h i l d r e n under two are more l i k e l y t o be
c h i l d r e n of color and more l i k e l y t o be poor than a d u l t s over 50 who
tend t o make the decisions t h a t c o n t r o l p u b l i c p o l i c y i n t h i s
country. That's one reason. That's not the only reason, but i t ' s
one reason.
So we had a meeting today t o celebrate, t r y i n g t o
organize ourselves w i t h some d i s c i p l i n e at the community l e v e l t o
eradicate not only a h e a l t h problem, but a problem of d i s c r i m i n a t i o n
against the young, the poor, and o f t e n , c h i l d r e n of c o l o r . This —
but I t h i n k you see t h i s played out over and over and over again i n
every society. But I do believe you can make i t b e t t e r .
And what I t h i n k i s going t o happen i n t h i s country i s
t h a t i n c r e a s i n g l y we w i l l come t o understand t h a t the f a c t t h a t we
are a m u l t i r a c i a l society i s an enormous asset i n a g l o b a l economy,
but only i f we take advantage of i t ; only i f we educate a l l our
c h i l d r e n , keep them healthy, and teach people t o l i v e t o g e t h e r i n
ways t h a t permit them a l l t o succeed. Otherwise, t h i s p o t e n t i a l
asset becomes an enormous problem.
South A f r i c a has an enormous asset now.
You have a
b i r a c i a l society — you have some other ethnic groups, too, I know,
and mixed race — but you have, e s s e n t i a l l y , two great l a r g e ethnic
groups of people, each of whom have d i f f e r e n t experiences, d i f f e r e n t
backgrounds, d i f f e r e n t contacts throughout the world now.
I t can be
a t e r r i f i c asset f o r you t h a t you are d i f f e r e n t , but only i f you use
it.
I t has been a t e r r i b l e handicap. You can now t u r n i t i n t o an
asset.
So I guess my answer t o Tony i s , some places i t w i l l be
b e t t e r , some places i t w i l l be worse throughout the w o r l d . But i f
you look a t the way the world i s going, you b a s i c a l l y are going t o
have two kinds of s o c i e t i e s t h a t w i l l do w e l l , i t seems t o me
—
h i g h l y homogenous, coherent s o c i e t i e s t h a t t h i n k they can operate
w i t h great d i s c i p l i n e by t h e i r own sets of c u l t u r a l r u l e s which are
widely accepted w i t h i n the society, who w i l l then attempt t o do w e l l
i n the g l o b a l economy by having high rates of savings, investment and
exporting t o others, but keeping there own l i f e ; or open, m u l t i e t h n i c
s o c i e t i e s which welcome the whole world and t r y t o f i n d a way t o make
s t r e n g t h out of d i v e r s i t y . And what you're going t o see i s each of
those s o c i e t i e s w i l l be d e a l i n g w i t h the c o n f l i c t s t h a t any course of
action dictates.
So now — you've got a great reform movement going on i n
Japan, f i g h t i n g great o p p o s i t i o n , because they're saying, we need to
be more open; we need t o appreciate d i v e r s i t y more; but we don't want
t o be so open, we don't have any d i s c i p l i n e or c o n t r o l or d i r e c t i o n
or whatever. And you have America saying, t h i s d i v e r s i t y i s a great
asset f o r us, but not i f we have so l i t t l e d i s c i p l i n e , our crime
rates are too high, our education systems are too poor or whatever.
So you have these two great models — each of them t r y i n g t o f i n d the
strengths of one another. You have a chance t o do t h a t i n South
�- 7-
A f r i c a . And i t ' s a unique o p p o r t u n i t y , a t l e a s t i n t h a t p a r t o f the
African continent.
And I t h i n k i t ' s an e x t r a o r d i n a r y t h i n g . And I t h i n k
the world w i l l come beating a path t o your doorstep. I t won't j u s t
be the United States, t h e whole world w i l l s t a r t showing up down
there when you p u l l t h i s e l e c t i o n o f f , because they w i l l be so
e x h i l a r a t e d by the moral and t h e p r a c t i c a l p o t e n t i a l o f what i t i s
you're engaged i n . That's what I believe.
Q
Mr. President, the comparison w i t h the U.S. r a c i a l
h i s t o r y i s a persuasive one i n many ones. But, o f course, one key
d i f f e r e n c e i s t h e U.S. has a w h i t e m a j o r i t y ; South A f r i c a has a black
m a j o r i t y . There was an i n t e r e s t i n g piece on t h e op-ed o f The New
York Times, Tony's newspaper, yesterday by a white South A f r i c a man,
who was w r i t i n g r a t h e r p a s s i o n a t e l y and persuasively about h i s
concerns as a white South A f r i c a n about the possible temptations of
Nelson Mandela's ANC on t h e b r i n k o f what looks l i k e i s going t o be a
l a n d s l i d e v i c t o r y , t h a t they may be tempted toward the worst impulses
of the o l d order i n terms o f repressing the r i g h t s o f m i n o r i t i e s .
And he s o r t o f ends o f f w i t h a note t o us Americans, saying, wish us
w e l l , but keep i n touch. Keep an eye out. Keep the same
a c c o u n t a b i l i t y f o r the new government as we held the o l d n a t i o n a l
p a r t y — a p a r t h e i d government t o .
Do you share h i s concerns about possible abuses by the
new government? What do you t h i n k the U.S. perspective ought t o be
as f a r as South A f r i c a ' s f u t u r e there?
THE PRESIDENT: I ' d l i k e t o answer the question — i t ' s
a good question and a f a i r one — and I'd l i k e t o s o r t o f — I ' l l
g i v e you two answers, c o n s i s t e n t one w i t h the other, but I t h i n k
showing what I perceive t o be t h e dimension o f the problem.
F i r s t of a l l , t h e leaders of the country have taken
g r e a t steps t o minimize t h e prospect of t h a t development by agreeing
t o a c o n s t i t u t i o n w i t h a s t r o n g b i l l of r i g h t s and a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l
c o u r t , and by agreeing t o a government of n a t i o n a l u n i t y ; and by
a l s o , f r a n k l y , s i d i n g w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l g l o b a l developments t h a t are
c o n s i s t e n t w i t h human r i g h t s — renouncing t e r r o r i s m , renouncing the
spread o f p r o l i f e r a t i o n o f weapons of mass d e s t r u c t i o n . A l l these
auger f o r a government t h a t w i l l be balanced and f a i r and w i l l not
t o l e r a t e as o f f i c i a l p o l i c y t h e abuse of human r i g h t s .
I f t h a t should occur, I t h i n k the United States should
have the same o b l i g a t i o n t o speak against i t t h e r e as we d i d before
i n South A f r i c a , and as we do now elsewhere i n the world. I t h i n k
that's hopeful.
I t h i n k the f a r g r e a t e r danger f o r the man who wrote the
piece — and i t was a very moving piece, I thought — t h e f a r greater
danger i s what i s i n the h e a r t o f m i l l i o n s o f people who — t o go
back t o your question — who have not yet bought i n t o the whole
process t h a t i s u n f o l d i n g . And who knows how many people t h e r e are
c a r r y i n g what wounds i n s i d e who may t h i n k they have some o p p o r t u n i t y
and some p o s i t i o n t o which they might be e l e c t e d , or j u s t some
o p p o r t u n i t y because of t h e i r newfound freedom f o r payback time? I
mean, t h a t i s something t h a t no one can c a l c u l a t e .
I n other words, democracy requires every day m i l l i o n s
and m i l l i o n s and m i l l i o n s o f decisions i n a country as l a r g e as 40
m i l l i o n , by people — they j u s t make decisions — sometimes — y o u ' l l
begin t o make them almost subconsciously — t o support t h e democratic
process, t o show personal r e s t r a i n t , t o respect the r i g h t s o f other
people t o deal w i t h a l l these t h i n g s . I t h i n k t h a t ' s going t o be the
f a r bigger challenge, i s when you get the government i n place and
you've got t h e laws, you've g o t the b i l l of r i g h t s , you've got a l l
t h i s s t u f f , t h e government's going t o t r y t o do the r i g h t t h i n g , I
MORE
�- 8-
think the majority party w i l l try to do the right thing — what w i l l
happen i s , what about a l l the people up and down the l i n e ? And what
i s i n t h e i r hearts? What kind of temptations or opportunities w i l l
be there? Those are things that happen to free s o c i e t i e s , and you'll
just have to work at stamping them out and minimizing them. I think
that's what w i l l — that's what the r e a l problem i s .
Q
Mr. President, Africa i s being written off as a
basket case i n many parts of the world. And I think you have said
e a r l i e r that the U.S. has been s l i g h t l y lacking in some respects i n
i t s attitude toward Africa. You've said you were going to be
traveling, hope to travel there next year. I'm asking because, i f we
get i n right i n South Africa, and Africa doesn't l i f t i t s e l f up,
we're simply going to have hoards of people pouring into t r y to have
what we have got. Do I understand you correctly when you say that as
you get further into your presidency you're going to be making more
of an e f f o r t in Africa to u p l i f t Africa and help —
THE PRESIDENT: I think the United States should focus
more on A f r i c a as a whole, as a continent.
Q
Do you intend to do that?
THE PRESIDENT: And I intend to do that. Now, you know,
today, of course, we're profoundly — I know that — I won't use your
term, but you know what occupies our headlines, of course, are i n the
north, Somalia and Sudan and the problems there; and then moving down
the continent to Rwanda and Burundi; and then moving down to Angola
where more children have been injured by land mines than i n any war
in human history. I t ' s not on CNN at night, so people don't talk
about i t .
And we're t e r r i b l y troubled by Rwanda now, but i t wasn't
so many months ago that i n a period of months i t ' s estimated that as
many as a quarter of a m i l l i o n or more people died i n Burundi.
So i t i s true. But there are other s t o r i e s i n South
Africa as w e l l . There are other countries where progress i s being
made, where democracy i s beginning to work, where people are
beginning to t r y to put together these things that w i l l make a
successful country. And i t seems to me that the United States ought
to be working with countries that are trying to make good things
happen, as well as doing what we can to a l l e v i a t e human suffering
where there's a tragedy.
And I think we need a more balanced and more aggressive
policy i n Africa, and I am hopeful that we'll be able to provide one.
We've been so caught up with our own financial problems and cutting
back on everything — and i n our country, foreign aid of a l l kinds
has a h i s t o r y of being unpopular among the people and, therefore,
among the Congress. But I think that i f there i s a success i n South
A f r i c a , which I expect there to be, I believe America w i l l t r y to
come to you; I believe the world w i l l t r y to come to you; I think
there w i l l be a fascination about i t . And I think that i t w i l l not
only spark greater development in the southern part of A f r i c a , but i t
w i l l give us a more balanced view of what our overall policy should
be. I r e a l i z e I'm an optimist, but that's what I believe w i l l
happen.
Q
Thank you so much. I just want to say that while
I'm pretty — well, I don't want to say impressed, but very glad we
had t h i s opportunity to be here, and I'm rather profoundly touched by
your s i n c e r i t y . As an editor, I'm not particularly friendly with
lots of p o l i t i c i a n s , but I'm very glad the way you came through; i t
sounded so sincere.
One l a s t thing i s that we are also lucky because we have
two tremendous leaders. We have Nelson Mandela, and Mr. de Klerk,
�- 9-
who i s an A f r i k a n e r , who I had thought a l l my l i f e would be the enemy
— I never b e l i e v e d t h a t he could change. But he d i d t h i s tremendous
t h i n g by changing. And i t ' s almost l i k e a miracle t o have two people
l i k e t h a t f o r our sons t o look up t o as an example, almost, t o s t a r t
t h i s process o f tolerance and democracy. I j u s t want t o make t h a t
comment.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, i f I might j u s t comment on t h a t
and say one t h i n g — I thank you f o r saying t h a t . And I thank you
f o r being p o s i t i v e l y i n c l i n e d toward me. I f you l i v e d here, you
would have an o b l i g a t i o n t o be more c r i t i c a l of me. (Laughter.) I
accept i t .
Let me t e l l you what I t h i n k about t h a t . I t h i n k t h a t
both Mandela and de Klerk are remarkable s t o r i e s ; and together, they
are a s t e r n rebuke t o the cynics o f the world. De Klerk, f o r t h e
reason you s a i d , because he was an A f r i k a n e r and because o f the image
we a l l have o f t h a t and what i t was and what i t meant p o l i t i c a l l y and
r a c i a l l y and every way; Mandela because he spent t h e best years o f
h i s l i f e i n a p r i s o n c e l l , walked out by most standards, an o l d e r
man, s t i l l ready t o be young and vigorous and able t o f r e e himself of
the b i t t e r n e s s t h a t would s u r e l y have destroyed most people who had
t o l i v e f o r 27 years behind bars. That also i s an a s t o n i s h i n g story.
I f these two people are capable of t h a t s o r t o f i n t e r n a l
growth and wisdom and understanding, there must be a way f o r the rest
of us t o impart some o f t h a t t o t h e society a t l a r g e i n South A f r i c a
and t h e United States or wherever, so t h a t they, i n t u r n , can l i v e
together. But both s t o r i e s are t r u l y astonishing.
I t h i n k also they owe a l o t t o others, t o o . We were
t a l k i n g before I came i n t o t h i s i n t e r v i e w — I b e l i e v e i n t h e h i s t o r y
of the Nobel P r i z e . The c o n f l i c t i n South A f r i c a between the races
i s t h e only t h i n g t h a t ' s produced four Nobel Prizes over the same
issue. They A l b e r t L e t h u l i — (phonetic) — then Bishop Tutu and
then Mandela and de Klerk. I mean, t h i s i s something t h a t the world
has been f i x a t e d on w i t h you f o r a long time.
But t h e i n t e r n a l changes o f those two people, t h a t ' s
what you have t o f i n d a way — t h a t goes back t o where you s t a r t e d —
you have t o f i n d a way t o m i r r o r t h a t down here where people l i v e and
buy newspapers and go t o work every day and f i n d a way t o l i v e
together.
Thank you.
END
7:38 P.M. EDT
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 21, 1994
TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
I am w r i t i n g t o inform you of my i n t e n t t o add South A f r i c a
t o the l i s t of beneficiary developing countries under the
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The GSP program o f f e r s
duty-free access t o the U.S. market and i s authorized by the
Trade Act of 1974
'
I have c a r e f u l l y considered the c r i t e r i a i d e n t i f i e d i n
sections 501 and 502 of the Trade Act of 1974. I n l i g h t o f
these c r i t e r i a , I have determined that' i t i s appropriate t o
extend GSP b e n e f i t s t o South A f r i c a .
This n o t i c e i s submitted i n accordance w i t h
section 502(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
A p r i l 21, 1994.
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f t h e Press S e c r e t a r y
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 21, 1994
TO AMEND THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
1.
Pursuant t o s e c t i o n s 501 and 502 o f t h e Trade A c t
of 1974, as amended ("Trade Act") (19 U.S.C. 2461 and 2462),
and h a v i n g due r e g a r d for. the e l i g i b i l i t y c r i t e r i a s e t f o r t h
t h e r e i n , I have determined t h a t i t i s a p p r o p r i a t e t o d e s i g n a t e
South A f r i c a as a b e n e f i c i a r y d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r y f o r purposes
of t h e G e n e r a l i z e d System o f Preferences ("GSP").
2. S e c t i o n 604 o f t h e Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483)
a u t h o r i z e s t h e P r e s i d e n t t o embody i n t h e Harmonized T a r i f f
Schedule o f the U n i t e d S t a t e s ("HTS") t h e substance o f t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f t h a t Act, and o f o t h e r a c t s a f f e c t i n g i m p o r t
t r e a t m e n t , and a c t i o n s thereunder.
NOW, THEREFORE, I , WILLIAM J. CLINTON, P r e s i d e n t o f t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s o f America, a c t i n g under t h e a u t h o r i t y v e s t e d
i n me by t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n and the laws o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f
America, i n c l u d i n g but n o t l i m i t e d t o s e c t i o n s 501 and 604 o f
t h e Trade Act, do p r o c l a i m t h a t :
(1)
General note 4(a) t o the HTS, l i s t i n g those c o u n t r i e s
whose p r o d u c t s a r e e l i g i b l e f o r b e n e f i t s o f t h e GSP, i s m o d i f i e d
by i n s e r t i n g "South A f r i c a " i n a l p h a b e t i c a l o r d e r i n t h e
enumeration o f independent c o u n t r i e s .
(2)
Any p r o v i s i o n s o f p r e v i o u s p r o c l a m a t i o n s and E x e c u t i v e
o r d e r s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h the p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s p r o c l a m a t i o n a r e
hereby superseded t o the e x t e n t o f such i n c o n s i s t e n c y .
(3)
The m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o the HTS made by paragraph (1) o f
t h i s p r o c l a m a t i o n s h a l l be e f f e c t i v e w i t h r e s p e c t t o a r t i c l e s
t h a t are:
( i ) i m p o r t e d on o r a f t e r January 1, 1976, and
( i i ) e n t e r e d , o r withdrawn from warehouse f o r consumption,
on o r a f t e r 15 days a f t e r the date o f p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h i s
p r o c l a m a t i o n i n the Federal R e g i s t e r .
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto s e t my hand
t h i s t w e n t y - f i r s t day o f A p r i l , i n the year o f o u r Lord
n i n e t e e n hundred and n i n e t y - f o u r , and o f t h e Independence o f
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f America the two hundred and e i g h t e e n t h .
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 21, 1994
TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
I am w r i t i n g t o inform you o f my i n t e n t t o add South A f r i c a
to the l i s t of beneficiary developing countries under the
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The GSP program o f f e r s
duty-free access t o the U.S. market and i s authorized by the
Trade Act o f 1974.
I have c a r e f u l l y considered the c r i t e r i a i d e n t i f i e d i n
sections 501 and 502 of the Trade Act o f 1974. I n l i g h t o f
these c r i t e r i a , I have determined that i t i s appropriate t o
extend GSP b e n e f i t s t o South A f r i c a .
This n o t i c e i s submitted i n accordance w i t h
section 502(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
A p r i l 21, 1994.
# # #
�THE WHITE HOUSE
O f f i c e o f t h e Press S e c r e t a r y
For Immediate Release
A p r i l 21, 1994
TO AMEND THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
1.
Pursuant t o s e c t i o n s 501 and 502 o f t h e Trade A c t
of 1974, as amended ("Trade Act") (19 U.S.C. 2461 and 2462),
and h a v i n g due r e g a r d f o r the e l i g i b i l i t y c r i t e r i a s e t f o r t h
t h e r e i n , I have determined t h a t i t i s a p p r o p r i a t e t o d e s i g n a t e
South A f r i c a as a b e n e f i c i a r y d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r y f o r purposes
of t h e G e n e r a l i z e d System o f Preferences ("GSP").
2. S e c t i o n 604 o f the Trade A c t (19
a u t h o r i z e s t h e P r e s i d e n t t o embody i n t h e
Schedule o f the U n i t e d S t a t e s ("HTS") t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f t h a t A c t , and o f o t h e r a c t s
t r e a t m e n t , and a c t i o n s thereunder.
U.S.C. 2483)
Harmonized T a r i f f
substance o f t h e
a f f e c t i n g import
NOW, THEREFORE, I , WILLIAM J. CLINTON, P r e s i d e n t o f t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s o f America, a c t i n g under the a u t h o r i t y v e s t e d
i n me by the C o n s t i t u t i o n and the laws o f the U n i t e d S t a t e s o f
America, i n c l u d i n g but n o t l i m i t e d t o s e c t i o n s 501 and 604 o f
t h e Trade A c t , do p r o c l a i m t h a t :
(1)
General note 4(a) t o the HTS, l i s t i n g those c o u n t r i e s
whose p r o d u c t s a r e e l i g i b l e f o r b e n e f i t s o f t h e GSP, i s m o d i f i e d
by i n s e r t i n g "South A f r i c a " i n a l p h a b e t i c a l o r d e r i n t h e
enumeration o f independent c o u n t r i e s .
(2)
Any p r o v i s i o n s o f p r e v i o u s p r o c l a m a t i o n s and E x e c u t i v e
o r d e r s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h the p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s p r o c l a m a t i o n a r e
hereby superseded t o t h e e x t e n t o f such i n c o n s i s t e n c y .
(3)
The m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o the HTS made by p a r a g r a p h (1) o f
t h i s p r o c l a m a t i o n s h a l l be e f f e c t i v e w i t h r e s p e c t t o a r t i c l e s
t h a t are:
( i ) i m p o r t e d on o r a f t e r January 1, 1976, and
( i i ) e n t e r e d , o r withdrawn from warehouse f o r consumption,
on o r a f t e r 15 days a f t e r the date o f p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h i s
p r o c l a m a t i o n i n t h e Federal R e g i s t e r .
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand
t h i s t w e n t y - f i r s t day o f A p r i l , i n the year o f o u r Lord
n i n e t e e n hundred and n i n e t y - f o u r , and o f t h e Independence o f
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f America the two hundred and e i g h t e e n t h .
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
# # #
�0*4
1400
| . U KUBbliSb
AM>U
LIZ ROBBINS ASSOCIATES
Washington Representatives
522 8th Street, S.E.
Washington, DC 20003
tel.- 202/544-6093
fax: 202/544-1465
TELECOPY TRANSMITTAL COVER SHEET
r»x Number:
Prom:
No. o f Pages: 3
<^3^ - 7 ? 0 5 "
C
X^/ic*
/'d***/
( i n c l u d i n g cover)
CODE:.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. fax
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
04/19/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Box Number:
3106
FOLDER TITLE:
South Africa [1]
2011-0516-S
kh644
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Rceords Acl -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)I
PI National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) ofthc PRA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA)
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA)
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(5) of the PRA]
1 6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
*
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA|
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the F01A|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) ofthc FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) ofthc FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�W<u« 044 i4Bb
19-nP*-l994
16:34
L I Z ROBBINS ASSO
FROM EDITORS CPFICE
TO
1^002
0913325441465
P. 01
Johonnosburg'« btttt ntwipipar
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
FAX N (W^£zo?I)
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TOTAL NUMBER OF.PAGES
:
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DATE
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PJO. B«x 1014. J«(iJnn«aburg. 2000
47 Sauer SvMt. Johannuburn
Takphotw 633-2201/2
CJMaHWdttZ.KOO
Tt1«: 46-7083SA
Fax: 836-5593
TUtgrimr Commsrdal 'Manstar'
Editorial 'Star'
•• .^
'
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l^f.
�04/19/94
1 1:32
1^-1994
t t 2 U 2 544
16:34
1 46-5
L i t KliUbl NS. A S S U
PROM EDITORS OFFICE
.
TO
1^003
0912025441465
P.02
October '03
RIQHARP 8,3TEYK
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTiS
Born Cape Town 1944
Rondttboscti Boye" High School; University of SuHenhooch (BA & LLB degrees); Nleman
Fellow *\ Harvard Unfvercity 1986/86.
After practising as an attorney spwladslng in litigation in Natal and In London, IwK up
tdltonchip of Tha Natal Witntaa, South afrioa't oldest ntmepsper (founded 1846) and
served for 16 year*. Leader wrtter end poitflca! commentator. Contributor to varioue
publications !n South Africa end abroad.
Appointed oditortn-chief of The Star, South Africa's leading daily newspaper, in 1900.
QlhBr activltlft^ :
Executive Board member, Intemetional Preaa Institute.
Member of Council ot S.A. insfltute of international Affairs.
Member of Executive Council of United States South Afrioan Leadership Deywlopment
Programme (Uaaalsp).
Current chairman, 8 A Curiference of Edltore.
Past chairman. S A Society of Nieman Fellows.
Served for many years on SA. Media Council.
School governor.
Married with 3 sons.
i
TOTAL P.02
�04/19/94
"
'
11:32
iiww-xgg*
© 2 0 2 544 1465
16:34
LIZ ROBBINS ASSO
FROM EDITORS OFFICE
TO
©003
a912G2544146S
P.02
October '83
RICHARD 3. STEYN
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTIS
Born Cape Town 1944
SdilEBtid.:
Rondebosch Boys' Hlflh School; University of SUltenboseh (BA & LLB degree*); Nlemen
Fellow at Harvard Unlvereity 198S/86.
After practising as an attorney specialising in litigation in Natal and in London, tuuk up
editorship of Tho Natal Witness, South africa's oldest mmspaper (founded 1846) and
served for 15 year*. Leader wrtter and political commentator. Contributor to varioue
publications !n South Africa and abroad.
Appointed editoHn-chief of The Star, South Africa's leading daily newspaper, in 1990.
Executive Board member, International Press Institute.
Member of Council of S.A. Institute of international Affairs.
Member of Executive Council of United States South Afrioan Leadership Devttlopment
Programme (Ussalsp).
Current chairman, S A Conference of Edltore..
Past chairman, S A Society of Nieman Fellows.
Served for many years on SA. Media Council.
School governor.
Married with 3 sons.
TOTAL P.02
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
002. fax
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
ca. 10/1993
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Box Number:
3106
FOLDER TITLE:
South Africa [1]
2011-0516-S
kh644
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Reeords Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - |5 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) ofthc FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) ofthc FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) ofthc FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) ofthc PRA|
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA|
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) ofthc PRA|
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misflle defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�TO: Tiri Sennintohcin
FROM: JEFF BE RIG
(812) 222-3820 «2(V94 1 OF 1
CLARENCE P G
AE
Columnist/Editorial Board Member
Chicago Tribune
Clarence Page, the 1989 Pulitzer Prize winner for Commentary,
has been a columnist and a member of the newspaper's editorial board
since July 1984. His column is syndicated nationally by Tribune
Media Services and he does a twice-weekly commentary on W N T ,
O-V
Chicago. He has been based in Washington, D since May 1991.
C
Page i s an occasional guest panelist on "The McLaughlin Group,"
a regular contributor of essays to the MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour and a
host of documentaries on the Public Broadcasting System. He i s a
regular panelist on Black Entertainment Television's (BET) weekly
"Lead Story" news panel program and a biweekly commentator on
National Public Radio's (NPR) "Weekend Sunday."
Page was a reporter and assistant c i t y editor for the Chicago
Tribune from 1969 to 1980. He joined W B - V in. August 1980 as
BMT
director cf the Community Affairs Department. He was a reporter and
planning editor at the station from August 1982 to July 1984.
Page's awards include a 1980 I l l i n o i s UPI award f o r coimunity
service for an investigative series t i t l e d "The Black Tax" and the
Edward Scott Beck Award for overseas reporting of a 1976 series on
the changing p o l i t i c s of Southern Africa. Page also participated in
a 1972 Chicago Tribune Task Force series on vote fraud which won the
Pulitzer Prize. He has received awards from the I l l i n o i s and
Wisconsin chapters of the American Civil Liberties Union for his
columns on c i v i l liberties and constitutional rights. He was
inducted into the Chicago Journalism Hall of Fame i n 1992.
As a freelance writer, he has published articles in Chicago
Magazine, the Chicago Reader, Washington Monthly. New Republic. Wall
Street Journal, New York Newsday and Emerge.
A 1965 graduate of Middletown High School, Middletown Ohio, he
began his journalism career as a freelance writer and photographer
for the Middletown Journal and Cincinnati Enquirer at the age of 17.
Page received his bachelor of science in journalism degree from
Ohio University in 1969, where he w i l l be the commencement speaker .in
June 1993. He has received honorary doctorates from Columbia College
in Chicago and Lake Forest ( I l l i n o i s ) CipJULeae..
Page was born in Dayton, Ohio, on
He has been
married since May 3, 1967, to the former Lisa Johnson of Chicago.
They have one child.
October 1993
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
003. fax
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
ca. 01/1993
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Box Number: 3106
FOLDER TITLE:
South Africa [1]
2011-0516-S
kh644
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - |5 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) ofthc FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOI A]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOI A]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the F01A|
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA)
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
1 6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
*
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�P
APR-19- 94 13:IS ID:
TEL NO:
8851 P02
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES
Anthony Lewis
January, 1093
Anthony Lewis, twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize, is a columnistforThe New York
Tunes. Residem in Boston, he travels widely in this country and abroad. He has also covered
(be Supreme CounforThe Times, and been chief of its London Bureau.
He attended the Horace
Mr. Lewis was bora in New York City on[~ P6/(b)(6)
Mann School in New York and received his B.A. degree from Harvaxd College in 1948.
From 1948 to 1932 he worked for the Sunday Department of The Times. In 1952 be
became a general assignmentreporterfor the \Ntohtngton Daily News. In 1933 he won his first
Pulitzer Prizefornational reporting,fora series of articles in the Duly News on tbe dismissal
of a Navy employe as a security risk. The articles led to the employe's reinstatement.
Mr. Lewis joined the Wsshington Bureau of Tbe Times in 1955, to cover die Supreme
Court, the Justice Department and other legal subjects. In 1956-57 he was a Nieman Fellow
at Harvaid, studying law. In the following years hereportedon, among other things, the Warren
Coun and ihe Federal Govemmem'sresponsesto the civil rights movement. He won hia second
Pulitzer Prize In 1963 for hU coverage of the Supreme Coun.
He is the author of three books: Gideon's Thunpet, about a landmark Supreme Court
case. Portrait of a Decode, about the great changes in Americanracerelations, and (in 1991)
Make No Law The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment. He has published numerous articles
in legal journals.
Mr. Lewis wasforfifteen years a Lecturer on Law at the Harvard Law School, teaching
a course on The Constitution and the Press. He has taught at a number of other universities as
a visitor, among them the Universities of California, Dllnois, Oregon and Arizona. Since 1983
he has held the James Madison Visiting Professorship at Columbia University.
He hasreceiveda number of honorary degrees. In 1983 he was the Elijah Parish Lovejoy
Fellow at Colby College. In 1987 he delivered the John Foster Memorial Lecture at University
College, London.
oo3
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
004. fax
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
DOB (Partial) (1 page)
04/20/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Box Number:
3106
FOLDER TITLE:
South Africa [1]
2011-0516-S
kh644
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - |S U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA)
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA|
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) ofthc PRA]
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�>"i/<u/«M 08.07
0202 544 MRS
rw se '94 13.49 r m s KcSawcRfi H.'O
Born • .-•,--,P6/(b)(6)nesbure sinca iWiT.
L I Z
R 0 B B I N S
ASSO
in Xi»b»rl«y but hkve llvad in Johan-
Did Primary •duoBtion in Newclara and SOphiatown and
matrlcvlated Ml NaCibene High School, iji Weatam Native
Townahip, noar Sophiatown.
|
Did D at Wito and 9**duatad in Politiol and Paycholoflry in
A
Fraalanoa work for Jin Bailey nn tha Sojldan City Vo^t VAila
s t i l l at varsity. '
.
;
St«rhorf working at the Bantu World in IS€2 aftar grudualiny
mid woiK«a undcc Mr MT Hoaranc.
x rajoinaa Golden city Post fur a y*ar >r so «nd than worked
aa a Laboratory Aaeietant at a Madieal putfit in .Tnhanneaburg.
Worked on Trust Magazine, n now magazln) started by Jin .
tfailay, t i l l i t foldad.
worked one* mora en World and vas appoihtad vuvi Editor of
Weekend Huxld until i t wae banned in 1977.
i
Spent six months In j a i l whan The vrorldj and Heakend world
w x a bannad in 1977.
a• l
I
Returned to work ua Aasiatant Editor on] Po»t. •
Rp«nt about a year in Harvard univarsltjr as Miamtui Fallow.
R i u n t to work as Aaaietant Editor on Sowotan. Appointed
«tr«3
Daputy Zditor in Fabruary 1987. Took ov^r editorship of
sowetan in 1998.
x an narrlAd ho Valatta and have three ttiildran, Koeketsi,
Nthato and Lnaya.
110
203
�3019
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20506
A p r i l 19, 1994
•ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR ANTHONY LAKE
FROM:
TARA SONENSHINE
DON STEINBERG
SUBJECT:
P r e s i d e n t ' s Meeting w i t h J o u r n a l i s t s
i n Advance o f South A f r i c a n E l e c t i o n s
At Tab I i s a b r i e f i n g memorandum f o r t h e P r e s i d e n t f o r h i s
meeting on' Wednesday, A p r i l 20 i n t h e Roosevelt Room w i t h
j o u r n a l i s t s in. advance o f t h e South A f r i c a n elections..
RECOMMENDATION
That you s i g n t h e b r i e f i n g memorandum a t Tab I .
Attachments
Tab I
B r i e f i n g Memorandum f o r t h e P r e s i d e n t
Tab A
Review o f Recent Events i n South A f r i c a
Tab B
Talking Points
�3019
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEETING WITH '
JOURNALISTS IN ADVANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ELECTIONS
DATE: A p r i l 20, 1994
LOCATION: R o o s e v e l t Room
TIME: 5:45 - 6:15 p.m.
FROM:
I.
ANTHONY LAKE.
MARK GEARAN
PURPOSE
To express s u p p o r t f o r South A f r i c a as i t goes t h r o u g h t h e
tumultuous p e r i o d i n advance o f t h e f i r s t n o n - r a c i a l
elections i n the nation's h i s t o r y . ,
II.
BACKGROUND
D e s p i t e t h e widespread v i o l e n c e t h a t has marred t h e run-up
t o South A f r i c a n e l e c t i o n s , t h e e l e c t i o n s a r e expected t o
proceed as planned: T h i s i n t e r v i e w would a l l o w you t o reach
s e v e r a l m i l l i o n s o f South A f r i c a n s , as w e l l as o u r own
domestic audience, w i t h a message o f s t r o n g s u p p o r t f o r t h e
h i s t o r i c change underway i n South A f r i c a , thus h e l p i n g t o
smooth t h e t r a n s i t i o n p r o c e s s . You w i l l be a b l e t o d i s c u s s
i n some d e t a i l our package o f a s s i s t a n c e f o r South A f r i c a i n
the p o s t - e l e c t i o n period.
The Sowetan i s South A f r i c a ' s l a r g e s t newspaper, r e a d m o s t l y
by b l a c k s ; The Star i s South A f r i c a ' s second l a r g e s t
newspaper, read m o s t l y by w h i t e s . Both a r e w e l l - r e s p e c t e d
and r e s p o n s i b l e papers. Anthony Lewis, The New York Times,
and Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e , have devoted enormous
coverage t o South A f r i c a .
A t t a c h e d a t Tab A i s a r e v i e w o f r e c e n t events i n South
A f r i c a . A t t a c h e d a t Tab B a r e t a l k i n g p o i n t s f o r your
interview.
I I I . PARTICIPANTS
The P r e s i d e n t
Anthony Lake
Mark Gearan
Dee Dee Myers
Tara Sonenshine
Don S t e i n b e r g
Aggrey K l a a s t e , E d i t o r , The Sowetan
R i c h a r d Steyn, E d i t o r , The S t a r
Anthony Lewis, The New York Times
Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e
�IV.
PRESS PLAN
White House photographer
South A f r i c a n photographer
USIA TV Crew
V. .
SEQUENCE
The j o u r n a l i s t s w i l l be p r e - p o s i t i o n e d i n t h e R o o s e v e l t
Room, a l o n g w i t h a USIA f i l m team. A f t e r your p r e - b r i e f and
makeup i n t h e Oval O f f i c e , you w i l l e n t e r t h e R o o s e v e l t
Room, g r e e t t h e j o u r n a l i s t s and s i t down f o r t h e i n t e r v i e w .
Q u e s t i o n i n g w i l l b e g i n w i t h t h e South A f r i c a n j o u r n a l i s t s .
A f t e r 30 m i n u t e s , you w i l l r i s e , pose f o r photographs w i t h
the j o u r n a l i s t s and d e p a r t .
Attachments
Tab A
Review o f Recent Events i n South A f r i c a
Tab B
Talking Points
�A REVIEW OF RECENT EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
The Road t o Non-Racial Democracy: South A f r i c a ' s h i s t o r i c "
t r a n s i t i o n from a p a r t h e i d t o n o n - r a c i a l democracy w i l l t a k e a
major s t e p f o r w a r d w i t h the h o l d i n g o f the n a t i o n ' s f i r s t nonr a c i a l e l e c t i o n s next week, A p r i l 26-28. The e l e c t i o n s t a k e
place more than f o u r years a f t e r the r e l e a s e of Nelson Mandela
from p r i s o n i n February 1990, and i t has been a d i f f i c u l t
t r a n s i t i o n . More than 15,000 deaths have o c c u r r e d i n p o l i t i c a l
v i o l e n c e s i n c e Mandela's r e l e a s e , i n c l u d i n g t r a g i c mass k i l l i n g s
a t Bisho, Boipatong and l a t e l a s t month i n Johannesburg. I t i s
a l s o a t r a n s i t i o n marked by g r e a t courage and compromise, f o r
which Nelson Mandela and F.W.
de K l e r k j u s t l y earned t h e i r Nobel
Peace P r i z e s .
Much o f the p r e - e l e c t i o n v i o l e n c e has been r e l a t e d t o the demands
by Chief B u t h e l e z i ' s I n k a t h a Freedom P a r t y f o r r e s e r v e d r i g h t s
f o r the Zulu people. A major s t u m b l i n g b l o c k was removed
y e s t e r d a y when Mandela, B u t h e l e z i and de K l e r k agreed t h a t
I n k a t h a would p a r t i c i p a t e i n the e l e c t i o n s and renounce v i o l e n c e
i n exchange f o r c o n s t i t u t i o n a l assurances on t h e r o l e of t h e Zulu
k i n g . This was a major a c t of statesmanship w o r t h y o f p r a i s e .
I f a l l p a r t i e s l i v e up t o t h e i r commitments, t h e r e i s now every
p r o s p e c t t h a t the e l e c t i o n s w i l l take p l a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e
c o u n t r y i n r e l a t i v e peace.
E l e c t i o n s : At the Federal l e v e l , a l l p a r t i e s have agreed t h a t t h e r e w i l l be a Government- of N a t i o n a l U n i t y i n p l a c e f o r f i v e
years f o l l o w i n g the e l e c t i o n , w i t h any p a r t y w i n n i n g a t l e a s t 5
p e r c e n t o f the v o t e having the r i g h t t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e
Cabinet. The r e s u l t s o f the e l e c t i o n are not i n doubt. I t i s
assumed the ANC w i l l win between 55 and 65 p e r c e n t o f t h e v o t e ,
and t h a t Nelson Mandela w i l l t h e r e f o r e be e l e c t e d by P a r l i a m e n t
t o become the f i r s t p r e s i d e n t of a n o n - r a c i a l South A f r i c a .
The
N a t i o n a l Party under F.W.
de K l e r k i s expected t o draw about 20
p e r c e n t , thus making de K l e r k v i c e p r e s i d e n t . Other p a r t i e s
expected t o be a t about the 5 p e r c e n t mark are t h e l e f t i s t Pan
A f r i c a n i s t Congress, the r i g h t - w h i t e Freedom F r o n t , t h e I n k a t h a
Freedom Party and the l i b e r a l Democratic P a r t y .
There are a l s o e l e c t i o n s f o r 9 governors ("premiers") and
l e g i s l a t u r e s f o r States.
The ANC i s expected t o win a l m o s t a l l
o f these, a l t h o u g h t h e race i n the Cape Town r e g i o n w i l l be
c l o s e . A.major ANC concession d u r i n g t h e n e g o t i a t i o n process was
t h e d e v o l u t i o n of s u b s t a n t i a l powers t o t h e r e g i o n s under the new
constitution.
You have asked Reverend Jesse Jackson t o head a d e l e g a t i o n o f
e l e c t i o n observers f o r the A p r i l 26-28 p o l l i n g . A l s o on t h e
d e l e g a t i o n w i l l be A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e f o r A f r i c a n
A f f a i r s George.Moose.
�Our d e l e g a t i o n t o the i n a u g u r a t i o n of t h e new South A f r i c a n
P r e s i d e n t , t o take p l a c e May 10 i n P r e t o r i a , w i l l be headed by ^
t h e V i c e P r e s i d e n t and w i l l i n c l u d e t h e F i r s t Lady. Places on
t h e o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n are among the h o t t e s t t i c k e t s i n town.
The Challenge f o r t h e F i r s t P o s t - A p a r t h e i d Government: The new
South A f r i c a n government w i l l be under tremendous pressure t o
meet t h e h i g h e x p e c t a t i o n s of South A f r i c a n b l a c k s f o r new j o b s ,
good houses, q u a l i t y e d u c a t i o n and a v a i l a b l e h e a l t h care.
The
c h a l l e n g e i s tremendous. Unemployment i n South A f r i c a i s about
45 p e r c e n t o v e r a l l and 50 p e r c e n t f o r b l a c k s . There are 7
m i l l i o n people who are homeless o r l i v i n g i n s q u a t t e r s camps. A
b l a c k c h i l d born i n South A f r i c a has a g r e a t e r chance of d y i n g
b e f o r e h i s Sth b i r t h d a y than of g r a d u a t i n g from h i g h s c h o o l .
There w i l l be a honeymoon p e r i o d f o r t h e new government and b l a c k
South A f r i c a n s have a remarkable r e p u t a t i o n f o r p a t i e n c e , b u t
t h e y w i l l a l s o want t o see some t a n g i b l e s i g n s , t h a t the p o l i t i c a l
t r a n s i t i o n has r e a l meaning i n t h e i r own l i v e s as w e l l .
Our Response: We are committed t o a s u c c e s s f u l t r a n s i t i o n i n
South A f r i c a , which i s e s s e n t i a l t o p r o m o t i n g m a r k e t - o r i e n t e d
democracy, s u s t a i n a b l e development and r e g i o n a l s e c u r i t y . What
happens i n South A f r i c a i s v i t a l l y i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e r e g i o n : a
s u c c e s s f u l South A f r i c a can be a p o w e r f u l engine of growth and
s t a b i l i t y t h r o u g h o u t southern A f r i c a and beyond.
-We have p r o v i d e d about $420 m i l l i o n i n a s s i s t a n c e over t h e p a s t
decade t o support t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t a p a r t h e i d . I n November
1993, you l i f t e d s a n c t i o n s a g a i n s t South A f r i c a / f i r s t , i m p o s e d i n
1987 over P r e s i d e n t Reagan's v e t o . At t h a t t i m e you announced
our i n t e n t i o n t o assemble a package o f a s s i s t a n c e f o r a new South
A f r i c a n government. S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e e l e c t i o n , you w i l l u n v e i l
a t h r e e - y e a r $600 m i l l i o n package o f a s s i s t a n c e d i r e c t e d a t t h r e e
areas: (a) b l a c k p r i v a t e s e c t o r development and j o b c r e a t i o n ; (b)
s o c i a l needs, i n c l u d i n g housing, h e a l t h c a r e , e d u c a t i o n and
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ; and (c) democracy and governance. For the f i r s t
t i m e , we w i l l begin t o work t h r o u g h t h e South A f r i c a n government
t o d e f i n e p r i o r i t i e s and channel our r e s o u r c e s .
For t h i s f i s c a l year, t h e money f o r t h i s program w i l l come
r e l a t i v e l y p a i n l e s s l y from o t h e r A f r i c a n c o u n t r i e s where we were
c l o s i n g o p e r a t i o n s anyway ( e . g . , Cameroon, Z a i r e ) . For t h e n e x t
two years, we w i l l need t o s h i f t funds from l e s s e r A f r i c a n
p r i o r i t i e s . A number of Members o f Congress, i n c l u d i n g t h e
C o n g r e s s i o n a l Black Caucus, and a c t i v i s t s have w r i t t e n t o argue
t h a t such f u n d i n g s h o u l d not come from d i v e r s i o n s from t h e
Development Fund f o r A f r i c a . We are c o n s i d e r i n g a l t e r n a t i v e
means of addressing these concerns.
Encouraging the P r i v a t e Sector:
B i l a t e r a l t r a d e w i t h South
A f r i c a t o t a l s more than $4 b i l l i o n , w i t h a s u b s t a n t i a l t r a d e
s u r p l u s f o r the U n i t e d S t a t e s . About 50,000 Ainerican jobs depend
�on the South A f r i c a n market, and there i s tremendous new
p o t e n t i a l i f democratic and market reform succeeds. I n a d d i t i o n ,
South A f r i c a can once again become a very a t t r a c t i v e investment
s i t e . I n the mid-1980's, about 300 U.S. companies had invested
almost $3 b i l l i o n i n South A f r i c a . Today, the numbers are about
120 companies and about $1 b i l l i o n . Part o f our assistance
package w i l l include an OPIC program t o insure U.S. investment i n
South A f r i c a and other funds t o leverage new c a p i t a l .
�TALKING POINTS FOR
INTERVIEW ON
SOUTH AFRICA
I'm pleased t o be here today.. T h i s i n t e r v i e w c o u l d n ' t be
b e t t e r , t i m e d . As we meet, the dreams of m i l l i o n s o f South
A f r i c a n s and Americans are now coming t r u e : a p a r t h e i d i s
v a n i s h i n g , t h r e e c e n t u r i e s of w h i t e p o l i t i c a l d o m i n a t i o n i n
South A f r i c a i s ending and p a r t i e s are i n the home s t r e t c h
o f a v i g o r o u s campaign.
Four years ago, when Nelson Mandela walked f r e e a f t e r n e a r l y
t h r e e decades i n p r i s o n , we a l l knew the p a t h o f t r a n s i t i o n
would be t o r t u r o u s . Indeed, more than 15,000 South A f r i c a n s
have d i e d i n senseless v i o l e n c e s i n c e then. And y e t as a
r e s u l t of the b o l d i n i t i a t i v e s taken by Mandela, P r e s i d e n t
de K l e r k and o t h e r s , South A f r i c a n s now have a . t r a n s i t i o n a l
c o n s t i t u t i o n , a b i l l of r i g h t s and an e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s .
Again yesterday, South A f r i c a n l e a d e r s , i n c l u d i n g C h i e f
B u t h e l e z i , demonstrated g r e a t courage and compromise. T h e i r
a c t i o n s have paved the way towards f r e e and f a i r e l e c t i o n s
i n South A f r i c a n e x t week. E q u a l l y i m p o r t a n t , t h e y bode
w e l l f o r the success of the Government of N a t i o n a l U n i t y
t h a t w i l l be e s t a b l i s h e d i n South A f r i c a .
Obviously, t h e r e are s t i l l t h r e a t s t o the p r o c e s s , b u t I ' v e "
been c o n f i d e n t a l l along t h a t e l e c t i o n s w i l l t a k e p l a c e as
scheduled on A p r i l 26-28. We pray they w i l l be p e a c e f u l .
South A f r i c a n s are ready f o r r e a l democracy: t h e y ' v e
a l r e a d y w a i t e d 350 years f o r i t . They're a l s o ready t o
s t a r t t a c k l i n g the r e a l challenges f a c i n g t h e i r n a t i o n :
h e a l t h care, e d u c a t i o n , housing and j o b s . E l e c t i o n s w i l l
c o n f e r l e g i t i m a c y on a Government of N a t i o n a l U n i t y ,
a l l o w i n g a new South A f r i c a n government t o t a k e t h e tough
p o l i t i c a l and economic measures needed t o move t h e c o u n t r y
forward.
South A f r i c a n s have p l a y e d t h e key r o l e i n t h i s process of
d e m o c r a t i z a t i o n , b u t I'm proud about our r o l e as w e l l .
Over
the past decade, we've p r o v i d e d $420 m i l l i o n t o f i g h t
a p a r t h e i d and p r e p a r e b l a c k South A f r i c a n s t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n
t h e f u t u r e government and economy. We've helped i n t r o d u c e
many South A f r i c a n s t o the advantages o f a market economy.
Over the past two years, we've given $35 m i l l i o n t o support,
v o t e r e d u c a t i o n and t r a i n i n g o f e l e c t i o n m o n i t o r s i n
a n t i c i p a t i o n of t h e e l e c t i o n s . And we're h e l p i n g s t o p
v i o l e n c e through t h e N a t i o n a l Peace Accords, the Independent
E l e c t o r a l Commission, and the U.N. Observer M i s s i o n .
We w i l l be j u s t as a c t i v e i n h e l p i n g South A f r i c a face an
even g r e a t e r c h a l l e n g e :
e s t a b l i s h i n g n o n - r a c i a l democracy
and addressing r i s i n g e x p e c t a t i o n s .
E l e c t i o n s do n o t equal
democracy; and democracy does n o t equal development. Black
�South A f r i c a n s --.newly e n f r a n c h i s e d w i t h p o l i t i c a l power -w i l l want t o see t h a t power t r a n s l a t e d i n t o new j o b s , decent
homes, good s c h o o l s , c l e a n water and a v a i l a b l e h e a l t h care.
Compounding these c h a l l e n g e s i s t h e legacy o f a p a r t h e i d .
E x c l u d i n g 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n from p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n
t h e economic l i f e o f South A f r i c a has taken a tremendous
human t o l l t h a t t h r e a t e n s democracy.
I n South A f r i c a t h e r e
are 7 m i l l i o n homeless, 60 p e r c e n t b l a c k i l l i t e r a c y , n e a r l y
50 p e r c e n t b l a c k unemployment. A b l a c k c h i l d born i n South
A f r i c a has a g r e a t e r chance of d y i n g b e f o r e h i s o r her Sth
b i r t h d a y than o f g r a d u a t i n g from h i g h s c h o o l .
But i f t h e c h a l l e n g e s f a c i n g South A f r i c a ' s f i r s t n o n - r a c i a l
government are g r e a t , so t o o a r e t h e c o u n t r y ' s resources,
i n c l u d i n g t h e l a r g e s t economy on t h e c o n t i n e n t , a f i r s t c l a s s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e and a w e a l t h o f m i n e r a l resources.
1
J u s t as i m p o r t a n t , t h e people o f South A f r i c a can draw on
the moral a u t h o r i t y and t h e s t r e n g t h o f purpose having
c h a l l e n g e d an u n j u s t and immoral system, and w i n n i n g .
They w i l l a l s o have t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l
community.
F o r e i g n investment and e x p e r t i s e w i l l be c r u c i a l
t o c o n s o l i d a t e South A f r i c a ' s t r a n s f o r m a t i o n .
We're doing our p a r t here, t o o . L a s t November, S e c r e t a r y
Brown l e d a h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l t r a d e and investment m i s s i o n
t o South A f r i c a .
Last month, OPIC P r e s i d e n t Ruth Harkin l e d
a s i m i l a r team t o South A f r i c a t o e x p l o r e investment
o p p o r t u n i t i e s -- t h e y weren't d i s a p p o i n t e d . Both missions
l a i d t h e groundwork f o r U.S. p r i v a t e s e c t o r s u p p o r t f o r
South A f r i c a ' s r e c o v e r y .
A f t e r t h e e l e c t i o n s , I i n t e n d t o announce a l a r g e i n c r e a s e
i n our a s s i s t a n c e t o South A f r i c a . For t h e f i r s t t i m e , we
w i l l work w i t h a new South A f r i c a n government and draw our
cue from i t s development p r i o r i t i e s .
A t p r e s e n t , we are
p l a n n i n g t o devote new resources t o d e v e l o p i n g b l a c k p r i v a t e
e n t e r p r i s e , t r a d e and investment.
We w i l l a l s o s u p p o r t
programs t o address e d u c a t i o n , housing and h e a l t h care,
i n c l u d i n g AIDS/HIV p r e v e n t i o n .
We have s t r e s s e d t o o t h e r donors t h e importance o f expanding
t h e i r a s s i s t a n c e programs. Working w i t h a new South A f r i c a n
government, we would be open t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a donor's
conference t o enhance and c o o r d i n a t e f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e .
What happens i n South A f r i c a i s o f v i t a l importance t o us
all.
South A f r i c a has t h e p o t e n t i a l t o buck t h e w o r l d t r e n d
toward g r e a t e r e t h n i c d i v i s i o n and e s t a b l i s h a p o w e r f u l
model f o r democratic r e f o r m and n a t i o n a l r e c o n c i l i a t i o n .
�We w i l l remain committed. The s t r u g g l e f o r freedom and
j u s t i c e i n South A f r i c a has a deep resonance f o r a l l
Americans. I am convinced t h a t the many Americans who have
devoted so much of t h e i r l i v e s t o the s t r u g g l e t o break down
the p i l l a r s of apartheid w i l l remain t o help b u i l d the nonr a c i a l democracy t h a t w i l l come i n i t s wake.
�QUESTIONS FOR INTERVIEW ON SOUTH AFRICA
( R i c h a r d Steyn, The S t a r , w i l l b e g i n )
What i s t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h i s e l e c t i o n t o you and t o
America?
What message do you have f o r South A f r i c a as we
approach t h e e l e c t i o n ?
(Aggrey K l a a s t e , The Sowetan)
What s p e c i f i c p l a n s do you have t o h e l p t h e new South
Africa?
(Anthony Lewis, The New York
Times)
Tony Lewis w i l l l i k e l y ask how your deep commitment t o race
r e l a t i o n s i n t h e U.S. a f f e c t s your f e e l i n g s about South
Africa.
(Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e )
Clarence Page w i l l l i k e l y ask how t h e U.S. can keep t h e
momentum going i n South A f r i c a -- t h e r e i s s t i l l work t o be
done.
(Steyn)
Do you have any p l a n s t o v i s i t South A f r i c a -- n o t j u s t
r e g a r d i n g t h e i n a u g u r a t i o n b u t i n t h e f u t u r e ? Do you have
plans t o i n v i t e t h e new South A f r i c a n P r e s i d e n t t o
Washington?
(Klaaste)
How i m p o r t a n t i s South A f r i c a ' s e l e c t i o n t o A f r i c a ? Does
America see South A f r i c a as a p o t e n t i a l l o c o m o t i v e o f South
Africa?
(Steyn)
Any r e a c t i o n t o developments w i t h B u t h e l e z i ?
(Page)
Page might ask i f you have g i v e n any t h o u g h t t o t h e
p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e new ANC government m i g h t n o t agree w i t h
a l l o f our p r i n c i p l e s and f o r e i g n p o l i c y g o a l s .
(Klaaste)
Does South A f r i c a ' s e x p e r i e n c e w i t h race t e a c h t h e U.S. and
the w o r l d a n y t h i n g about race r e l a t i o n s ?
�BIOGRAPHIC SKETCHES
RICHARD STEYN - The S t a r
Richard Steyn was a p p o i n t e d the e d i t o r - i n - c h i e f o f The S t a r ,
South A f r i c a ' s second l a r g e s t d a i l y newspaper read m o s t l y by
w h i t e s , i n 1990.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. Steyn served as t h e e d i t o r
of The N a t a l Witness, South A f r i c a ' s o l d e s t newspaper (founded
1846), where he served f o r 15 years. He began h i s c a r e e r as an
a t t o r n e y s p e c i a l i z i n g i n l i t i g a t i o n i n N a t a l and London.
Mr. Steyn was educated a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S t e l l e n b o s c h . He
was a Nieman Fellow a t Harvard U n i v e r s i t y from 1985-1986.
Mr. Steyn was born i n Cape Town i n 1944.
He i s m a r r i e d and
has 3 sons.
AGGREY KLAASTE - The Sowetan
Aggrey K l a a s t e was a p p o i n t e d t h e e d i t o r - i n - c h i e f o f The Sowetan,
South A f r i c a ' s l a r g e s t newspaper read m o s t l y by b l a c k s , i n 1988.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. K l a a s t e spent a year a t Harvard U n i v e r s i t y as
a Nieman Fellow, r e t u r n i n g t o work as A s s i s t a n t E d i t o r and then
Deputy E d i t o r o f The Sowetan. Mr. K l a a s t e was educated a t W i t s .
He was born i n Kimberley i n 1940, b u t has l i v e d i n Johannesburg
s i n c e 1945.
Mr. K l a a s t e i s m a r r i e d and has 3 daughters.
ANTHONY LEWIS - The New York Times
Anthony Lewis, t w i c e winner o f t h e P u l i t z e r p r i z e , i s a c o l u m n i s t
f o r The New York Times. From 1948 t o 1952 he worked f o r t h e
Sunday Department o f The Times. I n 1952 he became a g e n e r a l
assignment r e p o r t e r f o r t h e Washington D a i l y News. Mr. Lewis
j o i n e d the Washington Bureau o f The New York Times i n 1955 t o
cover t h e Supreme Court, t h e J u s t i c e Department and o t h e r l e g a l
s u b j e c t s . I n 1956-1957 he was a Nieman F e l l o w a t Harvard,
s t u d y i n g law. I n t h e f o l l o w i n g years he r e p o r t e d on, among o t h e r
t h i n g s , the Warren Court and t h e F e d e r a l Government's responses
t o t h e c i v i l r i g h t s movement. He has a l s o served as c h i e f o f The
Times' London Bureau. Mr. Lewis i s t h e a u t h o r o f t h r e e books and
has p u b l i s h e d numerous a r t i c l e s i n l e g a l j o u r n a l s . Mr. Lewis was
educated a t Harvard C o l l e g e . He was born i n New York C i t y i n
1927 .
CLARENCE PAGE - Chicago T r i b u n e
Clarence Page, the 1989 P u l i t z e r P r i z e winner f o r Commentary, has
been a c o l u m n i s t and a member o f t h e Chicago Tribune's e d i t o r i a l
board s i n c e 1984.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. Page was a r e p o r t e r and
a s s i s t a n t c i t y e d i t o r f o r t h e Chicago T r i b u n e from 1969-1980. He
j o i n t e d WBBM-TV i n August 1980 as d i r e c t o r o f t h e Community
A f f a i r s Department. He was a r e p o r t e r and p l a n n i n g e d i t o r a t t h e
s t a t i o n from August 1982 t o J u l y 1984.
Mr. Page's awards i n c l u d e
a 1980 I l l i n o i s UPI award f o r community s e r v i c e f o r an
i n v e s t i g a t i v e s e r i e s t i t l e d "The Black Tax" and t h e Edward S c o t t
Beck Award f o r overseas r e p o r t i n g o f a 1976 s e r i e s on t h e
changing p o l i t i c s o f Southern A f r i c a .
He has a l s o r e c e i v e d
awards from t h e I l l i n o i s and Wisconsin c h a p t e r s o f t h e American
C i v i l L i b e r t i e s Union f o r h i s columns on c i v i l l i b e r t i e s and
c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t s . Mr. Page was educated a t Ohio U n i v e r s i t y .
He was born i n Ohio i n 1947.
He i s m a r r i e d and has one c h i l d .
�QUESTIONS FOR INTERVIEW ON SOUTH AFRICA
( R i c h a r d Steyn, The S t a r , w i l l b e g i n )
What i s t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h i s e l e c t i o n t o you and t o
America? What message do you have f o r South A f r i c a as we
approach t h e e l e c t i o n ?
(Aggrey K l a a s t e , The Sowetan)
What s p e c i f i c p l a n s do you have t o h e l p t h e new South
Africa?
(Anthony Lewis, The New York
Times)
Tony Lewis w i l l l i k e l y ask how your deep commitment t o race
r e l a t i o n s i n t h e U.S. a f f e c t s your f e e l i n g s about South
Africa.
(Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e )
Clarence Page w i l l l i k e l y ask how t h e U.S. can keep t h e
momentum going i n South A f r i c a -- t h e r e i s s t i l l work t o be
done.
(Steyn)
Do you have any p l a n s t o v i s i t South A f r i c a -- n o t j u s t
r e g a r d i n g t h e i n a u g u r a t i o n b u t i n t h e f u t u r e ? Do you have
plans t o i n v i t e t h e new South A f r i c a n P r e s i d e n t t o
Washington?
(Klaaste)
How i m p o r t a n t i s South A f r i c a ' s e l e c t i o n t o A f r i c a ? Does
America see South A f r i c a as a p o t e n t i a l l o c o m o t i v e o f South
Africa?
(Steyn)
Any r e a c t i o n t o developments w i t h B u t h e l e z i ?
(Page)
Page might ask i f you have g i v e n any t h o u g h t t o t h e
p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e new ANC government m i g h t n o t agree w i t h
a l l o f our p r i n c i p l e s and f o r e i g n p o l i c y g o a l s .
(Klaaste)
Does South A f r i c a ' s e x p e r i e n c e w i t h race t e a c h t h e U.S. and
the w o r l d a n y t h i n g about race r e l a t i o n s ?
�BIOGRAPHIC SKETCHES
RICHARD STEYN - The S t a r
R i c h a r d Steyn was a p p o i n t e d t h e e d i t o r - i n - c h i e f o f The S t a r ,
South A f r i c a ' s second l a r g e s t d a i l y newspaper read m o s t l y by
w h i t e s , i n 1990.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. Steyn served as t h e e d i t o r
of The N a t a l Witness, South A f r i c a ' s o l d e s t newspaper (founded
1846), where he served f o r 15 years. He began h i s c a r e e r as an
a t t o r n e y s p e c i a l i z i n g i n l i t i g a t i o n i n N a t a l and London.
Mr. Steyn was educated a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f S t e l l e n b o s c h . He
was a Nieman F e l l o w a t Harvard U n i v e r s i t y from 1985-1986.
Mr. Steyn was born i n Cape Town i n 1944.
He i s m a r r i e d and
has 3 sons.
AGGREY KLAASTE - The Sowetan
Aggrey K l a a s t e was a p p o i n t e d the e d i t o r - i n - c h i e f o f The Sowetan,
South A f r i c a ' s l a r g e s t newspaper read m o s t l y by b l a c k s , i n 1988.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. K l a a s t e spent a year a t Harvard U n i v e r s i t y as
a Nieman Fellow, r e t u r n i n g t o work as A s s i s t a n t E d i t o r and then
Deputy E d i t o r o f The Sowetan. Mr. K l a a s t e was educated a t W i t s .
He was born i n Kimberley i n 1940, b u t has l i v e d i n Johannesburg
s i n c e 1945.
Mr. K l a a s t e i s m a r r i e d and has 3 daughters.
ANTHONY LEWIS - The New York Times
Anthony Lewis, t w i c e winner o f the P u l i t z e r p r i z e , i s a c o l u m n i s t
f o r The New York Times. From 1948 t o 1952 he worked f o r t h e
Sunday Department o f The Times. I n 1952 he became a g e n e r a l
assignment r e p o r t e r f o r t h e Washington D a i l y News. Mr. Lewis
j o i n e d t h e Washington Bureau o f The New York Times i n 1955 t o
cover t h e Supreme Court, t h e J u s t i c e Department and o t h e r l e g a l
s u b j e c t s . I n 1956-1957 he was a Nieman F e l l o w a t Harvard,
s t u d y i n g law. I n t h e f o l l o w i n g years he r e p o r t e d on, among o t h e r
t h i n g s , t h e Warren Court and t h e F e d e r a l Government's responses
t o the c i v i l r i g h t s movement. He has a l s o served as c h i e f o f The
Times' London Bureau. Mr. Lewis i s t h e a u t h o r o f t h r e e books and
has p u b l i s h e d numerous a r t i c l e s i n l e g a l j o u r n a l s . Mr. Lewis was
educated a t Harvard C o l l e g e . He was born i n New York C i t y i n
1927 .
CLARENCE PAGE - Chicago T r i b u n e
Clarence Page, the 1989 P u l i t z e r P r i z e winner f o r Commentary, has
been a c o l u m n i s t and a member o f the Chicago Tribune's e d i t o r i a l
board s i n c e 1984.
P r i o r t o t h a t , Mr. Page was a r e p o r t e r and
a s s i s t a n t c i t y e d i t o r f o r the Chicago T r i b u n e from 1969-1980. He
j o i n t e d WBBM-TV i n August 1980 as d i r e c t o r o f t h e Community
A f f a i r s Department. He was a r e p o r t e r and p l a n n i n g e d i t o r a t t h e
s t a t i o n from August 1982 t o J u l y 1984.
Mr. Page's awards i n c l u d e
a 1980 I l l i n o i s UPI award f o r community s e r v i c e f o r an
i n v e s t i g a t i v e s e r i e s t i t l e d "The Black Tax" and t h e Edward S c o t t
Beck Award f o r overseas r e p o r t i n g o f a 1976 s e r i e s on t h e
changing p o l i t i c s o f Southern A f r i c a .
He has a l s o r e c e i v e d
awards from the I l l i n o i s and Wisconsin c h a p t e r s o f t h e American
C i v i l L i b e r t i e s Union f o r h i s columns on c i v i l l i b e r t i e s and
c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t s . Mr. Page was educated a t Ohio U n i v e r s i t y .
He was born i n Ohio i n 1947.
He i s m a r r i e d and has one c h i l d .
�3019
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
A p r i l 20, 1994
MEETING WITH
JOURNALISTS IN ADVANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ELECTIONS
DATE: A p r i l 20, 1994
LOCATION: Roosevelt Room
TIME: 5:45 - 6:15 p.m.
FROM: ANTHONY LA
MARK GEARAN v
I.
PURPOSE
To express s u p p o r t f o r South A f r i c a as i t goes t h r o u g h t h e
tumultuous p e r i o d i n advance o f t h e f i r s t n o n - r a c i a l
elections i n the nation's h i s t o r y .
II.
BACKGROUND
D e s p i t e t h e widespread v i o l e n c e t h a t has marred t h e run-up
t o South A f r i c a n e l e c t i o n s , t h e e l e c t i o n s a r e e x p e c t e d t o
proceed as planned. T h i s i n t e r v i e w would a l l o w you t o reach
s e v e r a l m i l l i o n s o f South A f r i c a n s , as w e l l as o u r own
domestic audience, w i t h a message o f s t r o n g s u p p o r t f o r t h e
h i s t o r i c change underway i n South A f r i c a , t h u s h e l p i n g t o
smooth t h e t r a n s i t i o n process. You w i l l be a b l e t o d i s c u s s
i n some d e t a i l o u r package o f a s s i s t a n c e f o r South A f r i c a i n
the p o s t - e l e c t i o n period.
The Sowetan i s South A f r i c a ' s l a r g e s t newspaper, r e a d m o s t l y
by b l a c k s ; The S t a r i s South A f r i c a ' s second l a r g e s t
newspaper, read m o s t l y by w h i t e s . Both a r e w e l l - r e s p e c t e d
and r e s p o n s i b l e papers. Anthony Lewis, The New York Times,
and Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e , have devoted enormous
coverage t o South A f r i c a .
A t t a c h e d a t Tab A i s a r e v i e w o f r e c e n t events i n South
A f r i c a . A t t a c h e d a t Tab B a r e t a l k i n g p o i n t s f o r your
interview.
I I I . PARTICIPANTS
The P r e s i d e n t
Anthony Lake
Mark Gearan
Dee Dee Myers
Tara Sonenshine
Don S t e i n b e r g
Aggrey K l a a s t e , E d i t o r , The Sowetan
R i c h a r d Steyn, E d i t o r , The Star
Anthony Lewis, The New York Times
Clarence Page, Chicago T r i b u n e
�IV.
PRESS PLAN
White House photographer
South A f r i c a n photographer
USIA TV Crew
V.
SEQUENCE
The j o u r n a l i s t s w i l l be p r e - p o s i t i o n e d i n t h e R o o s e v e l t
Room, along w i t h a USIA f i l m team. A f t e r your p r e - b r i e f and
makeup i n t h e Oval O f f i c e , you w i l l e n t e r t h e R o o s e v e l t
Room, g r e e t t h e j o u r n a l i s t s and s i t down f o r t h e i n t e r v i e w .
Q u e s t i o n i n g w i l l b e g i n w i t h t h e South A f r i c a n j o u r n a l i s t s .
A f t e r 30 m i n u t e s , you w i l l r i s e , pose f o r photographs w i t h
the j o u r n a l i s t s and d e p a r t .
Attachments
Tab A
Review o f Recent Events i n South A f r i c a
Tab B
Talking Points
Tab C
Messages t o B u t h e l e z i , Mandela and de K l e r k
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
005. paper
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
A Review of Recent Events in South Africa [partial] (1 page)
ca.
04/20/1994
RESTRICTION
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
National Security Council
Press (Philip J. (PJ) Crowley)
OA/Box Number:
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FOLDER TITLE:
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2011-0516-S
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�A REVIEW OF RECENT EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
The Road t o Non-Racial Democracy: South A f r i c a ' s h i s t o r i c
t r a n s i t i o n from apartheid t o n o n - r a c i a l democracy w i l l take a
major step forward w i t h the holding of the nation's f i r s t nonr a c i a l e l e c t i o n s next week, A p r i l 26-28. The e l e c t i o n s take
place more than four years a f t e r the release of Nelson Mandela
from p r i s o n i n February 1990.
I t has been a d i f f i c u l t
t r a n s i t i o n . More than 15,000 deaths have occurred i n p o l i t i c a l
v i o l e n c e since Mandela's release, i n c l u d i n g t r a g i c mass k i l l i n g s
at Bisho, Boipatong and l a t e l a s t month i n Johannesburg. I t i s
a l s o a t r a n s i t i o n marked by great courage and compromise, f o r
which Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk j u s t l y earned t h e i r Nobel
Peace Prizes.
Much of the p r e - e l e c t i o n violence has been r e l a t e d t o the demands
by Chief Buthelezi's Inkatha Freedom Party f o r reserved r i g h t s
f o r the Zulu people. A major stumbling block was removed on
Tuesday when Mandela, Buthelezi and de Klerk agreed t h a t Inkatha
would p a r t i c i p a t e i n the e l e c t i o n s and renounce v i o l e n c e i n
exchange f o r c o n s t i t u t i o n a l assurances on the r o l e of the Zulu
k i n g . This was a major act of statesmanship worthy of p r a i s e .
You wrote t o the three leaders on Tuesday t o c o n g r a t u l a t e them on
t h e i r agreement. I f a l l p a r t i e s l i v e up t o t h e i r commitments,
t h e r e i s now every prospect t h a t the e l e c t i o n s w i l l take place
throughout the country i n r e l a t i v e peace.
E l e c t i o n s : At the Federal l e v e l , a l l p a r t i e s have agreed t h a t
t h e r e w i l l be a Government of National U n i t y i n place f o r f i v e
years f o l l o w i n g the e l e c t i o n , w i t h any p a r t y winning a t l e a s t 5
percent of the vote having the r i g h t t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n the
Cabinet. The r e s u l t s of the e l e c t i o n are not i n doubt. I t i s
assumed the ANC w i l l win between 55 and 65 percent of the vote,
and t h a t Nelson Mandela w i l l t h e r e f o r e be e l e c t e d on May 6 by
Parliament t o become the f i r s t p r e s i d e n t of a n o n - r a c i a l South
Africa.
| The National p a r t y under F.W.
de
^• ••••••••••PS-^
Klerk i s expected t o draw about 20 percent, thus making de Klerk
v i c e president. Other p a r t i e s expected t o be a t about the 5
percent mark are the l e f t i s t Pan A f r i c a n i s t Congress, the r i g h t white Freedom Front, the Inkatha Freedom Party and the l i b e r a l
Democratic Party.
V.;.-.
There are also e l e c t i o n s f o r 9 governors ("premiers") and
l e g i s l a t u r e s f o r States. The ANC i s expected t o win almost a l l
of these, although the race i n the Cape Town r e g i o n w i l l be
close. A major ANC concession during the n e g o t i a t i o n process was
the d e v o l u t i o n of s u b s t a n t i a l powers t o the regions under the new
constitution.
You have asked Reverend Jesse Jackson t o head a d e l e g a t i o n of
e l e c t i o n observers f o r the A p r i l 26-28 p o l l i n g . Also on the
oob
�d e l e g a t i o n w i l l be A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e f o r A f r i c a n
A f f a i r s George Moose.
Our d e l e g a t i o n t o the i n a u g u r a t i o n of t h e new South A f r i c a n
P r e s i d e n t , t o take p l a c e May 10 i n P r e t o r i a , w i l l be headed by
the Vice P r e s i d e n t and w i l l i n c l u d e t h e F i r s t Lady. Places on
the o f f i c i a l d e l e g a t i o n are among the h o t t e s t t i c k e t s i n town.
The Challenge f o r the F i r s t P o s t - A p a r t h e i d Government: The new
South A f r i c a n government w i l l be under tremendous p r e s s u r e t o
meet t h e h i g h e x p e c t a t i o n s of South A f r i c a n b l a c k s f o r new j o b s ,
good houses, q u a l i t y e d u c a t i o n and a v a i l a b l e h e a l t h c a r e .
The
c h a l l e n g e i s d a u n t i n g . Unemployment i n South A f r i c a i s about 45
p e r c e n t o v e r a l l and 50 p e r c e n t f o r b l a c k s . Seven m i l l i o n of
South A f r i c a ' s 40 m i l l i o n people are homeless or l i v i n g i n
s q u a t t e r s camps. A b l a c k c h i l d born i n South A f r i c a has a
g r e a t e r chance of d y i n g b e f o r e h i s Sth b i r t h d a y than of
g r a d u a t i n g from h i g h s c h o o l .
There w i l l be a honeymoon p e r i o d f o r t h e new government and b l a c k
South A f r i c a n s have a remarkable r e p u t a t i o n f o r p a t i e n c e , b u t
t h e y w i l l a l s o want t o see some t a n g i b l e s i g n s t h a t t h e p o l i t i c a l
t r a n s i t i o n has r e a l meaning i n t h e i r own l i v e s as w e l l .
Our Response: We are committed t o a s u c c e s s f u l t r a n s i t i o n i n
South A f r i c a , which i s e s s e n t i a l t o p r o m o t i n g m a r k e t - o r i e n t e d
democracy, s u s t a i n a b l e development and r e g i o n a l s e c u r i t y . What
happens i n South A f r i c a i s v i t a l l y i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e r e g i o n : a
s u c c e s s f u l South A f r i c a can be a p o w e r f u l engine of growth and
s t a b i l i t y t h r o u g h o u t southern A f r i c a and beyond.
We have p r o v i d e d about $420 m i l l i o n i n a s s i s t a n c e over t h e past
decade t o s u p p o r t t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t a p a r t h e i d . I n November
1993, you l i f t e d s a n c t i o n s a g a i n s t South A f r i c a , f i r s t imposed i n
1987 over P r e s i d e n t Reagan's v e t o . You a l s o c a l l e d on s t a t e s and
c i t i e s t o l i f t t h e i r s a n c t i o n s ; 80 p e r c e n t of them have a l r e a d y
l i f t e d them. At t h a t t i m e you announced our i n t e n t i o n t o
assemble a package o f a s s i s t a n c e f o r a new South A f r i c a n
government. S h o r t l y a f t e r the e l e c t i o n , you w i l l u n v e i l a t h r e e year $600 m i l l i o n package o f a s s i s t a n c e d i r e c t e d a t t h r e e areas:
(a) b l a c k p r i v a t e s e c t o r development and j o b c r e a t i o n ; (b) s o c i a l
needs, i n c l u d i n g housing, h e a l t h c a r e , e d u c a t i o n and
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ; and (c) democracy and governance. For t h e f i r s t
t i m e , we w i l l begin t o work t h r o u g h t h e South A f r i c a n government
t o d e f i n e p r i o r i t i e s and channel our r e s o u r c e s .
For t h i s f i s c a l year, the money f o r t h i s program w i l l come
r e l a t i v e l y p a i n l e s s l y from o t h e r A f r i c a n c o u n t r i e s where we were
c l o s i n g o p e r a t i o n s anyway (e.g., Cameroon, Z a i r e ) .
For the next
two y e a r s , we w i l l need t o s h i f t funds from l e s s e r A f r i c a n
priorities.
A number of Members of Congress, i n c l u d i n g the
C o n g r e s s i o n a l Black Caucus, and a c t i v i s t s have w r i t t e n t o arque
�t h a t such f u n d i n g should n o t come from d i v e r s i o n s from t h e
Development Fund f o r A f r i c a . We a r e c o n s i d e r i n g a l t e r n a t i v e
means o f addressing these concerns.
Encouraging t h e P r i v a t e Sector:
B i l a t e r a l t r a d e w i t h South
A f r i c a t o t a l s more than $4 b i l l i o n , w i t h a s u b s t a n t i a l t r a d e
s u r p l u s f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . About 50,000 American j o b s depend
on t h e South A f r i c a n market, and t h e r e i s tremendous new
p o t e n t i a l i f democratic and market r e f o r m succeeds. I n a d d i t i o n .
South A f r i c a can once again become a v e r y a t t r a c t i v e investment
site.
I n t h e mid-1980's, about 300 U.S. companies had i n v e s t e d
almost $3 b i l l i o n i n South A f r i c a .
Today, t h e numbers a r e about
120 companies and about $1 b i l l i o n .
P a r t o f our a s s i s t a n c e
package w i l l i n c l u d e an OPIC program t o i n s u r e U.S. investment i n
South A f r i c a and o t h e r funds t o l e v e r a g e new c a p i t a l . I n
a d d i t i o n , you sent Commerce S e c r e t a r y Brown and OPIC P r e s i d e n t
H a r k i n t o South A f r i c a on h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l t r a d e and investment
missions.
�TALKING POINTS FOR
INTERVIEW ON
SOUTH AFRICA
I'm pleased t o be here today.
As we meet, the dreams of
m i l l i o n s of South A f r i c a n s and Americans are now coming
t r u e : apartheid i s vanishing, three centuries of white
p o l i t i c a l d o m i n a t i o n i n South A f r i c a i s ending and p a r t i e s
are i n the home s t r e t c h of a v i g o r o u s campaign.
Four years ago, when Nelson Mandela walked f r e e a f t e r n e a r l y
t h r e e decades i n p r i s o n , we a l l knew the p a t h o f t r a n s i t i o n
would be t o r t u r o u s . Indeed, more than 15,000 South A f r i c a n s
have d i e d i n senseless v i o l e n c e s i n c e then.
But as a r e s u l t
of the b o l d i n i t i a t i v e s taken by Mandela, P r e s i d e n t de K l e r k
and o t h e r s , South A f r i c a n s now have a t r a n s i t i o n a l
c o n s t i t u t i o n , a b i l l of r i g h t s and an e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s .
Again yesterday (Tuesday), Mandela, de K l e r k and C h i e f
B u t h e l e z i demonstrated g r e a t courage and compromise. I
wrote t o a l l t h r e e t o c o n g r a t u l a t e them on t h e i r agreement
t o end v i o l e n c e and t o work f o r the h o l d i n g of f r e e and f a i r
e l e c t i o n s next week. This a c t i o n bodes w e l l f o r t h e success
of the Government of N a t i o n a l U n i t y t h a t w i l l be e s t a b l i s h e d
i n South A f r i c a .
Obviously, t h e r e are s t i l l t h r e a t s t o the p r o c e s s , b u t I've
been c o n f i d e n t a l l along t h a t e l e c t i o n s w i l l t a k e p l a c e as
scheduled on A p r i l 26-28. We pray they w i l l be p e a c e f u l .
South A f r i c a n s are ready f o r f u l l democracy: t h e y ' v e a l r e a d y
w a i t e d 350 years f o r i t . They're a l s o ready t o s t a r t
t a c k l i n g the r e a l challenges f a c i n g t h e i r n a t i o n : h e a l t h
care, e d u c a t i o n , housing and j o b s . E l e c t i o n s w i l l c o n f e r
l e g i t i m a c y on a Government of N a t i o n a l U n i t y , a l l o w i n g a new
South A f r i c a n government t o take the tough p o l i t i c a l and
economic measures needed t o move the c o u n t r y f o r w a r d .
South A f r i c a n s have p l a y e d t h e key r o l e i n t h i s process of
d e m o c r a t i z a t i o n , b u t I'm proud about our r o l e as w e l l .
Over
t h e past decade, we've p r o v i d e d $420 m i l l i o n t o f i g h t
a p a r t h e i d and p r e p a r e b l a c k South A f r i c a n s t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n
the f u t u r e government and economy. Over the p a s t two years,
we've g i v e n $35 m i l l i o n t o support v o t e r e d u c a t i o n and
t r a i n i n g of e l e c t i o n monitors i n a n t i c i p a t i o n of the
e l e c t i o n s . And we're h e l p i n g reduce v i o l e n c e t h r o u g h the
N a t i o n a l Peace Accords, the Independent E l e c t o r a l
Commission, and t h e U.N. Observer M i s s i o n .
We w i l l be j u s t as a c t i v e i n h e l p i n g South A f r i c a face an
even g r e a t e r c h a l l e n g e :
e s t a b l i s h i n g n o n - r a c i a l democracy
and a d d r e s s i n g r i s i n g e x p e c t a t i o n s .
E l e c t i o n s do not equal
democracy; and democracy does not n e c e s s a r i l y e q u a l
development. E l e c t i o n s are a s t a r t ; democracy can help
development. And what happens a f t e r the e l e c t i o n s w i l l
decide South A f r i c a ' s f u t u r e .
Black South A f r i c a n s -- newlv
�e n f r a n c h i s e d w i t h p o l i t i c a l power -- w i l l want t o see t h a t
power t r a n s l a t e d i n t o new j o b s , decent homes, good s c h o o l s ,
c l e a n water and a v a i l a b l e h e a l t h care.
Compounding these c h a l l e n g e s i s t h e legacy of a p a r t h e i d .
E x c l u d i n g 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n from p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n
the economic l i f e o f South A f r i c a has taken a tremendous
human t o l l t h a t t h r e a t e n s democracy.
Seven m i l l i o n South
A f r i c a n s are homeless or l i v i n g i n s q u a t t e r s v i l l a g e s , o u t
of a p o p u l a t i o n o f 40 m i l l i o n .
There i s 60 p e r c e n t b l a c k
i l l i t e r a c y and n e a r l y 50 p e r c e n t b l a c k unemployment. A
b l a c k c h i l d born i n South A f r i c a has a g r e a t e r chance of
d y i n g b e f o r e h i s o r her 5 t h b i r t h d a y than of g r a d u a t i n g from
high school.
But i f the c h a l l e n g e s f a c i n g South A f r i c a ' s f i r s t n o n - r a c i a l
government are g r e a t , so t o o are t h e c o u n t r y ' s r e s o u r c e s ,
i n c l u d i n g t h e l a r g e s t economy on t h e c o n t i n e n t , a f i r s t c l a s s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e and a w e a l t h o f m i n e r a l r e s o u r c e s .
J u s t as i m p o r t a n t , t h e people of South A f r i c a can draw on
the moral a u t h o r i t y and t h e s t r e n g t h o f purpose having
c h a l l e n g e d an u n j u s t and immoral system, and w i n n i n g .
They w i l l a l s o have t h e s u p p o r t of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l
community.
F o r e i g n investment and e x p e r t i s e w i l l be c r u c i a l
t o c o n s o l i d a t e South A f r i c a ' s t r a n s f o r m a t i o n .
We're doing our p a r t here, t o o . L a s t November, S e c r e t a r y
Brown l e d a h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l t r a d e and investment m i s s i o n
t o South A f r i c a .
L a s t month, OPIC P r e s i d e n t Ruth H a r k i n l e d
a s i m i l a r team t o South A f r i c a t o e x p l o r e investment
o p p o r t u n i t i e s -- t h e y weren't d i s a p p o i n t e d . Both m i s s i o n s
l a i d t h e groundwork f o r U.S. p r i v a t e s e c t o r s u p p o r t f o r
South A f r i c a ' s r e c o v e r y .
A f t e r t h e e l e c t i o n s , I i n t e n d t o announce a l a r g e i n c r e a s e
i n our a s s i s t a n c e t o South A f r i c a .
We w i l l work w i t h a new
South A f r i c a n government and draw our cue from i t s
development p r i o r i t i e s .
At p r e s e n t , we are p l a n n i n g t o
devote new r e s o u r c e s t o d e v e l o p i n g b l a c k p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e ,
t r a d e and i n v e s t m e n t .
We w i l l a l s o s u p p o r t programs t o
address e d u c a t i o n , housing and h e a l t h care, i n c l u d i n g
AIDS/HIV p r e v e n t i o n .
We have s t r e s s e d t o o t h e r donors t h e importance o f expanding
t h e i r a s s i s t a n c e programs. Working w i t h a new South A f r i c a n
government, we would be open t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of a donor's
conference t o enhance and c o o r d i n a t e f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e .
�What happens i n South A f r i c a i s of v i t a l i m p o r t a n c e t o us
all.
South A f r i c a has t h e p o t e n t i a l t o e s t a b l i s h a p o w e r f u l
model f o r d e m o c r a t i c r e f o r m and n a t i o n a l r e c o n c i l i a t i o n .
We w i l l remain committed. The s t r u g g l e f o r freedom and
j u s t i c e i n South A f r i c a has a deep resonance f o r a l l
Americans. I am convinced t h a t the many Americans who have
devoted so much o f t h e i r l i v e s t o t h e s t r u g g l e t o break down
the p i l l a r s of a p a r t h e i d w i l l remain t o h e l p b u i l d t h e nonr a c i a l democracy t h a t w i l l come i n i t s wake.
�TAB
C
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RHEHAAA3203 1100104-UUUU--RUXXWHX RUEHDU RUEHBG RUEHSA RUEHC. ZNR UUUUU
ZZK RUEHDU RUEHBG RUEHSA O 200104Z APR 94 ZFF-1/4 FM: THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DC TO: RUEHDU/AMCONSUL DURBAN N1ACT
RUEHBG/AMCONSUL JOHANNESBURG NIACT
RUEHSA/AMEMBASSY PRETORIA NIACT
INFO: RUEHC/SECSTATE WASH DC
UNCLAS
QQQQ
ACTION ADDRESSEES ARE ASKED TO COORDINATE DELIVERY OF THE ATTACHED
MESSAGES FROM PRESIDENT CLINTON TO STATE PRESIDENT DE KLERK, ANC
PRESIDENT MANDELA AND INKATHA'S CHIEF BUTHELEZI AS SOON AS POSSIBLE,
USING DATE OF APRIL 19, 1994. NO SIGNED ORIGINALS WILL FOLLOW.
WHITE HOUSE REQUESTS CONFIRMATION OF DELIVERY, AFTER WHICH IT
INTENDS TO MAKE TEXT PUBLIC.
BEGIN TEXT:
LETTER TO CHIEF MANGOSUTHU BUTHELEZI
DEAR CHIEF BUTHELEZI:
ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, I WISH TO CONGRATULATE YOU ON YOUR
AGREEMENT WITH PRESIDENT DE KLERK AND ANC PRESIDENT MANDELA TO BRING
YOUR PARTY INTO THE ELECTION PROCESS, TO END VIOLENCE AND TO DO
EVERYTHING IN YOUR POWER TO ENSURE FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS NEXT
WEEK. THROUGHOUT THE HISTORIC PROCESS OF CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA,
LEADERS OF YOUR COUNTRY HAVE SHOWN GREAT COURAGE. TODAY'S AGREEMENT
IS ONE MORE ACT OF COLLECTIVE STATESMANSHIP THAT BODES WELL FOR THE
PROSPECT OF FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND FOR THE
SUCCESS OF THE FUTURE GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY.
WHAT HAPPENS IN SOUTH AFRICA IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO US ALL. SOUTH
AFRICA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ESTABLISH A POWERFUL MODEL FOR
DEMOCRATIC REFORM AND NATIONAL RECONCILIATION. THE UNITED STATES
WILL REMAIN STEADFAST IN ITS SUPPORT FOR SOUTH AFRICA AS IT MAKES
THIS DIFFICULT TRANSITION TO NONRACIAL DEMOCRACY.
SINCERELY,
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
LETTER TO ANC PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA
DEAR MR. MANDELA:
ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, I WISH TO CONGRATULATE YOU ON YOUR
AGREEMENT WITH PRESIDENT DE KLERK AND CHIEF BUTHELEZI TO BRING
INKATHA INTO THE ELECTION PROCESS, TO END VIOLENCE AND TO DO
EVERYTHING IN YOUR POWER TO ENSURE FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS NEXT
WEEK. THROUGHOUT THE HISTORIC PROCESS OF CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA.
LEADERS OF YOUR COUNTRY HAVE SHOWN GREAT COURAGE. TODAY'S AGREEMENT
IS ONE MORE ACT OF COLLECTIVE STATESMANSHIP THAT BODES WELL FOR THE
-
�PROSPECT OF FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND FOR THE
SUCCESS OF THE FUTURE GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY.
WHAT HAPPENS IN SOUTH AFRICA IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO US ALL. SOUTH
AFRICA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ESTABLISH A POWERFUL MODEL FOR
DEMOCRATIC REFORM AND NATIONAL RECONCILIATION. THE UNITED STATES
WILL REMAIN STEADFAST IN ITS SUPPORT FOR SOUTH AFRICA AS IT MAKES
THIS DIFFICULT TRANSITION TO NONRACIAL DEMOCRACY.
SINCERELY,
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
LETTER TO STATE PRESIDENT F. W. DE KLERK
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT:
ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, I WISH TO CONGRATULATE YOU ON YOUR
AGREEMENT WITH ANC PRESIDENT MANDELA AND CHIEF BUTHELEZI TO BRING
INKATHA INTO THE ELECTION PROCESS, TO END VIOLENCE AND TO DO
EVERYTHING IN YOUR POWER TO ENSURE FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS NEXT
WEEK. THROUGHOUT THE HISTORIC PROCESS OF CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA,
LEADERS OF YOUR COUNTRY HAVE SHOWN GREAT COURAGE. TODAY'S AGREEMENT
IS ONE MORE ACT OF COLLECTIVE STATESMANSHIP THAT BODES WELL FOR THE
PROSPECT OF FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA'AND FOR THE
SUCCESS OF THE FUTURE GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY.
WHAT HAPPENS IN SOUTH AFRICA IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO US ALL. SOUTH
AFRICA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ESTABLISH A POWERFUL MODEL FOR
DEMOCRATIC REFORM AND NATIONAL RECONCILIATION. THE UNITED STATES
WILL REMAIN STEADFAST IN ITS SUPPORT FOR SOUTH AFRICA AS IT MAKES
THIS DIFFICULT TRANSITION TO NONRACIAL DEMOCRACY.
SINCERELY,
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
END TEXT
BT
#3203
NNNN
�
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Office of Press and Communications - Philip J. “P.J.” Crowley
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National Security Council
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36076">Collection Finding Aid</a>
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2011-0516-S
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This collection consists of White House press releases from the files of P.J. Crowley. Crowley served as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director of Public Affairs the National Security Council from 1997–1999. The press releases are arranged by subject or, as in the case of the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, by date.
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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370 folders in 33 boxes
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South Africa [1]
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Philip "PJ" Crowley
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7585702
42-t-7585702-20110516s-013-011-2015
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Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System
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