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A n Imperat
for A m e r i c a n
U.S. Department of State
October 1997
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The upcoming Congressional decision
on Fast Track authority will determine
whether the United States will be able
to continue to open markets and shape
international trade patterns to
America's advantage. The United
States must sustain its half century of
leadership on behalf of an increasingly
open global trading system because it
is in our clear economic interest to do
so.
War -- binding nations together in a
virtuous circle of prosperity with a
common stake in stability.
.It (Fast Track) is about more J
economics. It's about whether other
countries will continue to look to the
United States to lead to a future ofpeace
andfreedom and prosperity..."
Presiient William J Clinton
Exports are an increasingly
important component of U.S. job
growth. In the last four years, exports
have accounted for one out of every
three jobs created in the U.S. economy.
The United States must continue to
open markets and expand export
opportumties abroad in order to create
jobs and sustain prosperity at home.
Following the Second World
War, a generation of American leaders
from both parties recognized the need
to contain Soviet expansionism and to
recast a world economy which had
been shattered by two decades of
depression and war.
They had the foresight and
political courage to forge alliances such
Fast Track: More than Dollars and
as NATO, institutions such as the
Cents...
World Bank, and initiatives such as the
Marshall Plan to defend freedom and
Fast Track is also a foreign
build prosperity. Their determination
policy imperative
set the stage for an
for the United
MM^^^MMMMM
unprecedented era of
States. As the sole
economic growth
Fast Track: What is U?...the authority
remaining
which has raised
•which Congress grams the President to
superpower, the
living standards in the
negotiate trade agreements. Congress
United States has a
United States and
may accept or reject a trade pact but not
fundamental
around the world.
amend.,.that's important because our
interest in
trading partners won't negotiate twice:
enhancing security
The choices we
first with the President and then with the
and prosperity
make today have the
Congress.
around the world.
same potential to
The trade
determine our future in
Why do we need it?...topursue market
agreements of the
the next half-century.
opening agreements in the WTO...to open Passing Fast Track
post-Cold War era
will be equivalent— "" iip key' sectdrii ghlwliy in which we're
will signal to the world
to the security
~ ~'~c6Wpeiiiive...'to erifer info regional
that the United Statespacts of the Cold " '^^eemehlswiihfmeyging
economies....
will continue to exert
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leadership on behalf of an open global
economy while defending its basic
national interests. The alternative
course would be to cower, not
compete; to withdraw, not engage.
"...Fast Track is about more than dollars
and cents; it is a foreign policy
imperative. It is indispensable to U.S.
economic leadership and that leadership
is indispensable 1o U.S. influence around
the globe..."
: Seamry of Stale Madeleine Albright
Even if we fail to participate in shaping
the global trading system, we will
nevertheless be shaped by it. Thus, it
is in our clear interest to lead.
American Leadership is not Divisible
In the Asia-Pacific region, our
efforts to expand investment and trade
have helped to deepen understanding
among our partners of their shared
stake in security.
In Europe, economic integration
is a major contributor to our strategic
goal of a continent that is becoming for the first time in history — wholly
united, wholly at peace and fully free.
In Latin America and the
Caribbean, U.S. trade initiatives are a
vital part of a larger process of
cooperation that includes working
together to fight narcotics trafficking,
crime, environmental destruction,
illegal immigration and other threats to
the well-being of our citizens.
Defeating Fast Track would
undermine American leadership and
interests in this hemisphere — at a time
when opportunities for progress are
greater than ever. By contrast,
successful negotiations for a Free
Trade Area of the Americas would
bring us much closer to realizing
President Clinton's vision of a
hemisphere united by shared values
and interests from Alaska to Patagonia.
If we fail to lead on trade, our
influence with key countries and
regions around the world — especially
those with rapidly emerging markets —
will be diminished. The United States
has strong national interests in
working with other countries to
eradicate drugs, stop the spread of
weapons of mass destruction, and
clean up environmental pollution
around the world.
The United States: Well-Positioned
for the New Global Economy
If the United States fails to
engage with other countries as a
leader on economic issues, it will be
more difficult to lead in other critical
areas. Thus, strong economic ties are
the foundation for cooperation on other
matters of direct importance to =
"
America's interests. "
'
The United States is wellpositioned to succeed in a more
economically integrated world. Our
economy — now blessed with the
lowest combined rates of
unemployment and inflation since the
'1960s— is the most productive and
competitive in the world. The
12] 004
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President, working with the Congress
on a bipartisan basis, has helped to put
the U.S. economy on its strongest
footing in three decades. We have cut
the deficit and put a balanced budget
within reach, while preparing
Americans to adapt to change by
investing in education and training.
The President also has worked
aggressively to open markets abroad,
concluding 230 trade agreements
including the NAFTA, the world's
largest regional free trade area, and the
Uruguay Round, the most far-reaching
trade agreement in history.
During the past four years, onethird of our economic growth has come
from increased exports as we have
enjoyed an unprecedented boom in
trade. At the same time, imports have
contributed to the economy by holding
down inflation, providing greater
choice to consumers, and imposing a
constant incentive to raise our
productivity and enhance our
competitiveness.
For the sixth year in a row, the
United States has been the number one
exporting nation in the world, and
continues to strengthen its position as
the global leader in key sectors such as
agriculture, services, and high
technology.
Over the past four years,
exports have created 1.7 million new
American jobs; the jobs of about 11
million Americans now depend on
exports of goods and services: These jobs tend to be higher^ payingtHanthose not related to exports. But to -
continue this trend, the United States
must open even more markets abroad.
Without Fast Track our negotiators'
hands will be tied, our options limited,
and our opportunities diminished.
The United States Needs the Right
Tools to Open Markets
To continue creating good jobs
from exports the United States must
have the tools to negotiate further
market-opening trade deals.
"... Congressional passage of Fast Track is
deeply in our national interest..! was the
first president to have this negotiating
authority arid every president since me has
used Fast Track to open markets for
American products—Congress should
expeditiously approve Fast Track on a
bipartisan basis..."
Former President Oerald R. Ford
The United States needs Fast
Track authority to be effective in
upcoming major World Trade
Organization (WTO) negotiations on
agriculture, intellectual property
rights, and services -- areas where the
United States is a world leader. Fast
Track is indispensable if this nation is
to be instrumental in helping write
these rules of trade.
The United States also stands to
make considerable gains by pursuing
sectoral initiiatives that open ^up or
create hew opportunities for U.S." "
companies, workers and consumers.
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The most recent example is the
Information Technology Agreement
(ITA), which will produce an estimated
$5 billion annual reduction in tariffs on
American computers and related
equipment.
Despite the openness of our own
market to imports, too many other
markets still remain closed to our
exports, American workers stand to
gain from new market-opening trade
agreements which will require far more
from our trading partners than from us.
For example, under NAFTA,
Mexico is lowering its tariffs five times
as much as we are. Similarly, a Free
Trade Area of the Americas would give
a major boost to U.S. exports to Latin
America, where average tariffs on
industrial goods are four times higher
than ours.
Latin America represents a
market of more than half a billion
consumers, with growing middle
classes whose rising incomes are
increasingly spent on U.S. goods and
services - despite high tariffs or other
trade barriers.
If we are successful in creating a
free trade area, billions of dollars in
tariffs as well as other barriers on U.S.
exports will be removed. As Latin
Americans purchase more from the
United States, our economic growth
will be enhanced, and more highpaying jobs will be created.
As we move closer to the. Asia f
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
forum goal of establishing free and
open trade, market-opening
agreements with key economies and
sectors in Asia would help U.S.
exporters gain further access in this
highly competitive and fast growing
market.
U.S. Exports to Latin America
(including Mexico)
1980
1992
1994
199S
Cost of Inaction
Failure to move ahead on Fast
Track would not only eliminate our
most effective tool for opening foreign
markets, but would have damaging
consequences for U.S. interests as
other nations move forward with plans
for preferential trade agreements while
the United States sits on the sidelines.
Already trade agreements are
being concluded without our imprint or
involvement - more than 20 trade
agreements signed in the Western
Hemisphere and in Asia since 1992
have excluded theUnifed States. The_
European Union recently announced its
intent to negotiate, by 1999,-a free
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trade agreement with Mercosur, the
growing regional bloc of four nations in
South America, including the two
largest economies - Brazil and
Argentina. Our negotiations in the
FTAA will not even begin until 1998.
Between 1993 and 1996,
Mercosur imports from the United
States increased by an impressive 72
percent, but the imports from the EU
grew even faster at 104 percent.
Rejecting Fast Track would be
the equivalent of raising a white flag in
this battle. The United States would
concede important markets to others not because of the quality of our
products nor because of the
competitive edge of our firms, but
simply because of the failure of our
political resolve. Without the authority
to negotiate, American exporters will
have to pay higher tariffs, and thus lose
Mercosur Imports from U.S. & EU
1893
European Union
1996
Q
United Stated
Source: IntcrMltonal MonetaryJFuBd
EU Outpaces US. in Mercosur Market
their competitive edge.
European countries have been
quick to understand the dynamics of
the new global marketplace. Rather
"... We are stomping all over their
backyardjust as they have done over
ours for the last 50 years..."
Peter Guilford. European Union trade spokesman.
quoted in the Wall Slnei Journal
about Europe's forays in Latin American maricets
than agonize over the risks posed by
expanded trade, they have recognized
that a reciprocal free trade agreement
with Mercosur would give theirfirmsa
decisive leg up on their American
competitors.
Fast Track permits the President
to advance our commercial and foreign
policy interests across the Americas,
enabling U.S. workers to compete in
the global economy. The current
situation in Chile serves as a warning
of what might happen to the U.S.
competitive position in Latin America if
the United States does not enter into
meaningful negotiations.
Every major economy in this
hemisphere ~ with the exception of the
United States - has gained duty free
access to the Chilean market. This is
putting U.S. workers at a competitive
disadvantage as American companies
in textiles, construction equipment,
and other sectors have lost sales. Fast
-Track will level the playingfieldfor
U.S. exporters in thaTgrowth market
and in many others in this hemisphere.
12)007
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Fast Track: Furthering of U.S. Goals
Abroad
the ability of governments to sustain
the difficult march toward reforms and
greater openness.
For decades. U.S. Presidents
from both parties have encouraged
It is in America's interest for
developing countries and countries-inleaders around the world to open
transition to prosper and build strong
markets, to privatize state-run
democratic institutions. Sustained
enterprises, and to unleash the
economic growth, and the opening of
entrepreneurial spirit of their citizens.
markets abroad
During the past
contribute to rising
decade, more and
The Cost of Inaction; Massachusettsincomes, growing
more countries have
middle classes, and
based Quaker Fabric Company — which
begun to follow the
employs 1750 workers — recently lost an stronger democratic
path toward
institutions.
economic and
opportunity for new sales of $1.8 million
political openness.
annually in Chile. Because of Chile's
Markettrade pact with Mexico, a Mexican
opening trade pacts
competitor was able to supply a Chilean
Today, for the
reinforce our efforts
first time ever, every
customer tariff-fret. Quaker's goods are
to create a common
Latin American
assessed Chile's 11% tariff because the
global stake i n
country except Cuba
United States - without Fast Track freedom, stability,
is democratic. In
has not been able to reach such a deal
and prosperity.
Eastern Europe,
wilhChUe.
They knit together
countries once
countries whose
under Soviet control
prosperity depends
have made
upon each other, creating a mutual
considerable progress toward
commitment to preserving peace and
establishing democratic government
stability.
and market economies. Similar trends
toward democracy also are occurring in
East Asia.
Labor, the Environment and Trade
The United States cannot take
for granted the current trend toward
democratic governments and free
market economics in these emerging
market countries. If the United States
fails to pass Fast Track, it will
embolden opponents of economic
reform throughout the world who
believe that market forces are to be
feared and avoided. We would be seen
as abandoning the veiypririciples^ we have so long espoused, undermining -
Further delay i n granting Fast
Track authority not only will diminish
our global economic opportunities and
leadership, but it also will deny the
President a tool that can help improve
labor and environmental standards
around the world.
Expanded trade is fully
compatible with improving worker
rights and increasing environmental
protection. A t home, jobs related to
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exports pay more than others. Abroad,
expanded trade helps develop higher
living standards and wages, creating
middle class consumers more able to
buy U.S. products and more sensitive
to environmental degradation.
Trade and economic growth also
promote good governance i n the
developing world and the former
Communist states. As economies
prosper, respect for civil and human
rights improves, and citizens demand a
greater voice in making decisions.
Addressing labor and
environmental issues in a trade context
has been complex and controversial.
The United States cannot negotiate
another country's wage levels or
environmental standards anymore than
the United States would permit them to
determine our own. Raising the
world's consciousness about the
environment and good labor practices
is a gradual process, requiring
perseverance and commitment. The
effort is one to which the United States
remains committed.
U.S. influence on labor and
environmental issues certainly w i l l be
greater if the United States can build
economic relationships where our
partners have a vested stake in close
cooperation with the United States.
Furthermore, by helping build middle
classes and enhancing prosperity in
every region, trade agreements can
help lift labor and environmental
standards worldwide.
Despite difficult obstacles, the
Administration has made significant
progress in obtaining commitments on
core labor standards internationally
and improving living standards for
workers around the world. If the
United States refuses to sit down at the
table when international trading rules
are being negotiated, the United States
will have less - rather than more -influence in setting international
standards in other areas, thereby
diminishing our ability to make positive
change.
President Clinton negotiated the
first trade agreement to include explicit
environmental provisions. The NAFTA
environmental side agreement has
strengthened cooperation among U.S.,
Canadian, and Mexican officials on a
broad range of environmental issues
and has helped improve enforcement of
Mexico's domestic environmental laws.
The President has also fought for and
won important advances on the
environment on the World Trade
Organization (WTO), including the
establishment of a permanent WTO
forum to address the link between
trade and the environment.
Preserving America's Global
Leadership
At stake in the vote on Fast
Track is nothing less than America's
continuing willingness to engage and
lead. Passing Fast Track will reaffirm
America's global leadership -- political
and economic - and it will reinforce
post-Cold War progress toward peace
and stability. That is why all former
Secretaries of State, as well as
Presidents Carter, Ford, and Bush,
support Fast Track.
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When the United States
progresses on the international
economic front, it progresses on all
fronts. A growing, prosperous world is
less prone to conflict and thus more
likely to cooperate on numerous issues.
"..^Renewal of Fast Track Authority is
^seen as a litmus test By leaders around
the world of the United States' intention
to maintain its leadership role. Should
\wefalter, other countries would be
quick to fill the void..."
'. Former Secretaries of State Chriitopher,
Baker;Eaeleburgcr, Shultz,:H'ug.'KiainBcr. Vance
Nations that have embraced economic
reform are more likely to move ahead
with political reform. And as history
informs us, prosperity is a parent to
peace.
With Fast Track negotiating
authority and continued American
leadership, the United States can
shape the global economy and support
basic principles of democracy, open
markets, law, and a commitment to
peace. In doing so, the United States
can ensure that our economy will
continue to grow, our workers will
have access to better jobs, and our
influence will be felt wherever U.S.
interests are at stake.
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®
U . S . DEPARTMENT OF STATE
O f f i c e o f t h e Spokesman
For I m m e d i a t e R e l e a s e
(As p r e p a r e d f o r d e l i v e r y )
October 23,
1997
REMARKS BY
SECRETARY OF STATE MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT
AT
A JOINT APPEARANCE WITH TREASURY SECRETARY RUBIN
AT THE U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
Washington,
D.C.
October 23, 1997
Fast Track Trade N e g o t i a t i n g A u t h o r i t y
Thank you, Mr. Donohue and good a f t e r n o o n t o you a l l .
I am pleased t o be here, along w i t h S e c r e t a r y Rubin, t o discuss
what I c o n s i d e r t o be t h e s i n g l e most i m p o r t a n t f o r e i g n p o l i c y
d e c i s i o n Congress w i l l make t h i s year.
That d e c i s i o n i s whether
to approve t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s request f o r renewal o f
t r a d i t i o n a l f a s t t r a c k trade negotiating a u t h o r i t y f o r the
President.
This v o t e w i l l s i g n a l t o a w a t c h f u l w o r l d whether America i s
approaching t h e end o f t h e c e n t u r y w i t h w e l l - d e s e r v e d confidence
and p r i d e ; o r whether our deeper wish i s t o s h r i n k from t h e
center stage o f w o r l d a f f a i r s .
This a f t e r n o o n , I would l i k e t o e x p l a i n why I f e e l so s t r o n g l y
about t h i s i s s u e . I a l s o want t o mention a t t h e o u t s e t t h a t
those o f us who f a v o r f a s t t r a c k must r e a l i z e t h a t we face a
determined o p p o s i t i o n , i n s p i r e d by high-minded g o a l s , going a l l
out t o make i t s case. I f we are t o p r e v a i l , as we must f o r t h e
good o f o u r c o u n t r y , we must respond s e r i o u s l y t o t h e s e r i o u s
concerns o f o u r c r i t i c s ; and we, t o o , must go a l l o u t t o w i n .
Since t a k i n g o f f i c e , I have s t r e s s e d my b e l i e f t h a t t h e United
States has an h i s t o r i c o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e l p b r i n g t h e w o r l d c l o s e r
t o g e t h e r around b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s o f democracy, open markets, law
and a commitment t o peace.
I f we s e i z e t h i s _ o p p o r t u n i t y , we can ensure t h a t o u r economy w i l l
continue t o grow, our workers w i l l have access t o b e t t e r j o b s ,
and our l e a d e r s h i p w i l l be f e l t wherever. U.S. i n t e r e s t s are
engaged.
'
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2
We w i l l a l s o f u e l an expanding g l o b a l economy and g i v e more
c o u n t r i e s a stake i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l system, t h e r e b y denying
nourishment t o the f o r c e s of e x t r e m i s t v i o l e n c e t h a t f e e d on
d e p r i v a t i o n across our p l a n e t .
As Secretary Rubin w i l l e x p l a i n i n g r e a t e r d e t a i l , t h e
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s e f f o r t s t o promote t h e cause o f open t r a d e and
open economies has done much t o f u e l t h e remarkable p e r i o d of
sustained economic g r o w t h we have enjoyed these past f i v e years.
But i f we are t o c o n t i n u e up t h i s l a d d e r , Congress must say
to f a s t t r a c k .
"yes"
There are many opposed t o t h i s step.
They argue t h a t f r e e t r a d e
creates a b i d d i n g war i n which f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s compete by
l o w e r i n g l a b o r and e n v i r o n m e n t a l standards, thereby l u r i n g
U.S.
f a c t o r i e s and j o b s o f f s h o r e .
But the t r u t h i s t h a t we a l r e a d y have f r e e t r a d e .
Unfortunately,
t h a t freedom tends t o run one way.
On the average, U.S.
tariffs
are f a r lower t h a n t h o s e of o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . This means t h a t ,
when we reach a f r e e t r a d e agreement, the other c o u n t r y has t o
cut t a r i f f s by more t h a n we do.
That's not o n l y f r e e t r a d e t h a t ' s f a i r t r a d e — a n d t h a t ' s good f o r America.
Another f l a w i n t h e r a t i o n a l e of f a s t t r a c k opponents i s t h a t
v o t i n g down f a s t t r a c k won't accomplish a n y t h i n g f o r American
workers. I t won't r e s u l t i n higher l a b o r standards overseas. I t
won't r e s u l t i n h i g h e r environmental standards.
These are issues
t h a t can o n l y be d e a l t w i t h through i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n and
negotiation.
The best course f o r our n a t i o n i s n o t t o curse g l o b a l i z a t i o n ,
t o shape i t . Because we have the w o r l d ' s most c o m p e t i t i v e
economy and i t s most p r o d u c t i v e w o r k f o r c e , we are b e t t e r
p o s i t i o n e d than any o t h e r n a t i o n t o do so.
but
Both the proponents and opponents o f f a s t t r a c k want a s t r o n g
American economy t h a t c r e a t e s good j o b s and r i s i n g s t a n d a r d s of
l i v i n g f o r our p e o p l e .
But we, who support f a s t t r a c k , do n o t b e l i e v e t h a t c o n t i n u e d
economic growth w i l l j u s t happen. We b e l i e v e i t must be helped
along by t r a d e agreements t h a t lower t a r i f f s and. c r e a t e access t o
new markets . ' •
•
.::;
:
..
..
-•
/- .
Opponents o f f a s t t r a c k appear t o suggest t h a t we w i l l be b e t t e r
o f f i f we leave t h e business of n e g o t i a t i n g t r a d e agreements t o
o t h e r s . But i t i s h a r d t o see how.
�10/28/97
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3
As o t h e r s f o r g e agreements and expand t r a d e , we w i l l face
b a r r i e r s , i n c l u d i n g h i g h e r t a r i f f s , t h a t our c o m p e t i t o r s do n o t .
That's l i k e t r y i n g t o run t h e bases i n the World S e r i e s w i t h t h e
f i e l d t i l t e d u p h i l l a g a i n s t us.
I was d i s t u r b e d — a s I b e l i e v e a l l Americans s h o u l d b e - - t o l e a r n
of a s e n i o r European o f f i c i a l b o a s t i n g r e c e n t l y about Europe's
expanded t r a d e w i t h South America, and saying t h a t "We are
stomping a l l over" America's "backyard."
That i s unacceptable,
b u t i t i s what happens when t h e U n i t e d States engages i n
u n i l a t e r a l disarmament on t r a d e .
The a u t h o r i t y f o r a P r e s i d e n t t o n e g o t i a t e t a r i f f r e d u c t i o n s goes
back t o F r a n k l i n Roosevelt's f i r s t term, when h i s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
sought t o reduce the damage caused by the Smoot-Hawley Act.
Fast
t r a c k , i t s e l f , has been a v a i l a b l e and used t o America's economic
b e n e f i t by every P r e s i d e n t f o r t h e p a s t two decades.
But t h e c u r r e n t debate i s about more than d o l l a r s and c e n t s ; f a s t
track i s a foreign policy imperative. I t i s indispensable t o
U.S. economic l e a d e r s h i p and t h a t l e a d e r s h i p i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e t o
U.S. i n f l u e n c e around the g l o b e .
American p r e s t i g e i s n o t d i v i s i b l e .
I f we want o u r views and
i n t e r e s t s respected, we cannot s i t on the s i d e l i n e s w i t h a t o w e l
over our heads w h i l e o t h e r s make t h e t r a d e and investment p l a y s
t h a t w i l l determine t h e economic s t a n d i n g s o f t h e t w e n t y - f i r s t
century.
I n many c a p i t a l s , i f we have n o t h i n g t o say on t r a d e , we w i l l
f i n d i t harder t o have p r o d u c t i v e d i s c u s s i o n s on o t h e r issues o f
d i r e c t importance t o American i n t e r e s t s .
T h i s was brought home t o me, y e t a g a i n , d u r i n g my t r i p s w i t h t h e
P r e s i d e n t t h i s year t o South and C e n t r a l America and t h e
Caribbean. Here, our i n i t i a t i v e s on t r a d e are a v i t a l p a r t o f a
l a r g e r process o f c o o p e r a t i o n t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t
n a r c o t i c s t r a f f i c k i n g , crime, p o l l u t i o n , i l l e g a l i m m i g r a t i o n and
o t h e r t h r e a t s t o the w e l l - b e i n g o f o u r c i t i z e n s .
We should not f o r g e t t h a t f o r decades d u r i n g t h e Cold War, we
Americans spread the gospel o f c o m p e t i t i o n , f r e e e n t e r p r i s e and
open markets. Today, people and"governments almost"everywhere
are c o n v e r t i n g t o t h a t f a i t h .
3
�10.-28-'97 TIT 16:48 FAX 2026473655
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E
4
This t r e n d i s paying o f f i n t h e emergence o f l a r g e , educated
middle c l a s s e s i n many d e v e l o p i n g n a t i o n s , l e a d i n g i n t u r n t o new
pressure f o r decent wages, e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n and g r e a t e r
democracy. But make no mistake, people around t h e w o r l d w i l l be
watching t h e f a s t t r a c k debate c l o s e l y t o see whether Americans
w i l l c o n t i n u e t o p r a c t i c e what we have so l o n g preached.
As we p l a n f o r t h e f u t u r e , we cannot s i m p l y assume t h a t t h e
c u r r e n t democratic t r e n d s w i l l c o n t i n u e .
I f we f a i l t o approve
f a s t t r a c k , we w i l l embolden opponents o f economic r e f o r m
throughout t h e w o r l d . We w i l l send t h e message t h a t market
freedom i s t o be f e a r e d and avoided.
R e j e c t i o n o f f a s t t r a c k c o u l d set i n m o t i o n a c h a i n r e a c t i o n o f
p r o t e c t i o n i s m t h a t would endanger our economic f u t u r e and h a l t
the spread o f p o l i t i c a l freedom.
I f Congress approves f a s t t r a c k , our c o m p e t i t i v e economy and
s k i l l e d w o r k f o r c e should ensure t h a t t h e p r o s p e r i t y we have
enjoyed i n r e c e n t years w i l l be s u s t a i n e d .
But i f Congress votes f a s t t r a c k down, we w i l l s u f f e r a major
setback t o o u r economic f u t u r e and a damaging and s e l f - i n f l i c t e d
blow t o American i n f l u e n c e .
That i s why I have j o i n e d every l i v i n g former S e c r e t a r y o f State
i n a s k i n g Congress t o be t r u e t o America's own p h i l o s o p h y , t o
approve f a s t t r a c k and t o pave the way f o r c o n t i n u e d p r o s p e r i t y
at home and l e a d e r s h i p abroad.
For more than h a l f a c e n t u r y , t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s has played the
l e a d i n g r o l e w i t h i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l system, n o t as s o l e a r b i t e r
of r i g h t and wrong, f o r t h a t i s a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i d e l y shared,
but as p a t h f i n d e r - as t h e n a t i o n a b l e t o show t h e way when
o t h e r s cannot.
Our predecessors had t h e f o r e s i g h t t o f o r g e a l l i a n c e s such as
NATO, i n s t i t u t i o n s such as t h e World Bank and i n i t i a t i v e s such as
the M a r s h a l l Plan t o defend freedom and b u i l d p r o s p e r i t y . They
d i d so on a b i p a r t i s a n b a s i s .
Today, under P r e s i d e n t C l i n t o n , we are c o n s t r u c t i n g a new
framework t o address the c h a l l e n g e s o f o u r t i m e , based on
p r i n c i p l e s t h a t w i l l endure f o r a l l t i m e .
This Saturday, on the f a r s i d e o f m i d n i g h t , those who yearn f o r
days gone by w i l l c e l e b r a t e t h e o n l y r e a l o p p o r t u n i t y they have
t h i s year t o t u r n back the c l o c k .
0 1 4
�10,28,87
TUE 16:48 FAX 2026473655
OUTREACH UNIT
The r e s t o f us w i l l use t h e e x t r a hour d a y l i g h t s a v i n g s t i m e
p r o v i d e s t o prepare--whether t h r o u g h sleep or s t u d y - - f o r t h e
future.
The.United
States i s n o t a slow t r a c k s o c i e t y .
We have a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n our t i m e , as our predecessors had. i n
t h e i r s , n o t t o be p r i s o n e r s o f h i s t o r y , b u t t o shape h i s t o r y . To
l o o k ahead. To harness, n o t h i d e from, t h e winds o f change. And
t o use every means a t o u r d i s p o s a l t o b u i l d a b e t t e r w o r l d f o r
our c h i l d r e n , and f o r g e n e r a t i o n s t o come.
Thank you v e r y much.
And now, I would l i k e t o i n t r o d u c e t o you, t h e S e c r e t a r y o f t h e
Treasury, Robert Rubin.
###
®
0 i :
�10/28/97 TUE 17:24 FAX 2024567929
2i:S3 OCT 23- 1997
-"•--O.LSIO
TD:202^7959
/"^.sr TW/ICA' NEWS NOTES
Number IV. October 23, 1997
Secretary Aihright and Secretary R u b i n Highlight
Foreign Policy and Tnrnortance of F a s t T r a c k
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright made the following remarks today about fas: track at an
event sponsored by the l/nited States Chamber of Commerce:
"This ffast trackl vote will signal to a watchful world whether America is approaching the end of
the century with well-deserved confidence and pride; or whether oar deeper wish is to shrink trom
the center stage of world affairs...
"The best course for oui nation is not to curse globalization, but to shape it Because we have the
world's most compctiliYC economy and its most productive workforce, wc ere better positioned
than any other nation to do so...
" The current debate is about more than dollars and cents; fast track is a foreign policy imperative.
Tt is indispensable lu U.S. economic leadership and that leadership is indispensable to U.S.
influence around the globe...
"Rejection of fast track could set in motion a chain reaction of protectionism that would endanger
our economic tliturc and halt the spread of political freedom."
Secrctjiry of the Treasury Robert Rubin reinforced the imponance of fast track at the same event
with the following comments:
"We ere now at a crossroads with respect to the strategy of opening up markets around the globe
The question before Congress is whether to grant the President fast track so that we can continue
to open markets, expand trade and raise standards of living here at home; or to refuse to grant the
President such authority and watch as U.S. workers and businesses lose out in access to the
opportunities in the global economy. Without fast track no nation will cntta into a serious
negotiation with the United States, because of concern that the agreement will be revamped
during the Congressional process, and our economic interests will suffer.
"There is a vital point here about which We must be clear. Countries around the world are
moving ahead to expand agreements with cfceh other. There is no question this is going to
continue The only question is whether wc will be on the inside and benefiting, or on the outside
looking in...
"Make no mistake: Fast track is about more than one trade agreement or a set of trade
agreements It is about U.S. leadership in the growing global economy, promoting open markets
and trade increases our exports, ss well as overall prosperity around the world, creating new
markets for our products while promoting greater international stability."
IgoOS
POGE-K?
�Neil Comstock
Treasury
about Ftrack
622-0064
£
^
<f~y as
^
J)
alternative sentence:
something like:
Track is the key to US leadership in the world economy and now is not a [the] time to raise
questions about US leadership.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
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DATE
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10/24/97
RESTRICTION
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Speechwriting
Lowell Weiss
OA/Box Number:
17192
FOLDER TITLE:
International Markets
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PI
P2
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b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIAj
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIAj
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIAj
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIAj
National Security Classified Information |(a)(l) of the PRA|
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA|
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA|
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA|
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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Speechwriting
Lowell Weiss
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FOLDER TITLE:
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Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information |(a)(l) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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10/14/97
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Speechwriting
Lowell Weiss
OA/Box Number:
17192
FOLDER TITLE:
International Markets
2006-0470-F
wr574
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act - |5 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA)
National Security Classified Information |(a)(l) of the PRA|
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA|
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA|
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�But despite these important measures, there are some who oppose
authority
because they want to prescribe what has to be in a trade agreement<€ven before I negotiatelT) And
we have heard their dire predictions before. Remember the "giant sucking sound" some critics
warned us about several years ago? Well, the only sound I've heard is the sound of a robust
economy humming along, creating more than 13 pillion new jobs. In the past two months alone,
America has created more jobs than even the gloomiest critic claims we lost due to NAFTA over the
past four years, [possible Halloween line here]
^
^ /
M - JI si
1
Others want to delay fast track authority hprnKtr thpy appgrpttriy-^W^t thj k T hayf pnr" ^
jd&fcr But walking away from this opportunity wjHnot create or save a single job. It will not keep a
single child in another country out of a sweat shop. It will not clean up a single toxic site in another
nation. Turning away will not expand our economy, enhance our competitiveness, empower our
workers. It will give away markets and jobs^/^vvill jeopardize America's preeminent positionin the world at a time when -- as we have seen this week on the financial markets ~ other
nations are looking to us more than ever forfinancialstrength, stability, and leadership.
n
I have recently received letters from former Presidents Bush, Carter, and
Ford,^^f^/their
strong support for Congressional approval of fast track authority. All three former Presidents
strongly believe, as I do, that this legislation is in our clearest national interest. They recognize that
the vote over fast track is seen around the world as a litmus test of American leadership ~ and not
just on matters of trade. A vote against fast track
also signal an American default on its
,
leadership role in foreign policy and security matters as well. Fast track is about more than
economics. It's about whether other countries will bontinue to look to the United States to lead to a
future ofgeace and freedom and prosperity.
\^
^^
$
mierica faces a critical choice ~ and members of Congress face a crucial vote. We can rise
challenges of the future, write the trade rules, and continue America's remarkable economic
rowth — or we can turn our back on the world and fail to compete for new markets, new contracts,
new business, and new jobs. The choice is that stark — and that important. And ymi cnn mnkr il .
difference. Members of Congress are fighting off severe pressure from powerful interest groups that
want them vote "no" on fast track. I believe a "no" vote reflects a short-sighted, backward-looking
vision of America, and if you agree with me, you must write yourTcprcscntatives in Washington
aiid-make-yeur-voice-hear.d.rMake it clear to your representatives that you will support them if they
take this courageous stand for America's long-term prosperity.
Over the past four and a half years, our three-part strategy for security and growth has
worked even better than we had hoped. We have reduced the deficit to the lowest level since the
early 1970s. We have invested in our people, with historic new commitments to the education and
health of all Americans. And we have raised American living standards by opening new markets to
quality American goods and services. Thanks to this strategy and the hard work of the American
people, we stand poised at the threshold of a new century stronger than ever before. America must
not retreat on the strategy that has brought us to this place of promise. America must not returnto a
mindset-rooted in the past. Instead, America must move forward on all three of th^ntertwinecT
"of our strategy. And as you are doing here in West Palm Beach, America must boldly sieze
e opportunities of the future.
-3-
�Clinton Hits
'Fast-Track'
^Opponents
President Makes Vow
'To Fight Every Day'
By John F.Harris
Wnhiflftoo Foil SolfWriter
Laying bare hisfrustrationwith
many fellow Democrats, President
Clinton complained that lawmakers
who want to limit his power to negotiate trade agreements are pursuing
an "America-last strategy" that is
rooted in ignorance of the new inter-
eo o y
cnm.
^
"For the life of me, I can't figurtv
out why anybody in the wide world \
believes it will create jobs for us to
stay out of markets that other people
are in, when we can win the competitive wars," Clinton complained___
--Jlicjrcoidont 'was-SpeaEngto a
friendly audience—the centrist
gmoeuTcmoui-HUTtits
Democratic Lttdership Council,
which supports His bid to win "fast- Speaking at the annual conference of the Democratic Leadership Council, President Clinton said lawmakers who want
track" trading aufcority—but his re- to limit his power to negotiate trade agreements are pursuing an " Amerlca4ast strategy."
marks were the bluntest criticism he
has made of others in his party who criticism and real politicalriskthat presidents dating to Gerald R. Ford top" of the economy, not the middle
do not support his trade views.
cost some members their positions have enjoyed, foreign governments class.
The skeptics are an apparent ma- in Congress," he said. "Well, ifs time would be reluctant to negotiate.
"We
jority among congressional Demo- for the naysayers to admit they were Clinton's most potent foe on fast- science can't trade away our conwith our commerce," said
crats, whose scant support for Clin- wrong."
track was one of his strongest allies Gephardt who wants tighter guaranton'sfree-tradepolicy has imperiled
When Clinton took office in 1993,
his prospects for winning the fast- the annual deficit was at $290 billion; in last year's election: organized la- tees that foreign governments will
bor. A White House aide asserted provide labor and environmental
track vote.
Republicans refused to back his
that
Clinton yesterday implicitly ac- budjget package that year, saying it yesterday easily thefast-trackvote protections.
won, with a majority /TValkiinraway irom this opporRF^
knowledged the uphill nature of his relied too heavily on tax increases' would be
of Democrats joining a majority of tjuty wi]l_not create a single •job^U<fight. "I still believe we're* going toand not enough on spending cuts.
win it," he said, "but we have to fight Following Clinton's boasts, White Republicans in support, were it not -Sttlfin talfl the DLL. "It will not save
every day till the last vote is taken." House press secretary Michael for pressure from union interests, jobs. It will not keep a single child in
Moments before he sounded that McCurry declined to answer directly who threaten to withhold financial another country out of a sweatshop. ,
uncertain note about the trade vote, when reporters pressed him on support in the 1998 elections.
It wjjl not clean up a single toxic site : /
Clinton was triumphant on another whether the budget reduction pack- This is a $200,000 vote for me," .inanoflier nation."
j
subject the latest federal Midget age enacted in 1990 under President the Clinton aide recounted a DemotJnnton noted that other nations
crat offering as explanation for why are profitingfromforeign commerce
deficit number. The federal budget George Bush contributed to markedhe might not vote forfast-trackeven
i indeficit for lastfiscalyear was $22.6 ly lower deficits.
while the United States debates. LatjN^billion, the lowestfiguresince 1974. ' While Clinton has been able to though he voted for the North Amer--_m American nations, he said, had
''
Administration and congressional corral congressional Democrats on ican Free Trade Agreement
more trade last year
officials earlier this month had pre- budget votes—in 1993 and again this DLC president Al From, in re- than the United States.with Europe
dicted the booming U.S. economy year for a budget package he negoti- marks earlier in the day, denounced
One of Clinton's best applause
would lead to deficitfiguresconsid- ated with Republicans—aides said it an "unprecedented'eampaign of poerably lower than official forecasts remains an abidingfrustrationfor litical intimidation from organized lines at the DLC, which held its
had anticipated. But with the news him that he has not been able to interests." The DLC in recent days annual conference here, would suremade official yesterday, Clinton said refashion his party on the trade has Spent $200,000 on an TV ad ly have been cheered even if he were
he felt the urge to personally deliver matters.
campaign infavorof fast-track. speaking to a liberal group of Demoan I-told-you-so message.
House Minority Leader Richard A. crats. He boasted that "We soundly
Thefast-trackauthority Clinton is
"Normally, I don't dwell on the seeking would allow him to negotiate Gephardt (D-Mo.), an opponent of defeated the Republican Party's 1995
past but I think ifs worth pointing trade deals that would then be sub- fast-track authority, said in a state-'ContractwithAmerica."
But Clinton may have overstated
out one more time: The defidt reduc- ject to upordown votes, with Con- ment that he supportsfreetrade in
tion
of 1993.was supported only gress not bong able to make chang- concept, but that NAFTA proved that the case. Congress passed and he
by Democrats and enacted in the es. Clinton aides say without such unless deals are negotiated on better signed into law portions of eight out
face of the most withering partisan authority, which a succession of terms they benefit only "those at the of 10 planks in the GOFs contract
>
1
�Vice President's Unconventional Agenda Hits Home
Anti-Violence Guidelines Exemplify New Focus on Small, Family-Oriented Programs
ByCeci Connolly
WashmKlonPoslSUllWrilcr
It was another qge of those smallpotatoes events nof many in Washington take notice of. But outside the
Beltway, the public—especially suburban women—have been taking a
lot of notice.
Vice President Gore yesterday unveiled new federal guidelines for
dealing with domestic and workplace
violence. The initiative, contained in
a dry 135-page report, is not only
near to the vice president's heart but
alsorighton point with voters. Gore
advisers said. %
"Often what the" federal government can do for families seems
smaller than NATO or the Cold
War," said Robert Squier, a longtime
Gore political consultant "But to
families, if you can provide a cop on
the beat in the neighborhood and
drive down crime that's a big deal to
a family."
The guide helps federal agencies
develop violence prevention programs using case studies, security
tips and advicefromexperts such as
psychologists. There are chapters on
writing a prevention policy, spotting
the warning signs, managing a crisis
and helping victims to move on after
an incident.
Like his boss in 1996, Gore is
increasingly focusing his public
events on seemingly small, non-traditional government proposals that fit
into a larger family values rubric.
Over the weekend, he celebrated
"Net Day" by laying cable at an Iowa
school. Last week, he announced a
new digital TV commission that will
focus on quality family programming. And this fall, Gore has served
as the administration's most vocal
anti-tobacco spokesman.
The new domestic violence handbook, filled with advice on how to
spot victims of abuse and intervene,
is a way for the government to set an
example, Gore said.
"We're determined to expand
awareness further and make sure
the signals are quickly recognized,"
he said in a ceremony with victims'
advocates, corporate leaders and a
woman who had been abused by her
husband for 15 years.
Things like this are a symbol of
the kind of government that President Clinton and Vice President
Gore stand for," said pollster Mark
Penn, who helped choreograph the
last campaign. "They are representative of a government that's goipg to
help families combat situations like
domestic violence."
And they are the kinds of things
that help separate Democrats from
many conservative Republicans who
espouse a less-government-is-best
philosophy, he added.
Polling data shows the unconventional agenda is helping Democrats
woo baby boomers whofindthemselves overwhelmed by the demands
of work and family. In the 1996
campaign, Clinton picked up 9 percent more of the women's vote than
in 1992 while Democrats overall have
seen their support among women
climbfrom34 percent in the 1970s to
53 percent last year, Penn said.
~ Gore's involvement in family matters goes back to his days in the
Senate when he began hosting an
annual round table in Nashville
dubbed the Family Reunion, said
Elaine Kamarck, his former senior
policy adviser.
"He's got a genuine track record
in this whole area," she said, pointing
to his previous efforts on drug prevention, the television v-chip and the
importance of fatherhood. "It has not
missed the attention of women."
Publications such as Parenting
Magazine and Self Magazine have
trumpeted the administration's efforts.
"It's not something that makes the
White House press corps sit up, but
it makes people out in America who
are concerned about these things
ever day notice," said Kamarck.
An ABC-Washington Post poll ear-
lier this month found the vice president is more popular with female
voters. His favorability rating among
women was 48 percent, compared to
42 percent with men.
Linda DiVall, a Republican pollster, said overall support for the
Glinton-Gore team has been falling
steadily as the campaign finance
controversy unfolds. She expects
that will continue to chip away at his
popularity, especially with women.
"Gore's mask of integrity has been
cracked by this issue," she said.
"Women are usually harsher judges
of character on playing by (he rules."
But Irene Natividad, head of the
Women's Vote Project, said that by
raising the profile on women's issues
Gore is helping to ensure more
women vote in the future.
"I suspect there will be many more
of these such events ^ the hiture,"
she said. "And that's what he needs
todo."
Staf/writerTerryM.Neal
contributed to this report.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lowell Weiss
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lowell Weiss
Office of Speechwriting
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36408">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7431951">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0470-F
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the speechwriting files of Lowell Weiss. Lowell Weiss worked as a Special Assistant to the President, Presidential Speechwriter from June 1997 - August 2000. Weiss traveled and wrote speeches for President Clinton on domestic issues. His speeches cover a broad array of topics. Major issues he wrote on concern the environment, education, the economy, and race relations. He wrote weekly radio addresses; commencement speeches; and remarks for bill signings, events, and conferences. The records consist of speeches, drafts, memoranda, correspondence, schedules, event and travel arrangements, notes, articles, and printed email.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
464 folders in 36 boxes
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
International Markets
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Speechwriting
Lowell Weiss
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0470-F
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 18
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36408">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/20761009">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
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Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
Source
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20761009
42-t-7431951-20060470-F-018-002-2015