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State of the Union 2-17-93
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001. draft
"A New Direction" Address to Joint Session of Congress by President
William Clinton (5 pages)
February
17, 1993
P5
002. draft
[Address by the President to Joint Session of Congress] (2 pages)
2/16/93
P5
003. memo
Michael Waldman to David Gergen, George Stephanopoulos and
Mark Gearan, Re: State-Of-The-Union (2 pages)
December
21, 1993
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
OA/Box Number: 14477
FOLDER TITLE:
State of the Union 2-17-93
2006-0469-F
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�Utrlte Center
�"A NEW DIRECTION"
ADDRESS TO JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS
BY PRESIDENT WILLIAM CLINTON
February 17, 1993
Mr. President. Mr. Speaker
6Jt doM^i
Our n a t i o n needs a new d i r e c t i o n .
charting i t .
I ask you t o j o i n me i n
For Americc^Sha y chosen change.
America c^artot a f f o r d t o c o n t i n u e dpwrr'the p a t h o f t h e p a s £ ,
where n ^ r f o w i n t e r e s t s
come b e £ o r ^ t h e n a t i o n a l i n t e p e S l f ; where
t p f l f o r r o w ' s prosper i W J r ^ s t i f l e d by t h e d e g j ^ t e d dogmas o f
y e s t e r d a y ; yherfe b i g ideas were calJ-edTfor, and o n l y ^smaTTi ideas
wert
At t h i s h i s t o r i c moment, we dare not shrink before t h i s
task.
We must compete i n a g l o b a l marketplace, where investment
c a p i t a l and jobs can t r a v e l across the world w i t h a keystroke on
a computer.
More than ever, our p r o s p e r i t y depends upon what's
r e a l — the s k i l l s o f our workers and the strength o f our
communities.
The world changed, but g r i d l o c k l e f t America unchanging.
Even today, there are those here who t h i n k we do not need t o
fierce
\joice
�change, b u t i t i s t i m e t o renew our c o u n t r y , i n v e s t i n our
people, and l e a d b e f o r e t h i s new
world.
I would remind them o f t h i s :
o f c r i s s - c r o s s i n g our c o u n t r y —
I n more t h a n two m i l l i o n m i l e s
s o a r i n g i n t o our c i t i e s i n a j e t
and bumping a l o n g back roads i n t h e back o f a bus —
saw
own
I never once
a s i n g l e person h o l d up a s i g n s a y i n g : "Things are j u s t g r e a t
here.
Don't Change a T h i n g . "
Americans want b o l d change, and
we
must d e l i v e r .
T o n i g h t , I p r e s e n t t o you our comprehensive p l a n f o r t h e
economic renewal o f our n a t i o n .
Our g o a l i s n o t h i n g l e s s t h a n t o
f u n d a m e n t a l l y change t h e p o l i c i e s t h a t have l e d our c o u n t r y
a s t r a y i n t h e p a s t , and g i v e t h e c o u n t r y we
love the
New
D i r e c t i o n i t needs.
I am c o n f i d e n t t h a t America i s ready t o f o r g e a new
p r o s p e r i t y ^ s t a r t i n g now,
era i n which:
era o f
and l a s t i n g i n t o t h e 2 1 s t Century;
Our people l e a r n new
an
s k i l l s and earn h i g h wages;
t h e i r hard work i s rewarded and f a m i l i e s s t a y s t r o n g ; an e r a i n
which e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p and j o b c r e a t i n g i n v e s t m e n t
and,
i s honored,
f i n a l l y , our government a c t s b o l d l y t o serve t h e people and
n o t merely t h e p o w e r f u l .
T h i s i s t h e f u t u r e our New
how
t h a t promise w i l l be
met.
D i r e c t i o n promises.
And here i s
�F i r s t h a n d foromosi^Pour
p l a n w i l l c r e a t e j o b s , now.
There
i s no r e c o v e r y w o r t h i t s s a l t t h a t does n o t b e g i n w i t h new j o b s .
To c r e a t e j o b s and guarantee a d u r a b l e r e c o v e r y , I c a l l on
Congress t o enact an emergency j o b s package o f n e a r l y $30 b i l l i o n
that w i l l create half a m i l l i o n jobs.
T h i s j o b s package w i l l p u t
people t o work r i g h t now, b u i l d i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n s o f p r o s p e r i t y
f o r a g e n e r a t i o n t o come.
Our
ei&ea^gBizey- j o b s package w i l l i n v e s t $4 b i l l i o n t o r e b u i l d
our highways, r e p a i r our mass t r a n s i t , and r e s t o r e o u r a i r p o r t s .
We w i l l i n v e s t an a d d i t i o n a l $800 m i l l i o n t o c r e a t e new j o b s
and economic growth
i n our r u r a l communities.
We w i l l i n v e s t
over $3 b i l l i o n more t o renovate m i d d l e c l a s s housing and b r i n g
new business
and new j o b s and new l i f e t o c i t i e s and towns a l l
across America.
Our
emergency p l a n w i l l c r e a t e 683,000 new summer j o b s f o r
t h i s summer, s p r e a d i n g hope and o p p o r t u n i t y i n t h e v e r y
communities t h a t need i t most.
And i f America's b u s i n e s s
leaders
p u t t h e i r money where^TaTues a r e , and j o i n us i n expanding t h i s
program, I b e l i e v e we c o u l d reach a m i l l i o n .
We w i l l p r o v i d e b i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s f o r p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e
w i t h a new investment t a x c r e d i t t o q u i c k l y c r e a t e new j o b s .
�r i g h t here i n America.
I t i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t t o have a j o b l e s s
r e c o v e r y ; our s t i m u l u s package w i l l make t h e r e v i v a l r e a l .
1
\ f/r ^^^
This
1
0<
d i f f e r e n c e i s t h e essence o f o u r New D i r e c t i o n .
Second, our p l a n l o o k s beyond today's b u s i n e s s c y c l e ,
because our a s p i r a t i o n f o r g r o w t h extends i n t o t h e n e x t c e n t u r y .
We w i l l c r e a t e good p a y i n g , h i g h s k i l l j o b s f o r t h e f u t u r e w i t h
long-term
investment
f o r p r i v a t e sector
growth.
We propose t h e b o l d e s t s m a l l business t a x c r e d i t i n y e a r s
a $3 b i l l i o n
p e r year permanent investment
tax credit, targeted
t o t h e s m a l l businesses t h a t c r e a t e most new j o b s .
more t h a n 100 Technology E x t e n s i o n
Centers,
b u s i n e s s e s can have access t o t h e b r i l l i a n t
time.
We w i l l opener
so t h a t s m a l l
t e c h n o l o g i e s o f our
We w i l l propose a c a p i t a l g a i n s t a x r e d u c t i o n f o r s m a l l , j
s t a r t - u p companies, t o reward e n t r e p r e n e u r s who t a k e r i s k s t o
b u i l d new businesses and c r e a t e new j o b s .
To ensure t h a t c a p i t a l f l o w s t o t h e i n n e r c i t i e s and poor
r u r a l areas, I am c a l l i n g f o r a new network o f community
development banks, and one b i l l i o n
d o l l a r s a year i n new
e n t e r p r i s e zones.
And
t o businesses l a r g e and s m a l l , whose s u r v i v a l depends on
access t o c r e d i t , I make t h i s pledge:
Our bank r e g u l a t o r s w i l l
^
�be tough enough t o p r o t e c t your d e p o s i t s , y e t smart enough n o t t o
choke o f f c r e d i t t o sound b o r r o w e r s .
F o l l o w i n g o u r New D i r e c t i o n f o r economic growth, t h e
government w i l l make t h e i n v e s t m e n t s t h a t business needs t o
lt(l
/o'
expand and create new jobs.
We w i l l
i n v e s t \ $ 1 5 b i l l i d n i n our roads, b r i d g e s , t r a n s i t
f a c i l i t i e s , and i n t h e most a m b i t i o u s e n v i r o n m e n t a l clean-up o f
our t i m e .
Beyond b r i c k s and m o r t a r , we w i l l c r e a t e t h e
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e o f t h e 2 1 s t Century.
Our p l a n w i l l b u i l d h i g h -
speed r a i l w a y s and h i g h - t e c h i n f o r m a t i o n systems.
the
To complete
b r i d g e between two e r a s , and two economies, t o secure our
c o u n t r y ' s p l a c e i n t h e next m i l l e n n i u m , we must R e b u i l d America.
On t h e edge o f t h e new m i l l e n n i u m , o u r l i v e l i h o o d s depend
upon f i n d i n g new markets overseas. We need a new v i s i o n o f t r a d e :
one t h a t expands t r a d e and expands o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r our
businesses
and o u r workers.
I am determined t o n e g o t i a t e s u c c e s s f u l l y a N o r t h American
Free Trade Agreement and a w o r l d - w i d e General Agreement on
T a r i f f s and Trade.
These agreements w i l l ensure t h a t t r a d e w i l l
s a f e g u a r d o u r environment,
for
and ensure access i n t h e g l o b a l market
t h e p r o d u c t s and food made i n t h e USA.
I t i s not
�p r o t e c t i o n i s m t o i n s i s t on f a i r t r a d e r u l e s i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
markets.
But we must be i n a p o s i t i o n t o compete.
eroded.
Our j o b base has
I pledge t h a t b u s i n e s s , government, and l a b o r w i l l work
t o g e t h e r t o promote American
industry.
We have l e f t our people t o f a c e t h i s new w o r l d w i t h o u t t h e
new
s k i l l s necessary t o w i n .
And y e t , we should welcome a w o r l d
economy i n which w i n n i n g depends on our people.
After a l l ,
America has t h e b e s t people i n t h e w o r l d .
Perhaps t h e most fundamental change o f f e r e d by our
Direction
i s i t s f o c u s on t h e f u t u r e .
p r i c e f o r n e g l e c t i n g our c h i l d r e n .
New
We have p a i d an a w f u l
We w i l l r e p l a c e i n a t t e n t i o n
W e ' l l s t a r t by making s u r e t h a t every g i r l and boy born i n
t h e USA
has t h e chance t o s t a r t s c h o o l h e a l t h y and h o p e f u l and
ready t o l e a r n .
W e ' l l b u i l d on proven
success.
H a l f t h e two year o l d s don't r e c e i v e immunizations a g a i n s t
deadly d i s e a s e s .
child.
Our p l a n w i l l p r o v i d e them f o r e v e r y e l i g i b l e
And w e ' l l save t e n d o l l a r s f o r every one w e ' l l spend.
•4
emu S^^AJL tm^o
�Today, t h e Women, I n f a n t s , and C h i l d r e n n u t r i t i o n program
reaches o n l y 1/X o f a l l e l i g i b l e mothers. Under our p l a n , w e ' l l
reach every e x p e c t i n g mother who needs o u r h e l p .
Today, Head S t a r t —
school.
A success s t o r y .
a program t h a t p r e p a r e s k i d s f o r
I t saves money, b u t reaches o n l y one-
t h i r d o f a l l e l i g i b l e c h i l d r e n . Under o u r p l a n , we w i l l
every e l i g i b l e
reach
child.
Then, we w i l l b e g i n an a m b i t i o u s p l a n t o empower p a r e n t s ,
based on a s u c c e s s f u l program i n Arkansas, M i s s o u r i , and o t h e r
s t a t e s . We'll help a l l parents —
disadvantaged —
and e s p e c i a l l y those who a r e
p r e p a r e t h e i r c h i l d r e n f o r s c h o o l , ready t o
a c h i e v e t h e i r God-given
potential.
We w i l l change t h e d i r e c t i o n o f e d u c a t i o n t o a i d young
a d u l t s beyond h i g h s c h o o l , whatever t h e i r p a t h .
High school
s t u d e n t s n o t g o i n g on t o c o l l e g e have been l e f t o u t .
change t h a t .
But we w i l l
We w i l l b r i n g t o g e t h e r business and schools t o
e s t a b l i s h new a p p r e n t i c e s h i p s , and g i v e young people t h e s k i l l s
t h e y ' l l need today t o f i n d p r o d u c t i v e j o b s tomorrow.
L i f e l o n g l e a r n i n g w i l l b e n e f i t workers t h r o u g h o u t
careers.
their
W i t h $2 b i l l i o n i n new f u n d i n g f o r t r a i n i n g , we w i l l
commit t o c r e a t i n g a new u n i f i e d worker t r a i n i n g system, so t h a t
workers r e c e i v e t r a i n i n g r e g a r d l e s s o f why t h e y l o s t t h e i r j o b .
�We w i l l ask t h e Congress t o add $2 b i l l i o n
t o t h e e x i s t i n g worker
t r a i n i n g programs, and t o c r e a t e SWAT teams t h a t w i l l
visit
w o r k s i t e s when l a y o f f s occur, r a t h e r t h a n w a i t f o r d i s p i r i t e d
workers t o f i n d t h e r i g h t window a t t h e r i g h t government
bureaucracy.
^nd f o r a l l young Americans, i n c l u d i n g t h o s ^ w h o s e minds are
afire witlKthe thirst
f o r knowledge, but^whose p o c k e t s a r e empty,
we w i l l o f f e r t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o t a > E ^ t h e i r e d u c a t i o n
highest l e v e l —
t o the
ancN^o serve.
As you know, our n a t i o n a r x s e r v i c e p l a n i s a t t h e core o f my
commitment t O / O p p o r t u n i t y
and upward m o b i l i t y .
t h i s natiohal service i n i t i a t i v e ,
And t o launch
our p l ^ n asks f o r $5.8
billion
o v e r x f o u r y e a r s t o begin a n a t i o n a l s e r v i c e program.
We seek t o make c o l l e g e a f f o r d a b l ^ a g a i n ^ f o r e v e r y daughter
and son o f t h e m i d d l e c l a s s .
Then we w i l T ^ c h a l l e n g e them t o g i v e
something back t o t h e i r c o u n t r y -- as t e a c h e r s , p o l i c e o f f i c e r s ,
community s e r v i c e workers.
L i k e t h e GI B i l l , which b u i l t
the
broad m i d d l e c l a s s i n t h e y e a r s f o l l o w i n g World War I I , t h i s
will
be t h e b e s t money we ever spend.
We b e l i e v e i n j o b s , we b e l i e v e i n l e a r n i n g , and we b e l i e v e
i n rewarding
work.
America s p e c i a l .
We b e l i e v e i n r e s t o r i n g t h e v a l u e s t h a t make
�There i s d i g n i t y i n a l l work, and there must be d i g n i t y f o r
a l l workers.
To those who heal our s i c k , care f o r our c h i l d r e n ,
and do our d i r t i e s t and most d i f f i c u l t jobs, our New D i r e c t i o n
makes t h i s solemn commitment:
I f you work f o r t y hours a week and
have c h i l d r e n a t home, the world's w e a l t h i e s t n a t i o n w i l l no
longer permit you t o l i v e i n poverty.
By expanding the Earned Income Tax C r e d i t , we w i l l make
history:
We w i l l l i f t l i t e r a l l y hundreds of thousands of
f a m i l i e s w i t h wage earners out of poverty.
Our New D i r e c t i o n
means a decent l i v i n g standard f o r working Americans a t l a s t .
We w i l l s t r i v e t o end welfare as we know i t .
As a young man
growing up i n a poor community, I learned t h a t nobody wants t o
change the welfare system as much as those who must depend on
p u b l i c assistance.
We seek t o o f f e r men and women on welfare t h e education,
t r a i n i n g , c h i l d and h e a l t h care necessary f o r them t o enjoy the
d i g n i t y of supporting themselves and t h e i r f a m i l i e s .
two years, we would r e q u i r e them t o f i n d jobs —
Then, a f t e r
i n private
business i f p o s s i b l e ; i n p u b l i c service, i f necessary.
I t ' s time
t o end welfare as way of l i f e .
Our next great goal i s t o strengthen American f a m i l i e s .
�W e ' l l ask f a t h e r s and mothers t o t a k e more r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
for
t h e i r c h i l d r e n . And w e ' l l c r a c k down on deadbeat p a r e n t s who
don't s u p p o r t t h e i r sons and d a u g h t e r s .
We want t o i n v e s t $2.7 b i l l i o n t o p r o t e c t our f a m i l i e s
a g a i n s t v i o l e n t crime which t e r r o r i z e s o u r people and t e a r s a p a r t
our communities.
We w i l l pass a tough crime b i l l —
t h a t puts
100,000 cops on t h e s t r e e t , and more hardened c r i m i n a l s
behind
bars.
I n t h e l a s t s e s s i o n o f Congress, you passed t h e Brady
bill.
I n t h i s s e s s i o n , I want t o s i g n i t .
But l e t ' s face t h e hard t r u t h .
American f a m i l i e s w i l l
be secure u n l e s s we t a c k l e o u r h e a l t h c a r e c r i s i s .
costs are k i l l i n g t h e family.
never
These r i s i n g
We have a solemn o b l i g a t i o n t o
r e s t o r e t h e i r peace o f mind.
L a t e r t h i s s p r i n g , I w i l l d e l i v e r t o Congress a
comprehensive p l a n f o r change. That p l a n w i l l make sure t h a t we
f i n a l l y g e t c o s t s under c o n t r o l .
We w i l l p r o v i d e s e c u r i t y t o a l l
our f a m i l i e s , so t h a t no one can be d e n i e d t h e coverage
they
need. We w i l l r o o t o u t f r a u d and outrageous charges, and make
sure t h a t paperwork no l o n g e r chokes you o r your d o c t o r . And we
w i l l m a i n t a i n American s t a n d a r d s —
t h e highest q u a l i t y medical
c a r e i n t h e w o r l d and t h e c h o i c e s we demand and deserve.
must a c t on i t t h i s year.
10
And we
�That w i l l r e q u i r e equal p a r t s courage and confidence. But I
am not worried:
H i l l a r y ' s on t h e job.
Now, t h i s i s a wide-ranging agenda.
And we know t h a t we
can't produce economic change i f we don't change t h e way
government works.
My f i f t h goal i s nothing less than a new
d i r e c t i o n -- a r e v o l u t i o n —
i n government.
We i n government cannot ask the American people t o change i f
we w i l l not do the same.
Every family i n America has had t o
adjust i t s p r i o r i t i e s as i t has tightened i t s budget.
Every
hardware store and every g i a n t conglomerate has had t o change t o
meet increased competition.
themselves.
The best businesses r e v i t a l i z e d
And so too, the government must do more, and make
do, w i t h less.
Tonight, I c a l l f o r an across the board freeze i n f e d e r a l
government s a l a r i e s f o r one year.
Thereafter, f e d e r a l s a l a r i e s
w i l l r i s e a t a r a t e lower than the r a t e of i n f l a t i o n .
Then, t o make government work f o r middle class taxpayers and
not
t h e wealthy s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s , we must reform our p o l i t i c a l
system.
I'm asking Congress t o enact r e a l campaign finance reform
t h a t reduces the power o f p r i v i l e g e d special i n t e r e s t s and
11
�i n c r e a s e s t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e people.
tax
And we s h o u l d end t h e
d e d u c t i o n f o r s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t l o b b y i n g , and use t h e money t o
h e l p c l e a n up t h e p o l i t i c a l system.
And we s h o u l d q u i c k l y
legislation t o force lobbyists t o disclose their
enact
activities.
But - and t h i s i s t h e hard p a r t - t o r e v o l u t i o n i z e
government we w i l l have t o i n s u r e t h a t i t l i v e s w i t h i n i t s means.
For t h e l o n g term good o f t h e economy, t o c r e a t e t h e growth
and t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y we need t o b u i l d genuine p r o s p e r i t y , our
p l a n t a c k l e s t h e budget d e f i c i t - s e r i o u s l y and over t h e l o n g
term.
We w i l l s i m u l t a n e i o u s l y p u t i n p l a c e t h e b i g g e s t d e f i c i t
r e d u c t i o n and t h e b i g g e s t r e o r d e r i n g o f f e d e r a l p r i o r i t i e s i n our
h i s t o r y . For t h e l a s t 12 y e a r s , every one o f our l e a d e r s have
t o l d you t h a t t h e d e f i c i t must be b r o u g h t down b u t n o t one o f
them has b r o u g h t you a s t r a i g h t , honest p l a n t o do i t . T h i s p l a n
does.
My budget w i l l by 1997 c u t $140 b i l l i o n from t h e d e f i c i t .
am a s k i n g f o r t h e l a r g e s t program o f spending
by an American p r e s i d e n t .
c u t s ever proposed
I am making more t h a n 150 d i f f i c u l t ,
p a i n f u l r e d u c t i o n s ; which w i l l add up t o almost $100 b i l l i o n
dollars.
•By 1997, we w i l l r e s t r u c t u r e t h e f e d e r a l government and
budget, r e d u c i n g annual e x p e n d i t u r e s by $61 b i l l i o n .
12
I
�To increase f a i r n e s s i n t h e budget we w i l l reduce subsidies
and r e q u i r e t h a t every p a r t o f the budget bear t h e burden of
cuts:
We w i l l s t a r t phasing o u t r u r a l e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n subsidies
now t h a t almost 100% of our r u r a l areas are e l e c t r i f i e d ; and we
w i l l r e q u i r e more p r i v a t e sector f i n a n c i n g of superfund
environmental clean-ups;
To improve programs we w i l l consolodate, streamline, or
e l i m i n a t e programs i n almost every agency -
we are i n s i s t i n g t h a t d u p l i c a t i n g programs be ended or
brought together i n the Departments of A g r i c u l t u r e , of
Transprotation, Commerce, and Housing and Urban Development.
and we are t e r m i n a t i n g programs we simply no longer need.
For
esample, grants t o c i t i e s t h a t represent pure pork; highway
demonstation programs t h a t f a i l t o demonstate anything; and
nuclear reactor research w i t h no a p p l i c a t i o n or purpose.
To manage the government b e t t e r we are c u t t i n g f e d e r a l
employment; ending useless commissions; and by slashing Federal
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e costs by $9 b i l l i o n .
13
�I c o n g r a t u l a t e t h e Congress f o r t a k i n g s i m i l a r s t e p s t o c u t
i t s costs.
Together, we can show t h e American people t h a t we
have h e a r d t h e i r c a l l f o r change.
As we r e s t r u c t u r e American m i l i t a r y f o r c e s , t o meet t h e new
t h r e a t s o f t h e p o s t - C o l d War w o r l d , we can p r u d e n t l y reduce our
defense budget.
But l e t no one be i n any doubt:
The men and
women who serve under t h e American f l a g , w i l l be t h e b e s t
t r a i n e d , b e s t equipped, b e s t p r e p a r e d , f i g h t i n g f o r c e i n t h e
w o r l d , so l o n g as I am P r e s i d e n t .
And t h i s budget w i l l a l l o w us t o address t h e burgeoning
i n t e r n a t i o n a l c h a l l e n g e s and o p p o r t u n i t i e s t h a t w i l l shape t h e
s a f e t y o f our n a t i o n i n t h e decades t o come:
ethnic c o n f l i c t ,
n u c l e a r p r o f i l i e r a t i o n , t h e g l o b a l d e m o c r a t i c r e b o l u t i o n , and t h e
h e a l t h o f our environment.
We a r e n o t c u t t i n g t h e d e f i c i t because t h e e x p e r t s t e l l us
t o do so.
We a r e c u t t i n g t h e d e f i c i t so t h a t your f a m i l y can
a f f o r d a c o l l e g e e d u c a t i o n f o r your c h i l d r e n . We a r e c u t t i n g t h e
d e f i c i t so t h a t your c h i l d r e n w i l l some day be a b l e t o buy a home
of
t h e i r own. We a r e c u t t i n g t h e d e f i c i t so t h a t your company can
i n v e s t i n r e t r a i n i n g t h e workers and r e t o o l i n g t h e f a c t o r i e s . We
are
c u t t i n g t h e d e f i c i t , so t h a t government can make t h e
i n v e s t m e n t s t h a t h e l p us become s t r o n g e r and s m a r t e r and s a f e r .
14
�I f we do n o t a c t now, t e n years from now we w i l l n o t
r e c o g n i z e t h i s c o u n t r y . Ten y e a r s from now, t h e d e f i c i t w i l l have
grown t o $635 b i l l i o n a y e a r ; t h e n a t i o n a l debt w i l l be 78% o f
our g r o s s domestic p r o d u c t ; and p a y i n g t h e i n t e r e s t on t h a t debt
w i l l be t h e c o s t l i e s t government program o f a l l .
That's n o t t h e f u t u r e we want f o r o u r s e l v e s , our c h i l d r e n ,
and our c o u n t r y . We must b u i l d more —
These c h o i c e s a r e d i f f i c u l t
and borrow
i n t h e extreme.
less.
Many o f them
a r e backed by v e s t e d i n t e r e s t s , b u t o t h e r s a r e i m p o r t a n t t o l o c a l
interests.
S t i l l , we must r e d e d i c a t e f e d e r a l r e s o u r c e s t o those
l o n g - t e r m investments where t h e y a r e needed.
Those who s u f f e r
c u t s must c o n t r i b u t e , t o o .
Our economic p l a n i s a m b i t i o u s .
c o n t i n u e d g r e a t n e s s o f our c o u n t r y .
fairly —
But i t i s necessary
f o r the
And i t w i l l be p a i d f o r
by c u t t i n g government, by a s k i n g t h e most o f t h o s e who
b e n e f i t e d most i n t h e 1980s —
by a s k i n g more Americans t o
c o n t r i b u t e today so t h a t a l l Americans can do b e t t e r tomorrow.
For t h e w e a l t h i e s t i n d i v i d u a l s , we w i l l r a i s e t h e t o p r a t e
for
f e d e r a l income t a x e s t o 3 6%.
On t o p o f t h a t , we w i l l impose
a 10 p e r c e n t s u r t a x on incomes over $250,000 per year.
And we
w i l l c l o s e t h e l o o p h o l e s t h a t l e t some m i l l i o n a i r e s g e t away
w i t h o u t p a y i n g any t a x a t a l l .
15
�A f u l l seventy p e r c e n t o f t h e new t a x revenues I propose
w i l l come from those e a r n i n g over $100,000.
And
f o r businesses w i t h t a x a b l e income over $10 m i l l i o n , we
w i l l r a i s e t h e c o r p o r a t e t a x r a t e t o 36%. "ftjatf we w i l l
close
loopholes t h a t f o r c e t h e middle class t o subsidize t h e wealthy.
We w i l l c u t t h e d e d u c t i o n f o r business
J
- *-bhcaa_JIiartini
And
lunch"
dnT.m
t-n
entertainmentl/-
rinn-nnri
-i h a l f
ttre—
1
maT-l-i n i g .
i t ends t h e t a x d e d u c t i o n f o r excessive
executive
s a l a r i e s t h a t grow even as p r o d u c t i v i t y plummets and workers'
wages d e c l i n e , and t a x s u b s i d i e s t h a t reward companies t h a t s h i p
our j o b s overseas and g i v e r e l i e f t o f o r e i g n c o r p o r a t i o n s who
make money i n America b u t a v o i d p a y i n g t h e i r f a i r
share.
As I t o l d m i d d l e c l a s s Americans two evenings ago: You're
n o t g o i n g alone any more; you're n o t g o i n g f i r s t ;
l o n g e r g o i n g t o pay more and g e t l e s s .
and you're no
Ninety-eight point five
p e r c e n t o f America's f a m i l i e s w i l l have no i n c r e a s e i n income t a x
r a t e s ; o n l y t h e w e a l t h i e s t one p o i n t f i v e p e r c e n t w i l l see t h e i r
rates rise.
I want t o ease some f e a r s t h a t some c i t i z e n s may have.
There w i l l be no c u t s i n S o c i a l S e c u r i t y o r Medicare b e n e f i t s i n
A
t h i s p l a n . There w i l l be an i n c r e a s e i n t a x a t i o n o f S o c i a l
i
6
/ m *A. s5(y (fetv
/
�S e c u r i t y b e n e f i t s a f f e c t i n g o n l y those who earn more t h a n
[$32,000] per y e a r .
And v i r t u a l l y anyone whose f a m i l y earns l e s s t h a n $30,000
per year w i l l pay no a d d i t i o n a l t a x a t a l l .
One major burden w i l l be borne by us a l l .
p r ^ t - f ^ r t nnr n f r ' n i r i l - n ^ i r ^ n m ^ n y % n l
To^efioourage
t o ^asp our ^l^poTTlrnr-p on
"
from u n s t a b l e r e g i o n s o f t h e w o r l d , I am p r o p o s i n g a
broad-based
energy t a x .
Taken t o g e t h e r , these a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r i b u t i o n s w i l l c o s t t h e
average f a m i l y about [$15 a month].
But j u s t one p o i n t i n c r e a s e
i n t h e Gross N a t i o n a l Product w i l l g i v e t h a t same f a m i l y
$xxxx
per month.
I ask a l l Americans t o c o n s i d e r t h e c o s t o f n o t changing, o f
not
choosing a New
Direction.
Unless we have t h e courage t o s t a r t b u i l d i n g our f u t u r e and
s t o p b o r r o w i n g from i t , we are condemning o u r s e l v e s t o y e a r s o f
s t a g n a t i o n , i n t e r r u p t e d o n l y by r e c e s s i o n ; t o slow g r o w t h i n
j o b s , no g r o w t h i n incomes, and more d e b t and d i s a p p o i n t m e n t .
17
�Worse y e t —
unless we change —
we w i l l condemn our
c h i l d r e n and our c h i l d r e n ' s c h i l d r e n t o a lesser l i f e and a
diminished destiny.
Tonight, the American people know how we must change.
But
they are also l i k e l y t o ask whether we have the f o r t i t u d e t o make
those changes happen.
So we must scale the w a l l s of t h e i r
skepticism, not w i t h our words, but by our deeds.
A f t e r so many
years of g r i d l o c k and i n d e c i s i o n , a f t e r so many hopeful
beginnings and so few promising r e s u l t s , Americans w i l l be harsh
i n t h e i r judgements of us, i f we f a i l t o seize t h i s moment.
U l t i m a t e l y , our New D i r e c t i o n w i l l depend upon a compact
between the Congress and the White House; one of cooperative
a c t i o n producing r e s u l t s ,
^.et us debate y i g o r o u s j y ^ as we^wiri
us dJL«agree"^micably<^'if we Inust. But..
proim
There are b i g stakes i n what we've t a l k e d about t o n i g h t .
As
l/have t r a v e l e d t h i s country over the l a s t year and a h a l f , I met
seople w i t h aches i n t h e i r hearts.
p r o s p e r i t y had been broken.
i f we work hard —
Their country's promise of
The system has l e t them down. But
and work together —
i f we rededicate
ourselves t o strengthening f a m i l i e s , c r e a t i n g jobs, rewarding
�Ik do
^0
(A/\o
�work and r e i n v e n t i n g government, we can l i f t America's fortunes
once again.
There i s so much good, so much p o s s i b i l i t y , a m excitement
i n t h i s world, i t would be t r a g i c t o l e t t h i s ^ p r e c i o u s season of
promise pass.
Tonight, I ask a l l Americans tp^look i n t o t h e i r hearts, t o
summon t h e i r hopes and imaginations, t o ask the most profound and
/
/
t i m e l y question of a l l :
Whep our days here are over, what k i n d
of country do you want to/6ake up t o , t o have your c h i l d r e n wake
/
up to?
A country whiizfi summoned i t s highest i d e a l s , or caved i n
t o i t s basest appetites? One which renewed i t s promise and
r e i n v i g o r a t e d i t ^ / i n s t i t u t i o n s during our stewardship, or one
/
which broke f a i t h w i t h i t s h i s t o r i c mission and missed i t s moment
forever?
/
/
F i n a l l y , on t h a t not a l l too d i s t a n t morning, do you want t o
find^//ourself a c i t i z e n of one proud, u n i t e d n a t i o n , or t h e pawn
and v i c t i m of a thousand separate s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s ?
ahswers and resolve w i l l depend a l l of our f u t u r e s .
May God Bless you.
And May God Bless America.
19
Upon your
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2/16/93, 5:00 pm
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Tonight, for the f i r s t time as President., I am honored to
address both houses of Congress.
I am here to address the economic problems that are f i r s t on
the minds of America's families, who are watching us tonight from
t h e i r homes a l l across our country. I dream, as you dream, of an
America where we can look our children in the eye and t e l l them:
"This country i s a special place. I f you work hard and play
by the rules, there i s no l i m i t to what you can do and how far
you can go. You'll have the chance to do work that makes you
proud, to build a business from a dream, and to give something
back to your community and your country. And, when you r a i s e a
family of your own, you'll be able to t e l l your children that
t h e y ' l l have the chance to build even better l i v e s . "
To achieve our dreams, we need to face up to our challenges.
I'm going to t e l l i t to you straight.
I am here to present a plan to generate jobs, get the
economy moving, and build a future of stable, longterm growth.
Just as we offer every American the opportunity to share i n
the benefits of a growing economy, we ask every American to share
in the responsibility for building our future. From those to whom
the most has been given, the most w i l l be asked.
We w i l l ask those who serve in government: Never forget that
we work for the people.
We w i l l ask the wealthiest Americans: Carry your f a i r share
of the burden.
We w i l l ask our businesses: Invest in America, and p r o f i t
from the prosperity you build.
And we w i l l ask every American: Contribute to t h i s effort,
because America i s strongest when we stand together.
There are those here in Washington who think we do not need
change. They point to the good news that consumer confidence i s
climbing. More people are buying new homes. And our working men
and women are producing more than ever before.
This i s cause for optimism — but not complacency.
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SECRETARY O F LABOR
WASHINGTON
February 12 1993
f
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
Robert B. Reich
SUBJECT:
Suminar Jobs
Suraaary: You have s i g n a l l e d an i n t e n t i o n t o increase summer jobs
funding by $1 b i l l i o n .
That e x t r a money—in a d d i t i o n t o $683
m i l l i o n already appropriated f o r 1993, and $267 m i l l i o n l e f t
unspent from l a s t year's l a t e - s t a r t i n g summer jobs i n i t i a t i v e —
w i n mnrt* i-han donhi? t h e s i z e of t h e program. You asked me t o
develop a design f o r p u t t i n g t h e money t o t h e best p o s s i b l e use.
To make t h i s summer's program not j u s t bigger, but b e t t e r , I
propose adding a serious element of academic enrichment. That
way, k i d s g e t not j u s t a j o b , b u t a bulwark against t h e academic
erosion t h a t t o o many disadvantaged teenagers s u f f e r during t h e
summer months. I also urge you t o use t h i s expansion and
enrichment o f t h e p u b l i c summer jobs program as an occasion t o
challenge t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r t o d e l i v e r more summer j o b
o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o young Americans.
Even aside from t h e business response t h i s challenge should
evoke, t h e p u b l i c - s e c t o r p a r t o f t h e summer jobs i n i t i a t i v e w i l l
reach 1.3 m i l l i o n k i d s . I t w i l l put t h e resources where t h e kids
are.
And i t w i l l reach them not j u s t w i t h jobs, but w i t h
academic assessment and t r a i n i n g .
Public and P r i v a t e R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s : The C l i n t o n summer jobs
i n i t i a t i v e has two major t h r u s t s , l i n k e d by a common theme and a
shared outreach campaign. One t h r u s t stresses t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
of American business. The President and Labor Secretary w i l l
challenge t h e p r i v a t e sector t o d e l i v e r summer jobs f o r young
Americans.
( I recommend i s s u i n g t h i s challenge i n your February
17 address.) With your approval, I w i l l convene a s p e c i a l "CEO
Task Force on Summer Jobs", charged w i t h energizing and
organizing business involvement.
The second t h r u s t — t h e purpose t o which your extra $1 b i l l i o n
w i l l be d e d i c a t e d — i s an expanded and academically enriched
p u b l i c - s e c t o r summer jobs program.
flummar of WorJc and Learning: The academic s k i l l s o f
disadvantaged young people tend t o d e t e r i o r a t e s e r i o u s l y over t h e
�S N 3 : F ICE O S C E A Y
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- 2 suininer months. Nearly o n e - t h i r d of t h e e x t r a $1 b i l l i o n i s
dedicated e x c l u s i v e l y t o s k i l l s assessment and t a i l o r e d l e a r n i n g
programs, t y p i c a l l y t o t a l l i n g around 90 hours per p a r t i c i p a n t
over t h e course o f the summer.
p u t t i n g th» Money Where t h e Kids Are: While t h e "baseline"
budget appropriated e a r l i e r i s a l l o c a t e d by a pre-set formula, I
propose focussing t h i s e x t r a money on t h e areas w i t h t h e greatest
numbers o f disadvantaged youth. We have worked out a funding
system t h a t w i l l o f f e r every service d e l i v e r y area i n America a
2 5-percent increase over l a s t year's JTPA T i t l e I I - B summer jobs
budget. Beyond t h i s qeneral increase, however, close t o h a l f of
the e x t r a money (about $460 m i l l i o n ) w i l l be concentrated on 100
American c i t i e s , large and small, i n l i n e w i t h t h e i r populations
of disadvantaged young people. This way o f d i s t r i b u t i n g the
budget sidesteps two t r a p s . I t n e i t h e r spreads t h e money too
t h i n l y t o make a major d i f f e r e n c e , nor increases funding beyond
l o c a l c a p a c i t y t o put resources t o good and responsible use.
E f f e c t i v e outreach: An i n t e g r a l p a r t o f the i n i t i a t i v e w i l l be a
p u b l i c outreach campaign, i n which I w i l l take a personal r o l e .
The CEO Task Force f o r Summer Jobs w i l l help c a r r y t h e message t o
tho business community. Media i n i t i a t i v e s w i l l emphasize t h a t
t h i s i s not simply a bigger version o f the same o l d summer jobs
model, and w i l l l i n k t h e summer work and l e a r n i n g program t o t h e
l a r g e r themes o f the C l i n t o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n workforce agenda. I
am e x p l o r i n g p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r s o l i c i t i n g donated media time and
programming not j u s t f o r t h e outreach campaign, but t o d e l i v e r
p a r t o f t h e academic component. (We could o r c h e s t r a t e a series
of programs on the changing economy and t h e workforce o f the
f u t u r e , f o r example, t o a i r every week a t a r e g u l a r time during
the work day. This would be one way t o u n i f y t h e summer work and
l e a r n i n g experience f o r a l l American k i d s , i n p u b l i c or p r i v a t e
j o b s , economically disadvantaged or not.)
Program Learning and A c c o u n t a b i l i t y : I propose r e s e r v i n g one
percent o f t h e funding increase f o r s p e c i a l experiments,
demonstrations, assessments and other e f f o r t s t o develop new
ideas, challenge l o c a l programs t o innovate and adapt, l e a r n what
works and what doesn't, and r e f i n e t h e whole idea o f summer jobs
programs so we can do even b e t t e r i n f u t u r e years. I also
propose a modest but s y m b o l i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t adjustment i n
funding a l l o c a t i o n . Local programs t h a t succeeded i n p u t t i n g
t h e i r p a r t o f l a s t year's summer jobs money t o good use w i l l
r e c e i v e a s l i g h t l y l a r g e r share of t h i s year's budget, while It
Less
s u c c e s s f u l programs w i l l receive a s l i g h t l y smaller share.
F i n a l l y , t h i s year's program w i l l f e a t u r e i n t e n s i f i e d monitoring
and t e c h r j i c a l assistance t o b o l s t e r a c c o u n t a b i l i t y .
The keys t o a successful summer jobs i n i t i a t i v e include an e a r l y
s t a r t on program design d e t a i l s and budget a l l o c a t i o n s ; adequate
o v e r s i g h t and t e c h n i c a l assistance; a coherent themej and
c o n s i s t e n t h i g h - l e v e l a t t e n t i o n . A l l o f these elements are
w i t h i n our capacity. I t h i n k t h a t we're ready t o go w i t h t h i s
and make i t work. Feel f r e e t o give i t some play on February 17.
�SENT BY:OFFICE O S C E A Y
F ERTR
: 2-12-93 : 3:06PM :
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SUMMER JOBS EXPANSION AND ENRICHMENTJ
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
43629834/ 7
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QUESTIONJ
How many kids can be hired with t h i s level of funding and how
does i t compare with previous years?
ANSWER:
^ I We estimate that about 1.3 m i l l i o n kids can be hired with the
\$1.95 b i l l i o n .
Last year, 770,000 kids were hired.
QUESTION:
Who are the kids who w i l l be hired under the summer program?
ANSWER:
They w i l l be young people—14 to 21—who come from poor families.
Many of thera w i l l be deficient i n academic s k i l l s . For a large
number, i t w i l l be t h e i r f i r s t job. They w i l l be from a l l over
the nation—our c i t i e s and surrounding areas and our rural areas.
The program w i l l provide them with, f i r s t of a l l , money for basic
n e c e s s i t i e s ; meaningful work experiences i n a real job; and w i l l
also help them to overcome t h e i r academic deficiencies.
QUESTION:
What do you mean by academic enrichment?
ANSWER:
I t i s well documented that during the summer vacation months
young people lose a substantial amount of what they've learned i n
school. When school s t a r t s again i n the f a l l , teachers spend the
f i r s t couple of months trying to bring t h e i r students back up to
speed.
This summer program would help to stem these learning losses by
l i n k i n g instruction i n reading and math and problem-solving with
hands on learning at the work s i t e . By combining work and
learning — and maXing i t exciting with tools such as computers - students can have successes and build t h e i r self-esteem.
�S N B : F ICE O S C E A Y
ET YOF
F ERTR
: 2-12-93 : 3 0 P :
:6M
DL
O-
4562983;# 6/ 7
-2What kinds o f jobs w i l l these be? How w i l l we make them
meaningful?
ANSWER!
The jobs developed f o r t h e summer program w i l l cover t h e whole
range o f jobs normally a v a i l a b l e i n t h e p u b l i c sector — ranging
from guides i n parks and groundskeepers t o c l e r i c a l s t a f f i n c i t y
agencies, o t h e r services normally a v a i l a b l e i n t h e JTPA summer
program include basic and remedial education and work m a t u r i t y as
w e l l as some s u p p o r t i v e services. This year t h e r e w i l l be
increased emphasis on academic enrichment. I n order t o make the
work experience component more meaningful, good supervision i s
e s s e n t i a l . Supervisors need t o understand t h e goals of the
program and receive some o r i e n t a t i o n on how t o provide assistance
t o youth. S u f f i c i e n t lead time i s necessary t o assure t h a t these
steps are taken. Since we are s t a r t i n g e a r l y t o plan t h i s year's
program we can b u i l d i n the necessary safeguards.
QUESTION:
Why i s t h i s summer supplemental d i f f e r e n t from t h e one t h a t was
enacted l a s t year?
ANSWER:
F i r s t , the number o f jobs i s nearly double, going from t h r e e q u a r t e r s o f a m i l l i o n l a s t year t o 1.3 m i l l i o n t h i s year.
Second, we w i l l be s i g n i f i c a n t l y improving t h e q u a l i t y of t h e
summer experience, through t h e a d d i t i o n o f an academic enrichment
component. T h i r d , we w i l l pay much g r e a t e r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e
management and supervision i n the program.
F i n a l l y , l a s t years
supplemental f o r t h e summer program was not enacted u n t i l June
22; t h i s y e a r we a n t i c i p a t e t h a t t h e supplemental w i l l be
enacted much e a r l i e r , allowing c i t i e s more time t o e s t a b l i s h
meaningful work and l e a r n i n g experiences f o r t h e k i d s .
/
�S N BY:OFF ICE OF S C E A Y
ET
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: 2-12-23 : 3:07PM ;
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4ob2a8a:» // /
-3QUEaTIOWJ
Many c i t i e s f a i l e d to spend the allocation they received in l a s t
year's supplemental.
Why w i l l t h i s be any different?
ANSWER
Last summer was the f i r s t time in more than a decade that the
JTPA summer program received supplemental funds and they were not
available u n t i l June after many months of uncertainty about
whether they would come a t a l l . This year there w i l l be
s u f f i c i e n t lead time to plan worksites and to develop the
outreach necessary to reach needy youngsters.
QUESTIONi
Why do you expect that l o c a l service Delivery Areas w i l l be able
to e f f e c t i v e l y u t i l i z e supplemental funds t h i s summer when they
expended only 48 percent of l a s t year's $500 million i n
supplemental funding?
ANSWER:
The major difference t h i s year—and i t i s a large o n e — i s the
timing of the announcement of the supplemental funds. Last year,
local program operators were advised of t h e i r supplemental
allocations i n late June—when most of them had already commenced
operations. While many j u r i s d i c t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n urban
areas, were able to absorb the increase quite readily, others had
d i f f i c u l t y in recruiting participants, developing worksites, and
finding an adequate number of worksite supervisors within the
vary short timeframe involved.
This year, there w i l l be adequate lead time to plan for a large
program increase. In addition, the Federal Government w i l l
greatly increase the a v a i l a b i l i t y of technical assistance to
l o c a l i t i e s and w i l l also much more closely monitor both program
planning and operations. We also expect the States to play a
much larger role in these areas. F i n a l l y , we w i l l personally
appeal to the Governors, the mayors, the county leaders, and the
education system to ensure that they operate f i r s t - r a t e programs.
�2/15/93
To: Stephanopoulos, Boorstin, Dreyer, Seidman, Waldman
From: Kusnet
Re: Outline and "narrative" for 2/17 address
Here are Waldman's outline and my narrative for the 2/17
address.
The narrative includes draft language as well as indicating
where s p e c i f i c policy and factual material would go.
In i t s present form, the narrative would take about 25
minutes to speak uninterrupted. So i t gives us a sense that not
only must we flesh out the substance but we should trim the
entire speech.
�TENTATIVE OUTLINE FOR JOINT SESSION ADDRESS
* INTRO, BILLBOARD, AND EXPLANATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE
SPEECH
* WHERE WE ARE/WHAT WENT W O G OVER THE PAST 12 YEARS
RN
-
we face a q u i e t c r i s i s
recent good news, but t h a t ' s not cause f o r complacency
s t i l l much bad news, not recovering f a s t enough
while wealthy got r i c h e r , middle class got h u r t
too many leaders are complacent/didn't t e l l the t r u t h
( t h i s defines the opposition as pro-complacency)
* THE COST OF NOT CHANGING
* INTRO TO THE PLAN
* HERE'S THE PLAN
- f i r s t , we w i l l have a stimulus package, and then a longterm growth plan
- we w i l l invest i n America
o business i n c e n t i v e s
o small business
o trade,
o transportation
o communications
o environment
o technology
- we w i l l reward work
o unemployment i n s u r a n c e / t r a i n i n g and other worker
programs
o welfare t o work
o brag about f a m i l y leave
- we w i l l invest i n our own people
o children
o national service
o h e a l t h care
- we w i l l cut the d e f i c i t
o why the d e f i c i t matters
o how c u t t i n g the d e f i c i t w i l l allow business & gov't
t o invest
* HOW TO PAY FOR THE PLAN (the ladder o f c o n t r i b u t i o n concept)
- f i r s t , we w i l l change the government and p o l i t i c s
o government cuts BC has already made
o p o l i t i c a l reform (campaign finance & lobbying
reform)
�- then, we w i l l tax the wealthy
o wealthy indivs.
o corporate tax
o CEO pay
- Then, after we've gone after gov't, wealthy, & corps., we
must require a broader contribution
o energy tax
- This plan w i l l be f a i r . Distribution table, etc.
* W A YOU CAN DO: WE MUST ALL PULL TOGETHER
HT
- The people must take control i f t h i s change w i l l happen.
- Congress must l i s t e n to the national interest, not the
special interests
- People at home must participate - fight the lobbyists, l e t
Congress know you are w i l l i n g to see dramatic change
�Kusnet, X2777
2/15/93, 2 pm
2860 words
Tonight, for the f i r s t time as President, I have the honor
of addressing the members of both houses of Congress.
I am here to address the problem that i s f i r s t on the minds
of the members of America's families, who are watching us tonight
from t h e i r homes a l l across our country.
I am presenting a plan to build a strong and growing
economy, not only for ourselves but for our children. Our plan
w i l l generate jobs, increase incomes, get the economy moving, and
provide for a future of stable, longterm growth.
With t h i s plan, we can build an America of h i g h - s k i l l , highwage jobs. An America where the middle c l a s s can afford health
care for t h e i r families and higher education for t h e i r children;
where even the most privileged pay their f a i r share, and the most
impoverished move from welfare to work.
To build that future, we need to face the facts —
up to our challenges.
and face
I'm going to t e l l i t to you straight.
Our plan w i l l provide an immediate boost to the economy;
but, even more importantly, i t w i l l build the foundation for a
new generation of economic growth, with business, government, and
labor working together.
Our plan w i l l invest in the transportation and
communications networks that our businesses and our workers need
to compete and win in the world.
Our plan w i l l invest in the education, the s k i l l s , and the
health of every American, from our newborn children, to our
students, to our working men and women, young and old.
Our plan w i l l offer new hope to the people who are the heart
and soul of America: people who work hard, play by the rules, and
have never been afraid to learn new s k i l l s and meet new
challenges.
And, j u s t as we w i l l offer every American the opportunity to
share in the benefits of a growing economy, we w i l l ask every
American to share in the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for the success of t h i s
great cause.
This country was founded by people who solemnly pledged to
each other "our l i v e s , our fortunes, and our sacred honor." And,
�at every moment of change and challenge, Americans have always
understood — and we've always acted upon — the fundamental
truth that we're a l l in t h i s together.
Tonight, I ask every American to take personal
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for our country's future. From those to whom the
most has been given, the most w i l l be asked. And so, I'm starting
with those who serve in our government — and those who stand at
the top of the economic ladder. But I am ask every American to
contribute to t h i s effort, because each of us has a job to do.
As our history reminds us, Americans are at our best
answering alarm b e l l s in the night that summon us to defend the
values that define our democracy.
But now, we face a quieter — but no less urgent — c r i s i s :
the slow but steady erosion of the economic strength that has
made our history a heroic journey that moves forever forward.
Americans are a brave and r e s i l i e n t people. When hard times
know us down, we get back on our feet. When change i s in the a i r ,
there's more spring in our step.
So I'm pleased — but not s u r p r i s e d — to have hopeful news
to report. Consumer confidence i s climbing. More people are
buying new homes. And our working men and women are producing
more than ever before.
This i s cause for optimism —
but not complacency.
Sixteen million men and women are looking for fulltime jobs
but can't find them.
Meanwhile, most people are working longer and harder j u s t to
stay even. Middle c l a s s families have seen t h e i r l i v i n g standards
stagnate for nearly 20 years. And more people fear that a serious
i l l n e s s or injury would devastate their families.
America i s in danger of losing her economic greatness
because too many of our leaders have lost touch with what makes
America great.
For more than a decade, while our economic supremacy was
slipping away, they told us not to worry.
They pretended i t didn't matter that we were losing many of
our best-paying, most highly s k i l l e d jobs. They pretended that,
somehow, some way, some day, skyrocketing health care costs would
come down on t h e i r own. They pretended the d e f i c i t was smaller
than i t was and matters less than i t does.
�They told us economic growth i s a game that only the very
wealthy can play, while the middle c l a s s s i t s on the s i d e l i n e s .
They never understood that, in today's world economy, growth i s
created when every American becomes more s k i l l e d , cares more
about quality, and contributes more our economy.
For a dozen years, they persisted in a f a i l e d experiment.
They cut taxes on the richest individuals and corporations. They
told us that new wealth would " t r i c k l e down" to the r e s t of us.
But...[lack of investment; slow growth; stagnation of incomes].
They told us how much they loved middle c l a s s taxpayers and
hated big government. But, while the average millionaire got a
$XX,XXX tax break every year, the average family pays $XXX more
in federal, state, and local taxes. The d e f i c i t has increased
$XXX b i l l i o n from 1981; the national debt has....; and the debt
per person has grown from $X,XXX to $X,XXX. And, meanwhile, the
number of government employees grew from XX million in 1981 to XX
million now.
Because our leaders wouldn't change America, the people
changed t h e i r leaders.
The people know that we cannot continue on the course we've
been traveling. ...[facts and figures on where we could be at the
s t a r t of the Twenty-First Century].
The people understand that our history and our heritage cry
out against l e t t i n g our economy erode, our nation grow weaker,
and our families get poorer.
That i s why — no matter what party you belong to, no matter
what part of the country you represent, and no matter how long
you have served in Washington — the people have sent you here,
as they have sent me here, with the mandate and the mission to
change America. And we must not forget that mandate nor f a i l in
that mission.
When I took the oath of office on the steps of t h i s Capitol
27 days ago, I said: "We must do what no generation has had to do
before. We must invest more in our own people, in t h e i r jobs and
in t h e i r future, and at the same time cut our massive debt."
The plan I present tonight meets these challenges — and
meets the needs of a nation crying out for bold and basic change.
F i r s t , we're going to jump-start the economy and generate
new jobs. We have an economic stimulus package that begins, as
soon as possible, the investments we must make in our country and
our people.
�That stimulus i s j u s t the f i r s t part of our plan for
longterm growth.
We're going to s t a r t building our future again by investing
in America.
Expanding, entrepreneurial private enterprise must always be
the engine of our economic growth. And our plan w i l l get that
engine running at f u l l throttle.
We're going to offer more incentives than ever before for
business to invest i n American products, American services, and
American jobs.
o Business incentives;
o Small business;
Our government i s going to stand behind companies that
invest i n America, so that they have a f a i r chance to compete and
win on the world markets.
o Trade
And, with our plan for economic growth, the public sector
w i l l make the investments that are needed for business to expand
and create new jobs.
o Transportation.
o Communications.
o Environment.
o Technology.
We're going to reward work again, because the men and women
in our factories and offices hold America's future i n t h e i r
hands.
o Family and Medical Leave [we've accomplished i t already],
o Unemployment insurance/training,
o Other worker programs,
o Welfare-to-work.
And we're going to make work pay again.
I f there i s dignity in a l l work, there must be dignity for
a l l workers. To those who heal our sick, care for our children,
�and do our most dirty and d i f f i c u l t jobs, we make t h i s solemn
commitment: I f you work 40 hours a week and have children at
home, the world's wealthiest nation w i l l no longer l e t you l i v e
in poverty. [Explain EITC].
For a change, we're going to invest i n our own people, from
our infants' health to our children's schools and our workers'
skills.
o Children's programs;
o Head Start;
o Schools;
o Summer jobs;
o National service/ opportunities for college and
apprenticeship.
o Health care;
Yes, we're going to begin a new era, where we build more and
borrow l e s s .
o Explain why d e f i c i t matters; worse than we thought; lead
into what must be done.
o Explain how cutting the d e f i c i t w i l l allow government and
business to invest.
To bring investment up and bring the d e f i c i t down, we're a l l
going to have to contribute — and we're a l l going to have to
change. And, f i r s t , I'm going to ask government to change.
Every family i n America has had to adjust i t s p r i o r i t i e s as
i t has tightened i t s budget. From the giant automakers to the
auto repair shop down the street, every company has had to change
to meet tougher times and tougher competition.
And so must our government. We must lead by example.
That i s why I have cut the White House budget by 25% from
the level i t reached under my predecessor.
And I have signed Executive Orders to cut 100,000
unnecessary positions from the federal bureaucracy over the next
three years and to cut administrative costs by 14%.
With these actions, we w i l l save at least $9 b i l l i o n . And
more importantly, we'll f i n a l l y force the federal government to
�get r i d of unnecessary l a y e r s of management t h a t have b u i l t up
over the y e a r s and choke o f f i n i t i a t i v e w i t h i n the system.
And I w i l l p e r s o n a l l y see to i t t h a t we get r i d of a t l e a s t
one t h i r d of the X,XXX obscure advisory commissions t h a t have
been growing l i k e mushrooms i n the dark. There are hundreds of
these commissions with missions few people remember and names
y o u ' l l never know — from the Board of Tea Experts, to the
Weather and Climate Coordinating Committee, to the Advisory Panel
for the D i c t i o n a r y of Occupational T i t l e s .
We don't need a government t h a t generates Advisory Panels
for the D i c t i o n a r y of Occupational T i t l e s . We need a government
t h a t generates jobs f o r Americans.
Across every department, I have ordered my c a b i n e t
s e c r e t a r i e s to root out waste l i k e posh executive d i n i n g rooms,
the widespread use of government limousines, and other perks and
p r i v i l e g e s t h a t d r i v e a wedge between the people and t h e i r
government.
We're going to give you a government t h a t does more with
less.
o P o l i t i c a l reform/lobbying
reform.
A f t e r more than a dozen years of tax w i n d f a l l s f o r the
wealthy, we're going to ask the fortunate few to pay t h e i r f a i r
share of taxes f o r a change.
o Taxes on the
wealthy
o Taxes on l a r g e corporations.
We're going to get r i d of the tax i n c e n t i v e s f o r the l a r g e s t
corporations to overpay t h e i r top e x e c u t i v e s which shortchanging
investments i n people and products. I f a corporation wants to pay
t h e i r c h i e f executive o f f i c e r a m i l l i o n or more d o l l a r s a year,
t h a t ' s t h e i r own business d e c i s i o n . But we w i l l take away t h e i r
tax deduction f o r i t .
Only a f t e r we have cut the c o s t of government and made sure
t h a t the w e a l t h i e s t i n d i v i d u a l s and the l a r g e s t corporations are
bearing t h e i r share of the burden, w i l l I ask the r e s t of the
American people to make a c o n t r i b u t i o n t h a t i s f a i r and e s s e n t i a l
for our economy to grow.
o Energy tax, e t c .
We didn't get i n t o t h i s mess overnight. We won't get out of
i t overnight. And we won't get out of i t a t a l l u n l e s s we p u l l
together and get to work.
�Starting tonight, we must choose between two paths to our
own future and our children's future.
The road we've been traveling takes us to more debt and
disappointment, to stagnation interrupted only by recession, to
slow growth i n output, low growth in jobs, and no growth i n
incomes. I f we don't change our direction, we'll see our
democracy mired in blame and bickering; our society coming apart,
not coming together; and our children condemned to a lesser l i f e
than t h e i r parents enjoyed.
There are those who
road we're traveling.
say we can afford to continue on the
Some say everything i s fine when things are better on Wall
Street. I w i l l know things are better when there are new jobs and
r i s i n g incomes and thriving businesses on Main Street.
And some folks here in Washington think the best thing we
can do i s nothing. I think those people have been in Washington
too long. I w i l l never forget my commitment to the American
people to do something to change t h i s country for the better.
The new path that I'm asking a l l of us to pursue w i l l not be
easy, but i t w i l l take us to a future worthy of our values. The
only way to r a i s e our standard of l i v i n g i s to remember the
standards by which we l i v e .
Most Americans never bought into the greed and g l i t z , the
deception and denial, that characterized the decade whose
f a i l u r e s haunt us now. Most of us were appalled when a privileged
few indulged themselves in reckless speculation and luxurious
consumption, excluding us from the banquet but leaving us with
the b i l l . And now we are ready to lead our country back to values
that are more durable because they are more decent: the American
traditions of offering opportunity, demanding r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ,
honoring hard work, and providing for our future.
For too long, our leaders have told us to ask only what we
can do for ourselves. And, at the end of t h e i r season of
selfishness, we find ourselves not with more prosperity but with
l e s s . Now i s the time for us to work together in a new season of
service and c i t i z e n s h i p .
For each generation of Americans, there comes a time when
the shape of their legacy i s cast. For today's Americans, that
time i s now. From t h i s time forward, we w i l l forever be judged by
the decisions we make and the actions we take. Let us resolve to
leave a legacy that ennobles our l i v e s , honors our history, and
builds our future.
�8
I n our plan f o r economic growth, each of us has a job t o do.
We're asking parents t o help t h e i r c h i l d r e n have a healthy s t a r t
i n l i f e . We're asking young people t o meet higher standards i n
t h e i r classrooms and t o s e t new standards of s e r v i c e i n t h e i r
communities. We're asking people who r e c e i v e p u b l i c a s s i s t a n c e to
s e i z e new o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o move from w e l f a r e t o work. We're
asking working people to l e a r n new s k i l l s , assume new
r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , and become f u l l shareholders i n an economy t h a t
produces the world's best goods and s e r v i c e s and provides the
world's best wages and b e n e f i t s . And we're asking business people
to i n v e s t i n America and p r o f i t from the p r o s p e r i t y of our
country.
To r e v i v e our economy, we must renew our democracy.
Tonight, I ask everyone i n t h i s chamber t o remember t h a t the
people sent us here, not to p l e a s e but t o l e a d . As you debate and
decide on our plan, ask y o u r s e l f whether what you a r e saying and
doing s e r v e s the p u b l i c i n t e r e s t or a s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t , whether
you a r e f u r t h e r i n g or f r u s t r a t i n g the great goal of economic
growth. And I ask you t o consider t h a t , as we decide which road
to t r a v e l , delay i s not an option, and change i s our only choice.
Form a s P r e s i d e n t Kennedy once s a i d : "There a r e r i s k s and c o s t s
to a program of a c t i o n . But they a r e f a r l e s s than the longrange r i s k s and c o s t s of comfortable i n a c t i o n . "
And, t o those who a r e watching us i n your homes, I ask each
of you to become a p a r t i c i p a n t , not a s p e c t a t o r , i n the great
drama of democracy. Every day, outside the doors of these
h i s t o r i c chambers, there a r e lawyers and l o b b y i s t s f o r p r i v i l e g e d
and powerful i n t e r e s t s . The defenders of the s t a t u s quo, the
a p o l o g i s t s f o r greed and g r i d l o c k , w i l l not l i k e our plan
because, i n t h e i r comfort, they have l o s t s i g h t of our common
problems. I f p o l i t i c s as u s u a l p r e v a i l s , t h e i r v o i c e s w i l l be
louder than yours, our plan w i l l be n i t p i c k e d and nibbled t o
death, and we w i l l stumble down the path of d e c l i n e and decay.
That i s why I ask you to watch us every day as you a r e
watching us tonight, to keep informed, t o get involved, and t o
make your v o i c e heard, loud and c l e a r , so t h a t no one can mistake
or ignore your c a l l f o r a c t i o n and f o r change. For i f we do not
work together, nothing w i l l change i n t h i s country. And i f we
stand together, nothing w i l l stop us.
Four weeks ago, I asked you to j o i n me i n f o r c i n g a change
of season, from the c o l d winter of neglect to the b r i g h t s p r i n g
of renewal. Tonight, I ask you t o j o i n with me i n making t h i s a
time t o sow, so t h a t we and our c h i l d r e n may reap the greatness
of t h i s b l e s s e d land.
�FEB 17 '93 19=59
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WEDNESDAY, PEiRUAStY 17,1593
Response of House Republican Leader Robert H. Michel
to President Clinton's Address to the Joint Session of Congress
Good evening, tonight you and I witnessed a colorful ritual - a new president
of the United States addressing a joint session of Congress for thefirsttime The
great chamber of the House rang out with cheers for the President It was, as always,
a thrilling spectacle. But now the last echo of thefinalcheer has faded away. The
ceremony is,over. It's time to put aside the pomp and circumstance. It's time to get
to work for America.
That's what Fd like to briefly visit with you about: how your government
can work better for you. Don't worry, I have no props, noflip-charts,no pointer, no
electronic gimmicks. I don't even have a 1-800 number for you to call. Fd just like
to talk with you as though we were having a cup of coffee back in my hometown of
Peoria.
It is a chance to ask some questions about where our nation ia heading, the
kinds of questions you might ask if you were here. We Americans are a questioning
people; it is part of our national character. In fact we may be the only nation whose
national anthem begins and ends with a question. So, in questioning the direction
of the administration, we are acting in a great American tradition.
All of us - Democrats, Republicans, Perot supporters, Independents - want
our new president to succeed. We want to help him do therightthing. But the
only way we can help him is by candidly letting him know how we feel about his
announced policies.
Our new President has an excellent chance to be successful. Because of the
leadership of Presidents Reagan and Bush, our nation does not face a nuclear threat
President Sush handed over to the President an economy that is growing, not
shrinking, and a rate of worker productivity that is rising, not falMng. As a matter of
fact, the past 12 years of Republican leadership have built a strong foundation for
progress.
We agree with the President that we have to put more people to work, but
rememben 80% to 85% of the new jobs in this country are created by small business.
So the climate for starting and expanding businesses must be enhanced with tax
incentives and deregulation, rather than imposing higher taxes and more
governmental mandates.
The President speaks of the half-million new jobs that will be created by his
economic stimulus program. But, there are estimates that doing it his way will cost
tax payers some $55 thousand per job. It should be noted that last year alone the
private sector created a million-and-a-half new jobs on its own.
We have to make certain that government action helps, not hinders, the
growing economy.
�FEB 17 '93 19:59
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-2After listening to the President tonight, do you know what the President's
long-range economic strategy is? I don't - and, I must say, I wonder if he does. All
we are certain of is that the administration Is engaged in a media blitz to "sell" his
program.
The Clinton spin-doctors have even given us a new political vocabulary:
"Tnvestmejnt now means Big Government spending your tax dollars. "Change"
now means reviving old, discredited Big Government tax-and-spend schemes.
"Patriotism" now means agreeing with the Clinton program. The powerful,
evocative word, "sacriBce" has been reduced to the level of a bumper sticker slogan.
And, my favorite ""contributjon"- is now the new word for "taxes". O April 15,
just try telling the Internal Revenue Service you don't feel like "contributing" this
year.
M
The administra'don is about to launch the biggest propaganda campaign in
recent political history. The White House is even now becoming one big partisan
political megaphone. But public relations campaigns are no substitute for sound
public policy.
Tonight the President mentioned a number of new programs that inevitably
will cost considerable sums of money. Laudable as they might be, how do we pay for
them?
Ihe President's answer is: more taxes on everyone. In 1992, candidate
Clinton said: tax only the super-rich. In 1993, President Clinton now says: if you
earn more than $30,000, your taxes are going up. So much for not taxing the middle
class.
The American people would do well to remember; when you hear a
Democrat call for taxes, do not ask for whom the taxrises- it will rise for you.
There are those who say some taxes are a necessary evil. The difference is that
Democrats stress the word "necessary" and Republicans stress the word "evil".
The President was short on specifics again tonight - probably because he
keeps juggling the figures. He offers no bench-marks, no coherent economic
principles by whichtojudge what it is he is hoping to achieve.
These fragmented, ad-hoc proposals are the kind of thing that might be
excused in the heat of a campaign. But, Mr. President, the campaign is over. You
won. The time has come to park the bus and stan the hard work of governing.
And one of the hardest parts of that work is the vital question of health care
reform. Will there be rationing of care? Will there be job-destroying mandates on
employers?
Republicans believe in your right to select the doctor of your choice, your
right to immediate care without long waiting lines, and preserving the best of what
our health care svstem has to offer.
�^
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Does the administration share these principles?
As I said, these are some oi the questions we have to ask. The anewm ws gdt
will determine the kind of future we will have. And we RgpiMcaw are here to ask
the tough questions, cut through the rhetoric, and gettfiejob done. But we do need
your help.
My father, a French immigrant, used to tell me: ifs better to listen 90% of the
time - for that leaves you only 1 % for talking. Throughout my life in public
0
service/ Tve fried to take his advice. And I know my party is listening to your voice,
because we share your basic principles.
Our Republican governors, our state legislators, our local elected officials, and
of coursje, those of us in the United States House and Senate are all part of the same
team.
We owe it to you to make clear the ideas at the heart of our polides. And
here are a few: We Republicans, and I think it's fair to say a great body of Perot
supporters, insist on cutting spending as the best way to real deficit reductionWe'd like to support the President on an honest line-item veto that applies
not only to pork barrel spending but to special interests tax loopholes.
We will continue to press for a balanced budget amendment.
We want to help President Clinton in his efforts to spur savings and
investmentsWe hope he will strive to maintain the current low rates of interest and
inflation he inherited from George Bush.
And let's not forget we still live in a tough and often brutal world. Our
national destiny is linked to our ability to compete in a global economy and to
defend our interests and our values around the world. That's why we need to
maintain a strong defense and stay on the cutting edge of high technology.
I'd like to address a few closing comments directly to the President.
Mr. President, we wish you well. President Reagan and President Bush have
given you a solid foundation of peace and a growing economy on which to build.
You have a wonderful opportunity to succeed.
When your domestic programs and policies are based on sound economic
principles, common sense, and traditional American values, we Republicans will be
with you. When your foreign policy is based on defending American interests and
American values first and foremost, we will be with you. But when those great
values are missingfromyour proposals, we Republicans will be there to ask the
tough questions and to provide effective answers.
�FEB 17 '93
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To all o£ yoy,. Thanks for listening.
M
As the "desigmted Republican qu®feioner tonight, I know I speak for all
elected Republicans, among our governors, within the state legislatures and in the
U.S. House and Senate, when I say. In the months ahead we will be visiting with
you, - whether the issue is health care, crime, education or the economy. We will
be listening and ready to react to your concerns. Make your voice count - You can
make a difference.
Thank' you and have a good evening.
�December 21, 1993
MEMORANDUM FOR
DAVID GERGEN
GEORGE STEPHANOPOULOS
MARK GEARAN
FROM:
MICHAEL WALDMAN
SUBJECT:
^STATE-OF-THE-UNION
I understand that you have begun to plan the message and content of the
State of the Union address, and, by extension, the year. I'm sure you have gotten
plenty of input on what should be i n the speech, and while you may not need more
free advice, I have put some thoughts down on paper and wanted to share them
with you.
I do think i t is imperative that this speech not be a laundry list. I t will
only be memorable - and have a significant impact - i f i t holds together as an
argument based on a distinct and memorable theme. Last year's speech had the
convenient organizing principle of unveiling the economic plan (even then, i t
threatened to become a laundry list); this year i t will be much harder. I see a few
options:
* Preparing the U.S. to win i n a changing world - This is the one that I
would recommend. I t has the advantage of roping i n both domestic and foreign
policy. I t would carry forward some of the visionary themes used during the
NAFTA fight (hope vs. fear; future vs. past; we can't ignore a rapidly changing
world, we must make i t work for us). I t would take into account the disorder i n
the world, geopolitical as well as economic. And i t builds on the work of the first
year ("We began by getting our economic house in order").
Now, we will only be able to compete in the new, changing global
marketplace i f we provide health security and personal security for our
people; i f we reinvent our government and reform our politics; i f we give our
workers the best training and education in the world; i f we fight to open
markets to our products (i.e., GATT); and i f we are not hobbled by a
dysfunctional underclass (i.e., welfare reform). And we will only lead the
world i f we preserve a strong military; etc.
I t risks being elitist in tone, however. So i f this approach is chosen, the
President would have to stress that the reason we need to be ready to compete
and lead is because that is how to protect the middle class and ensure its
prosperity.
* Security. This message played well among consegnienti, but the American
people never heard the arguments or speeches. This works especially well on
�health care, crime, worker training; but it's more of a stretch when i t comes to
welfare reform, reinventing gov't/political reform, or foreign policy generally.
* Health care. A third option would be to focus heavily on health care -- to
make the speech 60% health care, 40% everything else. "Above all else, this year
we must provide health security for all our people. Everything else we must do -no matter how important -- will pale in significance."
* The middle dass. There may be no need to have a unifying theme more
complicated than "This year, we will dedicate our efforts to the security and
advancement of the middle class." This would particularly encompass health care,
worker training, crime and, I would argue, making government work for the
middle class (i.e., political reform).
�
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Title
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Michael Waldman
Description
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<p>Michael Waldman was Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1995-1999. His responsibilities were writing and editing nearly 2,000 speeches, which included four State of the Union speeches and two Inaugural Addresses. From 1993 -1995 he served as Special Assistant to the President for Policy Coordination.</p>
<p>The collection generally consists of copies of speeches and speech drafts, talking points, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, handwritten notes, articles, clippings, and presidential schedules. A large volume of this collection was for the State of the Union speeches. Many of the speech drafts are heavily annotated with additions or deletions. There are a lot of articles and clippings in this collection.</p>
<p>Due to the size of this collection it has been divided into two segments. Use links below for access to the individual segments:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+1">Segment One</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+2">Segment Two</a></p>
Creator
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Michael Waldman
Office of Speechwriting
Date
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1993-1999
Identifier
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2006-0469-F
Extent
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Segment One contains 1071 folders in 72 boxes.
Segment Two contains 868 folders in 66 boxes.
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Text
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paper
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State of the Union 2-17-93
Creator
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Office of Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
Is Part Of
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Box 51
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36404"> Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7763296">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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2006-0469-F Segment 2
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White House Staff and Office Files
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
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6/3/2015
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7763296
42-t-7763296-20060469F-Seg2-051-011-2015