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�No. 279
THE END OF REPRESENTATION
How Congress Stifles Electoral Competition
BY ERIC O'KEEFE AND AARON STEELMAN
For t h e p a s t s e v e r a l decades, t h e r e e l e c t i o n r a t e f o r
members o f t h e House o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s has hovered around 90
percent.
I n 1996 i t exceeded 94 p e r c e n t .
The reasons t h a t
incumbents have enjoyed such tremendous e l e c t o r a l success a r e
numerous.
House members f r e q u e n t l y engage i n p o r k - b a r r e l p o l i t i c s .
Many b r i n g home p e t p r o j e c t s t h a t b e n e f i t t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s
and, as a consequence, t h e i r own chances f o r r e e l e c t i o n . I n
a d d i t i o n , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s use myriad t a x p a y e r - f u n d e d p e r q u i s i t e s t o spread t h e i r messages and enhance t h e i r v i s i b i l i t y .
Incumbents a l s o a r e a b l e t o h e l p t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s w i t h
v a r i o u s problems t h a t t h e y may encounter w i t h t h e f e d e r a l
bureaucracy. Such h e l p , known as c o n s t i t u e n t s e r v i c e , i s
made necessary by t h e i n c r e a s i n g s i z e o f government and can
s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e an incumbent's a p p r o v a l r a t i n g .
Moreover, c u r r e n t campaign laws r e s t r i c t i n g t h e amount o f
money t h a t a c a n d i d a t e can r a i s e from an i n d i v i d u a l o r group
d e t e r many p o t e n t i a l c h a l l e n g e r s and g r e a t l y reduce t h e
e l e c t o r a l chances o f those who decide t o r u n .
Proposals t h a t
would r e g u l a t e campaign f i n a n c e even more would o n l y f u r t h e r
e n t r e n c h incumbents.
To c o u n t e r t h e many e l e c t o r a l advantages t h a t incumbents
now enjoy, a number o f reforms c o u l d be implemented. Reducing t h e s i z e o f government would s h r i n k t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s and
n e c e s s i t y f o r c o n s t i t u e n t s e r v i c e . E l i m i n a t i n g campaign
c o n t r i b u t i o n l i m i t s would enable more c a n d i d a t e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y those w i t h views o u t s i d e t h e mainstream, t o wage v i a b l e
campaigns. Most o f a l l , imposing term l i m i t s on members o f
Congress would ensure t h a t p a r t y l e a d e r s and committee c h a i r men would n o t become p a r t o f a permanent r u l i n g c l a s s .
Since
c u r r e n t members o f Congress have l i t t l e e l e c t o r a l i n c e n t i v e
t o pass such measures, a n a t i o n a l movement t o r e j e c t those
seeking c a r e e r s i n Congress w i l l be r e q u i r e d .
Eric O'Keefe
is treasurer
of U.S.
man is s t a f f writer
at the Cato
Term
Limits,
Institute.
Aaron
Steel-
INSTITUTE
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
an RepuLlicans and Democrats A^ree
on Campaign Finance Reform?
YES!
Former memters of Congress already do.
^.jt^rt^:!'!;™;:' ''rr sv™^- - < - —
STATEMENT OF FORMER MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
'•A
Wc arc pleased to join former Presidents Bush, Carter and Ford in expressing the hope that the currem Congress enacr
ineaninghil hiparcisan campaign finance reform legislation.
..ii
1
The distinguisheil former Presidents have identified the indispensahle core of reform: (1) a ban on "soft money" eontribnlions
to the national parties and rheir campaign orgaiiizarinns, applied equal!}' to contributions ol corporate and union treasury funds,
as well as to latge individual contributions in excess of those permitted by law; (2) complete and rapid disclosure of political
contributions and expenses; and (3) effective and politically independent enforcement of campaign finance laws.
4
Some of us favor additional proposals, including provisions to assure that a ban on "sotx money" is not citcumvented thtough
campaign advertisements ihat are thinly disguised as "issue advocacy." Together we believe it is time to test the menis ol diflerenl
or compering ideas through debate and votes, hut that any disagreement over further reforms should not deb)' enactment of
essential measures, beginning with a ban on soft money, where agreement is within reach.
Our democraq' will be strengthened when the Congress acts to assuie the American public thar the nation's campaign
finance svstem honors our nation's ideals.
1
N,,ncy K a s s e U n n B n k - r (R-KS) • Waller E Montlnle ( D - M N ) • I W r m l H . B.iloer, Jr. ( R - T N ) • Henry
I
Bullmon ( R - O K ) • David L . Boren ( D - O K ) -
Bill Bradley (D-NJ) • Joint C. D a n f o r l l i ( R - M O ) •
Tliomas F. Eaglcton ( D - M O ) • Mark O. H a t f i e l d (R-OR) • Rol>eit H . Micl.ul (R-1L) • Aliner J. MiLva
(D-1L)
• Sam N t i n n ( D - G A ) • Patricia S. Scliroeder ( D - C O ) • A l a n K. S impson ( R - W Y ) • Joined In-
Senators; Wendell Anderson ( D - M N ) • MarL- Andrews ( R - N D ) • Rudy Boscliwitz ( R - M N ) • W i l l i a m
1
Brock- ( R - T N ) • Edtvard Brooke ( R - M A ) • Jin. Broyltill ( R - N C ) • Dick Clark ( D - I A ) • A l a n Cranston
( D - C A ) • Joint Culver ( D - I A ) ' James Exon ( D - N E ) • Slieila Frahm (R-KS) • C l i f f o r d Hansen (R-
'I
WY) • Fred Harris ( D - O K ) • Howe 1 H e f U ( D - A L ) ' Walter Huddleston ( D - K Y ) • Russell I -ong (D1
LA)
• Mike Mansfield ( D - M T )
• Ckarles
Malkias ( R - M D )
• Jol.n Melcl.er ( D - M T )
• Howard
M e t z e n U . m ( D - O H ) • George Mitcliell ( D - M E ) • Frank (Ted) Moss ( D - U T ) • Gaylord Nelson ( D Wl)
• Clail.otne Pell ( D - R I ) • David Pryor ( D - A R ) • Warren Rudmdn ( R - N H ) • Terry Sanford ( D -
NC)
• Richard ScWeiker (R-PA) • Paul Simon ( D - I L ) • W. B. Spong ( D - V A ) • Rokcrt S t a f f o r d (R-
VT)
• Representatives: Bella Ahzug ( D - N Y ) • Bol) Bergland ( D - M N ) • Joint Brademas ( D - I N ) •
Clarence Brow,, ( R - O H ) • Beverly Byron ( D - M D ) • Rod Cliandler (R-WA) • Tony Coellio ( D - C A ) •
Barker Conakle ( R - N Y ) • Hal Daul) ( R - N E ) • Jol.n Dellenkack (R-OR) • Butler Derrick (D-SC) •
Tom
Downey ( D - N Y ) • Bernard J. Dwyer (D-NJ) • Don Edwards ( D - C A ) • Mickey Edwards ( R - O K ) •
Robert Ellswortli (R-KS) • K aran Engkid, ( D - A Z ) • Dante Fascell ( D - F L ) • Don Fraser ( D - M N ) •
GeralJine Ferraro ( D - N Y ) • B i l l Frenzel ( R - M N ) • Tkomas H a r l n e t l (R-SC) • Peter Hoagland ( D NE)
• C a r r o l l HuLbard ( D - K Y ) • Martlta Keys (D-KS) • Melvin Laird ( R - W l ) • Marjorie Margolies-
Mezvinsky ( D - P A ) • Romano L . Mazzoli ( D - K Y ) • Paul McCloskey (R-CA) • Join. M i l l e r (R-WA) •
Dick Nicluds (R-KS) • Leon Panetta ( D - C A ) • Albert Quie ( R - M N ) • John Rkodes, 111 ( R - A Z ) •
Mattltew Rinaldo (R-NJ) • Peter Rodino (D-NJ) • W i l l i a m R. Roy ( D - K S ) • Lynn Sckenk ( D - C A ) •
( D - U T ) • Jim Slaltery ( D - K S ) • A l S«-ifl ( D - W A ) •
Agreement i , WitKin Re cl,_Let' Not Lose T U Cklance
a
S
...,,,,,,„,,,.,.,„,:,,.„,..,,
„...,„
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 32 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
Limits on Soft Money Are Limits on Free Speech
Continued from page 10
politicians trying lo gag our ability to commeni on their perfonnance.
Which brings us to the mosl troubling md
inexplicable aspect of ihis whole debate —
the role of the mainstream media. A ijtiick
sampling of editorials from ihe major dailies
around ihe country reveals overwhelming
support lor campaign finance reform that includes spending limils on vinually everyone.
The very people who are always quick lo point
oul lhal even the most indecenl tit'malerials
desei"vc piolecnon under Ihe birsl Amendment are failing to defend the lundamenlnl
righi of the fieedom ol poliiical s|ieech.
Oihcrwive lomcal people are willing io accept ucarlv auylhiii!!. :i> IOIIL; as il is deemed
lo he uiilnn ihe rubne »if "r anipaign finance
iL't'nini."' lli^; MiiLUnal Mct'ain-I cmuoU hill.
taxes so lhal polilicians can bas e easier lives.
What would life be like in a posi-campaign
finance refonn world? If the crowd succeeds
in enacting spending limils on candidates and
gagging the ability of citizen groups to speak
out, then voters won't get much inl'oniiation
directly from candidates or iheir allies. Campaigns will lie prohibited by law from speaking oul beyond their federally assigned limRealizing lhal Ihe conns frown on s|viidiiig ils, and cili/en groups w ill have been silenced.
limits, ihe lactic generally used io hail candiWhere will people find information on the
dates into accepting ••voluntary" spending lim- merits and beliefs of ihe candidates'.' Where
its is some fonnot public financing.This is ihe w ill ihey be able lo go to develop an informed
liberal sohnion toreservthmg — gosenimcn- opinion on ln>w to vnic'.'
ti/c il. .uui base the l.txpavcr pay loi it.
1 can llllllkol'onl v one insiiliilien lh.il u n i i f . l
Tliis is one idea lhal I don'i worn' loo much he icli uiileiMil.ileil and able lo spend aio
ahoui No mailer how much the left howls loi
amoiiMi ol money il pleases — [lie piess The
campaign 1 nance refonn. I liau'wi lo.see anv news media iiicreaMiigh ^onlit IVCOHH [lie
1
.ippclile among ihe \nlcrs t'oi pasiiie moie coniu'llci.'. ol'ihe mcssa'ie and ilie onlv wav
in addition to being ;in assault on f ree speech,
would eenainly have resulted in voters being
less informed as ihey emered ihe voting
btxilhs on Iileclion Day. Conlribulion limils
and spending limits will always, lesull in lewercommunications witli the voters, which will
always result in voicrs knowing less about the
positions and belief's of the candidalcs. which
will always resuli in poor voter lumuui.
1
fubhe
i.'.mliiHu.i Irf.rn pa:4. IU
so !inpu 'ir-.
:i:
, ,
1
.1
'lit 1]|M"
i'.iiMcuhr
I Dc
• TIlC
'h:;l l , k
• •iKiilcn-jci-, .»i I'lllk-I p j l l V •AtHlKl
1
i i i ! v i Y ! ; n - . l i M ilii iv onlv parinll .
io ;i '.;i-.l,iit:i.Sj-CIlilll]^' in l ion.-v
Scii il.? s it'.Mtills
;
,
UMCIICJ IVCIJH) U\u\\\ in I " ' * ' ! . I'uivin;.: Icuisl.iims io ticMtic nioic iinic \o ilic li'.iniic ^c;iiYh
I'm cmnp.iiiii dolhti.s. P;l^^ing icionn. ;isi(]c
(rom ;iny puhlK' appliiiisL' llicy may [ccciw.
woukl slow ihe ik-ltihialing moncv chase ami
make Members' lives more iivahle.
RcpuNicans can take com Ion thai, if Ihey
UOJIIJI;^. ihev n'illonJybebclfjinLiihem.sclve.s.
Focus on your smile...
Everyone else does!
1
IKVCI io ,li> a I', n o i \ bo.lv.
:
;
'iTin il.,-s.: M\I...I;IIIV. I-lii'.!!. j-.ifliCs' [.-[''.Till- ' all
.II-sui;..- • a kind .a [ .ililiC
I'lil'lic linancin-;. .
•jr'iul
UKilsi.'ii'L: :'.:n'ls. •.'.oul.I ...[.uvll •i-.ui.' m:,!.::iaialcii (iC'P JMIICII'J'.-I•• uiii' c.'iiii.-nl'.'.ii.
!•'.l^nl l . .'AC-., oi I'.'.aiali-. a l-,'aliac ;-;! M .'t. alli-f.'lilg.'li.i, also anl SA |-'niili. aas — -sjn-uall;, hccaiisc l.i:-..>i• do ['jvc nuaic;.
a. Ilciii.-ciauc challenge:'',
'I he GOPviclopy in I'i'W sent many PACs
sctanibliug lo support kepublican inctiinlients — but not Is'epublican challengers. In
I'Wfi. COP challengers conlinued in relalivc
powily, oiilS|)cn( by ilieir Democralic nvals
ihev can air
If we aie ^'oin;: . > re.sinct licesp,
aliiim ii IV..a: p:rN'
'' i.|'l citmcy lciM*-a •
!•.;...Mkcholdcrs. •i„v
'lihiK'JIl'.
(.(.M '''-•ISM':.
. Ilir. p,
that ciuitlidales could gel their message out to
voters would Iv lo be featured in television,
radio, and ncwspajier coverage.
It is lor Ihis reason that thinking Republicans look so i|uiz/.iciilly al ibose lew GOPers
who favor ihe McCain-Feingold approach to
campaign refonn.
For those who support attacks on lice
speech, such as ihose in the many versions
of the McCain-Feingold hill, perhaps they
should follow this thinking through toils logical conclusion. Thev must ihen be w illing
lo place limils on ihe number of news stories
the media can run. the numbci ol editoiial.s
dies' can piml. ihe niimbci of newspapers
ihev can sell, and die iiiimhei ol news shows
Ihe |
iim.'lv
s i l i . - , Ii:
Ullrpeoplcv iii
oi lo al'lecl. i'la- i
l-,.r,.
i.. ii.a i- .IN ,-ii\ ami ,1c, I-ICIIL
l . lla', -•.'• ij. llicn hands all.": ;n
ci:....,!. sa;. ma ••.ill ni' llisci ,1..
T. ii.,ii:ncl\.ihc:.iiii.tu.,i
als mi Iiainnne lice srs-,.
ll ic Csuili ihiilion In n'ls .
i i j i i i - s.'I'l nii.n.--; ...ciild
omf i c l l 0\\ 11. I. r i-ks-l Cl ,.li-K;::l Cai Kli.ialcs
,
1
,
I l!Ci|ii''.'.:ioiiconscn.' iiiu .sl!a\ei.M.ld['. .-.s
1
is: \Mi\ I M rely on IIISIIIKIIIC.' Whs
c'ni clic. i is Jesiicscu. Mccl
cnl',- •.-.•ivi.s acailr-l l-iclriMci
cj ii.'i'.am aii..i uiiiisiiaj.
acin. all;,, iiian - -i.pji.-i:ci:. .a a discsi
•.aic-onl;. icaiu-c iiiKlcislaiiil ihis aspcci .a
iikiiiiil-en,-/... hen lln.-v lalk ahoul lenn Inn
Us. This is not ihe. HUH- OI place loi arguing
lenn limils. Novciihelcss. those w'hosiippori
the idea ought io undcrsiand how iheir suspicions sliutild lead (hem directly to cunli ibution limils and a ban on soft monev.
ppiol
aiai
noi
deiegulaiion'.''fhe posiiioii has some miiial
app.'al lhat fades II|XIII closer cxantinaiion.
The disclosure-only hill stipponed hv a
inajoi'ily of House Kcpiihlitans lias good
prtivisions, hul lor disclosure to be an cltec-
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�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 34 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
HILL CUMBERS
B Darren G o e
y
od
Longtime All ard Flack
Moves From Colorado
Office to Capitol Hill
A
lready looking ahead to 1998 is Sen.
Wayne Allard (R-Colo), who has announced that Sean Conway will be his
new press secretary on the Hill beginning in
January.
He is replacing Dick Wadhams. who has
been named campaign manager for Colorado
state Treasurer Bill Owen.s's(R) gubernatorial campaign.
Conway, 38, knows how to flack for the
Senator. He is now Allard's state press secretary, and from 1991 to 1996, he was press secretary to Allard when the Coloradan was a
Member of the House.
After graduating from Fort Lewis College
in 1982 with a bachelor's in political science,
Pholo bv Shana Raah
Conway started his Congressional career with Working for the Ashcroft team are (seated) Farrell Gait, James Carter, (standing, from
an eight-year stint working for former Sen. left) Paul Clement, James Odom, Chris Huff, Chuck DeFeo, and Brenda Janowiak.
Bill .Armstrong (R-Colo), first as his Pueblo
office field director and later as state director. sues. The 25-year-old Colorado native lemed this summer in Allard's office in DenAllard has made some other changes on his moves up from the post of constituent cor- ver, her hometown.
respondent.
SHOW ME NEW STAFFERS: Quite a
I-'Lislnlive leam.
Cogar's olher Hill experience includes in- few staff changes have occurred in the office
Gwcii Landwehr has been promoted to
LA. She will be in charge of telecommunica- ternships in the office of Sen. Kay Bailey of Missouri Sen. lohn Ashcroft (R).
Hutchison (R-Te.xas).
tions, energy, labor, and science issues.
John Mashbum, Ashcroft's LD, is leavHe has a 1996 bachelor's degree in history ing the Hill to become of counsel at the DC
Landwehr, 25, interned for then-Rep. Allard in his state office while still a student at from the University of Northern Colorado.
firm Preston, Gates, Ellis & Rouvelas, Meeds,
the University of Colorado, where she reAllard has also hired two constituent cor- LLP. He will handle both legislative and lobceived a bachelor's degree in political science respondents. Roger Brown, 23, works pri- bying matters.
in 1994. She then worked for two years as a marily as an assistant to Landwehr and hanMashbum, 41, had worked for ten years on
scheduler and legislative assistant for Allard, dles small-business issues. He graduated from Capitol Hill. In 1987, he went straight from
itnd in 1996 became his deputy legislative as- the University of Denver wilh a bachelor's in law school to Sen. Jesse Hehns's (R-NC) ofsistant.
public affairs and English in 1996. He is from fice, where he served as legislative counsel.
Littleton, Colo.
She is from Greeley. Colo.
In 1995, he moved to Ashcroft's office as LD.
Charles Cogar is now deputy LA for
Brooke Morton, 22, is the correspondent
A four-year Army veteran, he left the seragricuhure, environment, and mining is- in charge of governmental affairs, postal ser- vice in 1979 and ihen spent the next couple of
vice, civil service, and DC issues.
years going to school full time and working
Morton graduated from the University of wilh his brother on their Silver Hammer ConColorado at Boulder Ihis year wilh a bache- stniction Company in Charlotte, N.C.
lor's degree in political science, and then inMashbum has a 1984 bachelor's degree in
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economics from North Carolina Stale University and a 1987 J.D. from ihe University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill Law School. Heis from Lexingion, N.C.
Missouri native James Carter has been
hired as Ashcroft's new economic, budget, and
lax counsel. He conies over from ihe Senau
Governmental Affairs sulvommillee on ovei
sight of govemment management, restnicturing, and the Dislrict of Columbia, where Ikhad been a member of Ihe professional staff.
Before thai, he served for three years as economic counsel lo then-Republican National
Committee Chairmtui Haley Barbour.
In 1993, he was assistant to ihen-Offiee of
Management and Budget Deputy DirectorAIice Rivlin.
Carter, 28, graduated from Northeast Missouri Stale University with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1991. He received
a master's degree in public administration
from George Mason University in 1993.
Farrell Gait, 22, is Ashcroft's new publicrelations specialist. The St. Louis native interned for Ashcroft in the summer of 1995.
She received a bachelor's degree in history
from Franklin and Marshall College this year.
Chris Huff, 25, is Ashcroft's new legislative aide for the Judiciary Committee. He interned for Ashcroft dunngthesummerof 1996.
Bom in Mexico, Mo., Huff graduated with
a bachelor's degree in history from Southwest
Baptist University in 1995 and is one class
short of earning a master's in public policy
from Regent University's RoK-rtson School
ot Government.
Chuck DeFeo has some new responsibi:.
lies in Ashcroft's otfice. He will serve as a legislative correspondent for banking, commerce, energy, and labor issues, as a legislative assistant for environmental issues, and he
will help to maintain the Senaior's Web site.
DeFeo has worked in both the Washington
;uid Kansas City ollices. He slarled as an inleni in DC from January lo April 1996, ihen
moved up to staff assistant until July of lhal
year, when he moved back to Kansas Ciry tn
finish school and serve as staff assislant/lield
represenlalive in the dislrict office.
The 23-year-old Kansas City native graduated from the University of Missouri at Kansas
City with a bachelor's degree in political science this year.
James Odom, 25. is the new LA in chaigc
of foreign affairs and defense.
lie interned at ihe Senaie Republica'i P
cy Committee during ihe sun mi. a . .f 1992,ai.
al Ihe Senaie Foreign Relalions Comim;
during ihe summer of 1996.
Odom, a product of Lawton. Okla., received a bachelor's degree in religion and e.
nomics from Baylor University in 1994, and
wenl on lo earn a master's in foreign affairs ai
Georgetown University in 1996.
Brenda Janowiak, 23, has been brongl
on as a stall' assislani aficr a one-year sthn
ihe same position al the Joint Economic Con.
millec.
She graduated from Cornell College in
Iowa with a bachelor's in political science and
environniental studies in 1996. The native til
Dundee, HI., interned for Rep. Dennis Hasten
(R-lll)in ihe summer of 1995.
Ashcroft's staff changes haven't been limited to his personal office. Paul Clement is
the Senator's new chief counsel on ihe Judiciary subcommillec on Ihe Consiiuinon,
which Ashcroft chairs.
Clement, 31, had been an associate al ihe
Washington law linn Kirkland & Ellis since
1994. Before lhat, he was a law clerk for
Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.
Clement grew up in Cedaiburg, Wis., ami
allendedGeoigelown University, wherchcieceived a bacheloi's degree in toreign sciv icein I9SS. He then wenl lo Cambndge University in Fngland. where he eained a masiei's
degree iu economics in I9SW He icceived his
.1 D from Han ard Umversily in 1992.
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
THK
1 9 5 5
N E W S P A P E R
$3.00
MONDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1997
VOL. 43, NO. 25
Maine Senators Hold Key
To Reform Votes This W e
ek
Moderates S e Way
ek
Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) has attached to the bill to ensure its defeat
by Democrats.
Even refonners acknowledge
that they don't have the 60 votes
needed to defeat Lott's provision.
But there's a last chance lo avoid the
By Amy Keller
With the Senate poised lo defeat expected stalemate: Advocates of
the McCain-Feingold campaign f i - McCain-Feingold say they have
nance bill in votes this week, turned to Sens. Olympia Snowe (RMaine's two Republican Senators Maine) and Susan Collins (Rhave emerged as the last hope for re- Maine) to rally support from modformers who hope to craft a deal ac- erate Republicans, at least a dozen
of whom are needed to save the
ceptable to GOP moderates.
Cloture votes are expected as ear- floundering bill.
Snowe, an appointed member of
ly as tomorrow on the bipartisan
McCain-Feingold measure, which the GOP leadership who is viewed
would overhaul the nation's cam- as Lott's bridge to moderates, is trypaign finance laws by banning soft ing to broker a compromise over
money and regulating issue ads, and campaign finance legislation, aides
on a controversial union-focused confirmed, and she has been meetamendment that Senate Majority ing separately widi Lott, McCain,
To Head Off Loss
Qn Bipartisan Bill
and moderate Republicans, like
Sens. John Chafee (R-Rl), Jim Jeffords (R-Vt), and Collins, since early last week.
Snowe spokesman Dave Lackey
said that campaign finance legislation was still "very much in play,"
and that Snowe hoped to have language for a compromise bill ready
for introduction as early as today.
But at ihis point, not even
Collins's vole is a sure thing, reformers complained hist week.
"If Susan Collins sells out McCain-Feingold after all the changes
lhat were made for her, and after all
the positive media reform groups
have ensured she's gotten — including a cover story in the New
York Times magazine—there's going to be hell lo pay," said one source
Continued on page 30
Pholo by Christopher Martin
'Contracf HightoCoup GOP Rebel Neumann Declares Vs.
Low: How It Fell Apart Feingold on Eve of Senate's Debate
Svcoml in u lliree-parl aches.
By Juliet Eilperin
and Jim Vande Hei
n early 1993, House Minority
Whip Newt Gingrich (R-Ga)
feared that Rep. Dick Armey
(R-Texas)could
h
long dream of
an allemalivc model |of leadership) at some point."
Gingrich was also wary of Rep.
Tom DeLay (R-Texas), a hard-driven conservative consumed by a
desire to count votes for his party.
——..-^
"By '93 it
was obvious to
that you
F ML FEUD
A IY
c o , , l t l n o 1 or
a
becoming Gingrich & His Deputies nize the House
gSpeaker. Ever
—
the tactician, Gingrich calculated
it was time to befriend Armey.
'This guy has such intelligence,
such energy, and such courage that
he's either going to be my chief
ally or ill the end form a natural
center of opposition,"Gingrich recalled during a recent interview.
"He's just loo smart to work (by
himself]. He will attract and build
:
-—
without DeLay and Armey," Gingrich said.
So Gingrich summoned Armey
and DeLay to a late-night dinner.
Their mission: How could a small
gang of conservatives take over
the party and win back Congress?
Joining Ihe two Texans in a private room at Head's, the nowContinued on page 20
By Rachel Van Dongen
The House is losing one of its
rebels.
After months of "exploring" the
idea. Rep. Mark Neumann (R-Wis)
officially announced last week that
he is done knocking heads with
House GOPIeaders and will instead
mount a challenge tofirst-termSen.
Russ Feingold (D).
In characteri.slic Neumann fashion, the sophomore who has been
called a "pain in the neck" by House
Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga)
came out fighting.
He kicked off his campaign at a
gas station in his hometown of
Janesville by criticizing Feingold,
thesponsorof theMcCain-Feingold
campaign finance reform bill that
will be voted on in the Senate this
week, for backing a 1993 gas tax inContinued on page 30
Photo by Maureen Keating
Sen. Russ Feingold (left) with two GOP allies, Thompson and
McCain. Will reform help or hurt his 1998 campaign?
A Billion-Dollar Arkansas Road Project INSIDE
% Chairman Against Majority Leader
• Louisiana probe's over
but the fallout isn't, p. 3.
• Campaign reform
7
And.Thafs Just Part of the Story of Lobby War Over 'Dickey Spliteverywhere: three
By Ed Henry
and Damon Chappie
Since the fall of 1995, House
Transportation and Infrastructure
thairman Bud Shuster (R-Pa) has
twice descended upon the area of
Pine Bluff, Ark., to hold fundraisers
that netted his campaign some
$20,000.
The tiny city did not go unnoticed
when it came time for Shuster to
craft his version of BESTEA, the
sprawling highway reauthorization
acl. The bill includes an estimated
$ 1.5 billion provision to prop up the
local economy with the "Dickey
split."
Named for Rep. Jay Dickey (RArk), who seems to have taken a
page from Shuster by raising money from businessmen who admit
they stand to gain from the provision, the project adds Pine Bluff to
the Interstate 69 corridor that will
run from Canada to Mexico, In order to add the extra asphaltto include
Pine Bluff, the legislation splits
l-69's route in Mississippi.
But the controversial provision is
al so spl itting powerful Republ icans,
with knowledgeable sources saying
Senaie Majority Leader Trent Lott
(R-Miss) has vowed to kill the project in conference committee because of the way it encroaches on
Continued on page 24
outside views, p. 10;
soft-money matters,
p. 12; Ornstein, p. 28.
• Six years later, House
Bank scandal is finally
over, p. 14.
• Burton hearings start
as Thompson's resume,
p. 16.
By Ed Henry
ps and Downs. Senate
Sergeant al Arms Greg
Casey is taking a hard
line on several elevator operators in the wake of an incident
that left several angry Senators
stmggling to make it to a floor
vote on time.
Casey confirmed that the elevator operators decided to head
home one recent evening at
about 5:30 p.m., even though
Continued on page 26
U
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Monday, October 6, 1997 ROLL CALL Page 3
M
Louisiana Probe Fallout: Conservatives Feel O R N I N G
'Shafted/ Warner Insists Fraud W s Isolated'
a
"Within ihe Republican parly. Woody is a
sacrificial Uunkacrucified ligurcV'said Douglas Rose, a Tulane University professor.
"He's positioned himself as a figure against
blacks. Democrats, and people who nin corRipl campaigns, all of wjiich puts him in company with people he wauls to befriend."
Weyrich said Warner and Loll "blinked" in
ihe face of "hardball" Democralic threats and
abandoned iheir own party.
"What Loll told the Democrats, in effect, is
nothing short of this: 'You now have
leave to steal close elections. We have
agreed lhat disenfranchising the voten; is perfectly all right as long as we
keep the Senate rolling along,'" he
said.
Indeed, Jenkins quickly became a
Warner said last Wednesday that
cause celebre to conservative groups
while he had found "isolated inciandright-wingmedia around Ihe country, which viewed Louisiana's thriving
dents of fraud," there is "insufficient
Democratic machine as a scourge in the
evidence at this time" tojustify a furincreasingly Republican South.
ther, liill inquiry.
The chainnan reached this concluBut awaiting Warner and Lott on
sion grudgingly — not necessarily
Capitol Hill were 45 Senate Democrals, siill smarting from their lost mabecause he believed Lmdrieu was
jority status, who made it clear ihey
guilty, but, he said, because "breakwould block any move lo unseat Mary
downs in Louisiana's election safeLandrieu (D).
guards" made it impossible to fully
examine election records.
So when Jenkins on Dec. 5, 1996,
sought a Senate probe of an election
Indeed, outside factors lhal imhe charged was Uiinted by voter fraud,
peded the commillee's ability lo fulWarner md Lott undertook a careful
ly review the eleclion were a constrategy of partisan balance, mixed
sistent theme in Warner's findings.
wiilt occasional gestures to each side.
Another common theme was a lack
Last week, lhat strategy culminated in
of evidence lhal any group orgathe completion of a ten-month prenized a widespread effort lo secure
liminary investigation that found proof
fraudulent votes.
lhat some voter fraud took place, bul
For example, after reviewing Jenkthat il didn't necessarily contribute to
ins's charge dial more than 1,000
Photos by Shona Raah
Landrieu's 5,7R8-vole win.
fraudulent voters were registered lo
Warner rejected a bipartisan team of Rules Chairman John Warner upheld Landrieu's win
vacant housing in Orleans Parish, indespite right-wing critics. "The Senate is my only
attorneys who called in April for a limvestigators found that about half of the
ited probe and instead launched a wide- client," he said repeatedly during the ten-month probe.
housing was not vacant and mosl of
nuiging inquiry. Bul Warner generally shunned lor on National Empowerment Television, ihe other alleged illegal voles came fiom peonews conferences on the inquiry, vehcmenlly used his commentary on NET's "Dirccl Line" ple who had moved wilhin die parish and were
denied be was driven by pttrtisan pressures, and program Thursday to bitterly criticize die therefore allowed lo vote wiUioul registering
repeatedly said Ihe Senate "is my only clienl." GOP failure lo fight its own war.
again.
As partisan tensions flared Ihis summer,
"We used lo be able lo assume lhat die ReInvestigators found some evidence of JenkWarner and Lott let it be known they were con- publicans would at least act in their own self ins's claims ihat voters were transported to the
ferring wilh Sen. John Breaux (D-La). a interest. Not anymore. What a disgrace these polls by van drivers, which is illegal under most
staunch Landrieu supporter, to better under- people are," he said.
circumstances in Louisiana. Butthey found litstand Democrats' fnisirations. When DemoWamcr nonedieless drew praise from his tle evidence of vole buying and no proof of an
crats threatened to shutdown the Senate, Warn- Republican colleagues on ihe panel, who vot- organized effort to buy thousands of voles.
er said he wouldn't be "bulldozed." But he also ed unanimously lo support his resolution lo
Warner said analysis confirmed an orgaacknowledged his probe had not yet uncov- end the probe, as well as GOP Members of nized effort lo use New Orleans city governered enough proof of fraud to unseat Landrieu. Louisiana's Congressional delegation.
ment employees lo support eleclion efforts,
The Lolt-Warner strategy only half worked.
"Warner is a realist," said Ken Johnson, a but no evidence that Landrieu bcnelited from
Warner drew praise last week from the vin- spokesman for Rep. Billy Tauzin (R-La). "He this drive.
dicated Landrieu, who publicly thanked looked at the infonnation before him and deA large part of Warner's inquiry focused on
Warner for leading the probe with "honor and cided il was going lo he impossible to prove the role played by several gaming entities,
honesty." Belying heated rhetoric he uttered Woody's allegations, given his resources and New Orleans Mayor Marc Morial's (D) pothis summer, Rules ranking Democrat Wen- the political time constraints he was working litical group, Louisiana Independent Federadell Ford (Ky) said Warner's inquiry was under. The longer it dragged on, the more of tion of Electors (LIFE), and a marketing firm
brimming wilh integrity.
a liability it became."
lhat LIFE hired called Carl Mullican ComBut the Republican Scnaiors appear to have
But if anyone has emerged from this ordeal munications Inc.
wilh higher standing, analysts say, il is LanWarner said evidence supports Jenkins's
drieu, who until last week sought to remain charges lhat these groups paid canvassers and
publicly detached from ihe probe while Jenk- may have illegally contributed In federal canins continued lo campaign on his own behalf. didates. But the Senator said, again, lhat he
Susan Howell, a political science professor found no strong proof lhat ihe money aided Lanat the University of New Orleans, said Lan- drieu. "Rather," he said, "the activities appear
drieu has increased her popularity among vot- to be directed at local initiatives and elections."
ers while Jenkins has "self-desmicted."
Invesligalors examined election documents
"If the [Landrieu-Jenkins] election was held in 34 precincts lhal were identified as "suspecl"
today, she would win handily," said Howell. because multiple voting was alleged, registra"Woody had a chance lo achieve some main- tion patterns were unusual, or polling mastream credibility. The election was close and chines closed later than scheduled. This analyhe was supported by Republican leaders in the sisrevealednumerous irregularities but, again,
state. Bui when he started this quest on Elec- no proof that ihey aided Landrieu.
lion Night, he blew it, he self-destructed. Now,
Republicans complained ihey were asked
they're all distancing themselves from him."
lo conduct a wide-ranging investigation with
But other analysis said Jenkins, while ad- comparatively few resources, consisting at
mittedly tarnished as a statewide candidate, various limes of election law and staff attorhas positioned himself perfectly as the leader neys, General Accounting Office invesligaof a conservative wing of the GOPthat strong- lors, and FBI agents.
ly believes Democrats uniformly engage in
Republican Woody Jenkins has posiOn Dec. 11, the committee hired a bipanivoter fraud.
tioned himself as a "sacrificial lamb.'
Continued on page 18
By John Mercurio
When Republican Woody Jenkins siood in
a Baton Rouge hallroom on Election Night
1996 and hinted that rogue Democrats had
stolen his Senate win, Majority Leader Trent
Lott (R-Miss) and Sen. John Warner (R-Va)
knew they would soon lace a critical choice.
As chairman of the Rules and Administration Committee, Warner knew he'd be tasked
to probe any charges that Jenkins filed with
the Senate. As the GOP's titular head. Loll
knew Republicans, especially religious conservalives who backed
Jenkins and didn't yet trust their new
leader, would use the election to test
his conservative mettle.
failed a crucial lesl with conservatives who
vigorously campaigned for Jenkins.
"A lol of conservalives feel Jenkins got
shafted by the Senate," said Keith Appcll of
Creative Response Concepts, a public relations firm that works with several conservative groups. 'The committee didn't go far
enough, didn'i dig enough, and was never as
committed its il said it was going lo be."
Paul Weyrich, president of the conservative
Free Congress Foundation and a commcnta-
C
asey's Crew. Senaie Sergcanl al
Arms Greg Casey has filled a
newly created position with a person who is bound to make his boss, Senate Majority Leader Trent lyOtt (RMiss), happy.
The choice is Danny Covington, an
old friend of Lott's and a former House
candidate, who will serve as director of
communications, planning, and policy.
Covington will be charged with making
sure Casey does a better job of communicating the Sergeant at Arms's office reorganization to the media and Casey's
more than 700 employees.
Casey's refonn plan has laken a beating because some of the rank and file
fear they will lose their jobs. Part of
Covington's task is lo deal wiih the media; it is believed to be the tirst lime the
office has had a spokesman.
Casey said Covington was not forced
on him as a way of giving Lou a closer
watch on ihe office, bul he said he received Covington's resume from Lolt's
personal office. "We need somebody to
be constantly communicating wilh our
people and communicating what we're
doing lo our customers," Casey said.
Covington won ihe GOP nomination
to lace Rep. liennie Thompson (DMiss) last year, but he lost by 22 points
in the heavily Democratic district.
One of Covington's first tasks was a
fun one: helping his new colleagues roast
Casey lo celebrate the Sergeant's tirst
year on the job. Casey's friends wanted
to tweak him for a recenl Roll Call story
about how he has used the comeback of
Harley-Davidson as a model for his own
office's reorganization.
Covington went lo Sen. Ben
Nighthorse Campbell's (R-Colo) office
to gel a photo of die Senator riding his
Harley. Then Covington had Casey's
face superimposed. "1 cried," Casey told
Morning Business. " I was touched."
Another Election. Wiih one election
under its bell, the newly unionized Capitol Police Departmenl is gearing up for another big vote today.
Nearly four months after the Fraternal
Order of Police edged out the Teamsters
in thefirst-everelection to unionize Congress's security force, officers are campaigning to serve iwo-ycar terms on the
union's eighi-member executive board.
Revealing the tension that lingers from
the first election, a slate of candidates who
supported the Teamsters is challenging the
FOP's labor committee.
In the race for chairman, Gary Goincs,
who now serves as inlerim chairman for
the FOP labor committee, will face Virgil
Van Fleet, a 27-year officer who backed
Ihe Teamsters in the June vote.
Goines said he's running with a simple
message of inclusion. "No matter who you
voted for before, come aboard and be involved," Goines said. "In order for this
union to work, everyone is going to have
to work together."
Van Fleet said he was recruited to challenge Goines by a group of anli-FOP officers and has not campaigned vigorously
for the post.
— Ed Henry and John Mercurio
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 4 R O L L C A L L Monday, October 6, 1997
EDITORIALS
Covert Action
I
t's one tiling for Appropriations Chainnan Ted Stevens (RAlaska) to be the Senate's "Dr. Hold," arch-defender ot the
now-mudi-ubused system whereby Senators can anonymously
slop legislation or nominalions. It's another thing for him to Iv
clisingemious ahoul the extent of the problem.
After the Senate last week passed an amendment sponsored
by Sens. Ron Wyden (D-Ore) and Charles Gnissley (R-Iowa) rcc|uiring that Senators make their holds public within 4S hours of
placing them, Stevens not only vowed to kill the measure in a
House-Senate conference, but said in an interview with Roll Call
lhat most of ihe time Senators resort to holds only when they are
going to be out of town or are stuck in a committee hearing. Implausible as lhat excuse is, Stevens added another contemion: that
Senators usually go public when they impose a hold.
Woukl that it were true. Once, in fact, it might have been —
as Senate tradition has it — a matter of "courtesy" for Ihe Majority
Leader to postpone consideration of a measure until it was convenient for an opponent to debate it.
No longer, however. Holds are routinely imposed — and secretly — to block major pieces of legislation, like last year's
Kennedy-Kassebaum health insurance bill and dozens of Presideni Clinton's judicial nominalions this year. If the motive for a
hold isn't simple opposition to the bill or nominee. Senators resort
lo it to gain leverage over their colleagues on other maners of concern to them. This is the Congressional ec|uivalent of a covert assassination — it shouldn't happen. Nothing in the Constitution
mentions the power of a single Senator to kill a measure without
even having to face public scrutiny for doing so. Holds shouldn't
be allowed at all, but given the Senate's noted inability to change
its own rules, al the very least the veil of secrecy should be lifted.
Wyden became a refonner on the issue when, as a House
Member in 1992. he and Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), co-sponsor
of a community health centers bill, spent days at the end of a session trying lo track down and lift a series of "revolving holds" imposed by both liberal and conservative Senators opposed to the
measure. Since bis arrival in the Senate 17 months ago, Wyden
has engaged in a voluminous letter exchange with Senate Republican leaders to get the secrecy of holds lifted so that at least fellow
Senators and the public know who's blocking action.
During debate on the Wyden-Grassley provision last week,
Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) observed correctly that he has
begun to reform the hold process by banning the former practice of
Senators' imposing holds on many measures at one time. He also
indicated at least tepid support for Wyden's goal of publicizing the
obstnicters, saying " I really think lhat any Senator who feels
strongly enough about an issue to put a hold on it ought to be prepared to come to the floor and explain it." But Lott also added two
cautionary statements that show what he's really thinking. "We
want to be careful how we change things around here," the Majority Leader said, adding that he thought revising the standing rules of
the Senaie on holds should be done in consultation with the Senate
Minority Leader at the beginning of a session of Congress, not by
amendment to the District of Columbia appropriations bill.
In fact. Minority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) has said repeatedly that he favors the Wyden-Grassley measure. Stevens, besides
claiming that holds are merely an occasional and mostly public
thing, also raised objections to Wyden's timing and procedure. But
Wyden points out that he has spenl months trying to get the rules
changed by other means and resorted to the amendment process
now because the end of a session is when holds are most often imposed to kill measures and nominations by delay.
"What was once a matter of courtesy," Wyden said, "has become one of the greatest powers a Senator has, and it's exercised
in'secret." Stevens, ever a straight-shooter, was refreshingly blunt
about intending to kill Wyden's measure in conference. He should
apply ihe same principle to holds: Let Senators impose them, but
own up to them when they do.
ROLLCALL M A T S O N © " %
A E I A O T EVR E O A G E T C N R SI N L A A E I
M RC N H E G F R A O G E SO A W K NN
LETTERS
No Hideaway to Seek
Clean as a Whistle
To ihe Edilor:
To Ihe Edilor:
In its Scpl. 29 edition, Roll Call featured an article In his column on die pnis|iects of passage of the Mcdescribing a critical report by the House Inspector Cain-Feingold bill, Charles Cook says, 'The problem
General regarding certain activities of the fonner in Ihe system isn't lhal diere is too much money. InHouse Chief Administrative Officer, Scol Faulkner stead, it's dial candidates have to spend too much lime
("Final Word on Faulkner: IG Says 'Abuse of Au- raising money." (Political Surveyor, Sept. 25)
thority'").
Unformnalcly, Cook is only half right. While everyThe InspectorGeneral's reportcensors Faulkner for one worries about the inordinate amount of time decertain communications with Ronald Kessler, author voted lo raising money, the more central problem is
of "Inside Congress: The Shocking Scandals, Cor- where all dial money comes from. Eighty percent of
ntption, and Abuse of Power Behind the Scenes on all the political money comes from a liny group ofcontrihulors — less than one-quarter of one perccnl of die
Capitol Hill."
Your story slates, 'The report concludes lhat while populalion — and nearly all of them have economic
some of the informaiion was publicly available, tnleresis al slake IxTorc Congress.
Faulkner's comment on certain issues like Members'
Making il easier for candidates to raise money hy
furnishings were 'entirely inappropriate, and a breach simply increasing ihe hard-money limits — one of the
of confidentiality.'...
solutions Cook discusses — would just make them
"These luxuries, according to Faulkner, includ- more dependent on the wealthy, special interests
ed...a $68,000 hideaway for fonner Speaker Tom Fo- w hose campaign cash now dominates public policy.
ley (D-Wash) featuring a wet bar, a bedroom, and a This is campaignfinancedeform, not refonn.
full bath."
There is a Ix-tter way: Clean Money Campaign ReWhile 1 am satisfied that it was not die intention nf form. Cook argues, with much logic on his side, lhal
the Inspector General or Roll Call to seem loconfinn if soft money is banned, "an alternative funding source
the existence of such a "hideaway," a casual reader should be provided." Bul he is wrong in claiming lhal
"publicfinancingisn'l acceptable to mosl voters."
mighl gain lhal impression.
That would Ix- unfortunate indeed because die alIn fact, when offered ihe option of public funding
leged "hideaway" is a complete fiction. It does not nowfor candidates who agree lo raise no private money
and never did exist — no hideaway, no wet bar, no and abide by spending limits, ihe public favors ihe idea
bedroom, no full hath. The Faulkner-Kessler assertion by a margin or2-lo-l.
is absolulely and totally false.
Clean Money Campaign Refonn is more than just
Incidentally, the so called "hideaway" may have public financing.
been confused deliberately or otherwise wilh a very
Il offers a way oul of die pri vale money chase, makes
straightforward office for several membersof die Steer- il possible for good people who lack wealthy backing
ing and Policy Committee staff—also wiihoul wet bar, to ran for office, and breaks die direct link between
bedroom, or full badi.
special interests and elected officials.
Former Speaker Thomas Foley (D-Wash)
Rep. John Tiemey (D-Mass)
Editor. S u s a n B. Gloai
n t . t n . Haiti f l i u l
Monday, October 6,1997 • Vol. 43, No. 25
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EmailtenersOrolfcelicomWebsite *ww roltali cam
Q Roil Call is prmied on recycled papei
Executive Ednot. Morton M. Kondracke
Deputy Editor. Jana McKee
Pholo EdAors. Laura Pattaraon, Mauraan Keating
Seniot Stall Wrners.
Damon Chappie, Jullal Eilperin
Slalt Wrrters. Amy Keller,
Rachel Van Dongen. Ed Henry,
Jennifer Bradley, John Mercurio,
Jim Vande Hei
Ad Director. Martin Moulton
Production Manager. Will Taylor
Copy Editot. David B. Meyers
Editorial Asaistanl. Franceaca Conllguglla
Contnduling Photograptiets.
Rebecca Roth. Shana Raab
Statl Cadoontsl R.J. Mataon
Editorial Intom. Darren Goode
Contributing Witters. Charles E. Cooh,
Duncan Spencer. Norman J. Omateln,
Stuart Rolhenberg,
Karlyn Bowman, Craig Wlnnetcer
Pubhshei. Laurie Battaglia
Business Manager Cynthia Cunningham
Controller. Charlatte Johnaon
Circulation Directot. Katharine Talbot
Maikeimg Manager, Christine Fanning
Manager ot New Media. Mllchelle Stephenson
Business Associate. Monica Sweet
Recoplionists. Valrle Lewla. Candace Farrow
Director ol Advertising. Karen Whitman
TraflK: Manager. Sherry L. Colemen
Senior Account Executive. Michael Schmidt
Acoout ExecutNWi Kameth Day, Andrew Branan,
Nicole Crowley, Sheila C. Burke
Classified Sales. Maria I. Sen Joae
Classified Cootdmator. Jeff Kaye
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 6 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
POLITICAL SURVEYOR
By Charles E. Cook
Despite Likely Losses
For Democrats, Senate
Races Aren't a Snooze
A
llhough the baltle for control of the
House is getting mosl of ihe attention,
next year's Senaie races are shaping up
to be interesting as well. Democrats, facing
the distinct possibility of yet another cycle of
losses, would be very fortunate lo hold their
own next November, but die chances of suffering a net loss of Iwo or three seats looks
much more likely.
It's not lhat Democrats lack attractive Republican Senate largets. Former Indiana Gov.
Evan Bayh (D) is strongly favored lo pick up
the seat of Sen. Dan Coats (R), who is retiring,
and ihe Democrats have an excellent shot at taking oul New York Sen. Alfonso D'Amato (R).
In Missouri, slate Allomey General Jay
Nixon (D) looks like he is going lo make his
challenge lo Sen. Kit Bond (R) a real hanihumer. Mosl observers would not be surprised
lo see dial race make it lo the toss-up column
hy this time next year.
The outlook is considerably fuzzier in Colorado, where Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R), who switched panics in 1995, may
or may not face a challenge from Rep. Scott
Mclnnis in theGOPprimary. And il looks like
Democrats, loo, will have a light for the party nomination between Rep. David Skaggs
and Dottie Lamm, wi Ie of former Gov. Dick
Lamm, whom Campbell heal lo secure ihe
1992 Democratic Senaie nod.
While mosl concede lhal Campbell, or
whoever ends up as Ihe GOP standard-bearer, will have a competitive fight on his or her
hands to hold onto diis seat, it's not at all clear
just how lough a battle it will be because of
chip cookie company, and who spent more
than $4 million, mostly his own, in an unsuccessful campaign against House Speaker
Newt Gingrich (Ri in lite 6th districi last year,
jumped in td'ier Darden's departure, giving
Demtxrats at least some reason to hope.
On the olher side of the aisle, ihe Republican list of targeted Democratic seals looks
considerably juicer. However, ihe very top of
lhal list matches up wilh the GOP soft spots.
Sen. John Glenn's (D) open seal in Ohio is
analogous lo Coals's seal in Indiana, an open
seal likely lo fall lo die opposition, while Illinois Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun (D) stands
oul wiih D' Amato on ihe GOP sitle as the most
vulnerable incumbents forUieirrespective parlies.
Also in serious political trouble are. Sen.
Wendell Ford's (D) open seal in Kentucky and,
to a slightly lesser extent. Sen. Dale Bumpers's (D) open seat in Arkansas, followed hy (in
roughly die order of vulnerability) Democratic
Sens. Fritz Hollings (SC), Patty Murray
Plutlo by Maun'fn Kfalini; (Wash). Russ Feingold (Wis), Harry
How will Gcraldine Ferraro ever catch up Reid (Nov), and Barbara Boxer (Calif).
One interesting situation is in die Empire
in fundraising if she announces next year?
Slate, where D'Amaiodoes not know whether
all of the various permutations of possible can- he will face Rep. CharlesSclmmer (D), New
didates and the as-yei-unknown damage York Cily Public Advocate Mark Green (D)
— boih of whom are already running — or
caused by ihe polenlial primary tights.
Democrats seem to have al least a nominal 1984 Democralic vice presidenlial candidate
chance in three olher Senate races, against ami Conner Rep. Gcraldine Ferraro.
Ferraro has indicated dial she will make a
Sens. I.auch Faircloth (R) in North Carolina, Judd Gregg (R) in New Hampshire, and decision in December or January, and die belPaul Coverdell (R) in Georgia. The party ling on ihe street is thai she will nin. The conbrietly appeared lo have come up short in die vcmional wisdom also suggests that if she
Peach Slaic, when former Rep. Buddy Dar- does run, the nominalion is hers for the askden announced that the would noi seek the ing, notwithstanding Schumer's and Green's
Democratic nod, only to have a well-funded, presence in die field.
That, however, does not take into account
if still uphill, challenger emerge.
Michael Coles, a businessman who made thefinancialrealities of the situation. Schumer
millions creating and later selling a chocolate currently has about $7 million on hand, and
his goal is lo have $9 million in the bank by
the end of ihe year.
Assuming lhal Schumer stopped raising
money ttxlay. and assuming thai Ferraro announces on Jan. 1 that she is ninnmg, il is
douhlful lhat she could compete in spending
with her fonner colleague from Brooklyn.
While highly successful in fundraising, I 'erraro's losing 1992 Senate bid, cut short in ihe
primary, was heavily dependent upon direct
mail, meaning dial while the gross numbers
of dollars raised looked impressive, the nel
numbers were considerably lower. During die
campaign, Ferraro raised a lolal of 15.1 million over iwo years, including 5.122,100 she
iransfened from her old Congressional campaign account, spent about the same amounl.
and finished wiih a dehl of $514,900 (she
loaned the campaign $342,000). In short,
Schumer had on Jan. 1 of ihis year more in
leftover House campaign funds than Fenaro
raised during a two-year campaign.
And if she announces al the start of 1998,
her light for the nomination will lie only ten
months long.
Even assuming that Schumer needs lo
spend, say, $4 million on television getting his
name rccognilion up to where il needs lo he
to win a primary, it's clear that he would slill
have plenty of funds left over to swamp the
already well-known Ferraro in advertising.
Where does all of this leave Green.' His best
hope is lhat Schumer and Fenaro beat the daylights out of each odier in negative advertising, giving him die opening to shixit die gap,
much like Feingold did six years ago, bypassing better-known candidates who by
primary day had become damaged merchandise. Moseley-Braun also performed die same
seeming miracle lhal year. It's a long shot for
Green, bul it's plausible il ihe other Iwo go alter each other.
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�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
PageS ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
By Morton M. Kondracke
Clinton Delays Hunt
For New Staff Chief,
Risking His Legacy
W
hen White House chief of staff Erskine Bowles's son left his White
House internship this summer, he
had one request for senior staffers: Please,
send my father home by Christmas.
Ever since he agreed to return to Washington from North Carolina following President
Clinton's re-election last November, Bowles
has been saying he wanted to go back by the
end 0(1997.
He reiterated dte wish just last week, after
it was bruited about dial he might be responsible for putting together a bipartisan tobacco
Where
We
year, say these aides, Clinton will have just 3b
agreement as he did diis year's budget ileal.
"Don't give me any job lhat lasts into nej(t months io achieve whatever goals may enlarge his legacy.
year," he lold colleagues.
"He's not going lo want lo spend the next
There's just one problem wilh his departure
strategy: Every lime he tries to bring up Ihe 3b years saying, 'We should have done this,
idea of finding a replacemenl and working oul we could have done thai,'" said one associate.
"He needs someone who' 1 help him look past
1
a transition, Clinton changes the subject.
"Erskine has even confronted him and said the headlines and decide on Ihe big diings he
to ihe President, 'You have lo look al ihis,'" wants loget done, and has the operational abilsaid one senior staffer. "Clinton says, 'Why? ily to put lliem over"
Even ihough no one seems lo have die si ighlIf I don't, you won't leave."
As a result of ihis dance, While House aides est idea who will eventually succeed Bowles,
and informed outsiders say ihey haven't die it doesn't stop the internal handicapping.
The former and oncc-again fronlnmner, acslightest idea who Bowles's successor will be
— but some think lhal Clinton is wasting pre- cording to staff speculation, is National Secious lime avoiding the inevitable necessity curity Adviser Sandy Berger, who has die advantages of being an old, close Clinton assoof putting a new top manager in place.
Assuming lhat Bowles successfully es- ciate, a developer of big projects — including
capes hack lo North Carolina by the end of the early NATO enlargemenl — and the ability to
Stand
A commentory on public education and other critical issues
Two Wrong Solutions
By SANDRA FELDMAN, President
American Federation of Teachers
L
ast Januaiy President Clmion announcccl a
new national cducaliiin goal: Every child will
read well by ihe end ol'iliiicl grade. Trankly,
I wasenibanasscd Why docs the president
ol the wcalthiesi, greatest nation in the world
have lo make UIIIVCTMI third-grade literacy
a iiaiinii.il goal? And what did he mean, anyway, given lhal American fourih graders, on average,
were in I he lop Heron i lie W I Internal icnal Assessment
ol ReadingThe answer in both t|iicsiions is ihat inn many of
our/iiitn-children—and in America nunc than 20 perccni arc poor—leave iluicl grade wiihoul being able
10 u'.ul well Indeed, ninny go on io graduate Irom high
schnol wiiliiHii solid >hills in reading or in w riting
and math APT members haw been idling us lhal
one teason Im ihis shainchil siiuation is sn i.il /'IUMIHiit'ii—die pr.irncc id passing siudcms tin lo ilic next
grade even though ihc\ have noi inasiercd ihe ctirrcm war's work We deckled lo research die issue.
Passing on Failure?
Do school disincis advocmc promoiingsiudcnis regaalIcss ol iheir acliicveincnf Not cxacih Wc looked ai
policies hniii 85 distncls. including the 40 largest m
the l>> , and none actually calls loi social promonon
I lowcvcr. mosl pui all kinds ol rcstiiciions on which
youngsicrsynucan hold back and when and how oflen
So w hile disuicis may not advocate social promotion,
mosi have policies that make n inevuahlc.
Mosi districts do noi make use of specific gradcby-gradc siandanls for wh.u kids arc supposed lo leam
When Vonunuous progress" (or something cquallv
vague i is I he maminicnon lor promotion, how do vou
lustily hulJing.i siuclem back? Whais more, icacheis—
I he ones who ically know ihe siudcms—seldom make
die linal decision about piomotions The last word usually belongs to die principals. And ihev mav hesitate
to kill students because ihev don't warn die school lo
1 )ok bad ov thev lenr prc^urc Irom parcnis. t ir hecausc
1
ihi:'Y haw no cclucauon.il options avail.ihlc.
Those opposed to social pronintion nficn ill ink i he
answer is simple. Hold back unprepared siudcnis until
dicy'tc icady. 1 Ins policy, called ii h'i it inn. sounds lough
and sensible—and if I had no oi her choice. I'd choose
icicmion over social promoiinn bm il vou consider
iclcnlion lo he a hiavc new idea lhat will Inrcc sludcnisio measure up. you'ic in lor a surprise Wc found
dial rcicniion is as common m our schools as social
promotion More than I 3
pcTccm ol suidcnLsare held
back every vcar, and in
many large urban disuicis,
hall ihe kids enicnng kmclcrgarlcn are likely lo be
retained al least once hcloic
they leave school, flic kids
who can't read, write or
count when they ginduatc
The debate over have probably been iciaincd
tint/ socially promoted
whether to pass Thcinnh is, bi nil policies
students to the arc niechanical icsponscsio
an
next grade or hold educational problem.
Disu icis have all kinds of
them back ignores and regulaiions about
rules
the real issue. promonon and ictciinon
The scandal is how liulc
aiicniion ihevgivcio pivunung lailure in die lirsl place.
11 gelling kids to achieve is our aim, sot ial promonon
and iviemion arc boih beside: die point. Bin llierc are
obvious ilungs wc should dec
• Put UM niddigucsNH oi frdhouf sludi nl at luVvcinoK.
Establish standards for the various grades, with curricula and assessments lo go along with t hose sianclards,
so teachers and parcnis know how children arc progressing
• Ttd.r tin "imnisivr une" tippioiitli In stiir/nils iWin
i ii c"/ttl/ing licit ind. lump on lire problems i m medial el v,
using proven lc'clinit|Uc'S lo gel siudcnis i|uic:ldy back
im irack.
•
Mll/.YSUM'lllllSCU'/ltllClll/l ICllllillgtllCIKliMl'd ill (111'
Idles! and bcsl IcWinii/ncs. Teacher prcparalion is oflen
woefully inadequate in this area, especially w hen it
comes to ic.idling our mosl vulnerable vt iiingslers
• Help picvfnl jaihtiv al (lie slnrl—by making high
cpialiiy early c hiicllioocl ecliicalion more acailablc.
These practices and progiamsaic taken for granted
in olher advanced civihrcd nations—and in mosi of
om inicldle-c'lass schools I he i rouble is. ioo mam
adulis in oui socicly haw: given up on .Amei icis pooresi youngsicrs When kids face icrriblc problems, ihey
need cxlia help: instead, our neediest students get less.
Then, cil hen hey orihcincaclicis—or boih—are hLuncd
loi lailuic. Whais ihe solunon' lis neithei scicial promotion Mtti' ict em ion lis making sure dial all om kids
get die ciimiikinscnsc and basic diings ihey need lo
be siicccssliil ai learning I
["tn ti t i>p\ ii/.'WT', irpoK t'i! sot M//
I lii/cr Dy'i'i . till,/ ask /(ir i/ciii ^Ml'
-nil.sSinArT
Where We Stand is published once every m o n t h in Roll Call. To c o m m e n t , w r i t e t o Sandra Feldman, AFT, 555 New Jersey Ave. N.W.,
Washington, D C 20001. © Sandra Feldman 1997. Visit our web site (httpJ/www.aft.org).
gel lliings done. Berger is politically canny,
having worked in presidential campaigns and
wiih Ihe late Pamela Han unan's Democratic
pany-developnient efforts, and his selection
would be popular widi olher slaffers.
The problem, say colleagues, is thai Berger likes his job. the Administration faces signiticam foreign policy challenges, and Berger doesn't relish handling the sometimes petty detail w ork of White House management.
If Clinion docsn'l pick Berger, those nexl
in line of speculation include deputy chief of
staff John Podesta and Budget Direclor
Franklin Raines.
Both insiders have strengths and weaknesses. Podesta is well-liked and has done a
masterful job overseeing scandal-control for
Clinton — just what this may have involved
isa lightly prolecled secret in ihe White House
— but is considered by colleagues as more of
a tactician and "mechanic" rather than a higthink strategist.
Raines is considered very smart, is now
somewhat experienced on Capilol Hill as a resuli of his work on the balanced budget pact,
and would be Ihe nation's firsi African-American White I louse chief of staff.
But colleagues say lhal he lacks any relish
for politics, is "a bit of a goo-goo. disdainful
of campaigns as opposed lo governing," and
"lltinks loo much inside the box" instead of
inventing creative strategies.
Longer shots include chief Congressional
liaison John Hilley, who reportedly wauls lo
leave by the end of the ye;ir as Bowles docs:
'Erskine has even
confronted him and said to
the President, "You have
to look at this,'" said one
senior staffer. 'Clinton
says, "Win/? If I don't,
you won't leave.'"
Commerce Secretary Bill Daley, who worked
in the White House in 1993 to 'head the effort
lo gel NAFTA through Congress, and Agriculture Secreiary Dan Glickman, a fonner
nine-lenn House Member from Kansas.
The name of Rep. Vic Kazio (D-Calif) has
been floated periodically, bul friends say he is
inclined lo stay in the House in hopes of becoming Speakcrif House Minority Leader Dick
Gephardt (D-Mo) leaves to nin for President.
Because one of Clinton's major remaining
priorilies is to engineer ihe nomination and
election of Vice Presideni Al Gore in 200(1,
it's possible that he could pick a Gore operalive like fonner While House counsel Jack
Quinn or Gore's presenl chief of staff, Ron
Klain, to succeed Bowles.
Some Clinion aides, presenl and fonner,
Ihink lhat Quinn has the brains, political skills,
and judgmenl lodo ihe job well, bul douhl lhal
either Clinion or First Lady Hillary Rodham
Clinion are ready yet lo turn While House
managemeni over lo someone whose primary
loyalty is to Gore.
One seasoned Clinton loyalist wilh brains,
poliiical acumen, and experience dealing wiih
Congress is fonner US Trade Represenlalive.
Commerce Secretary, and 1992 Clinton c ampaign manager Mickey Kanlor.
If Kanlor has a drawback, il may he a willingness lo put short-term poliiical advantage
ahead of Luge, nsky projecls that could enhance Clinton's legacy.
A key question, ot course, is whether ('Ijnton wants lo take up large, risky projecls during his remaining three years, or is content lo
Hi ial through his term buoyed by a slrong
economy and high popularity ratings.
Bowles surely will not slay for three moie
years. If Clinion opts logo for a big legacy, he
will need a big-ihink chief of staff.
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 10 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6, 1997
Why Republicans Will Be the Winners
If Campaign Finance Reform Legislation Passes
Conservatives Know
Contribution Limits
Check Govt. Power
By Michael .1. Malbin
ometime", it is hard to get beyond labels. Republicans have been wary
about past hills labeled "campaign finance refonn" — and rightly so.
The he.in of these hills has been to limn
spending by candidates, and there is no way
to do Uns without Ixdng forced into a honible
choice. Either money will tlow to unaccountable groups outside the system, producing
elections lhat escape even more from the voters' control, or the govemment will have lo
place unconscionable limits on the speech of
Ihose groups.
The ban on soft money included in the truncated McCain-Feingold measure ihat is awaiting lloor action in the Senate this week is another mailer entirely. This supports a far different goal — one thai conservatives ought to
support strongly, and thai can be achieved
withoul harming free speech.
S
To gel at the key points ahoul soft money,
however, we need a fresh look al conlribulion
limils — particularly in lighl of House S|vaker Newi Gingrich's (R-Ga) recenl support for
abolishing them.
Many conservatives have questioned conlribulion limits willi ihe same reasoning ihey
use for spending: Becauserichdonors and large
groups can conlinue lo spend unlimited
amountson politics, no useful purpose isserved
hy pulling a ceiling on what ihey give directly
lo candidalcs. The premise is true enough. If
the goal of a conlribulion limit were to equalize power between so-called fat cals and average citizens, the goal would be finile and Ihe
conclusion would lol low. However, eonlribuMichael J. Malbin, a former associate director of the House Republican Conference, Is director of political and legislative studies at the
Rockefeller Institute of the State University of
New York at Albany and a guest scholar at the
Brookings Institution.
Campaign Refomi
Helps GOP Challengers
More Than Demoaats
lion I i mils serve another and fundameniallydiffercnt puqiose. Contrihuiion limits do noi seriously affect what a s|ieiidcr may do. but ihey
do limit how much a eandidale may seek.
Conservalives almost instinctively ought to
undcrsl.md why il is impoiianl not tn lei ofIty .lonalhun S. Krusno
ficeholders ask donors for unlimiled amoiinls
he convenlional wisdom about camof money. People whocan use ihe powei ofihe
paign Ii nance refomi is lhal il is opposed
govemment lo reward, punish, or intimidate
by something akin lo a bipartisan cabal
private citizens should not be able lo ask those
ot incumbeni legislators loath to undo a syscitizens forconlrihuiions without reslrainl.
To this, some conserv alives have replied lhal lem lhat has served them so well. Theic is a
an officeholder w ho inlimidalesoi exloiis is lie- fail ainounl of irulh to lhat view. Many cohaving illegally. There are two pinblems w ith sponsors ol relorm proposals have show n litthis. First, we should not lolerale unseemly tle enthusiasm to see iheir bills become law.
ll is also inte lhal the mosl visible repressures ninning from officeholders lo
sistance to refonn comes almosl entirely
citizens, even if lhal relationship falls far
from Republicans. If Congress is lo repair
short of the legal lesl for criminal extorits system of linancmg campaigns. Retion. Second, it is absurd lo expeei an inpublicans must he convinced lhat it is
dividual or organization whose welin their best interests in change
f ire depends upon working
the mies of the game.
w ith an elected official lo
Along with the usual
"lum in" ihe official
ideological objecwhenever the preslions lo governsure gets uncommeni regulalion,
fortable.
GOP opposition lo
Mosl officerefonn is also motiholders would
vated by politics.
noi slep over
Campaign reappropriate
form's numboundary
ber-one enelines. For
my.
Sen.
those who
Milch Mcmighl, the soConnell (Rlution is to
Ky). has counkeep die ma.xi'\
seled
colmuni contribution
leagues lhal "if
below a looPC; we can stop this
lempting level .
."
thing, wc can
The exact
control [Conamount is
gress | fnr the
always
nexl 20 years."
open to deAt least Mchale, bul Ihe obConnell is consistent.
jective is simple.
Continued on page 32
T
:
Before the I'W-f election — ill which the GOP
toppled a 40 year Democratic Congressional
regime — he also warned his Republican
brethren that reform would harm them.
Bul he is w rong Campaign linanee retorin
would not have hurt the GOP in past elections
and it probably w ill noi inllieluture. Thetnilh
is lhal relorm helps Republican challengers
more that it helps anvone else.
How do we know 'Thanks io the wealth of
data available from Ihe Federal Eleclion Conv
inission and ad\ anced statistical techniques, il
is possible lo pioJucc fairly precise estimaics
of the eleeloral effects ol various refonns. To
do so. one must remember iwo facts: The same
reforms alfccl all candidalcs in a single race,
and not all campaign dollars are created equal.
Challengers, because of their miiial obscurity, usually get more hang for iheir campaign
buck ihan incumhents do, and all candidates
suffer from diminished returns as campaign
spending reaches slralospheric levels.
In a sludy funded by the Pew Charitable
Trusts and ihe Joyce Foundation, 1 have taken these complications into account and examined what would have happened in more
ihan 1,000 House races had various proposals been law belween 19X4 and 1994. The results are striking. GOP candidates would have
gained ground under hills sponsored by Ihe
Democralic leadership and hy Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz) and Russ Feingold (D-Wis).
One way tocounl this is tnestimale the number of challengers who would have defeated
incumbents. Under a 1990 proposal, drafted
by Ihcn-Rep. Al Swill (D-Wash), ihe Democrats' point man on lefomi. the number of vicloriousGOPcballengers would have increased
by 15 percenl, Democrals by only 9 percent
Last year's version of McCain-Feingold —
anathema lo McConnell — would have helped
Republicans even more. Had diis bill Iven in
effect from 1984 to 1994, die number of GOP
winners would have been 11 percent higher;
the number of Democrats, 2 percent lower.
Jonathan S. Krasno is an assistant professor
of politics at Princeton University.
Continued mi page 32
Soft Money Is Good: 'Hard-Earned American Dollar
That Big Brother Has Yet to Find a Way to Control'
By Betsy DeVos
t seems lhal all of official Washington is
now consumed hy the drive toward campaign refonn. The do-gooders are out en
masse with a variety of proposals, ranging
from the clearly unconslilutional, to the
patently absurd, to ihe very dangerous.
In this era of cynicism and mistrust of all
tilings poliiical, il has become fashionable to
decry the system and call for removing all
money from politics, particularly ihis really
bad stuff called "soft money."
What is soft money? The public, being loo
preoccupied wilh the ebb and How of the important things in Iheir lives, doesn't have any
idea what it is. It sounds bad, shadowy, hard
lo pin down, untraceable, even sinister.
In reality, soft money given to political parlies is noihing more than money lhat is not yet
regulated by the federal govemment. And contrary lo what you hear, il is all publicly reported for everyone to see. It is hard-earned American dollars lhat Big Brotlier has yet lo find a
way lo control. That is all it is, noihing more.
Much of this money is used in gubemalorial races and slate legislative campaigns, where
i
Betsy DeVos, whose family has contributed
some $2.5 million in soft money, Is the chairwoman of the Michigan Republican party.
the feds have yel lo take over. Some is spent on
television ads promoting the ideals of boih the
Republican and Democralic parties, and some
is used in efforts to increase voter turnout.
I know a little something about soft money, as my family is the largest single conlrihutor of soft money to the national Republ ican
party. Occasionally a wayward reporter will
uy to make the charge lhat we are giving this
money to get something in return, or that we
must be purchasing influence in some way.
In fact, shortly after this summer's historic
budget agreement, some on the left began
shopping a rumor that President Clinton was
planning to line-item veto a provision lhat,
they hypothesized, had been somehow
sneaked into iheagreemenl to benefil my family's company, the Amway Corporation.
For a moment, the Democrats got very excited, believing Ihey had an opportunity to
claim lhal we boughl access, ll was all hogwash, and upon being confronted with the
facts, they had to scrap their plan.
I have decided, however, lo slop taking offense at the suggestion that we are buying influence. Now I simplyconcedethe point.They
are right. We do expect some things in return.
We expect to foster a conservative governing philosophy consisting of limited govern-
meni and respect for traditional American
virtues. We expect a return on our investmenl;
we expect a good and honest government.
Furthermore, wc expect the Republican party to use ihe money to promote these policies,
and yes, to win elections.
People like us must surely be slopped.
But "everyone knows there istoo much money in politics." I will admit lhal refrain certainly does sound pleasing to the ear. A closer lookshows, however, that il does not match up with
reality. The trulh is lhat we know more about
the cheeseburgers we eat than the leaden; we
elect. McDonald's spent more on television advertising last year than did all the candidates for
the House of Represcmalives combined.
As Sen. Milch McConncll (R-Ky) likes lo
say, when you combine all ihe poliiical spending from the 1995-96 election cycle, it conies
lo about the same amounl thai the cosmetics
indusiry spenl promoting ils products.
So what is more important? Fully understanding ihe views, ideas, and beliefs of the
people who will chart ihe future of our country? Or gelling the value meal lhat is on sale?
There is a much greater and more fundamental underlying problem with most of the reform proposals currently being considered.
They are all, in varying degrees, attempts to pass
laws in order lolimilorreducecampaign sjiending, meaning ihey are attempts lo limit speech.
The idea that the government has the righi
or ihe ability lo limit how much people speak
in the American political process ought lo
frighten people. In politics, money is speech.
You don't have free speech without il.
If you limit or take away citizens' and candidates'rightslo promote their views, whether
they choose to express them by yelling on the
street comer, pulling up yard signs, handing
out literalure, or buying air time for television
ads, you have taken away their free speech.
Of course, to really be heard in our system,
you have lo nin television ads, and Ihis requires some serious cash. There is a name for
political candidates who can't raise enough
money to run television ads — losers.
Realizing this, the laborunions S|ienl at least
$100 million on television ads in 1996 trying
to defeat the Republican Congress. Did I like
Ihis? No. Their ads were, in my opinion, misleading, and in some cases, even dishonest. Yel
I will continue to defend llicir right lo air them.
Many of the currem "reform" proposals advocate strictly curbing the ability of independent citizen groups lo lalk lo the voters via advertising. This amounts to nothing less than
Continued on page 32
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 12 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
Do Hard Numbers Dictate Dems' Soft-Money Fight
Democratic Caucus Is Divided on Ban; DCCC Chair Frost Says Party Needs the Funds to Retake Hou
look no further than the recently resc i nded $50 candidates miming for local office in Virginia.
By Amy Keller
billion sweetheart lax deal...to understand ihe So far this year, the DCCC hasraisedmore
As the Senate is poised to vote this week on
than $1.9 million in non-federal money.
influence 'soft money' can have...."
a reform package that includes acomplete ban
All 45 Democratic Senators have endorsed The National Republican Congressional
on soft money — the unlimited, unregulated
the McCain-Feingold bill, which bans soft Commiitee, by comparison, typically transdonations from individuals, corporations, and
unions that have become the staple of "partymoney — even ihough the Democralic Sen- fers all of its soft money — it has raised more
building" activities — it's not just Republiatorial Campaign Committee has raised and than $5.2 million in soft money for the 1997cans setting up roadblocks.
spent approximately $2.4 million in soft- 98cycleal ready—loadminislrativeaccounls
and lo (lie Republican National Committee,
money funds already this cycle.
House Democratic Caucus Chairman Vic
But Democratic leaders like Frost are still which then doles it out to stale and local races
Fazio (Calif) and Democratic Congressional
insistingthat soft money must survive if Dem- across the country.
Campaign Committee Chainman Martin Frost
Despile Frost and Fazio's campaign,
(Texas) have been cajoling Members to abanocrats are to regain a majority in Ihe House.
don a total ban on soft money, urging them in"Frost's big problem wilh banning soft mon- Democralic aides insist there is a "total lack
stead to support caps on soft money, which is
ey is that itreallyhurts Congressional candi- of consensus" among Democrals on ihe softreachingrecordamounts already in the 1997dates in a lot of states," one leadership aide said. money issue. "There's a big leap Ihere,
98 campaign cycle.
In an interview Friday, Frost said he sup- between a ban and a cap," one Democralic
ports campaign finance refonn and caps on leadership source said.
According to Federal Election Commissoft money, but not a complete ban on the non- Most of the party committees, in fad, are
sion data, Republicans have raised $21.7 milfederal funds.
vigorously opposed to bans or caps on their
lion in soft money for thefirstsix months of
this year, compared with $ 16.6 million during
Frost said he and Fazio have considered soft-money fundraising — with the exception
the same period in 1995. Democrats have talproposing caps of $20,000, $15,000, or of the Democratic National Commiitee,
lied $13.7 million this year, compared with
$ 10,000 that would apply per person, and per which is abiding by a self-imposed limit of
$10.8 million raised in 1995.
$100,000 on soft-money donations, followparty committee.
"I've tried to urge my colleagues not to ing the scandal regarding the DNC's fundraisBut, as several sources put ii, the Democratic
Photo hy Maureen Keating
Caucus is in "total disarray" over the issue of
stand up and salute automatically for every- ing activities in the last eleclion cycle.
banning soft money, a centerpiece of the Sen- ey provision contained in McCain-Feingold thing that hasreformstamped on it," he said.
Even so, DNC soft-money receipts are up
ate's McCain-Feingold campaign reform bill would destroy the [US] political system," the
During the 19% election cycle, the DCCC this year — the party committee has already
and the House's companion legislation.
Sept. 25 letter stated.
with Frost at its helm mmsferred more than $2.6 raised $9.5 million in soft money, compared
.
Since he began making lonely floor speech- "State parties would simply cease to exist million, approximately $ 12 million of that in wiih $9.3 million during the first six months
es in defense of soft money several weeks ago. if McCain-Feingold passed," they argued.
soft money, to his home state of Texas and lo of the 1995-96 cycle.
Frost has rallied some support from various
But not everyone is jumping on the band- party committees wilhin Frost's own district — DNC Co-chairman Roy Romer emphatifactions within the Democralic party, includ- wagon. Freshman Rep. Harold Ford Jr. (D- representing nearly 30 percenl of all the funds supports a ban on soft money.
cally
ing members of the Black Caucus.
Tenn), who this year served on the freshman the DCCC sent to the stales (Roll Call, April 7). "Would ihere be new challenges because of
Recently,fiveother Members — Reps. Al- task force on campaign financerefomi,wrote According to areviewof more recent fil- il? Probably. When you make any sort of
bert Wynn (D-Md), Robert Menendez (D- his own letter lo the entire Democratic Cau- ings wilh the FEC, the DCCC sent another change you have lo leam how lo manage lo
NJ), Martin Sabo (D-Minn), Maxine Waters cus the following day, urging Members to sup- $27,500 to various Texas stale party organi- thrive...but the nalional parties are very strong
(D-CaliO, and John Murtha (D-Pa) — signed port a bipartisan effort to ban soft money.
zations this year. From one of its soft-money and veryresilient,"one DNC source said.
their names with Frost's on a Dear Colleague "A ban on 'soft money' is inevitable — if accounts, the DCCC also iransferred more
Bul RNC communications directorClifford
letter defending non-federal contributions.
not in the 105th Congress, then in the 106th Ihan $313.000tothe New Mexico Democratic Mayrailedagainst soft-money reforms in an
"It is clear ihat campaignfinancereform is or 107th," Ford argued. "Although Democrats party, $20,000 to various local and slate can- imerview, arguing, like Frost, that banning soft
necessary; however, ihe particular soft mon- are not immune, the American public need didates in New Jersey, and $30,000 lo iwo money would ruin the two-party system.
A last Track Backward
ongress is considering trade
legislation that takes an
irresponsible step backward
even from the original fast track law
enacted in 1974.
C
Under previous fast track law,
Presidents had discretionary power to
negotiate meaningful environmental,
labor, and food safety protections in
trade pacts.
The new fast track legislation for the
first time forbids enforceable
environmental and labor standards in
future trade agreements negotiated
under fast track.
The new fast track proposal bans that
presidential discretion.
R
ecent polls confirm that
American voters want a
forward-looking trade policy.
One that requires environmental
protections, enforces fair labor practices,
and safeguards our food supply.
Congress still has time to heed the
public's good sense and avoid a rush
to judgement that rolls America
backward.
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�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 14 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
(Dakar's Plea Closes Book on House Bank Scanda
By Jennifer Bradley
The House Bank scandal, which roared
through the chamber like a North Dakota flood
in late 1991 and early 1992, dribbled to a ciuiel, almost invisibleend last weekwhenex-Rep.
Mtiry Rose Dakar (D-Ohio) pleaded guilty lo
twomisdemeanorviolationsof campaign laws.
The probe of Dakar's electionfinances—
she conspired lo make $16,000 in contrihulions to her 1992 campaign in other people's
names — sprang from a wide-ranging Justice
Department exiimination of the most egregious abusers of the House's informal bank.
Five Members — all of whom had quit or
been defeated before the Justice Department
took them to court — and a veteran House
Sergeant at Arms either pleaded or were found
guilty as a result of Justice's investigation.
Two Members' wives were similarly drawn
into the courts through die investigation.
Like any disaster, whether caused by natural conditions or human folly, the bank scandal left some mined, while others lixik ad^vantage of the upheaval lo rise to power. And
in changing Ihe poliiical fates of scores of
Members, it changed the House pcrmanenlly.
"It changed the House of Representatives
in a lot of ways," said Democratic ethics attorney Stan Brand, who represents Oakar. "It
changed it from Democratic tn Republican
control. Il was thefirsttime lhat the opposition party was able to paint a broad stroke
against the party in power as corrupt. In other [scandals], people were still able to look al
their own Congressman and say, "They are
ethical.' Thai was the first time il was spread
across the whole institution."
For Brand, the bank fallout represents a
Congressional setback: "We've trivialized all
these mies about conduct, and we've made it
harder for Members to funciion on a day-today basis."
But many Republicans benefited from the
scandal.
"I think the willingness lo lake the initiative
|in denouncing the bank] helped our party begin to understand we could take ihe majority,"
said GOP Conference Chairman John Boehner (Ohio), one of Ihe original "Gang of Seven"
freshmen who from September 1991 to March
1992 pressed, loudly and publicly, for the
House ethics panel lo reveal which Members
had overspent their accounts at the House Bank.
Boehner was an ambitious state Representative on the campaign trail in Ohio when the
General Accounting Officereleasedin Febmary 1990 a report documenting $232,000 in
overdrafts from Members and House staff between June 1988 and June 1989.
TheGAOrepon resulted in pledges totighi-
FINALLY, A MEDICAL REFERENCE
THAT ISN'T ABOVE YOUR HEAD.
OR BELOW
DOCTORS' STANDARDS.
:\ world ^inutuir in ntcdicul rvsf'mr/r <iud cduciitioir hr'm^s )nii
tUc iufornuition used hy more doctors worldwide, hi evenduy linvlisli.
I o n m r . i-msT T I M I .
;ind e\pl;iins in detail
L'VIT. M e r c k - I I w o r l d
the irnist Ljp-ln-d.ile
k'.uk'r in hrt\ilu[iri)ii}:li
knnwledge nn h u m , i n
i n e J i o l disoH'CTIL'S - i >
>
tlise.^es ;IIK1 disorders
p l f . i ^ d m slinre w i l h
I r o m pregiKinev ;md
ilu- ^ C I K T I I I public ,1
i n h i i i c y t h r o u g h puber-
u v a l l h nt mi.'dk'.il
ty ;md udult n u l i r r i l y .
m l o r m n l i n n ni die
l i s ;is c u m p l c l c as
j
J
s i m i st H|H . d c p l t i ,ind
h u m a n s ;iie c o i n p l e \
prtitoMiin.il qiulitv
lli.il il luv. p m v n k ' d h i
M i n i m i - Hnxic
dociiii-s tor |(H) u v i r v
f-Jnh
1 be reference i n l o r n i . i t i o n vou need
I n i i o i l i K i n ^ I h r M-n-k Mamuil -
tn he!
r L o m m u n i c a l e w i l h \ ( i u r dtn lor
l l n m , ' l ^ l i l i n i l . T l i m i ^ l i U N l l C I l i n CVt.-mlllY
when
i e d k . i l decision'; m m e up in hie -
fnrsu
I I K I (hosi" VMH care .iliutit.
r n f j l i s h . il s i i h l i k r .my
,
llt^nn mcdu'.il ivh-ri-ncc ; I \ ; I I L I U C |<H!;I\.
^ m B ^ ^ ^ M
Tilt' i m M aintfm'in'HMW h o u r n i o h d i l rvfet-
l l m v e r s nion* i l l . i n
t-m-f tiwiihihh- with
cveryd.iy c o i u l u i n n s ,
t'l'i'r / ^ ' " ) yii'^i^
w i d i c o n l r i h u u n n s i r o m JOH m i r r i n i i n n . i l l v
iiiiit y>c.- illu\tTtitit>u> l'iil>li^ln\l tit un prajit in
respecled speci.ilisK. It dcscriln-s in d e p l h
M i ' t v k tni.l t n ; i i l t i l ' l f til S^<) t)^
WMTLN l i s A ( J L T S M O N ni
I I K A I . I H , M S A \ 1 . M T I , » OI IHUST.
O MERCK
OmmineO BunQino Oui
CfimmineO lo Bpinqing Oui Ihe Besl T Meflicine
cn up the bank, which essentially was a salary
pool of all Members — il gave Members pay
advances and provided checking privileges,
hut did not have banking services like savings
accounts.
But the banking problem didn't go away.
More than a year lalcr, a September 1991 GAD
audit found Members writing a staggering
8,331 overdrafts in Ihe course of a year. The
story got front-page treatment in Roll Call. The
next day, US AToday was on the case, and from
Ihere a full-fledged media frenzy ensued. This
time, average citizens couldn't help but hear
about lite problem and decried a privileged,
out-of-touch Congress.
"It was one of the unique times when the public down to the average citizen,righion Ihrough
ihe mcdiagained an insight and fix-used on what
was arelativelysmall tiling as far as intemalional and national concerns go and brought
enormous pressure to bear," said Gang of Seven member Rep. Charles Taylor (R-NQ.
Then-House Speaker Thomas Foley (DWash) look to the lloor lo denounce lite practice of bouncing checks, while ihe Gang of
Seven insisted lhal the checking-account miscreants be punished, and a scandal dial crippled the House for a full year was launched.
A House ethics commiitee investigation led
lo a Justice Department probe, and the naming of a special counsel, former Judge Malcolm Wilkey, which led lo either convictions
on or confessions to significantly more serious charges than sloppy accounting from exReps. Buz Lukeiis(R-Oliio). Carroll Hubbard
(D-Ky), and Carl Perkins Jr. (D-Ky); Del.
Waller Fauntroy (D-DC); former House
'It changed the House
of Representatives in a lot
of ways,' said Dakar's
lazvyer, Stan Brand.
Seigcant at Amis Jack Russ; and now Oakar.
Lukens was sentenced lo 30 monlhs in
prison in June 1996. Hubbard left prison earlier this year after serving (wo years and three
weeks of a three-year sentence. He now works
for a Kentucky car dealership. His wife, Carol,receivedfive years' probation, and Nina
Solarz, wife of ex-Rep. Steve Solarz (D-NY),
was put on probation for a year.
Fauntroy also received iwo years of probation. Russ spent 19 monlhs in prison before
being released to "home confinement" in
1992 for the rest of his iwo-year sentence.
Oakar will be sentenced in December She has
asked for prohalion and agreed lo pay a
$32,000 line.
Then, ihere were ihe more predictable electoral consequences: Alter the 1992 elections,
25 of the 46 Members who had more than 100
overdrafts were ex-Members. Today, a dozen
of them remain in Ihe House.
Taylor recalled a Democralic Member
idling him one day thai he would noi vote lo
make the names of those widi overdrafts public. Bul alter a weekend al home, ihe Member
lold Taylor he had changed his mind.
The Member said, "I went home, and in the
cafeteria after church a lady serving food said,
'Vote for full disclosure. Don't come back if
you don't vote for full disclosure.'"
"He knew what she meant," said Taylor,
"and she wasn't smiling, and he recognized,
I imagine, as olher Members did, lhat the public had gained the insight as to what was really at slake and what was wrong."
But today the impact seems muted, almost
as if the internal reforms the bank uproar
sparked have become like House wallpaper
— always there, bul rarely noticed.
Does ilresonatenow ? " I don't think so,"
saidRep.ScottKlug(R-Wis),oneoflheGang.
Rep. Bill Thomas (R-Calif) joked thai if a reporter went onto Ihe floor and hollered,
"House Bank scandal!" some Members
Continued on page 18
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 16 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
One Week, Too Many Hearings: Burton Starts His,
Thompson Resumes & Floor Poses New Distraction
By Ed Henry
and Jennifer Bradley
After weeks of delay and months of distractions, House Govemment Reform and
Oversight Chainnan Dan Bunon (R-Ind) will
finally get a chance this week to go head-tohead with the campaign finance investigation
of Senate Governmental Affairs Chainnan
Fred Thompson (R-Tenn).
But now both chairmen will have to contend with a third distraction lhat Congressional aides fear will overshadow ihe two investigations: The Senate floor debate on campaign finance refonn which, beginning on
Tuesday, will yield its first voles.
"It's going to complicate the whole week,"
said one Senaie GOP invesligator.
On Tuesday, the full Senate is expected lo
vote on Majority Leader Trent Lou's (R-Miss)
amendment to give union and non-union
members therightto refuse lhat their union
dues be used for political purposes.
Thompson was hoping to gamer plenty of
attention for his hearing thai same day, however, by bringing former While House deputy
chief of staff Harold Ickes in for what should
be a contentious public session of questioning. But GOP investigators realize lhal this
year's first vote on campaign finance reform
is likely to grab mosi of ihe headlines.
Lott's proposal is an amendment to the latest version of ihe reform bill sponsored hy
Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz) and Russell
Feingold (D-Wis). After a vote on Lott's
amendment, there will be more debate and
then a vote on the full bill lhat could come on
Tuesday or Wednesday.
Tha! could cut into Thompson's plans for
Wednesday. Though Thompson has yet to release an official schedule, GOP sources ex-
pect him to hold a hearing on Wednesday to
air allegations that the Teamster; improperly
collaborated wilh the Democratic Nalional
Committee and the 19% Clinton/Gore campaign.
Further complicating mailers is ihe fact thai
Burton plans to present opening statements
from House committee members on Wednesday and then shift to his firsl hearing on foreign money on Thursday.
Senate Democrals, meanwhile, are slill
clamoring for their own set of hearings lo examine GOP impropneties. Democrats say
they're so iment on getting those three days
committee," said Democratic spokesman Jim source said thai the dozen were so far minor
Jordan. "He has to honor the commiimcnls he players in the campaignfinancedebacle.
"fSenate Democrats] had no knowledge
has made lo other Senators."
But one GOP committee aide insisted that lhat Burton had these depositions until we
called them and said, 'Do you know lhal the
Thompson "never promised three days."
In ihe House, Burton will iry lo break Senate has sent over depositions ? " according
ihrough the campaign finance information lo a House Democralic aide.
"II is unclear whether or not sharing these
glut with his opening witnesses, who have
admitted that they were conduits for illegal depositions with the House side violates the
contributions from Little Rock restaurateur documenl protocol, hut in any event, we wish
Charlie Trie and ex-DNC fundraiser John we had been informed," Jordan said.
A source on the Senaie side said the SenHuang.
Burton's chief counsel, Richard Bennett, ate's protocol was "tlueadbare" since "none
has already conceded these witnesses are not of ushave very clean hands in all of ihis stuff....
blockbusters, but instead present "pieces of This is obviously less objectionable...than the
wholesale leaking of documents and deposithe puzzle" of Democralic wrongdoing.
By contrast. Senate Republicans believe tions lhal has laken place." Thus it was unlikely that Senate Democrals would protest
lhat Ickes was ihe ccniral player.
Democrats, however, said they're noi wor- with Ihe vigor that their House counterparts
ried about what Ickes has lo say. "We're con- have used in their own internal disputes.
fident that he's not aware of any illegalities at House Democrats complained ihat the docall," said one Democratic aide, who noted lhat uments were unjustly withheld in contradicthe former aide's deposition did not reveal tion to protocols that slate thai "Minority Inanything thai damaging.
vestigative Staff will receive separate copies
Meanwhile, a procedural tangle of the son of the documents obtained by...Idler requests
lhat has consistently roiled the House probe during the Investigalion."
"It's an unusual way to proceed widi an inhas sketched lo the Senate side. Al issue is
whether Senaie Republican invesligalors im- vestigalion, and it seemingly violates Senate
properly gave deposition transcripts to their mies. If i! is an official transmission, it violates
House GOP counlerparts, without consulting our mies," said the House Democratic aide.
Senate Democrats, and whether House ReBennett wrote his Democratic counterpart
publicans did not adhere to iheir protocol and lhal "|wle thought this malerial had already
share the iranscripLs wilh House Democrats. been copied and sent lo your offices. Since
Last week, Democrats learned lhat House your staff has referred to Senate testimony in
Republicans had obtained 32 deposition tran- our own depositions there was a misunderscripts from Senate Republican investigators. standing that your staff already had this maAbout a dozen of those transcripts were from terial."
people who had not yet testified and whose
Will Dwyer, the House investigation
depositions should have been kept under spokesman, seconded Bennett's opinion ihat
wraps in llie Senate. A Senaie Democratic Ihe matter was "an administrative oversight."
'It's going to complicate the
whole week,' said one
Senate GOP investigator
of the floor votes on reform.
that they don'tcareaboutcompeting wilh Burton or the Senate floor debate.
Senaie Democrals had been all set lo unveil tliree days of hearings earlier ihis month,
bul they held their fire when Thompson decided io shift gears and hold public policy
hearings lo preview the campaign reform
lloor debate.
Democrats claim that Thompson made a
commitmenl to give Democrats their three
days of hearings if he went back to investigalive hearings, as he now is wiih Ickes and the
Teamsters. Democrats want lo use the time lo
investigate Triad, a GOP consulting firm, and
ex-Republican National Committee Chairman Haley Barbour (Roll Call, Oct. 2).
"Chainnan Thompson made that commitment openly and plainly to all memberc of the
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�Y
PRESERVATION
Page 18 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6, 1997
Flake Delays Resignation
No Otner Caterer...
I x n o w s C i p i l o l I l i l l lilv-i' \\ c i l o . . .
P l n n s n n t l f x c f i i l c * n i o i c M i l l e v e n Is t l i . i n wc d o . . .
O r c l i e s t r a l c s m o r e s u c c c s s l u l I u n d i nisei s
.mil nssociiilion recentioiis lli.in...
IU Raclicl Van Dongen
Rep Floyd Flake (D-NY) has delayed by
.<(! days his p|;in io resign Irom Congress.
The sivierm House Memhei from the
Queens-based bib dislrict had originally
planned lo exit lite House on Oct. 1? in older io turn his lull attention lo his dulies as
niinisier ol the Allen A.M.C. Clmrcli in
Queens, which has jusl buill a $23 million
cathedral.
Bul Flake announced lasi week lhal he
would push lhal date back to Nov. 15 in order
lo "keep track of nine major appropriations
hills lhal are now jx-nding in Congress," according lo a slaller.
Flake's decision will also delay the special
eleclion lo replace him in the heavily Demo-
cralic and Atncan-Anicrican (rth district,
w Inch isexpecled loiake place cat ly nexl year
According lo Queens Democrats. New
York Cily Councilman Archie Spigner (D)
would be ihe tionlninncr io succeed Flake.
Bul Spigner is ciirrenily embroiled in a competitive battle foi ic-eleciion lo ihe city council, and a later special eleclion would work lo
his advantage.
Stale Sen. Alton Waldon (D). w ho came to
Congress tor a shorl lime in l )Sb alter the
death of Rep. Joseph Addabbo (D-N Y), is also
imerested in ihe seal, as is stale Assenihlyinan
Gregory Meeks (D), who some feel is Flake's
choice lor a successor.
The Democratic nominee will be selected
by the Queens Democralic paily.
l
Louisiana Race Probe Fallout
C a p i t o l Catering'
703 739 1030
A l t e r nine years, we're still
Capitol H i l l ' s Premiere Caterer.
ntemational C ii e
usn
faced a far greater challenge lo investigate
Continued from page .t
san team of anomeys. Democrat Bob Bauer charges of fraud today because of changes in
and Republican Bill Canlieki, who produced Ihe way campaigns are ran and money is disan initial repon reviewing Jenkins's charges. persed.
When ihe commiitee voted 9-7, along party
"In 1954, there were actual paper ballots,
lines, on April 17 lo reject the Bauer-Canfteld which could he reviewed, rather than elecrepon and launch a wide ranging probe. Re- tronic voting machines, which prim resulls
publicans hired ihe Richmond law- firm you hope are reliable," Warner said.
McGuire, Woods, Baltle & Booih. That leam
"In 1954, ihere were few, if any. prohibiwas originally led by Richard Cullen; then, tions on bow money could he s|x'iil on camwhen Cul Ien resigned lohecomeVirginia'sal- paigns, hi 1954, Ihere was not Ihe communilomey general, by George Terwilliger. Dem- cations system which made il easy for candiocrats hired Bauer and attorneys al his fimi, dalcs, groups, and olhers lo work logether,
Perkins Coie.
both legally and illegally, hy fax, hy e-mail,
Democrals quil ihe probe June 2.5. citing or by cell phone."
reports (hat Jenkins operatives had intimiJohnson echoed several supporters of the
daled witnesses and paid them lo lie lo in- Senate investigation when he noted that Jenkvesligalors. Attorney General Janet Reno ins's failed bid to unseat Landrieu nonetheless
then withdrew ihe FBI agents, saying the bu- yielded several smaller wins for electionreau only detailed agents for bipartisan in- refonn advocates in Louisiana.
vesligations.
Indeed, just last week, Louisiana saw two
The Landrieu-Jenkins inquiry marks ihe tangible changes in the state's election laws.
firsl lime the Senate has examined charges of
Morial's group, LIFE, settled a lawsuit with
voter fraud since 1954, when Patrick Hurley Ihe stale ethics commission by agreeing to file
(R) challenged Sen. Dennis Chavez (D-NM) slate campaign finance reports. Also, the Jusover his 5,071-vote win. Chavez ultimately lice Departmenl gave die slale pemiission lo
kepi his seal.
require voters lo provide photo identificalion
But, Republicans said, Ihe commiitee at polling stations in liilure elections.
<
"An elegant, relaxing restaurant for adults
with first class cuisine"
-faHat Guide
"Whispered chicsubtly handsome-offhand liuury
priced no higher than any suburban restaurant"
Continued from page 14
-IhshinjiM Post
would say, 'Which hank?' Some Members
'At 701 Restaurant, great dining is just steps say, 'House bank? 1 didn't know the
would
House had a
away from the Washington National Mall" Thanks to bank.'" of the 1992, 1994,
Ihe turnover
-Bon Appetit
and 1996 eleclions, Thomas explained,
Bank Scandal Six Years Later
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"close lo a majorily of Members aren'l
around. It is not a point anyone focuses on
anymore."
A dozen of the top overdrafters — those
with more ihan 100 bounced checks — are
slill in Congress now, many in positions of
power. Reps. Ron Dellums (D-Calif), Henry Waxman (D-Calif), and John Conyers
(D-Mich), who had 851,434, and 273 overdrafts respectively, are committee ranking
members. Chairmen Bill Goodling (R-Pa),
with 430 overdrafts and Thomas, wilh 119,
also survived,
Then-Rep. Barbara Boxer's (D-Calif) 143
overdrafts did not keep her from advancing
lo Ihe Senate. And one Member who had 22
bad checks is now ihe top Member of ihe
House, Speaker Newi Gingrich (R-Ga).
The scandal also showed dial feisiy hackbenchers could buck Ihe system and (hen
rise wilhin ii. As Klug pointed out, five
years ago, "there was a sense those of us involved were going to he banished" because
theireries for full disclosure llircalened Republicans as well as Democrals.
Bul now, Klug pointed oul, Ihe Seven
have healthy Congressional careers.
Taylor is an Appropriations subcommittee chairman (albeit for the thankless DC
panel); Rep. Jim Nussle (R-Iowa), who hecame indelibly identified with the scandal
when he put a paper bag over his head on
the House floor, is on ihe Ways and Means
panel; Klug is on Commerce; Boehner is
number four in (he leadership; and ex-Rep.
Rick Santonim (R-Pa) is now his slale's junior Senator. Two others. Reps. Frank Riggs (R-Calif) and John Doolillle (R-Calif).
are subcommittee chairmen.
Boehner noied lhat "there are people whe
pounded my chest with their forefinger in
1991 and 1992 who today are some of my
biggest supporters." And because disgust
wiih incumbents boosted turnover, Boehner noied, Members elected in 1990, as he
was, "are now senior Members."
Members both directly and peripherally
involved in the scandal also cited the professionalization of Ihe House administration, which itself still has a few glitches if
work oul, as a legacy of the bank, as wcl
as changes like lenn limits for chairmen.
There is also a legacy of sadness, accord
ing lo some Members. Rep. Ben Cardin (D
Md) said, "The House Bank was a very personal issue.... We were not able lo deal with it
before il became a national scandal. Il resonates. It's personal in that Members were
seryembamissed "
But there is no chance that anew bank could
replace the convenience of die old one.
"Zero. Absolutely not," said Cardin.
"One word: Insanity," agreed Rep. Bill Paxon (R-NY).
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 20 ROLL CALL Nfonday, October 6, 1997
F ml Fu : Gn rc & Hs D p te
a iy e d i gih
i e ui s
Hying in Formation' Never W r e for GOP Soloists
okd
Continued from page 1
defunct watering hole jusl yaids away from
ihe Republican Nalional Commillee headquarters, were Ihcn-Rep. Boh Walker (R-Pa),
whom Gingrich called "his very besl friend
onCapitol Hill," and Rep. Bill Paxon IR-N V >.
whom Gingrich valued as a strategisl ;uid relentless fundraiser in his new capacity' as
chainnan of the Nalional Repuhlican Congressional Commiitee.
Rep. John Boehner (Ohio), the future GOP
Confercncechainnan.wasallheiiinea sophomore who rarely interacted w ith Gingrich; he
was not invited.
In what Gingrich today calls "one of the
mosl sclf-aw;ire and self-honest conversations" he has ever had with another poliiician,
Armey admilted it would be hard lo become
a leam player.
"He said. 'Hey guys, I have always flown
solo my whole life, and you're now asking me
to fly in formation,'" Gingrich remembered.
Armey signed up for the team, and for a euphoric 18 months or so, die men who would
mn the future House GOP majorily had a hisloric mn.
By followinga well-scripted playbook—the
"Contract widi America" intnxluced wilh much
fanfare in a September 1994 event outside llie
Capilol — ihey directed a 52-seal pick-up en
mule to Iheirfin>lCongressional majorily in four
decades. The ten-point plan outlined exactly
where Ihe House GOP stood, from balancing
the budget loculting governmental red tape, and
promised llie bills would be considered in ihe
first 100 days of a Republican majorily.
As political strategy, il may have been hrilliam. Bul — as interviews wiih Gingrich,
Anney, DeLay, Boehner, Paxon, and iheir top
aides show — it kept lliem from developing a
er. DeLay, and Kep. Bill McCollum (Pla) foi
Whip; and Boehner and Rep. Bob Livingsion
(La) loi Conference Chairman
While Gingrich was unopposed, Anney
faced a inomenlarv challenge I rom McCollum,
who iuuiivd oul of the Whip's lace to seek the
second-higheslsloi. Armey Ivgan making calls
al 10 p.m. on eleclion niglil. Uy four o'clock
the next afternoon, Aimey ice ailed. McCollum
called him to admit "the gig's up "
The Republicans'\ icloiy also gave Boclmer his fust opportunitv lo secure a pronuneni
place. While most political observers assumed
Gingrich auouilcd Boehner Confeience
chainnan, ihe Ohio Republican insisls loday
lhal he negotiated his own entry inlo Ihe leadership. "Newt did nothing to encourage me,"
he seolfcd. "He didn'i Ihink 1 couhl win."
Pholo hy Moiorcn Knitiitg
"We made a pact to make the 'Contract' happen," said Armey. In September 1994,
three of the leaders prepared for tbe big announcement: I'axon, Gingrich, and Armey.
linn leadership simcture lhal could susiain a
Repuhlican regime. By July 1997, these problems would go public in ihe mosl embarrassing way: an aborted coup against Gingrich in
which all of his depulies were involved.
Armey says today's leadership rifts were
evident from the very lieginningo! theirtcnure
as ihe House GOP's titular heads. Turf battles,
said Anncy, predominated from the stan:
"The problem is ou occasion, and il's true wilh
each and every one of us, we tend sometimes
lo think lhal we need lo reach in and help out
w ith that olher job."
DeLay and Boehner anticipated such problems early on and urged leaders to "go ihrough
a process, dotting the I's and crossing theT's,"
as Boehner put it. But ihe leaders never look
the lime to sit down and define sep;irale
spheres of inlluence. They would me the day
Ihey procrasiinaled.
A
s 1994 unfolded, it was unqucsiioned
lhal Gingrich would become leader of
the party in place of the accommodating Bob Michel (HI). Armey was content as
Conference Chairman, and DeLay, as always,
simply wanted lo be Whip. Boehner eyed the
now-defunct chairmanship of the GOP Research Committee, and Paxon was happy ninning ihe NRCC.
The plan fell apart, however, when die leaders realized they were going to win the majority. Gingrich immediately announced for
Speaker; Anney for Majority Leader; Walk-
Livingston, ioo, decided lo run for Confei ence chainnan. Bul Boehner called him jusl
before lite eleclion and offered him a deal: In
exchange for abandoning his Conference hid,
Livingsion was assured of Boehner's support
lor Approprialions chairman.
Livingsion gambled and enlisted ihe Ohio
Republican as bis campaign manager. The
Iwo men won llie posts ihey warned.
ll was ihe Whip's race, how ever, where personal grudges lhat reverberate loday were exposed. DeLay. who had plotted his run for
nearly IX months, knew Gingrich favored
Walker. As would often be Ihe case in Ihe next
fouryears, DeLay also suspected (hat Armey's
staff was working liehind the scenes to undemiine his candidacy, though die Majority
Leader's aides deny this.
Much of Ihe tension arose from die fact lhal
having iwo Texans at die top of llie leadership
hampered both of their chances of moving
higher. Since Armey had already claimed the
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Monday, October 6,1997 ROLL CALL Pjge 21
ship belween die Iwo offices," Armey chief of
slaff Kerry Knott recalled. "It slill is thai way."
Knott — whom Anney cretins with coining the name for the contract — had recniited Boehner chief of slaff Barry Jackson lonin
ihe communicaiions side ol the contract al lite
NRCC during die campaign, and now lhal ihe
eleclion was over, Jackson returned lo promote ihe contract hack in Boehner's office.
That experience noi only slrengihcned
Boehner's position wilhin the leadership, but
earned Jackson Uic Speaker's respcci. "His lop
staff person, Barry Jackson, did (lie 'Conlracl
wiih America' event, was the 'Conliaci widi
America' coordinator," Gingrich emphasi/ed.
As die 104th Congress progressed, however, aides played a diminished role in policymaking. Meanwhile, the lop leaders, who
worked well together during the frenetic days
of die contract, started io intervene in each oilier's affairs more frequenlly.
nuniher-lwo position, [lie anti-Texas argument was deployed heavily againsl DeLay.
Members also knew lhal W;ilker was Gingrich's besl friend, gising ihe Pennsylvania
Republican a li;ird-lo-calciilate advantage.
Bul DeLay had a more effective weapon:
money, fie had poured more Ihan $22?i.(XX)
inlo his colleagues' campaigns, Iraveled lo
iheir diM nets, anil given lliem political advice.
DeLay overcame opposition from odier
leaders lo win with I I'J votes, bul said he was
forced lo lap the expertise of Ed Buckham, DeLay's current chief of staff, on llie Repuhlican
Study Commillee toorcheslrale lhe\ icloiy. " I
would not be Whip today if il were not for Ed
Buckham." DeLay said.
D
cLay's relaiionship with Gingrich and
Armey turned even more sour when
lalk of dismanlling the Repuhlican
Study Commillee started lo heat up.
DeLay wanted lo maintain Ihe group when
the GOP seized die majorily. hut Gingrich,
Anney. and Boehner were commilled to abolishing all legislative service organizations. DeLay believed Gingrich and Anney feared he
would cxploil the commillee and ils nine-person staff to undeniiine llie party's lop leaders.
DeLay lost: the committee was dismantled
in late 1994.
Even in victory, the leaders squabbled over
how lo divvy up ihe spoils. The Whip race
took place an entire month aflerGingrich and
Anney secured iheir posls, so DeLay found
himself picking over leftovers when he wenl
lo claim his leadership perks.
"In 30 days ihey sucked up everything," he
lamented.
To DcLay's amazement, Gingrich's otfice
proposed allocating the same funding to DeLay as the Democrats had given to Gingrich
when he was Minority Whip. Since the Majority Whip's budget was cut from roughly
$1.3 million lo less ihan $900,000, DeLay argued he was entitled lo office space as compensation. Heclaimed the spacious rooms that
W
ith llie conlracl bonds broken, il hecame glaringly apparenl lo the
Speaker's lieutenants lhal Gingrich
was ninning a loose-knii regime vulnerable io
had been reseircd for then-Clerk of the House infighting. Boehner and DeLay not only disDonnald Antlerson. complete wilh antique liked each olher. Ihey had lillle respect for the
job die oilier was doing. DeLay saw Boehnfurniture.
The budgel cut still rankles DeLay, who er as arrogant and inept; Boehner viewed Denotes ihat Gingrich and Anney failed to add Lay as scheming and power hungry.
anything back to his pot of money Ihis year.
But Boehner's run-ins with Gingrich
" I would hope so, bul no, ihey didn't," DeLay emerged as a larger problem for die leadercomplained.
ship team. Boehner. chief communicaiions
But diesedispules faded intolhe background gum during the contract days, disliked Ginduring ihe heady days of ihe contract, as lead- grich's propensity lo shift policy quickly and
ers and slaffers devoted themselves lo usher- articulate oflen conflicling ideas lo Ihe press.
ing ihrough a raft of bills in record lime. This
"1 was supposed to be doing communica100-day etfon brought Gingrich's, Armey's, iions, but everybody was doing communicaand Boehner's staff into a daily alliance, help- tions," Boehner complained.
ing lo forge ties and fomentrivalriesthat would
Tensions belween the two men erupted in
later permeate their bosses' relationships.
mid-Novemher 1995, aflerGingrich vociferArmey's staff would joke lhal Gingrich's ously protested his supposed second-class
shop liked lo "import knowledge, export Ireatmenl aboard Air Force One on ihe way
work." Bul the Iwo offices got along well.
home from slain Israeli Prime Minister
"Il was close lo a unified working relation- Yitzhak Rabin's funeral.
Photo by Chri\lophi>r Mnrlin
Rep. Boehner says of his leadership win:
"Newt did nothing to encourage me."
During a Speaker's Advisory Group meeling — the exclusive gatherings where the lop
live leaders plotted strategy — Biiehner rattled oil a lisl of communicntions pi lonlies. including one suggcsling thai Gingrich slop
complaining ahoul die incidem. Gingnch icmained silem lor a few minulcs licloic lashing oul al Boehner.
By 1I9(S, wiih the campaign to keep ihe
House healing up, ihe rill was over a moie serious mailer: Gingrich privately accused
Boehner of failing lo coordinate an effective
response to organized labor's $35 million assauli on GOP candidalcs. As ihe leadciship's
liaison lo business leaders, Gingrich fell
Boehner should have done more lo rally GOP
supporters lo laisc money lo mn ads couuieiing llie unions.
1
Bin the loudest critic of Boehnei's communications shop was DeLay. Aller complaining in meeting after meeiing ahoul the
lack of a quality plan, DeLay slarled raising
money on his own to finance ads and to hire
an outside public relalions firm lo help with
message development.
"Tom really had his own political operalion," Paxon said of DeLay. "Il's probably ihe
most aggressive political operation besides
the Speaker's operation, then and now,
around Knvn."
Labor's concerted drive lo topple the GOP
Congress, wiih attacks on Gingrich as its centerpiece, ultimately failed. But Republicans
emerged on Nov. 5, 19%, with a mere 10votc majority, the narrowest since 1952. Gingrich had ihe lowest approval ratings of any
poliiician in Ihe country, and inside die
House GOP leadership, he was still angry
wilh Boehner, stripping the Conference
chairman of many communicaiions rcsponsibililies following ihe 1996 eleclions.
Another postscript lo 1996 would become
signilicanl Ihis ye;ir: Pa.xon ended his fouryear reign al die NRCC wilh die majority intact and look a new seat of privilege in the inContinued on page 23
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M o n d a y , October 6,1997 R O L L C A L L Page 2;,
'Saving Speaker' Consumed
Leaders in Crucial Part of '97
Continiii-ri from papr 21
ncr council: Gingrich's hand-picked chainnan
ol the leadership mcelings.
W
ilh ihe GOP majority diminished.
House Republicans abandoned their
pre-election stance of unity. All four
depulies and scores of rank-and-file Republican Members started to complain among
themselves about the Speaker's performance.
By December, Gingrich's ethics violations
began to consume llie media's attention, and
Republicans knew ihey woukl soon have lo
take sides on whether to re-elect Gingrich as
their Speaker.
Special counsel James Cole's investigation
into Gingrich's use of the lax-exempt political
commillee GOPAC, which ultimately forced
Gingrich to agree lo a reprimand and a fine of
$300,000, emplcd jusl before Ihe Christmas
holidays and dragged on Ihrough late January.
"We were all focused as a management team
on savinglheSpeaker," Paxon said. "From November after the election to Febmary, I wasn't
working on virtually anything else."
Paxon headed ihe public relations drive lo
defend die Speaker, toiling for 18- and 20hour days, while Boehner's office also responded lo Members' concerns. Anney, too,
was involved: In addition lo making occasional television appearances on Gingrich's
behalf, Armey lobbied Members privately to
retain the Speaker. For example, when Rep.
Mark Neumann (R-Wis) threatened tooppose
Gingrich and vole for Armey, die Majorily
Leader stepped in and convinced him noi to
do it. Neumann voted "present."
The ethics case consumed leaders for onesixth of the I05lh Congress, Paxon said, prevenling leaders from drafting an agenda for
governing over the next wo years. Even when
Ihey met lo discuss legislation, he recalled, "il
i|iiickly became apparenl lo mosl of us lhal il
was meaningless if Newt lost ihe Speakership."
When Congress convened on Jan. 4, Gingrich did noi have ihe votes to remain Speaker. So Paxon, DeLay. Anney, and Hasten
launched a furious lobbying campaign lo lum
more than a dozen Members' voles.
The leadership's defend-Gingrich team
massaged personal relationships and called in
years-old chits to convince Members like
Reps. Mall Salmon (Ariz), Mark Sanford
(SC), Nancy Johnson (Conn), and Peter Hockstra (Mich) to support the Speaker.
But die public vole of confidence Jan. 7 —
only nine Republicans ended up voting not to
re-elect Gingrich — couldn't mask the fmsIralion flowing Ihrough the GOP Conference.
"We were literally having meetings wilh
leadership staff well toward the April recess
on Newi management, these Newt ediics issues," Paxon said.
T
hings didn'i get ;iny easierforGingrich.
Once he regained his footing from his
ethics fall and started to push an agenda, he stumbled through his firsl months governing with a razor-lhin margin and a popular
Democralic President.
Gingrich'sfirstmajor blunder, according to
his lieutenants, was allowing Transportation
and Infrastnicture Chairman Bud Shuster (Pa)
to bring his funding bill lo ihe floor in May after Anney had painstakingly brokered a deal
with Shusier and Rules Chairman Gerald
Solomon (NY). The move forced Members
lo choose between pork projecls back home
and protecting die budget agreement.
By underculting Armey, Gingrich started to
P/KIKP hv AfuiircfM KealiiiK
DeLay pumped his list on the floor when Gingrich's re-election as Speaker was secured.
"Wc were all focused as a management team on saving the Speaker" Paxon said.
lose the respcci of Paxon as well, who lament- ers that die Majorily Leader didn't talk to Gined lo colleagues lhat the Speaker's slap at grich for weeks.
Anney was adisloyal acl and poor leadership.
Displaying his displeasure for all to see,
Gingrich's already frayed relationships wilh Anney invited 30 lo 40 unhappy Republicans
all four leaders snapped in June, when die to galher in his office lo complain about die
Speaker unilaterally cul a deal widi ihe White leadership. DeLay, Boehner, Paxon, and a
House lo strip oul provisions imporlanl lo Re- growing bloc of conservalives were fed up. too.
publicans from a disaster relief funding bill.
The Speaker's lieutenants wanted Gingrich
Anney had already negotialed a deal wilh to change his ways or slep aside at the end of
Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) ihis Congress. On July 8, the four leaders pui
to shield a Republican amendmenl to outlaw ihefinishingtouches on a plan lo fix die leadfulure governmeni shutdowns. Hasten, widi ership and headed to die Speaker's office for
llie blessing of the oilier leaders, demanded to dinner lo discuss die changes. There was no
include language banning sampling in die lalk of an impending coup.
2000 Census, too.
The next day, however, Boehner lold
But Gingrich abruptly stripped both Anney, Paxon, and DeLay that three rebel
amendmenis, and for the firsl lime in Ihe ma- leaders had approached him and were girding
jorily, his top four leaders opposed him on a for war. They feared it was ioo lale: The recrucial vole. Demanding answers, angry Re- bellion had spun out of control. "The dispublicans called a Conference meeiing to dis- senlers scared us half lo deadi." DeLay recuss Ihe breakdown. Gingrich proceeded lo called, "because if Uiey went lo die lloor, ihey
blame Armey for ihe mess.
were jeopardizing die majorily."
Armey was furious, and his staff lold olhNe.tr.- Life after the coup attempt.
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�PRESERVATION
Page 24 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
Arkansas Road Project's
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Continued from page 1
ihe How of federal highway dollars to his
home stale of Mississippi.
Supporters of ihe Dickey split, however,
have helped their case against Lott by hiring
a key lobbyist: Ann Eppard, Shuster's former
top aide, whose complex relationship wilh ihe
chainnan has generated a complaint pending
wiih the House ethics committee.
Adding to the inuigue is the fact lhat Eppard
says she landed the lobbying contract wilh ihe
help of Randy DeLay, ihe brolher of House
Majority WhipTom DeLay (R-Texas), whose
lobbying has generated a separate ethics complaint, "He was the one who said I may be able
to help on this," Eppard said in an interview.
Eppard is lobbying for die Dickey split on
behalf of Fulbright & Jaworski, a Texas finn
that has retained DeLay on separate issues.
Eppard said lhat DeLay, who did not return a
call seeking comment, is not lobbying directly on behalf of the split.
But disclosurereportsshow that from 1996
Ihrough April of this year, DeLay received
$100,000 for lobbying on behalf of the 1-69
Mid-Conlinent Highway Coalition, which is
lobbying for as many highway dollars as possible for the entire region.
Eppard said it would be "ludicrous" to suggest that Shuster or Dickey, who raised more
ihan $20,000 of his own two weeks ago from
conuibutors who say they stand to gain from
the project, acted because of ihe campaign
contributions.
"Jusl because [people in Pine Bluffl contributed a minimal amount of money lo Shuster and Dickey, they should not be deprived
o f transportation dollars, said Eppard.
Even Ihough the project is a prime slice of
pork, Dickey admils that he is taking a lot of
heal back home for what one local columnist
called a "cockamamie idea." Some local officials have publicly said ihe estimated price tag
of $ 1.5 billion is too high, and they are worried
that by picking a fight with Lott, Dickey has
jeopardized any funding for 1-69 in Arkansas.
The projecl has also received lepid support
from the rest of the Arkansas Congressional
delegation, wilh only Rep. Marion Berry (D)
endorsing il. " I want as many miles for
Arkansas as possible, but 1 don't want lojeopardize Ihe overall projecl," said Sen. Tim
Hulchinson (R).
Part of the reason for the lack of solidarity
among Arkansas Republicans may stem from
the facl dial Ihe Senaior's brother. Rep. Asa
Hutchinson (R), who sits on ihe Transportation panel, was cut oul of the loop.
" I wasn't aware dial (the Dickey split] was
in the bill until I read die draft of BESTEA,"
said Rep. Hutchinson. " I think it's a real compliment to Representative Dickey and his legislative skills ihat he was able to get the provision into die bill."
How Dickey did it is a story of how a road
gets built under the stewardship of Shuster.
Dickey said in an interview that while ihe project was his idea, "Shusier taking a personal
interest in the area is what did i l . "
Dickey conceded lhal die cost of the project is a concern for him, bul he said job creauon will offset the cost. "We want to convert
our welfare recipients into taxpayers," said
Dickey.
Likewise, said Dickey, Shuster has been
motivated by the stories of poverty in the
Delia. "Shu: Lr has been lo my district twice,
he has talked io the folks, and he has heard the
story of Ihe Delta." said Dickey. "He's heard
what we're going lo save by taking people off
welfare, so I think he's responded to that."
But during those trips in I99.'i and 1996.
Shusier also raised money for himself and his
son. Bob Shusier, who lost a bid for a House
seat from Pennsylvania last year. Chairman
Shuster's chief of staff and spokesman did noi
return calls seeking comment.
Federal Election Commission records show
dial Shusier raised some $20,(KX) during his
two irips to Arkansas during the last cycle. Bob
Sinister raised $4,500 from die stale.
Scott McGeorge, who owns the Pine Bluff
Sand & Gravel Co., and his wife each chipped
in $ 1,000 to Bob Shuster last year. McGeorge
and his wife also contributed $ 1,000 each lo
Dickey this year, bul he refused to discuss why
he coniributed to Dickey or a Pennsylvania
candidate.
But in an interview. Dickey volunteered ihe
fact lhai McGeorge helped organize the
fundraising evcnl that raked in more dian
$20,000 for Dickey's campaign. When asked
if McGeorge stands to make money from the
newhighway dirough his sand and gravel business, Dickeyresponded,"Probably — I think
he will. But 1 don't think that's any issue al all."
"I'm not tying it to legislation," Dickey said
of his fundraising.
But another one of the co-chairs of the
fundraising event, George Makris, noted in an
interview thai the new highway will be a big
help to him. Makris is the distributor of Anheuser-Busch beer in the Pi neBluff area. Makris
said he is about to expand and become a wholeside support center, which will enable him lo
carry beer further around ihe state, and the Dickey split will be a big help to his transportation.
"It would do wonders for us," Makris said,
"ll would be a tremendous asset for us."
Lott has helped engineer Ihe proposed expansion of 1-69 from Michigan ihrough Tennessee and on through his home state of Mississippi on the way lo the Mexican border.
Over the summer, nonpartisan engineers
overseen by Ihe Federal Highway AdminisIration decided that part of 1-69 would splil in
northwestern Mississippi and cross die Mississippi Riverintolbeeaslempart of Arkansas,
soulh of Pine Bluff. Sources close to Loll say
he signed off on that decision.
"He made a great compromise lo lei il go to
Arkansas at all," said one source close to Lott.
Bul in die estimation of Lott, according to
sources. Dickey had gotten greedy in die
spring hy rallying support on Capilol Hill for
a second, parallel crossing to die north. The
crossing near Memphis will lake 1-69 into
Arkansas dirough the Pine Bluff urea.
"We all kind of looked at each other and said,
'Impossible, impractical, and loo expensive,'"
recalled one GOP source involved in Ihe negotiations. " I assumed die idea was dead."
Bul Ihen Eppard staned lobbying over die
summer, and die project was very much alive.
The Dickey split wound up in the House
version of BESTEA unveiled by Shuster in
early September. But it was left oul of the Senale version of the bill. Sources close lo Lott
say he has already been approached by Senators representing other slates along the 1-69
corridor w ho want Ihe highway split inlo their
stales, loo.
In a letter to members of the Transportation
panel on Sept. .1, Ihe Mississippi Departmenl
of Transportation estimaled dial llie Dickey
split will cost $1.5 billion and "jeopardize support for funding of Corridor 18."
Loll would noi commeni on his convcrsalions wiili colleagues, bul he did say, " I diink
die Senate version has the mosl attractiveness."
Eppard said she has not lobbied Shusier on
the issue. Eppard said she has met with Lull's
staff, but she realizes lhal Lott is not receptive
lo die split.
" I lold Mr. Dickey that every chance he has,
he should genullect three times," said Eppard.
In order to counler Loll, Dickey has also
claimed lhat die north crossing is needed because llie state needs a tremor-proof bridge lo
guard againsl a possible eai1li(.|uake along die
New Madrid Fault.
"Every day we're closer lo il." Dickey said
of an impending earlhi|iiakc. "We need lo do
someihing."
�_..PHOTQC.OPY
PRESERVATION
Page26 ROLLCALL Monday, October6,1997
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HOH: Once and Future
Chairman Dick Lugar?
Continued from page I
• the Senaie w;ts expected in slay in session
much later. When a roll call vote was called, a
chaotic scene developed. Sources say several
Senators were briefly trapped in the basement
of the Capilol, unable to figure out how to operate the elevators that normally speed them
up lo the second tloor.
The Senators-only elevators cannot he operated simply by pushing buttons like a standard elevator. So 100 Senators were jamming
into the few remaining elevators, which are
very liny. "There's a reason why we have people running those elevators," Casey told
HOH.
"They lefi us |in) the lurch," said Casey of
the operators. " I was furious."
But one inside source said Senaie Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) was less
than thrilled with Casey because he was
nowhere to be found during ihe chaos: The
Sergeanl at Arms was delivering a speech in
Mississippi to the state's hotel and motel association.
Casey said his deputy, Loretta Symms,
was able to diffuse ihe problem, so he has not
heard any further words of displeasure from
Lolt. When asked whether Ihe operators
would be fired, Casey said, "We are taking appropriate action."
Photo by Maureen Keating
Don't tell C-SPAN or Helms, but Lugar
(above) isn't still Foreign Relations chief.
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Mr. Chairman. One can only hope, for the son played herself in an episode that's exsake of peace and harmony in the Senate, lhat pected to air in December.
Foreign Relations Chainnan Jesse Helms (R
Sen. Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY), meanNC) was not channel-surfing on Thursday while, is set to make his film debut in the new
movie "Devil's Advocate," but make sure you
night.
Right there on C-SPAN, smack in the mid- don't blink. D'Amato is shown briefly shakdle of must-see TV, die network was running ing hands with Al Pacino at a party.
a tape of Sen. Richard Lugar (R-Ind) testiBreakfast Anyone? Guess who's going lo
fying before a House subcommittee about
Russian nuclear weapons. Though Helms breakfast tomorrow wiih top officials from
hates listening lo Lugar go on about foreign Triad, the controversial GOP consulting firm?
Hint: It's not Alan Baron, chief Democratic
policy, that wasn't the worst of it.
The network identified Lugar as ihe counsel on the Senate Governmental Affairs
"Chairman" of Foreign Relalions. Lugar ac- Commiitee.
Baron was noi amused when Triad's prestually chairs the Agriculture Committee, but
he has driven Helms crazy by trying to serve ident, Carolyn Malesnick, last week invited
as de facto chainnan of Foreign Relalions
lately.
Lugar swung Ihe gavel at Foreign Relations when the GOP controlled the chamber
from 1981 lo 1987. Helms asserted his seniority to keep the gavel om of Lugar's hands
when the GOP reclaimed the majority in
1994, and the two men have feuded ever
since.
The tension bubbled over during the recent
brawl over ex-Massachusetts Gov. William
Weld's (R) nominadon to he US ambassador
to Mexico, when Lugar tried to usurp reporters to a "delicious" breakfast at the HyHelms's authority to hold. Come lo think of att Regency to "set the record straight."
it, Weld would probably be in Mexico Cily
"Mosl enuties and individuals have done
today if C-SPAN had been conect.
this hy cooperating wilh the committee's investigation by providing documents and lesShining Stars, ll was hard to separate law- iimony about the 'facts on every level,'"
makers from stars in the film and music in- Baron responded in a letter lo Malesnick's aldustries last week.
lomey. "However, Triad, its officials, and its
Firsl, jazz legend Lionel Hampton attorneys have chosen not to cooperate on any
dropped in for a meeiing wilh Senate Major- level."
ity Leader Loll on Tuesday. The 88-ye.ir-old
During a recenl sworn deposition. DemoHamplon was fresh off a sold-oul show al crats gave Malesnick a chance to answer alMadison Sijuare Garden and was said to be legations lhal the linn uses non-profit groups
doing line in ihe wake of the lire that recent- lo illegally steer money lo Republican candily destroyed most of his possessions.
dates, but she refused lo answer substantive
Then Whitney Houston joined Sen. Chris questions.
Dodd (D-Conn) for a press conference ou
So Baron is challenging Malesnick to skip
children's issues on Wednesday. Thai same the scrambled eggs and renim for a deposiday James Cromwell, who is dynamite as the tion wilh investigators at 8 a.m. tomorrow incrooked cop in "L.A. Confidential," pressed slead. "If you agree, and if the Majority posihe case for an arts college on the Pine Ridge es no objection, we would be prepared to make
Indian Reservation with Sen. Tim Johnson the transcripts of those depositions available
(D-SD).
to the media within twenty-four hours," conWith the Senaie out of session on Thursday, cluded Baron.
Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-lexas) flew
Your move, Ms. Malesnick. (Oh yeah, and
home lo tape a guest appearance on "Walker, why wasn't HOH invited for some flapTexas Ranger" with Chuck Norris. Hutchi- jacks'?)
Celeb sightings last week
on the Hill: jazz legend
Lionel Hampton meets
with Lott, Whitney
Houston meets the
press with Dodd.
�--PHOTOCOPY —
PRESERVATION
Page 28 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
CONGRESS INSIDE OUT
By Norman J. Ornstein
Senate Shouldn't Use
Lott Amendment To
Kill Campaign Reform
J t's like a drive-by shooting," Sen.
| GordonSmilh(R-Ore)toldtheWashington Post about the barrage of AFLCIO "issue" ads ihat targeted him in 1996,
"and no one was responsible for them lo whom
1 can respond. Yes, I have strong feelings."
It is hard to blame Smith for those strong
feelings, or his desire to do something about
them. The AFL-CIO was the largest player in
the issue-advocacy game in 1996, spending a
reported $35 million in all on mosdy attack
ads on television, including $ 1 million in Oregon, That was part of an "issue advocacy" explosion of more than $150 million in ads.
Thanks to the Annenberg Public Policy Center, we know these issue-advocacy ads had
more pure attack content than any other type
of ad and less comparison of issue positions;
that nearly 90 percentreferredto a candidate
for office; and that less than a fifth of them directly advocated the sponsor's own positions.
These ads — because they did not explicitly use terms like "vote for," "vote againsC
"elect," or "defeat"—escaped any of the contribution limits or disclosure requirements of
other political ads, including independent-expenditure campaigns. The AFL-CIO ads all
prominendy menuoned the union sponsorship.
If Smith was frustrated because "no one
was responsible" for the attack ads targeting
him, imagine how other candidates felt when
they were mugged by groups like "Cilizens
for Reform," which ran several millions
of dollars of ads targeting Congressional
candidates across (he country, with none of
them having a clue as to who sponsored.
"I
supporting die Lou lynendment. which by a common and common-sense sel of rules.
Mosl Republicans opposed ihe original
would Itirgct and single out union dues as
McCain-Feingold bill. A bill wilh spending
die villain in campaign linancmg.
Smith, along wiih Sens. Olympia limils, a ban on PACs. and slriel curbs on monSnowe i R-Maine), John Chafee (R RI), ey-raising was inevitably going io bring visRichard Lugar (R-Ind), and olher Re- ceral philosophical objections from GOPers.
Bui everyone should be aware lhal ihe bill
publican Senators, should think ihis issue ihrough before ihey lake io the flixir currently on the Senaie lloor has taken out all
and killreform.And make no mistake llie partisan hot bullous dial generated opposiabout it — a vole for die Lolt amend- tion in ihe past ;uid sustained a filibuster. This
is scaled-backreform,still very significant bin
ment is a direct move lo kill refomi.
There is a better way for Smith and designed directly lo reach a bipartisan common
his colleagues, who understandably feel denominator. It hils labor hard — hul il also hits
Ihey have been victimized hy attack ads odiers who have exploited cynical avenues lo
disguised as issue advocacy: kill die manipulate the syslem. It is clearly a step forLott amendmenl and vote for the new ward.bringing small hutreasonable boundaries
back to a syslem lhat lost all of diem in 1996.
McCain-Feingold bill.
They should recognize that this bill is The Loll amendment tries to get at labor
not at all what ihe original McCain-Fein- while leaving all the other groups free to mn
gold bill was. The current McCain-Fein- amok. Bringing other membership organizagold legislation is not sweeping and com- tions into its rubric won't solve the problem
Photo by Laura Patterson prehensive change. Rather, it is targeted — Citizens for Refonn, for example, is not a
and incremental change, designed not to membership organization. Even if the Lott
"It's like a drive-by shooting," said Republichange the world, but to make small and amendmenl is good public policy, it has been
can Sen. Gordon Smith about the labor ads
sensible changes in existing law lo curb clear all along that il would be a killer amendthat targeted him in 1996.
the worst abuses and excesses in the sys- ment tor all Democrats, killing reform.
If it is reasonable public policy, bring it up
tem. It does not harm Republicans more than
bankrolled, or ran "Citizens for Reform."
When I read Smith's reaction to the labor Democrats; it does not need a compensating as a siand-alone measure and let itriseor fall
on its own merits. If you want to add an
ads, I was initially heartened. I assumed lhat amendment to get back at the Democrats.
he must realize that groups have begun to ex- In fact, ihe besl way to curb labor's ex- amendment to gel a more directly Republican
ploit the Supreme Court's definiuon of ex- cesses, including die use of union dues in pol- imprint on ihe bill, add one that increases hardpress advocacy on a massive scale by running itics, is through McCain-Feingold. The use of money limils for contribuiions to parties lo
blatantly political ads lhat areclearly designed labor dues in politics comes overwhelmingly compensate for die loss of soli money.
If Republican Senators like Smith, Snowe,
toadvocatefororagainst (mostly against)can- in two ways — through soft money and
Chafee, Jim Jeffords (Vt), or even freshman
didates for office solely to avoid theralesof dirough issue advocacy.
contnhution limits and disclosure that apply
Ban federal soft money and pui mosl sham Susan Collins (Maine) vote for ihe Loll
to others. Thus, he should be an ardent sup- issue ads close lo an election under the same amendment, Ihey are indicating thai die Reporter of the scaled-down McCain-Feingold rules as other campaign communications, and publican party is not simply opposed to onecampaign reform bill on the Senate floor and you will dramatically change the ability of la- size-tits-all reforms like die original McCainopposed to any obvious efforts to kill the bill. bor to use union dues for political purposes. Al Feingold, but to any reasonable changes to
Wrong. Smith hasapparentlydecidcdthatlhe the same time, the other groups exploiting the make the campaign finance system better. It's
way to gel at labor for its attacks on him is by issue-advocacy loophole will also have lo play as simple as dial.
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ROLL t GALL
�"PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Page 30 ROLL CALL Monday, October 6,1997
Senate Poised to Kill Campaign Refomi This Week
Continued from page 1
close lo die reformers. Collins's decision in
May to sign omo the bipartisan campaign finance refonn bill sponsored hy Sens. John
McCain (R-Ariz) and Russ Feingold (D-WisI
was ballyhooed by refomiers as a critical
hreakdirough for iheir bill.
She is currently one of jusl four Republicans
endorsing ihe measure. McCain and Sens.
Fred Thompson (Tenn land Alien SpecierlPal
are the oiheis. In exchange I'orColhns's sponsorship ol Ihe controversial legislation,
McCain and Feingold agreed to drop a provision of Iheir bill lhal banned PAC money.
And from her perch on Thompson's Govemmcntal Affairs Commillee. which has been
investigating allegations of illegal and improper activities in the 19% election cycle.
Collins has also led the crusade for refomi.
Rul now allies of McCain and Feingold are
worried lhal Collins, a freshman from Bangor
w ho won wiih 49 percent of the vote in 1996.
will yieldtoherRepuhlicanloyallieslhis week
and vole for Lott's amendmenl, which would
place restrictions on union dues spent for political puiposes—a proposal that most reform
advocates have denounced as a "poison pill"
amendmenl created only to kill campaign finance refonn.
Ouiside Ihe Beltway, ihe pressure inlensilied as well w hen llie League of Women Voters, which has endorsed the McCain-Feingold
measure, began running radio ads in Maine
largenng Snowe and Collins.
"We're ically concerned aboul ihe Lou
amendmenl," League of Women Voters presideni Becky Cain.said. "We're hopeful wcwill
be able lo defeat the amendment," and the radio ads, she said, were to "remind the folks in
Maine" lhal iheir.stale has led Ihecounlry by
enaclmg stale-level campaign finance reform.
"'I his week. Maine's Scuatois Snowe and
Collins can take real steps loward meaningful
campaign finance reform." a female an-
Plinlo by Muuieeii Kt-atini;
Maine Sen. Susan Collins (above) and colleague Snowe are at the center of a furious
lobbying effort by reform advocates hoping to win moderate GOP support.
nouncer says in Ihe ads. which are being aired
in what a spokesman for Ihe organization
called a "signilicanl" radio buy.
'There is clearly a core group of moderate
Republicans who would like lo see a refonn
hill." Snowe spokesman Dave Lackey said
late last week, but Lackey said Snowe was
concerned lhat McCain-Feingold as il exists
now wouldn't do the job.
"Wilh 45 Democrals and only four Republicans, McCain-Feingold probably tills more
lo Democrals...which is why she wauls lo promote a compromise," Lackey said.
Bul Snowe, like most Republicans, is slill
insisting lhal she will only consider reform
legislation lhal. like the Lott amendmenl,
deals fairly wiih unions — an idea lo which
mosl Democrals are resisianl.
After watching die AFL-CIO dump mil-
lionsof unregulated dollars inlo the I996elections via issue-advocacy campaigns — including lhat of ihcn-Maine Repuhlican Rep.
Jim Longley. who was defeated hy Democrat
Tom Allen — Snowe believes union political
spending musl be dealt wilh, Lackey said.
Snowe is considering offering a proposal
that would also rec|uire business organizations
and other membership orgaiiizalions like the
Nalional Rille Association and ihe Sierra Club
lo obtain consent from their members before
using dues for poliiical puiposes.
"This is one approach. She's looking al a
variety of things," Lackey said, adding lhal
Snowe is hoping lo come up wilh someihing
that may be "unpalatable hul acceptable" to
Democrals.
However, H is slill unclear w helhcr Snowe
could even olfcr hei legislation, since several
aides noied thai Loll had already "lilled uplhc
amendmenl tree," leaving no room for addilional amendments to his union measure.
Bul Snowe is in a prime position lo negotiate with die Repuhlican Leader. After shewas elected to the Senaie in 1994. Snowe developed close lies to Lotl by helping lo whip
up die moderaie vote for him when he soughi
ihe position of Majority Leader.
The lobbying by pio-relorm groups, meanwhile, wasn't limited lo pulling pressure on
Snowe and Collins
A spokesman for die League of Women
Voicrs said lhal organization is also heavily
lobbying Chafee, Jeffords, and even New
York Sen. Alfonse D'Amato (R). who is expecled lo lace a lough ie-eleciion battle next
fall.
Snowe. Chafee, and Jeffords "are worried
ahoul Ibis. They want lo do die righi lliing," a
GOP aide said.
The refonners ho|ie ihey can convince a
coalition of ihe moderales lo break wilh ihe
GOP leadership, as dicy did earlier Ibis year
in forcing Republicans lo accept a lower
amount of funding for the Thompson investigalion Ihan Ihey had wanted. "The dress rehearsal loi this was the vole on Thompson
funding," one Democralic source said. "Lotl
;uid .Santonim ihi night they had die votes." bm
in the end, moderates insisted on the change
iuid won.
Over the weekend. Common Cause sen! oul
"aclion alerts" in 19 key slates alerting their
members io the impending votes. The group
has also launched a massive phone-bank nperalion in those stales, urging their members
lo get in louch w ilh Senators and tell lliem lo
kill die Lou amendmenl.
On Monday, die group will also tinally deliver to McCain and Feingold ils peliuons to
Congress wilh moie ihan one million siyna
lures dcniandmg an end lo the "corrupt campaign linancc sysieiu."
Wisconsin '98 Race: Reformer Feingold vs. Rebel N
Conlintit'il Irom page I
civascaudlving "liy|n>cri!ical" on the subject
of refonn.
"F.verywhcre I go in Wisconsin, Ihe message is die same — people aie lelling me lhat
Russ f eingold docs noi represent [heir views."
said Neumann, who was joined by slale Sen.
Albeila DarlinglRl. who announced dial she
w ill noi be vying lor the Senaie, leaving Neumann a clear shot lo the GOP nominalion.
"Russ Feingold has abandoned llie good
folks of Wisconsin and sided instead wiih his
liberal, elinsl friends in die Hast Coasi ivory
lowers," declared Neumann.
Bul Feingold — who has nudured his own
maverick image on the.subject of campaign l i nanee refonn — was hardly on the defensive.
"While Mark Neumann focuses his
primaiy allemion on his liflh race for Congress in six years, Senaior Feingold will conlinue lo do an excellent job, on a bipartisan
basis, of ulenlilying and culling governmeni
waste, reforming die broken campaign f i nance laws. and. mosl importanl, making sure
lhat Ihe federal budget is balanced." said Feingold spokesman Mike Wiiienwyler.
Winenwylei also made an ovenure lo ihe
pro-choice Republican voters who would have
hacked Darling's candidacy. "There is room
for vou in our campaign." said Wiiienwyler.
Neumann's decision lo mn makes him die
seventh 1 louse Member io seek lo move lo ihe
Senaie ihis cycle. One other class of 1994
maverick, sophomore Rep. Linda Smith (RWashl has declared dial she will lake on Sen.
Pally Murray ID).
Rep. Mark Souder (R Ind) said lhat House
rebels are concerned aboul losing one of their
mosl outspoken Memliers, and are already
searching for a new' slaiidard-bc;irer on hudgel
issues, possibly Rep. Mark Sanford (R-SC).
"Having somebody wiih a singular purpose
on budgel issues ..lias been a ueinendous
boost to us." said Souder "We don'l have loo
many polilicians in Washington who actually
dream and lell jokes and love numbers as
much as Mark Neuinann."
And. said Souder, die group has all eady had
discussions with Neumann ahoul working "in
landem" with lliem on fiscal mailers in die
Senaie. "Il's noi a i|iieslion of where he's going lo do il, il's a queslion of which body he
sils in," Somler said.
Bin Neumann's rebel slalus already has
Democrals qucsiioning whelher he will gel
die financial backing from GOP leaders necessary lo mount an effective Senalecampaign.
"1 don't think he'll gel the suppon he'd like
lo receive because of his anuigonistic ways in
dealing wilh the Republican leadership," said
Democralic Senatorial Campaign Commillee
spokesman Michael Tucker.
But Nalional Republican Senatorial Commillee' extvmive director .Steven Law said dial
rebel or no rebel, Neumann would have llie
NRSC's full support. "We arc optimistic dial
Neumann can pui together a highly coni|ielilive
campaign. Assuming thai nialerializcs, wc will
Iv tlieic for hi m in every way we can," Law said.
And most experts agree that Neumann's independent sneak — which emerged when he
was booted off the Approprialions nalional security subcommittee as a freshman and was
scaled hy his "present" vote ihis year for ihe
re-election of Gingrich as Speaker — will
work io his poliiical advantage in a stale like
Wisconsin, which gave birth lo such political
anomalies as the Progressive Movement and
Sen. Joe McCarthy (R).
"Il's Ins maverick sense that crcaies die
persona of Mark Neumann and makes him
as popular as he is," said slale GOP politi-
cal diieclot Brian Nemoir. "He's an icon."
Bul Tern Spring, ihe chainvom.m of ihe
Wisconsin Democralic party, said Wisconsin
voicrs do not idcniify Neumann as an icon or
anyihing else. " I don'l know if people have
any jx-rceplion of Mark Neuinann at ihis
point," said Spring. " I don'l think he's well
known ouiside of his area."
"There's no one issue thai he's associated
wiih. If [voiers| know him as anyihing. u's as
a perix-lual eandidale," added Spring, referring lo the fact lhat Neumann ran for the House
twice before succeeding lor die first lime in
1994, and has never won his soulheasiern Wisconsin-based I si seat with more than 51
percent of die vole.
Neumann, a fonner math teacher and millionaire founder of a home-building company, will face an uphill baltle againsl Feingold,
a first-term Senator who ousted Bob Kaslen
(R) in 1992 wiih 53 percenl of die vote.
Bul ihere are some signs dial Fcingold's
support may noi be as solid as mighl have been
expecled, given his high-profile role on ihe
campaign finance refonn issue.
A Public Opinion Slraicgics poll laken for
Neumann al the beginning of July showed die
Senaior under 50 percent, taking 40 percenl
of respondents' support compared with 30
percenl for Neumann.
And even Feingold has admilled lhat die
highly publicized campaign, which Neumann
supported, lo force a recall election over his
vote againsl die ban on partial-birth abortion
has done him some damage.
Neumann said in an imerview that he
planned to make partial-birth abortion one of
die ma jor themes of his campaign, along with
the 1993 lax increase, the balanced budget,
and the 1997 lax cut.
But Democrats contend that Feingold is a
poliiician of principle who will reap the icwards of his nalional .stance, or al leas! nalional name iccognilion, on the campaign Itnance relonii issue.
"Our ownresearchshows lhat he has very
high la\orable.s due ic diis sirong push loivlonn
Ihe campaign linanee syslem lhal we now operaie. undci." said DSCC simkcsmanTucker
"Anytime people read or heai or see anyihing ..they heai Feingold. McCain I eingold.
All die publicity has done a good deal lo sel
lum apart as a icformcr." said Tucker
Bui il is unclear whether the rclonner manlie, or die campaign finance icform manira,
will drive voicrs lo die polls nexl Novembei.
Despite the daily debale on ihe subjeci in
Washingion, the push for reform of the system does not yet seem lo be striking a chord
wiih beyond-the-Beliway voicrs.
" I hear lhal much more from ihe media Ihan
the folks in Wisconsin," said Neumann.
Bm Democrats argue dial as die debate becomes more serious iu Wasliington. the issue
is beginning io pick up steam with die elecloraie.
And wliclhcror noi McCain-Feingold. or
any lyjv of campaign finance refonn is cnacted. Feingold has said he plans lo apply
some of Ihe piovisionsol'his legislation lohis
campaign, including raising Ml peivcnl of his
funds fiom w ilhin Wisconsin and raising no
more ihan JO percenl of his money I rom PACs
Bul his campaign finance reform zeal has
not yet hu the Democrat where il hurts: As of
the June 30 filing deadline, Feingold had
$757,000 in Ihe hank, compared wilh
$227,(XK) for Neumann.
"It's hard lo lead the chaigc on campaign
linanee refonn while al die same nine you're
raising hundreds of ihousands of dollars."said
Neumann.
�PRESERVATION
r Jl
11
CHINA'S IMPERIAL TREASURES
f i j l Caught in standoff between Taiwan and mainland
E CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
j
ienn. i address: www.csmoiiitor.coni
BOSTON - FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1 2 , 1 9 9 7
LABOR DISCORD
Opera
Singed
By Success
By S a m Walker
Slaff writer (.1 rue Cnnstian Science Momlor
CHICAGO
I
N iwo weeks, the Chicago
Lyric Opera is scbetluled
to open its season with'
Giuseppe Verdi's "Nabucco"
- and its tales of war, slavery,
treason,
bloodlust,
blasphemy, megalomania, and
forbidden love affairs that
end miserably.
But in a draninlic stroke,
worthy of operatic woe, Ihe
performance almosl. fell victim opera's own sliuming
success, not just in Chicago
but across tbe eoimlry.
The Lyric's 75 orchestra
musicians had tlnoatened to
strike over a pay dispute. The
walkout could have scuttled
' not -fiisf'- the' opening performance bul the entire. '24-
'/•
New Limits Near on Money in Politics
does Ihe p i l h l i r seem oulraged
pushed hard lo usher big donors
enough in pimMi poliiieians al Ihe
inlo the Oval Office.
balloi bos who don I back reform.
'Tin increasingly confident that
Thai call uhis may now be
soiuelhing is going lo happen."
changing. One reason is lhat Mr.
said Sen. Russell Feingold ( I I I of
Clinion on Wednesday \o\vcd lo
Wisconsin, a sponsor ol rampaign
By Peter Grier
Slair '.•.•iiiei -if Tno Ci'nsimii Science MONHO'
wage a public lighl for passage ol
linanee legislation, al a Monitor
a campaign lliianee law. Much
broakfasl. "1 Ihink il is going lo
WASHINGTON
skepticism greeted Ihis pledge ROSPECTS for reform of Wasbinglon's happen I bis year."
aller all. I Imlou has indicnlcd a
campaign money mess have improved
For months. Capilol convensiiuilar position in the past, yel
considerably in recent days.
lional wisdom has held lhal. all t.he
coiiliiiues to rake in millions al
Louder ihelorical support from Presideni city's lalk about cleaning up eambigdiucks lund-iaisers.
Clinton - plus a new focus on incrcinenlal paign finnnco is a lot of sound and HAROLD ICKES: Will
To Ihis poinl. he's done lillle
fixes - has revived a change efforl Ihnt long fury signifying an inlent lo do llie f u n n e l ]\l,ite
bul lalk aboul Ins suppori fin llie
seemed to be going nowhere.
noihing. Too many iniunibeiils. h l u n s r i l i i l e / r s / / / / / . '
main reform vehicle, broad camSenate healings on liiumee abuses haven't lobbyisis, and big donors are comhurt, either. This week, among oilier things, fortable with a syslem Ihey undersiand, goes paign fin ance legislation sponsored by Sens,
they've fonlured Ihe unedifying spectacle of a the Ihcory. The public doesn'l like Ihe way Feingold and .lohn McCain ( ly) ol Arizona.
.Se," R E F O R M / ' I I / C 'J
top Democratic party official admitting he tuoney Hows Ihrough I IS poluies - bin neither
• Revelations in Senate probe,
plus push from Clinton, boost
chance to control 'soft money.'
P
ewish Roots
Deepen Role
For Albright
Indy Restores
White River
To Revive City
By l l e n e R. P r u s l i e r
Snccol to llie cncblii'i" Science Mnnitni
1ERUSALEM
> >• . « < • Indianapolis, growing faster
£
American culture is
becoming more like
opera. Generations
weaned on MTV now
find opera appealing.
week season.
The two sides agreed kite
Wednesday on a new contract, terms of which were
not disclosed.
For opera fans, it was a
frustrating
moment.
Chirago's Lyric Opera has
emerged in recenl years as
an internationally celebrated
symbol of high artistry and
solid mauagemonl.
And although both sides
agreed that musician.s deserve a pay raise, they disagreed sharply over ils size.
By all accounts, a strike
could
have
pcrmanenlly
damaged the Lyric's repulation and its audience base.
But most observers believe
the conflict also presents a
silver lining for fans:
None of this would have
happened if opera's appeal
had not hit a high note.
"When you have a successful company Ihal's selling 102 percent of its tickets,
the
likelihood
is
that
Sec OPERA Paije 9
75c
W
than Chicago, emerges as
marquee Midwest metropolis.
By A n n S c o t t Tyson
Siall wmer ol the Chnslinn Science Momloi
INDIANAPOLIS
F
^ROM a gracefully renovated bridge on
ihe White River, a swnlh of green
sweeps like a carpel lo Ihe doorstep
of dowTilown Indianapolis, lending unexpecled grandeui' lo a cily once disparaged as
•India-No-Place."
The impressive vista of river and parkland flowing toward silver domes and skyscrapers is surprising, even lo natives.
"We're in amazement that this is all here,"
says residenl Nancy .Juigeii as she pushes
her I ti-monih-old son, ,Iake, in a stroller
over Ihe broad new pedestrian bridge.
The metamorphosis of indusl.rial waste
canals into glistening stretches of waterfront
is part of Indianapolis's long-soiighl transformation. This Corn Bell capital known as
"Nap Town" is emerging from Midwesl
anonymity inlo a vibrant, maniiiee metropolis. It already boasts a population larger than
lhal of San Francisco. Boston, or WashingIon. Now il. seeks an image to match.
That's umbilious - especially for a city
that in Ihe 1970s had no image al all, according to a national survey.
"[Chamber of commerce officials) asked
people aboul Iheir perception of Indianapolis, ami they just found nothing." says .lames
Grass of the Indianapolis Projecl, which promoles the city. "The only thing people knew
was lhat Ihere was some soil, of jauto] race
here. That was when the city realized it had
a serious image problem.''
See INDIANAPOLIS Prir/e 4
^••'.vl:
./tf
HEN Madeleine Mbrighl
arrived in town tins week
for her lirsl visil as Secreiary of Slale. Middle F.ast leaders weren't Ihe only
s eager to
sit down ami gel acniiainlod.
Others were nilerosted in
meeting her on a more personal
level - people like Haim Kiirbcf
her cousin who lives on a kibbulz
a lew hours north of .lei iisalem,
and whom she- never knew.
Hut rolalives and old friends
Albright, in Israel, calls for
end lo 'crisis of confidence.'
STORY, PAGE 7
who fled Ms. Albrighl's native
Czecboslovnkia for Israel were
not. included in the secretary's
diploiualii peace inission.
"I Ihink she wants lo keep her
private life out of Ihe visil as
niiich as possible and keep focused on peace process," said an
Albright aide before her visit to Israel's museum memorializing the'
Holocaust, which killed three of
Albright's grandparents.
Bul in Ihe public eye. Albrighl's newfound knowledge of
her Jewish ancestry - muled in
her parcnis' generation as a way
lo escape pcrseeulion in Europe keeps resm facing as she grapples
wilh Ihe focus ol US foreign policy: the Arab-.(ewish conflicl.
Sir ALBRIGHT Pai/e 7
1
Kayaking the Connecticut
New England's longest river is a
top contender for a new, national
river-cleaning project, PAGE 4.
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
THE
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE M O N I T O R
Friday. N r p t r l l l l n - l
l l i . IIMI,
UNITED STATES
'Values' Training: Cure
Race-Baiting For Army Harassment?
Politicians Shun
As Cities Grow More Diverse
• Reports call f o r ethics classes i n boot camp
and tighter screening o f d r i l l sergeants.
By Jonathan S. Landay
• Focus on i m m i g r a n t
concerns boosts A l
Sharpton's showing i n
New York primary.
look Ihe feds lo coun.
of economics at NYU here.
"Immigration is crucial to
The
Hispanic community,
inaintaining New York City's posi- which accounts for 27 percent of
tion as Ihe capital of the world the population, has become a
and is essenlial lo ils continued powerful force in city politics. Us
success," said Ihe mayor, in re- lop issues are law and order, eduleasing a .January report showing cation, and immigration. Polls
By Alexandra Marks
Slatl wrnor nfThc Cnrishan Science Monilnr
immigration here hail jumped 32 show ahoul half Ihe communily
supports the mayor.
NEW YORK percent from 1990 to 1994.
HEN llie Rev. .Ad SharpNonetheless, Sharp!on charges
"We are a middle-of-the-road
Inn upended Ihe New- thai Giuliani is "hopelessly oul of force, so nobody can lake us for
York politieal eslablish- touch" wilh the city's minority grunted on either side," says Luis
nienl. Ihis week by forcing Demo- and new ethnic comnumifies. As Miranda, presideni of the Hiscratic front-runner Ruth Messen- proof, be repeatedly hit on the panic Federation, an umbrella orger inlo a run off. be unearthed a theme of police brutality against ganization of more than 00 health
KATMY W I L l t N S . ' A I new truth about New York: It's
not the city it once was.
In fact, it's changing so fast
that by 2000 ;LS many as -10 percent of inhabilanls here m i l be
foreign-born. Whiles already account, for less Ihan half the city's
populalion. Hispanics outnumber
blacks, and Ilu; Asian-American
community is growing so rapidly
that il's soon expected to account
for 10 percent, of the population.
From Miami to Chicago fo Los
Angeles. US cities are rapidly
growing more diverse. As Ihe
most recenl wave tif immigrants
begin to flex their political muscle, the impact is being fell al Ihe
ballot box. The result-. Urban politics isn't simply black and while
anymore. Race-baiting is out; inclusion is in.
In New York, Ihe lackluster Democralic primary inspired only a
A DAA' M A U f l / A P
15 percenl tiinioni. Bin pundits LOOKING TO SEPT. 2 3 :
credit Mr. Sharpton's showing to The Iter. MSInu iilini
his passionate identification wilh (tihnre), trimJnci'S
Abner Louinia, the Haitian immi- Ruth Messhiiier in a
grant who was allegedly brutal- nnin(l 11 tlaiis Irotn
ized by police last month in a noti: u us u i (idift-sholv
ttnt'sl Wi'din'sihni. Tin'
Brooklyn precinct house.
"Abuse of Abner Louinia res- In'o are I'tiinti In lake
onated throughout other coninui- an Mai/in Riiiiuliih
nitics," says Mitchell Moss of Ihe Giiilinni in the fall.
New York University Urban Research Center. "Thai was llie basis the disenfranchised. But. he also and social-service groups.
He says "Latinos went to
for about half of Sharpton's vote." hacked away from some of the
The controversial preacher more racially charged rhetoric sleep" after Bronx borough preswon :i2 percent of Ihe vole, forc- lhal marked his earlier cam- ident Freddie Ferrar pulled out. of
ing a runoff eleclion on Sept. 2:1 paigns. His message this time was the Democratic primary. No one
else really worked lo mobilize the
againsl Manhattan borough pres- one of inclusion.
ident Ruth Messinger, who fed
"No matter what happens community, Mr. Miranda says.
just short of Ihe 10 percent she now." Sharpton said Wednesday,
Asian-Americans have also
needed. The winner wdl face Ihe "they have lo deal with the fact, supported Giuliani overwhelmformidable incumbent Rudolph that we are a permanent political ingly in the past, and lhat support
Giuliani in November.
force. Wc can't be dismissed."
seems solid going into Ihe fall.
Polls show the mayor would
Few political experts expect
But Margaret Fung of Ihe
handily defeat any challenger. Ihe Louinia ease to he a deciding Asian American Legal Defense
He's got a dramatic drop in crime factor in the general election. and Educalion Fund says no one
and a big boom on Wall Streel While one of Ihe police officers should take rheir voles for
feeding his inonientum. But the reportedly said, "This is Giuliani grunled. In 1994, dll percenl of
fonner prosecutor has also time," as he tortured Mr. Louima, Asian-Americans here were lirslworked hard lo portray himself as many here agree that Ihe mayor lime voters, and half of those
Ihe chnnipion of immigrants.
responded lo Ihe crisis forcefully. were naturalized during Ihe previHis mono is 'one cily, one
"It may have had more reper- ous two years. "It's clear that peostandard." When the federal gov- cussions if the mayor didn'i han- ple who come here waul Io slayernment took away some benefits dle it as forlhrightly as he did," here, and want lo have a say in
of legal immigranls, Mr. Giuliani says Emanuel Tobier, a professor what happens here," she says.
W
h IT;
0 Sr
Stall wntei ul Ine cnnsti.Hri Science Monitor
WASHINGTON
T
HE Army leadership is struggling lo deal with a sexual harassment problem that suipriseii lop brass wilh ils exlenl
and has Ihrealened the service's relalions with Congress
and ils very image in llie eyes of the American public.
Repoits released yesterday conclude soinething that news reports have long indicated:
Sexual iniscondncl
the
H H H ^ H H H H ^ H H H
Army is widespread, and
commanders have failed lo You have to have
respond effectively to com- something more than
plaints of harassment.
,
. .
,
Yel altering a tleep-seated v a l u e s t r a i n i n g .
military culture is a difficult
- Nancy Duff Campbell,
business. Among report recwomen's law center
ommendalions:
Closer
screening of drill sergeanl
^SBBBBBBBBBBBBtBM
candidalcs, as many of the alleged incidents look place during basic (raining. 'I he brass is also
moving lo exert more control over the I raining atmosphere by establishing a three-star general post that will oversee these crucial
introduclory weeks.
"I think Ibis is the least llash.y, but most imporlanl reform, because you will no longer have these lillle |lraining| empires oul
Ihere." says just-Rel. Army Ll.. Col. Tom Wall, who coinmanded a
training battalion al Fort. Jackson in Columbia, S.C.
Defense Secretary William Cohen ordered Ore reports ainirt a
series of sexual miscondiicl seanduls thai began last Noveiuhor
at llie Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds, in Maryland, where female trainees leveled miscondiicl charges againsl drill sergeanls.
The scandals ignited a nationwide debate on sexual misconduct in Ihe military and prompted some in Congress lo call fur
an end lo gender-integrated training.
In addition to finding widespread sexual inisconduct, Ihe reports higldigbl Haws in Ihe selection of drill sergeanls, saying
Ihere is insiifficienl screening of disciplinary records and a lack
of rigorous psychological testing.
"ll should have been that way all the lime." says Mr. Wall of
Ihe call for .screening drill sergeanls. "We just got lazy."
Ol her findings of the reports include a lack of widespread commitmenl within llie Army to its Equal Oppnnmuly Program and
"dislrusl" among soldiers of (be system Ihrough which sexual harassment complaints are handled.
Policies against sexual misconduct are selectively enforced by
chains of command, and commander's inattention to troops prevent them from aecuralely assessing adherence to those policies,
the reports found.
Reaction to Ihe plan has been mixed. Jane Hanuan (D) of California, a member of the I louse National Securily Committee, says
the new recommendations "may well change llie face of Ihe
Army." She lauds the fact that Ihe values training will "start before a recruit is sworn in and will continue ILS a soldier rises
Ihrough the ranks." She cautions, however, lhat a key to success
will he in how well ihe Army carries out Ihe new regimen.
Nancy Duff Campbell, president of Ihe National Women's Law
Center in Washington, argues far more is needed Ihan sensitivity
training.
"You have lo have someihing more Ihan values training," she
says. "You've gol lo know il's wrong lo discriininale." She says
new recruits know what harassment is. The problem is "Ihey don'l
have any confidence lhal Iheir leadership lakes il seriously and
that Ihe complaint system will work if Ihey make a complaint.."
Elaine Donnelly of ihe Outer fur Military Preparedness, a conservative think lank, crilicizes llie reports for mil addressing the
problem of inappropiiale fraternization between senior and subordinate officers. "Al the Aberdeen hearings there was a lot of lesl inionv aboul female soldiers seeking special favors by giving sexual favors," says Ms. Donnelly.
• Dtteiil Muni? anil slajt rer/'/or.s A l f i t t n t h t t Maths ami
Laii'ieiice J. (iixitlrich eanli iltttU'il In Ihis rr/ior/.
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Kiiclny. ScptemlxT 12. 1997
T H E CHRISTIAN SCIENCE M O N I T O R
Indianapolis: More
Than a Racetrack
WHITE RIVER
WATERFRONT: Tamora
Zahn, president of
I niliiuttiif
ills
Jlntriilnil
imii,,;i
In,
Hilmii
nml
ll III, .. Ims
leiv/.iji
ii'i icnlinn
niHihiiiiiiiiiiius
I N D I A N A P O L I S from Page 1
trauh ul' the school of public am!
cnviiniiiiiental affairs al Indiana
Riick Ihen. Ilu. aty's nrkm University in Indianapolis.
fore
als(t on tlu sUiiis. Relnil
One of ihose talents, William
shut's and lactorios were shulliny Hiidiiul. Iieeame mayor in 1971)
down nc mo\in^ nut. Tlie Wliirc and pledged to pui Indianapolis
River and its canals were little on the map. Over an unpieceninre Ihan polluted ditches dented lli-year lenure, Mayor
hemnied in Ity concrete llund- Hiidnul aggressively hawked Ihe
walls. nowntouii was dull. "Why city as a corporale-friendly sports
would you ^n dnwufown? There capital. He helped secure profeswas nnt.hing tn do,"
sional and amaleur
says
Indianapolis
sports learns, landed
homemaker
I"tessa
the Pan American
Crane, roealling an
games in 1987, and
altitude
common
even inarched as a
amon^ residents.
leprechaun in Ihe St.
Patrick's Day paTho catalyst for
rade.
change
can
he
traced tn If)70 when
Following an inIndianapolis merged
flux of more tluin t ; l
with
surrounding
hillion in pi i Ul a and
Marion County. By
private investment,
Third in a series
greatly
increasing
downtown
Indithe populalion base, the merger anapolis is now taking some
drew new political talent to tlie checkered flags. Several mullicity. "It created a pool of ver y vi- niillion-dollar sports arenas and
brant people who could dream convention centers have sprung
bigger dreams," says Mark Rosen- up. Corporations have moved
Iheir headquarters here. As a result, from 1980 to 1990 local
. THE
growth in jobs and population
I-^ CHRISTIAN
outpaced (hat of Chicago, CleveSCIENCE
land, and other nearby cities.
' MONITOR
Today, flowntown office space
is ei\joyiiig its highest occupancy
An
hitctittttional
rale in eight years: new homes are
Ditily
Nctrspuprr
cropping up downtown at Iheir
K n u m M in l!MIS
liy M;ir\ Mnkor Kil.ly
fastest pace in a decade; and uneinploymenl is below :J percent.
(ISSN 0382 7729) (ISSN 0 ^ 6 531X WQIId Edition)
Attendanee al sporting evenis,
Publisiied doily- e.cepi Solutday? Sundays, nnd
liclidayj by The O ^ f i a n Soence Publiihmg Sooety.
museunis. theaters and other atOre Norway Sneet Boston., W*, USA, 0? H 5 An
traclions is hilling record highs. A
OCtiviiy ol Ihe Fust Church of Christ Soeniiy. in
giant, Si:!19-niillioii mall and enBono". Mnssochusetis. Maicat Pt'oisitados.
tertainment
complex
opened
Registered as a newspapei ot tlie Posi Ofdce
downiown in 1995 and is drawing
Periodicals postage paid ai Bosior. MA, and at
12 million people a year.
additiunal
niQilmg ottices
ComnninO'i
Pnnlone
tio
[Frnni.el 3 1 25 USA Revenue Cn'icido G S I
"We even have some reverse
nlnini
Ilu: i ihi i iiniih
u cl c nm c lillle
1
tin,n
firei/s-
urn
jiolhilcl
Ilmi
nunc
ililchcs
j
llCIUIIICll
in
h i / , "III
CCIC
mills.
commuters who live downtown
anil work in the suburbs," says
Tamara Zahn of Indianapolis
Downtown Inc., a public-private
partnership.
A vital, nal ural link belween
these downtown al trad ions and
residential neigliborhoods and
parks is Ihe eily's long-neglected
waterways, which have been rediscovered.
Since the early 1900s, the
slow-moving While River and its
canal, hidden by levees and the
backsides of buildings, served as
lillle more Ihan conduits for
sewage and indnslrial waste. According to police, "Ihe only thing
Ihe canal was good for was finding bodies," recalls John Kish
head of Ihe While River Stale
Park Developinenl Commission.
N
OW, a short walk from the
center of downtown, the
White River State Park is a
hub of urban recreation. Il's
home to llie hulianapolis Zoo, a
new ballpark, an IMAX :i-D theater, and the Kileljorg Museum of
American Indians, which will host
the Midwest's largesi chili cookoff later Ihis monlh. All awardwinning, half-mile-long promenade of Indiana limestone runs
along the river's upper bank.
Rebuilt sections of Ihe canal
wind from Ihe river Ihrough city
plazas and past popular
new condominiums, offering rare walerfronl
Facts
for Indy's landlocked
Population:
817,525
residents. "This proPopulation growth rate (1990-1997):
2.6%
vides downtown with
Median income.
$32,985
recrealion lhal il didn'i.
,: Median home price:
S91,000
have before," says Dan
Clark, a contractor, as 'vi Major ethnic groups:
he in-line skates with
White
77.1%
his wile and five chilHispanic 21.2%
Black
1.1%
dren beside the canal.
Despile Indy's clear
Factoids
successes,
however,
Crossed by more segments of interstate
critics note thai Ihe
highways than any other US city.
city's emphasis on
image-buikling
and
World's largest children's museum.
downiown
megaproLargest Kiwanis Club in the world.
jects ha.s lefl few resources lo combat
Site of Elvis's lost concert.
creeping
blight
in
inner-ring
neighborhoods.
"Neighborhoods have siiffei-ed," says M r. ring out is deterioralod."
Olgen Williams of Ihe Woslsidc
Roscnlraub. "We have ... all Ihe
things you see in cilies where llie rooperative Oiganizalion, says
economically
depressed
focus is more on downiown and his
the suburbs Ihan on the aging neighborhood has better streets
and comniunily policing, new emcommunities."
Recognizing these problems, ployers, and a heallh clinic now.
Slill, other districts have sufMayor Sieve Coldsmilh launched
a $500 million program lo large! fered what Mayor Goldsmith calls
Ihe eily's mosl neglecled neigh- "a string of failures." A new niulliborhooils after replacing Iludniit inillion grocery slore in norlliin 1992. " I made an effort to easlern Indianapolis, for examgreatly change the priorities," he ple, folded aller jusl a lew
says. "A strong downiown core months. "We are starling over
doesn'l help much when the next ihere." (loldsmith says.
Inside Indianapolis
fipyislial-o-i Number I I d * 16-136
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WASHINGTON
B
ORROWING from the fence-painting
genius of Tom Sawyer, President Clinton is striving to convince Americans that
the hard work of cleaning up polluted rivers
is fun.
Moreover, his new river cleanup program, unveiled yesterday, is designed to
bring long-time adversaries together.
Critics say the program may not do much
to lessen pollution. But already, those who
want their local waterway to become one of
10 "heritage rivers" are building coalitions
of emiroiimentalists, developers, and riverfronl induslries to compete for a slot.
"I never thought I'd sit across the lable
from some of the people I've been working
with," says Patty Pendergast of the Nalional
Audubon Society in Old Lyme, Conn., who
hopes to help win "heritage" status for New
England's Connecticut. River.
The program comes 25 years after Congress enacted I he Clean Water Act. The CWA
drew its impetus from public outrage after
Ihe Cuyahoga River iu Ohio, burbling wilh
industrial pollutants, caught fire in 1969. At
that lime, more Ihan two-thirds of fhe nation's rivers were loo polluted for fishing
and swimming.
Since then, America's rivers have become
cleaner. Water-quality experts say a third of
the rivers are now polluted. For them and
olher environmeiilalisls, reaiilhorizalion of
llie CWA by the current Congress remains
the overriding focus. They are pushing for
enforceable national standards to conlrol
runoff from agriculture and farm feedlols,
and lighter regulations to protect wetlands.
"Our rivers are far heallhier and cleaner
than Ihey were. They don't, catch fire. They
don't run blue with toxic dyes." say-s Tom
Cassidy, a lawyer lor Ainerican Rivers, an advocacy group based in Washington. "But we
still have industrial pollution."
The president's initial ive is far narrower
in scope, lis intent is not only lo improve
water quality, but also lo link llie cleanup lo
economic revitalizalion and hisloric preservation along a river's banks.
A few groups in the country have already
achieved a measure of success following
such a model. The Connecticut River, for example, has become llie site for festivals,
trialhlons, and riverside commerce in recent
years. The activity is attracting waterfronl
development and pumping millions of dollars into the economy of Hartford, Conn.
Croups in the area tapped already-available
resources from several federal agencies.
"It's been hard for people lo gel their
mind around the concept," says Ms. Hendergasl, who slood next lo Mr. Clinton during
yesterday's announcement. "They |federal
agencies] aren'l going lo come and lell you
how lo do things. They are coming to help."
The program includes no new spending
bul uses federal aid Hint's already available.
Winners will be announced in .lamiary.
- Skip Thurmon
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Friclay. Kopicmlii'i- 12. l!l!)7
THE
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE M O N I T O R
Christian Right Charts New
Course - Will Activists Stay?
By Christina Nifong
white Proieslant. group.
Many expect those efforts at broadATLANTA ening Ihe Christian righfs influence
HEN the Christian Coalition and membership will continue. In
gal hers Ihis woekonrl tor ils June, when Ihe new presideni and exannual cont'mjnce, Ralph ecutive director were named lo replace
Ueoil, the boyish-looking ilarling of Ihe Reed, the Chrislian Coalition also anChristian right, will address the nounced plans lo double in size and inmasses as he ha.s at. each of
lluence.
Ihe powerful organization's !.....'.But expanding brings
Jn - \ |
previous five meetings.
^ ils own set of problems,
|= coalition watchers say. "If
But this year, instead of
the coalition's going to bespeaking ahoul. the coalicome more inclusive, it's
tion's fulure, Mr. Reed will
|| going to have lo downplay
say farewell - ushering in
some of ihe things it
an era of uncertainly for a
stands for. And ihal's
group he look over in ils in? going lo alienate some,''
fancy and transformed into
5 says Mr. Green.
a major political player
during his eight-year leadership.
New shift?
"The organization's def- RALPH REED: list iu ,1
Last moiilh's press coninitely al a crossroads," CiKtlitinn
hrrtnnt'
ference also may signal a
says .lohn Green, a scholar iHdjur pnlilintl
jtlni/rr
shift away from politics
al the University of Akron iiiiri)l<i his lt:tt<lcisltil>. and loward the religious,
in Ohio who follows Ihe reexperts say. New presideni
ligious right.
Don Hodel - a former Reagan Cabinet,
Since Ihe Republicans swept into member - announced lhal Ihe coalithe majorily in Congress in I9!M, the lion's No. I priority was to get a law
coalition has done a remarkable job of passed that would make sure countries
putting ils stamp on Congress's that persecuted Christians were moniagenda. Indeed, Ihe coalition counts tored and punished.
Ihe balanced-budget deal and the fam"A lot will depend on how they purily tax credit - both approved by Con- sue that issue," Green says. "We'll have
gress this summer - among its legisla- Io see if this is just an ordinary issue
tive successes.
of foreign policy for (the coalition] or
But in recenl years, some members if this will be an issue lhal Ihey pursue
have grown disillusioned by Ihe with unusual fervency."
group's inability to reach
Many, though, say it's
It » •" H || i
ils final goals on the core
f too early to divine too
issues of school prayer and
£ much about any new direcabortion. And as the new
8 tion for Ihe Christian
leadership takes control,
I Coalition. Monitors of Ihe
observers ask if it will be
religious right say Ihe
able lo keep Ihe coalition's
group is. in a rebuilding
grass-roots activists acl ive.
stage and clear indications
of a changed coalition may
"The
question
is
not appear until the 21100
whelher
the
Christian
political campaigns get
Coalition's influence is
under way.
going to gel bigger or
smaller uiuler Iheir new
Tlie fact lhat this year's •
leadership," says Joe Conn DON MODEL: Ncir
convention is being held in
at Americans United for the prrsirfrtil
inis
Atlanta instead of WashSeparation of Church and
ington provides some eviSlate, a civil liberties group (ulniiiiisl
dence that the group is in
niiiun.
in
Washingion. "We're
a hit of a holding pattern.
watching for lhal."
Experts say Ihe group is downplaying
Even Reed sees Ihis as a time of this year's meeting a lillle lo give Ihe
Iransition for Ihe organization. " I don'l new leadership time to learn the ropes.
want lo see Ihe Christian Coalition ... This year's gathering is also shorter
become a parochial or irrelevant force, than usual, with only one full day of inas il was in danger of becoming a few formation sessions.
years ago," he says. "But even as |lhe
The convention's slate of speakers,
conlitionl continues to institutionalize however, offers no him of a waning inand become a Ijxlure on Ihe Ainerican fluence. Conservative Republicans like
political landscape, we must not be- House Speaker Newi Gingrich and
come our own version of an establish- 1990 presidential candidates Alan
inenl. That's the lension and Ihal's Ihe Keyes and Lamar Alexander will be
balance.''
presenl as expecled. Bul olhers, such
as Rep. John Kasich (R) of Ohio and
'90 presidential hopeful Steve Forbes
R e a c h i n g out
Reed expanded Ihe group's out- - who have focused more on budgel
reach earlier this year when he an- Ihan Bible - will also speak.
nounced lhal the group would take on
.As long as Ihe group has Ihe ability
inner-city poverty and race relations. lo pull in Republicans of all stripes, it's
This followed on efforts lo attract showing its inlluence, says Mr. Conn.
nicmbers from Ihe black, .lewish, and "The new leaders would have to do a
Roman Catholic communities - typi- really, really bad job to let Ihe lliing
cally beyond Ihe realm of the largely plummet very far."
StuK writer ot Tne Ctiiistitin Science Monitor
W
a
Waiting For a Ride
Jane Coaldey, and her son, lan, sit and wait for a ferry from the East
Bay to San Francisco. A public transit train strike has left roads and
waterways clogged. The union seeks a three-year pay hike.
Campaign Reform Gains Momentum
R E F O R M from Page 1
combined raised $89 million in soft funds in
Ihe 1991-92 campaign; the figure jumped lo
But other analysis think Clinton might $2().'l..> million in llie l()95-'9(i cycle.
need lo make a genuine push for change.
Overall, recent revelations show the DeHearings chaired by Sen. Fred Thompson mocralic Nalional Commillee "never had llie
(R) of Tennessee have increasingly fo< used kind of screening Ihey should have of large
on drawing lines of responsibility for abuses soft-money contributions," says (ierbcri
directly into the White House. Vice Presideni Alexander, a University of Southern CaliforAl Gore's fund-raising phone calls have come nia campaign-finance expert. "They never
in for similar uncomfoitable publicily. Ab- should have jiggled lhat money around."
sent, some progress, Ihe issue may become a
Pressure on Ihe White House lo appear to
big problem for Mr. Gore in campaign 2000. lie doing someihing ahoul campaign reform
Perhaps more iinportanl, some advocates may increase in the weeks ahead. The House
of reform are lowering Iheir sights and aim- will begin companion hearings lo those now
ing at more incremental change. One fall- occurring in Ihe Senate Governmeulal Afhack position: Settle for conslrainls on "soft fairs (Committee. As Ellen Miller, direclor of
money," the largely unregulated conlribii- ihe watchdog group Public Campaign, points
tions lo nalional parties lhat now tlow in by out, hearings are now demonslrating "Ihe
lire millions.
cashing-in side of Ihe silnation."
Conventional wisdom here llow holds that
For the lirsl lime, they're directly demonsoft money regulation is the most likely cam- si rating Ihe link belween money and access.
paign-finance outcome, as Senator Feingold This week, former Democratic National
himself admits. A bill introduced by Sen. Committee chairman Don Fowler testified
.lohn Warner (U) of Virginia would ca]) soft thai he fell il his duty lo push hard to gain
••vlfiOll'^LUintS
money donations at $100,000.
White House access for big conRep. Chris Shays (K) of Contribuiors such as Roger Tamraz,
necticut is pushing similar legisan international oil financier.
lation in llie House.
GOP questioners were oddly
gentle with Mr. Fowler, however.
"Eliminating llie possibility of
They made a poinl of eliciting his
soft money would be ihe crucial
opinion lhat much DNC fundreform,'' says Anthony Corrado.
raising aclivily seemed lo be conau eleclion expert al Colby ColIrollcd by Ihen White House
lege in WalerviUe, Maine.
deputy chief of slaff Harold Ickes
That's because the barrier be- not Fowler himself.
lween soil money and "hard"
Slill, barriers lo campaign-fifunds. Ihe lightly regulated cash
nance refonn remain cimsiderthat pays lor direct eandidale
campaign expenses, seems lo DON FOWLER: Funnel- able. Senaie majority leader Trom
Lott (R) of Mississippi opposes
have become increasingly per- I'IIII/I tiiicf jmsltrd foi
most proposed changes and vows
meable. The Democralic Parly W'hilr H'Dtsc art ess
to resisl any guerrilla ladies of
even look some money donors /ef ii/ii liniints.
reformers, such as attaching bills
gave as soil funds and simply
converted il. lo hard money without their lo unrelated legislation.
knowledge, according to a New York Times
The number of reform efforts - over SO
report. Thai meant some donors inadver- campaign finance related bills have been intently exceeded liard-money donalion limils. liodueed - could diffuse progress. And
Furthennore. soil money (which is sup- whether the public has been roiled by recent
posed fo be used for general parly-slienglh- revelations remains uncertain. " I can nevei
eiiiug activities, like voter regislralion) is by expect this lo be one of the lop five priorifar the fastest-growing kind of campaign ties of people (rymg to make ends meel," adconlribulion. Democrals and Republicans mined Feingold.
r
�PHOTOCOPV
PRESERVATION
Friday, ScntenilHT l l ! , 1907
T H E CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
I T R TO H
NEMI N L
Palestinians Ask Albright: .'What About Us?'
• Many Arabs saw US
envoy's visit this week
as too conciliatory
toward Israel's view.
By Scott Peterson
Staff writer ol Ttte Onstiati Science Momtoi
JERUSALEM
D
EPLOYING Ihe weight of
her office for the first lime
in Ihe troubled Middle
East, US Secretary of State
Madeleine Albright has given
strong assurances of suppoit for
Israel, and made clear lhat the
peace process depends upon
Palestinian control of Ihe "terrorist war being waged against Israel."
Ms. Albright drew strong criticism from Paleslinian officials for
whal Ihey see as her charm offensive toward Israeli Prime Minister Bepjamin Nelanyahti. They
charge lhal long-agreed-on prin-
ciples of swapping laud for peace,
and any hinl of lough talk for the
Israeli leader, were lost in a larger
How of pro-Israel rhetoric.
The past American role of
serving as a "honest broker" in
the peace process, Palestinians
say. has been jeopardized by Albright's emphasis on the "deep
bonds of friendship and understanding that make the US-Israeli
relationship unlike any other."
Secreiary Albright spoke of the
need to "restore the partnership
and the reciprocity" between Israel and the Palestinians, to break
a "crisis of confidence." But the
securily of Israel was the "center"
of her agenda on the first leg of a
week-long Mideast tour.
She said Israel, too, must keep
to its side of the bargain in signing the 199:1 Oslo peace accord.
The interim agreement reciuires
further Israeli withdrawals from
Ihe occupied West Bank.
Said Mr. Aral'al: "Be sure lhal
Such slops, Albright said,
should he made in concert witli a we will conlinue lo be commitled
controversial Netanyahu plan for to the peace process."
Earlier. Albright met with Leah
moving ouickly lo "final status"
talks on the most difficult issues. Rabin, widow of slain Prime MinMaking a veiled reference to con- ister Yitzhak Rabin, and laid a
wreath
al
Mr.
tinued Israeli buildRabin's grave. Mrs.
ing of Jewish housRabin warned Aling in Arab East
brighl noi to "wait
.lerusalem, she said 'No people has
and see until ihere is
lhat Israel "should suffered more
100 percent sucrefrain from actions
from the ravages cess" on terrorism.
that undermine confidence and trust." of terrorism ...
"I
have douhl
about how much lerAfter delivering a than [Israelis].'
rorism can be uptough message to
- Albright rooted," she said.
Palestinian Author"We were also terity President Yasser
rorisls once, and
Arafat yesterday, Albright admitted, "We have a long they didn'i uproot us.... Despite
way lo go. .. So far we have man- all Ihe efforts of all Ihe British
aged to get agreement on the fact Army in the land, we wenl. on with
lhal terrorisls are terrible, but we terrorism." She was referring lo
have not yet been able lo see what Ihe British mandate, which ended
Ihe best melhods are lo gel Ihe in 1948, during which British
troops wen.' oflen attacked by
peace process back on track."
Mideast Debates Possible Influence of Albright's Jewish Roots
DAVID ttnvtkM
A L B R I G H T from Page 1
.y.s-*
Israelis greeted Albright with a certain
ambivalence. Would her roots make her partial to ihe Israeli side - and would thai be for
the besl al a lime when Ihe Oslo accords lay
in virtual ruin'.' Or would she try lo prove her
neutrality by heaping pressure on hard-line
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu'?
I'aleslinians. for their part, fell as though
their suspicions had been confirmed (luring
Ihe lone-selling firsl day of her mission.
They viewed her single-issue agenda of securily - demanding Paleslinian leader Yasser
Arafat crack down on Muslim militants bul
giving Nelanyahu only gentle suggestions of
whal to do - as evidence lhat she was not
about lo Heat the two sides equally.
In Israel, some newspaper columnisls
suggesled Albright could use her office in
the style-of James Baker - who held her job
under Presideni Bush - to twist arms on
boih sides wiihoul being susceptible to comW,ilm*ila»
plaints- of anti-Semitism. The right-wing HISTORY RECALLED: US Srcirlum uf Slulr Athrhihl ,'Mliil /vmr/'s HiJncnusI iiiii.st'iiin
Women in Green tried to lug at her emotions Tluac dflirr <imii<liniiv)il\ diril dniinij tlie Nasi em in Etaiipe, a fat t site uithl tveetillif learned.
wilh newspaper ads reading: "Hitler gassed
and binned your grandparents and millions was raised Roman Catholic and later became derslanding Ihe pain of only one side.
"Madeleine Albrighl's slalemcnls were
of others, because Ihey were Jews. Arafat Episcopalian, they slill view her as Jewish.
"We're not inleresled in whelher some- are very clearly geared towards addressing
has Ihe same virulent hatred of Jews!"
Anolher Israeli who would like to meel Al- one converts out of Judaism." says Rabbi an Israeli audience, wilh total sympathy and
bright is Avigdor Dagan. who worked with Menachem Porush, who head Ihe ullra-Or- identification.'' says Palestinian Cabinet minAlbright's father when they lied lo London ihodox Agudat Yisrael movement. "I'm only ister Hanan Ashrawi. Supporters of Hamas,
alter the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia. But afraid lhal because she's a Jew, she will iry the Palestinian extremist group lhat look reMr. Dagan says Albrighl's past doesn't mean to show the non-Jewish world what Ihey sponsibilily for the bombings, made a poster
she's expected to go easy on Netanyahu. want and will not go the way she is thinking of .Mbrighl dressed as Ihe Slalue of Liberty
wearing a Star of David around her neck and
"I don I Ihink we re asking for any pref- aboul Israel and Ihe Jewish people.''
erential treatment," Dagan says. He thinks
Palestinians say lhat she has already slabbing t.he Palestinians in the back.
But Albright's cousin dismissed the hullIsraelis don't resent Albright for not looking shown herself lo be thinking about Israel
inlo evidence about her Jewishness before first. After Albright visited with the wounded hub over the secretary's origins. "The Arabs
Washington Post reponers did.
from last week's suicide bombings at a hos- would like to make this conned ion lo say
"Mainly, we don't understand it. We don'l pital, expressed support for Netanyahu's she's not objective, but she's rising above
know how someone can be born a Jew and policy since that attack, and participated in ihis tiling and will resist such attempts," he
not be part of it." says Dagan, a retired Is- an emotional wreath-laying ceremony at the says. "1 hope she will succeed, and not beHolocaust museum, Palestinians complain cause she's my relative. I really hope thai
raeli ambassador.
Other Israelis say that even though she that she has put too much emphasis on un- there will be progress towards peace."
Jewish and Arab lerrorists.
Critics were quick lo poinl out
lhat Albrighl spenl more time
making learful visits in Israel to
bomb victims, families of soldiers
missing in aclion in Lebanon, and
the Holocaust memorial Ihan she
spenl wilh Paleslinian leaders.
"No people has suffered more
from Ihe ravages of terrorism, injuslice, intolerance, Ihan Ihe people of Israel," she said. "And no
country has demonstrated a
slronger will Ihan Israel to deny
oppressors and murderers llie
victories they seek."
Albrighl paid tribute lo 100
years of Zionism. "Israeli history
is characterized by striving for
peace, hope for a better future,
courage, and leadership," she
said. "Those trails have earned Israel Ihe unbreakable, and unending friendship of Ihe | pie and
government of the United Si ales."
Paleslinian Aulhorily Educalion Minister Hanan Ashrawi said
Albright took a "wholly one-sided
approach" and thai "at some
poinl, Ihe US has lo decide
whelher it wants to serve only Israeli interests, or ... the inlcrests
of peace in Ihe region.
To I'aleslinians. many of whom
were forced from iheir homes
during Ihe I9-1S war for Israel's
independence, and Ihe subsequenl occupation of Arab territory ill Ihe 1907 Six-Day War. any
lalk of the "proud history" of Ihe
Jewish slale and Israel's :")0 year
"hunger for justice, a commilmcnl lo human dignity, and desire
for peace" - all Albrighl 's words lurn Ihe facts around.
Despite Albrighl's restatement
of US policy ihat requires boih
sides lo live up to their agreemenls - anil omphalic statements
from Israeli and Palestinian leaders lhal Ihey dream of peace - the
polenl symbolism of the tour
raised doubts among Palestinians.
Netanyahu, who aides say had
braced for a scolding over Israel's
lough punilive measures against
the Palestinians alter suicidebomb attacks on July 30 and
Scpl. - I , and over Israeli building
in Arab Easl Jerusalem lasi March
lhal led lo a breakdown of securily cooperation, beamed.
"We were deeply moved today
by your words," he said Wednesday. "I'm sure ihey louched the
hearts of all Israelis ... and they
showed real empalhy wilh our
hisiorv."
The Israeli press reported an
"extremely upbeat mood" in Netanyahu's
office. A "senior
source" was quoled as saying lhat
"none of Ihe dire predictions of
US pressure had come to pass
and inslead Netanyahu encountered 'more iinderslanding than
we have ever known.'
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
Fridny. Sf|ircml)ci 1:!, 1!M>7
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
Group Threatens Violence
Biko's Legacy Still Resonates To Keep N. Ireland British
In South Africa 20 Years Later
• A statue marking
work of the black
activist goes up today;
hearings on his death
began this week.
Snyman's admission Ihis week
lhal the Special Blanch applied
lorlure as a means of mlerrogation.
I,ittle ou the sixth floor is as
relevanl or revealing as Ihe size of
room d i l l . A simple reclangle, il
By Kurt Shillinger
is at the same time small enough
and large enough lo verily whal
In Trif: CliNslul, SCM;UC<? MO'HIUi
are perhaps Ilu? two most imporPORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA
lanl changes ol siory lo come
HE ll-shapcd hallway ..n
from I he TRC healings.
Ihe sixlh linen of I he old
Snyman said Wednesday he
Saulam Ruikling is altowas in Ihe room Ihroughoui the
gether imrcinarkable. -hist a seintoirogalion. He claims he never
ries of hrown-wood and whilesaw what three of his colleagues
melal doors wilh a shower room
now contend: lhal
al one end - Ihe liapNieuwoudl
struck
pmgs of a low-rent
Biko with a piece of
leuemenl hall lhal
hose pipe.
the place has be"How could you
come.
not see Ihis'. " Mr.
But if you know
Bizos asked him durwhat lo look for,
ing
cioss-examinayou'll find marks lefl
lion. "Were you hidover from anolher
ing behind a melal
era. when Ihis was
cabinel?"
one of tlie mosl infaAl. least Iwo of Ihe
mous corridors of
five - Snyman anil Mr.
aparlheid. For here is
Beneke - also stood
where Sieve Biko,
by their earlier explathe
charismatic
nation that Biko musl
leader of the Black
have injured himself
(..'onseiousness
when he fell during
Movement who died
the scuffle and hit his
in detenlion in IDTT,
head against a wall.
walked for llie last
But in his application
time.
to tlie TRC, Mr.
Mqjalofa
Vinqi
Sieberl alleges lhat
knows whal lo look
he, Nieuwoudt, and
for. A few months
Snyman started in
after Biko was here,
one corner and ran
Mr.
Vinqi
was
Biko head-first into a
brought through on
far wall like - as Bizos
his way to Robben Isput it - "a bal.lering
land, where Ile spent
ram." If never proved,
live years as a poliiiIhe dimensions of Ihe
SEARCH FOR TRUTH: Nhusinali
tlntl Nfiiin
B/kn. snil ilmi
iritiiiii
cal prisoner.
room
nonetheless
h'uilm Stei r IJ/kn, listen In
leslininiiif
lusl to the lefl of /'/ slti/H tnifi- ilfitiithriil
show lhat this version
Ciiliiiiiissinn.
Ihe
elevators,
in /jc/im' Snnfli All ien s Trnlli nml llernlii lliulinn
is at least plausible.
which black police
Examining Biko's demise,
heal detainees before handing tions."
On Ihe morning of Sept. (i, however importanl lo Soulh
llien) over lo their while superiors, concrete pal dies indicate l!)77. Steven Bantu Biko, who Africa's search for Irulh, is only
where a coded securily gale was had been in detention Ihe previ- pari of ihe many ways in which
once bolted down. Empty light ous 18 days, was brought lo the Ihis eoimlry is remembering the
legacy of ils fallen freedom
sockets sit above Ihe heavy five- Sanlam Building.
Five men - Harold Snyman, lighter this week. In Easl London,
inch melal doors leading inlo
(hick, sound-proof vaults. When a Daniel Sicbert, .lacobus Beneke, nolables from around Ihe world
red light glowed in Ihe sockets, a liuliin Marx, and Gideon Nieu- have come for Ihe unveiling of a
woudl - interrogated him. Six new statue.
prisoner was being lortured.
"They were very careful lo days later he died.
Today, the Black Consciousmake sure nobody knew what was
The Special Branch officers ness Movemenl. which Biko led,
happening here.'' Vinqi says.
claimed lhat Biko had become en- is redcdioaling itself as a political
The images here are fragments raged during questioning, that a entity.
ol a story that has never been told scuffle broke oul, and lhal Biko
Perhaps, though, Biko would
by Ihose who know it with cer- hit his head on a wall while being be mosl moved by people like
tninly. Bul as South Africa re- subdued.
Thandisekile Mnyimha. a busimembers Ihe 21)1 h anniversary of
Al the time of Ihe inquest in ness student at nearby Vista
Biko's death today. Ihey remain 11177. almosl nobody bad access University, who slill seems inimpoiianl.
lo the sixlh tloor. Now. however, spired by what ihe fallen man
The Truth and h'econeilialion as the same men aller their sto- laughl.
Connnission (THO, a panel ries, it is possible to measure
"The whin: regime Ined lo
charged
wilh
investigating Iheir words againsl where they leach llie black people lhat they
aparlheid-era crimes, sits in a did their work.
are inferior." he says. "Biko said.
nearby township, qucsiioning the
Few who have slood inside Ihe Love yourselves firsl. before you
Ih e Special Branch police officers while-doorcd vaults, for instance, entreat the enemy' That is whal
who conducted his final interro- might be surprised al Colonel we've tried to do."
T
gation. As Ihe hearings proceed,
those hoping lo learn Ihe Irulh of
Biko's demise are disappointed.
The five admit Ihey concocled a
version of evenis iu l!,»77; now,
Ilieir individual leslimomes are
coutlicting variations of (lie old
line.
1 don't believe lhal we are
very much near the Irulh.'' says
George Bizos, lawyer for Ihe Biko
family. "The applicanls" - the five
officers seeking anmesty in exchange for Iheir lestimonies "arc not being forthcoming. Bul
there are impoiianl conlradic-
1
• The LVF, a small loyalist paramilitary, says
it may use IRA-style violence in Ireland to
protest peace talks that resume Monday.
By Kevin Rafter
Spr.J.il Ii. Ill,- O l n s K i n ^ luilLi.' Mmliliji
DUBLIN
A
PARAMILITARY group lhal wants lo keep Norlhcrn Ireland
united with Britain is threalening lo lake a page oul of Ihe
book of the Irish Republican Army.
The IRA has used bombs in Biilam lo iry to win freedom lor
Norlhcrn Ireland. Now a spokesman foi ihr- Loyalisi Volunteer
Force (I.VI-') says his paramililary group may use the same lactic s
in Ihe Republic of Irdantl.
In au interview last weekend wilh this rcporl er and a teporier
for the Irish Times. Ihe lirsl ever given by a member of ihe LVF,
a senior LVF leader warned lhat foreign husinesspcopte working
in Ihe Irish Rcpiihlic were "legitimale laigels" because of w hal he
described as Dublin's iniei ferenc c" in Norlhcrn Ireland.
"The Irish Republic caiinol withstand a terrorist offensive." the
LVF leader warned. "Whal scale of violence is necessary lo damage il'.'... Maybe just killing six people - three foreign indusl rialisis and their wives and
lelling Ihe rest of them to gel
}-•_•-•
out. This would put the repuhhe's economy up llie 'The people with guns
Swanee."
might be around for a
The LVF was established
last year following llie mur- long time,.... [but] the
der of a Catholic taxi driver LVF is frankly a sideshow.'
in Porladown, Northern Ire- PUP leader David En ine
land. Alter lhal killing, the
main loyalisi paramililary
group expelled several members for breaking ils cease-fire, in place since October Itltl4.
These men now form llie leadership of the LVF the smallest of
three Proieslant paramililary groups in Noi l hern Ireland. The LVF
has been responsible lor several allaeks on Catholics as well as
a failed bomb allempl in Ihe Irish Republic in May.
By speaking oul now, Ihe LVF is showing ns unhappiness wilh
the conciliatory approach adopled by loyalisi parties like the 11 .1
sler Uniomsl Party (UUP) and Ihe Progressive Unionist Pally
(PUP). Two other smaller, stridently British loyalisi parlies have
refused lo meel representatives of Sinn Fein, Ihe political wing of
ihe IRA, and the Irish govermnem al lalks set lo begin Monday.
Tin UUP Ihe largesi parly, is expected to announce its decision
tomorrow, and Ihe PUP is expecled lo follow ils lead.
The LVF does noi appear lo have Ihe capability lo launch a
major bombing offensive in Ihe Irish Republic-. In May. a flask
packed wilh commercial explosives only parlially exploded in ihe
c-enlei of Dundalk, a I own ill Ihe Irish Republic near Ihe border
wilh Noil hern Ireland. Lillle damage was clone.
Neverlhcless, security lories are taking note of the LVF
Ihreals. The group is believed lo have c arried oul Ihe murder of
a prominent Gaelic games figure, Sean Browne, in Dei ry, Norlhcrn Ireland, jusl weeks before the Dundalk bomb allempl.
The imerview wilh Ihe LVF senior member look place in a loyalisi area m Norlherti Ireland where I 'nion .lacks fly proudly from
every lampposl and the messages painted on every wall prodaim
Noilhern Ireland as Brirish. The LVF member, who identified himself only as "Tom," outlined Ihe LVF demand lhat Noilhern Ireland remain firmly in the Uniled Kingdom.
The LVF, he says, is suspicious of Mo Mowlam. Ihe Brilish secreiary of slate foi Norlhern Ireland. She's noi even neutral." he
said. "She's pro-naHonalisl. pro-republican.''
The LVF demands lhal before any peace lalks begin, Ihe Irish
Republic- must firsl remove Ihe lerrilorial claim il makes on Northern Ireland in Arlicles 2 aud '\ of its Constitution, a claim described by the LVF member as ' illegilimale. immoral, and illegal."
Allhough llie LVF ha.s fewer Ihan 101) members, it ha.s been a
sourc e: of embarrassmenl Io the larger loyalisi groups.
David Ervine. leader of Ihe PI 'P says lhal LVF activity "is piobably lo be expecled. The people with guns mighl be around for a
long time, and wo had belter come lo lerms willi lhal. We arc:
moving loward a new and honorable fulure. The L\T is frankly a
sideshow. Whal mailers is lhal the main loyalist palamilitaries
have shown over ihe last lliree years jof holding lo a cease-fiie]
lhal they are commilled lo Ihe search lot a democratic peace."
1
1
�PRESERVATION
Friday. SrplcnilK'r 12, mn?
THK CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
Japan's Economy Shrinks as Taxes Hit Home
• Some analysts see the
contraction reported
yesterday as an aberration
that won't stop recovery.
around from .January-March, when GnP
grew at a ti.b percent annual rate.
This was the first quarlerly contraction
in a year and Ihe sharpest (Iron since 1074.
when Japan's economy was reeling from
Ihe first Middle Easl oil
——
By the Associated Press
shock.
covery continues and will gather momentmn in tlie second half of Ihe year.
"Allhough Ihe recovery has slowed, the
overall nicture hasni c hanged," he says.
Bill he concedes lhal ihe decline was
..,„. ," .,..,..,.,..„...... larger ihan expected and
fiiff*^??' : k f 'T" ; ' '^ ^uSskJ
'
f')&^A
K
i
lll:lt
W l 1 1 llL
' <lil'l>''ilt lo
:
achieve the official govAn April 1 increase in
/j'jf* i '
APAN'S oconomy unnTractcd af an ani f e H M w I i l l l i M i "'rnment COP growth
Japan's sales lax to 5
nual rate ul' I 1.2 perc ent in this year's
••'""••••"<= »•» • "- . , | forecast of 1 Jl persecond quarler, llie governnient said perc ent from 3 percenl »«-->»•-*"->."••"••—-> cent for the fiscal year ending March
was the biggest factor weighing on the I!)!)«.
yesterday.
Oliicials and analysts, however, saw llie economy during the period, says Shimpei
Reflecting Ihe lax increase, privalc conshrinkage as an unusual occurrence, Nukaya. deputy director of Ihe Economic sumption fell .>.7 percenl from the previlinked io a lax rise lhal caused consumers Planning Agency, which released the dala. ous quarter.
to reduc e pnrcha.se.s, and not a sign that The government also terminated $17 bilJapan's economic recovery was in trouble. lion worth of special iiicoine-lax cuts,
HIS is a temporary development.
It's exlremcly unlikely we'll see
The fall in real gross domestic pioduc! which had been in place for two years.
Mr. Nukaya says that despite the secanolher 5.7 percent drop in perin the April-June quarter was a sharp turnond-quarler figures, Japan's economic ie- sonal consumption," says Andrew Shipley,
TOKYO
1
J
r
0
r
1
More Success, More Pay
O P E R A from Page 1
mu.sician.s are going to want part of the
pie," says Patrick Smith, editor of Opera
News. "These performers have had a
lifetime of training, and they love what
they do. But... they believe, they've been
paying for thai love."
With more performance groups Ihan
ever competing for private contributions
and shrinking federal funds, opera's star
seems to be rising.
Audiences sing opera's praises
According lo Opera America, audiences have increased almost .'10 percent,
since I OHO to a lolal of fi.fi million in the
I99:)->14 season. Although opera fans
are generally older than those of other
traditional performance ails, the number between ages of [8 and 24 rose 18
percent, from 1982 to 1992 - a gain unequaled in other performance halls.
The US Postal Service even has a sel
of stamps featuring opera legends.
Muc h of Ihis success, observers say,
stems from the enormous appeal of such
stars as Luciano Pavarotli. Placido
Domingo, and Jose Carreras, whose
"three tenors" concerts have been seen
by billions of international fans.
Many opera halls now display supertitles on cfiair backs or screens near the
slage, allowing audiences lo follow storylines often sung in Italian.
Some companies have modernized
traditional works or performed new operics about recent historical figures.
Cable television and popular movies
such as "Pretty Woman" and "Moonsi ruck" have given opera mainstream exposure. "Opera is no longer considered
an arcane art form where people wear
white ties and tails and fall asleep in
their chairs," Mr. Smith says. "We've
taken a huge step forward."
O p e r a n o w seems h i p
And as opera has evolved, so have
young American audiences. Opera sings
a familiar lime to a generalion weaned
on music videos and Hollywood excess.
"American cullure is becoming more
operatic," says John Dizikes. professor
of Ainerican studies at the University of
California, Sanla Cruz. "With the influence of MTV and rock concerts, words
lhat were once used as terms of disparagement for opera, like 'excessive,' 'preposterous,' and 'fantastic'' are tonus of
praise for people now."
Here in Chicago, demand for Lyric
Opera tickets reached 102 percent of capacity last year, despite prices as high as
$119. The Lyric ran a budget surplus
last year and recently raised $100 million in a capital campaign. Shows not
only sell out here, hut some patrons give
tickets back to the Lyric for resale.
Musicians here argued that such success would justifies a J ] percent pay
raise over three years, plus an additional
week of performances. An average orchestra member in Chicago now makes
$55,000 for a 24-week season - well
above nalional standards but below
those for t he' San Francisco and New
York Metropolitan Operas.
On Monday, the union rejecled the
Lyric's "best and final" offer of a I9.f>
percent raise over three years and an additional week in the third season.
"We have been subsidizing Lyric from
its inception, working for less than comparable musicians," read a statement
from the Lyric Orchestra negotiating
commillee. "Lyric's niusicians are
among the best in the world."
The agreement reached late Wednesday puts Ihe Lyric on track to resume rehearsals for "Nabucco" this weekend.
A precipitous prosperity
To management, the recent prosperity feels fragile at best. Since 1987, income has exceeded expenses hy only 1
percent. Ticket sales cover just 00 percent of expenses, and before contribuiions, the Lyric loses $200,000 each
time the curtain goes up.
Managers say the capital campaign
has exhausted much of the community's
goodwill, fueled in part by the roaring
stock market.
Moreover, Ihey say, a survey of Lyric
members indicates little support, for a
longer season, and musicians in Chicago
enjoy a lower cost of living than those in
New York and San Francisco.
Expeits agree lhat a strike woukl
have benefited no one. Musicians would
have faced a year without pay. and the
company could have lost some of its best
performers.
ail economist al Schroders Japan.
"1 don't t hink the hack of the recovery
has been broken," he says.
A 4.0 percenl rise in privalc consumplion had been the main engine liehind the
firsl quarter's performance, as consumers
rushed lo buy goods before the lax increases.
Exports were a bright spot in the second quarter, growing (i. l percent for the
period, much faster than the 0.7 percent
increase in the first quarter. Imports were
down 2.0 percent.
Japan's cmrcnt-accoum surplus came
lo 2.0 percent of GDP in the period.
A ratio of 2.5 percent is widely seen as
an upper limit for containing trade friction
wilh the Uniled Slates, which lias said
GOING TO GINZA:
Tiikiiii\
stiujiiiniii
i niisril
ciiiisiiiiii>tii>it
i ii.slhtri
ilniihl
U CIIIMIC sil>'i'('l/s
tli.sti iit
Hiiihri
In full
II c/res ill
NCI/C.S tn.irs
in icernl
i,it lite jim r nf-lii/inti
niiniliis,
\ i ri
nrtiri/.
Japan is trying lo export its way out of recession while failing lo east' barriers lo
foreign products.
"The ratio will definilely raise the issue
of Japan's trade surplus" al the meeting of
the Group of Seven industrial nalions nexl
week in I long Kong, says Akiyoshi Takuinori, senior economist at Sakura Securities. Japan's trade and currenl •aceounl
surpluses have risen fuiir mouiJis in a row.
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�PRESERVATION
18
Friday. September 12, 1!M»7
THE
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE M O N I T O R
OPINION/ESSAYS
These circular 'byjxisscs' or 'loops' armm/l city centers have wcanl the
(Ionise of family farms and thP destruction of fragile habitats.
Highways Aren't the Ticket to Bigger, Better Cities
By Mike Tidwell
W
economic growth since World
War II. New subdivisions, industrial parks, and strip shopping
complexes have clustered around
the circles like barnacles, stretching endlessly in all directions.
Suburbanites at any one point of
the circumference are offered the
promise of visiting all other
points - north, south, east, or
west - hy driving 70 miles an
hour.
But the sprawling economic
growth associated with beltway
systems has come at enormous
cost. The flight away from compact, well-planned city cores toward vast stretches of outlying
cul de sacs, parking lots, and
grassy business "campuses" has
hastened Ihe demise of family
farmland and the destruction of
fragile habitat for endangered
species.
HAT type of highway
does all of the following? Erodes our inner
cities by exporting .jobs to the far
suburbs. Increases urban air pollution in violation of Environmental Protection Agency standards.
Gobbles up precious farmland,
parks, and green spaces edging
our cities. And soaks taxpayers
with tremendous costs, both direct and indirect.
The answer is the circular
highway around our cities, called
the "loop" or "bypass." It's had a
terrible track record over the
years, and yet many mayors and
members of Congress now want
to build more.
As a nation, it's.time to reject
the giant loop highways and
adopt alternative transportation
systems that promote economic
growth tnul emironmental pro- S u b u r b a n w a s t e l a n d
tection.
If current trends hold in my
If you live irr a large American slate of Maryland, "sprawl develcity, chances are good you know opment" will gobble up a chunk of
all about the colossal donut, that territory nearly the size of Rhode
six- to (it)-mile, uninlerrupted Island by 2020. And by emphasizhighway ringing your metropolis. ing car travel over public transit,
(In coaslal cities, the system beltway systems contribute enortends lo be a semicircular by- mously lo urban air pollution.
pass. )
Then (here's (he architectural
People in Atlanta call their wasteland of suburbia itself,
domit the "Perimeter." In the where no real town center - or
Washington, area where I live, it's soul - exisls amid the endless
called Ihe "Beltway" - that famous chaos of Jiffy Lubes and Fudgirdle separating official Wash- druckers.
ington from Ihe rest of America.
Now. as American suburban
These circular highways have sprawl reaches second- and thirdbeen the bedrock of metropolitan generation status, cities across
increasing highway capacity, the
rity decided lo reduce demand for
aulomobile iravel and llie sprawl
lhat comes wilh i l .
Portland's new planning orientation, which follows a groundbreaking sludy called "Land Use,
Transportation, Air Quality Connection" (LUTRAQ), concentrates
future growth into centers and
corridors served hy first-rale public transit. The city also encourages businesses to implement
flex-lime and tciecomniuling programs, boosting national trends
that allow people to work at home
and further reducing demand lor
highways.
A better w a y
Politicians of boih parties in
Portland now embrace Ld'TRAQ
as the city's besl pro-growth
strategy. Il revitalizes existing
neighborhoods, preserves farmland, supports car-indei>enileiil.
living, saves taxpayer money, creates jobs - aiui prolccls ihe environment.
Now that's smart growth. Big
cities across I Ile counlry w ould do
well to follow Portland's lead.
Il's time for a permanonl
moratorium on the circular, pollution-choked highways (hat for loo
long have been leading our nation
down a road lo ruin.
Haven't we had enough sprawl
the country are ready to make it
worse. They're considering build- development? City leaders are
ing "ouler" beltways, literally sec- righi lo promote future economic
ond, larger highway rings up Io growth. But if highways were Ihe
l. ) miles ouiside Ihe firsl ones. ticket lo bigger, belter cities, ihen
The D.C. area is currently de- Los Angeles would be heaven.
The facl is. building new roads
bating a $1.1 billion first stretch
of such an outer beltway. Atlanta lo expand economic development
also is talking about a 2;jr>-mile is like loosening your belt lo overouler system; the circumference come obesity, ll allows you to eat
would average 35 miles from ihe more - land and resources - while
city center. It's so expensive - $5 postponing the ulfimale and obvibillion - lhat the Atlanta Regional ous iinsuslainabilily of the sysConitnission fears il mighl bank- tem.
rupt Ihe city. Houslon, meanWe simply cannot keep travelwhile, is well ahead of Die pack, ing this road.
MM ike Thlirrll is a teeilia in
now completing a third beltway
Tahnnta Path, Md.. atal ttn atSo why not jusl say no?
and considering a fourth, a 177cainThat's what Portland, Ore., lit isl it'ith a t ilizrits'
mile ring called Ihe Grand Park- said two years ago to a mammolh paitfti to sttip
VVasiiintilott's
wav.
ouler bypass system. Inslead of ttnln hFlliaa//.
r
What if Bigger Trucks Were to Barrel Down the Interstate?
By James L. Kotstad
that use the interstate highway system. A grandfather
clause in the law, however, permits Hi slates lo allow
MOTHER driving a carpool gl ows apprehensive heavier vehicles if they were in operation before July
as her car becomes positioned between two large, 1050.
fast-moving trucks. Vet this woman eagerly awaits
It's in these moslly western states, and on selected
a new refrigerator and kitchen cabiturnpikes, that triple trailers up to
seven car-lengths long and weighing
nets being shipped lo her by truck. ||Bm|HBHI|iimni gjEtMBSIfilffll
as much as 35 automobiles are alThis is precisely the dilemma facing
- the American motoring public. Polls of Most Americans don't like lowed to operate. The trucking industry has laken advantage of this grandAAA members show that a slrong madriving alongside these
father clause by steadily increasing
jorily are afraid of driving alongside
large trucks. Yet they also want what behemoths, yet they want triple trailers on the road. Overall,
truck traffic has increased 25 percenl
the trucks are delivering to homes and what the trucks are
since
lim.
businesses.
delivering to homes and
That demand is pushing more
Measured by vehicle miles traveled, the trucking indusiry fatality rale
Irueks onto highways. And trucking businesses.
decreased 40 percent during the past
advocates in Washington and in state Q R H n H H S n raHgRH|^ngj|
'"w^-'^r""™"™ | , , |
wiijiy trucks represent
legislatures are discussing the pros
anil cons of expanding the use of longer combinalion ve- only 7 percent, of total miles driven in the United Stales,
hicles (LCVs).
they're involved in 12 percent of fatal accidents.
LCVs have large blind spots, take longer to stop, and
The question is whether lo lift the freeze on these vehicles and to expand their use. Current federal law lim- have an even wider turning radius than Iheir five-axle
its to SO,000 pounds the maximum weight for trucks Iractor semi-trailer cousins. In addition, LCVs, especially
A
(
t
c
lt
L1
triples, are susceptible lo fishtailing.
Are they therefore less safe? It would seem so. But
more research needs to be done.
The trucking indusiry may seek congressional action
this year or next to increase allowable truck sizes. Rep.
James Oberstar (D) of Minnesota already has introduced
a bill lhat would actually roll hack truck size and weight
restrictions in some instances and freeze size and weight
al their currenl levels in olhers. The AAA strongly supports this bill.
T
RUCKS are a vital part of our economy, but the
case for even bigger and heavier vehicles has not.
been made. The trade-off between a small increase in shipping capacity offered by LCVs and an unknown effeel on highway safely and mobility may noi be
a great bargain for tlie .American public.
If the choice is belween increasing driving anxiety
and forgoing small consumer savings, we Ihink most motorisls would 11 se the latter.
• Jtinifs L. Kalsltnl is f i f f i>i t:sitlciil tif Ihe .-MA, llie
-tO-niillitm iiieiiilice auto elnh.
�PRESERVATION
20
Friday. Sciilrmber 12. IHOT
THE
•f/W
/Ac W«i/.-.
THE
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE M O N I T O R
MONITOR S VIEW
! IK ' ii Ihr full uni/ii
(//fM llie i •n.
in Ihr
car'
By the Year 2020
Problems to solve as the developing world booms
T
WO dicers for the future. The especially India and China - is not
Wnrkl Bank's economists have heartening. But two factors have been
just peered ahead lo the year helping to slow world population
<2(I20 and sent us a sizable dose of growih; (1) It's widely accepted that
good news. Whal was once jusl Ihe better cducaled and eeonomically seAinerican Miracle or the Asian Miracle cure societies lend lo have reduced
is spreading more rapidly than mosl birth rales. (2) The tidier nalions of
specialists calculated. It is in llie Europe, North America, and east Asia
process of becoming a modest world are already "graying.'' Some, like
miracle. Thai means that billions Japan, lend Io have excess savings
among the world's poor and middle lhat provide capital for growth in declasses are likely lo see some im- veloping countries.
provemcnl in iheir lives.
If job security in developing lands
Item: Developing lands will likely helps slow population growih, it also
double Iheir portion of world oulput helps retard environmental damage in
of goods and services ^,
anolher way. ll steers
producing aboul one-third
homeless, jobless millions
of Ihe loial by 202(1.
away
from
despoiling
If the World
Item: The Big Five
Bonk forecast foresls in a desperate
"super-developing nalions"
search
for subsistence
is even close, farmland.
(China. India, Indonesia,
Russia, Brazil) will lead Ihis it's likely to be
Problem No. 2: trade
growth. If Ihey conlinue to a better world and jobs. The Big Five dereform Iheir economies,
veloping nations are home
for more
Ilieir oulpul and their share
lo about half the world
people.
of woi ld H ade could double
labor | 1. Currently they
from ils current S-io 10
provide only !"i percent of
percenl.
global exports. Rocked by
Item: Growth rales in the faster the Japan-US Irade gap (soon to be
modernizing nalions of Ihe developing dwarfed by the China-US gap), Amerworld should reach 5.0 percenl - Ihe icans worry about an even more gianl
besl in 20 years. Bul even states al ihe world-trade gap - a world lull of
poorer end of Ihe specirum are bene- cheap-labor sorcerer's apprentices
filling. Growlh in sub-Saharan Africa pouring forth too many goods.
has reached aboul 1 percenl in llie
Fortunately, such a dark downside
past two years, more Ihan two points to the World Bank's sunny forecast is
better Ihan in rhe previous decade. not likely. Even at llie bank's predicted
Wiih all Ihis hearlening news, why average growih rate, the Big Five
give only Iwo cheers?
share of world production will rise
To begin with, I here's the perennial only from S percent to Ki percenl.
uncertainty about extrapolations lhat That's not enough to threalen workinvolve so many variables over a quar- ers in already-rich nations. They will
ter century. But a more serious reason still control 71 percenl of world prolo withhold the final cheer concerns duction. And their combinalion of
two big problems to be deall with if fewer workers (the graying of Ihe
this long-overdue spreading of pros- north) and more high-tech jobs should
perity to more of the human race is cushion the coining change.
not to create IHSHIS as well as winners.
Freeing ingenuity: The world of
Problem No. 1: environment. 2020 may not, in the end, fit the temCommon sense (not lo mention eom- plate cut by World Bank economists.
hion humanity) argues that raising the But if it comes even close, it. is likely
living standards of billions of impov- to be better for more people than
erished fellow members of Ihe human today's world.
race is desirable. We're not talking
Remember Ihe travail Europe,
skybox frills here, .lust plain food, de- Japan, and China went, through after
cent housing, a basic job. and useful World War II. Consider the tragic false
education. Thai aspiration shames the starts Africa endured under post-colo•figrowth is had" argument.
nial strongmen who practiced limosBul if growih fouls the planetary for-nte-and mine socialism. Rememnest, it. defeats its own gains. So in- ber the juntas, guerrillas, and military
dustry leaders, governments, and re- command economies prevalent in
searchers have to find and adopt new Lalin America.
low-pollution production technoloMuch of Ihe world has already
gies. Thai means manufaclurin^, vastly benefitted from expanded trade,
Iranspoilalion, resource extraction, freer capital movement, more enterand recycling methods lhat ensure all prise, less government ownership, and
the new growih pouring forth lo feed, better educated citizens. If Ihe World
clothe, move, and bouse people must Bank is even half correct, that
be carried out by processes that either progress will speed and spread. Now
don't pollute or that neutralize their Ihe ingenuity that, produced growth
own pollutants as much as possible. must turn to solving the big populaPopulation restraint will be needed. tion and environment problems.
'Here, the experience of Ihe Big Five - There's no reason it can't succeed.
Cnif ciNciun/tn rafr
Exploring Why and Saying Goodbye to Diana
m m m
r
We opened the Monitor to read the best ar- cline to purchase such photographs or artiticle written in any paper on Diana, Princess cles. They will, however, reprint Ihe items as
of Wales, "Travels With Diana: a band-Mine pari of t heir own coverage - this is just as ofSurvivor's Tale" (Sept. ,1), and your editorial. fensive as being first to publish. 1 agree that
Just had to tell you how much il. has meant to such distortions of the meauing of "news"
us over here. The writing is deep, thoughtful, plays inlo the hands of those seeking lo handand brought a beauliful ring of truth to what cuff Ihe press. Bul il is up lo Ihe press to
was such a gentle glow of love that touched solve ils own problem. Without a ready marour lives and made this a richer and more lov- ket for their photos, the paparazzi would find
ing place.
other work.
The general public also must
Thank you for caring, sharaccept its siiare of Ihe responsiing, ami embracing us all in
bility. It not. only buys and views
this country's time of deep
Ihe otfcncttng -puhhcniions —and"
mourning. Many of us have
lelevision programs, ll demands
been much comforted by the
Ihis type of coverage.
love expressed
Ihrough the
•lohn Wahonich Spokane, Wash.
pages of the Monitor.
Maria Greenwood
The implicalinn iu "Drawing a
Weybridge, Surrey, Britain
bine on Privacy Vexes Media" (Sepl. -1) lhal
There arc tough lessons to be learned "paparazzi" somehow make hapless "victims"
from the tragedy in which Diana losl her life. of famous people who, it is claimed, loathe
As a deterrent to those tempted to drink and (he publicity they gel, is naive. It has to be
drive, tougher penalties should be set. for admilled that such media laigels oflen invite,
those convicted of drunk driving. Seat bells or al least lolerale, press snooping. In cultishould be compulsory for drivers and all pas- vating the public image of a Hollywood
sengers. Speed limils should be slriotly ad- lifestyle and engaging in what one Brilish
woman journalist described as her highly
hered fo and effectively enforced.
Road safety is a subject of vital importance publicized "public weeps and personal contoday. The Monitor's Global Report, "Drunk fessions," is it. any wonder Diana would be
Driving Draws Global Wrath" (Sept. :|) in- pursued .'
Sarasota, Fla.
cludes a headline, "Safety Through Sobriety," Albert L. Weeks
t hat should speak to all road users.
Alistair Budd
Lindenfels, (lermany
Thank you for llie beautifully written editorial on Mother Teresa, "Helping the Meek
Thank you for your excellent coverage of Inherit" (Sept. H). As a Chrislian Scientist, I
Princess Diana. The editorials were just right am so grateful we can recognize good works
and the explanation distinguishing between and love expressed in another, regardless of
true journalism and the renegade photogra- their religion.
phers was badly needed. Truly Diana will reI also wish lo thank you for your excellent
main the "Queen of Hearts" for many of us. coverage of Princess Diana - for its balance
One can only hope and pray that the royal and tastefulness. The story from Jerry While
family sees this as a wake-up call for their of Landmine Survivor's Network, the man
own behavior.
who toured with her in Bosnia, said all that
Georgia G. Bowden
Santa Rosa, Calif. needed to be said.
Jean Piper
Edmund, Okla.
It is not Ihe paparazzi who distort the
Your hitlers ore iveleointt. Lclters f u r
meaning of "news," as your editorial stales,
but instead the news media and the reading piibliailinn musl be siijned rim/ inclitthi
public that support their work. News execu- i/oitr ttinilinfj atltlress ttnd teU'ithone nittiitives need lo quit pointing ringers and con- Iter. Onlt) ti selectitm can be piiblislieil and
sider which side of the line dividing "Ihe peo- itnnc acknawletlgctl. All lellers are subjeci
ple's business" and yellow journalism they lo edilitui. Lellers siinnltl lit! tnttilvd In
are on. Offenders include not. only the super- "Reailais W r i t e " One. Norway St., Boston,
market and television tabloids. Major news- MA 02115, Ja.cetl lo 617-450-2317, ae
papers and network news programs may de- mailetl lo oped@csps.coni
-
�REMARKS A S PREPARED FOR DELIVERY BY VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE
PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INTEREST
OBLIGATIONS FOR DIGITAL TV
Wednesday, October 22, 1997
Thank you, Secretary Daley, for giving us this critical forum today. I thank
the co-chairs of our new Advisory Committee, Norm Ornstein of the American
Enterprise Institute and Les Moonves of CBS Television, for lending their time and
talent to this important enterprise; and I thank each and every member of the
committee, whose names were formally announced this morning. You bring to this
work not only broad and deep expertise in all the challenges of modern
broadcasting, but also a commitment to serving the public - and I am grateful that
you have chosen to serve.
We are here today to begin a serious study of one of the most important
questions of our time: how to ensure that one of our most precious public
properties continues to serve the public's needs - a forum not just for
entertainment, but for education, enlightenment, and civic debate as well.
Almost sixty years ago, after seeing an early demonstration of television,
E.B. White predicted - and I quote - "we shall discover either a new and
unbearable disturbance of the general peace, or a saving radiance in the sky."
The truth is, neither has come to pass. But E.B. White was right in one
important sense: the broadcast medium is what we make of it. Such "saving
radiance" can shine through - but only when we provide it. For this reason,
America's broadcasters are really the trustees of a critical public resource. When
you consider that the average 70-year-old will have spent a full ten years watching
television - and that a typical child will watch 2 5 , 0 0 0 hours of television before his
or her 18th birthday - you begin to realize the magnitude of that obligation.
Fortunately, as far back as the Radio Act of 1912, America has understood
and acted on those obligations. It was in 1 952 that the FCC set aside a full 1 2 %
of all TV channels for educational, non-commercial use. It was in 1 967 that
President Johnson won passage of the Public Broadcasting Act, making public
television a part of our daily lives. Thanks to many of the people in this room, we
have expanded children's programming, and made it easier for federal candidates to
have equal and affordable access to broadcast time.
We are here today because that tradition of trusteeship must continue, even
as television goes through the greatest transformation in its history, one that is
truly bigger than the shift from black and white to color - the move from analog to
digital broadcasting. It's like the difference between a one-man band and a
symphony.
�fdigifaCsp
" "~
-
—
—
- •• •-
--
•
•
None of us can predict exactly what this new technology will bring whether it will be high-definition or multicast; whether it will broadcast to TV
screens, to computers, or to digital TV's; whether it will bring dramatic changes in
content and programming, or just a wider range of channels and choices. We do
expect that we'll see even more entertainment, even more and better educational
and children's programming, and we hope and expect to see free TV time for
candidates for public office. We also know that digital broadcasting will be more
dynamic and more flexible; more competitive and more interactive - and potentially
much more responsive to the needs and interests of the American people, if we
prepare for it in the right way.
But the fact that it is so limitless - the fact that so many of our present rules
and expectations will not apply -- makes digital broadcasting the wild west of the
television age. If we don't map out some of that terrain for public purposes -- if we
don't carve out meaningful public space on our newest public airwaves - we could
lose the opportunity for good.
At the same time, the digital spectrum is a valuable asset, one that will bring
an explosion of opportunities for broadcasters. What we have asked for in return -what we must get in return -- is a significant commitment to the public interest.
We all know what the critical needs are: the need to educate and inform our
children; the need to give parents the tools to protect their children from what they
consider to be harmful influences; the need for free and open political debate,
driven not by dollars and soundbites, but by issues and ideas. The challenge we
now face is meeting those needs, protecting our oldest values, in the face of new
and changing technology.
That is why President Clinton and I created this Advisory Committee - and
that is w h y the report you submit to me next June will be such a critical roadmap
for the new broadcast media. Of course, your paramount obligation must be to
sustain and strengthen the First Amendment freedoms that are so critical to all
media. We cannot allow or condone censorship of any kind. We must respect the
free-enterprise approach that has always governed our airwaves. But we must also
recognize that broadcasting is not a right, but a privilege - one that confers great
responsibilities.
I expect the work of this Committee to be broad, and I do not want to
pre-judge or pre-ordain its outcome. But I do want to begin this first meeting with
a discussion of first principles -- some of the challenges that the President and I
believe must be met if we are to truly harness the new media for the good of all
Americans.
Page 2
�jiigital.ip""''
'
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'
"""
" " " " — —
—• ••—•• •
The first is children's programming on our airwaves. And there are really
t w o sides to this equation - helping parents screen what they believe to be bad,
and giving them more of what we know to be good.
You all know how hard President Clinton and I have worked with the
broadcast industry, with Congress, and with parents' groups to achieve both of
these goals. Requiring the V-Chip, so parents have the power to block what they
find objectionable. Bringing together the majority of the broadcast industry to
launch voluntary TV ratings, so parents have an early-warning system when it
comes to content they find objectionable; this is an achievement we are all
committed to continuing in the digital age - and I hope NBC will soon join in this
voluntary effort as well. These ratings will serve us well in the digital age.
For too long, parents have been presented with a false choice when it comes
to TV -- to unplug it and throw it out if they don't like the programming, or to sit
and monitor everything their children watch. We know that neither is practical, and
that there is a third and better way. TV ratings and the V-Chip give parents the
information they need to make that third way work.
In addition, we fought for and won passage of the three-hour rule, requiring
broadcasters to air a minimum of three hours of genuine educational programming
each week. It was no accident that President Clinton's letter to the FCC, urging
them to pass this rule, was the first such letter ever sent by a President of the
United States to the Federal Communications Commission.
Our challenge, with the birth of digital broadcasting, is to translate these
rules into the digital age. We must provide families with more quality, educational
programming from which to choose. I will never forget the hours I spent w i t h my
o w n children watching Sesame Street or Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood - or more
recently, documentaries on baseball and the Civil War, and new educational shows
such as Science Court. We want to create more of those experiences, not fewer,
in the digital age.
The other critical issue -- one which is especially important to the President
and to me -- is the need for free TV time for candidates for public office, to create a
meaningful public forum that does not require an endless steeplechase to raise and
spend campaign contributions.
As some of you may recall, I do not come new to this issue; I introduced the
very first free TV legislation in the Senate, exactly nine years ago this past
Saturday. Sadly, nine years later, little has changed in our system of financing
campaigns:
Candidates still raise and spend too much money - mostly to buy those
p g 3
a
e
�fdigital.Sip
" " '
"
-
"
' ' P a g e 4
30-second slivers of TV time to air their views.
Too many candidates still don't have access to the airwaves, which means
they often don't have access to the voters.
As this Committee deliberates and defines the public interest in the digital
age, I urge you to pay special attention to the need for free TV time - to be set
aside for the survival of our democracy -- and to come forward with a serious
proposal to provide it.
Beyond these t w o central issues of content - the needs of our children and
the needs of our democracy - there are other issues I urge you to explore.
In all of your recommendations, you must strive to design rules and principles
that are flexible enough for a technology that will change very rapidly -- and is still
wildly unpredictable.
At the same time, you will have to struggle with how to establish a clear and
meaningful public interest obligation. For this new media, that may mean
something different than a number of hours or a percentage of broadcast time; it
may be specifying a portion of the mega-bits of information that will flow through
tomorrow's digital airwaves. I hope you will consider creative ways to map out
such goals, as we strive to make public interest obligations real.
There are, of course, many other issues to consider - and what we are
asking, above all, is that you provide us with your best judgement and assessment.
What should a broadcaster's obligations be in areas such as public service
announcements, close captioning and video description?
Let me close by saying that we are lucky to have such a talented and diverse
membership on this Committee -- including leading broadcasters and producers,
academics and executives from a variety of fields, and members of the public
interest community. Together, you must be the guardians of the public interest and America is counting on your counsel and leadership.
The broadcast spectrum - worth untold billions of dollars - is a not a mere
commodity. It is a public trust. There is a reason that so many democratic nations
have established state-run TV networks, to harness its power to educate and
inform. And there is a reason that so many autocratic nations have harnessed it for
less noble purposes and propaganda. We in America chose a far different course.
We chose a system that is privately-run, but publicly-regulated -- one that grants
tremendous freedom to the market, but bestows obligations that are just as great.
It is not a perfect system -- and I doubt that such a system exists. But for
more than a half-century, America has had the vision to believe that broadcasting
�could be better ~ that the industry could uphold the public interest, and live up to
the obligations of such an enormous trusteeship.
It is that same vision and commitment that must be summoned again today,
as we shape and create a new broadcast technology for the electromagnetic
spectrum. In some ways, the challenge is the same. But all of us in this room
know that the job could be done better. Let's commit ourselves to that simple
goal. Let's believe in TV's ability to educate and inspire, to challenge us and chart
new terrain. And let's resolve to make the digital age the true golden age of this
crucial medium. Thank you -- and I look forward to working closely with you in the
months ahead.
�& COMMENT ,
88 keys.
One legend
PARTY FAVOI\5
In the raising of campaign funds, the currency is power by association.
••I
P
RESIDENTS, like most politicians,
spend a great deal of time drinking coffee with people who have
the wealth and inclination to contribute
money to political campaigns. Presidents
also invite these people to breakfast, lunch,
and dinner, play golf with them, dance
v/ith them or with their spouses at balls,
have drinks with them at charity galas,
mingle with them at museum openings,
exchange profound thoughts with them at
Presidential conferences, visit their homes
or invite them for overnights at the White
House, send them letters at the slightest provocation ("Dear George, I was so
pleased to leam of your important bequest
to Harvard Law School.... Please wish
Margot a speedy recovery.. . Hearty
congratulations on your sixtieth"), respond to their letters ("Your point about
eliminating the capital-gains tax altogether deserves further thought"), flatter
them with phone calls ("What was that
book you were so excited about when I
saw you at the Menhoffs'?"), and often—
very often—pose with them for photographs. Of the 86,998 Americans who are
estimated to have annual incomes of a
million dollars or more, at least 43,499
must now possess photographs of themselves standing next to one beaming President or another. The courtship of money
is one of the major ongoing activities of
our govemment leaders, whether in the
Senate, in the House of Representatives,
or in the White House.
It is commonly assumed that wealthy
individuals and the chief executives of major corporations buy influence through
their campaign contributions, but that is
rarely the case. Just over a month ago, for
example, White House officials acknowledged that President Clinton met during
the summer of 1996 with Frederick W.
Smith, the chairman and president of the
Federal Express Corporation, who was
then seeking trade sanctions against Japan
in a long-running trade dispute involving air-cargo restrictions. According to
the Washington Post, Smith's name had
originally been on a list specially prepared
by the Democratic National Committee
in early 1996 for the President to use in
seeking campaign donations. Smith eventually got his White House meeting, but
the President declined his request for immediate sanctions.
The notion of buying influence seems
offensive in a democracy, because we want
to believe that our political leaders make
decisions based on what's good for the
American public rather than on what's
good for a campaign contributor. Many of
us are particularly galled when the practice involves wealthy people with possible
connections to foreign powers. The com-
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�12
forting reality, however, is that politicians
rarely, if ever, trade particular votes for
money. Even the most cynical among
them are sensible enough to do mostly
what's in the interest of their constituents
as a whole, because that's the safest route
to reelection. The distinction between
buying access and buying influence is important: money does corrupt politics, and
the current system stinks, but to think
about it in terms of purchasing specific
policies or pieces of legislation misses the
real corruption in the system.
Here's how it works. A wealthy individual receives an invitation to have coffee
with the President or, say, with the chairperson of a congressional committee. The
invitation may have come about without
any effort on the part of the wealthy individual, or the wealthy individual may have
solicited it. In either case, the real value
of the event to the individual is that it
confirms the impression of others that he
is capable of commanding the attention
of a President or another powerful person in Washington. The photograph
memoriahzing the coffee chat, complete with signature, hangs by no means
discreetly on the office wall. The personal thank-you note to the wealthy
individual which arrived from the politician is slyly shared with others. Word
spreads of a subsequent invitation to golf.
What this does for the wealthy indi- objectives. They may have heard unflatvidual is incalculable. Suddenly, he has be- tering rumors. But now the wealthy income someone with access to a Powerful dividual's relationship to the politician
Ear—become a person, it is presumed, of reassures them: the photograph, the
influence. Such a reputation is valuable to handwritten notes, the golf, die coffees.
him, socially andfinanciallyand in the "If our colleague likes and trusts this
dimly lit areas in between. It gives the guy," they say to themselves, "perhaps
people with whom he does business the we should be more open-minded." The
sense that he can deliver on whatever he wealthy individual introduces them to the
proposes. After all, if he commands the politician when the occasion arises. The
attention of a President or one or more politician is not a bad fellow, they conleaders of Congress it must be that he is clude. And then come their own invitacapable of opening any door below that tions to breakfasts, dinners, golf. The netexalted level, and, by extension, of get- work is reassured, charmed, seduced. In
ting his way. It doesn't matter that this time, the new acquaintances will give
inference is incorrect. The appearance of money, and also ask others to do so.
power means that from now on his cliNo policy has been altered, no bill or
ents, customers, suppliers, creditors, in- vote willfully changed. But, inevitably,
vestors, and contractors will be that much as the politician enters into the endless
more willing to cut a deal.
round of coffees, meals, and receptions
In return, the politician may or may among the networks of the wealthy, his
not get a campaign contribution directly view of the world is reframed. The seducfrom the wealthy individual, and, in fact, tion has been mutual. The access that the
may never get much of one at all. But as politician provides the wealthy and the acfar as the politician is concerned that do- cess that the politician thereby gains to the
nation is not the point of the transaction. ever-expanding network of money reinThrough the wealthy individual the poli- force each other. Increasingly, the polititician gains access to a network of wealthy cian hears the same kinds of suggestions,
people: the individual'sfriends,business the same voicing of concerns and priorpartners, and professional colleagues, and ities. The wealthy do not speak in one
members of his club or board. These new voice, to be sure, but they share a broad
contacts may have previously harbored common perspective in which such things
misgivings about the politician's values or as balancing the budget, opening trade
routes, and cutting taxes on capital gains
are of central importance.
Meanwhile, the politician hears only
indirectly and abstracdy from the less
comfortable members of society. The
pollster shows him how focus groups
of average, working-class people have
answered a blizzard of questions. But the
less comfortable are not at the coffees
and the dinners with the politician. They
do not play golf with him. They do not
tell the politician direcdy and repeatedly,
in casual banter or through personal
stories, between sips of coffee, how they
view the world. They do not speak continuously into the politician's ear about
such concerns as job security, wages,
child care, the cost of housing and health
insurance, and a mounting credit-card
debt.
The politician knows of these concerns
from the pollster, but he is not immersed
in them, the way he is immersed in the
culture of the comfortable. Access to the
network of the wealthy does not buy a
politician's mind; instead, it nibbles constantly, sweedy, at his ear.
"It's absolutely marv.'
—ROBERTB. REICH
�Dear Chairman Kennard:
I am writing to formally ask the Federal Communications Commission to heljystrengthen
American democracy by moving quickly and decisively to institute a system of free-oroadcast
time for candidates. No other single step would do more to enhance the quality of elections,
restore public trust in our political system, and curb the need for campaign fundraising.
Campaign costs are rising rapidly, and campaign fundraising is rising as well, for one
central reason: the rising cost of communicating with voters through the broadcast medium.
Spending in congressional campaigns has risen six-fold in the past two decades, over three times
the rate of inflation. And while in 1972, candidates for office spent $25 million for political ads,
by 1996 they spent $400 million. Presidential campaigns now routinely spend two thirds or
more of their money on paid ads; Senate candidates, 42% of their money on television. Even
House candidates — far fewer of whom have seriously contested elections — now spend one third
of their funds on paid broadcast advertisements. Plainly, the escalating aims race of campaign
fundraising is being driven by the competitive need to purchase broadcast time.
We are the only major democracy that requires candidates to raise ever larger sums of
money, simply to communicate with voters through the medium that matters most. Every other
major democracy offers candidates or parties free time to speak to voters.
I have long supported the concept of providing free broadcast time to candidates. This
was first proposed by President Kennedy in 1962. Vice President Gore introduced legislation to
requirefreetime when he was a member of Congress. I proposed it when I ran for President in
1992. And in the most recent Presidential election, significantfreetime was provided to
candidates, with positive results. Now, it is time for our nation to move forward, in a
comprehensive way, to use the promise of new broadcast technologies to redeem our democracy,
by making such time available to all federal candidates.
As I have said before, the Federal Communications Commision has the authority to
require broadcasters to provide time ~ to candidates or to parties ~ as part of the public interest
obligation of broadcasters, oopeeially digital hroadeastersr There are many possible ways tj
provide this time^iLhave appointed an Advisory Committee on the Public Interest Obljg^uons of
Broadcasters, chai red by Norman Omstein and Les Moonves, to explore the issue,'seek
consensus, and to move forward as expeditiously as possible while broader and longer-range
issues of the public interest obligations of broadcasters are examined.
also
The comir g campaign promises to be the most expensive congressional election yet. The
FCC has a unique opportunity, within its legal charter, to strike a blow for the public interest.
Free broadcast time can helpfreeour democracy from the grip of big money. I urge you to act
providefreetime H-tifRe-foF-tf
Sincerely,
�Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
�rm. v
M O N E Y
IN
P O L I T I C S
Taking Issue
W Big Picture
e
Would Regulating
Advocacy Ads Restrict
Free Speech?
Money Follows Power Shift In '96 Elections
By JOEL BLEIFUSS
M
oney and power. They go together in
politics like Democrat and
Republican, House and Senate.
Money can help create political power, as the
free-spending GOP proved again this month by
sweeping the debt-ridden Democrats in the New
Jersey and Virginia gubernatorial races, a New
York City congressional district special election,
and the mayoral contests in the nation's two
largest cities.
But a detailed look in the rear-view mirror at
the bitterly contested 1996 elections demonstrates how money not only creates power — it
follows power.
A comprehensive new Center for Responsive
Politics look at the big picture in 1996 campaign fund-raising illustrates the dramatic shift
in special-interest giving from Democrats to
Republicans after the GOP captured Congress in
1994 for the first time in two generations.
In the 1993-94 campaign cycle, the
Democrats then controlling Congress collected
51 percent of all individual and political action
committee contributions to federal candidates
from business interests, with the GOP pocketing
49 percent. But with Republicans in control
during the 1995-96 election cycle, business gave
63 percent of its PAC and individual contributions to GOP candidates and just 37 percent to
Democrats.
The trend is more dramatic when contributions by business PACs are examined.
In 1993-94, business PACs gave slightly
more to Democratic candidates than Republican
candidates. But in 1995-96, GOP candidates
continued on page 4
SHIFTING ALLEGIANCES
(MILLIONS)
R
Republicans
$300 "I
Democrats
$250 -
S
2 8 2
-
1
\,<~*«
$200 $167.2
$150- $141.4
$146.9
$100$50$0-
1994
1996
BUSINESS P C AND INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO TEDERAL CANDIDATES
A
VOLUME
4
NUMBER
6
eformers who want to get the influence of private money out of public
elections face a dilemma: how to regulate
so-called issue advocacy advertising
without infringing on the constitutionally
guaranteed right to free speech.
In its pure form, issue advocacy
advertising attempts to shape public
opinion around specific public policies.
Increasingly, however, such ads are used
to help elect or defeat political candidates. A study released in September by
the University of Pennsylvania's
Annenberg Public Policy Center examines
how 31 groups spent an estimated $135
million to $150 million on issue ads in
the 1995-96 election cycle. Based on the
number of issue advocacy ads produced,
there was an even split between those
that favored Democrats and those that
favored Republicans.
In October 1996, for example, Triad
Management Service, a GOP consulting
company, received about $4 million from
unnamed sources to finance issue
advocacy advertisements that were then
placed in the media by two affiliated nonprofits. (Documents released to Senate
investigators recently identified trusts tied
to the Koch family of Kansas and the
Cone family of Pennsylvania — both
big donors to conservative causes
and candidates — as major givers
continued on page 7
�Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
�JTH
'V
NATIONAL-JOURNAL'S
a Y
W E D N E S D A Y , SEPTEMBER 1 7 , 1 9 9 7
Clinton Pitches Fast Track Plan To Skeptical House Dems
President Clinton, Vice President Gore and an entourage of
administration officials ventured to Capitol Hill Tuesday in an
effort to corral support from House Democrats for the presiTRADE I ^ ' f
irutiative. hearing at times emo^
I tional and forthright opinions at an afternoon
meeting involving almost the entire Democratic Caucus. However, members present at the gathering indicated the session
may have come too early in the process to change many votes.
Two Democrats who were undecided at the meeting remained
so afterward, telling CongressDaily that they needed to look
carefully at the president's legislation, which was just submitted that day. " I need more time," said one member who voted
against fast track previously but supported the North American
Free Trade Agreement. " I haven't made up my mind."
Other sources present at the meeting said Democratic
Caucus Chairman Vic Fazio of California opened the proe n t
s
381
ceedings and was followed by House Minority Leader
Gephardt, who called for a civil discussion before introducing the vice president. Gore and then Clinton laid out
their case for fast track authority, noting that strong exports were a vital part of the growing economy. After Clinton spoke, sources present at the meeting said, Rep. Marcy
Kaptur, D-Ohio, launched the question and answer period
with an dramatic attack on the president. "She was out of
control. She dressed the president down," one source said.
"She accused the president of leaving the common people
out in the cold, and asked him how the American people
could trust him after NAFTA." She said NAFTA had not delivered on the promises the administration used to sell it.
Next, sources said, Kaptur produced a letter to Clinton from
a Missouri woman whom Kaptur said had lost her job as a
result of NAFTA.
Continued on
S C H E D U L E
Lautenberg Crafting Tobacco Bill
* SENATE
With the deal between the state attorneys general and the tobacco industry beleaguered by slow consideration in Congress and an expected presidential thumbs
iTJtu ii ol ilu. InUTiiii ippri'j.'iniii>n' bill'
down on several of its provisions, Senate Budget ranking member Frank Lautjml tho \]MitjA i oiMru.iion mnkifnii."
^ HEALTH I
g ' D-N.J., is planning to submit legislation this fall that
|»report' RoIl.ca]l„\,ote5> «ire expected: ' \<
^
1 sources say will provide many of the deal's health benefits but
' ihioiii.li.uil t h i iLi\ '
'
' ""*
no provisions that favor the industry. "The tobacco companies had the chance to
^ *: • f «V; V
'." ? - t ^i* s * j' achieve something big, but they shot themselves in the foot with their intransi:\ IX•??<•. HOUSE
' *'* \? * gence," said Lautenberg, referring to the industry's refusal to accept changes in the
deal. Lautenberg, who will announce his measure at a Capitol Hill news confer'I i nvHit^ .it 10 J m* 11 iiinMiici ( om " ence today, is among the industry's leading congressional opponents.
^.merie-Jusnce-Stit'e dn'd^Freasuny-Postal "/-S
Meanwhile, Clinton today will make several statements on tobacco that are at
j.appropnaLons"bills. i^ i » '\^\ y
i,* < \
odds with the terms of the $368.5 billion settlement. On Tuesday, HHS Secretary
Shalala and White House Domestic Policy Council Director Bruce Reed briefed
SENATE COMMITTEES
House Democrats on the proposal, indicating that the administration wants to stray
even further from the deal than has been reported. Shalala told the Democrats that
the settlement was inadequate, and that it should not even be considered as a build' DIGITAL TV.' "
*
ing block for the administration's own views, according to a source present at the
> ult uiinuiiUi.'c iii'iirm^ nil the transition
meeting. Shalala and Reed said the president today plans to advocate stepped up
, todiuiul u'lc\]<-ion Hj/ntsscvHniive
efforts to control tobacco advertising, and he will express support for efforts to limit
•' t o'nimi rce TeU-annnHinicatitms, I r.idisecond-hand smoke.
• und Consumi-r I'nitcclum SulHoninut-,
The administration officials said that legislation related to tobacco should in' tcc( hiiirmanW J. ("Bilhi laiuin K •
Continued on Page 11
.-La K'C (luiirman Ri-idljiindt I «VP
* In im. isWjiit w-tiium iimitniinu a
CongressDaily/A.M. is published daily. Monday-Friday, while Congress is in .session by
Nalional Journal Inc. Copyright 1997 by Nalional Journal Inc., 1501 M St.. NW, Washff "'It rfW? rfk K.-l-f?
e n , t ) e r
1
; s
f
f
1
,1
j
t
:
' -
J i.
- , Ltmtmii&i im Puiie 1.
ington. D.C. 20005. Reproduction and/or fax transmission of CongressDaily/A.M. is
prohibited wiihoul written permission of the publisher. For more information about
CongressDaily/A.M. or CongressDaily, the daily fax newsletter, call 202-739-8531.
National
Joumar
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:
*"
*
l ind out Itmv ycnir
ficyx'trnnient-works
.;
anlinc in
o vernment
M E M B E R S
S
^
ONLY^
CLOAK Issues
ROOM Campaign Finance
I THE BUZZ
I POLL TRACK
I AO SPOTLIOHT
I CAMPAIGNS
I ALMANAC
I BACK OENCH
I CAPITAL SOURCE
I TV SCHEDULE
I CONGRESSIONAL
CALENDAR
I NEWS LINKS
I H O T L I N E WEEKLY
Latest poll: Pew Research Center (11/12-16)
ABC News/"Nightline"
Associated Press
Fox News/Opinion
Dynamics
L.A. Times
N. Y. 77me.y/C.BS
ABC/Washington Post
CBS
NBC/'Wall Street Journal
Newsweek
Pew Research Center
Public Opinion Strategies
Tarrance Group (R)
Wirthlin (R)
Time/CNN
Zogby
Gallup/CNN/^
Today
INEWS ARCHIVE
ABC NEWS/"NIGHTLINE"
Conducted 9/10 by Chilton Research Service, surveyed 505
adults; margin of error +/- 4.5 percent (release, 9/10).
O.K. FOR GORE TO ASK DONORS FOR CONTRIBUTIONS?
NW
O
3/9/97
O.K.
25%
32%
Not O.K.
64
62
DID GORE ACT ILLEGALLY?
NW
O
3/9/97
Yes
34%
31%
No
45
56
IS GORE'S FUNDRAISING AN IMPORTANT ISSUE?
Yes
46%
No
47
SHOULD INDEPENDENT COUNSEL OR DEPARTMENT
OF JUSTICE INVESTIGATE GORE FUNDRAISING?
Independent Counsel
54%
Dept. o f J u s t i c e
36
ABC/WASHINGTON
POST
Conducted 10/9-13 surveyed 1,515 adults; margin of error
+/-3 percent (release, 10/15).
CLINTON'S USE OF WHITE HOUSE AS A
FUNDRAISING TOOL
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Appropriate
Inappropriate
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NOW 3/97
28% 24%
68
72
WHO SHOULD INVESTIGATE CLINTON FUNDRAISING?
Independent counsel
60%
J u s t i c e Dept.
33
DID CLINTON CHANGE GOVERNMENT POLICIES
FOR SOME DONORS?
Yes
48%
No
36
CLINTON SERIOUS ABOUT CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
NOW 3/97
Yes
42% 48%
No
55
46
GORE ASKING POLITICAL DONORS DIRECTLY
FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
NOW 9/97 3/97
Appropriate
3 1 % 25% 32%
Inappropriate
64.
64
62
DID GORE DO ANYTHING ILLEGAL?
N W 9/97 3/97
O
Yes
33%
34% 31%
No
54
45
56
WHO SHOULD INVESTIGATE GORE FUNDRAISING?
Independent counsel
61%
J u s t i c e Dept.
34
RENO'S HANDLING OF JUSTICE DEPT.
FUNDRAISING INVESTIGATION
Approve
42%
Disapprove
38
IS RENO LOOKING FOR ILLEGALITY OR PROTECTING
CLINTON ADMINISTRATION?
Looking
48%
Protecting
37
SENATE HANDLING OF FUNDRAISING INVESTIGATION?
Approve
38%
Disapprove
47
IS THE SENATE LOOKING FOR ILLEGALITY OR
ENGAGING IN POLITICAL ATTACKS?
Looking
24%
Attacking
66
H W CLOSELY ARE YOU FOLLOWING ALL CAMPAIGN
O
INVESTIGATIONS?
Closely
56%
Not c l o s e l y
44
ARE INVESTIGATIONS A NECESSARY STEP TOWARDS
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM, OR COUNTRY BETTER
OFF WITHOUT THEM EVEN I F THERE IS NO REFORM?
Necessary
71%
Better without
25
CLINTON ADMINISTRATION COOPERATES MOST OF
THE TIME WITH JUSTICE DEPT./SENATE
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»
INVESTIGATIONS, OR DRAGS FEET MOST OF TIME?
Cooperates
33%
Drags f e e t
62
HEARD/READ OF VIDEOTAPES OF FUNDRAISING
GATHERINGS?
Yes
69%
No
31
FROM TAPES, GATHERINGS WERE WORSE/BETTER
THAN THOUGHT?
Worse
35%
Better
15
TAPES NOT BEING FOUND UNTIL JUST RECENTLY
Accidental
22%
Hidden on purpose
72
ARE CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS SERIOUS ABOUT
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
Yes
40%
No
56
ARE CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS SERIOUS
ABOUT CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
NOW 3/97
Yes
39% 43%
No
56
50
ARE YOU MORE OR LESS LIKELY TO VOTE FOR
CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATE I F THEY VOTE FOR
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
More
31%
Less
4
No e f f e c t
62
SHOULD LABOR UNIONS NEED TO GET PERMISSION
FROM INDIVIDUAL UNION MEMBERS TO USE DUES
FOR POLITICAL PURPOSES?
Yes
82%
No
16
SHOULD THE FOLLOWING THINGS BE A MAJOR OR
MINOR GOAL FOR GOVERNMENT?
Ma j or Minor
Goal
Goal
Making sure S o c i a l S e c u r i t y
i s f i n a n c i a l l y sound
88%
9%
Increasing e f f o r t s against
crime/drugs
87
8
G i v i n g h e a l t h care i n s u r a n c e
to a l l
74
14
P r o t e c t i n g t h e environment more
69
24
Reducing f e d e r a l income taxes
64
26
Reforming campaign f i n a n c e laws
44
39
WILL GOVERNMENT BE ABLE TO GET THE FOLLOWING
THINGS DONE?
Can Get Cannot Get
I t Done
I t Done
Making sure S o c i a l S e c u r i t y
i s f i n a n c i a l l y sound
48%
49%
Increasing e f f o r t s against
crime/drugs
37
60
G i v i n g h e a l t h care i n s u r a n c e
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i
to a l l
P r o t e c t i n g t h e environment more
Reducing f e d e r a l income taxes
Reforming campaign f i n a n c e laws
34
47
29
37
63
50
68
59
Conducted 7/6-8 by Chilton Research Services surveyed
1,017 adults; margin of error +/- 3 percent (release, 7/10).
TRUST DEMOCRATS OR REPUBLICANS TO BRING
ABOUT CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
Democrats
34%
Republicans
31
Both
4
Neither
23
No o p i n i o n
7
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
Very l i k e l y
8%
Fairly likely
23
Not t o o l i k e l y
36
Not l i k e l y a t a l l
31
No o p i n i o n
3
CHANGE CAMPAIGN FINANCING?
Yes
63%
No
30
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Conducted 5/2-9 by ICR, surveyed 1,007 adults; margin of
error +1-3 percent (release, 5/14).
"DO YOU THINK DEMOCRATIC PARTY OR CLINTON
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS DID ANYTHING ILLEGAL
TO GET CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE LAST
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION?"
Yes
39%
No
38
Don't know
23
ASKED OF 39% WHO SAID "YES" TO FIRST QUESTION:
"DO YOU THINK BILL CLINTON PERSONALLY DID
ANYTHING ILLEGAL?"
Yes
69%
No
23
Don't know
9
"DO YOU THINK AL GORE PERSONALLY DID ANYTHING
ILLEGAL?"
Yes
56%
No
29
Don't know
15
ASKED OF ALL:
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL INVESTIGATE
OR ARE JUSTICE DEPT. AND CONGRESS INVESTIGATIONS
ENOUGH?
Independent counsel
45%
J u s t i c e Dept. & Congress
37
Don't know
18
BIG DONOR/LOBBYIST ACCESS TO POLITICIANS
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*
ASSOCIATED MORE WITH
Democrats
8%
Republicans
8
Both
66
Neither
10
CBS
Conducted 11/2-3 surveyed 1,007 adults; margin of error +/- 3
percent. Note: 6/87 refers to Iran-Contra hearings.
H W IMPORTANT AN ISSUE IS THE CAMPAIGN
O
FINANCE SCANDAL?
Great importance
31%
Somewhat i m p o r t a n t
40
Very l i t t l e importance
24
Not i m p o r t a n t
2
H W CLOSELY HAVE YOU FOLLOWED CAMPAIGN
O
FINANCE HEARINGS?
Very c l o s e l y
11%
Somewhat
42
Not t o o
35
Not a t a l l
12
HAS THE U.S. LEARNED ANYTHING FROM THE
HEARINGS OR ARE THEY JUST FOR SHOW?
6/87
Learned
27% 58%
For show
60
26
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL BE
TO INVESTIGATE DEMOCRATS?
Yes, I n d . Counsel should be
appointed
No, Congress and J u s t i c e Dept.
i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e enough
Don't know
APPOINTED
45%
45
10
ARE THE HEARINGS IMPARTIAL OR AN ATTEMPT TO
DAMAGE THE PRESIDENT?
Attempt t o damage
50%
Impartial
30
WILL
MAKE
Will
Make
CLINTON AND REPUBLICAN CONGRESS
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
not
63%
reforms
27
Conducted 9/18-20 surveyed 1,051 adults; margin of error +/3 percent (release, 9/21).
FOLLOWED FUNDRAISING STORY
ALL GOP DEM
11%
12% 12%
Very c l o s e l y
Somewhat
35
44
37
35
31
36
Not t o o
12
14
Not a t a l l
18
IND
10%
27
37
26
8/97
8%
36
36
19
FUNDRAISING HEARINGS
ALL GOP DEM IND 8/97
Impartial
29% 48% 18% 25% 32%
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47
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29
62
48
47
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL BE APPOINTED
TO LOOK INTO DEM FUNDRAISING?
ALL
GOP DEM IND 9/97
Yes
48% 59% 42% 45% 39%
No
42
34
48
43
50
IMPORTANCE OF
ALL
37%
Great
34
Some
24
Little
CAMPAIGN FUNDRAISING SITUATION
GOP DEM IND
4 7% 33% 34%
34
34
33
14
28
27
CLINTON DO ANYTHING PERSONALLY WRONG?
ALL
GOP DEM IND 8/97
48% 25% 67% 4 9%
42%
No, n o t h i n g
17
26
9
16
18
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
14
28
4
12
15
Yes, i l l e g a l
DID GORE DO ANYTHING
ALL
4 5%
No, n o t h i n g
14
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
16
Yes, i l l e g a l
PERSONALLY WRONG?
GOP DEM IND 4/97
22% 63% 47%
44%
22
9
13
15
29
7
14
9
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL BE APPOINTED
TO INVESTIGATE GORE?
ALL
GOP DEM IND
Yes
38% 45% 33% 37%
No
51
45
58
50
Conducted 8/5-6 surveyed 971 adults; margin of error +/- 3
percent (release, 8/9).
FOLLOWING FUNDRAISING HEARINGS?
TOTAL GOP DEM IND
7% 10%
Very c l o s e l y
8%
8%
Somewhat
36
38
39
32
Not t o o
36
37
35
38
20
20
Not a t a l l
19
17
CLINTON ROLE IN FUNDRAISING
TOTAL GOP
Did n o t h i n g wrong
42%
25%
Acted u n e t h i c a l l y
18
28
Acted i l l e g a l l y
15
27
DEM
59%
12
6
IND
38%
16
16
H W IMPORTANT IS FUNDRAISING SITUATION
O
TO THE NATION?
TOTAL GOP DEM IND
4 9% 2 9% 37%
Great importance
37%
40
41
34
Some
38
8
25
25
Very l i t t l e
20
ARE FUNDRAISING HEARINGS IMPARTIAL,
OR PARTISAN POLITICS?
TOTAL GOP DEM IND
Impartial
32%
47% 24% 30%
Partisan
47
30
58
48
ON FUNDRAISING, APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL,
OR ARE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE & CONGRESSIONAL
INVESTIGATIONS ENOUGH?
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Independent counsel
Dept. o f Justice/Congress
TOTAL
39%
50
GOP
47%
46
DEM IND
3 1 % 42%
57
45
IN NEXT 4 YEARS, WILL CLINTON & GOP ENACT
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORMS?
TOTAL GOP DEM IND
33%
27% 41%
30%
Yes
43
55
No
53
65
DID CHINESE GOVERNMENT
' 96 ELECTIONS?
TOTAL GOP DEM
4 9%
60% 4 3%
Yes
34
30
22
No
TRY TO INFLUENCE
DID CHINESE GOVERNMENT
' 96 ELECTIONS?
TOTAL GOP DEM
21%
3 1 % 14%
Yes
23
No
20
20
SUCCEED IN INFLUENCING
IND
47%
32
IND
20%
18
Conducted 7/13-14 surveyed 1042 adults; margin of error +/3 percent (release, 7/15).
How c l o s e l y have you f o l l o w e d r e c e n t
news about 1996 Democratic campaign
fundraising a c t i v i t i e s ?
Very c l o s e l y
Somewhat
Not t o o
Not a t a l l
DK/NA
ALL
8%
35
39
17
1
Very c l o s e l y
Somewhat
Not t o o
Not a t a l l
DK/NA
GOP
9%
37
40
14
0
DEM
5%
37
45
13
0
IND
10%
32
33
24
1
4/97
12%
41
33
14
0
Should Congress be h o l d i n g h e a r i n g s t o
i n v e s t i g a t e events s u r r o u n d i n g 1996
Democratic f u n d r a i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s and
White House involvement i n them?
Hold h e a r i n g s
Not necessary
DK/NA
Hold h e a r i n g s
Not necessary
DK/NA
ALL
56%
38
6
GOP
75%
21
4
DEM
4 5%
51
4
IND
52%
39
9
4/97
57%
37
5
Does Congress need t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e
campaign f u n d r a i s i n g p r a c t i c e s o f
BOTH t h e Dem p a r t y and GOP?
ALL GOP DEM IND
BOTH GOP and Dems
89% 89% 90% 87%
Only White House/Dems 6
9
6
4
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DK/NA
4/97
BOTH GOP and Dems
Only White House/Dems
DK/NA
Did B i l l C l i n t o n p e r s o n a l l y do a n y t h i n g
wrong i n h i s 1996 campaign f u n d r a i s i n g
a c t i v i t i e s ? I f yes, were h i s a c t i v i t i e s
unethical or i l l e g a l ?
No, n o t h i n g wrong
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
Yes, i l l e g a l
DK/NA
ALL
44%
18
16
22
No, n o t h i n g wrong
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
Yes, i l l e g a l
DK/NA
GOP
24%
24
27
25
DEM
62%
13
6
19
IND
41%
17
16
26
4/97
44%
20
12
24
I n g e n e r a l , a r e the campaign f u n d r a i s i n g
p r a c t i c e s t h e Democrats used i n 1996 common
p r a c t i c e s t h a t both p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s use?
ALL
Common p r a c t i c e s /
Both use
Only Democrats
DK/NA
GOP
DEM
IND
77%
11
12
70%
15
15
84%
8
8
7 6%
11
13
4/97
Common p r a c t i c e s /
Both use
Only Democrats
DK/NA
77%
13
10
Should an independent counsel be a p p o i n t e d
t o i n v e s t i g a t e 1996 Democratic f u n d r a i s i n g
activities?
ALL GOP DEM IND
23%
24%
Independent counsel 2 6% 34%
Congress/DOJ enough 62
58
67
60
DK/NA
12
8
10
16
Independent counsel
Congress/DOJ enough
DK/NA
3/97
36%
53
11
I n t h e long r u n , i s i t i m p o r t a n t t o you
t h a t t h e p u b l i c l e a r n s what happened i n
the 1996 Democratic f u n d r a i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s ?
Important
Doesn't
r e a l l y matter
DK/NA
ALL
56%
GOP
71%
DEM
47%
IND
54%
42
2
28
1
51
2
43
3
1987
! Iran-Contra)
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Important
Doesn't
r e a l l y matter
DK/NA
82%
14
4
Do you t h i n k t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o campaign
f u n d r a i s i n g might i n t e r f e r e w i t h P r e s i d e n t
C l i n t o n ' s a b i l i t y t o e f f e c t i v e l y do h i s job?
ALL
66%
14
14
6
No, won't i n t e r f e r e
Yes, s e r i o u s l y
Yes, b u t n o t s e r i o u s l y
DK/NA
GOP
64%
15
15
6
DEM
67%
14
13
6
IND
68%
12
14
6
W i l l t h e Senate and House i n v e s t i g a t i o n s be
f a i r t o the president's administration?
ALL GOP DEM IND
Hard on admin. 23%
7% 38% 18%
Easy on admin. 11
23
6
8
Fair
54
61
45
59
11
16
DK/NA
12
9
1987
; Iran-Contra)
14%
Hard on admin.
17
Easy on admin.
58
Fair
11
DK/NA
Are t h e campaign f i n a n c e
i m p a r t i a l or partisan?
Impartial
Partisan
DK/NA
ALL
28%
60
12
GOP
46%
38
16
hearings
DEM
16%
77
7
IND
2 3%
63
14
How i n t e r e s t e d a r e YOL i n the campaign
f u n d r a i s i n g hearings?
ALL GOP DEM IND
Very i n t e r e s t e d
12%
16%
9% 13%
Somewhat i n t e r e s t e d
38
46
36
34
Not v e r y i n t e r e s t e d
30
26
33
30
Not i n t e r e s t e d a t a l l 20
12
22
23
0
0
0
0
DK/NA
1987
(Iran-Contra)
37%
Very i n t e r e s t e d
Somewhat i n t e r e s t e d
33
Not very i n t e r e s t e d
15
9
Not i n t e r e s t e d a t a l l
DK/NA
1
How i m p o r t a n t an i s s u e i s t h i s campaign
fundraising s i t u a t i o n t o the nation?
Great importance
Some
Very l i t t l e
No importance ( v o l . )
DK/NA
9 of 30
ALL
27%
47
23
1
2
GOP
37%
51
11
1
0
DEM
19%
49
29
2
1
IND
2 9%
43
25
1
2
11/25/97 10:40:32
�National Journal's Cloakroom -- Poll Track -- Campaign Finance
http://cloakroom.com/members/pollt...nal/issues/campaignfmance.htm#pew
Great importance
Some
Very l i t t l e
No importance ( v o l . )
DK/NA
4/97
33%
43
21
2
1
Did t h e Chinese government t r y t o i n f l u e n c e
the e l e c t i o n s , or not?
ALL GOP DEM IND
Yes, t r i e d t o i n f l u e n c e
46% 55% 39% 47%
No
33
19
45
29
DK/NA
21
26
16
24
Did t h e Chinese government succeed i n
i n f l u e n c i n g t h e e l e c t i o n s , o r not?
ALL
21%
17
9
GOP
31%
15
10
DEM
12%
19
8
IND
23%
15
8
54
Yes
No
DK/NA
Did not t r y /
DK i f they t r i e d
45
61
53
F a i r t o compare campaign f u n d r a i s i n g
a c t i v i t i e s t o Watergate?
Fair
Unfair
DK/NA
ALL
24%
67
9
GOP
41%
48
11
Fair
Unfair
DK/NA
DEM
11%
82
•
7
IND
25%
66
9
3/97
22%
70
8
Conducted 5/6-8 surveyed 1,228 adults; margin of error +/- 3
percent (release, 5/10).
DEM $$ ??
Hearings
No need
ALL
59%
34
GOP & Dems
Only Dems
GOP
77%
18
?
ALL
84%
6
DEM
45%
49
GOP
87%
7
IND
58%
33
DEM
8 5%
6
IND
82%
5
4/97
GOP & Dems
Only Dems
6
PRES. DO ANYTHING WRONG?
ALL
44%
No, n o t h i n g wrong
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
18
11
Yes, i l l e g a l
No, n o t h i n g wrong
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
Yes, i l l e g a l
10 of 30
GOP
24%
31
19
DEM
65%
9
3
IND
4 0%
16
12
4/97
44%
20
12
11/25/97 10:40:32
�National Journal's Cloakroom -- Poll Track -- Campaign Finance
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FOX NEWS/OPINION DYNAMICS
Conducted 10/29-30 surveyed 903 registered voters; margin
of error of +/- 3 percent (release, 11/12).
H W STRONGLY D YOU FEEL TOWARD
O
O
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM
ALL MEN WOMEN DEM
44% 4 6%
4 2%
36%
Very
24
25
42
27
Somewhat
12
10
19
Not a t a l l 11
WHITE
Very
4 6%
Somewhat
24
Not a t a l l 12
BLACK
28%
34
12
GOP
49%
25
9
IND
55%
20
8
HISPANIC
28%
21
17
HAVE YOU EVER COMMUNICATED WITH YOUR
REPRESENTATIVE OR SENATOR ON CAMPAIGN
FINANCE REFORM/ABUSES?
ALL MEN WOMEN DEM GOP IND
Yes
15% 17% 13% 1 1 % 18% 20%
No
84
82
86
88 81 80
Yes
No
WHITE
16%
83%
BLACK
9%
HISPANIC
17%
83
HAVE YOU EVER COMMUNICATED WITH YOUR
REPRESENTATIVE OR SENATOR ON ANY TOPIC?
ALL MEN WOMEN DEM GOP IND
Yes
5 1 % 55% 48% 48% 58% 53%
No
48 44
51
51 42 46
Yes
No
WHITE
55%
44
BLACK
33%
64
HISPANIC
28%
72
Conducted 10/15-16 surveyed 902 registered voters; margin
of error +/-3 percent (release, 10/24).
IS THE WHITE HOUSE DELAY IN TURNING
OVER VIDEOTAPES AN INNOCENT FOUL UP OR AN
INTENTIONAL COVER UP?
ALL MEN WOMEN
26%
25% 23%
Innocent f o u l up
56
60
54
I n t e n t i o n a l cover up
Innocent f o u l up
I n t e n t i o n a l cover up
DEM
3 9%
40
GOP
12%
75
IND
22%
55
AFTER SEEING THE TAPES, WAS CLINTON MORE/LESS
INVOLVED IN FUNDRAISING THAN YOU PREVIOUSLY
THOUGHT?
(Asked Of 408 Respondents, +/-5 p e r c e n t )
ALL MEN WOMEN DEM GOP IND
More
42% 44% 39% 3 1 % 54% 38%
Less
21 21
21
33
8 25
SHOULD PRES. CLINTON TESTIFY AT SENATE
FUNDRAISING HEARINGS
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Yes
No
ALL
68%
24
http://cloakroom.com/members/pollt...nal/issues/campaigntinance.htm#pew
WOMEN
70%
21
MEN
66%
27
DEM GOP IND
5 9% 78% 65%
14 27
33
Conducted 10/1-2 surveyed 902 registered voters; margin of
error +/- 3 percent (release, 10/10).
APPOINT AN INDEPENDENT
CLINTON FUNDRAISING?
ALL WOMEN MEN
Yes
58% 58% 60%
No
31
30
31
COUNSEL TO PROBE
APPOINT AN INDEPENDENT
GORE FUNDRAISING?
ALL WOMEN MEN
Yes
57% 56% 58%
No
32
32
33
COUNSEL TO PROBE
APPOINT AN INDEPENDENT
O'LEARY FUNDRAISING?
ALL WOMEN MEN
Yes
39% 38% 40%
No
28
25
31
COUNSEL TO PROBE
DEM GOP IND
48% 73% 6 1 %
40
19 29
DEM GOP IND
48% 72% 59%
40 22 30
DEM GOP IND
36% 47% 40%
30 23 30
IS AN INDIVIDUAL'S RIGHT TO MAKE CAMPAIGN
CONTRIBUTIONS PROTECTED BY THE FIRST
AMENDMENT RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH?
ALL WOMEN MEN
47%
50%
53%
Yes
No
37
31
44
Yes
No
DEM
57%
32
Yes
No
WHITE
47%
40
GOP
45%
43
IND
49%
42
BLACK
68%
20
HISPANIC
61%
39
Conducted 9/18-20 surveyed 900 registered voters; margin of
error +/- 3 percent (release, 9/21).
SHOULD GORE TESTIFY IN SENATE FUNDRAISING HEARINGS?
ALL W M N MEN
OE
Yes
79%
78%
80%
11
15
No
13
Yes
No
DEM
78%
15
GOP IND 7/11
8 6% 78% 69%
10
13
23
DID GORE K O FUNDRAISING CALLS FROM WHITE HOUSE
NW
WERE ILLEGAL?
ALL WOMEN MEN
4 8% 4 5% 51%
Yes
27
29
28
No
Yes
No
12 of 30
DEM
39%
38
GOP
62%
19
IND
4 8%
21
11/25/97 10:40:32
�National Journal's Cloakroom ~ Poll Track — Campaign Finance http://cloakroom.com/members/pollt...nal/issues/campaignfinance.htm#pew
Conducted 8/20-21 surveyed 881 registered voters; margin of
error +/- 3 percent (release, 8/31). Democrats tested: Vice
President Al Gore, House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt
(MO). Republicans tested: Colin Powell, Steve Forbes.
WHICH PARTY WOULD D BETTER JOB ON.
O
DEM GOP SAME
37% 4 3%
8%
Crime
Economy
45
40
5
Education
55
27
5
36
44
6
Taxes
Foreign Relations
37
37
9
52
29
7
M e d i c a r e / S o c i a l sec.
32
50
5
Welfare
Environment
56
23
7
Campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
24
36
12
H e a l t h care
51
28
7
DK
12%
10
13
14
17
12
13
14
28
14
Conducted 7/23-24 [note. — before the budget agreement],
surveyed 899 registered voters; margin of error +/- 3%
(release, 8/3).
DID CLINTON GIVE FOREIGN AGENTS CLASSIFIED
INFO FOR CONTRIBUTIONS?
Yes 26%
No
44
DID CLINTON ADMINISTRATION GIVE FAVORABLE
TREATMENT IN RETURN FOR CONTRIBUTIONS?
Yes 63%
No
16
H W IMPORTANT ARE SENATE HEARINGS?
O
ALL MEN WOMEN
Very i m p o r t a n t
33% 37%
30%
Important
27
20
33
Somewhat i m p o r t a n t
20
19
21
Not i m p o r t a n t
17
22
12
Very i m p o r t a n t
Important
Somewhat i m p o r t a n t
Not i m p o r t a n t
GOP
4 3%
26
19
10
DEM
26%
26
21
22
IND
30%
27
19
22
CNN COVERED THE IRAN-CONTRA HEARINGS LIVE.
IS THEIR DECISION NOT TO CARRY THESE HEARINGS
POLITICALLY MOTIVATED?
ALL
MEN WOMEN
Yes
53% 53%
53%
27
23
No
31
Yes
No
GOP
57%
24
DEM
4 8%
31
IND
57%
27
WOULD NETWORKS CARRY LIVE COVERAGE OF HEARINGS
I F I T WERE OF A REPUBLICAN PRESIDENT?
ALL MEN WOMEN
Yes
44% 4 5%
4 3%
No
35
37
33
GOP
13 of 30
DEM
IND
11/25/97 10:40:32
�Natiohal Journal's Cloakroom ~ Poll Track -- Campaign Finance
Yes
No
57%
27
http://cloakroom.com/members/polIt...nal/issues/campaigntinance.htm#pew
36% 4 2%
41 35
Conducted 7/9-10 surveyed 901 registered voters; margin of
error +/- 3% (release, 7/20).
WAS JOHN HUANG INVOLVED IN ESPIONAGE
OR JUST FUNDRAISING?
TOTAL DEM GOP IND
2 6%
24% 33% 22%
Espionage
Fundraising
45
52
36
49
Not sure
29
24
31
29
WAS NATIONAL SECURITY COMPROMISED BY HUANG'S
SECURITY CLEARANCE?
TOTAL DEM GOP IND
4 3%
33% 55% 47%
Yes
42
51
31
41
No
16
14
12
Don't know
15
SHOULD PRES. CLINTON TESTIFY
IN CAMPAIGN FINANCE HEARINGS?
Yes
70%
No
24
Don't know
6
SHOULD VP GORE TESTIFY IN
CAMPAIGN FINANCE HEARINGS?
Yes
69%
No
23
Don't know
8
WAS U.S. FOREIGN POLICY FOR SALE
DURING THE '96 ELECTIONS?
Yes
45%
No
35
Don't know
20
DO YOU BELIEVE HONEST GOVERNMENT
IS IMPOSSIBLE?
Yes
52%
No
46
Don't know
2
I F HONEST GOVERNMENT IS IMPOSSIBLE,
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
Politicians
66%
Media
11
Voters
8
WHAT WILL BE MORE SUCCESSFUL: FINANCE
PROBE OR MARS PROBE?
P a t h f i n d e r probe
58%
Senate f i n a n c e probe
22
Both
20
Conducted 4/30-5/1 surveyed 899 registered voters; margin of
error +/-3 percent (release, 5/12).
HAS THE WHITE HOUSE PARTICIPATED IN A
COVER-UP OF DEMOCRATIC FUNDRAISING?
ALL DEM GOP IND
Yes
53% 3 1 % 73% 57%
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No
24
42
10
Conducted 4/16-17 surveyed 900 registered voters; margin of
error +/- 3 percent (release, 4/18).
RENO DIDN'T APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL INTO
DEMOCRATIC FUND-RAISING BECAUSE
The f a c t s don't support t h e appointment
26%
C l i n t o n a p p o i n t e d her t o her j o b
53
THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE SHOULD REVIEW RENO'S
DECISION
Yes
62%
No
27
WHO SHOULD INVESTIGATE?
Congress
14%
C l i n t o n appointees
3
An independent counsel
72
GALLUP/CNN/£/&4 TODAY
Conducted 10/27-29 surveyed 1,008 adults, margin of error
+/- 3 percent. Subsamples: 878 registered voters, margin of
error +/- 3.5 percent; 695 regular voters (LVs), margin of error
+/- 4 percent. Half samples: 492 adults, margin of error +/- 5
percent. Alternate half sample: 516 adults, margin of error
+/-5 percent (release, 10/30). Note: 1/2 denotes half sample
questions. Alt denotes alternate half sample questions.
WHICH PARTY WILL DO BETTER JOB DEALING
WITH ISSUES?
( h a l f sample)
GOP DEM
4 3% 36%
Tax c u t s
40
38
Deficit
Education
35
49
Environment
26
57
52
31
Medicare
Foreign p o l i c y
46
34
My i n t e r e s t s
37
45
( a l t h a l f sample)
Taxes
42% 4 3%
Economy
39
45
H e a l t h care
34
51
G l o b a l warming
22
47
42
37
Crime
Social Security
35
46
Foreign t r a d e
48
35
Campaign f i n a n c e
38
31
ISSUE PRIORITY?
Tax Cuts
Deficit
Education
Environment
Medicare
IRS power
H e a l t h care
G l o b a l warming
Crime
15 of 30
TOP
24%
28
45
26
30
27
33
16
39
HIGH
48%
53
49
48
57
39
53
37
53
LOW
23%
15
5
22
11
28
11
33
7
NOT
3%
1
1
2
1
4
2
8
1
11/25/97 10:40:32
�Natiohal Journal's Cloakroom - Poll Track -- Campaign Finance
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Social Security
Campaign f i n a n c e
32
16
57
32
10
39
1
9
Conducted 10/3-5 surveyed 872 adults; margin of error +/- 4
percent (release, 10/7).
ETHICAL/UNETHICAL IN RAISING AND
SPENDING CAMPAIGN MONEY?
ETHICAL UNETHICAL NO OPINION
Carter
75%
8%
17%
68
20
12
Bush
Reagan
64
22
14
Clinton
43
47
10
30
50
20
Nixon
CLINTON FUNDRAISING
Illegal
Only u n e t h i c a l
Nothing v e r y wrong
NW
O
25%
36
31
3/97
21%
42
31
GORE FUNDRAISING
Illegal
Unethical
Nothing wrong
NOW
21%
32
33
9/97
12%
39
25
3/97
11%
44
31
APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL TO INVESTIGATE
YES NO
Clinton
66% 30%
67
28
Gore
WITH CAMPAIGN FINANCE LAWS, WHAT IS MORE
IMPORTANT?
P r o t e c t i n g i n d i v i d u a l freedom t o
support p a r t y / c a n d i d a t e s
39%
P r o t e c t i n g government from i n f l u e n c e
by c o n t r i b u t o r s
56
CAMPAIGN REFORM SHOULD...
L i m i t money t o p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s and
t o i n d i v i d u a l candidates
Only l i m i t money t o i n d i v i d u a l
candidates
63%
24
WHICH STATEMENT DO YOU AGREE WITH MORE?
Elected o f f i c i a l s influenced mostly
by what i s i n t h e best i n t e r e s t s o f
the c o u n t r y
19%
Elected o f f i c i a l s influenced mostly
by pressure from campaign c o n t r i b u t o r s
77
WHICH STATEMENT DO YOU AGREE WITH MORE?
Problems w i t h campaign f i n a n c i n g a r e
much worse today than i n t h e past
4 6%
Problems w i t h campaign f i n a n c i n g a r e
the same as they've always been
50
WHICH STATEMENT DO YOU AGREE WITH MORE?
E l e c t i o n s f o r s a l e t o whoever
can r a i s e t h e most money
59%
E l e c t i o n s won on t h e b a s i s o f
who's t h e best c a n d i d a t e
37
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WHICH STATEMENT DO YOU AGREE WITH MORE?
Major changes i n campaign f i n a n c e laws
c o u l d reduce power o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s
No m a t t e r the law, s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s w i l l
always f i n d a way t o m a i n t a i n power
WHICH STATEMENT DO YOU AGREE WITH MORE?
Unions should be able t o spend workers'
dues f o r p o l i t i c a l purposes unless
i n d i v i d u a l workers make s p e c i a l r e q u e s t s
t h a t dues n o t be used t h a t way
Unions should be r e q u i r e d t o get w r i t t e n
p e r m i s s i o n from each worker p r i o r t o
u s i n g dues f o r p o l i t i c a l purposes
36%
59
24%
72
SHOULD THE FOLLOWING CHARGES BE INVESTIGATED
AS A POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACT BY AN INDEPENDENT
COUNSEL?
YES NO
Whether C l i n t o n made f u n d r a i s i n g
c a l l s from the White House
46% 50%
Do you t h i n k he did?
69
20
Whether C l i n t o n asked f o r donations
from non-U.S. c i t i z e n s
Do you t h i n k he did?
76% 20%
56
32
Whether C l i n t o n gave donors s p e c i a l
Access i n exchange f o r c o n t r i b u t i o n s
Do you t h i n k he did?
58% 38%
68
23
Whether C l i n t o n attempted t o change
government p o l i c y i n exchange f o r
contributions
Do you t h i n k he did?
69% 26%
53
44
Whether C l i n t o n
stay i n Lincoln
i n exchange f o r
Do you t h i n k he
53% 44%
67
25
a l l o w e d people t o
Bedroom o v e r n i g h t
contributions
did?
Whether C l i n t o n knew about an i l l e g a l
p l a n t o i n f l u e n c e teamsters '95
e l e c t i o n i n exchange f o r union l a t e r
making c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o Democratic
party
Do you t h i n k he did?
69% 24%
46
37
HAS SENATE COMMITTEE INVESTIGATING
FUNDRAISING ALREADY PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT
NEW INFORMATION?
Yes
30%
No
55
DID YOU GIVE ANY MONEY TO POLITICAL
PARTIES OR INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATES IN
'96 ELECTION?
To Democratic P a r t y / c a n d i d a t e s
To Republican P a r t y / c a n d i d a t e s
To e i t h e r p a r t y (combined
Democrats and Republicans)
YES
9
%
10
NO
8 9%
88
17
83
Conducted 9/25-28 surveyed 1,006 adults; margin of error +/3 percent (release, 9/29).
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PASS CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM...
By t h e end o f t h i s year
55%
Over t h e next few years
35
CLINTON'S 1996 ELECTION FUNDRAISING
Did break laws
46%
Did not break laws
36
FOLLOWING NEWS OF DEMOCRATIC '96 FUNDRAISING
ACTIVITIES
Very c l o s e l y
12%
Somewhat c l o s e l y
37
Not t o o c l o s e l y
33
Not a t a l l
17
GORE FUNDRAISING
Did break laws
Did not break laws
46
34
APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL?
Yes
7 3%
No
21
WITH '96 DEM FUNDRAISING, JANET RENO IS MOSTLY
Trying t o f i n d the facts
53%
Trying t o protect Clinton
34
IS CLINTON GENUINELY COMMITTED TO CAMPAIGN
FINANCE REFORM?
Yes
37%
No
53
IS THE GOP GENUINELY COMMITTED TO CAMPAIGN
FINANCE REFORM?
Yes
34%
No
53
Conducted 9/6-7 surveyed 1,002 American adults; margin of
error +/- 3 percent. Subsamples: 500 Democrats, margin of
error +/- 4.4 percent; 398 Republicans margin of error +/- 4.9
percent.
HAS GORE LIED ABOUT...
White House c a l l s ?
Buddhist temple f u n d r a i s e r
TOLD THE TRUTH
33%
29
LIED
35%
28
DURING '96 FUNDRAISING, DID GORE DO SOMETHING...
Unethical?
39%
S e r i o u s l y wrong?
25
Illegal
12
SHOULD INDEPENDENT COUNSEL BE NAMED
TO INVESTIGATE GORE, OR IS CONGRESS
AND DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DOING ENOUGH?
Enough i s being done
48%
Appoint Independent Counsel
40
Conducted 4/18-20 surveyed 1,003 adults; margin of error +/3.0 percent (release 4/24).
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ISSUE PRIORITY
Education
Crime
Medicare
Federal budget
deficit
Tax cuts f o r
families with
kids
Campaign f i n a n c e
reform
C a p i t a l gains c u t
HIGH
5 9%
60
63
LOW
7%
9
10
NOT A
PRIORITY
1%
1
1
23
58
13
2
18
58
18
3
11
10
33
37
44
37
8
9
TOP
32%
29
25
LIKELIHOOD THAT CONGRESS WILL DEAL WITH
U.S. PROBLEMS
VERY SOMEWHAT NOT
NOT
TOP AT ALL
Education
25%
43%
2 0%
10%
24
44
21
Crime
9
Federal budget
deficit
20
34
26
16
19
44
25
10
Medicare
Campaign
finance reform
19
28
29
20
C a p i t a l gains
cut
18
39
25
12
Tax c u t s f o r
families with
18
40
27
13
kids
IMPORTANCE OF FUNDRAISING ALLEGATIONS
Great
28%
Some
45
Very l i t t l e
26
FUNDRAISING CONTROVERSY
I s very s e r i o u s
27%
Just p o l i t i c s
71
CLINTON PARTICIPATE IN COVER-UP?
Yes
51%
No
40
SHOULD RENO APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
Yes
59%
No
38
ARE CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATIONS IMPORTANT
ENOUGH TO
JUSTIFY CONGRESS" TIME?
Yes, j u s t i f y i n t e r f e r i n g
39%
No, not i m p o r t a n t enough
58
L.A. TIMES
Conducted 9/6-9 surveyed 1,258 adults; margin of error +/- 3
percent (release, 9/12).
CURRENT CAMPAIGN FUNDRAISING
Needs fundamental o v e r h a u l
Needs many improvements
Needs some improvement
I s e s s e n t i a l l y good
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SYSTEM...
47%
16
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SHOULD CAMPAIGN REFORM LIMIT ROLE
OF SOFT MONEY?
Yes
78%
No
15
CONCERNED ABOUT CAMPAIGN FUNDRAISING
ABUSES IN WASHINGTON, D.C?
Yes
71%
No
27
CAMPAIGN FINANCE ABUSES IN '96
COMMITTED PRIMARILY BY...
Democratic p a r t y
12%
Republican p a r t y
4
Both p a r t i e s e q u a l l y
73
Neither party
4
H W MUCH HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT
O
FUNDRAISING HEARINGS?
A lot
12%
Some
35
Not much
25
Hardly a n y t h i n g
27
ILLEGAL FOREIGN CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
SOUGHT BY...
Democratic p a r t y
19%
Republican p a r t y
2
Both p a r t i e s e q u a l l y
61
Neither party
6
BELIEVE CHINESE GOVERNMENT TRIED TO
INFLUENCE '96 ELECTIONS?
Yes
53%
No
19
DID CLINTON K O ABOUT QUESTIONABLE
NW
DONATIONS?
Yes
46%
No
36
H W RESPONSIBLE WAS CLINTON FOR
O
DEMOCRATIC FUNDRAISING EXCESSES?
Very
19%
Somewhat
49
Not t o o
16
Not a t a l l
8
H W MUCH HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT
O
GORE FUNDRAISING?
A lot
15%
Some
34
Not t o o much
27
Nothing a t a l l 21
WHICH '96 FUNDRAISING ABUSES ARE MOST
OBJECTIONABLE?
C o n t r i b u t i o n s from f o r e i g n e r s
who met p r i v a t e l y w i t h t h e
president
23%
Donors meeting p r i v a t e l y w i t h
the p r e s i d e n t t o promote t h e i r
own agendas
19
S e l l i n g a night i n the L i n c o l n
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Bedroom
Donors i n v i t e d t o c o f f e e meetings
w i t h the p r e s i d e n t
A l l objectionable (vol)
None o b j e c t i o n a b l e
15
6
19
4
DID GORE KNOWINGLY DO ANYTHING IMPROPER?
Yes, u n e t h i c a l
36%
Yes, i l l e g a l
23
Did n o t h i n g improper
24
NBC/WALL STREET JOURNAL
Conducted 10/25-28 surveyed 1214 adults; margin of error
+/-3 percent (release, 10/31).
THOSE RATING ISSUE THE "TOP PRIORITY"
FOR CONGRESS
NOW 12/96
Crime
50%
57%
Public education
49
57
Jobs/economic growth
37
41
Tax system
36
-—
C h i l d care
35
Medicare
31
28
Social Security
29
30
Environment
26
26
Campaign f i n a n c e system
22
22
DO CLINTON AND THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY'S
FUNDRAISING ABUSES OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM?
Yes, many p o l s do the same
80%
No, do n o t occur f r e q u e n t l y
16
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL...
Should be appointed t o look
into Clinton W
H
Should be appointed t o look
i n t o C l i n t o n White House and
Republicans
I s n o t needed
17%
50
30
CLINTON AWARE OF RAISING FUNDS THAT MAY HAVE
BEEN ILLEGAL?
Yes
66%
No
24
CAN RENO FAIRLY INVESTIGATE CLINTON WHITE HOUSE?
Yes
54%
No
42
HAS THE CLINTON WHITE HOUSE COOPERATED WITH
THE CAMPAIGN FINANCE INVESTIGATION?
Yes
4 5%
No
46
WILL CLINTON'S LEGAL PROBLEMS (FUNDRAISING,
PAULA JONES) LIMIT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIS
PRESIDENCY?
Yes
2 9%
No
62
GORE FUNDRAISING
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Legal & e t h i c a l
Legal, e t h i c a l l y suspect
N e i t h e r l e g a l nor e t h i c a l
11%
51
29
WHO SHOULD BE BLAMED I F CAMPAIGN FINANCE
REFORM FAILS THIS YEAR?
Republicans
28%
Democrats
22
Conducted 9/11-15 by Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R),
surveyed 2,004 adults; margin of error +/- 2.2 percent.
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL BE
APPOINTED TO INVESTIGATE GORE'S
WHITE HOUSE FUNDRAISING CALLS?
Yes
50%
No
45
HAVE ALLEGED CAMPAIGN FINANCE ABUSES
AFFECTED GORE'S 2000 CHANCES?
Yes
57%
No
36
HOW PERSONALLY INVOLVED WAS CLINTON
IN HOW DEMOCRATIC PARTY RAISED MONEY
IN '96?
NOW 3/97
Very
26% 37%
Fairly
23
25
Somewhat
38
29
Not a t a l l
7
5
MOST IMPORTANT CURRENT ISSUE
Improving e d u c a t i o n
S t a b i l i t y o f S o c i a l S e c u r i t y , Medicare
Reducing budget d e f i c i t
Reducing crime
S t r e n g t h e n i n g economy
Reforming p o l i t i c a l campaigns
Developing i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a d e
28%
19
14
13
11
5
2
SENATE FUNDRAISING HEARINGS ARE...
P a r t i s a n a t t a c k on White House
and Democrats
50%
F a i r and i m p a r t i a l
29
ALLEGED FUNDRAISING ABUSES
Many p o l i t i c i a n s do the same t h i n g s
Don't happen very o f t e n
77%
15
CLINTON ROLE IN FUNDRAISING
V e r y / f a i r l y involved
49%
Somewhat/not i n v o l v e d
45
APPOINT INDEPENDENT COUNSEL ON GORE?
Yes
50%
No
45
HAVE THE ALLEGED FUNDRAISING ABUSES
AFFECTED GORE'S CHANCES IN 2000?
Yes
57%
No
36
CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM
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I s n o t needed
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77%
18
WHICH PARTY WOULD DO BETTER JOB ON...
Democrats
Republicans
Environment
51%
12%
H e a l t h Care
42
18
Education
40
20
Medicare
34
16
Social Security
33
19
Stand up t o s p e c i a l
interests
24
19
Welfare r e f o r m
32
30
17
19
Drugs
Campaign f i n a n c e
reform
17
22
26
31
Taxes
21
27
Crime
23
31
Federal d e f i c i t
Economy
25
34
I n t e r n a t i o n a l trade
20
35
Conducted 7/26-28 by Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R),
surveyed 1,002 adults, margin of error +/- 3 percent.
Subsamples: Republicans, margin of error +/- 5.7 percent;
Democrats, margin of error +/- 5 percent.
H W INTERESTED IN HEARINGS?
O
Very
14%
Fairly
14
Somewhat
33
Not very
39
HAVE HEARINGS BEEN FAIR OR HAVE THEY BEEN
PARTISAN ATTACK ON DEMOCRATS?
Fair
27%
Partisan attack
50
DO MOST POLITICIANS ABUSE SYSTEM LIKE WHAT
HAS BEEN REPORTED OF WHITE HOUSE AND DNC?
Yes
74%
No
18
WHO IS MORE INTERESTED IN FINDING TRUTH IN
THE HEARINGS?
Democrats
4%
Republicans
32
Both p a r t i e s
31
Neither
31
WHICH OF FOLLOWING ALLEGATIONS GIVE YOU A
LOT OF CONCERN?
Foreign money t o Clinton/Gore
35%
Government o f f i c i a l s r a i s i n g money
22
S p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s making l a r g e d o n a t i o n s
25
Foreign governments may have i n f l u e n c e d
elections
47
IS CAMPAIGN SPENDING FORM OF FREE SPEECH?
Yes
18%
No, l i m i t s should be imposed
74
Conducted 6/19-23 by Peter Hart (D) and Bob Teeter (R)
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surveyed 2,007 adults; margin of error +/- 1.5 percent.
IN REFORMING THE CAMPAIGN FINANCE
SYSTEM, SHOULD WE ...#
Reduce PAC C o n t r i b u t i o n s , Impose
Spending L i m i t s And E l i m i n a t e
S o f t Money?
62%
Remove A l l L i m i t s ?
18
Leave System I n t a c t ?
14
WILL CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS ON
CAMPAIGN FINANCE BE...#
F a i r And I m p a r t i a l ?
27%
A t t a c k On W And Dems?
H
61
# = h a l f sample
Conducted 4/26-28 by Peter Hart (D) and Bob Teeter (R)
surveyed 1,009 adults; margin of error +/- 3.1 percent.
Subsamples: Dem +/- 5.2 percent; GOP +/- 5.4 percent (Wall
Street Journal release, 5/1).
THE COVERAGE OF FUND-RAISING
PRACTICES OF BOTH PARTIES:
Overdone
47%
Seems about r i g h t
47
THE FUND-RAISING PRACTICES OF:
CLINTON
/DEMS
GOPERS
Legal & e t h i c a l
10%
13%
Legal, e t h i c a l l y
questionable
55
62
Neither l e g a l
nor e t h i c a l
30
17
SPECIAL INTERESTS & LOBBYISTS
INFLUENCE WHICH PARTY MOST?
Dem
30%
GOP
30
Both e q u a l l y ( v o l )
30
AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL SHOULD BE
APPOINTED TO INVESTIGATE THE:
Clinton W
H
14%
W & GOPers
H
51
Counsel n o t needed
30
SHOULD RENO RESIGN?
Yes
27%
No
65
CONGRESS'S PROBE INTO FUND-RAISING WILL BE
Relatively fair & impartial
22%
P a r t i s a n a t t a c k on Clinton/Dems
68
WHY HASN'T CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM
BEEN PASSED BY CONGRESS?
The c u r r e n t system works OK
4%
P u b l i c does n o t p u t p r i o r i t y
on campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
22
S p e c i a l i n t e r e s t s / p o l s oppose
changes h u r t i n g t h e i r advantage
69
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/V.K TIMES/CBS
Conducted 4/2-5 surveyed 1,347 adults; margin of error +/- 3
percent; Republican subsample 393 adults, margin of error 5.2
percent; Democratic subsample 485 adults, margin of error 4.6
percent (release 4/7).
MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS
Less crime
B e t t e r schools
Healthy economy
Campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
4 3%
32
19
4
H W CLOSELY HAVE YOU BEEN FOLLOWING DEMOCRATIC
O
FUNDRAISING?
Very c l o s e l y
12%
Somewhat c l o s e l y
41
Not t o o c l o s e l y
33
Not a t a l l
14
ARE '96 DEMOCRATIC FUNDRAISING PRACTICES USED
BY BOTH PARTIES?
Common p r a c t i c e 77%
Only Democrats
13
SHOULD CONGRESS INVESTIGATE WH FUNDRAISING
INVOLVEMENT?
Hold h e a r i n g s
57%
Not necessary
37
SHOULD CONGRESS INVESTIGATE BOTH PARTIES'
FUNDRAISING?
Both Republicans and Democrats
88%
Only White House/Democrats
6
MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS
Less crime
B e t t e r schools
Healthy economy
Campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
43%
32
19
4
WHAT IS MOST BOTHERSOME ABOUT RAISING MONEY?
Time spent
13
Contributors' influence
57
Need t o r a i s e
24
HAS CLINTON CHANGED POLICY DUE TO CONTRIBUTIONS?
Yes, changed
40%
No
33
HAVE MANY PUBLIC OFFICIALS CHANGED POLICY?
Yes, changed
75%
No
14
DOES THE CURRENT SYSTEM GIVE INCUMBENTS ADVANTAGE?
E a s i e r f o r incumbents
60%
Easier f o r challengers
4
Easier f o r n e i t h e r
28
MEDIA'S TIME ON THE FUNDRAISING ISSUE
Too much
4 3%
Too l i t t l e
16
Right amount
36
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REALLY WANT TO CHANGE CAMPAIGN FINANCE LAWS
CHANGE
KEEP SAME
President
30%
53%
Congress
23
68
Your R e p r e s e n t a t i v e
25
53
NEWSWEEK
Conducted 7/24-25 by Princeton Research surveyed 753
adults; margin of error +/- 4 percent (release, 7/26).
HAVE HEARINGS PRODUCED IMPORTANT INFO ABOUT..
ALL
GOP DEM IND
Clinton/Dems?
11% 21%
8%
7%
3
3
5
3
Republicans?
Both?
49
43
49
54
24
23
28
22
Neither?
IS MEDIA GIVING RIGHT AMOUNT
TO HEARINGS?
ALL
GOP DEM
Too much
39% 35% 42%
Too l i t t l e
16
22
15
Right amount
37
38
38
OF COVERAGE
IND
38%
13
38
ARE STRUGGLES BETWEEN GINGRICH AND HOUSE
REPUBLICANS HURTING CHANCES TO
ALL
GOP DEM
Shape i m p o r t a n t l e g i s l a t i o n ?
12%
13%
11%
R e t a i n Republican m a j o r i t y ?
9
10
11
Both?
48
43
51
Neither?
20
26
18
IND
11%
8
50
17
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Conducted 11/12-16 surveyed 1,200 adults; margin of error
+/- 3 percent. Subsamples: 601 adults (denoted by *), margin
of error +/- 4.5 percent; 599 adults (denoted by **), margin of
error +/- 4.5 percent (release, 11/21).
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING THAT
HAS HAPPENED THIS YEAR IN CONGRESS?
Balanced budget/budget d e a l
5%
Tax r e f o r m
5
Welfare r e f o r m
4
IRS hearings
3
H e a l t h care/Medicare r e f o r m
3
Campaign f i n a n c e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s
2
Trade/"Fast Track"
2
Nothing
7
Don't know/refused
49
H W CLOSELY ARE YOU FOLLOWING THESE NEWS STORIES?
O
VERY
FAIRLY
CLOSELY CLOSELY
Iraq situation
4 4%
32%
B r i t i s h au p a i r t r i a l
29
36
Stock market v o l a t i l i t y
25
36
Congressional IRS r e f o r m plans
25
34
Campaign f i n a n c e hearings
16
33
"Fast Track" debate
11
23
J i a n g Zemin v i s i t
10
29
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Global warming debate
'97 e l e c t i o n s
9
7
24
14
HOW MUCH ATTENTION IS CONGRESS GIVING TO THE
CAMPAIGN FINANCE CONTROVERSY*?
Too much
40%
Too l i t t l e
19
About t h e r i g h t amount
35
H W MUCH ATTENTION IS THE NEWS MEDIA GIVING TO THE
O
CAMPAIGN FINANCE CONTROVERSY**?
Too much
41%
Too l i t t l e
14
Right amount
42
PUBLIC OPINION STRATEGIES (R)
Conducted 4/10-13 surveyed 800 adults; margin of error +/3.46 percent; split sample N=400; margin of error +/- 4.90
percent (release, 4/21).
TOP PRIORITY OF CONGRESS SHOULD BE
Improving e d u c a t i o n
23%
Balancing the budget
21
Fixing Medicare/social s e c u r i t y
20
F i g h t i n g crime and drugs
20
C u t t i n g taxes
8
Campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
4
TARRANCE GROUP (R)
Conducted 5/97 surveyed 1017 voters; margin of error +/- 3
percent (Tarrance Group release to HOTLINE).
WHAT IS MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE CONGRESS
COULD DEAL WITH?
Education
18%
Balanced budget
15
Health/Medicare r e f o r m
13
Crime
13
Welfare r e f o r m
9
Jobs/Unemployment
8
Tax c u t s
6
Environment
3
Term l i m i t s
3
Campaign f i n a n c e r e f o r m
3
H W IMPORTANT IS CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM?
O
Extremely
23%
Very
30
Somewhat
31
Not a t a l l 14
WOULD CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
Real d i f f e r e n c e
20%
Find a way around r u l e s
73
SHOULD CAMPAIGNS BE TAXPAYER FUNDED?
Favor/strongly
7%
Favor/somewhat
10
Oppose/somewhat
14
Oppose/strongly
64
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WOULD YOU VOTE FOR CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATE
THAT TOOK PAC $?
More l i k e l y / s t r o n g l y
2%
More likely/somewhat
4
Less l i k e l y / s o m e w h a t
14
Less l i k e l y / s t r o n g l y
20
SHOULD PEOPLE WITH COMMON BELIEFS BE ABLE TO
POOL SMALL AMOUNTS FOR CONTRIBUTION?
Approve/strongly
26%
Approve/somewhat
34
Disapprove/somewhat
11
Disapprove/strongly
22
SHOULD PACS BE ALLOWED TO CONTRIBUTE TO
FEDERAL CAMPAIGNS?
Agree
4 9%
Disagree
44
SHOULD CONTRIBUTION LIMITS BE ADJUSTED FOR
INFLATION?
Yes, a d j u s t e d
41%
No, remain same
47
TAX CREDIT FOR SMALL DONATIONS TO INVOLVE
MORE CITIZENS
Favor
49%
Oppose
46
I F GOVERNMENT REGULATES CAMPAIGN SPENDING I T
SHOULD REGULATE MEDIA ROLE IN CAMPAIGNS TOO
Agree
48%
Disagree
45
CURRENT CAMPAIGN LAWS SHOULD BE BETTER ENFORCED
BEFORE CONGRESS PASSES NEW ONES
Agree
72%
Disagree
20
DNC/CLINTON FUNDRAISING PROBLEMS WERE CAUSED BY...
Flaws i n t h e system
32%
D e c i s i o n s t o i g n o r e laws
49
Neither
5
IS CLINTON SINCERE IN CALLING FOR CAMPAIGN
FINANCE REFORM?
Yes
33%
No
55
Neither
2
WOULD CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM "HAVE A REAL AND
NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE ON POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS AND
H W CONGRESS WORKS" OR WOULD "CAMPAIGNS FIND A
O
WAY AROUND THE NEW RULES AND THINGS WOULD STAY
BASICALLY THE SAME?"
Make a r e a l d i f f e r e n c e
20%
Find way around r u l e s
74
TIME/CNN
Conducted 9/10-11 by Yankelovich Partners, surveyed 827
adults; margin of error +/- 3.4 percent. Subsamples: 313
Republicans, +/- 5.5 percent; 390 Democrats, +/- 5 percent
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�National Journal's Cloakroom - Poll Track -- Campaign Finance
http://cloakroom.com/members/pollt...nal/issues/campaignfmance.htm#pew
(release, 9/12).
SHOULD AN INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
INVESTIGATE GORE?
ALL
GOP
DEM
IND
Yes
60%
66%
58% 50%
No
32
28
35
45
GORE FUNDRAISING WAS...
ALL GOP
Appropriate
32% 23%
Inappropriate
44
60
DEM IND
43% 25%
33
45
3/97
36%
42
Conducted 7/30-31 by Yankelovich Partners, surveyed 814
adults; margin of error +/- 3.5 percent (release, 8/1).
CLINTON INVOLVEMENT WITH FUNDRAISING...
Something I l l e g a l
17%
Something u n e t h i c a l
45
Nothing s e r i o u s l y wrong
26
CLINTON'S PUBLIC STATEMENTS ON FUNDRAISING MATTERS
Completely t r u e
5%
Mostly t r u e
45
Mostly f a l s e
30
Completely f a l s e
9
CAMPAIGN FINANCE HEARINGS
Should c o n t i n u e
59%
Should n o t c o n t i n u e
36
WIRTHLIN (R)
Conducted 9/5-10 surveyed 1,000 adults; margin of error +/3.1 percent (release, 9/15).
GORE KNEW HE WAS BREAKING THE LAW
WHEN HE MADE WHITE HOUSE FUNDRAISING
CALLS
S t r o n g l y agree
48%
Somewhat agree
20
Somewhat d i s a g r e e
16
Strongly disagree
11
GORE DID NOTHING WRONG, THIS GOES
ON ALL THE TIME
S t r o n g l y agree
29%
Somewhat agree
15
Somewhat d i s a g r e e
15
Strongly disagree
38
RENO SHOULD APPOINT AN
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
S t r o n g l y agree
52%
Somewhat agree
20
Somewhat d i s a g r e e
9
Strongly disagree
16
EFFECT OF GORE FUNDRAISING ALLEGATIONS
ON 2000 VOTE
Much more l i k e l y t o vote f o r Gore
4%
Somewhat more l i k e l y
5
29 of 30
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�NatiJnal Journal's Cloakroom — Poll Track — Campaign Finance
http://cloakroom.com/members/pollt...nal/issues/campaignfmance.htm#pew
Somewhat l e s s l i k e l y
Much l e s s l i k e l y
Does n o t m a t t e r
DK/refused
11
41
34
4
H W SERIOUS ARE ALLEGATIONS AGAINST GORE
O
Very s e r i o u s
34%
Somewhat s e r i o u s
31
Not t o o s e r i o u s
21
Not a t a l l s e r i o u s
12
ZOGBY INTERNATIONAL
Conducted 10/1-3 surveyed 1,015 likely voters; margin of
error +/- 3.2 percent, (release, 10/4).
SHOULD REPUBLICAN CONGRESS DROP PROBES
OF WHITE HOUSE, DEMOCRATS?
Yes
4 7%
No, more i n v e s t i g a t i o n
40
[ E-mail Cloakrooni ]
[ Site Index | Search | About Cloakroom ]
[ About National Journal Group Inc. ]
Copyright 1997 by National Journal Group Inc.
30 of 30
11/25/97 10:40:33
�Cost of federal elections in 1996: $2.2 billion
http://www.nando.net/newsroom/ntn/.../112597/politics25_15234_body.html
Cost of federal elections in 1996: $2.2 billion
Copyright © 1997 Nando.net
Copyright © 1997 Agence France-Presse
WASHINGTON (November 25, 1997 11:06 a.m. EST http://www.nando.net) - Last year's presidential and
congressional elections were the most expensive in U.S. history, with candidates spending $2.2 billion,
according to a study released Tuesday.
The average campaign cost for a House of Representative seat was $559,807, while senatorial
campaigns averaged $3.5 million, according the Center for Responsive Politics, and independent
organization that analyzes campaign financing.
In 1994, candidates for representatives spent an average of $348,000 on their campaigns, while Senate
campaigns cost $2.7 million.
Campaign donations from the business sector increased from 49 percent in 1994 to 70 percent last year
for Republican party candidates and dropped from 51 to 31 percent for the Democrats. Republicans took
control of Congress in the 1994 elections.
Some 63 percent of the $450 million donated by businesses in the 1996 went to Republican candidates.
Meanwhile, 92 percent of the $50 million contributed by labor unions went to the Democrats.
lofl
11/25/97 13:53:21
�PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
�THE WHITE H O U S E
W A S H IN G T ON
November 13, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR CIRCULATION
FROM:
MICHAEL W A L D M A N ^
SUBJECT:
ATTACHED BOOKLET BY NORM ORNSTEIN
I told Norm Omstein I would circulate this booklet. It's quite interesting - and has a
very good set of charts on trends in campaign finance (see especially the ones on pages 11 and
14).
�Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
��3^
�Im n ]. Onti
r a
r se
n
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Michael Waldman
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Michael Waldman was Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1995-1999. His responsibilities were writing and editing nearly 2,000 speeches, which included four State of the Union speeches and two Inaugural Addresses. From 1993 -1995 he served as Special Assistant to the President for Policy Coordination.</p>
<p>The collection generally consists of copies of speeches and speech drafts, talking points, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, handwritten notes, articles, clippings, and presidential schedules. A large volume of this collection was for the State of the Union speeches. Many of the speech drafts are heavily annotated with additions or deletions. There are a lot of articles and clippings in this collection.</p>
<p>Due to the size of this collection it has been divided into two segments. Use links below for access to the individual segments:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+1">Segment One</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+2">Segment Two</a></p>
Creator
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Michael Waldman
Office of Speechwriting
Date
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1993-1999
Identifier
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2006-0469-F
Extent
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Segment One contains 1071 folders in 72 boxes.
Segment Two contains 868 folders in 66 boxes.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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CFR [Campaign Finance Reform] - Misc. [Miscellaneous] 1997
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 38
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36404"> Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7763296">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0469-F Segment 2
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
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Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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6/3/2015
Source
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7763296
42-t-7763296-20060469F-Seg2-038-010-2015