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DOCUMENT NO.
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SUBJFXmiTLE
DATE
Phil Caplan to John Podesta, et al.; RE: Fast Track (1 page)
02/11/1998
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COLLECTION:
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�rn i. w I I n i: 111>i s i:
W A s 11 I \ (; | • () .\
February 11, 1998
TO:
John Podesta
Gene Sperling
Secretary Rubin
Larry Stein
FR:
Phil C a p l a t f ^
Attached is a "white paper" outlining several Administration
initiatives relating to fast track. It's my understanding from
Dan Tarullo and Bob Kyi that, in order to ftilfill a commitment
made to Sen. Daschle last fall, we committed to having the
President send the paper to the Cabinet whether fast track
passed or not.
Erskine asked me to ask you specifically to read through the
paper to see if you're comfortable with everything in it - it is
several months old now. That is, has anything changed that
would prevent this from being sent? Bob Kyi tells me it
cleared an interagency process in the fall.
I'll wait to hear from you. Thanks.
�762 1
I I I li. W H I T E H O U S E
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF LABOR
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
SUBJECT:
I n i t i a t i v e s R e l a t i n g t o Worker Rights and t h e
Environment
A t t a c h e d i s a l i s t o f v a r i o u s i n i t i a t i v e s I support t h a t have
been designed t o promote worker r i g h t s and p r o t e c t t h e
environment.
A c c o r d i n g l y , I i n s t r u c t my A d m i n i s t r a t i o n t o take a l l a p p r o p r i a t e
s t e p s t o implement such i n i t i a t i v e s .
Attachment
Tab 1
Executive
Initiatives
�Tab I
�STATEMENT OF EXECUTIVE INITIATIVES
The renewal of (radilional trade negotiating authority will enable the United States to continue
to assume the leadership role in breaking down trade barriers and opening markets -- creating
new opportunities for our workers and our companies. By fostering a close partnership
between the President and the Congress, this authority also ensures that the United States
speaks with a united, bipartisan voice in pursuing our international trade agenda.
Even as we use this authority to negotiate strong new trade agreements, we need to ensure that
our trade agenda complements and reinforces other important policy objectives -- as it always
has done. These goals include helping promote greater attention by other countries to the
protection of the environment and worker rights. Because of American leadership, we already
have witnessed significant progress in both areas. Maintaining and extending this progress
depends on our continued economic leadership role, which in tum is dependent on the renewal
of our traditional trade negotiating authority. Failing to do so not only will deny us the ability
to attack foreign trade barriers and create new jobs at home, but also will ensure that we are
not positioned to help advance environmental protection and promotion of worker rights in
other countries.
Greater intemational attention to labor and environmental issues is integral to our efforts to see
that all workers have the opportunity to compete and win in the global marketplace. It also
helps serve as an important reminder lhat the ultimate rationale for freer, expanded trade is to
create additional wealth and, by so doing, to improve the living conditions of workers both in
the United States and abroad. U.S. leadership in this regard also affords a clear example to
the rest of the world that protecting the environment and worker rights helps contribute to
increased economic growth and prosperity.
The initiatives described below complement the provisions on labor and the environment in the
"fast track" legislation now under consideration in the Senate and House of Representatives.
They demonstrate that we should work to promote stronger protection of the environment and
worker rights in a variety of ways in a variety of fora; indeed, they reveal that trade
negotiations may not always afford the best venue for achieving these important objectives.
These initiatives are fully consistent with our goal of expanding international trade. By
remaining active here, the United States can help ensure that protection of the environment and
promotion of worker rights are in step with trade liberalization. Our leadership position grants
us both an opportunity and a challenge: to ensure that trade expansion and improved protection
of the environment and worker rights are mutually supportive, and together contribute to
economic growth, higher standards of living, and a higher quality of life both in the United
States and abroad.
�I. Environmenml Issues
A World Trade Orgamzanon (WTO): Transparency and Openness
This Administration has long been commuted to improving ihe transparency of WTO
activities and ihe openness of WTO proceedings, and wc will be continuing our active pursuit
of these goals in the coming year. First, to demonstrate the significance we attach to this
issue, (he Administration's fast track bill included a principal negotiating objective of
achieving the observance of open and equitable procedures by U.S. trading partners and WTO
members. Second, we will present our transparency objectives with respect to WTO activities
and proceedings at a meeting of the WTO General Council (the WTO's governing body)
before the end of the year. Third, we will adopt increased transparency, openness and public
participation as priority objectives for the mandated review of the WTO dispute settlement
rules and procedures that must be completed by WTO Members by the end of 1998.
The specific objectives that we will pursue in suppon of greater openness and
transparency in dispute settlement include:
•
Advocating consideration by WTO panels and the Appellate Body of amicus curiae
submissions from non-governmental interested parties in dispute settlement
proceedings that involve environmental and conservation issues.
•
Seeking to open WTO dispute settlement panel and Appellate Body proceedings to
observance by the public.
•
Providing for more timely public access to dispute settlement documents, including
through electronic means, to enhance the ability of non-governmental
representatives to provide their input and expertise.
In addition, we will work to ensure that similar transparency and openness provisions
are included in future trade agreements — whether multilateral, regional, or bilateral -- that
contain dispute settlement provisions.
B. WTO: Eminem Persons Group
We strongly support .efforts to improve the understanding of how environmental
considerations relate to WTO mles and principles. We believe that establishment of an
"eminent persons group" can advance that process significantly and help establish the
groundwork for further initiatives in this area. To that end:
•
We will propose that the WTO Director General convene a group of eminent
persons, to include independent experts in the fields of irade, the environment, and
development, to examine issues and formulate options lor the WTO to consider.
�We will propose dial the group examine the interaction ot national and mternatioHal
environmental policies with WTO rules and principles. Among the issues it should
address are: the relationship of GATT Articles III and XX to environmental
measures that affect trade; the relationship between trade measures in international
environmental agreements and WTO rules; and the relationship between trade
disciplines and ecolabelmg.
C. International Financial Institutions (IFls)
We intend to build upon and expand our efforts to promote incorporation by the IFls of
the full range of environmental issues into their operations and promote a greater flow of
resources to environmental projects. In an effort to achieve these goals, the following specific
steps will be taken:
•
Secretary Rubin will propose that the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
create an independent advisory committee comprised of senior IDB officials,
representatives of non-governmental organizations, and others to examine
environmental issues arising from prospective operations and to make specific
recommendations to the IDB.
•
We will press for significant increases in direct lending for environment and natural
resources management projects (in the IDB such funding rose to $815 million in
1996 due in large part to our advocacy) and for a higher share of lending to be
dedicated to these projects.
•
We will continue to semtimze closely the effectiveness of public information
disclosure for environmentally sensitive projects to ensure compliance with the
existing law, focusing on the required advance consultation with affected and
interested persons.
•
We will examine closely the practices of the independent inspection panels
established to examine alleged non-compliance with established policies and
propose improvements to this process and its expansion to the IFls that currently do
not make use of independent inspection panels.
•
We will pursue vigorously international support for our proposal to create a $250
million fund that would provide below market rate loans to finance environmental
initiatives.
We will continue to urge (he IMF, as appropriate, in its program design and annual
consultations with members io consider the link between the environment and
economic policy choices.
�Please note also the environmental dimensions ot the review ot future tree trade agreement
partners, described below at 11(A)
H. Labor Issues
In the labor area, the Administration supports a range of initiatives designed to
strengthen the respect for core labor standards. We already have taken a number of imponant
steps to broaden international respect for freedom of association, the right to organize and
bargain collectively, prohibitions on forced labor and exploitative child labor, and discrimination
in employment. The list of measures that follows illustrates our commitment to address worker
rights issues aggressively in a variety of ways
A. Review of Future Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners
The Administration is committed to ensuring that Congress and the American public
have an opponunity to thoroughly evaluate future free trade agreements. One imponant
element of this plan is our commitment to make certain that Members of Congress and the
public are informed of the broader relevant conditions in prospective FTA partner countnes,
including each country's labor laws and practices, environmental laws and practices, legal
system, macroeconomic policies and conditions, trade laws and practices, and other relevant
conditions To advance this effon:
•
We will submit to the Congress, and make available to the American public, a
review evaluating these conditions in each prospective FTA partner country
when an agreement is brought back for congressional approval. This review
will be prepared with the participation of relevant Executive Branch agencies,
including the Depanment of Labor, the Environmental Protection Agency , the
Department of Justice, the Department of Treasury, the Office of the United
States Trade Representative, and the Depanment of Commerce.
•
Among the matters this review will address are (1) the FTA partner country's
relevant labor and environmental laws, including the enforcement of those laws,
(2) the integrity and effectiveness of the country's legal system, (3) the country's
macroeconomic policies and practices, including the operation of its exchange
rate system, and (4) a description of the country 's institutional structures and
general policies and practices for addressing each of these areas
�B. Labor Depanment Annual Report on Labor Conditions under ihe North American
Agreement on Labor Cooperation
1
We believe that a greater understanding of the labor conditions in our NAFTA partners
will allow us to build on the work already being done under the North American Agreement
on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) and, at the same time, strengthen the NAALC's own
effectiveness in addressing relevant labor issues. To aid in this objective:
•
The Department of Labor will produce an annual report reviewing for each NAFTA
partner the labor laws, practices, and conditions covered by the NAALC, as well
as the relevant proceedings, actions and cases under the NAALC, and the steps
being taken by our NAFTA partners to conform to the findings in any such cases.
C. Intemational Financial Institutions (IFls)
The Administration will undertake a series of measures designed to enhance the U.S.
leadership role in pressing for incorporation of issues related to core labor standards into the
planning and programs of the IFls. The following measures will help enhance attention to
these issues within the U.S. Govemment, secure a greater international focus on worker rights
issues, and heighten the priority given to worker rights issues by the IFls:
Efisuring International Focus on Worker Rights Issues
•
The Administration believes the United States should continue to heighten attention
to this issue To that end, Secretary Rubin highlighted the need to place greater
emphasis on labor standards in his speech at the World Bank/IMF Annual Meeting in
September He will continue to do so in appropriate fora
•
We will propose a summit meeting of the presidents of the IFls and the Director
General of the LLO to reinforce the commitment of the institutions to working closely
together
Enhanced Focus Within the Administration
•
In consultation with Secretary of Labor Herman, Secretary of the Treasury Rubin
will propose formation of an interagency team -- including the Departments of Labor,
State, and Commerce -- to explore issues related to core labor standards more
broadly and examine ways to incorporate these issues more systematically into the
work of the TFIs As pan of this, the State Department will undertake a variety of
diplomatic eflbns to promote observance of core labor standards
�Heightening
the Priority given by the I his tn Worker Rights
Issues
•
We will call for the World Bank to establish an office that is dedicated to analysis of
labor issues and has direct input into the Bank's program and lending activities, and
will encourage regular direct contacts between LLO staff and this ofTice We will
seek over time to pattern this effort on the institutional reforms undertaken by the
Bank in recent years to strengthen its capacity to incorporate environmental
considerations in lending and policy advisory activities
•
We will continue to promote vigorously our proposal to develop a screening
mechanism -- now under discussion with the multilateral development banks -- to
ensure that worker rights issues are taken systematically into account in the
institutions' operational planning and programming We also will explore the best
means for ensuring that IFI budgets contain resources sufficient to conduct screening
operations and similar analytical functions
•
We will actively promote the Administration's proposed joint World Bank-IMF
conference on issues related to core labor standards in an effort to pursue explicit
commitments to make tangible progress in the CFls on these issues The conference
could bring together senior [Fl and [LO officials, as well as academics and
representatives of non-governmental organizations.
•
We will urge the multilateral development banks to increase both technical assistance
and direct lending to promote greater adherence to core labor standards
•
We will urge the [MF to further emphasize the importance of labor issues in its
annual reviews of member countries and by examining the link between promotion of
core labor standards and long-term macroeconomic performance (for possible
inclusion in its new governance policies)
•
We will follow up vigorously on the paper completed, at our urging, by the World
Bank on child labor issues, including its specific proposals for more active Bank
engagement on these issues
•
We will continue to implement the statutory requirement directing the Secretary of
the Treasury to urge the IFls to adopt policies encouraging borrowing countries to
protect worker rights and requiring an annual report to Congress on how the IFls are
performing
�P. Expon Processing Zones
i
The U.S. Government has been concerned over the past several years with programs
(hrough which certain countries apply lower labor standards and permit less adequate worker
protections in special tariff-free export processing zones (EPZs). We are committed to
developing a clearer understanding of such programs and. in so doing, exploring the best
means for addressing the concerns that already have been identified and any others that may be
highlighted through additional study of EPZs. To accomplish this:
•
The Department of Labor will update its 1990 study finding lhat some countries
applied different rules in such zones with the intent of restricting certain important
labor sundards, including the freedom of association and the right to bargain
collectively.
We will continue to encourage work within the ILO to analyze the extent to which
differential standards exist in such zones, and will urge the ILO to work with
member states to address these practices. We also will review whether to
recommend increased coordination on this issue between the ILO and the WTO.
E. Child Labor
The Administration has focused particular attention on addressing concerns about the
exploitation of child labor Since 1993, we have responded to congressional concerns by
preparing three major reports on child labor practices, and have used these reports to aid the
private sector in developing voluntary codes of conduct, labeling efforts, and production changes
in overseas facilities Innovative approaches in this area also include technical assistance to help
developing countries eliminate exploitative child labor; pressing successfully for a greater ILO
focus on exploitative child labor, using U S laws to suspend trade benefits in response to
persistent exploitative child labor practices; and holding two workshops in 1997 with our
NAFTA partners to discuss child labor concerns in North America To build on these efforts:
•
The Labor Department will soon release a founh report on actions being taken
internationally to combat child labor and other exploitative working conditions.
The Department also expects to begin a fifth report evaluating strategies that
have been undertaken in other countries to reduce exploitative child labor.
•
The Administration supported the recent enactment of a change in the Tariff Act
of 1930 to clarify that products of forced or bonded child labor can be excluded
from entry into the United States The Depanment of the Treasury is establishing
a task force to assure that the Administration can effectively respond to any
allegations raised under the new law
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WHY AMERICA WON'T GET ITS FAIR SHARE OF J O B S WITHOUT FAST TRAC
America needs fast track to continue to create higher-paying Jobs for more
Americans.
Without it, America's role as the largest exporter in the world will be
put in jeopardy. And with more markets opening around the world, it is now more
important than ever to give the President traditional trade authority to break down
trade barriers for American goods and services.
The U.S. needs to maintain its leadership role in opening markets through tough,
fair trade agreements.
•
Since 1992, 49 states have
experienced an increase in overall goods exports and 45 states have
experienced an increase in jobs supported by trade.
•
46 states have higher exports to Mexico and 47 states have higher
exports to Japan.
In the upcoming WTO negotiations, President Clinton needs fast track to have the
flexibility to negotiate agreements in agriculture, commercial services and
government procurement. In each of these areas, the U.S. is the most competitive
nation in the world and stands to benefit the most from writing the rules of trade.
AGRICULTURE
The U.S. is the world's largest agricultural exporting country -- shipping a record
$60 billion in exports abroad. In 1996, total world agricultural exports totaled $600
billion. U.S. exports accounted for only 1 0 % of that -- $60 billion.
•
U.S. agricultural exports support nearly a million jobs and this number
is rising. Since 1990, the value of U.S. agricultural exports has
increased by $20 billion, or nearly 5 0 % . Each week last year, on
average, American producers and processors shipped out more than
$1.1 billion in farm and food products to foreign markets.
•
Last year, our agricultural exports were twice the level of our
agricultural imports -- a claim no other industry sector can make.
Dollar for dollar, we export more corn than coal, more wheat than
steel, more meat than aluminum and more fruits and vegetables than
CD's, records, and tapes. U.S. exports are growing more than three
times as fast as domestic demand for foods.
•
U.S. agriculture will pay a price if fast track is not granted.
t®More than 30 bilateral and regional trade agreements are already
operating here in the Western Hemisphere, and the U.S. is party
to only one -- NAFTA. While these preferential trade
p ge 1
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agreements multiply, the U.S. share of the region's total
agricultural imports is declining,
Chile has already signed trade agreements with Bolivia,
Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela, MERCOSUR and most
recently Canada. The U.S. has already lost an estimated $500
million in exports to other countries that have duty preferences
already in place.
Chilean fresh fruit pays a 2 % duty when entering Venezuela
(due to the Chile-Venezuela FTA) whereas American producers
pay a 1 5% tariff. The U.S. Embassy estimates that the U.S.
market share would grow from its current 3 9 % to 6 7 % if U.S.
producers had equivalent access to the Venezuelan market.
Without fast track, the U.S. will lack credibility to push for a fast start on WTO
agricultural negotiations scheduled to start at the end of 1999. Agriculture remains
one of the most protected and subsidized sectors in the world economy. American
exports still continue to face trade barriers through high tariffs and preferential
trade deals that exclude the U.S. Already, since 1992, in Latin America and Asia
alone, our competitors have negotiated 20 trade agreements that do not include the
United States.
The best way we can continue to increase our agricultural exports and create
more higher-paying jobs is through broad negotiations where the U.S. has the
ability to seek additional commitments from other countries to reduce their
barriers to American agriculture.
COMMERCIAL SERVICES
Exports of services by U.S. firms supported an estimated 3.9 million U.S. jobs in
1 9 9 6 . U.S. service exports have more than doubled over the last ten years,
increasing $1 35 billion since 1 987 and $84 billion since 1990 to $250 billion in
1996. In 1995, U.S. service exports accounted for 1 6 % of global service exports;
our closest competitors that year were France (8%) and Germany, Italy, Japan and
the U.K. (between 5% and 6%).
•
U.S. exports to emerging markets have grown at impressive rates:
nearly 3 0 % to China, Taiwan and Korea; and over 2 0 % to Hong Kong
and Argentina. The U.S. also exported over $1 billion in 1995 to the
emerging markets of Argentina, Brazil, China, Hong Kong, the
Philippines, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.
•
Service exports are estimated to reach $300 billion by 2 0 0 5 and $ 3 5 0
billion by 2 0 1 0 . With the expanding electronic commerce market, the
growth trend in the service sector may easily surpass these estimates.
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For example, look at the health care services industry. In 1994,
exports reached $812 million. The industry is estimated to grow to
$1.03 billion by 1998 and continue its growth to $1.4 billion by 2 0 0 2 .
*
•
Unless negotiated away, barriers will inhibit increased U.S. service
exports. In Korea, a number of service sectors remain restrictive for
foreign investment, including audio-visual services, insurance,
telecommunications and advertising. Brazil has restrictive investment
laws, lack of transparency in administrative procedures and limits on
foreign capital participation. Distribution in the domestic market is
restricted in Indonesia.
Fast track will strengthen U.S. efforts to reduce trade barriers and expand
these international markets which are key to maintaining U.S.
competitiveness and innovation.
GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
•
In 1 9 9 6 , government procurement totaled $ 2 0 0 billion in U.S. exports
in 1996 in a total world market of $ 6 0 0 billion. Sectors relating to
government procurement include civil aircraft, which supports over
4 5 0 , 0 0 0 high-wage jobs, energy equipment supporting 3 5 0 , 0 0 0
workers, environmental technologies and services supporting 1.3
million workers and medical equipment employing over 2 6 0 , 0 0 0
workers.
Civil Aircraft
•
One out of every two civil aircraft manufactured in the U.S. is exported.
Asia has become the fastest growing foreign market for U.S. civil aircraft,
accounting for about 4 5 % of U.S. civil aircraft exports in 1996. Korea is in
the midst of a major civil aviation expansion - a ten year procurement
program plans the purchase of some 2 3 0 aircraft worth about $20 billion.
With ASEAN, there is a large and growing demand for airport and ground
support equipment. The Philippines has initiated a $3 billion reflect and
modernization program. Almost all of Thailand's demand must be met by
imports.
•
High tariffs and government subsidization are major barriers. Low and
middle income country tariffs range from 3 to 4 0 % while the U.S. has
no tariffs.
�•
Competition isn't waiting for U.S. leadership. Canada is competitive in
Latin America, especially in the business and regional jet aircraft
sectors. Canada already has a Free Trade Agreement with Chile which
will provide a three percentage point tariff advantage over U.S.
suppliers by 1997. This tariff deferential, which will increase to 11
percentage points when the FTA is fully implemented, provides the
Canadian industry a significant advantage in certain segments of the
market.
Energy Equipment
•
Since 1 9 9 0 , U.S. exports of energy equipment have doubled reaching
$ 1 5 . 5 billion in 1996 with a trade surplus of $6.5 billion. U.S. exports
to the big emerging markets, China and FTAA countries more than
doubled since 1 9 9 0 . Exports account for an estimated 3 4 % of the
U.S. industry's product shipments. By 2 0 0 5 , energy equipment
exports are expected to exceed domestic shipments.
•
The demand for energy in low and middle income countries is
expected to grow at more than twice the rate of industrialized
countries. Thailand is expected to invest $22 billion in new power
plants; Indonesia is spending $40 billion developing a natural gas field;
China and India represent even larger potential markets as each
country attempts to meet increasing demand.
•
Competition doesn't wait for U.S. leadership. MERCOSUR countries
are in the process of privatizing the electricity sector and expect
increased demand for generation and distribution equipment. Imports
supply approximately one-fifth of the equipment demand, and the U.S.
supplies one-third of that. Yet, with tariffs ranging up to 2 4 % , U.S.
companies will be at a significant disadvantage if other countries are
given preferential access.
With U.S., German and Japanese companies providing almost equal
shares of energy equipment in world markets, any preferential access
to low and middle income countries by our competitors will hurt U.S.
workers and companies.
•
Fast track will strengthen U.S. efforts to reduce trade barriers and
expand these international markets which are key to maintaining U.S.
competitiveness and innovation.
Environmental Technologies and Services
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U.S. ET exports increased 2 6 % from $11.5 billion in 1994 to $ 1 4 . 5
billion in 1995 -- making the U.S. the world's largest supplier. Growth
in exports was responsible for 4 0 % of the $7.5 billion in 1995
environmental technology industry growth. The global market is
projected to grow from about $440 billion in 1995 to approximately
$600 billion by the year 2 0 1 0 . While the U.S. enjoys over $14 billion
in environmental exports only 8 % of the U.S. environmental industry's
revenue comes from exports. Major competitors, such as Germany and
Japan, export in excess of 2 0 % .
•
Opportunities abound for U.S. environmental technology. The market
in Indonesia exceeds $1.3 billion of which $300 million is from the
U.S.). Thailand's market exceeds $1 billion (U.S. exports account for
two-fifths of that) and could double over the next five years.
Malaysia's market is around $700 million and is expected to grow at
1 5-20% per year through 2 0 0 0 .
•
Competition doesn't wait for U.S. leadership. $10 billion in new
investment is expected through the year 2 0 0 0 in Brazil. U.S. exports
last year amounted to about $100 million. Tariffs range up to 1 8 % ,
although MERCOSUR partners receive duty free treatment and other
Latin American countries receive a 6 0 % duty reduction.
Medical Equipment
•
Total medical device exports reached $11 billion in 1996 -- a 1 4 % rise
from 1995. Exports as a share of industry shipments were 2 0 % in
1 990 and are expected to be 3 0 % by 2 0 0 5 . Since 1 9 9 0 , U.S.
medical devices exports to China, ASEAN and the other big emerging
markets (excluding Mexico) doubled, reaching $2 billion in 1996.
Thailand's medical device market exceeds $600 million, and
Indonesia's market has been growing by over 1 0 % annually. Malaysia
has budgeted $1.4 billion this year to upgrade health care quality, and
Singapore has over $500 million earmarked for redevelopment
projects.
•
The industry faces tough barriers in low and middle income countries
which include approval procedures for imported devices; government
health care reimbursement policies which discriminate against U.S.
products; and non-transparent government procurement policies.
MERCOSUR countries are developing import and standard regulations
which will negatively impact U.S. medical device manufactures.
Fast track will strengthen U.S. efforts to reduce trade barriers and expand
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these international markets which are key to maintaining U.S.
competitiveness and innovation.
•
The vast majority of low and middle-income countries have not signed
the WTO Government Procurement Code and the United States cannot
negotiate government procurement obligations in plurilateral
negotiations.
•
Current WTO negotiations on establishing elements of a transparency
agreement offer the opportunity to secure more transparency in
foreign government bids, to the benefit of U.S. firms and workers.
Page 6
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Michael Waldman
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Michael Waldman was Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1995-1999. His responsibilities were writing and editing nearly 2,000 speeches, which included four State of the Union speeches and two Inaugural Addresses. From 1993 -1995 he served as Special Assistant to the President for Policy Coordination.</p>
<p>The collection generally consists of copies of speeches and speech drafts, talking points, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, handwritten notes, articles, clippings, and presidential schedules. A large volume of this collection was for the State of the Union speeches. Many of the speech drafts are heavily annotated with additions or deletions. There are a lot of articles and clippings in this collection.</p>
<p>Due to the size of this collection it has been divided into two segments. Use links below for access to the individual segments:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+1">Segment One</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+2">Segment Two</a></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Michael Waldman
Office of Speechwriting
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-1999
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0469-F
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
Segment One contains 1071 folders in 72 boxes.
Segment Two contains 868 folders in 66 boxes.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
WTO [World Trade Organization]: Daschle - Fast Track
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 30
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36404"> Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7763296">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0469-F Segment 2
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
6/3/2015
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
7763296
42-t-7763296-20060469F-Seg2-030-010-2015