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Page 001
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 2053 1
To:
•<
<*
THE WHITE HOUSE
f o r Speech W r i t i n g
Wednesday, December 23, 1998 5:26:34 PM
U
Fax No.:
From:
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Phone Number:
Stuart Smith, 202-307-0784
Fax Number:
202-307-5846
Name/address/fax number change: Fax to 202-307-5846, Attention: D. Oliphant
Subject:
Following is a 2-page press release and selected pages (1-9) for
Criminal Victimization 1997: Changes 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97,
embargoed for release at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Sunday,
December 27, 1998.
If you do not receive all 12 pages of this fax, call the BJS fax-on-demand
number, 301-519-5550, follow the prompts and use order number—
138 for the press release (2 pages)
139 for the full report (16 pages).
The full 12-pagc report and press release will be on the BJS web site Sunday,
Dec. 27, at 4:30 EST at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cv97.htm
Questions: 202-307-0784
Total pages including cover page: 12
After hours: 301-983-9354
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iBqrartmetit of justice
ADVANCE FOR RELEASE AT 4:30 P.M. EST
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27. 1998
BJS
202/307-0784
VIOLENT CRIME F E L L ALMOST 7 PERCENT LAST Y E A R
DOWN MORE THAN 21 PERCENT SINCE 1993
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The nation's violent crime rate fell almost 7 percent during 1997,
the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) announced today. It has fallen more than
21 percent since 1993. Violent crime rates began rising in the mid 1980s but have since fallen to the
lowest level since 1973, when BJS began its National Crime Victimization Survey.
There were an estimated 39 violent victimizations per 1,000 U.S. residents 12 years old and
older during 1997, compared to 42 during 1996, 50 during 1993 and 48 during 1973.
Property crimes were also at their lowest post-1973 rates. There were an estimated 248
attempted or completed property crimes per 1,000 U.S. households during 1997, compared to 266
during 1996, 319 during 1993 and 554 during 1973. Property crime rates have decreased steadily
since 1975.
The nation's murder rate fell by 8 percent during 1997, according to the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). The 18,210 murders during 1997 was 28 percent
lower than in 1993.
Robbery was the only violent crime whose rate fell significantly (down more than 17 percent)
during 1997. The simple assault rate decreased slightly. An apparent decrease in the rate for
aggravated assault was not significant. The rate for rape/sexual assault did not change from the
previous year.
And although the overall property crime rate fell during 1997, the only property crime that
decreased significantly during the year was theft (down 8 percent). Apparent changes in the rates for
household burglary and motor vehicle theft were not statistically significant.
The decreases in violent and property crime trends since 1993 were experienced by most
segments of the population. Males and females, blacks and whites and those at different income
(MORE)
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- 2levels all experienced declining violent crime and property crime rates during this period. However,
the 1997 violent crime rates for persons age 50 and older were not lower than they had been in 1993.
In 1997, as in previous years, males were more vulnerable to violent crime than females,
younger people more vulnerable than older people and blacks more vulnerable than whites. Persons
in urban areas had violent and property crime rates that were higher than the rates for suburban and
rural residents.
By region, people residing in the West had violent and property crime rates that were higher
than those for residents in the Northeast, Midwest or South.
About half of all violent crimes in 1997 were committed by someone whom the victim
knew. Victims of rape and sexual assaults were the most likely to have known the offender, and
victims of robbery were least likely.
The survey, the federal government's second largest household poll, interviewed
approximately 80,000 people in about 43,000 households twice during 1997, asking about criminal
incidents and whether or not they were reported to law enforcement agencies.
A little more than 37 percent of all crimes were reported to police (44 percent of all violent
crimes, 31 percent of rapes and sexual attacks, 56 percent of robberies and 44 percent of simple and
aggravated assaults). Motor vehicle theft was the most reported (80 percent), primarily because of
insurance considerations. The survey's estimates of the number of crimes reported to law
enforcement agencies are consistent with the FBI's UCR data, both in terms ofthe levels and
changes since 1996.
The survey report, "Criminal Victimization 1997, Changes 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97"
(NCJ 173385), was written by BJS statistician Michael Rand. Single copies may be obtained
from the BJS fax-on-demand system by dialing 301/519-5550, listening to the complete menu and
selecting document number 139. Or call the BJS Clearinghouse number: 1-800-732-3277. Fax
orders for mail dehvery to 410/792-4358. The BJS Internet site is:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/
Additional criminal justice materials can be obtained from the Office of Justice PrograrrLs
homepage at:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov
###
After hours contact: Stu Smith at 301/983-9354
BJS99025 (D)
002
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Page 00
U.S. Department of Justice
OM ice of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
National Crime Victimization Survey
December 1998, NCJ 173385
Criminal Victimization 1997
Changes 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97
By Michael Rand
BJS Statistician
Americans age 12 or older experienced
fewer violent and property crimes in
1997 than in any other year since the
1973 inception o f t h e National Crime
Victimization Survey (NCVS). In 1997
as measured by the survey, U.S.
residents age 12 or older experienced
almost 35 million criminal victimizations, down from about 44 million such
crimes experienced in 1973 * The
1997 estimate was also a decrease
from almost 37 million violent and
property victimizations in 1996.
Of the crimes in 1997, 8.6 million
involved the violent crimes of rape,
sexual assault, robbery, and assault;
25 8 million involved the property
crimes of theft, household burglary,
and motor vehicle theft; and 0.4 million
involved personal thefts such as purse
snatching.
In 1997 there were 39 violent victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or
older, down significantly from the 42
per 1,000 in 1996. The 1997 property
crime rate of 248 per 1,000 households
was lower than the 266 per 1,000
households experienced in 1996.
These declines continued a general
downward trend in criminal victimization that began in 1995.
'Estimates from before 1993 were adjusted following the 1992 NCVS redesign.
The trends reported in this Bulletin
encompass 1993 through 1997. The
initial year was the first in which the
redesigned NCVS used a full sample
of households. Compared to 1993
rates, the 1997 victimization rates
for every type of violent and property
crime measured by the NCVS showed
a significant decrease. Between 1993
and 1997 the violent crime rate
declined by 2 1 % , and the property
crime rate fell by 22%.
Highlights
• The NCVS property and violent
crime rates are the lowest recorded
since the survey's inception in 1973 *
• The downward trend in violent
victimization begun in 1994-95 continued in 1997.
• In 1997, violent crime rates were
2 1 % lower than they had been in
1993. Property crime rates were 22%
below 1993 property crime rates.
• The recent decreasing violent and
property crime trends were experienced by most segments of the
population. However, in 1997 the
violent victimization rates for persons
age 50 and older were no lower than
they had been in 1993.
• The violent and property crime rates
each declined by 7% in 1996-97.
*After adjusting rates following the
1992 NCVS redesign.
• The murder rate declined 8%
between 1996 and 1997.
• In 1997 as in past years, males and
younger people were more vulnerable
to violent crime victimization than
females and older persons, respectively. Blacks experienced higher
violent crime rates than whites or
persons of other races.
• In 1997 as in previous years, males
experienced higher victimization rates
than females for all violent crimes
except rape/sexual assault.
• In 1997, 4 of 10 violent and
property crimes were reported to
police. Females and blacks were
more likely to report a violent crime to
police than were males and whites.
• About half of all violent crimes in
1997 were committed by someone
whom the victim knew.
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reported to police. The Uniform Crime
Reports (UCR) program of the FBI
collects data on murder and nonnegligent manslaughter.
Criminal victimization, 1996-97
Violent crime
The NCVS collects data on nonfatal
violent crimes against persons age 12
and older, both reported and not
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From 1996 to 1997, the murder rate
declined by 8% and the violent crime
rate fell by 7%. Of the violent crimes
measured by the NCVS, only robbery
showed a significant decline from
1996, while simple assault was down
slightly (table 1 and figure 1). For
aggravated assault the apparent
decline was not statistically significant.
Change in violent victimization by category, 1996-97
Violent crime categories
ranked by 1997 rates
per 1,000 population
age 12 or over
Total violent 39 2
Probability that the true percent
change In violent victimization
is within the range
T
Best estimate
•
Crime types
mm-:::.
Simple assault 24 9
68%
90%
95%
Probability that a
change occurred
• Greater than 95%
• Greater than 90%
• Less than 90%
Aggravated assault 8 6
Robbery 4.3
Rape and sexual assault 1.4
Murder* .07
—i
-40%
-20%
Decrease
0%
No
change
1
20%
Increase
Note: The change in murder rates is presented as a point since the
source of the data, the Uniform Crime Reports, is not a sample survey.
For further explanation of the graph, see the BJS
Technical Report. Displaying Violent Crime Trends
The figure s h o w s the
estimated annual percentage
c h a n g e in v i c t i m i z a t i o n r a t e s
f r o m 1 9 9 6 to 1 9 9 7 f o r t h e
c a t e g o r i e s that c o m p r i s e
violent crime: homicide, rape
and sexual assault, aggravated assault, simple assault,
and robbery. The crime
categories are displayed vertic a l l y a c c o r d i n g to their 1 9 9 7
r a t e s p e r 1,000 p o p u l a t i o n
a g e 12 or o l d e r . T o t a l v i o l e n t
( t h e s u m of all t y p e s ) is first
Figure >
2
Criminal
Victimization
1997
Using
with the highest rate, a n d
m u r d e r is last w i t h t h e l o w e s t
rate.
40%
Estimates from the National Crime Victimization Survey,
NCJ-167881.
' T h e murder rates were tor all ages.
Sources: BJS, National Crime Victimization Survey, and FBI,
Unitorm Crime Reports.
If a b a r is c l e a r of t h e " N o
c h a n g e " line, w e a r e
reasonably certain a change
occurred.
If a b a r c r o s s e s t h e
Because the National Crime
" N o c h a n g e " l i n e , t h e r e is a
V i c t i m i z a t i o n S u r v e y relies o n
possibility that there w a s no
a s a m p l e of h o u s e h o l d s , t h e
c h a n g e . T h e d e g r e e of
r a t e s a n d n u m b e r s f r o m it a r e
certainty d e p e n d s on w h e r e
e s t i m a t e s a n d a r e not e x a c t .
t h e b a r c r o s s e s t h e line.
Each bar s h o w s the range
bars representing the crime
within which the true percent
categories w h e r e a statisti-
c h a n g e in r a t e s f r o m y e a r to
cally significant year-to-year
y e a r is likely to fall.
change occurred are outlined.
The
T h e l e n g t h of t h e r a n g e b a r s
varies considerably from
c r i m e to c r i m e , d e p e n d e n t
o n s a m p l e s i z e a n d rarity
of t h e e v e n t . T h e v a l u e for
the c h a n g e in h o m i c i d e r a t e s
is g i v e n a s a p o i n t a n d not a
r a n g e of e s t i m a t e s b e c a u s e
h o m i c i d e rates a r e d e r i v e d
from nonsample data. The
murder rates have no
v a r i a n c e , but s o m e d i s c r e p a n cies exist b e t w e e n U C R rates
a n d V i t a l S t a t i s t i c s of t h e
N a t i o n a l C e n t e r for H e a l t h
Statistics.
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Murder ana nonnegligent
manslaughter
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Table 1. Criminal victimization, 1996-97
In 1997 there were 6.8 murders per
100,000 inhabitants. This represents
an 8% decline from the previous year.
The decrease was apparent across all
sizes of cities and regions (See the
box on page 6.)
Violent crime measured
by the NCVS
Overall violent crime measured by the
NCVS declined from 1996-97. There
was a statistically significant decrease
in the rate of robbery. The rate of
simple assault victimizations declined
marginally due to a slight decrease in
simple assault without injury. For
completed rape, an apparent increase
was not significant, nor were apparent
declines in attempted rape and aggravated assault when threatened with a
weapon.
The apparent 1996-97 increase in
personal theft, comprising pocket
picking and purse snatching, was not
statistically significant.
Among demographic groups
examined, only for males, nonHispanics, and Midwesterners were
the 1996-97 declines in violent crime
statistically significant, while for whites
the decline was marginally significant.
Numbsr of violent crimes per
Victimization rates (per 1,000
persons age 12 or older per
Number of victimiza- 1,000 households).
Percent change,
tions n.OOO's)
Type of c r i m e
All c r i m e s
Personal c r i m e s '
Crimes of violence
Completed violence
Attempted/threatened violence
Rape/Sexual assault
Rape/attempted rape
Rape
Attempted rape
Sexual assault
Robbery
Completed/property taken
With injury
Without injury
Attempted to take property
With injury
Without injury
Assault
Aggravated
With injury
Threatened with weapon
Simple
With minor injury
Without injury
Personal theft"
Property c r i m e s
Housshold burglary
Completed
Forcible entry
Unlawful entry without force
Attempted forcible entry
Motor vehicle theft
Completed
Attempted
Theft
Completed"
Less than $50
$50-$249
$250 or more
Attempted
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996-97
36,796
34,788
9,443
9,125
2,700
6,425
307
197
98
99
110
1,134
757
250
508
377
79
298
7,683
1,910
513
1.397
5,773
1,240
4,533
318
8,971
8,614
2,679
5,935
311
194
115
79
117
944
607
243
363
337
73
265
7,359
1,883
595
1,288
5,476
1,258
4,218
357
43 5
42.0
12.4
29.6
1.4
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.5
5.2
3.5
1.1
2.3
1.7
0.4
1.4
35.4
8 8
2.4
6.4
26.6
5.7
20.9
1.5
40 8
39.2
12.2
27.0
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.5
4 3
2.8
1.1
1.7
1.5
0 3
1.2
33.5
86
2.7
5 9
24.9
5.7
19.2
16
-6.2%-6.7*
-1.6
-8.8'
0
0
25.0
-20.0
0
-17.3*
-20.0'
0.0
-26.1*
-11.8
-25 0
-14.3
-5.4
-23
12.5
-7 8
-6.4'
0
-8.1'
6 7
27,353
4,845
4,056
1,511
2,545
789
1,387
938
449
21,120
20,303
7,580
7,374
4.216
818
25,817
4,635
3,893
1,497
2,396
742
1,433
1,007
426
19,749
18,960
7,218
6,680
3,955
789
266.3
47.2
39.5
14.7
24.8
7 7
13 5
9.1
4.4
205.7
197.7
73.6
71.8
41 1
8.0
248.3
44.6
37.4
14.4
23.0
7.1
13.8
9.7
4.1
189.9
1823
69.4
64.2
38.0
7.6
-6.8%"
-5 5
-5 3
-2 0
-7.3
-7.8
2.2
6.6
-6.8
-7.7*
-7.8*
-6.0'
-10.6*
-7.5'
-5 0
1,000 persons aae 12 or older
1996
1997
Male
Female
49.9
34.6
45.8*
33.0
White
Black
52.3
40.9
49.0'
38.3
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
44.0
41.6
43.1
38.3-
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
37.7
43.7
37.5
51.5
34.0
36.4"
38.1
48.4
Significant 1996-97 diflerence at *95-percent or
'90-percent confidence level.
For non-Hispanics and Midwest residents, the overall decreases in violent
crime were the result of decreases in
Note: The number of victimizations may differ from those reported previously because the
estimates are now based on data collected in each calendar year rather than data about events
within a calendar year. (See Survey methodology on page 10.) Completed violent crimes
include rape, sexual assault, robbery with or without injury, aggravated assault with injury, and
simple assault with minor injury. In 1994 the total population age 12 or older was 213,135,890;
in 1995, 215,080,690; in 1996, 217,234,280; and in 1997, 219,839.110. The total number of
households in 1994 was 100,568,060, in 1995, 101,504,820; in 1996, 102,697,490: and in 1997.
103,988,670.
. . Not calculable.
T h e difference from 1996 to 1997 is significant at the 95-percent confidence level.
•The difference from 1996 to 1997 is significant at the 90-percent confidence level.
'The NCVS is based on Interviews with victims and therefore cannot measure murder.
"Includes pocket picking, purse snatching, and attempted purse snatching not shown separately,
includes thefts with unknown losses.
robbery and simple assault, while
whites experienced a decrease in the
rate of simple assault. No demographic group examined experienced a
decline in aggravated assault.
Property crime
Household burglary, theft, and motor
vehicle theft make up the property
crimes measured by the NCVS. In the
aggregate, property crime declined 7%
between 1996 and 1997 The 8%
Changes 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97
3
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T a b l e 2. R a t e s of v i o l e n t c r i m e a n d p e r s o n a l theft, by s e x , a g e , r a c e ,
a n d H i s p a n i c origin, 1997
Characteristic
of victim
Population
Sex
Male
Female
Victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older
Violent crimes
Assault
All
Rape/
Aggracrimes of Sexual
Simple
vated
violence* assault Robbery Total
Personal
theft
106,598,660
113.240,440
45.8
33.0
0.3
2.5
6.1
2.6
39.4
27.9
10.9
6.4
28.4
21.6
1.6
17
15,701,280
15,244,130
17,648,850
40,162,600
62,604,840
36486,320
31,991,100
87.9
96.2
67 8
46.9
32.2
14.6
4.4
2.5
5.6
2.4
2.3
0,6
0 2
0.2
8.2
10 2
7.4
4.7
3.7
2 2
0.9
77.1
80.4
57.9
39.9
27 9
122
3.4
15.1
246
17.0
9.5
7.4
2.8
06
62.0
55.8
40.9
30.4
204
9.4
2.8
2.8
3.5
1.8
1.1
1.6
1.1
1.2
Race
White
Black
Other
184,617,470
26,683,380
8.538,250
38.3
49.0
28,0
14
1.6
1 1
3.8
74
5.0
33.1
39.9
21.9
8.2
12.2
6.1
24.9
27.7
15.8
1.4
3.3
0.8
Hispanic origin
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
21,163,000
196.323,060
43.1
38.3
1.5
1.4
7.3
3.9
34.3
330
10.4
8.3
24.0
24.7
2 4
1.5
"The National Crime Victimization Survey includes as violent crime
rape/sexual assault, robbery, and assault but not murder and manslaughter.
decline in thefts included at least slight
decreases in thefts at all value levels
measured: under $50, $50-$249, and
$250 or more. Apparent changes from
1996 to 1997 in the rates of household
burglary and motor vehicle theft were
not statistically significant
The decrease in property crime from
1996 to 1997 was broadly based.
Households in all types of localities and
in all regions except the South experienced less property crime in 1997,
when compared to the previous year.
(See appendix table 1, page 11.)
In 1997 while white and non-Hispanic
households were less victimized, black
and Hispanic households were victimized at about the same rate as in 1996.
Urban households and those in the
Northeast experienced less burglary in
1997 than in 1996. For non-Hispanic
households the 1997 rate was slightly
lower than in the previous year. For
no other identified category of victims
was the 1997 burglary rate lower than
the 1996 rate.
other race households and nonHispanic households were less vulnerable to theft in 1997 than in 1996, the
decline for black households and
Hispanic households was not great
enough to be statistically significant.
The decline in theft was experienced
by most, but not all, demographic
groups examined. While white and
Victimization
1997
Aggra/ated assault
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 2.)
Race of victim
Blacks were more likely than whites to
be victims of violent crime, who in turn
were more likely than those of other
races (Asians or Native Americans).
Blacks had higher rates than whites for
robbery and aggravated assault. The
apparent difference in simple assault
rates was not statistically significant.
Blacks were victims of robbery at a rate
about double that of whites.
Violail crime W S :
Robbery
By region, only in the South did the
theft rate not fall from 1996 to 1997.
Households in urban, suburban, and
rural areas all were less victimized by
theft in 1997 than in the previous year.
Aggravated assault
Smple assault
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 2.)
Characteristics of victims
of violent crime, 1997
Ethnicity of victim
While victimization rates for persons
in demographic groups fluctuate from
year to year, the characteristics of
crime victims and victimizations exhibit
a large degree of stability over time.
The demographic groups that were
in 1997 the most vulnerable to specific
violent crimes and to overall violent
victimization were, in general, also the
most vulnerable to victimization in
previous years.
Sex of victim
Criminal
Male |
|
Female
Rape'sexual assault
Robbery
Aqe
12-15
16-19
20-24
25-34
35-49
50-64
65 or older
4
than females to be victims of violent
crime. Men were twice as likely as
women to experience robbery and
were also more likely to be victims of
aggravated and simple assault.
Women sustained rape or sexual
assault at a rate about 8 times that
of men.
As in past years, except for rape and
sexual assault, males were more likely
In 1997 Hispanics were about as likely
to be victims of rape/sexual assault,
aggravated assault, and simple assault
as non-Hispanics. Only for robbery did
Hispanics experience a higher rate
than non-Hispanics.
w
assau
"
\;m^^m^M
Hispanic
Non-Hspanic
10
20
30
40
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 2.)
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Page
007
Age of victim
T a b l e 3. R a t e s o f v i o l e n t c r i m e a n d p e r s o n a l t h e f t , b y h o u s e h o l d i n c o m e ,
The patterns of violent victimization
across the age spectrum that existed
in 1996 continued to be present in
1997. Persons between ages 12 and
15 and between 16 and 19 had higher
violent crime victimization rates than
did persons age 25 or older. Persons
age 12-19 were about twice as likely as
persons age 25-34 and about 3 times
as likely as persons age 35-49 to be
victims of violent crimes. Persons age
12-19 had a violent crime victimization
rate about 20 times that of persons age
65 or older. Persons age 16-19 had a
significantly higher rate of aggravated
assault than any other age group.
marital s t a t u s , r e g i o n , a n d l o c a t i o n of r e s i d e n c e of v i c t i m s , 1997
Characteristic
of victim
Population
Household income
Less than $7,500
$7,500 - $ 1 4 , 9 9 9
$15,000 - $24,999
$25,000 - $34,999
$35,000-$49,999
$50,000 - $74,999
$75,000 or more
Victimizations per 1,000 persons aqe 12 or older
Violent crimes
PerAssault
Rape/
Aggrasonal
Sexual
Simple theft
vated
All*
assault Robbery Total
Household
10.1
7.0
4.6
4 2
2.9
3.1
3 7
55.6
42.0
34.0
34 6
35.2
30.1
26.0
13.6
11.8
104
8 2
8.6
7.2
4.7
42.0
30.3
23.6
264
266
22.8
21.4
2.7
2.0
1 7
15
1.4
1.6
1.4
Marital s t a t u s
67,650,800
Never married
113,762,150
Married
Divorced/separated 23.451 480
13,838,230
Widowed
71.5
19.0
62 8
8.0
3.0
0.3
2.8
0.3
8.3
1.7
7.3
1.0
60.1
17,0
52.7
66
15.5
4.2
13.9
1.7
44.6
12.8
38.8
5.0
2.4
1.0
2.5
1.5
41,935,440
53,268,360
78.232,420
46.402,880
34.6
36.4
38.1
48.4
12
1.3
1.4
1.7
4.1
3.4
4.4
54
29.3
31 7
32.3
41.3
5.5
8.3
8 8
11.4
23.8
23.4
23.5
29.9
2.4
1.5
1.8
0 9
64,609,030
108,671,050
46,559,030
51.2
36 3
29.2
2.0
1.2
1.1
7.4
3.4
2.1
41.3
31.7
26.0
12.4
6.9
7 3
29.4
248
18.8
2.8
1.3
0.7
"The National Crime Victimization Survey includes as violent crime
rape/sexual assault, robbery, and assault but not murder and manslaughter.
income
In general, violent crime rates are
lowest for those in higher income
brackets and highest for those in lower
income brackets (table 3). Persons in
households with an annual income of
less than $7,500 experienced significantly more violent crime than persons
in households at any other income
level, while persons in households with
incomes of $75,000 or more experienced significantly less than households with incomes below $50,000.
Annual household income
Less than $7,500 p§@&$tt9&
$7,500-514,999 [, r ' V . ' " - ' " j
$15,000-$24,999 l i l l l l l l l
5.2
2.2
1.5
1 5
0.6
0.7
1.1
Residence
Urban
Suburban
Rural
100
Rate of violent victimization
(rape, robbery, and assault)
per 1,000 persons age 12 or
older in 1997 (See table 2.)
71.0
51.2
40.1
40 2
38.7
33.9
30 7
Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Age of victim
of rape, robbery, or assault
13,085,420
23,275,460
30,729,010
28,817,790
34,712,640
32,446,570
26,864,180
Persons in households in the middle
range of income ($15,000- 549,999)
had similar rates of victimization in
comparison to one another but significantly different rates from the lowest
and highest income groups.
Marital status
Never married persons and those who
had separated or divorced had higher
Sexual assault
Never married
Married.
Divorced/separated
Robbery
I
People residing in the West were more
vulnerable to violent crime victimization
than people residing in any other
region in the country. People living in
the Northeast, Midwest, and South had
similar victimization rates in 1997.
Northeast
SIS?
South
$35.000-$49.999 ^ i S i l i j i j j l l l l
$50,000-$74,999
teM^ffi/l
$75,000 or more p j | | | | ! j | j |
40
Region
Midwest
S25 000 $34 999 l i j i i i i i j l
20
violent victimization rates than those
who were married or had been
widowed. For assault, persons who
were never married were victimized at
rates higher than people in any other
marital status. Persons who had been
widowed were the least vulnerable to
assault.
Aggra/ated
assault
60
80
Rate of violent victimization
(rape, robbery, and assault) per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 3.)
1 S
I
i
West
1
10
15
20
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(fee table 3.)
0
10 20 30 40 50
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 3.)
Changes 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97
5
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Urbanization
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, by characteristics
of victims and location, 1993-97
Urban residents had overall violent
victimization rates significantly higher
than suburban residents, who in turn
had rates higher than rural residents.
However, there was no difference in
the rate at which suburban and rural
residents were victims of rape/sexual
assault or aggravated assault.
Urban
Violent crime i l l i i i l i i r S u b u r b a n
victim or location
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Race of v i c t i m
White
Black
Other
Not reported
100.0%
46.0
50.7
2.4
0.9
100.070
46.2
50.8
2.3
0.8
100.0%
48.0
48.4
2.7
1.0
100.0%
48.3
48.2
2.7
0.9
100.0%
47.5
48.4
3.0
1.2
Sex of v i c t i m
Male
Female
Not reported
100.0%
77.1
22.7
0.2
100.0%
78.4
21,5
0.1
100 0 %
76.6
23.2
0.2
100.0%
76.9
22.9
0 2
100.0%
77.2
22.7
0.2
A g e of v i c t i m
Under 18
18 or older
Unknown
100.0%
116
870
1.4
100.0%,
11.4
86.8
1.8
100.0%
12 1
86.2
1.7
100.0%
12 4
86 3
1.3
100.0%
12.2
86.6
1.2
Type of w e a p o n u s e d
Firearm
Knife
Blunt obiect
Personal weapon
Other
100.0%
69.6
12.7
4.4
5.0
82
100.0%
70.0
12.7
4.1
5.3
8.7
100.0%
68.2
12.7
4.5
5.9
8.2
100.0%
67.8
13.5
4.6
5.9
100.0%
67.8
12.8
4,6
6,3
8.5
All assault
i
0
20
40
60
Rate of victimization per 1,000
persons age 12 or older in 1997
(See table 3.)
Note. The crime survey includes as violent
crime rape, robbery, and assault.
Victim-offender relationship
About half of all violent crimes in 1997
were committed by someone whom the
victim knew. Victims of completed
violence were more likely than victims
of attempted violence to report that the
offender was not a stranger. Among
the violent crimes measured by the
NCVS, rape/sexual assault was the
crime most likely to be committed by a
nonstranger, and robbery was the least
likely. Victims of simple assault were
more likely than victims of aggravated
assault to report that the offender was
a nonstranger.
Percent ot violent crime
victimizations, 1997
Stranger Nonstranger
All victimizations
Attempted
Completed
Rape/sexual assault
Robbery
Assault
Aggravated
Simple
46.5%
49.2
40.4
49.8%
47.5
55.1
30.4%
66.1
44.6
52.6
41.8
68.3%
25.7
52 2
42 1
55.7
Note: The National Crime Victimization Survey
includes as violent crime rape, robbery, and
assault but not murder and manslaughter.
6
Page 00'
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Criminal Victimization
1997
Overall U.S. rate
9.5
Murder rate per 100,000 population
9.0
7.4
8.2
6.8
Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
8.2
7.6
11.3
9.9
7.1
7.5
10 7
94
6.2
6.9
9.8
9.0
5.4
6.4
9.0
7.7
4.8
6.1
8.4
6.8
U r b a n character
Metropolitan cities"
Smaller cities"
Rural counties
10.6
5.3
5.4
10.0
4.8
5.0
9.1
4.7
5.0
8.1
45
4.7
7.4
4.2
4.6
24,530
23,330
21,610
19,650
18,210
N u m b e r of m u r d e r s a n d
nonnegligent manslaughters
"Metropolitan cities are those in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's),
and smaller cities are those outside an MSA. Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports.
Murder in the United States, 1997
Statistics on murder are compiled
from over 16,000 city, county and
State law enforcement agencies as
part of the FBI's Uniform Crime
Reports (UCR). For 1997 the UCR
showed 18,210 murders — a rate of
6.8 murders per 100,000 population.
The number of persons per 100,000
U.S. population in 1997 was 8% lower
than in 1996 and 28% lower than in
1993.
The FBI defines murder in its annual
Crime in the United States as the
willful (nonnegligent) killing of one
human being by another. The
incidence of murder varies across
victim characteristics. While the
number of homicides has decreased
since 1993, the pattern of character-
istics ot homicide victims has
remained relatively unchanged.
• Three-fourths of the victims were
male.
• Whites and blacks each made up
about 48% of murder victims.
• 1 in 8 murder victims were
under age 18.
• Firearms were used in about
7 in 10 murders.
• The homicide rate was highest
in the South and lowest in the
Northeast.
• The homicide rate was higher in
metropolitan cities than in smaller
cities and rural areas.
For more information about U.S. murder
trends: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/
bjs/homicide/homtrnd.htm
008
�itftimwmr"
FAX
2 0 2 33
5
D85^JP
Characteristics of victims
of property crime, 1997
Race/ethnicity of head of household
As with violent crime, households in
the West were more vulnerable to
property crime than households in
other regions. The property crime rate
was lowest in the Northeast.
Hispanic households were more likely
than non-Hispanic households to be
victims of each of the property crimes
measured by the NCVS: burglary,
theft, and motor vehicle theft.
Black
White
Other
Burglary
0
Burglary
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Overall, urban households had higher
property crime rates than suburban
households, which in turn had higher
rates than rural households. This order
also occurred for theft and motor
vehicle theft. For burglary, urban
households were the most vulnerable,
but there was no significant difference
between the suburban and rural rates.
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Owned
Rented
100
200
300
Rate of household crime victimization
per 1,000 households in 1997 (See table 4.)
Table 4. Household property crime victimization, by race,
Hispanic origin, household income, region, and home ownership
of households victimized, 1997
Characteristic
of household or
head of household
Number of
households,
1997
Victimizations per 1,000 households
Total
Burglary
Motor vehicle
theft
Theft
Race
White
Black
Other
Motor vehicle theft
20
40
60
80
Hispanic
Norv-Hispanic
Motor vehicle theft
0 20 40 60 80
Rate of victimization per 1,000 households
in 1997 (See table 4.)
Note: The race or ethnicity is that
of the household head
009
For each type of property crime,
people living in rented homes or
apartments had a significantly higher
rate of victimization than those living
in their own homes.
Region, urbanization, and home
ownership
Black households were more likely
than white or households of other
races (Asian or Pacific Islanders and
American Indians/Alaskan natives
grouped together) to be victims of
property crimes (table 4). Black households had higher rates of household
burglary and theft than did white and
other race households. Black and
other race households experienced
motor vehicle theft at rates about twice
that of white households.
Page 011
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->
87,680,170
12,821,410
3,487,090
242.3
292.0
237.4
42.3
62.5
36.2
11.9
24.1
23.3
188.1
205 3
177.9
Hispanic origin
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
8,257,860
95,028,300
3294
240 8
60.9
43.2
29.6
12.5
238.9
185.2
Household income
Less than $7,500
$7,500-$14,999
$15,000-$24,999
$25,000 - $34,999
$35,000 - $49,999
$50,000 - $74,999
$75,000 or more
8,343,820
12,648,520
15,237,980
13,430,070
14,967.560
13,033,070
10,728,660
258.8
236 3
242.4
260.3
271.7
270.9
292.8
79.5
539
47.2
42.4
39.8
35 0
42.4
100
9.1
14.1
15.8
17.2
117
16.3
169.3
173.3
181.2
202.0
214.6
224 2
234 1
Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
20,039,640
25,474,750
37,234,080
21.240,200
195.6
219.9
253.8
322.2
28.5
41.8
48 7
55.7
11.2
8 7
15 3
19.7
155.9
169.4
189.8
246 8
Residence
Urban
Suburban
Rural
31,912,480
50,284,550
21,791,640
309.9
235.4
187.7
56.5
38 9
40.1
20.1
12.7
7.1
233.3
183 8
140.5
Home ownership
Owned
Rented
67,512,040
36,476,630
211.7
316.0
35.8
60.9
11.1
18.7
164.8
236.5
Changes
1996-97
with
Trends
1993-97
7
�44 FAX 202
353
Household income
Reporting to the police
In general, households with higher
incomes were more susceptible than
those with lower incomes to theft and
motor vehicle theft. Households with
incomes $35,000 or above had the
highest theft victimization rates.
Less than $7,500
$7,50Q-$14,999
$15,000-$24,999
$25,000-$34,999
RightFfiX
About a third of the crimes measured
by the NCVS were reported to law
enforcement authorities, according to
the victims. Motor vehicle thefts were
reported to police at the highest rate —
80%, and thefts were reported at the
lowest rate — 28%. Of violent crimes,
59% of aggravated assaults were
reported, compared to 31% of rape
or sexual assaults.
^ j ^ ^ ^ W P
-
$35,000-$49,999
i-.ai;iPi
j
$50,000-$74,999
iiifSj
m
••!;:-.-ri:i ri:iir.tiirA:i
$75,000 or more
0
50 100 150 200 250
Rate of household theft
per 1,000 households in 1997
(See table 4.)
Conversely, the lower the income, the
higher the likelihood of burglary, in
general. Households with incomes
below $7,500 had burglar/ rates significantly higher than households with
higher annual incomes. There were no
differences in the burglary rates of
households in the income categories
$35,000 and above.
Less than $7,500
II i W i ' f l ill
$7,500-$14.999 p i | | | l i i ; l l j | i i | i
$15,000-$24,999
$25.000-$34,999
Among victims of violent crime,
females were more likely than males
to report the crime to the police. Black
victims of violence were somewhat
more likely than whites to report to the
police. There was no significant difference between Hispanic and nonHispanic victims in the percentage
reporting a violent crime to the police.
Percent o( crime
reported to the
police
All victimizations
Victim
characteristic
All
Page 01
jgjoio
Percent of violent
victimizations
reported to the police
44.5%
Male
Female
42.3%
47.5
White
Black
43.7%
48.7
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic
48 4
44.0
Victimization trends, 1993-97
The 1993-96 declining trends in violent
and property crime continued in 1997.
While not all year-to-year changes for
every category of crime were statistically significant, the overall rates for
violent crime and every major type of
crime measured: rape/sexual assault,
robbery, aggravated assault, simple
assault, burglary, theft, and motor
vehicle theft showed statistically significant declines between 1993 and 1997.
37 4 %
Murder/nonnegligent manslaughter
Violent crime
Rape/Sexual assault
Robbery
Assault
Simple
Aggravated
Household crime
Burglary
Motor vehicle theft
Theft
44.0%
30.5
55.8
437
38.4
59.1
35.1%,
51.8
79.8
27.9
The number and rate of murder in all
regions of the United States have
declined steadily since 1993. (See the
box on page 6 ) The characteristics
of murder victims have remained
relatively stable during that time.
Violent crime
$35,000-$49.999
$50,000-$74,999
$75,000 or more
0
20
40
60
80
Rate of household burglary
per 1,000 households in 1997
(See table 4.)
8
Criminal
Victimization
1997
The general pattern among violent
crimes measured by the NCVS was a
nonsignificant increase in both the
number and rate of victimization
between 1993 and 1994 and then a
decline through 1997. While some
year-to-year changes in victimization
rates for violent crime in the aggregate
and for some types of crime were not
significant, every type of violent crime
declined significantly over the whole
period.
�45
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Page Bl
11
Table 5. Rates of criminal victimization and percent change, 1993-97
Type of crime
1993
1994
1995
1997
1996
1993-97
Percent chanqe
1994-97
1995-97
1996-97
Personal c r i m e s '
Crimes of violence
Completed violence
Attempted/threatened violence
Rape/Sexual assault
Rape/attempted rape
Rape
Attempted rape
Sexual assault
Robbery
Completed/property taken
With injury
Without injury
Attempted to take property
With injury
Without injury
Assault
Aggravated
With injury
Threatened with weapon
Simple
With minor injury
Without injury
Personal theft"
52.2
49.9
15.0
34.9
2.5
1.6
1.0
07
0.8
6.0
38
1.3
25
22
0.4
1.8
41 4
12.0
3.4
8.6
29.4
6.1
23.3
23
54.1
51.8
15.4
36.4
21
1.4
0.7
07
0.6
6.3
40
1.4
26
23
0.6
1.7
43 3
11.9
3.3
8,6
31.5
6.8
24.7
2.4
48.5
46.6
13.8
32.8
1.7
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.5
5.4
35
1.0
25
1.9
0.4
1.6
39 5
9.5
2.5
7.1
29.9
6.6
23.3
1.9
43.5
42 0
12.4
29.6
1.4
0.9
0.4
0.5
05
52
35
1.1
2.3
1.7
04
1.4
354
8.8
2.4
64
26.6
5.7
20.9
1.5
40.8
39.2
12.2
27.0
1.4
0.9
05
0.4
0.5
4.3
2.8
1.1
1.7
1.5
0.3
1.2
33.5
8.6
2.7
59
24.9
5.7
19.2
1.6
-21.8%*
-21.4*
-18.7*
-22.6*
-44.0*
-43.8*
-500"
-42.9"
-37.5'
-28.3*
-26.3*
-15.4
-32 0*
-31.8"
-25.0
-33.3-19.1*
-28.3*
-206'
-31.4-15.3*
-6.6
-17.6"
-30.4-
-24.6%*
-24.3*
-20.8*
-25.8*
-33.3*
-35.7*
-28.6
-42.9'
-16.7
-31.7*
-30.0*
-21.4
-34.6*
-34.8*
-50.0"
-29.4*
-22,6*
-27.7*
-18.2'
-31.4*
-21.0"
-16.2*
-22.3*
-33.3-
-15.9%*
-15.9"
-11.6'
-17.7*
-17.6
-25 0 '
-28.6
-20.0
0.0
-20.4*
-20.0*
10.0
-32.0-21.1*
-25.0
-25.0*
-15.2"
-9.5
8.0
-16.9*
-16.7'
-13.6'
-17.6*
-15.8
-6.2%*
-6.7*
-1.6
-8.8"
0
0
25.0
-20.0
0
-17.3*
-20.0*
0
-26 1*
-11.8
-25.0
-14.3
-5.4
-2.3
12 5
-7.8
-6.4'
0
-8.1'
6.7
Property c r i m e s
Household burglary
Completed
Forcible entry
Unlawful entry without force
Attempted forcible entry
Motor vehicle theft
Completed
Attempted
Theft
Completed'"
Less than $50
$50-$249
$250 or more
Attempted
318.9
58.2
472
18.1
29.1
10.9
19.0
12.4
6.6
241.7
230.1
98.7
76.1
41.6
116
310.2
56.3
46.1
16.9
29,2
10.2
18 8
12.5
6.3
235.1
224.3
93.5
77 0
41.8
10.8
290.5
49.3
41 7
15.5
26.2
7.6
16.9
11.5
5.5
224.3
215.3
85.2
76.0
42.1
9.0
266.3
47.2
39.5
14.7
24.8
7.7
13.5
9.1
4.4
205 7
197 7
73.8
71.8
41.1
8.0
248 3
44.6
37.4
14.4
23.0
7.1
13.8
9.7
4.1
189.9
182.3
69.4
64.2
38.0
7.6
-22 1 % *
-23.4'
-20.8*
-20.4*
-21.0'
-34.9-27.4*
-21.8"
-37.9*
-21 4 *
-20.8"
-29.7'
-15.6-8.7'
-34.5-
-20.0%"
-20.8*
-18.9*
-14.8*
-21.2*
-30.4"
-26.6-22.4"
-34.9'
-19 2*
-18.7"
-25.8-16.6*
-9.1'
-29.6-
-14.5%*
-9.5*
-103'
-7.1
-122"
-6.6
-18.3*
-15.7*
-25.5*
-15.3*
-15.3'
-18.5*
-15.5*
-9.7"
-15.6*
-6.8%*
-5.5
-5.3
-2.0
-6.9
-7 8
2.2
6.6
-6.8
-7.7*
-7 8 '
-6.0'
-10.6-7.5'
-5.0
Note; Victimization rates may differ from those reported previously because the estimates
are now based on data collected in each calendar year rather than data about events
within a calendar year. (See Survey methodology on page 10). Completed violent crimes
include rape, sexual assault, robbery with or without injury, aggravated
assault with injury, and simple assault with minor injury. See the note on table 1, page 3,
for the population counts, 1993-97.
'The difference from 1996 to 1997 is significant at the 95-percent confidence level.
'The difference from 1996 to 1997 is significant at the 90-percent confidence level.
"The NCVS is based on interviews with victims and therefore cannot measure murder.
"Includes pocket picking, purse snatching, and attempted purse snatching not shown separately.
Includes thefts with unknown losses.
Personal
theft
type of crime declined throughout the
those at different income levels all
1993-97 period. However, as was the
experienced declines from 1993-97
Personal theft includes pocket picking
case with violent offenses, not every
for overall violent and property crime
and attempted and completed purse
year-to-year decrease was significant.
victimizations.
snatching. The personal theft rate
decreased significantly from 1993 to
(See appendix figures
on page 11.)
Characteristics
of
victims
1997.
Between 1993 and 1997 urban houseThe general downward trend in crimicrime
holds did experience greater declines
nal victimization can be seen across
in property crime rates than suburban
demographic characteristics such as
Property
or rural households.
The numbers and rates of property
victim sex, race, and income.
crime, both in the aggregate and by
and females, blacks and whites, and
Males
C h a n g e s 1996-97 with Trends 1993-97
9
�Michael Waldman
12/30/98 05:06:35 PM
Record Type:
To:
Record
Joshua S. Gottheimer/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: From Jose - Boston
Forwarded by Michael Waldman/WHO/EOP on 12/30/98 05:08 PM
Jordan Tamagni
12/30/98 10:55:13 AM
Record Type:
To:
Record
Michael Waldman/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: From Jose -- Boston
- The Boston Youth Gun Project (in part through comprehensive gun tracing)
identified some 1,300 juveniles in 60 to 70 gangs that were responsible for virtually all
of the youth homicides in Boston. These gangs were called in - one by one - and
given the message that state, local and federal law enforcement agencies were working
together, knew who the gangs were, knew they were engaged in illegal activities,
would be watching them and - most importantly - wouldn't tolerate any shootings or
stabbings. Anybody who broke the rules, would feel the force of law from the
combined law enforcement effort until they gave up and turned in their guns..
- Sure enough, two gangs broke the rules and were taken down by law enforcement.
Afterwards, law enforcement sent the message to every other gang that they would
meet the same fate. It became possible for the gangs to disarm, and most of them did.
One gang held out, and they were made an example of. They were targeted for stiff
federal firearms sentences.
- This type of smart, targeted punishment is neither easy nor intuitive, but it is very
effective. Under this approach in Boston, no juvenile was killed with a firearm for two
and a half years.
�f 7
•/ /
' "
Record Type:
To:
Michael Waldman
1 2 / 3 0 / 9 8 0 5 : 0 6 : 3 0 PM
Q {
^
'
Record
Joshua S. Gottheimer/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: From Jose
Forwarded by Michael Waldman/WHO/EOP on 12/30/98 05:08 PM
Jordan Tamagni
12/30/98 10:54:40 AM
Record Type:
To:
Record
Michael Waldman/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: From Jose
Key Crime and Drug Statistics
COPS --under budget, ahead of schedule. More than 9 2 , 0 0 0 funded. Will
meet pledge of 100,000 more police this year (about April/May) - m o r e than
a year ahead of schedule.
Now more than 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 state and local police officers nationally.
In 1998, 155 federal, state and local law enforcement officers were killed in
the line of duty --5 fewer than in 1997. Line-of-duty deaths have averaged
158 per year since 1992. (While most Americans are benefitting from huge
declines in the murder rate, police officers are not.)
Anecdotes: (Community policing stories, hero cops and citizens.)
Crime Rate - d o w n dramatically, especially murder. Preliminary FBI data for
1998 show that violent crime fell 7% in the first during the first 6 months of
the year - t h e 7th consecutive year and the longest period of decline since
�1960. Since 1993, the violent crime has dropped 1 8 . 2 % , and the property
crime rate has dropped 9 % . The murder rate has dropped 2 8 . 4 % . If current
trends hold true for 1 9 9 8 , the murder rate will have dropped by well over
3 0 % since the President took office --resulting in more than 2 0 , 0 0 0 lives
saved. Murders have dropped from nearly 2 5 , 0 0 0 in 1993 to just over
1 8 , 0 0 0 in 1 9 9 7 .
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) shows even larger drops in
crime since the President took office. It shows that, since 1 9 9 3 , violent
crime rates are down 21 %, and property crime rates are down 2 2 % - b o t h at
their lowest level in 25 years.
According to the Attorney General, every 1 % decline in the violent crime rate
results in 9 0 , 0 0 0 fewer violent crime victims. That means their were half
million fewer victims of violent crime this year than last.
Also, after years of skyrocketing, the juvenile crime has started to drop. The
juvenile violent crime arrest rate fell 6% between 1993 and 1997, with the juvenile
murder arrest rate dropping 39%.
Anecdotes: (dramatic drops in big cities, New York, Boston, Los Angeles).
Guns. Since its passage, the Brady Law has stopped more than a quarter of
a million illegal handgun purchases (about 7 0 , 0 0 0 per year or roughly 2 % of
all firearms sales). For every cop we have put on the beat, w e have stopped
about 3 fugitives, felons or stalkers from buying a handgun.
During the 1996-97 school year, our policy of zero tolerance for guns in
schools resulted in more than 6,000 expulsions of students w h o brought a
weapon to school.
Anecdotes: [Brady hits from FBI — the first several people w h o were snagged
on the first days of Instacheck]
Gun Show Data: TK [good examples of guns used in crimes that can be
traced back to gun shows - we will get this soon ]
Schools - c r i m e generally d o w n . Although the number of multiple homicides
at schools has increased since 1 9 9 3 , (from 2 to 6 - and with 4 times as
many victims), the overall crime rate in schools has actually dropped (from
164 crimes per 1,000 students in 1993 to about 128 such crimes in 1996).
However, the percentage of students reporting that they felt unsafe at or on
their way to school has increased.
�Most schools are safer than community at large. While the overall level of
school and non-school crime is about the same (about 3 million crimes in
each setting), students are more than twice as likely to experience serious
violent crime while out of school. Fewer than 1 % of the 7,357 thousand
children who were murdered in 1992-93 - o r 63 - w e r e killed at school.
Serious crime and violence concentrated in a small percentage of schools.
Only about 1 0 % of public schools report serious or violent crimes to their
local police departments. Nearly half - o r 4 7 % - o f schools report less serious
or non-violent crimes to police, and 4 3 % report absolutely no crimes at all.
Violence more likely in larger, urban schools and w i t h older students. One
third of schools with a 1,000 or more students report at least 1 serious
violent crime, compared with less than . 1 % for smaller schools. Similarly,
urban schools are more than twice as likely to report serious violent crimes
than rural schools.
Fist fights, theft and vandalism are the most common crimes.
Overall,
physical attacks and fights without weapons are the crimes most often
reported to police by middle and high schools.
Vandalism is the most
common crime reported by elementary schools. In total, during the 1997
school year, there were nearly 20 times more of these crimes reported by
schools than more serious violent crimes - s u c h as rape, robbery and attacks
with weapons.
Gang presence has nearly doubled.
Between 1989 and 1995, the
percentage of students reporting the presence of street gangs in their
schools increased from 1 5 % to 2 8 % -including large increases at urban,
suburban and rural schools.
Violence and drugs linked. Students who reported being the victims of
violent crimes were more likely to report the availability of drugs at school.
The same is true for students involved with gangs and guns.
Drugs - d o w n overall, youth drug use starting to fall. In 1 9 9 7 , there were
roughly half as many current illicit drug users than there were in 1979, when
drug use was at its height. And in 1997, for the second year in a row, illicit
drug use among teens aged 12-17 declined; however, teen drug use is still
up significantly since 1992.
Recent data and studies also show that the crack epidemic of the 1980s is
waning in major cities, and that fewer young persons are testing positive for
drug use when they are arrested. In New York City, for example, the number
of young adults testing positive for crack has gone down by more than 5 0 %
�since the 1980s.
�Jordan Tamagni
12/29/98 06:46:17 PM
Record Type:
To:
Record
Joshua S. Gottheimer/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: Re: Crime
Forwarded by Jordan Tamagni/WHO/EOP on 12/29/98 06:47 PM
^ Robin J. Bachman
Record Type:
ji^9798
BM-
06:45:^4;
&
Record
To:
Jordan Tamagni/WHO/EOP
cc:
Jose Cerda lll/OPD/EOP
bcc:
Subject: Re: Crime ^
I don't have anything new on antidrug budget numbers; drug use numbers; and Safe and Drug Free
Schools. I can try t o help track it d o w n , if you need me t o .
Here are some stats:
VIOLENT CRIME A T LOWEST LEVEL SINCE 1973 - The Department of Justice's
1997 National Crime Victimization Survey shows that violent crime fell seven
percent last year and 21 percent since 1993. The violent crime rate is now at its
lowest level since 1973.
THE MURDER RATE IS DOWN MORE THAN 2 5 % since 1993.
Serious Crime, as measured by the Crime Index, has fallen six years in a row.
Juvenile Arrests Rates Down -- The juvenile violent crime arrest rate fell 6% between 1993
and 1997, with the juvenile murder arrest rate dropping 39%. [1997 UCR, Table 34, p. 228]
The COPS program has funded the a d d i t i o n of 92,000
o f f i c e r s i n communities nationwide -- w e l l ahead of
schedule and under budget to reach the A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s
goal of 100,000 more o f f i c e r s by the year 2000.
�Expanded After-School Programs To Serve A Quarter of A Million Children. In his State
ofthe Union address, President Clinton asked Congress to "dramatically expand our support
for after-school programs." The President and Vice President proposed $200 million for
after-school programs in their FY99 budget. While the House Republican budget did not fund
$140 million of the President's and Vice President's request, which would have denied
services to about 1 75,000 children, the final budget includes full funding for the President's
and Vice President's initiative, which will serve a quarter of a million children each year.
Jordan Tamagni
Jordan Tamagni
0
Record Type:
12/29/98 05:38:04 PM
Record
To:
Robin J. Bachman/WHO/EOP
cc:
Jose Cerda lll/OPD/EOP
Subject: Re: Crime '^J
I was so excited by the idea of having facts for Michael, I didn't even read the part where you
said: "this isn't a new one." Sorry!
Most important to update, aside from COPS are:
Crime Rates numbers
Brady (e.g., 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 since Brady, xxx since InstaCheck)
Antidrug budget numbers
Drug use numbers
Safe and Drug Free Schools
Afterschool programs
President Clinton: Building Safer Communities by Taking Back Our Streets
From Crime, Gangs and Drugs
A Record of Accomplishment:
Won Passage of the Most Comprehensive Crime Bill Ever:
In 1994, after more than six years of gridlock, a bipartisan majority in Congress passed the toughest,
smartest Crime Bill in the nation's history. ["Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of
�1994," P.L.103-322]
I t passed w i t h the s t r o n g support o f e v e r y m a j o r law
the country, as well as prosecutors, mayors, and state and local officials. The new law now provides:
A targeted "Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out" provision to put career violent offenders behind
bars for life.
An expanded death penalty for drug kingpins, murderers of federal law enforcement officers
and nearly 60 additional categories of violent felons.
Funding for 100,000 more prison cells to help states ensure that violent offenders serve their
full sentences.
Increased penalties for sex offenders and a registration requirement for violent sexual
offenders.
More Police and Community Policing
The President's Plan to Put 100,000 More Police Officers on the Street Through
Community Policing Represents the Federal Government's Biggest Commitment Ever to
Local Law Enforcement. The President's plan will result in an almost 20 percent increase
in the nation's police force levels. Already, the Administration has provided funding for
over 9X,000 officers, ahead of schedule to meet the President's pledge of providing
100,000 more police. [D.O.J. COPS Office, 8/98; Government Performance Results Act
1997 (attached to President's FY 98 Budget Request)]
Violent Crime Declines Every Year Under President Clinton. Preliminary data for 1997
show that violent crime declined by 5 percent, the sixth consecutive year of decline. With
violent crime down six years in a row, this is the longest period of decline since 1960. In
addition, between 1992 and 1996, violent crime decreased by over 16 percent. In the violent
crime category, murder and robbery show the greatest decline between 1996 and 1997 — each
down 9 percent. [FBI, Uniform Crime Report 1997 Preliminary Annual Release, 5/17/98]
Overall Crime Rates Are Down To the Lowest Levels in a Generation. According to the
Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Victimization Survey, Property and violent crime
victimization rates are at their lowest levels in nearly 25 years.
Crime Has Dropped Sharply in Our Major Cities. From 1996 to 1997, serious crime (as
measured by the Crime Index) has declined in cities in all population groups in the country, with
cities in the three largest population groups (250,000 people or more) reporting the greatest decline,
5 percent each. For instance, within the last year, serious crime has declined 17 percent in Atlanta,
15 percent in Boston, 13 percent in Los Angeles, 7 percent in New York, 15 percent in Washington,
D.C. and 8 percent in San Francisco. Notably, during this time, the murder rate has fallen 23
�percent in Atlanta, 27 percent in Boston, 19 percent in Los Angeles, 22 percent in New York, 24
percent in Washington, D.C. and 28 percent in San Francisco.
The Rate of Juvenile Crime Is down. Over the past two years, there has been a decline in
both the rates of murders committed by young people and youth violence in general.
While the juvenile violent crime arrest rate increased 62 percent between 1987 and
1993, it decreased 2.9 percent in 1995, the first decline in seven years. And in 1996, it
dropped an additional 5.8 percent. [FBI, Uniform Crime Report, 1997]
The decrease in the juvenile murder arrest rate is even more significant, declining 15.2
percent in 1995 - the largest one-year drop in more than 10 years. And in 1996, it
decreased an additional 14.4 percent.
Keeping Guns Out ofthe Hands of Criminals
Stood up to the Gun Lobby and Won Passage of the Brady Bill which provides for a
5-day waiting period and background checks of prospective handgun buyers. [Brady Bill,
P.L. 10-159] Since taking effect in 1994, the Brady Law has prevented nearly 250,000
felons, fugitives, mentally unstable persons, and other prohibited purchasers from buying
handguns. In 1997 alone, 69,000 handgun purchases were blocked as a result of Brady
background checks.
Banned the Manufacture and Importation of 19 of the Deadliest Assault Weapons while
specifically protecting more than 50 legitimate sporting weapons. Cop-killing assault
weapons, like the Uzi, are the weapons of choice for drug dealers and gangs - not hunters
and sportsmen. ["Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994", P.L. 103-322]
Increasing Safety — Banning the Importation of Modified Deadly Weapons. Recently,
President Clinton announced a general ban on the importation of more than 50 non-recreational,
modified assault weapons. The Treasury Department concluded that modified semiautomatic
assault rifles that accept large capacity military magazines - or LCMM rifles - are not "
particularly suitable for or readily adaptable to sporting purposes" and are generally not
importable. The more than 50 models of firearms affected by the decision are modified
versions of military assault weapons that were banned by the Bush Administration in 1989 or
by the Assault Weapons Ban of 1994.
Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative. The President launched the Youth Crime Gun
Interdiction Initiative (YCGII) in 27 target cities to crack down on the illegal gun markets that
supply firearms to juveniles and criminals. The YCGII has already traced more than 93,000
guns, providing law enforcement with crucial investigative leads about illegal gun trafficking.
The President's FY99 budget includes $12 million for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms (ATF) to work with local police departments in the 27 target cities to trace all firearms
�recovered from crime scenes and help determine local gun trafficking patterns. The budget also
provides $ 16 million to hire 162 new ATF agents, 6 per target city, to investigate and arrest the
illegal gun traffickers who are supplying guns to kids and gangs.
Child Safety Locks for Handguns. The President signed a directive to every federal agency,
requiring child safety locking devices with every handgun issued to federal law enforcement
officers. And, in an historic agreement, eight major gun manufacturers followed the President's
lead and have voluntarily agreed to provide child safety locking devices with all their
handguns. [Memorandum on Child Safety Lock Devices for Handguns, 3/5/97; President's
remarks, 10/9/97]
Combating Drug Use
The Largest Anti-Drug Budgets Ever. Year-in and year-out, President Clinton has proposed
the largest anti-drug budgets ever. Between 1996 and 1998, resources for drug
control increased by 19 percent, from $13.5 billion in FY 1997 to $16 billion in
FY98. The President's FY99 drug budget is $17.1 billion, including increases of
$256 million for youth drug prevention, $364 million for domestic law
enforcement, and $189 million for interdiction.
Developed a Comprehensive National Drug Control Strategy. For the first time ever, the
7995 Strategy provides a ten-year plan to reduce drug use and its consequences in the United
States by 50 percent - to historic lows. This Strategy will reduce illegal drug use through
law enforcement, prevention, treatment, interdiction and international efforts. This Strategy
is backed by afive-yearbudget and performance benchmarks.
Targeting Young People with a $195 Million National Anti-Drug Media Campaign. The
President is launching a massive national media campaign to motivate America's youth to reject
illegal drugs and substance abuse. This unprecedented $195 million paid media campaign
relies on high-impact, anti-drug television and radio advertisements aired during prime-time.
The campaign went nationwide in July.
Developed a Comprehensive Strategy to Combat the Trafficking and Abuse of
Methamphetamine. The President fought for and signed a methamphetamine strategy that
increases penalties for trafficking in meth, and toughens the penalties for trafficking in those
chemicals used to produce meth.
Mandatory Comprehensive State Drug Testing Plans for Prisoners and Parolees.
President Clinton fought for and signed legislation requiring states to submit drug testing plans
for prisoners and parolees which would send them back to prison if they get back on drugs.
Overall Drug Use is Down. From 1979 to 1996, the number of people (12 and older)
regularly using drugs in America has plummeted 49 percent, from 25.4 million to 13 million
�people. Similarly, the number of cocaine users has dropped 70 percent in the last decade
(from 5.7 million in 1985 to 1.7 million in 1996).
Youth Drug Use Is Beginning to Reverse. For the first time since 1992, illicit drug use
among 12 to 17 year-olds has declined. Between 1995 and 1996, teen drug use fell from
10.9 percent to 9 percent.
Crack Use is Declining. The most recent data from the Drug Use Forecasting Program
show a decline in crack use by arrestees across the nation - a good indication that the crack
epidemic that began in 1987 has finally begun to abate.
Good News on Methamphetamine. Meth use is down in the eight cities that had been
suffering the highest increases in use: 52 percent drop in Dallas; 20 percent drop in San
Jose; 19 percent in San Diego; 34 percent in Portland; and over 40 percent in Denver,
Omaha and Phoenix.
Fighting to End Domestic Violence
Championed the Violence Against Women Act, the cornerstone of the President's efforts to
fight domestic violence which included $1.6 billion over five years to hire more prosecutors
and improve domestic violence training among prosecutors, police officers, and health and
social services professionals. And created an office at the Department of Justice dedicated to
combating violence against women.
Signed into Law an Extension of the Brady Law, which prohibits anyone convicted of a
domestic violence offense — misdemeanor or felony ~ from owning or possessing a firearm.
More than Tripled Funding to Domestic Violence Shelters and instituted new penalties
against men who stalk, threaten or abuse women across state lines.
Established Nationwide 24-hour Domestic Violence Hotline. The hotline (
1-800-797-SAFE) provides immediate crisis intervention, counseling and referrals for those in
need. Since the hotline opened, there have been over 140,000 calls from all 50 States, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Making Our Schools and Communities Safer
Strengthening and Expanding the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act.
President Clinton expanded the Drug-Free Schools Act into the Safe and Drug-Free Schools
Act of 1994, making violence prevention a key part of this program. The Safe and Drug-Free
Schools Program provides support for violence and drug prevention programs to 97 percent of
the nation's school districts. Schools use these funds to keep violence, drugs and alcohol away
from students and out of schools. The President's FY99 budget expands the Safe and
Drug-Free Schools program by $50 million to fund 1,300 Drug and Violence Prevention
�Coordinators that will help junior high and middle schools across the country develop and
implement effective strategies to keep our kids safe and away from drugs.
Providing After School Opportunities for Up to Half a Million Children a Year. Last year, the
President fought for, and won, a $40 million expansion of the 21st Century Community Learning
Centers program. Building on the success of this program, the President's FY99 budget includes a
$200 million major expansion, which will provide safe and educational after school opportunities for
up to 500,000 children. This increase will give more school-age children in rural and urban
communities across the country positive learning opportunities and keep more kids off the streets in
the after school hours when most violent juvenile crime occurs.
Gaining New Tools to Protect Our Youth from Violence and Drugs. Key elements
of the President's Anti-Gang Youth Violence Strategy were included in the FY98
Commerce-Justice-State Appropriations Act. These funding measures - $489
million for juvenile justice ~ will give communities, schools, and families new tools
to help keep kids safe from gangs and violence, and away from drugs. Included in
this funding is over $ 1 1 0 million for prosecutors to curb gang violence, as well as
funding for violent juvenile court assistance, which can help to fund probations
officers ~ both important elements of the President's Anti-Gang Youth Violence
Strategy.
Encouraging Schools to Adopt School Uniform Policies. School uniforms have been found
to be a promising strategy to reduce violence while promoting discipline and respect in school.
Because of this, the Clinton Administration has encouraged schools to consider adopting school
uniform policies by sharing with every school district a school uniforms manual prepared by
the Department of Education in consultation with local communities and the Department of
Justice.
Supporting Curfews at the Local Level. Because of the success of curfews in helping to
fight juvenile crime and keeping children safe, the Clinton Administration has encouraged
communities to adopt curfew policies. Studies have shown, including one issued by the Justice
Department, that community-supported curfew programs are often successful in combating
juvenile crime. For example, New Orleans' curfew program, in combination with summer jobs
and recreational programs, resulted in a 27 percent drop in juvenile crime during curfew hours
in 1994, compared to the previous year.
Helped Protect Families and Children Who Live in Public Housing from gangs, drugs and
violent crime by instituting a "One-Strike-and-You're-Out" policy for residents who engage in
criminal activity. [Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996, P.L. 104-120]
Increasing Penalties for Sexual Predators. The President fought for and signed "Megan's
Law," which makes community notification concerning registered sex offenders mandatory.
Megan's Law requires States to make public relevant information about child molesters and
�sexually violent offenders who are released from prison or placed on parole.[P. L. 104-145,
Signed 5/17/96] And taking the next step, the President directed the Department of Justice to
develop a plan for the implementation of a national sexual predator and child molester
registration system. [Public Papers of the Presidents, Memorandum on the Development of a
National Sexual Offender Registration System, 6/25/96]
Fewer Guns in the Hands of Our Children. President Clinton signed into law a youth handgun ban
in his 1994 Crime Bill. The ban makes it a federal offense for an adult to transfer a handgun to a
juvenile, or for a juvenile under the age of 18 to knowingly possess a handgun or handgun ammunition.
Enforcing Zero Tolerance for Guns and Other Weapons in Schools. In October 1994,
President Clinton signed into law the Gun-Free Schools Act, and issued a Presidential Directive
later that month to enforce "zero tolerance" for guns in schools ~ if a student brings a gun to
school, that student will be expelled for a year. In school year 1996-97, the U.S. Department of
Education estimates that, under zero tolerance policies, 6,093 students were expelled from
public schools for bringing afirearmto school.
Securing America's Borders
Put More Manpower and Resources into Fighting Drugs at the Border. The number of
Border Patrol agents guarding our Southwest Border has doubled- from 3,389 in FY93 to
6,213 at the end of FY97. The number of Customs agents working on the Southwest Border
has grown 16 percent from 2,000 in FY93 to 2,311 in FY97. The number of DEA, FBI, INS
enforcement officers/agents and US marshals on the Southwest Border have also increased.
Spending on Southwest Border counter-drug efforts has increased: Customs up 72 percent
(FY93-97); FBI up 21 percent (FY93-97); DEA up 30 percent (FY93-97); INS up 96 percent
(FY93-97); and US Attorneys up 45 percent (FY93-97). The FY99 budget adds to this 1,000
new Border Patrol agents, and $54 million to Customs for advanced inspection technologies.
�Jordan Tamagni
12/29/98 05:38:24 PM
Record Type:
To:
Record
Joshua S. Gottheimer/WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: Re: Crime
This will be updated shortly ...
Forwarded by Jordan Tamagni/WHO/EOP on 12/29/98 05:39 PM
Jordan Tamagni
0
Record Type:
12/29/98 05:38:04 PM
Record
To:
Robin J. Bachman/WHO/EOP
cc:
Jose Cerda lll/OPD/EOP
Subject: Re: Crime
I was so excited by the idea of having facts for Michael, I didn't even read the part where you
said: "this isn't a new one." Sorry!
Most important to update, aside from COPS are:
Crime Rates numbers
Brady (e.g., 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 since Brady, xxx since InstaCheck)
Antidrug budget numbers
Drug use numbers
Safe and Drug Free Schools
Afterschool programs
President Clinton: Building Safer Communities by Taking Back Our Streets
From Crime, Gangs and Drugs
A Record of Accomplishment:
Won Passage of the Most Comprehensive Crime BiU Ever:
In 1994, after more than six years of gridlock, a bipartisan majority in Congress passed the toughest,
smartest Crime Bill in the nation's history. ["Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of
�1994," P.L. 103-322] It passed with the strong support of every major law enforcement organization in
the country, as well as prosecutors, mayors, and state and local officials. The new law now provides:
A targeted "Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out" provision to put career violent offenders behind
bars for life.
An expanded death penalty for drug kingpins, murderers of federal law enforcement officers
and nearly 60 additional categories of violent felons.
Funding for 100,000 more prison cells to help states ensure that violent offenders serve their
full sentences.
Increased penalties for sex offenders and a registration requirement for violent sexual
offenders.
More Police and Community Policing
The President's Plan to Put 100,000 More Police Officers on the Street Through
Community Policing Represents the Federal Government's Biggest Commitment Ever to
Local Law Enforcement. The President's plan will result in an almost 20 percent increase
in the nation's police force levels. Already, the Administration has provided funding for
over 9X,000 officers, ahead of schedule to meet the President's pledge of providing
100,000 more police. [D.O.J. COPS Office, 8/98; Government Performance Results Act
1997 (attached to President's FY 98 Budget Request)]
Violent Crime Declines Every Year Under President Clinton. Preliminary data for 1997
show that violent crime declined by 5 percent, the sixth consecutive year of decline. With
violent crime down six years in a row, this is the longest period of decline since 1960. In
addition, between 1992 and 1996, violent crime decreased by over 16 percent. In the violent
crime category, murder and robbery show the greatest decline between 1996 and 1997 - each
down 9 percent. [FBI, Uniform Crime Report 1997 Preliminary Annual Release, 5/17/98]
Overall Crime Rates Are Down To the Lowest Levels in a Generation. According to the
Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Victimization Survey, Property and violent crime
victimization rates are at their lowest levels in nearly 25 years.
Crime Has Dropped Sharply in Our Major Cities. From 1996 to 1997, serious crime (as
measured by the Crime Index) has declined in cities in all population groups in the country, with
cities in the three largest population groups (250,000 people or more) reporting the greatest decline,
5 percent each. For instance, within the last year, serious crime has declined 17 percent in Atlanta,
15 percent in Boston, 13 percent in Los Angeles, 7 percent in New York, 15 percent in Washington,
D.C. and 8 percent in San Francisco. Notably, during this time, the murder rate has fallen 23
�percent in Atlanta, 27 percent in Boston, 19 percent in Los Angeles, 22 percent in New York, 24
percent in Washington, D.C. and 28 percent in San Francisco.
The Rate of Juvenile Crime Is down. Over the past two years, there has been a decline in
both the rates of murders committed by young people and youth violence in general.
While the juvenile violent crime arrest rate increased 62 percent between 1987 and
1993, it decreased 2.9 percent in 1995, the first decline in seven years. And in 1996, it
dropped an additional 5.8 percent. [FBI, Uniform Crime Report, 1997]
The decrease in the juvenile murder arrest rate is even more significant, declining 15.2
percent in 1995 - the largest one-year drop in more than 10 years. And in 1996, it
decreased an additional 14.4 percent.
Keeping Guns Out of the Hands of Criminals
Stood up to the Gun Lobby and Won Passage of the Brady Bill which provides for a
5-day waiting period and background checks of prospective handgun buyers. [Brady Bill,
P.L. 10-159] Since taking effect in 1994, the Brady Law has prevented nearly 250,000
felons, fugitives, mentally unstable persons, and other prohibited purchasers from buying
handguns. In 1997 alone, 69,000 handgun purchases were blocked as a result of Brady
background checks.
Banned the Manufacture and Importation of 19 of the Deadliest Assault Weapons while
specifically protecting more than 50 legitimate sporting weapons. Cop-killing assault
weapons, like the Uzi, are the weapons of choice for drug dealers and gangs - not hunters
and sportsmen. ["Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994", P.L. 103-322]
Increasing Safety - Banning the Importation of Modified Deadly Weapons. Recently,
President Clinton announced a general ban on the importation of more than 50 non-recreational,
modified assault weapons. The Treasury Department concluded that modified semiautomatic
assault rifles that accept large capacity military magazines - or LCMM rifles ~ are not"
particularly suitable for or readily adaptable to sporting purposes" and are generally not
importable. The more than 50 models offirearmsaffected by the decision are modified
versions of military assault weapons that were banned by the Bush Administration in 1989 or
by the Assault Weapons Ban of 1994.
Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative. The President launched the Youth Crime Gun
Interdiction Initiative (YCGII) in 27 target cities to crack down on the illegal gun markets that
supply firearms to juveniles and criminals. The YCGII has already traced more than 93,000
guns, providing law enforcement with crucial investigative leads about illegal gun trafficking.
The President's FY99 budget includes $12 million for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms (ATF) to work with local police departments in the 27 target cities to trace all firearms
�recovered from crime scenes and help determine local gun trafficking patterns. The budget also
provides $16 million to hire 162 new ATF agents, 6 per target city, to investigate and arrest the
illegal gun traffickers who are supplying guns to kids and gangs.
Child Safety Locks for Handguns. The President signed a directive to every federal agency,
requiring child safety locking devices with every handgun issued to federal law enforcement
officers. And, in an historic agreement, eight major gun manufacturers followed the President's
lead and have voluntarily agreed to provide child safety locking devices with all their
handguns. [Memorandum on Child Safety Lock Devices for Handguns, 3/5/97; President's
remarks, 10/9/97]
Combating Drug Use
The Largest Anti-Drug Budgets Ever. Year-in and year-out, President Clinton has proposed
the largest anti-drug budgets ever. Between 1996 and 1998, resources for drug
control increased by 19 percent, from $13.5 billion in FY 1997 to $16 billion in
FY98. The President's FY99 drug budget is $17.1 billion, including increases of
$256 million for youth drug prevention, $364 million for domestic law
enforcement, and $189 million for interdiction.
Developed a Comprehensive National Drug Control Strategy. For the first time ever, the
7995 Strategy provides a ten-year plan to reduce drug use and its consequences in the United
States by 50 percent - to historic lows. This Strategy will reduce illegal drug use through
law enforcement, prevention, treatment, interdiction and international efforts. This Strategy
is backed by a five-year budget and performance benchmarks.
Targeting Young People with a $195 Million National Anti-Drug Media Campaign. The
President is launching a massive national media campaign to motivate America's youth to reject
illegal drugs and substance abuse. This unprecedented $195 million paid media campaign
relies on high-impact, anti-drug television and radio advertisements aired during prime-time.
The campaign went nationwide in July.
Developed a Comprehensive Strategy to Combat the Trafficking and Abuse of
Methamphetamine. The President fought for and signed a methamphetamine strategy that
increases penalties for trafficking in meth, and toughens the penalties for trafficking in those
chemicals used to produce meth.
Mandatory Comprehensive State Drug Testing Plans for Prisoners and Parolees.
President Clinton fought for and signed legislation requiring states to submit drug testing plans
for prisoners and parolees which would send them back to prison if they get back on drugs.
Overall Drug Use is Down. From 1979 to 1996, the number of people (12 and older)
regularly using drugs in America has plummeted 49 percent, from 25.4 million to 13 million
�people. Similarly, the number of cocaine users has dropped 70 percent in the last decade
(from 5.7 million in 1985 to 1.7 million in 1996).
Youth Drug Use Is Beginning to Reverse. For the first time since 1992, illicit drug use
among 12 to 17 year-olds has declined. Between 1995 and 1996, teen drug use fell from
10.9 percent to 9 percent.
Crack Use is Declining. The most recent data from the Drug Use Forecasting Program
show a decline in crack use by arrestees across the nation - a good indication that the crack
epidemic that began in 1987 has finally begun to abate.
Good News on Methamphetamine. Meth use is down in the eight cities that had been
suffering the highest increases in use: 52 percent drop in Dallas; 20 percent drop in San
Jose; 19 percent in San Diego; 34 percent in Portland; and over 40 percent in Denver,
Omaha and Phoenix.
Fighting to End Domestic Violence
Championed the Violence Against Women Act, the cornerstone of the President's efforts to
fight domestic violence which included $1.6 billion over five years to hire more prosecutors
and improve domestic violence training among prosecutors, police officers, and health and
social services professionals. And created an office at the Department of Justice dedicated to
combating violence against women.
Signed into Law an Extension of the Brady Law, which prohibits anyone convicted of a
domestic violence offense - misdemeanor or felony ~ from owning or possessing a firearm.
More than Tripled Funding to Domestic Violence Shelters and instituted new penalties
against men who stalk, threaten or abuse women across state lines.
Established Nationwide 24-hour Domestic Violence Hotline. The hotline (
1-800-797-SAFE) provides immediate crisis intervention, counseling and referrals for those in
need. Since the hotline opened, there have been over 140,000 calls from all 50 States, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Making Our Schools and Communities Safer
Strengthening and Expanding the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act.
President Clinton expanded the Drug-Free Schools Act into the Safe and Drug-Free Schools
Act of 1994, making violence prevention a key part of this program. The Safe and Drug-Free
Schools Program provides support for violence and drug prevention programs to 97 percent of
the nation's school districts. Schools use these funds to keep violence, drugs and alcohol away
from students and out of schools. The President's FY99 budget expands the Safe and
Drug-Free Schools program by $50 million to fund 1,300 Drug and Violence Prevention
�Coordinators that will help junior high and middle schools across the country develop and
implement effective strategies to keep our kids safe and away from drugs.
Providing After School Opportunities for Up to Half a Million Children a Year. Last year, the
President fought for, and won, a $40 million expansion of the 21st Century Community Learning
Centers program. Building on the success of this program, the President's FY99 budget includes a
$200 million major expansion, which will provide safe and educational after school opportunities for
up to 500,000 children. This increase will give more school-age children in rural and urban
communities across the country positive learning opportunities and keep more kids off the streets in
the after school hours when most violent juvenile crime occurs.
Gaining New Tools to Protect Our Youth from Violence and Drugs. Key elements
of the President's Anti-Gang Youth Violence Strategy were included in the FY98
Commerce-Justice-State Appropriations Act. These funding measures - $489
million for juvenile justice -- will give communities, schools, and families new tools
to help keep kids safe from gangs and violence, and away from drugs. Included in
this funding is over $110 million for prosecutors to curb gang violence, as well as
funding for violent juvenile court assistance, which can help to fund probations
officers - both important elements of the President's Anti-Gang Youth Violence
Strategy.
Encouraging Schools to Adopt School Uniform Policies. School uniforms have been found
to be a promising strategy to reduce violence while promoting discipline and respect in school.
Because of this, the Clinton Administration has encouraged schools to consider adopting school
uniform policies by sharing with every school district a school uniforms manual prepared by
the Department of Education in consultation with local communities and the Department of
Justice.
Supporting Curfews at the Local Level. Because ofthe success of curfews in helping to
fight juvenile crime and keeping children safe, the Clinton Administration has encouraged
communities to adopt curfew policies. Studies have shown, including one issued by the Justice
Department, that community-supported curfew programs are often successful in combating
juvenile crime. For example, New Orleans' curfew program, in combination with summer jobs
and recreational programs, resulted in a 27 percent drop in juvenile crime during curfew hours
in 1994, compared to the previous year.
Helped Protect Families and Children Who Live in Public Housing from gangs, drugs and
violent crime by instituting a "One-Strike-and-You're-Out" policy for residents who engage in
criminal activity. [Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996, P.L. 104-120]
Increasing Penalties for Sexual Predators. The President fought for and signed "Megan's
Law," which makes community notification concerning registered sex offenders mandatory.
Megan's Law requires States to make public relevant information about child molesters and
�sexually violent offenders who are released from prison or placed on parole.[P. L. 104-145,
Signed 5/17/96] And taking the next step, the President directed the Department of Justice to
develop a plan for the implementation of a national sexual predator and child molester
registration system. [Public Papers of the Presidents, Memorandum on the Development of a
National Sexual Offender Registration System, 6/25/96]
Fewer Guns in the Hands of Our Children. President Clinton signed into law a youth handgun ban
in his 1994 Crime Bill. The ban makes it a federal offense for an adult to transfer a handgun to a
juvenile, or for a juvenile under the age of 18 to knowingly possess a handgun or handgun ammunition.
Enforcing Zero Tolerance for Guns and Other Weapons in Schools. In October 1994,
President Clinton signed into law the Gun-Free Schools Act, and issued a Presidential Directive
later that month to enforce "zero tolerance" for guns in schools - if a student brings a gun to
school, that student will be expelled for a year. In school year 1996-97, the U.S. Department of
Education estimates that, under zero tolerance policies, 6,093 students were expelled from
public schools for bringing a firearm to school.
Securing America's Borders
Put More Manpower and Resources into Fighting Drugs at the Border. The number of
Border Patrol agents guarding our Southwest Border has doubled- from 3,389 in FY93 to
6,213 at the end of FY97. The number of Customs agents working on the Southwest Border
has grown 16 percent from 2,000 in FY93 to 2,311 in FY97. The number of DEA, FBI, INS
enforcement officers/agents and US marshals on the Southwest Border have also increased.
Spending on Southwest Border counter-drug efforts has increased: Customs up 72 percent
(FY93-97); FBI up 21 percent (FY93-97); DEA up 30 percent (FY93-97); INS up 96 percent
(FY93-97); and US Attorneys up 45 percent (FY93-97). The FY99 budget adds to this 1,000
new Border Patrol agents, and $54 million to Customs for advanced inspection technologies.
�[~0"0T6775TFA2
"
Crime -- SOTU factoids
Crime rates -- community policing:
The COPS Program has helped to fund over 8 8 , 0 0 0 officers, and we are on
track to meet the President's goal to fund 100,000 officers this year.
We have the lowest murder rate in 30 years. The homicide rate has
plummeted so much, that in 1997, there were over 6,300 fewer people
murdered than in the year the President took office (1993).
Drugs and Crime:
Drug users are involved in approximately three to five times the number of
crimes as arrestees who do not use drugs. (Source: 1998 National Drug
Control Strategy.)
Active drug addicts commit between an estimated 89 to 191 property and
violent crimes per year. On a conservative assumption of 100 crimes per
year, for each 10,000 drug-addicted inmates who after release stay off drugs
and crime, the nation will experience a reduction of one million crimes a year.
(Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse, 1998, Behind Bars: Substance
Abuse and America's Prison Population, p.l 53)
About three out of four inmates - about 1.4 million prisoners out of 1.7
million - were either high on drugs or alcohol when they were arrested, stole
property to feed their habit, or have a history of substance abuse. (Source:
Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse, 1998, Bureau of Justice
Statistics on mid-year 1997 inmate population).
President's Drug Offender Accountability Initiative: We have an obligation to
demand that all who come into contact with the criminal justice system stay
drug-free. The President's Drug Offender Accountability Initiative is a plan of
frequent drug testing, progressive sanctions, and mandatory treatment.
Boston/juvenile crime
•
Not a single child was killed with a gun in Boston for a t w o and a half-year
stretch between 7/95 and 12/97. During that same time, about 3,000 kids
were murdered with guns in the rest of the country. (Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency and Prevention)
Page'
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Since enactment of the Brady Law, over a quarter of a million handgun sales
have been blocked to felons, fugitives, and stalkers. (Source: Department of
Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 6/98 Bulletin on Pre-Sale Handgun
Checks.)
NB: We're still waiting on an example of a felon or fugitive stopped by
background checks. While we aren't as enthusiastic about the number of
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Michael Waldman
Description
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<p>Michael Waldman was Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1995-1999. His responsibilities were writing and editing nearly 2,000 speeches, which included four State of the Union speeches and two Inaugural Addresses. From 1993 -1995 he served as Special Assistant to the President for Policy Coordination.</p>
<p>The collection generally consists of copies of speeches and speech drafts, talking points, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, handwritten notes, articles, clippings, and presidential schedules. A large volume of this collection was for the State of the Union speeches. Many of the speech drafts are heavily annotated with additions or deletions. There are a lot of articles and clippings in this collection.</p>
<p>Due to the size of this collection it has been divided into two segments. Use links below for access to the individual segments:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+1">Segment One</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+2">Segment Two</a></p>
Creator
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Michael Waldman
Office of Speechwriting
Date
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1993-1999
Identifier
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2006-0469-F
Extent
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Segment One contains 1071 folders in 72 boxes.
Segment Two contains 868 folders in 66 boxes.
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Still Image
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Original Format
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paper
Dublin Core
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Title
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[State of the Union 1999] Crime: Community Empowerment: Facts/Real People
Creator
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Office of Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
Is Part Of
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Box 49
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36403"> Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7763296">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
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2006-0469-F Segment 1
Provenance
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White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
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Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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6/3/2015
Source
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7763296
42-t-7763296-20060469F-Seg1-049-011-2015