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needs range of options
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T/ie search
. for a solution
allow a wide range of options. L
"People's heeds are different and
they have to^be served differently,"
LAST OF TWO PARTS
WASHINGTON - Hidden be- Sauriders'said.':^/:
hind the horror stories about the
In their plan, President CUnton
• Targeted job credits. Under a
nation's job-training system are in- and Reich acknowledge that. They
program approved by Congress in
dividual tales of success. say they want to emphasize the
1983, employers can get tax credits
With a solid dose of job-search jdnds of programs that have proved
for hiring certain groups of disadhelp, a machinist laid off from a successful and drop the failures.
But success is not always easy to vantaged workers. Studies show 70
small Thomastoh shop lands a facmeasure.. Some say the efforts that percent of the workers hired under
tory job iiTBristolfivemonths after,
the program would have been hired
Reich and his' supporters believe
getting his' pink slip.
without the subsidy.
- With a year of retraining, a wom- ihouid be expanded still have not
• Training stipends for food
^prqyed thejr worth, i i i . ! ; ,
•:
an who traded an insurance job for
stamp recipients. The Department
motherhood -six years ago goes if.' And some; such as Unive'nity of
of Agriculture has a program that
back to work as a medical techni- Chicago Professor "James Heckman, say the emphasis should be on . gives food stamp recipients a small
cian in Milford.
training allowance, but Reich says
With tips from the Small Business tax Incentives to encourage the pri- the amount — about $100 a person
Administration, workers laid off by vate sector to take on more of the — is too "small to alter employment
Pratt & Whitney and Hamilton training burden.
prospects or earnings.
Standard begin their own business"The evidence on private training
es and serve as their own bosses for suggests that it is more effective Basics work
the first time.
V '
•thanpublic traiining." HeckmrireThe experts — even relatively
The critical factor is undeniably • • cently told aifongfessiorial commit- conservative observers such as
logical: getting the right help at the tee. "It is unfortunate that current Heckman — agree certain basics do
administration plans neglect pri- work. For example, people who get
right time. Routinely, people who
get support tailored to their specific vate sector training and policies help as soon as they know they will
that could encourage . this more lose their jobs fare Detter than those
circumstances are making the leap
profitable activity.". • ; , : who don't.
back into the work forced
-But AndrewjHahn of Brandeis
They get the process started fastBut however open and inviting
University says' he government can er, leam more about their options
some find the system, many'more,
and avoid some of the psychological
do both, i.' i i i ' ^
__•
unaware of their options or where
"Different strategies work for dif- pitfalls of unemployment. The same
to find the help they need.-flnd it
ferent populations,'' Hahn said, holds true for help with a job search.
impregnable.
.•••^^•.•"-••.i.Vi?:-:
Simple services such as resume
That is why the Clinton adminis- adding that any streamlining of the
tration's proposal to rein in and re- current system would be a marked workshops, job listings and the use
of phones and copy machines help.
form the nation's unruly mix of ob- improvement.
Hahn said he sees Clinton giving And the ability to meet with counretraining programs emphasues
states a great deal of authority to selors and people in similar circumgetting thorough information as
stances also helps people stay on
quickly as possible to people who figure out what works best.
In speeches this year, Reich has course.
lose thair jobs.
said government must be willing to * Lengthier training programs genSecretary of Labor Robert B.
abandon programs that do not erally prove much more effective
Jteieh says' most people need help work.
than shorter ones. That can include
only with' beginning their job
"Investing
resources in going to a community college for a
searches and starting their unem- programs thatscarce deliver cheats series of courses or to a for-profit
don't
ployrn'ent checks.
•
workers who require results and school that has a good placement
BuYoihejVheed more.
he record in a growing field.
" A high schoipl dropout with limit-: taxpayers who finance failure,"up to Reich says the administration
said recently. "We have to face
ed "work experience might need,
plan calls for the one-stqp career
-help with basic rea'ding and math aa the fact that certain tools may not centers to provide clients with good
work."
well as career guidance. Or a veterinformation on a range of proAmong the programs
an engineer might need a specific, have not proved eftective:he says grams, as well as expected job
short-term course on the latest techtrends.
t Short-term training for
nologies, such as computer-assisted vantaged teenagers. Studies disaddesign, to complete for the next job. they generally rare no bettershow
John E. Saurjders III, Connecti- teenagers who get no help. than
cut's deputy state labor commis- ,
sioner, said thp nation's employment and training system must
By MICHAEL REMEZ
Courant Staff Writtr
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ions
are heeded
Continued from Page 1
But no matter how well organized
the system, certain workers — especially those with 20 to 30 years on
the job — will face tough battles
landing new jobs. Starting a business is one avenue for some of those
people, although the Labor Department estimates that will work for
only 2 percent to 5 percent of dislocated workers
"All the studies show that the older you are when you get displaced,
the harder it is to move into another
job," said Ann Markusoh, a professor at Rutgers University who has
written extensively on cutbacks in
the defense industry.
"Employers do discriminate,"
Markuson said, adding that older
workers generally command higher
salaries and are seen as less likely to
adapt to a new environment.
"If you have really good career
counseling, you can challenge people into directions that really fir,"
she said. "But there is so little good
information about what the options
are in this economy."
t
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THI HAITFOIO COURANT: Monday, May 16, 1994
Timely help offers a road map
to opportunity
By MICHAEL REMEZ
Courant Staff Writer
Older workers, new tricks:
i Help going Into business.
Desperation was.the best Way to., Fred Holubecki worked in the fii
describe what .Gary Valvo'was feel- nance department at Hamilton
'
ing.
•.^•^iy^'erf^^r':::- r - Standard for 27 years. Then in 1991
It was autumn oi last'ye'ar-Vatvo he was laid off.
hid just lost his job in a small maHerman Googe worked with
chine shop in Thomastoh; and he sheet metal in Pratt & Whitney's
wasn't .sure who, if anyone, could East Hartford factory for almost as
help him. •>.;• •'ir'"-:'-^
:• long before he got his pink slip in
The 39-year-old from Bristol fig- 1993.
V
ured businesses wouldn't be taking
Holubecki is 51, Googe 50, ad- on new people until aorhetime in vanced ages for career changes/es1994.
.
•^i^i^i^J^,;
pecially the mandatory kind. . ^
That's when " friend recoma
But the two have more in common
mended that he visit the Jocal office than age and falling victim to the
of the United Labor Agency, which sweeping job cuts at the two divihdps displaced worker? get back
sions of United Technologies Corp.
into the job miarket.;r>;X-.; ;u' \,
Both now are working to bui d
It was there that the desperation
their own businesses, taking advanevaporated. Valvo eh&lled in a job tage of the services offered by a selfsearch program thar providea a
employment assistance program
roadmap to employment. Today, he run as a pilar, by the federal Small
roac
vorking again. 7 ^ -v."', ;
Business Administration for former
resident Clinton's plan says sim- United Technologies workers.
Kr programs that provide people
Working in finance. Holubecki,
with assistance and good, timely in- an Enfield resident, had learned his
formation on their options shoiild
way around the tax code. He had
meet the needs of most people who started doing tax filings for friends
lo se their jobs in the hew'economy. on the side even before Hamilton
The rema nder Will heed more exshowed him the door.
tensive retraining.
Now he runs AJ. Tax Consulting
Counselors helped Valvo evalServices out of his home, setting his
uate his skills and plan his search.
own hours and depending only on
He talked to other laid-off workers himself.
going through the ups and downs
Googe, a West Hartford resident,
h«! was experiencing. He heard
hopes to begin a taxi service for
about people.landing jobs,'often at people with disabilities. His counreduced pay, but still fiill time. And selors at the program say there is a
he learned the importance of netmarket. They are helping him go
working and a positive attitude.'
after the financing that would allow
"Right after the classes/ things
him to buy the two specially fitted
didn't seem so desperate any
vans he needs to get his business
more," Valvo remembered. .
rolling.
Two monthsagb, he found a job.
Right now, only people laid off by
with Federal Machine Tool in Bris- United Technologies divisions can
tol, a slightly larger shop than the
take advantage of the program inone that let him go. Now, he's closer East Hartford.^but the federal Deto home and his family. His hourly Tpartment of Labor says expanding
ra te dropped slightly, but Valvo said the concept makes sense.
he has more opportunities to work
»:Fdr'a select .group of displaced
overtime.
workers, 'starling their .'own, busiHe credits the United Labor ness ia therightalternative.
Agency with helping him gain the
For people
confidence and techniques to do an Googe, it is a such as Holubecki and
chance to be their own
effective job search. Said Valvo: bosses.
s nice to know you've got the
Googe had hoped the layoffs at
Is to go out and do it on your
Pratt wouldn't reach workers with
his level of experience.
:
y
;
r
:
"At first, I was devastated," he
remembered. "You feel worthless.
First you have to come to grips with
yourself. After that, 1 realized 1
didn't want to see the insides of
another factory."
Career switch: the need
for long-term training
When Robin Gordon became a
mother six years ago, she gave up
her clerical job in insurance, confident she would be able to find work
again when she — and her family —
were ready.
But getting back into the work
force, at a job with comparable pay,
proved much more difficult than the
West Haven resident ever imagined. Gordon, now 35, soon realized
she needed new skills.
With the help of the Private Industry Council in New Haven, she
learned that medical, technicians
were in demand. She plso heard
about a privately run school that
had a good placement record. .
She enrolled in an intensive oneyear training program at the Stone
Academy ,in Hamden, the kind of
longer"term training that -experts
say boosts the chances of success.
The council, charged with administering federal job-training money
in the region, also helped her qualify forfinancialhelp geared to people out of the work force for more
than a year.
And that help, which she estimated at about one third of the more
than $12,000 cost for the program,
proved essential.
" I am really glad that I qualified."
Gordon said. "That was a big factor
in determining whether I wanted to
go back to school or not."
She graduated from the program
last November, did a stint as a volunteer at the Jewish Home for the
Aged in New Haven, and in February landed part-time work — about
20 hours a week — with an a obstetric and gynecological practice in
Milford.
Now, with her daughter in kindergarten, Gordon has rejoined her
husband — a warehouse manager
— in the work force. And she said
she is glad to be back.
Gordon enjoys working in a medical practice that mixes the joys of
impending childbirth with more serious women's health problems
"This is something. I can really
�0 S ' 19' 9 4
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relate to," she said.
Federal aid: a long-term
alternative that worked
•r '-As ai jteenager in a tough Boston
neiehborhood, Eliseo Hernandez
could see a fork in the road ahead.
And he didn't like the options.
"Most kids either were getting
work at McDonald's or selling
drugs. I wasn't going to do either
one of-those," said Hernandez, now
21 and holding down a secure federal job.
The difference for him was the 30year-old Job Corps program, a rigorous and regimented training program targeted to young,
disadvantaged workers. It is one of
the programs that Secretary of Labor Robert B. Reich says has proven
effective in helping a group that is
tough to serve.
A Job Corps center that will accommodate 200 clients will open in
New Haven next year. It will serve
both disadvantaged workers and
workers with disabilities, the first
time the program has fried to mix
the two groups. Today, Connecticut
residents can enroll in several New
England centers, the closest in
Chicopee, Mass.
Job Corps is a residential program, able to take its charges out of
places such as Hernandez's neigh-
USDL'OIPA B S O — . OIPA W S
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borhood so they can concentrate on
improving basic skills — such as
reading and math — and learning a
vocation without the distractions of
drugs and crime.
- Organizers say they try to give
whatever support might be needed
to encourage success, including tutors and job mentors.
• Because it is long-term — enrollees live and work out of dormitories
for as long as two years—Job Corps
is expensive. It costs more than
$ 15,000 for each student each year.
Hernandez went to the center adjoining Westover Air Force Base in
Chicopee. A successful graduate of
the business services program, he
now handles most of the office management for the Job Corps regional
office in Boston. •
• Hernandez spent 14 months in
the program and now makes
enough to support his wife and infant daughter. He is a strong believer in the program, despite its perpersoncost.
Hernandez said the federal government easily makes back its investment and more by turning out
graduates with real skills and the
ability to survive in the working
world.
"It keeps people off welfare and
out of the judicial system," he said.
"It's a great alternative."
;
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THE HAITFOBO COUBANT: Sun^y, Moy 15, 1W4
€ostly hodgepodge of programs
• Congressional investigators
have found that Washington spends
about $25 billion a year on more
than 150 training programs spread
WASHINGTON - Take a look at ^
across 14 federal agencies, creating
the number of agencies drumming ,
overlap, waste and inefficiency. For
up job prospects for the unemexample, poor people can get simiployed in any Connecticut city, and ,
lar help rrom separate programs
you get a sense, on a small scale, of FIRST OF TWO PARTS
And they must overcome resis- run by the departments of educathe waste and duplication in the
nation's patchwork employment tance to change from program oper- tion, labor, agriculture, health and
ators who are accustomed to a cer- human services and housing and
and job training system.
Take a look at the programs cost- tain way Of doing business: So many urban development.
ing S25 billion a year that have been pots of money present an additional • Programs
developed in Washington and the problem: political and agency bat- intended to
stress training
scope of the problem becomes even tles over turf and furidihg. \
To sort it all out, President Clin- often don't. For
clearer.
ton has promised a proposal he says example, the
The federal government has one
will streamline the system and take training por•rogram, for example, that invests
Aginto account the massive structural tion of the De$100 in training money for each
riculture
changes in the American economy. partment's
client — hardly enough to do any
Lawmakers seem ready to reform food stamp
training.
........ ~
the outdated setup, but the measure program alloAnother trains four itimes as could still get lost in the crush of
many cosmetologists as are heeded other business before Congress this cates what
amounts to • Reich
every year, and still another offers session.
$100 a client for training, a spendhelp to laid-off worken who made
No one disputes that the current
radios, for example, but not to the hodgepodge of programs to help ing level far too low to produce any
laid-off workers who made the the unemployed Is not up to the job. discernible benefit.
• Agencies often respond slowly
parts.
•
But what to do about it?
to changes in the job market. Labor
Today in the New Haven "area
Clinton's program has been char- Secretary Robert B. Reich likes to
alone, staff at nearly 50 training acterized as too narrow in scope
programs can call and visit employ- considering the problem. But it also point to cosmetology, saying the
ers to find potential work for clients. has been criticized for relying too government pays to train up to
"Employers just kind of glaze much on government programs, in- 80,000 cosmetologists a year while
over from the number of calls from stead of prodding businesses with the demand is for no more than
17,000. "
so many organizations," said Bill
• The various programs created
VilJanOj executive director of the tax incentives to create jobs and do
their own training.
specifically to help what are known
Workforce Development Board for
The task becomes even more dif- aa dislocated workers—people laid
the New Haven area. "They just ficult in states such as Connecticut, off from their jobs with little chance
don't know where to go. WeVe got where many large employers in in- of getting them back—can spend as
to make the system more user surance and defense continue to
much as 20 percent of their money
friendly."
shed lobs and new hires are scarce. determining whether workers are
It's just as true for the iob-seek- And the connections between traineligible for a specific program.
_Qrs. In particular, those let "go by ing and economic development ef"small companies — which have not forts generally seem tenuous.
Restrictions
had the federal government craft
Beyond that, the rules sometimes
Still, several experts said Conspecial programs for them or their neaicut — which recorded about
seem irrationally restrictive.
industries — face an intimidating 92,000 people unemployed in
Example: If Pratt & Whitney and
system that can seem impossible to March — would benefit from a suc- ii$ union had applied for federal
penetrate.
cessful streamlining of trainingpro- help from the program for dislocatVUlano is among those trying to grams if limited federal dollars
ed defense workers — instead of a
limit the overlap and spend tne lim- could be used more effectively.
more general category from which
ited money more effectively. But to But the federal government's
they did get money — a worker laid
do that, he and his board must find track record isn't cause for optioff from a commercial engine line
their way through the confusing mism.
could have been shut out, while a
maze of programs — some effecco-worker with exactly the same
Consider:
tlve, many not — funded by state
experience but working on a miliand federal agencies.
tary engine would have been eligible for help.
By MICHAEL REMEZ
Cemran/ Stuff Writtr
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Erasing
'the waste
�Labor Department
Regional News Clips
FRIDAY - -LARCH 13, 199 4
01 PA/BOSTON - REGION I
THE HARTFORD COURANT: Monday, March 14 1994
Sorting through the job-training patchwork
Officials say Clinton's plan dovetails with state reforms
By MICHAEL REMEZ
Courant Staff Writer
WASHINGTON — When President
Clinton described the nation's job-training system last Wednesday as "a crazy
quilt of separate programs." Hartford's
Calixto Torres knew just what he meant.
Torres is director of the city's Employment Resources Development Agency,
the office that oversees the allocation of
federal job-training dollars in the Hartford area.
He sees daily how much time and money are spent on administrative tasks —
such as determining whether a laid-off
worker is eligible for a specific program
— instead of actual job-search help or
fining.
'"It's a logistical nightmare," Torres
'id, adding that the slow pace of the
system pushes many people to give up on
training and take whatever paying work
they can get — regardless of their skills
or potential.
The Clinton administration took the
first steps last week in its effort to transform rhe nation's unemployment system
into what the president calls a re-employment system.
Cunton and his labor secretary, Robert
B. Reich, said they"want to do away with
the hodgepodge of overlapping, and often ineffective, programs and replace
them with a unified system that will help
permanently laid-off workers adapt to a
changing economy. They say the initiative also will help employers get workers
with the skills they need.
Connecticut officials say the federal
effort -Aould dovetail well with reforms
niready under way in the state. Those
irclude the ongoing consolidation of
state unemployment and jobservice offices into unified "onestop" job centers.
But for Torres, working in a city
such as Hartford, help for what are
known as dislocated workers is just
one piece of the puzzle. About half
of the people served by his agency
fall under other programs, most for
the disadvantaged.
"They are two distinct groups,
and each has its own set of needs."
Torres said. And each also is served
by a multitude of overlapping pro-
grams — often with conflicting requirements, definitions and calendars — funded by various federal
departments.
Few dispute the need to revamp
the overburdened system, originally intended to provide temporary
relief until workers were called
back to their old jobs. Today, corporate restructurings, defense downsizing and increasing international
trade mean most layoffs are permanent. While the economy is creating
new jobs, finding the right match
between a laid-off worker's skills
and the new jobs' requirements can
be tough.
But there is no consensus as to
whether the president's proposal —
which stresses consolidation of dislocated-worker programs in the Department of Labor — will do the job.
Although strongly supported by
congressional Democrats, the
measure has uncertain prospeas
this year, given the number of other
major bills — such as health care,
crime and welfare reform — lawmakers are set to consider.
U.S. Rep. Christopher Shavs, R4th District, said he would like to
see consolidation on a much broader scale. Referring to reports to
Congress that show the nation
spends about $25 billion a year on
job training in more than 150 programs in 14 different agencies.
Shays said he expected more.
" I am puzzled why they would
take just one type of program —
those for dislocated workers — and
not a more comprehensive approach that anempts to consolidate
the whole host of different training
programs we have," Shays said.
Most of those other programs are
outside of the Labor Department, in
agencies such as the departments of
Education, Health and Human
Services and Veterans Affairs.
But others said the proposal provides an essential and large first
step.
"This fundamentally redesigns
the system for the modem era,"
U.S. Rep. Sam Gejdenson, D-2nd
District, said. "What we have today
is a work force in transition almost
constantly."
The system, he said, must b^ ubk
to respond to that need.
To do that, Clinton and Reich propose establishing one-stop career
centers to provide an array of
services, including counseling, resume writing, job listings, as well as
information on obtaining unemployment benefits and job-training
options.
The six programs established to
help specific groups of dislocated
workers — such as defense workers
or those hurt by foreign trade —
would be merged, eliminating eligibility questions and focusing attention more on services.
"No .American unemployed person should have to navigate the
maze of laws that the Congress
passes for different reasons," Clinton said Wednesday. "The average
American doesn't care what law he
or she fits under; they just want to
know: Here I am, I need a job, I need
training, how am I going to get it?"
Thorn Meglin, training coordinator for Machinists District 91, which
represents Pratt & Whitney workers in Connecticut, couldn't agree
more.
"Simplifying the process has to
help," Meglin sajd, adding that every time roadblocks get in the way
of granting programs federal aid.
laid-off workers fall through the
system's cracks.
The plan, which Reich estimated
would cost $13 billion over five
years, also would do away with the
current system of extended unemployment benefits for the long-term
jobless, replacing it with a program
that would provide additional payments for people enrolled in longterm training.
The bill also would let some unemployed workers collect benefits
while starting their own businesses,
and allow states to provide additional payments to people who find
jobs in the first 12 weeks after losing their jobs. State benefits generally last 26 weeks.
... f
�Officials say re-employment plan should
dovetail with state efforts
Lontmued from Page 1
Gejdenson noted that he had included some of the president's proposals in his own reform bill introduced last month, including a
provision that would help employers retrain for other tasks workers
slated to lose their jobs.
But others argue that the system
needs broader reform.
'The starting point on any discussion about job training is how to
completely overhaul the current
system and create a new one that
works. Nothing less,'' said U.S. Sen.
Nancy Kassebaum, R-Kan., the
ranking member of the Labor Committee.
The General Accounting Office,
the investigative arm of Congress,
also has issued recommendations
for more wide-scale consolidations.
Reich told Kassebaum's committee Thursday this program is the
start of a broader initiative. He said
the bill will give states thebption of
running all training programs
through the one-stop career centers.
But Republicans such as Kassebaum and U.S. Rep. John R. Kasich
of Ohio, ranking member of the
House Budget Committee, will need
to be convinced that the increased
allocations for training will be well
spent.
Kasich said he is worried the Clinton plan would impose new restrictions on states trying to come up
with creative approaches to job
training.
Lawmakers in Connecticut's
General Assembly are considering
a measure that could better position
the state for grant money from the
new program and increase the flexibility of the state's job-training system.
State Rep. Michael P. Lawlor, DEast Haven, and co-ohairman of the
legislature's labor committee, said
he wants Connecticut to offer true
one-stop shopping for job seekers
and employers.
"Ideally, we want to have a system where whether it's a displaced
worker, a welfare recipient or a
business trying to get job-training
money for its employees, they
would go to the same place," Lawlor
said. "But just putting all ine Labor
(department] stuff in one place :s a
major improvement."
Connecticut also is considering
creating a system using job-training
cards — similar to debit cards —
that would make it easier for the
unemployed to get the kind of training they want and need.
The state bill also would set up a
pilot program under which unemployed people who want to try to
start their own businesses would
not lose state unemployment benefits. A similar provision is included
in the Reich plan.
But improvements in the training
system cannot compensate for the
lack of opportunities in a state still
struggling to recover from a drawnout recession. While recent economic reports have been more
promising, layoffs continue at defense contractors such as Pratt, insurers such as The Travelers and
financial institutions such as Fleet
Bank.
"The need these workers have is
jobs. The problem is that retraining
isn't going to be the answer in situations where there aren't many jobs
available," said Peter Barth. a professor of economics at the University of Connecticut in Storrs.
Torres said the training agencies
can help, but only if the federal
government gives them the tools
they need.
"We need a lot more flexibility
and decision-making authority at
the local level," he said, "so" the
training gets to the individual as
soon as that person needs it and so
we can respond to the job market
faster."
Courant Staff Wnter Andreu Junen
contributed to this story.
�Iht
HAKI^OSO COUHANl
S u n d a y , M u . c h 13, 19V4
Clinton takes a big gamble on jobs creation
David S. Broder
The "jobs summit" of industrial nations that has drawn President Clinton, Vice President Gore
and other top administration officials to Detroit (today through
Tuesday) is another example of
leaders' finally catching up to the
people. Families figured out by the
middle of the Bush administration
that the layoffs hitting them, their
f r i e n d s and their communities
were not just another swing in the familiar up-anddown business cycle.
The anxiety bred by those layoffs was a major
reason that George Bush is no longer president.
Even as the economic recovery that began in
Bush's final year gains momentum, Clinton knows
the "structural unemployment" problem remains
to be solved.
The bureaucratic battlefields of Washington
and the nation are littered with the bones of previous job-training and employment programs
The record does not intimidate l abor Secrelary Robert B Reich, the point man on these prob "
lems " I am contidenV' he said in an interview
"There are working models in Hamden, Conn., in
Baltimore, in Louisville, Ky , in Sunnyvale, Calif "
Skeptics would question his self-assuredness,
but-Reich has managed to do some things that are
— in Washington terms — unprecedented. Ikreached across the jurisdictional moat of the Wash
ington Mall and found in Education Secretary Rich
ard W. Riley a partner who was willing to overcome
the traditional jealousies between their departments T heir collaboration has produced a schoolto-work transition bill, passed in slightly diflerent
forms hy the House and Senate and soon to reach
the president's desk The two depailments will use
the modestly funded bill to get better coordination
at the state and local level of work related high
school programs for the 75 percent of students who
do not go on to get four-year college decrees
Far more ambitious is the •"re-employment
plan" introduced at the White House last week. It
addresses a problem that everyone acknowledges:
The nature o! joblessness has changed. As Reich
said, the currenl system of unemployment benefits
was designed to provide something to.tide you
over until you get the old job back again
. alter a
recession."
But last year, three-fourths of the layoffs in
volved permanent job losses..The $
billion that
state anil federal governments spent that year on
regular and emergency unemployment benefits
kept people afloat — but rarely did much to help
them find new jobs.
Reich's Strategy calls for c l i m u u i t t h e s|n:
cial eligibility requirements tor .several . i l the cxi.-.l
ing job training programs
u q u u e i i i i iits that
slow down laid-off woiki-rs who want to a n i u m
new skills. He would merge (hem into a single |>io
gram, run through "one-stop" |o|j cciiteis
It sounds like - - and probably is
an eminem
ly sensible approach. Bul many o i the eleiiieni-.
have been tried before, with scant sm cevv When
Richard M Nixon ran for pn.'Mileni back in
he promised a "computerized job ilala bank
Thai's the same promise lhe ( Imion |>lan > uiiiains
Lawrence I . Katz. (he chief ei iin. iiiisi in
Reich's deparlmenl, says that many ol tin: cun
cisms are valid, but insists they have been taken
into account in designing the adimmM i al ion pmposal Bul others in both nulusiiy and laboi who
have experience wilh job training and . ounselmg
for lhe long-temi unemployed agree ihal govern
ment programs in this area have a spoity re-cord.
It is a big gamble, carrying a
billion price
tag over five years Keit h says il bas been held
tested enough to demonsirale its praciicaliiy. With
more than 2 million dislocated workers a year looking for help in finding new jobs, you have to hope
he is right.
David S. Broder i.s <i svnilu iiit il \\'ii:J:iji. j,</i
iolmnmsl.
�""•
-A«"C<0
lOOBlNT
-hunaay v t - r :
• Clinton backs
retraining
to aid jobless
By MICHAEL REMEZ
Courant Staff Wnter
redundancy among programs
The initiative, called the Reemployment Act of 1994. now goes to
WASHINGTON - President Congress for approval and is exClinton called Wednesday for a re- pected to face debate over what
vamping of the nation's unemploy- form the changes will take
ment system to focus on helping
laid-off workers get new jobs, in- The plan calls for the creation of
stead of tiding them over until their one-stop career centers to help jobless .Americans get in one place all
old jobs open up again.
"We know that the great majority the information they need, from
of workers who are laid off aren't traimngoptionstojob listings That
going to get their old jobs back." would mean people would not have
Clinton told a White House audi- to shuttle from agencv to agency for
ence crowded with Democratic law- needed services, Reich said '
In a briefing after the speech
makers, state and local officials and
Reich said certain stales - he intraining advocates.
He referred to structural changes cluded Connecticut - have been
in the economy that are still elimi- attempting to improve their own
nating thousands of jobs, while cre- systems but must work around reating new ones — many demanding strictions imposed bv Washington
different skills — at the same time. Reich pointed to the recently re"Every one of you who has ever structured state job center m Hamdealt with it knows that the existing den. Conn., as an example of how
system for unemplovment and the one-stop centers could operate.
training is simplv broken." Clinton • Reich visited the center last December at the invitation of U.S. Rep
said.
.'he changes are intended to help Rosa L. DeLauro, D-3rd District.
Connecticut has been working to
states provide assistance — such as
revamp its system for nearly three
job-search help or information on
years, merging local unemployretraining options — to the jobless
ment offices with what have been
taster and with fewer obstructions
•known as Job Service Centers. Trafrom the federal government.
ditionally, the two offices had been
The plan, which Secretary of Laseparated, forcing new applicants
bor Robert B. Reich estimated
to sign up for unemployment in one
would cost "$ Li billion over five
office and then go to the job service
years, also would do away with the
to start the search for work.
cufrent system of extended unemNow the newly jobless can get
ployment benefits for the long-term
much of the information they need
jobless. In its place would be a prom one place, including computergram that ties prolonged payments
ized job listings. So far. rhe task has
'o enrollment in long-term training.
been completed at onlv two or the
The plan, unveiled at an East
state Department of Labor's 18 fi Id
Room ceremony, calls for merging
o'Yices — Hamden and Manchesi -r.
into one program the six DepartThe plan is to complete the reorgament of Labor programs now i n . nization by mid-1996.
lace to help people known as "disBennett Pudlin. executive direc-,
cated workers" — those who have
tor of the unemployment program
st their jobs through factors over
for the state labor depanment. atwhich they have no control, such as
tended the ceremony and. for the
defense cuts or international trade.
most part, liked what he heard.
That. Reich said, would reduce
"Connecticut is really positioned
delays caused by determining eligito take advantage of "this legislability' and would reduce overlap and tion." Pudlin said, adding that a bill
before the labor committee in the
ihxto Torres. J.irec...-:- -J: r •
K.mpioymem Resource* L V - o
T.ent Agency in HarrfxrU -•> •.: • ..•
program sounds like a step •• -rv- •
' I nope that we wiil
-•.•.••uiiv-re flexibility as it come- ::.-'.>.•-.
• e local level." Torres ajio : 1 om , •
oYce in Hanford.
Today, the unemployed "<•<!-' -.t
..'.u; certain categories :o qualify !••."
•elp from the dislocated-worker
.•rograms. But the rules are so
h
•v'icfive that two people laid ••
•
"iame factor.- .•r..gh; .-. .
q.:-i!'.fy for the same aid. defend'"-'
on the specific work thev did
To end that, the Clint'-n nlawould merge programs for worke--who lost their jobs for different r.-sons, such as defense cuts. ro,-u-n
trade and certain environm*rir-i
mi'iatives. Those are just three ev.
amples of the lavers of program-,
put.m place by the federal go'vernrr.ent over the years.
But each of the existing p r n g r a ,
also has its supponers in Congress
•ind among powerful lobbvin^
?roups such as organized labor" Wnng up a likely fight over speni-:wording of the legislation
DeLauro. an enthusiastic -LIDporter of the initiative who attended
the White House ceremony
she will work to overcome 'hos,r,
r
t h e
'•• •" fewer benefits under thVne3tem.
"The quicker we can get people
assistance for job training and reemployment, the better our chance^
are ot putting them back to work "
DeLauro said.
n V^n
'
- Kennelly.
D- 1st D,str,ct. and Sam Gejdenson.
L -nd D.stnct. were among rhe
block of Democratic lawmakers
who attended the ceremony and
gave the president a rousing ovation when he entered the room
Gejdenson said the program will
help workers find jobs quickly "and
develop the skills thev need to compete in our rapidly changing econoR e p S
B a r b a r a
B
The National Governors' Associat'on issued a statement of general
support, but cautioned that rhe act
must be a first step in consolidating
•ederal job-training programs now
in a multitude of agencies.
The governors also warned that
In??
u
e new
mandates that limit states' flexibi!,them
l < for
S h
g
e
0 U l d
n o t
n p r o g r a m s
S e n
t a t l v e s
t h a t
w o r
o f b u s i n e
h a t l a w m a k e r
J
Some lawmakers also are l.kelv
costs
Program
6
C O n C e r n e c l
J:
-
r.
-
v. C
~ 1;
- 5 ?~ - ^
~ "3 •J 3
1) C 'J z •
.= < Z i
, n c l u d
r,nn ^l ,
s s caueal ^
^ u s t include
real Imks between available jobs
and job training.
e
_ ^
a b o u t
U S Rep. Christopher Shavs. R-
up n
�THE HARTFORD COURANT: FTidoy. February 18. 1^4
Bill wouidwiden eligibility
for job retraining aid
By ANDREW JLTIEN
Cvunm St:!" Writer
MIDDLETOWN — A new bill designed to blunt the pain of joblessness would significantly expand the
pool of people eligible to join federal education and retraining programs
The legislation, announced
Thursday by U S Rep. Sam Gejdenson. D-2nd District, would allow
people who work at plants or companies facing the possibility of being laid off to join the programs,
rather than forcing them to wait
how many people would be affected, he said that broadening the eligibility for current programs would
save money in the long run by keeping people off the unemployment
rolls. The goal, he said, is to expand
eligibility, but remain within current budget guidelines.
We have to change the way our
entire system works," Gejdenson
said. Tt "is much cheaper to get people trained and back to work while
they're taxpaying Americans rather
than leaving them out in the cold."
U.S. Labor Secretary Robert L.
until they are actually jobless.
Reich has been pushing a compreIt would also allow workers in • hensive plan that would focus the
communities affected bv the ripple : unemployment system on proeffect of those layoffs to apply for ; grams that get people back to work,
help, as well as provide aid to comrather than simply support them fipanies interested in developing pronancially while they are jobless.
grams to retrain their workers to do
Although the federal government
different tasks.
offers a sweeping array of retrain"The biggest complaint I've
ing and education programs for disfound is you actually have to wait
located workers, Gejdenson said,
until you're thrown out the door
they are geared to people who actuuntil assistance kicks in," Gejdenally have lost their jobs.
son said at a press conference anOnce they've lost their positions.
nouncing the legislation.
The bill could help thousands of
dislocated workers are often working two or three part-time jobs to
survive, leaving little time to invest
Connecticut residents. Plans for
in education or training, state labor
sweeping layoffs in 1994 already
leaders said. They are also trying to
have been announced at Pratt &
cope with the stress of joblessness.
Whitney, Aetna Life & Casualty Co.
and Southern New England Tele"What's currently happening
communications Corp.
now is people in the shop know
Under the plan, workers would
their number's coming up," said
become eligible for help once there
Andy Romegialli, directing labor
has been a public announcement of
representative of District 91 of the
a closure or of a significant layoff.
International Association of MaGejdenson. one of the bill's original
chinists, which represents Pratt
sponsors, said he hoped Congress
workers. "This is the time they need
would approve the plan by August.
training."
Virginia Ascolese, a former Aetna
Although Gejdenson had no firm
employee on hand at the Connectiestimates of the program's cost or
cut United Labor Agency office i •.
Middletown for the announcenien;.
said having help available before
she lost her job preparing financial
reports might have made for an easier transition.
" I think it would help a lot of
people in the future," said Ascolese.
of Manchester. "When a person
loses a ob this way, it's devastating
It's right up next to death and divorce."
State labor leaders on hand for
Gejdenson's announcement said
the plan makes sense, given the fact
that most Americans' security is
tied closely, to having a job.
�3
THE HARTFORD COURANT: WadnMdoy, F«fcrv«y 9, 1994
r
Clinton^ school goals win backing
Washington Post
WASHINGTON - Breaking
through years of deadlock over education policy, the Senate Tuesday
approved Clinton administration
bills to set goals for the nation's
schools and pump up to $700 million a year into efforts to improve
education and prepare students for
jobs.
President Clinton also won a partial victory in the House as its Education and Labor Committee approved a compromise to provide
more compensatory education
money to school systems with the
highest concentrations of poor children.
The Senate approved the administration's "Goals 2000" legislation,
which authorizes $400 million a
year for grants to encourage innovative efforts to improve learning in
line with new national goals and
standards for student performance,
by a bipartisan vote of 71-25.
By a vote of 62-31, the Senate also
approved a separate "school-towork" program authorizing $300
million a year to help schools create
work-based learning programs for
students who do not go on to college.
The House has approved similar
bills, virtually ensuring their enactment this year.
But actual funding for both programs depends on appropriations
bills to be passed later this year.
With budget limits forcing cuts in
current spending to accommodate
new programs, senators indicated
that some but probably not all of the
programs will be funded.
Some also suggested that Congress was overpromising in laying
out goals, such as world-class science and mathematics performance
and a huge increase in the high
school graduation rate, that cannot
possibly be achieved in sue years.
"Are we in fact legislating an official lie? That is a goal governments
achieve all too readily," said Sen.
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, D-N.Y.
The Goals 2000 bill dates from
1989, when President Bush joined
with the nation's governors, including then-Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkan-
sas, to set goals and standards for
student performance. But the resulting legislation became entangled in the issue of private school
choice and other largely partisan
disputes.
Goals set out by the legislation
include readiness for learning for
all children when they enter school,
a high school graduation rate of 90
percent (it is now about 74 percent),
competence in major subjects at
various grades in school, universal
adult literacy and a drug- and violence-free education for all children.
Grants would be allocated
through states to local- school systems to help pay for efforts to improve curriculum, teaching preparation and other aspects of public
education.
The school-to-work bill would
provide what the sponsor. Sen. Paul
Simon, D-Ill., called "venture capital" to initiate programs, including
cooperative efforts with local employers, to prepare non-collegebound students for jobs that have a
future.
1
TMF HAITFOtD COUtANT: Thimdoy, Mrary 10, 1994
r-
U.S. emergency jobless aid may be ending
By ANDREW JUUEN
Courant Staff Writer
The federal government's onagain, off-again emergency compensation program for jobless people who have used up their state
unemployment benefits finally appears to be at an end.
The state stopped accepting new
applications for benefits Jan. 30,
and a federal labor official said it is
unlikely that Congress will fund another extension of the program.
"There's not talk at this time, so it
doesn't seem likely," said Walter
Baran, acting regional unemployment insurance director at the U.S.
Labor Department's Boston office.
State residents were eligible for
as many as seven weeks of additional payments under the program.
Those who qualified before Jan. 30,
but have not vet received their full
allocation, will continue to receive
State residents who
qualified before Jan. 30
for as many as seven
weeks of additional
payments, but have not
yet received their full
allocation, will continue
to receive payments.
ries of extensions in Congress, the
most recent one — a $1.1 biUion
package — last November.
Baran said it is unlikely Congress
or the Clinton administration will
press for another extension of the
program. Instead, the Clinton administration probably will focus on
U.S. Secretary of Ubor Rnh»rt
Reich's plan to change the nation's
unemployment system into one that
does more to help the jobless find
new jobs.
In Connecticut, 188,363 people
payments, the state labor depart- claimed benefits under the emergency program between November
ment said.
The change in the federal emer- 1991 and December 1993.
gency program will not affect the
Although Connecticut in 1993
state's regular unemployment com- posted its fifth consecutive annual
pensation system, under which job- job loss, the state's unemployment
less residents can receive benefits rate in December 1993 dipped to 5.9
for as many as 26 weeks.
percent, the level it hit in October
The federal program started in and the lowest level since February
1991 and survived because of a se- 1991.
�THE HAITFOtD COUtANT: ToWoy, F«brvo»y I,
\99A^M
Job retraining greeted with caution
By CHRIS SHERIDAN
Courant Staff Writer
WASHINGTON — Nobody's
complaining that the federal budget
plan released Monday would bring
the state lots more bucks for job
training.
They just want to make sure jobs
will actually follow the training.
"One of the real problems is:
What are we retraining people for?"
said Phil Wheeler, director of the
United Auto Workers region that
includes Connecticut. "Nobody is
hiring — at least not here."
He and others in the state hailed a
budget plan that pours millions of
dollars into retraining adults for
new jobs and training young people
for their first jobs — but not without
reservations.
The president's plan increases
spending by more than $ 1 billion on
a whole range of work programs;
the plan would send Connecticut an
additional $4.6 million — an increase of more than 30 percent — in
certain initiatives aimed at dislocated workers.
"To us it sounds like great news,"
said Janet Daisley, deputy director
of the Connecticut Business & Industry Association's Education
Foundation. "What it reflects is a
true understanding of the desperate
needs we have in Connecticut."
At the same time, though, those
familiar with the state's economic
woes said more must be done to
create employment opportunities;
they also warned that new money
must be well targeted to be of any
use to workers.
"If he's increasing the pot, that's
good," U.S. Rep. Nancy L. Johnson,
R-6th, said of President Clinton's
proposal. "But unless he's spending
the money . . . more efficiently,
we're not going to get anywhere."
The administration is expected to
submit a wide-ranging Re-Employment Act proposal this month; the
legislation seeks to consolidate a
series of job programs under one
umbrella, and also create so-called
one-stop career centers where citizens can secure unemployment
support and job training, and also
leam about career options and existing openings.
"It makes sense," U.S. Sen.
Christopher J. Dodd, D-Conn., said
Monday. "You need to have several
guides to get you through the maze
of the existing patchwork."
The state's senior senator said he
understood worries about the
amount of work available in Connecticut, but said strong training
programs could spur development.
"A critical element in attracting
more work to Connecticut is having
a work force that is capable of doing
the [new] jobs," Dodd said.
And the key to successful training, many said Monday, is taking
steps to encourage business to be
involved in training efforts. The private sector knows what skills it
needs, Daisley and others agreed.
"You don't want to do the training
in a vacuum," she said.
In fact, both U.S. Rep. Sam Gejdenson, D-2nd, and Johnson favor
giving workers training earlier —
namely, while they still are employed.
Gejdenson recommended that
the government give more people
access to existing programs, while
Johnson suggested it grant businesses incentives to do training inhouse.
"What we want to do is make sure
[that] before your number comes
up, you can access those education
and training opportunities," Gejdenson said.
Beyond training adult workers,
Clinton's plan also dedicates significant resources to initiatives designed to give young people necessary job skills. The so-called schoolto-wnrk program — coordinated by
both the Education and Labor departments — would total $300 million in the next fiscal year, an increase of 200 percent.
Gejdenson and others said the
large investment is warranted because such programs have garnered little support in the past; still,
Johnson and others said, care must
be taken that such a large increase
is well monitored—yet not eaten up
by the bureaucracy needed to oversee it.
�THE HARTFORD COURANT: Fnday. February 18. m 4
Bill wouidwiden eligibility
for job retraining aid
By ANDREW' JIXIEN
Lvurant Stuff' H'nttr
.MIDDLETOWN — A new bill designed to blunt the pain of joblessness would significantly expand the
pool of people eligible to join federal education and retraining programs.
The legislation, announced
Thursday by U.S. Rep. Sam Gejdenson. D-2nd District, would allow
people who work at plants or companies facing the possibility of being laid off to join the programs,
rather than forcing them to wait
how many people would be affected, he said that broadening the eligibility for current programs would
save money in the long run by keeping people off the unemployment
rolls The goal, he said, is to expand
eligibility, but remain within current budget guidelines.
We have to change the way our
entire system works." Gejdenson
said It is much cheaper to get people trained and back to work while
they're taxpaying Americans rather
than leaving them out in the cold "
U S. Labor Secretary Roben L.
until they are actually jobless.
Reich has been pushing a compreIt would also allow workers in • hensive plan that would focus the
communities affected bv the npple ; unemployment system on proeffect of those layoffs tb apply for : grams that get people back to work,
help, as well as provide aid to comrather than simply support them fipanies interested in developing pronancially while they are jobless.
grams to retrain their workers to do
Although the federal government
different tasks.
offers a sweeping array of retrainThe biggest complaint I've
ing and education programs for disfound is you actually have to wait
located workers, Gejdenson said
until you're thrown out the door
they are geared to people who actuuntil assistance kicks in." Gejdenally have lost their jobs.
son said at a press conference anOnce they've lost their positions
nouncing the legislation.
The bill could help thousands of
dislocated workers are often working two or three part-time jobs to
Connecticut residents Plans for
survive, leaving little time to invest
sweeping layoffs in 1994 already
in education or training, state labor
have been announced at Pratt &
leaders said. They are also trying to
Whitney. Aetna Life & Casualty Co.
cope with the stress of joblessness.
and Southern New England Tele"What's currently happening
communications Corp.
now is people in the shop know
Under the plan, workers would
their number's coming up," said
become eligible for help once there
Andy Romegialli, directing labor
has been a public announcement of
representative of District 91 of the
a closure or of a significant layoff.
International Association of MaGejdenson. one of the bill's original
chinists, which represents Pratt
sponsors, said he hoped Congress
workers. "This is the time they need
would approve the plan by August.
training."
Although Gejdenson had no firm
Virginia Ascolese, a former Aetna
estimates of the program's cost or
employee on hand at the Connecti-
cut United Labor Agency office i .
Middletown for the announcerr.er .
said having help available before
she lost her job preparing financial
reports might have made for an easier transition.
"I think it would help a lot of
people in the future," said Ascolese
of Manchester. "When a person
loses a job this way, it's devastating
It's right up next to death and divorce."
State labor leaders on hand for
Gejdenson's announcement said
the plan makes sense, given the fact
that most Americans' security is
tied closely, to having a job.
�THI HAITFOtO COUtANT: TuMdoy, Hbrv^f
\1** <D,M
Job retraining greeted with caution
By CHRIS SHERIDAN
Courant Staff Writer
WASHINGTON — Nobody's
complaining that the federal budget
plan released Monday would bring
the state lots more bucks for job
training.
They just want to make sure jobs
will actually follow the training.
"One of the real problems is:
What are we retraining people for?"
said Phil Wheeler, director of the
United Auto Workers region that
includes Connecticut. "Nobody is
hiring — at least not here."
He and others in the state hailed a
budget plan that pours millions of
dollars into retraining adults for
new jobs and training young people
for their first jobs — but not without
reservations.
The president's plan increases
spending by more than $1 billion on
a whole range of work programs:
the plan would send Connecticut an
additional $4.6 million — an increase of more than 30 percent — in
certain initiatives aimed at dislocated workers.
"To us it sounds like great news,"
said Janet Daisley, deputy director
of the Connecticut Business & Industry Association's Education
Foundation. "What it reflects is a
true understanding of the desperate
needs we have in Connecticut."
At the same time, though, those
familiar with the state's economic
woes said more must be done to
create employment opportunities;
they also warned that new money
must be well targeted to be of any
use to workers.
"If he's increasing the pot, that's
good," U.S. Rep. Nancy L Johnson,
R-6th, said of President Clinton's
proposal. "But unless he's spending
the money . . . more efficiently,
we're not going to get anywhere."
The administration is expected to
submit a wide-ranging Re-Employment Act proposal this month; the
legislation seeks to consolidate a
series of job programs under one
umbrella, and also create so-called
one-stop career centers where citizens can secure unemployment
support and job training, and also
leam about career options and existing openings.
"It makes sense," U.S. Sen.
Christopher J. Dodd, D-Conn., said
Monday. "You need to have several
guides to get you through the maze
of the existing patchwork."
The state's senior senator said he
understood worries about the
amount of work available in Connecticut, but said strong training
programs could spur development.
"A critical element in attracting
more work to Connecticut is having
a work force that is capable of doing
the [new) jobs," Dodd said.
And the key to successful training, many said Monday, is taking
steps to encourage business to be
involved in training efforts. The private sector knows what skills it
needs, Daisley and others agreed.
"You don't want to do the training
in a vacuum," she said.
In fact, both U.S. Rep. Sam Gejdenson, D-2nd, and Johnson favor
giving workers training earlier —
namely, while they still are employed.
Gejdenson recommended that
the government give more people
access to existing programs, while
Johnson suggested it grant businesses incentives to do training inhouse.
"What we want to do is make sure
[that] before your number comes
up, you can access those education
and training opportunities," Gejdenson said.
Beyond training adult workers,
Clinton's plan also dedicates significant resources to initiatives designed to give young people necessary job skills. The so-called schoqltn-wnrk program — coordinated by
both the Education and Labor dejartments — would total $300 milion in the next fiscal year, an increase of 200 percent.
Gejdenson and others said the
large investment is warranted because such programs have garnered little support in the past; still,
Johnson and others said, care must
be taken that such a large increase
is well monitored—yet not eaten up
by the bureaucracy needed to oversee it.
�Labor Department
Regional News Clips
FRIDAY - M R H L3, I99i
AC
0£PA/30S:0N - REGION I
THE HARTFORD COURANT: Monday, March 14 1994
Sorting through the job-training patchwork
Officials say Clinton's plan dovetails with state reforms
Bv MICHAEL REMEZ
"Courant Staff Wnter
WASHINGTON — When President
Clinton described the nation's job-training system last Wednesday as "a crazy
quilt of separate programs," Hartford's
Calixto Torres knew just what he meant.
Torres is director of the city's Employment Resources Development Agency,
the office that oversees the allocation of
federal job-training dollars in the Hartford area.
He sees daily how much time and money are spent on administrative tasks —
r
such as determining whether a laid-off
worker is eligible for a specific program
— instead of actual job-search help or
training.
lie
'It's a logistical nightmareY' Torres
id. adding that the slow pace of the
item pushes many people to give up on
training and take whatever paying work
they can get — regardless of their skills
or potential.
The Clinton administration took the
first steps last week in its effort to transform rhe nation's unemployment system
into what the president calls a re-employment system.
ciinton and his labor secretary. Robert
B. Reich, said they'want to do away with
the hodgepodge of overlapping, and often ineffective, programs and replace
them with a unified system that will help
permanently laid-off workers adapt to a
changing economy. They say the initiative also will help employers get workers
with the skills they need.
Connecticut officials say the federal
effnr ••vould dovetail well with reforms
a!ready under way in the state. Those
irclude the ongoing consolidation of
state unemployment and jobservice offices into unified "onestop " job centers.
But for Torres, working in a city
such as Hartford, help for what are
known as dislocated workers is just
one piece of the puzzle. About half
of the people served by his agency
fall under other programs, most for
the disadvantaged.
"They are two distinct groups,
and each has its own set of needs "
Torres said. And each also is served
by a multitude of overlapping pro-
grams — often with conflicting requirements, definitions and calendars — funded by various federal
departments.
Few dispute the need to revamp
the overburdened system, originally intended to provide temporary
relief until workers were called
back to their old jobs. Today, corporate restructurings, defense downsizing and increasing international
trade mean most layoffs are permanent. While the economy is creating
new jobs, finding the right match
between a laid-off worker's skills
and the new jobs' requirements can
be tough.
But there is no consensus as to
whether the president's proposal —
which stresses consolidation of dislocated-worker programs in the Department of Labor — will do the job.
Although strongly supported by
congressional Democrats, the
measure has uncertain prospects
this year, given the number of other
major bills — such as health care,
crime and welfare reform — lawmakers are set to consider.
U.S. Rep. Christopher Shavs. R*th District, said he would like to
see consolidation on a much broader scale. Referring to reports to
Congress that show the nation
spends about $25 billion a year on
job training in more than 150 programs in 14 different agencies.
Shays said he expeaed more.
" I am puzzled why they would
take just one type of program —
those for dislocated workers — and
not a more comprehensive approach that attempts to consolidate
the whole host of different training
programs we have." Shays said.
Most of those other programs are
outside of the Labor Department, in
agencies such as the departments of
Education, Health and Human
Services and Veterans Affairs.
But others said the proposal provides an essential and large first
step.
"This fundamentally redesigns
the system for the modem era,"
U S Rep. Sam Gejdenson. D-2nd
District, said "What we have today
is a work force in transition almost
constantly."
1
The system, he said, must br ablt
to respond to that need.
To do that, Clinton and Reich piopose establishing one-stop career
centers to provide an array of
services, including counseling, resume writing, job listings, as well as
information on obtaining unemployment benefits and job-training
options.
The sue programs established to
help specific groups of dislocated
workers — such as defense workers
or those hurt by foreign trade —
would be merged, eliminating eligibility questions and focusing attention more on services.
"No American unemployed person should have to navigate the
maze of laws that the Congress
passes for different reasons." Clinton said Wednesday "The average
American doesn't care what law he
or she fits under; they just want to
know: Here I am, I need a job, I need
training, how am I going to get i t "
Thorn Meglin, training coordinator for Machinists District 91. which
represents Pratt & Whitney workers in Connecticut, couldn't agree
more.
"Simplifying the process has to
help," Meglin sajd, adding that every time roadblocks get in the way
of granting programs federal aid.
laid-off workers fall through the
system's cracks.
The plan, which Reich estimated
would cost $13 billion over five
years, also would do away with the
current system of extended unemployment benefits for the long-term
jobless, replacing it with a program
that would provide additional payments for people enrolled in longterm training.
The bill also would let some unemployed workers collect benefits
while starting their own businesses,
and allow states to provide additional payments to people who find
jobs in the first 12 weeks after losing their jobs. State benefits generally last 26 weeks.
1
��A8
THE. NtWS JOURNAL
fMynspAv,
MARCH 10,1994
[jJ j j / r i u ^ ^ r r ^
t
j )
V
Clinton wants new system for jobless
Access to t r a i n i n g ,
benefits would be
under one r o o f
By ROBftRT NAVLOR JR.
Associated Pi ess
WASHINGTON
President
("linton Wednesday u n v e i l e d his
plun l o replace a n unemployment
system l h a t is " s i m p l y l i m k v n "
w i l h fine ofTering " o u r stop shop
p i n e " for dislocated w o r k e r s
( ' l i n t o n , i n a W h i t e House cere
mony, said his Reemployment A c t
w o u l d replace six p r o g r a m s oper
died at the state anil federal lev
cls w i t h one p r o g r a m t h a t offers
(ol) r o i i n s e l i n g and a l l o w s w o r k
n s l o apply for jobless benefits
and sign up for t r a i n i n g programs
a l l in one place
The p r e s i d e n t p r e s e n t e d t h e
plan to Congress as he prepares
to open a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l jobs conference M o n d a y i n D e t r o i t .
" T h e e x i s t i n g system for unem
ployment a n d t r a i n i n g is simply
b r o k e n i n t h a t it was designed for
an economy that no longer exists," C l i n t o n said.
He said the c u r r e n t system was
"designed t o h o l d p e o p l e u n t i l
they got t h e i r old jobs b a c k , " b u t
three of four workers laid o f f f r o m
t h r u jobs i n 1993 did not expert
In |>rl l l i e m hark.
Clinton's plan would provid*
extended joblesa licncfiLs for dis
p l a c e d w o r k e r s l e a r n i n g new
skills. Those d e c i d i n g to open
t h e i r o w n businesses c o u l d re
reive bencfils w h i l e the new en
tcrprises got o f f l h e g r o u n d
T h e president is asking C o n
gress t o spend $13 b i l l i o n over
live yenre o n I lie p r o g r a m , under
w h i c h c o n u n u i u t y colleges a n d
o t h e r local groups w o u l d compels
w i l h government r u n programs
for federal d o l l a r s l o r e t r a i n dislo
cnlod workers
Local hoiirds t h a t
included
business and labor leaders w o u l d
oversee t h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s ,
w h i c h w o u l d be required t o make
public their g r a d u a t i o n and placement rates a n d t h e average start
ing wages o f t h e i r a l u m n i .
Programs f a i l i n g l o live up to
e x p e c t a t i o n s c o u l d lose t h e i r
f u n d i n g C o m p e t i t i v e seed granta
w o u l d be a v a i l a b l e for sLitcs to
set up the c o u n s e l i n g a n d place
ment centers.
T h e p r o g r a m a l s o w o u l d encourage employers to reduce
w o r k e r hours across the hoard
r a t h e r t h a n l a y i n g o f f employees
Kor i n s t a n c e , a c o m p a n y w i t h
1,000 employees m i g h t c u t t h e
hours of a l l its w o r k e r s hy 10
hours a week r a t h e r t h a n laying
off 2f)0 workers. T h e employees
could then receive unemployment
benefits to make up lost income
T h i s is thn t h i r d piece o f C l i n
ion's legislation designed t o make
A m e r i c a n workers more c o m p c t i
l i v e w o r l d w i d e H i s proposal to
estalilish v o l u n t a r y n a t i o n a l stun
dards for elementary and second
ary schools and his plan for a
s c h o o l - t o w o r k t r a i n i n g a n d ap
prenticeship program already
have passed both houses of C o n
gress a n d a w a i t a compromise be
tween the House and Senate
C l i n i o n w i l l travel l o D e t r o i t t o
open the jobs conference himself
Aides sought Tuesday t o lower
expectations that the two day
meeting
will
produce
any dra
m n t i c solutions to the p r o b l e m o f
chronically high unemployment
a r o u n d the w o r l d
Robert R u b i n , d i r e c t o r o f the
president's National Kconomic
C o u n c i l , said the meeting w i l l n o t
produce " a communique o r events
or initiatives."
Conference participants w i l l include t o p economic officials f r o m
the w o r l d ' s seven richest industrial countries the United
Slates, J a p a n , C c n n a n y , B r i t a i n ,
l-'rnnee, Canada and Italy
plus
rcprcseittntivcs from the 12 n a t i o n
Kuropean U n i o n
�ROTH
FINANCE
�REA Congressional Committee
Summary Sheet
Sen. William Roth (R-DE)
SH-104
202/224-2441
Committee:
Finance
Recent Legislative History
(Y indicates voted with DOL position)
Budget Amendment
N
Budget Reconciliation
N
Budget Resolution Adoption
N
EUC #4
N
Goals 2000
Y
Electoral Information:
% of Vote in last election Labor $ as % of total contribs.-
Kerrey/Brown Amendment
NAFTA
School -to-Work
Stimulus Package
Y
Y
N
N
62%
0%
Other Information Acquired and Available:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Counties/Cities within CD's
Counties/Cities with above average unemployment rates (highlighted in yellow)
REA related newspaper articles and editorials organzied by state
Community and Technical Colleges by CD
1993 Title III Discretionary Grant awards by state and CD
Racial/Ethnic make up of district
Major media in district
Major employers by CD
Pro-NAFTA Businesses by State and CD
Businesses supporting REA (highlighted in green)
Major layoffs by state (partial)
�Senators and Staffs • 1-105
W am V. Roth, Jr.
KEY STAFF AIDES
Name
Position
John M. Duncan Admin. Asst.
Vema Hensley
Press Secy.
Mark Mullet
Tax Counsel
Nancy Anderson Legis. Asst.
Ian Butterfield
Legis. Asst.
Mark Forman
Legis. Asst.
Mary Irace
Legis. Asst.
R -Delaware
Reelection Year: 1994
Began Service: 1971
SH-104 Hart Senate
Office Building
Washington, DC
20510-0801
Paul Kerkhoven
Betty Martin
Legis. Asst.
Appts. Secy.
Legislative Responsibility
Economics, Labor (Taxes)
Education, Grants, Housing
Foreign Affairs
Defense
Joint Economic (Economic Growth Subcommittee); Trade
Energy/Environment
COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS
Committee
Subcommittee(s)
BIOGRAPHICAL
Born: //,
corn: 7/22/21
Wilmington
Ji.A., U. of Ore.;
J.A./LL.B.,
Harvard U.
Prof.: Attorney; U.S.
House of Reps.,
1967-71
Rel.: Episcopalian
Housing and Urban Affairs • International Finance and Monetary Policy • Securities
Finance
(202) 2 2 4 - 2 4 4 1
Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs
Taxation, Ranking Minority Member • Health for Families and
the Uninsured • International Trade
Governmental Affairs,
Ranking Minority Member
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Ranking Minority
Member • Ex officio member of all other subcommittees
Joint Economic Committee
No subcommittees at press time
OTHER POSITIONS
Senate Republican Policy Committee • The Congressional Military Reform Caucus, Chairman
• Senate Republican Task Force on Health Care • The Congressional Fire Services Caucus,
Co-Chairman • Congressional Fire Services Institute, Honorary Co-Chairman
STATE OFFICES
3021 Federal Bldg., 844 King St., Wilmington, DE 19801
2215 Federal Bldg., 300 So. New St., Dover, DE 19901
12 The Circle, Georgetown, DE 19947
© Congressional Yellow Book
(302) 573-6291
(302) 674-3308
(302) 856-7690
Summer 1993
�REA Congressional Committee
Summary Sheet
Rep. Sam Gibbons (D-ll FL)
2204-RHOB
202/225-3376
Committee:
Ways & Means
Legislative History:
DOL support percentage- 88%
(X- indicates voted with DOL position)
*School-to-Work
X
*GoaIs 2000
X
Budget Resolution Adoption
X
Stimulus Package
X
Budget Reconciliation
X
Electoral Information:
1992 Percent of VoteLabor $ as % of total contribs.-
EUC #4
Strikebreaker Vote
NAFTA
EUC #5
Penny-Kasich
X
X
X
X
53%
2%
Other Information Acquired and Available:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Counties/Cities within CD's
Counties/Cities with above average unemployment rates (highlighted in yellow)
REA related newspaper articles and editorials organized by state
Community and Technical Colleges by CD
1993 Title III Discretionary Grant awards by state and CD
Racial/Ethnic make up of district
Major media in district
Major employers by CD
Pro-NAFTA Businesses by State and CD
J./0f/&
Business supporting REA (highlighted in green)
Major layoffs by state (partial)
* vote not calculated when determining support percentage
�American Assn of Conmunity CoUeges
FEDERAL RELATIONS
03:20:24 P
M
Run Date: 05/20/93
Page: 24
Terminal: T24
Selection: AACC MEMBERS IN CONG. DISTRICT
C
O
NAME
COLLEGE
CITY/STATE
ZIP
TLPOE
EEHN
FX
A
0K86
11
Charles G. Caldwell
Florida College
Temple Terrace FL
33617
(813)988-5131
(813)985-9654
01666
11
Andreas A. Palounpis
Hillsborough Comunity College
Tampa FL
33631-3127
(813)253-7000
(813)253-7136
Pasco-Hemando C m Col
o
Dade City F
L
33525-7599
(904)567-6701
(904)567-6701
Avon Park F
L
33825
(813)453-6661
(813)452-6042
Winter Haven F
L
33881-4299
(813)297-1000
(813)297-1053
12R£RIDA
00978
12 ^Milton 0. Jones
01926
12
Catherine
01270
12
Maryly VanLeer Peck
13
Stephen J. Korcheck
Manatee Conmunity College
Bradenton F
L
34206
(813)755-1511
(813)755-8511
14
Kenneth Walker
Edison Conmunity College
Fort Myers
33906-6210
(813)489-9300
(813)489-9399
15
Maxwell C King
.
Brevard Conmunity College
Cocoa FL
32922N
(407)632-1111
(407)633-4565
16
Edward M. Eissey
Palm Beach Conmunity College
Lake Worth FL
33461
(407)439-8004
(407)439-8202
i l i u s South Florida Con Col
Comunity College
13FLORIDA
00536
14FlOR^
00450
IORID*
00628
16FL0RIDA
01074
�FLORIDA
300
Rep. Sam M. Gibbons (D)
Elected 1962; b. Jan. 20, 1920, Tampa; home, Tampa; U. of FL,
J.D. 1947; Presbyterian; married (Martha).
Career: Army, 1941-45 (WWII); Practicing atty., 1947-62; FL
House of Reps., 1952-58; FL Senate, 1958-62.
Offices: 2204 RHOB 20515, 202-225-3376. Also 2002 N. Lois
Ave., #260, Tampa 33607, 813-870-2101; and 201 S. Kings Ave.,
#6, Brandon 33511, 813-689-2847.
Committees: Ways and Means (2d of 24 D): Trade (Chmn.).
Joint Committee on Taxation (2d of 5).
Group Ratings
1992
1991
ADA
65
60
ACLU COPE
77
50
—
58
CDF
90
100
CFA
87
67
LCV
50
62
National Journal Ratings
1991 LIB — 1991 CONS
Economic
59% —
40%
Social
66% —
33%
Foreign
59% —
39%
ACU NTLC
22
0
16
—
NSI
60
—
COC
25
30
CEI
18
16
1992 L I B - 1 9 9 2 CONS
55% —
44%
66% —
33%
44% —
56%
Key Votes of the 102d Congress
1. Ban Striker Replace AGN
2. $ for Homeownership FOR
3. Tax Rich/Cut Mid Cls. FOR
4. FY93/J15B Def. Cut FOR
5. Handgun Wait/7-Day FOR
6. Overseas Mil. Abortion FOR
7. Obscn. Art NEA $ Ban FOR
8. Death Pen. from Jury FOR
9. Use Force in Gulf
AGN
10. US Mil. Abroad $ Cut AGN
11. Limit SDI Funds
FOR
12. Cuba Trade Embargo FOR
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
1. Family Leave
FOR
2. Deficit Reduction
FOR
3. Stimulus Plan
FOR
Election Results
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
(FL 7)
Sam M. Gibbons (D)
Mark Sharpe (R)
Joe DeMinico (I)
Sam M. Gibbons (D), unopposed
Sam M. Gibbons (D)
Charles Prout (R)
100,984
77,640
12,730
(53%)
(41%)
(7%)
($960,511)
($51,393)
($35,534)
99,454
47,754
(68%)
(32%)
($825,795)
TV/ELFTH DISTRICT
t
The great gleaming cities of Florida, with their skyscrapers rising over bays and rivers, are near
the Atlantic or Gulf coasts. But much of the older Florida, the parts of the state most heavily
settled half a century ago, is inland. Such is the Florida of Polk County, the biggest inland
county south of Orlando, with its many lakes and the small cities of Lakeland, Bartow, Lake
Wales and Winter Haven. Orange groves are still plentiful here, and the citrus business is still a
mainstay of the local economy; turpentine distilleries, dependent on the big stands of pine, are
�• ••I
298
FLORIDA
Key Votes of the 102d Congress
1. Ban Striker Replace AGN 5. Handgun Wait/7-Day FOR
2. $ for Homeownership FOR 6. Overseas Mil. AbortionAGN
3. Tax Rich/Cut Mid Cls.AGN 7. Obscn. Art NEA $ Ban FOR
4. FY93/$15B Def. Cut AGN 8. Death Pen. from Jury FOR
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
I. Family Leave
FOR
Election Results
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
(FL 8)
2. Deficit Reduction
C. W. (Bill) Young (R)
Karen Moffitt (D)
C. W. (Bill) Young (R), unopposed
C. W. (Bill) Young (R), unopposed
AGN
9. Use Force in Gulf
FOR
10. US Mil. Abroad $ Cut AGN
11. Limit SDI Funds AGN
12. Cuba Trade Embargo FOR
3. Stimulus Plan
149,606
114,809
(57%)
(43%)
AGN
($459,861)
($202,000)
($201,188)
ELEVENTH DISTRICT
lp
I hi
Tampa, Florida, was one of America's boom towns of the 1980s. Tampa's industrial past goes
back to 1886, when Cuban cigar-makers left Key West for what became the Ybor City
neighborhood of Tampa; soon after it was the major takeoff spot for U.S. troops in the SpanishAmerican War of 1898; it also became a major citrus distribution center. The old industrial city
developed along the waterfront, where today you can find the world's longest sidewalk (6.5 miles
along Bayshore Boulevard) and still see the 13 minarets of Tampa pioneer Henry B. Plant's
1890s Arabian-style Tampa Bay Hotel (long since taken over by the University of Tampa). For a
time, Tampa seemed drearily industrial. Now, with a diversified economy, a fast-growing service
sector and, not entirely coincidentally, what is quite possibly the nation's most pleasant and
convenient major airport, it has moved ahead, with subdivisions and condominiums, office
towers and low-rise commercial buildings spreading inland across swamps and lowlands.
Through all this, and in contrast to St. Petersburg with its many retirees, Tampa has remained
a city of families and young people, a place with a blue-collar past which is quickly moving
upscale as it expands. To be sure, it has had some setbacks: George Steinbrenner's American
Ship Building had some rough going with defense contracts in 1992 and the Tampa Bay area
didn't get a major league baseball team to fill the Suncoast Dome across Tampa Bay as it had
hoped. But the smell of cigars still wafts over Ybor City (though pollution controllers want to get
rid of it) and Tampa is still an important military command center: Central Command, which
ran the Gulf war, is headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, and General Norman
Schwarzkopf remains a Tampa area resident.
The 11th Congressional District of Florida consists of Tampa and two-thirds of surrounding
Hillsborough County. Tampa was historically Democratic as St. Petersburg was Republican,
but in fact the two sides of Tampa Bay seem to have come together politically, both voting for
George Bush in 1988, both heavily rejecting Governor Bob Martinez, a former Tampa mayor,
and both almost evenly split between Bill Clinton and George Bush in 1992. The Tampa area,
however, has had the same congressman since its creation in 1962, Democrat Sam Gibbons. He
looks like an old-fashioned southern congressman, and has the philosophy of one: specifically, of
Cordell Hull, who during decades in Congress and as secretary of state under Franklin Roosevelt
championed the cause of free trade. From studying the years before and after World War II,
Gibbons carries the conviction that free trade expands every economy and that the ties made by
healthy trade relations help prevent the outbreak of war. It has been Sam Gibbons's fate to
assert the Cordell Hull free trade tradition in the 1980s and 1990s as politicians generally, and
his fellow Democrats in particular, become more beguiled by protectionist and retaliatory trade
f
�restrictions. As the American private sector has gone through vast changes, sloughing off 20
million jobs and creating 40 million more, responding to foreign capital and buying foreign
products and selling American products and services abroad, demands have naturally arisen
from diverse quarters for protection—against foreign competitors and simply against change.
Against these demands Gibbons has usually fought, but not always with great success. For
although he has risen to be second ranking Democrat on the Ways and Means Committee, he is
without great influence there or on the floor. Ways and Means Chairman Dan Rostenkowski is
not a Gibbons fan; he remembers Gibbons's abortive challenge to Tip O'Neill for majority
leader in 1972, when Rostenkowski managed O'Neill's campaign, and he knows that Gibbons
has not been a team player since Rostenkowski became chairman in 1981. Among House
Democrats generally, the great trade strategist has been Dick Gephardt, who has been leaning
toward protectionism since spending almost all of 1987 seeking votes in the Iowa caucuses.
Against Gephardt's initiatives, Gibbons has tried to use maneuver since outright opposition does
not prevail, although he employs that too, as on the bid to raise tariffs on minivans. Gibbons has
had more success supporting trade restrictions for political reasons against South Africa, China
and the former Soviet Union. He also has shepherded to passage the Caribbean Basin Initiative,
and may try to bring CBI nations into a NAFTA-type agreement.
Will Gibbons ever be chairman of Ways and Means? In November 1991, when it looked like
Rostenkowski might retire, Gibbons canvassed for votes and appeared to have the support of
potential rival Charles Rangel. After the 1992 election, when some thought Rostenkowski might
be forced to vacate the chair because of ethics problems, it was widely assumed that Gibbons in
that case would replace him: why have an unseemly fight at a difficult time? The likely scenario
is that Gibbons would become chairman, but that much of the real power would go to
subcommittee chairmen, the House leadership or, on some issues, even Chairman John Dingell
of Energy and Commerce.
Gibbons, reelected easily for years, has had some problems in the 1990s. He was criticized by
The Wall Street Journal for having a business relationship with his lobbyist-campaign
fundraiser son Clifford "that's cozy even by the standards of Washington": Sam Gibbons
supported mutual insurance companies on taxes, for example, and Clifford Gibbons worked for
Mutual of New York. In 1992, he was opposed by Mark Sharpe, a former Navy intelligence
officer born at MacDill Air Force Base where his father served in 1960, just two years before
Gibbons was first elected; Sharpe was one of four rotating briefers for the chief of Naval
Operations until he resigned to run for Congress. Afiscalconservative, Sharpe held Gibbons to a
53%-41% margin—not an outstanding result for a 30-year veteran and perhaps an ominous sign
for future elections.
The People: Pop. 1990: 562,293; 1 % rural; 12% age 65+; 68% White; 17% Black; 1 % Asian; 2% Other;
14% Hispanic origin. Voting age pop.: 430,969; 14% Black; 14% Hispanic origin. Households: 47%
married couple families; 20% married couple fams. w. children; 46% college educ; median household
income: $26,166; per capita income: $13,578; median gross rent: $439; median house value: $66,000.
1992 Presidential Vote
Clinton (D)
Bush (R)
Perot (I)
81,849 (41%)
77,942 (39%)
39,148 (20%)
1988 Presidential Vote
Bush (R)
Dukakis (D)
95,358 (56%)
73,836 (44%)
�Cities, 1990 population (10,000 or more)
Gulfport 11,727
Pinellas Park 43,426
Largo (pt.) 65,110
St. Petersburg (pt.) 236,203
LealmanCDP 21,748
Race and Hispanic origin
White 88.6%
Black 9.4%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.2%
Asian or Pacific Islander 1.3%
Other 0.4%
Hispanic origin 2.3%
Ancestry
American 4.1%
Dutch 2.7%
English 18.7%
French 5.5%
French Canadian 1.4%
German 26.0%
Irish 17.8%
Italian 7.3%
Polish 4.0%
Scotch Irish 3.0%
Scottish 3.3%
Swedish 2.1%
Welsh 1.1%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Eckerd College, St. Petersburg 1,344
St. Petersburg Junior College, St. Petersburg 18,870
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
St. Petersburg Times 351,635
Tampa Tribune 285,163
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Tampa-St. Petersburg (100%)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Paragon Cable; Largo 47,596
Paragon Cable; St. Petersburg 65,729
Vision Cable of Pinellas Inc.; Clearwater 39,000
Vision Cable of Pinellas Inc.; Pinellas Park 53,950
Businesses and other major employers
Home Shopping Network Inc.; St. Petersburg; TV network
retailers 3,377
U.S. Energy Dept./Pinellas Plant; Largo; electrical industrial
apparatus 1,600
General Electric Co./Neutron Devices Dept.; Largo; electrical
equipment/supplies 1,600
Bayfront Medical Center; St. Petersburg 1,544
AT&T Paradyne Corp.; Largo; communications equipment
1,500
U.S. Postal Service; St. Petersburg 1,400
All Children's Hospital Inc.; St. Petersburg 1,300
St. Anthony's Health Care Center; St. Petersburg 1,245
Florida Power Corp.; St. Petersburg; electric services 1,100
Jack Eckerd Corp./Eckerd Drug Stores; Largo; drug/
proprietary stores 1,100
Essilor of America Inc.; St. Petersburg; glass/glassware 1,000
Honeywell Inc./Florida Operations; St. Petersburg; electrical
equipment/supplies 900
Largo Medical Center Hospital; Largo 800
City of Largo; Largo 760
Hercules Defense Electronic Systems; Clearwater; electronic
components 750
National Medical Enterprises/Palms of Pasadena Hospital; St.
Petersburg 750
E-Systems Inc.; St. Petersburg; communications equipment
700
Linvatec Corp.; Largo; medical instruments/supplies 700
Florida Federal Savings; St. Petersburg; savings institutions
700
Times Publishing Co./St. Petersburg Times; St. Petersburg;
newspapers 675
State Auto Mutual Insurance Co.; Largo; insurance services
650
Sun Coast Hospital Inc.; Largo 650
Humana Hosco Inc./Humana Hospital-Northside; St. Petersburg 590
Val-Pak Direct Marketing Systems; Largo; mailing/repro
services 562
U.S. Veterans Affairs Dept.; St. Petersburg; social services
550
11th District
West — Southern Hillsborough County; Tampa
Ever since a Key West cigar factory moved to Tampa in 1886,
this has been a city with a blue-collar orientation. Cubans came
to work in the cigar business, and they were joined later by
southerners looking for jobs in faaories around the harbor.
Tampa's cigar industry is greatly diminished. But other
traditional industries are still strong, among them brewing,
commercial fishing, steel-making and ship construaion. The city
is also a major port; much of the phosphate mined from
adjacent Polk County is shipped from here. That gives it an
interest in international markets and free-trade politics.
The large working-class community makes Tampa the Florida
city that most closely approximates Northern industrial cities.
But the Democratic tendency this Tampa-based distria historically has shown in state and national eleaions has been waning.
There were not enough Democratic votes in the city to prevent
George Bush from carrying surrounding Hillsborough County in
1992 with suburban GOP support.
Unlike many Northern industrial cities, however, Tampa has
diversified to compete for the lucrative tourist trade. Busch
Gardens, which started as a brewery tour, has been expanded
into a 300-acre amusement park that is a leading Florida tourist
attraction.
Tampa has a growing financial seaor; Salomon Brothers and
Citicorp recently moved some operations here. Tampa International Airport, on the city's western edge, is a major employer, as
is GTE Florida. The University of South Florida, one of the state's
largest with about 33,000 students, is on the city's northern end.
The university's presence, combined with MacDill Air Force
Base, has helped attract some high-technology industries. There
have been some questions about MacDill's future, however. The
base is scheduled to lose its F-16 training facility, and the
continued operation of its runway is in doubt. Local officials
hope that the recent relocation of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration at the base will stabilize matters.
The base also continues to serve as Special Operations Command and Central Command.
The district is 14 percent Hispanic. The influence of Cuban
and Spanish culture is most pronounced in Ybor City, a longestablished community in southeast Tampa named after the man
who brought the cigar factory here from Key West. Although
relatively few people still live in Ybor City—Hispanics are more
prevalent in West Tampa and the community of Town and
Country—the area is undergoing a commercial resurgence.
Florida
181
�Blacks, who account for 17 percent of the district's population, live mostly in inner-city Tampa. Racial incidents occasionally occur. In early 1995, three white men were conviaed in what
prities called the racially motivated burning of a black New
tourist whom the men kidnapped in Valrico, east of
'paElection Returns and Party Registration
l l t h District
Democrat
Republican
1992
President*
House f
82,898 (41.1%)
100,984 (52.8%)
79,126 (39.2%)
77,640 (40.6%)
1990
Governor
87,703 (66.3%)
44,596 (33.7%)
1988
Ptesident
Simate
70,867 (44.4%)
70,305 (59-1%)
88,734 (55.6%)
48,715 (40.9%)
1986
Governor
70,489 (51.9%)
Pmy registration!
142,935 (60.2%)
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Lakeland Ledger 77,413
St. Petersburg Times 351,635
Tampa Tribune 285,163
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Tampa-St. Petersburg (100%)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Jones Intercable Inc.; Tampa 56,269
Paragon Cable; Brandon 39,889
65,376 (48.1%)
1990
University of South Florida, Tampa 32,326
University of Tampa, Tampa 2,503
77,308 (32.5%)
Businesses and other major employers
GTE Horida Inc.; Tampa; telephone communications 9,000
University of South Florida; Tampa 4,500
ilnJepenJent/other is greater than 5%.
Tampa General Hospital; Tampa 3,093
U.S. Postal Service; Tampa 3,000
CSX Transportation Inc.; Tampa; railroads 2,500
St. Joseph's Hospital Inc.; Tampa 2,500
U.S. Veterans Affairs Dept.; Tampa; hospital 2,500
GTE South Inc.; Tampa; telephone communications 2,463
Staffing Concepts Intl.; Tampa; personnel supply services
* Vole for Peru: was 39,796 (l 9.7 « ).
Demographics
Population 562,519
Percent change from 1980 9-7%
2,300
Land area 253 square miles
Population per square mile 2,225
Counties, 1990 population
Usborough (pt.) 562,519
S, 1990 population (10,000 or more)
•
Brandon CDP (pt.) 43,864
Egypt Like CDP 14,580
Lake Magdalene CDP (pt.)
15,083
Palm River-Clair Mel CDP
13,691
Tampa (pt.) 275,508
Temple Terrace 16,444
Town 'n' Country CDP
60,946
University West CDP
23,760
West Park CDP 10,347
Race and Hispanic origin
White 78.7%
Black 17.2%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.3%
Asian or Pacific Islander 1.4%
Other 2.3%
Hispanic origin 13.9%
Ancestry
American 5.1%
Dutch 2.1%
English 13.9%
French 3.7%
German 18.3%
Irish 14.6%
Italian 6.4%
Polish 2.4%
Scotch Irish 27
.%
Scottish 2.2%
Swedish 11
.%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Florida College, Temple Terrace 373
illsborough Community College, Tampa 15,573
f r Technical Institute, Tampa 559
ational Educational Center, Tampa 1,115
•
Tampa College, Tampa 910
United Elearonics Institute of Florida, Tampa 620
182
Florida
Military installations, 1991
MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa 7,066
Southeastern Staffing Inc.; Tampa; personnel supply services
2,300
County of Hillsborough/Sheriffs Office; Tampa 2,000
U.S. Veterans Affairs Dept.; Tampa; hospital 2,000
Rolm Co./IBM; Tampa; computer services 2,000
A. G. Edwards & Sons Inc.; Tampa; mortgage bankers 1,700
GTE Communication Systems Corp.; Tampa; elearical
goods 1,500
Busch Entertainment Corp./Busch Gardens; Tampa; amusement park 1,400
United Services Auto Assn.; Tampa; fire/marine/casualty
insurance 1,300
Tribune Co. Inc./Tampa Tribune; Tampa; newspapers 1,200
North American Philips Corp./Philips Circuit Assemblies;
Tampa; audio/video equipment 1,200
Time Warner/Time Customer Service Inc.; Tampa; management services 1,200
University Community Hospital; Tampa 1,100
City of Tampa/Police Dept.; Tampa 1,050
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.; Tampa; life insurance 1,000
Humana Hospital; Brandon 1,000
First Horida Bank; Tampa; commercial banks 1,000
Maas Inc.; Tampa; computer services 1,000
National Bank of Florida; Tampa; commercial banks 1,000
ConAgra Inc ./Singleton Seafood; Tampa; grocery produas
900
Moffitt H. Lee Cancer Center; Tampa 890
Tampa Electric Co.; Tampa; electric services 880
Group Technologies Corp.; Tampa; communications
equipment/repair services 750
County of Hillsborough; Tampa 750
Marriott Corp./Tampa Marriott Westshore; Tampa; hotel
750
Budd Services Inc./Vickers Security Service; Tampa;
business/security services 750
�Progressive American Insurance Co.; Tampa;
fire/marine/casualty insurance 740
Aetna Life & Casualty Co.; Tampa; insurance services 700
IBM Corp.; Tampa; computer services 700
Humana Inc./Humana Women's Hospital; Tampa 675
Hillsborough Community College; Tampa 623
Pepsico Inc.; Tampa; beverages 600
Citicorp Services Inc.; Tampa; banking services 600
Kash N Karry Food Stores Inc.; Tampa; grocery stores 600
Pharmacy Management Services; Tampa; pharmaceuticals/
proprietaries/sundries 575
Pepsicola Beverages of Tampa/Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.
Tampa; Tampa; bottling 575
Sears Roebuck & Co.; Tampa; department stores 550
County of Hillsborough/School Board; Tampa 550
City of Tampa/Fire Dept.; Tampa 550
County of Hillsborough/Sheriffs Office; Tampa 550
The shaky economy held down Bush's margin in the distria
in 1992. It also made for the state's most competitive open-seat
House race, with the GOP candidate squeezing by.
The part of eastern Hillsborough County within the distria
includes Plant City, noted for its annual strawberry festival.
Agriculture is a key here, with citrus and winter vegetables of
some importance. The 12th also has p n of Brandon, a Tampa
suburb. Also in the distria are De Soto and Hardee counties and
part of Polk County.
Election Returns and Party Registration
Democrat
Republican
67,802 (34.5*)
92,346 (47.9*)
89,585 (45.6*)
100,484 (52.1*)
12th District
President*
House
1990
Governor
75,895 (57.0*)
57,177 (43.0*)
1988
12th District
1992
President
Senate
49,047 (33.7*)
74,168 (51.3*)
96,503 (66.3*)
70,431 (48.7*)
1986
Governor
53,342 (42.4*)
72,517 (57.6*)
131,249(61.0*)
76,583 (35.6*)
Patty registration
Central — Polk County; Lakeland; Parts of Hillsborough 1990
County
•Vott for Perot was 39,229 (20.0%).
Across much of Florida, land once devoted to agriculture is
being eaten away by shopping centers, motels and condominiums. But in Polk County, centerpiece of the 12th District, citrus
is still a major force.
Thousands of jobs are connected with the growing, picking,
packing, processing and loading of oranges, orange concentrate
and grapefruit. Besides Minute Maid, there are many smaller
growers whose efforts combine to make the 12th among the
nation's foremost citrus-producing distrirts.
However, Polk County's citrus industry has hit bumpy times
in recent years, and periodic freezes have prompted some
growers to move farther south. Also moving south are elements
of the county's other leading industry, phosphate mining. The
removal and processing of phosphate, the raw material of
fertilizer, has fluctuated in recent years because of uneven
demand for the product and the county's dwindling supply. IMC
Fertilizer remains a leading private employer, however.
Food processing is also important in Polk County; Pepperidge Farms and BG Shrimp are leading employers. Lakeland, the
county seat, is also headquarters for Publix supermarkets, the
largest private employer in the state. But the county lost another
leading employer in the 1980s when Piper Aircraft closed.
Tourists are drawn to Cypress Gardens, a botanical and
water-show attraction in Winter Haven, just east of Lakeland.
The county grew by 26 percent in the 1980s, partly due to an
influx of retirees. In the main, these retirees are less affluent than
others who settle to the west along the Gulf Coast; some of
them settle into mobile home parks. Large fundamentalist
churches are commonplace in the distria, and their parishioners
contribute to the area's conservative leanings, especially on social
issues.
The Dixie roots of the new arrivals are also apparent in the
Democratic Party's decided registration edge in the district, 61
percent to 36 percent. But here as elsewhere, southern Democrats
often vote across party lines, and Republicans are making
inroads in county offices. Ronald Reagan and George Bush
carried the distria by a 2-to-l margin in the 1980s, while
Democrat Buddy MacKay held a slim edge in the close 1988
Senate race.
Demographics
Population 562,519
Percent change from 1980 96%
Land area 3,503 square miles
Population per square mile 161
Counties, 1990 population
DeSoto 23,865
Hardee 19,499
Highlands (pt.) 16,467
Cities, 1990 population (10,000
Bartow 14,716
Bioomingdale CDP (pt.)
12,398
Haines City (pt.) 11,558
Hillsborough (pt.) 95,179
Pasco (pt.) 24,853
Polk(pt.) 382,656
or more)
Lakeland 70,576
Plant City (pt.) 22,368
Winter Haven 24,725
Race and Hispanic origin
White 84.1%
Black 12.6%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.3%
Asian or Pacific Islander 0.6%
Other 2.3%
Hispanic origin 6.1%
Ancestry
American 9-9%
Dutch 2.8%
English 16.4%
French 3.7%
German 19.0%
Irish 16.8%
Italian 3.3%
Polish 1.7%
Scotch Irish 3.0%
Scottish 2.4%
Swedish 1.2%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Florida Southern College, Lakeland 2,684
Pasco Hernando Community College, Dade City 3,973
Polk Community College, Winter Haven 5,879
Florida
183
�FLORIDA
�Through March 31, 1994
Program Year 1993 T i t l e I I I Discretionary Grant Awards
(July 1, 1993 - June 30, 1994)
STATE: FLORIDA
Funding
Number to be
Served
Location &
Cong. District
Situation
Tampa Area
CDs 9,10,11,
12,13
2,000 workers
d i s l o c a t e d as a
r e s u l t of the
merger of F i r s t
F l o r i d a N.A. w i t h
Barnett Banks
Date
Sec.
Approval
Project or
Company
7/20/93
F i r s t Florida
7/20/93
Occidental
Chemical
$200,000
97 White Springs
(Suwannee
County)
CD2
306 workers d i s l ocated OxyChem's
phosphate ore
mining & manufact u r i n g operations
9/9/93
M a r t i n Marietta et a l
$400,000
70 P i n e l l a s and
Hillsbourgh
Counties;
C i t i e s of
Tampa and St.
Petersburg
CDs 9,10,11,
12,13
435 workers d i s located due t o
DOD spending c u t backs and t h e
reduced need t o
defense contracts
$1,000,000
295
�11/4/93
Grumman Corp.
$500,000
3/23/94
Pensacola
Naval A i r
Station (DDP)
$5,300,000
($3,975,000
initially
provided)
1,000
$7,400,000
1,582
State Totals
120 Clay, Baker,
Duval, Nassau, Putnam,
and Saint
Johns Counties
CDs 2,3,4,6
FL Counties:
Escambia,
Santa Rosa, &
Okaloosa;
Alabama Count i e s : Baldwin, Escambia, & Mobi l e . CDs:
FL-1; AL-1.
240 workers d i s located from Grumman' s a i r c r a f t
repair f a c i l i t y
as a r e s u l t of
the Navy's canc e l l a t i o n of the
A-6 r e p a i r contract .
3,100 workers
dislocated as a
r e s u l t of closures and realignments at this
BRAC f a c i l i t y .
�GIBBONS - l l t h C
D
WAYS & MEANS
�MILLER - 13th CD
ED & LABOR
�03:20:24 P
M
R n Date: 05/20/93
u
C
D
NM
AE
American Assn of Community Colleges
FEDERAL RELATIONS
Page: 24
Terminal: T24
Selection: AACC MEMBERS IN CONG. DISTRICT
COLLEGE
CITY/STATE
ZIP
TLPOE
EEHN
FAX
0H8<)
11
Charles G. C a l * i e U
Florida College
Temple Terrace FL
33617
(813)988-5131
(813)985-9654
0166(1
1
1
Andreas A. Palounpis
Hillsborough Community College
T m a FL
ap
33631-3127
(813)253-7000
(813)253-7136
0097{l
12
Milton 0. Jones
Pasco-Hemando Com Col
Dade City FL
33525-7599
(904)567-6701
(904)567-6701
01926
12
Catherine P. Cornelius South Florida Com Col
Avon Park FL
33825
(813)453-6661
(813)452-6042
01270
12
Maryly VanLeer Peck
Polk Community College
Winter Haven FL
33881-4299
(813)297-1000
(813)297-1053
13
Stephen J . Korcheck
Manatee Community College
Bradenton FL
34206
(813)755-1511
(813)755-8511
K
Kenneth Walker
Edison Conmunity CoUege
Fort Myers FL
33906-6210
(813)489-9300
(813)489-9399
15
Maxwell C. King
Brevard Community College
Cocoa FL
32922
(407)632-1111
(407)633-4565
16
Edward M. Eissey
Palm Beach Conmunity CoUege
Lake Worth FL.
33461
(407)439-6004
(407)439-8202
1ZFL0RIDA
13FLCIRIDA
00536
KFLCIRIDA
00450
LOR I DA
0062(1
16FLCIRIDA
01074
�302
FLORIDA
iep. Charles T. Canady (R)
mm
Elected 1992; b. June 22, 1954, Lakeland; home, Lakeland; Haver
ford Col., B.A. 1976, Yale Law Schl., J.D. 1979; Presbyterian'
single.
Career: Practicing atty., 1979-92; FL House of Reps., 1984-90
Offices: 1107 LHOB 20515, 202-225-1252. Also Fed. Bldg 1 4
2
S. Tennessee Ave., Lakeland 33801, 813-863-4453.
Committees: Agriculture (17th of 19 R): Department Operations
and Nutrition; Foreign Agriculture and Hunger. Judiciary (12th of
14 R): Civil and Constitutional Rights; Economic and Commercial
buy; International Law, Immigration and Refugees.
Group Ratings and 102d Congress Votes: Newly Elected
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
1. Family Leave
AGN 2. Deficit Reduction
Election Results
.1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
(FL 10)
Charles T. Canady (R)
Tom Mims (D)
Charles T. Canady (R), unopposed
Andy Ireland (R), unopposed
AGN
3\Stimulus Plan
100,484
92,346
(52^)
(48%)\
AGN
($156,984)
($349,895)
•84,555)
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT
In effect, everyone else followed the circus: when the Ringling Brothers made a going business of
the circus they founded in the 1880s, they needed a place for the. performers and the animals to
rest over the winter. They settled on Sarasota, a bayfront village behind a barrier island on the
Gulf of Mexico. It was just far enough north to be reachable by railroad, just far enough south to
be semitropical so the elephants would not sicken and die. There John Ringling established the
Ringling Museum of Art, with its vast sculpture garden, and built his own Venetian palace, the
Ca'd'Zan. In the years after World War I I , as it became the custom to retire to a warm climate,
the Gulf Coast of Florida started attracting settlers—mostly affluent, WASPy, Republicans
from upper crust suburbs of northern cities. The population exploded, with Manatee and
Sarasota Counties growing from in 63,000 in 1950 to 489,000 in 1990.
The 13th Congressional District of Florida includes Sarasota County and Manatee County
and just to the north, slivers of Tampa's Hillsborough County, and Charlotte County to the
south. Essentially, it is a collection of Gulf Coast communities, from Tampa Bay south past
Venice (where the circus now has its winter quarters). This is retiree country: 31% of the people
here are 65 and over, the second highest percentage of any congressional district in the nation
(the highest is the Florida 22d, on the Gold Coast). It is also very heavily Republican, with the
second highest Republican registration of any Florida district (the highest is the 14th, just to the
south).
For the 1992 election, the 13th District had no incumbent; Andy Ireland, the Democratturned-Republican who had represented most of today's 13th and 12th Districts since 1976,
decided early in the cycle to retire. The 13th attracted five Republican candidates and two
�1 LU1UUJ I
1; Haver.
• yteri|b
pemocrats. The Republican primary was the noisier, with an expensive campaign by former
push Administration fellow Brad Baker going into a runoff with Bradenton businessman Dan
Vfiller, who was endorsed by Ireland. The winner in the Democratic primary, in which only
about half as many votes were cast, was former Lawton Chiles staffer Rand Snell. The two
inees presented a nice contrast not atypical of their parties. Miller, a native of Michigan
with an M.B.A. and Ph.D., was a local businessman and entrepreneur, owner of the Memorial
p i Restaurant, the Suncoast Manor Nursing Center, the Barnett Bank Building and Riverview
Center. He served on local commissions, the hospital board of directors and the judicial
nominating commission. He was not terribly specific on issues, calling mostly for less governnient and regulations and lower taxes: "The federal government does not need to solve all our
problems." Rand Snell, from a Manatee County family with cattle and agricultural interests,
had spent most of his adult life in politics. Out of school, he became a staffer for Lawton Chiles
in Washington, then for two years was director for a congressional study on "Biotechnology in a
Global Economy." He was Chiles's issues coordinator in the 1990 campaign and then his
director of cabinet affairs in Tallahassee in 1991 and 1992. He was more specific on issues,
calling for a national healthcare plan, for example. "There are 400 Dan Millers in Washington,"
Snell said. Miller responded that he was working in Bradenton, while Snell was the real
government insider living in Tallahassee and Washington. Snell's political skills helped him
break into the Republican vote, but Miller won by a 58%-42% margin.
Miller is not without contacts in the House. Fellow Florida Republican freshman John Mica
was his "big brother" at their University of Florida fraternity and another Florida Republican
freshman, Tillie Fowler, was in his wife's class at Emory. Miller serves on the Budget Committee
and says he wants to use his hospital board experience on health care, starting with fundamental
tort reform; he was also appointed to the Minority Leader Michel's Task Force on Health Care
Reform.
The People: Pop. 1990: 562,501; 11% rural; 31% age 65+; 90% White; 5 Black; 1% Asian; 1% Other;
%
4% Hispanic origin. Voting age pop.: 464,980; 4% Black; 3 Hispanic origin. Households: 59% married
%
couple families; 16% married couple fams. w. children; 45% college educ; median household income:
$27,616; per capita income: $16,254; median gross rent: $512; median house value: $81,300.
n0lT1
"•Wg-, 124
er
Perations
>'(12thof
•mmercial
AGN
$156,984)
$349,895)
5384,555)
business of
animals to
ind on the
;h south to
)lished the
)alace, the
n climate,
ipublicans
aatee and
;e County
nty to the
;outh past
the people
the nation
i, with the
ju^pthe
, ^ | ,
nee 1976,
s and two
1992 Presidential Vote
Bush(R)
Clinton (D)
Perot (I)
124,394 (43%)
100,831 (35%)
65,283 (22%)
1988 Presidential Vote
Bush (R)
Dukakis (D)
153,943 (66%)
78,154 (34%)
Rep. Dan Miller (R)
Elected 1992; b. May 30, 1942, Highland Park, Ml; home, Bradenton; U. of FL, B.S.B.A. 1964, Emory U., M.B.A. 1965, Louisiana
St. U., Ph.D. 1970; Episcopalian; married (Glenda).
Career: Businessman, Miller Enterprises, 1973-present; Asst.
Prof., Georgia St. U., 1969-73; Adjunct Prof., U. of S. FL, 197583.
Offices: 510 CHOB 20515, 202-225-5015. Also 2424 Manatee
Ave., #104, Bradenton 34205, 813-747-9081; 1751 Mound St., #A2, Sarasota 34236, 813-951-6643; and 4000 S. Tamiami, #124-A,
Venice 34293, 813-493-2044.
Committees: Budget (12th of 17 R). Education and Labor (15th
of 15 R): Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education; Human Resources; Postsecondary Education and Training.
Croup Ratings and 102d Congress Votes: Newly Elected
�304
FLORIDA
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
AGN
. Family Leave
2. Deficit Reduction
AGN
3. Stimulus Plan
AGN
Election Results
1992 general
1992 runoff
1992 primary
1990 general
(FL 10)
Dan Miller (R)
Rand Snell (D)
Dan Miller (R)
Brad Baker (R)
Brad Baker (R)
Dan Miller (R)
Dave Thomas (R)
Rick Louis (R)
Jim Thorpe (R)
Andy Ireland (R), unopposed
158,881
115,767
33,965
30,527
22,055
21,912
15,827
13,828
5,127
(58%)
(42%)
(53%)
(47%)
(28%)
(28%)
(20%)
(18%)
(7%)
($449,212)
($298,309)
($384,555)
suggesting
budget in c
years. In I:
which favc
Zone Man.
from theii
Record. N
from a me
Care Act a
and Mercl
The dist
the new U
two years
The People
Hispanic o
couple farr
$29,620; p
>
FOURTEENTH DISTRICT
•
On the edge of the Tropics, in a physical environment teeming with diseases less than a century
ago and inhospitable to advanced civilization only a generation ago, Florida's Gulf Coast has
sprung up as a model of an America that will be for many when they retire. The wide white sand
beaches with gentle breakers, the inlets and broad estuaries that abound for boating, the
etlands filled with exotic birds, eventually made this prime resort country: Thomas Edison had
is winter home in Fort Myers, Henry Ford used to visit here, Walter Reuther, after his gunshot
wound, recuperated by building a modest house near the Caloosahatchee River. But they were
the exceptions: the local economy could not attract many permanent residents, and at the
beginning of World War II there were only 68,000 people living on the Gulf Coast from Sarasota
south to Naples.
Mow there are 1.1 million: the climate and environment attracted affluent suburbanites from
the Midwest and Northeast, with the added lure of no state income or inheritance taxes.
Developers like Barron Collier, who built the Tamiami Trail across the Everglades and designed
Naples with the wealthy in mind (and gave his name to Collier County, the richest in Florida),
were determined to avoid the high-rise canyons that line the Atlantic from Miami to Palm
Beach. The alternative has been low-rise, city-sized developments like Cape Coral and Port
Charlotte, with canals in most backyards, and thinly paved roads along the sand spits next to the
sultry, lapping waves of the Gulf, or the luxurious town of Naples set amid preserved coastal
islands and interior swamps. This is very much retirement country, with more than one in four
residents over 65.
Florida's 14th Congressional District occupies the southern half of this Gulf Coast, from
Charlotte County past Cape Coral and Fort Myers south to Naples. This district has the highest
Republican registration of any in Florida, and continually casts among the highest Republican
percentages. The congressman is Republican Porter Goss, first elected in 1988, who worked 10
years for the CIA and then moved to Sanibel Island and founded a prize-winning local
newspaper, served on the city council and passed growth management laws, and was appointed
o the Lee County Commission by then-Governor Bob Graham. When incumbent Connie Mack
II ran for the Senate in 1988 and won, Goss ran for this seat and effectively won it in the
Republican primary, leading 38%-29%-19% former Congressman Skip Bafalis and retired
General Jim Dozier (held hostage by Italy's Red Brigade and rescued in 1981); in the runoff
Goss won with 72% and in the general beat Jack Conway, onetime top aide to the UAW's
Reuther, 71%-29%, winning the largest number of votes of any House candidate in the country.
Goss; has a largely conservative voting record in the House and has presented proposals
1992 Presi
Bush (R) .
Clinton (D
Perot (I). .
Rep. Port
Group R;
1992
1991
National
Econom
Social
Foreign
�Southeastern College of the Assemblies of God, Lakeland
1,192
South Florida Community College, Avon Park 1,308
garner Southern College, Lake Wales 470
'ebber College, Babson Park 224
w
ewspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Ukeland Ledger 77,413
Orlando Sentinel 284,136
New
Sarasota Herald Tribune 115,577
St. Petersburg Times 351,635
Tampa Tribune 285,163
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Tampa-St. Petersburg (100%)
WTMV, Lakeland (None)
WTOG, St. Petersburg (None)
WTTA, St. Petersburg (None)
WBHS, Tampa (None)
WFLA-TV, Tampa-St. Petersburg (NBC)
WFTS, Tampa-St. Petersburg (Fox)
WTVT, Tampa-St. Petersburg (CBS)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Cablevision of Central Florida; Lakeland North 5,900
Cablevision of Central Florida; Lakeland South 14,600
CV of Central Florida; Winter Haven 27,000
Paragon Cable; Brandon 39,889
Paragon Cable; Lakeland 17,105
Storer Qble TV Inc.; Sebring 11,526
Storer Qble TV of Florida Inc.; Bartow 7,201
ftary installations, 1991
von Park Air Force Station, Avon Park
144
Businesses and other major employers
County of Polk; Bartow 2,272
Lakeland Regional Medical Center; Lakeland 2,230
Publix Super Markets Inc./Food World; Lakeland; grocery
stores 2,000
IMC Fertilizer Group Inc./Noralyn Mine; Bartow;
chemicals/fertilizers 1,375
IMC Fertilizer Group Inc./New Wales Operations; Mulberry;
chemicals/fertilizers 1,170
G. Pierce Wood Memorial Hospital; Arcadia 1,100
State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co.; Winter Haven;
insurance services 1,000
Lykes Bros Inc.; Plant City; meat products 835
Scotty:; Inc./Scottys; Winter Haven; lumber/building materials 800
Walker Memorial Medical Center; Avon Park 795
Seminole Fertilizer Corp.; Bartow; chemicals/fertilizers
770
Watson Clinic; Lakeland; medical doctors 758
City of Lakeland/Electric & Water Dept.; Lakeland
754
Coca-Cola Co. Inc./Minute Maid; Auburndale; fruit juices
700
orida Cypress Gardens Inc./Cypress Gardens; Winter Haven;
amusement park 700
rTE Florida Inc.; Lakeland; telephone communications
550
Polk General Hospital; Bartow 550
184 Florida
13th District
Southwest — Sarasota and Manatee Counties; Sarasota;
Bradenton
When redistriaing and retirements created 10 open seats in
Florida in 1992, Republicans knew they had little to worry about
in the newly designed 13th. The district's 56 percent GOP
registration is the second highest in the state, barely below that
of the adjacent 14th.
Sarasota County accounts for slightly less than half the 13th's
population, and Manatee County represents just under 40
percent. The remainder live in parts of Charlotte and Hillsborough counties. More populous Sarasota was expected to have
the upper hand in district politics, but in 1993 the GOP House
member was from Manatee County.
George Bush ran stronger in Sarasota and Manatee than he
did in the state as a whole in 1992, but the 43 percent he
garnered in both counties was not overwhelming.
The political personality of the 13th is most influenced by
retirees from the suburbs and small towns of the Midwest. These
people changed their addresses but not their party registration, and
they contribute to the burgeoning strength of the GOP in Horida.
Although they closely identify with the GOP, residents of the
13th are not necessarily conservative on social issues. The 1992
House race, for example, was dominated by candidates who
supported abortion rights. The proximity to gulf beaches, barrier
islands and a large state park also makes the environment a
bipartisan concern, with residents attuned to the problems of
beach erosion and the effects of rapid population growth.
Sarasota County cultivates a refined image with its art
museums, theaters and symphony performances. It generally
draws a more highly educated and wealthier class of retirees than
most other west coast communities in Florida. Leading private
employers include tourism, retailing, health care and banking.
The city of Sarasota includes some minorities and retirees who
are not quite as affluent as those on the barrier islands of
Longboat Key, Siesta Key and Casey Key.
Sarasota County grew by 37 percent in the 1980s. The area
poised for the next growth spurt is immediately south of the city,
down the coast along Route 41 to Venice. The residents of
Venice itself tend to be a little older and of more modest means
than residents of the county's northern end.
Manatee, which grew by 43 percent in the 1980s, has some
residents who commute to work over the Sunshine Skyway
Bridge to Tampa Bay. Leading employers in the county include
Tropicana, which grows, picks and packs citrus, and Wellcraft
Marine, which builds pleasure boats.
Bradenton, the county seat and retail center, has a somewhat
diverse population both by income and ethnicity. It is also not
quite as midwestem-oriented as Sarasota.
The 13th also stretches south into Charlotte County to pick
up parts of Port Charlotte and Murdock. Residents there are
generally older, less affluent and more Democratic. It also
extends north into Hillsborough County to pick up Sun City
Center and Ruskin, where Republicans fare well.
Election Returns and Party Registration
1992
13th District
President*
House
Democrat
100,950 (34.7%)
115,767 (42.2%)
Republican
124,271 (42.8%)
158,881 (57.8%)
�13th District
Democrat
Republican
1990
Governor
103,189 (53.296)
90,725 (46.8%)
1988
President
Senate
72,236 (34.3$)
97,242 (49.3%)
138,489 (65.7%)
100,137 (50-7%)
1986
Governor
62,328 (34.6%)
117,602 (65.4%)
1990
Party registration f
122,206 (36.5%)
188,581 (56.3%)
'Vote for Perot was 65,297 ( 22.5% ).
^Independent/other is greater than 5%.
D m g a hc
e o r p is
Population 562,518
Percent change from 1980 9.6%
Land area 1,540 square miles
Population per square mile 365
Counties, 1990 population
Charlotte (pt.) 35,669
Hillsborough (pt.) 37,366
Cities, 1990 population (10,000
Bayshore Gardens CDP
17,062
Bradenton 43,779
Englewood CDP (pt.)
10,079
Gulf Gate Estates CDP
11,622
North Port 11,973
Port Charlotte CDP (pt.)
30,731
Manatee 211,707
Sarasota 277,776
or more)
Sarasota Springs CDP
16,088
Sarasota 50,961
South Bradenton CDP
20,398
South Venice CDP 11,951
Venice 16,922
Race and Hispanic origin
White 92.8%
Black 5.4%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.2%
Asian or Pacific Islander 0.5%
Other 1.0%
Hispanic origin 4.3%
Ancestry
American 4.5%
Dutch 3-4%
English 20.5%
French 5.5%
French Canadian
German 27.4%
Irish 17.1%
Italian 6.3%
1.2%
Norwegian 1.1%
Polish 3-4%
Russian 1.2%
Scotch Irish 3-0%
Scottish 3.5%
Swedish 2.1%
Welsh 1.3%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Manatee Community College, Bradenton 7,874
Ringling School of Art & Design, Sarasota 576
Sarasota Vocational-Tech Center, Sarasota 13,000
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Bradenton Herald 40,934
Charlotte Sun Herald 20,135
Fort Myers News - Press 92,118
Lakeland Ledger 11 AM
Sarasota Herald Tribune 115,577
St. Petersburg Times 351,635
Tampa Tribune 285,163
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Tampa-St. Petersburg (61%), Sarasota (37%) and Ft.
Myers-Naples (2%)
WWSB, Sarasota (ABC)
WBSV, Venice (None)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Cablevision Industries Inc.; Wimauma 9,347
Cablevision Industries of Florida Inc.; Palmetto 5,969
Paragon Qble; Anna Maria 7,433
Paragon Qble; Bradenton 48,034
Paragon Qble; Brandon 39,889
Storet Qble TV Inc.; Venice 21,007
Storer Qble TV of Florida Inc.; Qpe Haze 16,745
Storer Qble TV of Florida Inc.; Sarasota 74,006
Businesses and other major employers
Sarasota Memorial Hospital; Sarasota 2,600
Tropicana Produas Inc.; Bradenton; fruit juices 2,000
County of Sarasota; Sarasota 1,751
County of Manatee; Bradenton 1,600
County of Charlotte; Punta Gorda 1,315
Manatee Memorial Hospital; Bradenton 1,260
Florida Power & Light Co.; Sarasota; elearic services 1,254
Hospital Corp. America/Blake Memorial Hospital; Bradenton 1,100
Venice Hospital Inc.; Venice 1,027
City of Sarasota; Sarasota 1,002
Genmar Industries Inc/Wellcraft Marine Div.; Sarasota; ship
building/repairing 1,000
Loral Fairchild Corp.; Sarasota; search/navigation equipment
825
Trans World Airlines Inc.; Sarasota; airline 800
Doaors Hospital of Sarasota; Sarasota 800
Barnett Banks Inc.; Sarasota; commercial banks 700
St. Joseph Hospital of Port Charlotte; Punta Gorda 607
Arvida Co./JMB Partners; Longboat Key; real estate agents
600
Charlotte Community Hospital/Fawcett Memorial Hospital;
Punta Gorda 600
Manatee Community College; Bradenton 550
14th District
Southwest — Lee and Collier Counties; Cape Coral; Fort
Myers; Naples
The 14th is an area of steadfast Republicanism and robust
population growth. Fully 57 percent of district residents are
registered Republicans, the highest percentage in the state. And
the three counties that make up the distria grew by more than
50 percent during the 1980s.
Lee County, which accounts for more than half the district's
population, grew most slowly—at a 63 percent clip. The increase
was pushed by Qpe Coral, which grew by 134 percent and is
now the district's largest city. Originally a retirement community,
Qpe Coral has been attracting young professionals, service
industries and those involved in land development. Located near
the gulf and along the Qloosahatchee River, the city features
canals, easy access to the gulf and reasonable land costs.
Florida
185
�REA Congressional Committee
Summary Sheet
Rep. E . Clay Shaw (R-22 FL)
2267-RHOB
202/225-3026
Committee:
Ways & Means
Legislative History:
DOL support percentage- 13%
(X- indicates voted with DOL position)
*ScHool-to-Work
*Goals 2000
X
Budget Resolution Adoption
Stimulus Package
Budget Reconciliation
Electoral Information:
1992 Percent of VoteLabor $ as % of total contribs.-
EUC #4
Strikebreaker Vote
NAFTA
EUC #5
Penny-Kasich
X
58%
1%
Other Information Acquired and Available:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Counties/Cities within CD's
Counties/Cities with above average unemployment rates (highlighted in yellow)
REA related newspaper articles and editorials organized by state
Community and Technical Colleges by CD
1993 Title III Discretionary Grant awards by state and CD
Racial/Ethnic make up of district
Major media in district
Major employers by CD
Pro-NAFTA Businesses by State and CD
Businesses supporting REA (highlighted in green)
Major layoffs by state (partial)
vote not calculated when determining support percentage
�03:20:30 P
M
Run Date: 05/20/93
C
D
NM
AE
American Assn of Community CoUeges
FDRL RLTOS
EEA EAIN
Page: 25
Terminal: T24
Selection: A C M M E S IN C N . DISTRICT
AC EBR
OG
CLEE
OLG
CITY/STATE
ZIP
TLPOE
EEHN
FX
A
17FLCiRIDA
02282
17 Tessa Martinez Tagle
Miami-Oade CC-MedicaL Center
Miami F
L
33127
(305)237-4000
(305)347-4170
01856
17 Robert H. M C b
cae
Miami-Dade Community College
Miami F
L
33132
(305)237-3221
(305)347-3228
02312
17 Eduardo J. Padron
Miami-Dade CC-Wolfson
Miami F
L
33132
(305)237-3000
(305)347-3724
02334
17 J. Terence Kelly
Miami-Oade CC-North
Miami F
L
33167
(305)237-1000
(305)347-1663
Miami-Dade CC-Kendall
Miami F
L
33176
(305)237-2000
(305)347-2658
18FL0RIDA
02278
18 William M Stokes
.
20FL0RIDA
03486
20 Roy G Phillips
.
Miami-Dade CC-Homestead
Homestead F
L
33033
(000)000-0000
(000)000-0000
02938
20 William A. Seeker
Florida Keys Community College
Key west F
L
33040
(305)296-9081
(305)292-5155
The Art Institute of Atlanta
Fort Lauderdale F
L
33335
(407)423-6333
(305)463-3000
Broward Conmunity College
Fort Lauderdale F
L
33301
(305)761-7400
(305)761-7500
.RD
OIA
03426
22 Hal R Griffith
.
23FLCRIDA
00832
2 Willis N. Holcombe
3
�322
FLORIDA
Rep. E . Clay Shaw, Jr. (R)
Elected 1980; b. Apr. 19, 1939, Miami; home, Ft. Lauderdale;
Stetson U., B.A. 1961, U. of AL, M.B.A. 1963, Stetson U., J.D.
1966; Catholic; married (Emilie).
Career: Practicing atty., 1966-68; Ft. Lauderdale Chf. City Prosecutor, 1968-69; Assoc. Municipal Judge, 1969-71; Ft. Lauderdale
City Comm., 1971-73; Ft. Lauderdale Vice Mayor, 1973-75,
Mayor, 1975-80.
Offices: 2267 RHOB 20515, 202-225-3026. Also 1512 E.
Broward Blvd., #101, Ft. Lauderdale 33301, 305-522-1800.
Committees:
Trade.
Ways and Means (4th of 14 R): Human Resources;
Group Ratings
1992
1991
ADA
15
0
ACLU COPE
9
25
—
17
CDF
30
10
CFA
33
28
LCV
19
15
National Journal Ratings
1991 LIB — 1991 CONS
Economic
18%
79%
Social
0%
84%
Foreign
16%
84%
ACU NTLC
84
90
90
—
NSI
100
—
COC
75
100
CEI
62
63
1992 LIB— 1992 CONS
16% —
80%
29%
—
70%
0% _
82%
Key Votes of the 102d Congress
1. Ban Striker Replace AGN
2. $ for Homeownership FOR
3. Tax Rich/Cut Mid Cls.AGN
4. FY93/$15B Def. Cut AGN
5. Handgun Wait/7-Day AGN
6. Overseas Mil. AbortionAGN
7. Obscn. Art NEA $ Ban FOR
8. Death Pen. from Jury FOR
9. Use Force in Gulf
FOR
10. US Mil. Abroad $ Cut AGN
11. Limit SDI Funds
AGN
12. Cuba Trade Embargo FOR
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
1. Family Leave
AGN
2. Deficit Reduction
AGN
3. Stimulus Plan
AGN
Election Results
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
(FL 15)
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. (R)
Gwen Margolis (D)
Richard Stephens (I)
Three Others
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. (R), unopposed
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. (R)
Other
128,400
91,625
15,469
11,594
(52%)
(37%)
(6%)
(5%)
($1,138,425)
($936,960)
($47,234)
104,273
2,374
(98%)
(2%)
($120,632)
TWENTY-THIRD DISTRICT
Behind the high-rise apartments that seem to line the Atlantic Ocean from Miami Beach to
Palm Beach, behind the canals and waterways separating the barrier islands from the mainland,
usually a few blocks inland and oftentimes off U.S. 1, the old north-south highway that brought
tourists here in the 1940s and 1950s, are the black neighborhoods of south Florida's Gold Coast:
gatherings of older stucco houses and commercial storefronts, ranging from dilapidated slums to
�320
FLORIDA
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R)
presented pi
Clay Shaw, c«
presenting i
^SO. Opposi
pemocrat frc
jjberal who h
exchanges be
ghaw ran on
another quoi
recognition":
very ably. S!
adding civil
nd support!
been a worU
concerned a
state's conti
them if the
country, wa
regional lin'
the same nr
Shaw spt
drug and c
drug czar,;
July 1988,
himself on
decisive vc
Charles Sl
the theory
care; Sten
the Hous.
refugees i
early 199
them to
also intr
reasonab
fe
Elected 1992; b. Aug. 13,1954, Havana, Cuba; home, Miami; U
S. FL, B.S. 1977, Case Western Reserve U., J.D. 1979; Catholi .
married (Cristina).
Career: Practicing atty., 1979-92; Asst. St. Atty., 1983-84; FL
House of Reps., 1986-89; FL Senate 1990-92.
Offices: 509 CHOB 20515, 202-225-4211. Also 8525 N.W. 53
Terr, #102, Miami 33166, 305-470-8555.
Committees: Foreign Affairs (16th of 18 R): Africa; International
sOperations. Merchant Marine and Fisheries (15th of 19 R): Coast
ird and Navigation; Merchant Marine.
of
c
d
r6
a
Group Ratings and 102d Congress Votes: Newly Elected
Key Votes of the 103d Congress
1. Family Leave
FOR 2. Deficit Reduction
Election Results
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 election
Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R), unopposed
Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R)
Javier D. Souto (R)
Newly created district.
3. Stimulus Plan
15,192
6,941
(69%)
(31%)
AGN
($279,481)
TWENTY-SECOND DISTRICT
The barrier islands of Florida's Gold Coast have been developed in spasms of speculative frenzy,
not just as vacation places and retirement homes but as embodiments of dreams and fantasies,
bearing about the same relation to people's everyday lives as MTV .videos. Consider Palm Beach,
the great beach resort of the 1920s, where rich WASPs would leave their snow-covered Tudor or
Georgian mansions and live in Addison Mizner's pseudo-Mediterranean confections. Or think of
Miami Beach, the great resort of the 1950s, where Jews who had grown up amid prejudice and
made their fortunes in ebullient postwar America vacationed in surrealistically curved and
embellished skyscraper hotels—the Doral, Deauville, Eden Roc, Fbntainebleau—giant variations on the themes set out in the much smaller Art Deco hotels at the beach's south end. Or
think of the 1970s and 1980s, as the coastline of Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties were
lined with one high-rise condo after another, a promised land for the retirees of New York and
the northeast, free from winter frost and state income tax.
Almost all of this beach area is now gathered together into Florida's 22d Congressional
District, entirely different from any previous Florida district, and with the highest percentage of
over 65 residents of any in the United States. Its shape was dictated by the governing
interpretation of the Voting Rights Act, which required maximizing the black percentage in the
23d and 17th Districts just inland from the coast, sealing the beach towns off by themselves.
Actually, the fit is not quite perfect. The 22d starts in the north in Juno Beach, north of Palm
Beach, and reaches south to Miami Beach, but there exceeds the population limit and so
excludes South Beach, at the moment arguably the trendiest place in North (or South: this is
Miami) America. It is 91 miles long and never more than 3 miles wide.
This new 22d became the scene of a battle between two seasoned politicians who had
The Peo|
Hispanic
couple ff
$29,595;
1992 Pi
Clinton
Bush (F
Perot (1
�FLORIDA
1
321
represented parts of it for years but neither of whom seemed wholly comfortable in it. One was
Clay Shaw, congressman from Fort Lauderdale, a Republican, native Floridian and Catholic
representing increasingly Democratic, Northeastern retiree and Jewish Broward County since
1980. Opposing him was Gwen Margolis, president of the Florida Senate for four years, a
Democrat from North Miami Beach who is Jewish and grew up in Philadelphia, an idealistic
liberal who has also been a practical politician and a successful real estate investor. The sharp
exchanges between the candidates were based on their ideas and records, not their backgrounds.
Shaw ran one ad showing a cash register and saying, "We can't afford Gwen Margolis," and
another quoting her end-of-session accounts of the state Senate as "fouled up beyond all
recognition"; Margolis replied that the quote was taken out of context and mostly she ran things
very ably. She ran ads accusing Shaw of voting to decriminalize drug use—he said he was
adding civil to existing criminal penalties, and attacking him for opposing the family leave bill
and supporting the congressional pay raise. This is a district very much aware that Miami has
been a world drug trafficking center and very concerned about drug-related crime. It is highly
concerned about receiving Haitian and other refugees, and many residents are opposed to the
state's contingency plan to use warehouses in Pompano Beach and other beach towns to house
them if they are admitted in large numbers. This was one of the most expensive races in the
country, waged mostly over TV on both Miami and West Palm Beach stations. In the end,
regional lines held. Margolis carried Dade County 58%-31%. Shaw carried Broward County by
the same margin and Palm Beach County by 60%-29%, for a 529^37% win.
Shaw spent his first eight years in the House on the Judiciary Committee, where he worked on
drug and crime bills; he backed ideas like the death penalty for major drug dealers, a federal
drug czar, and the use of the military to interdict drug smuggling, which became law in 1988. In
July 1988, Shaw switched gears when he won a seat on Ways and Means. There he found
himself on the spot while debating the catastrophic health care program, and forced to cast
decisive votes in committee; a supporter in 1988, he came out for repeal in 1989. With Democrat
Charles Stenholm of Texas, he sponsored the tax credit alternative to the ABC child care bill on
the theory that parents, rather than government bureaucrats, can best make decisions on child
care; Stenholm-Shaw failed 195-225, but had a major effect on the bill that eventually passed
the House. After the 1992 campaign, he came out sharply against allowing more Haitian
refugees in south Florida. Most recently, his cause has been welfare reform, coming forward in
early 1993 with a bill that would take most people off welfare rolls after two years and require
them to work for continued benefits, as Bill Clinton promised to do in the 1992 campaign. He
also introduced a bill in March 1993 to make Social Security taxes for domestics "more
reasonable and easier to pay."
The People: Pop. 1990: 560,959; 31% age 65+; 83% White; 3% Black; 1% Asian; 2% Other; 13%
Hispanic origin. Voting age pop.: 489,631; 2% Black; 11% Hispanic origin. Households: 44% married
couple families; 11% married couple fams. w. children; 51% college educ; median household income:
$29,595; per capita income: $24,663; median gross rent: $545; median house value: $117,300.
1992 Presidential Vote
Clinton (D)
Bush (R)
Perot (I)
115,912 (45%)
96,986 (38%)
44,845 (17%)
1988 Presidential Vote
Bush(R)
Dukakis (D)
132,871 (58%)
97,669 (42%)
�Race and Hispanic origin
White 87.6%
Black 4.1%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.1%
Asian or Pacific Islander 1.5%
Other 6.7%
Hispanic origin 69.6%
Ancestry
American 2.4%
English 3.8%
French 1.4%
German 5.5%
Irish 4.0%
Barnett Bank of Jacksonville; Hialeah; commercial banks 600
County of Dade/High School District; Miami 550
TPL Cordis Inc.; Hialeah; medical instruments/supplies 514
Palm Springs General Hospital; Hialeah 510
2 n District
2d
Italian 3-1%
Polish 1.4%
Russian 1.4%
West Indian 1.7%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Caribbean Center for Advanced Study, Miami 243
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel 255,270
Miami Diario Las Americas (Spanish) 66,174
Miami Herald 400,336
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Miami (100%)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Adelphia Qble; Miami 56,000
Storer Qble TV of Florida Inc.; North Dade County 89,868
Storer South Dade; Miami 44,056
Businesses and other major employers
Baptist Hospital of Miami; Miami 3,000
Coulter Corp.; Hialeah; lab apparatus/analyzers 2,500
System One Holding Inc./System One Corp.; Miami;
tranportation/computer services 2,000
Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co.; Miami; telephone
communications 1,520
Hialeah Hospital; Hialeah 1,400
Ryder System Inc.; Miami; truck rentals 1,322
Suave Shoe Corp.; Hialeah; footwear 1,200
Palmetto General; Hialeah 1,200
Cordis Corp.; Hialeah; medical instruments/supplies 1,150
Trailer Marine Transport Corp.; Miami; freight shipping
1,000
John Alden Financial Corp.; Miami; life insurance 1,000
County of Dade/Solid Waste Mgt. Dept.; Miami 1,000
Qrol Management Corp./Doral Resort & Country Club;
Miami; hotels/retail stores 900
Gator Industries Inc.; Hialeah; footwear 896
J. I. Kislak Inc.; Hialeah; mortgage bankers 803
Baxter Healthcare Corp.; Miami; medical
instruments/supplies 800
State of Florida/Retardation Health Dept.; Opa-Locka 791
Rinker Materials Corp.; Hialeah; concrete/gypsum/plaster
products 700
Prestressed Systems Industries/Basch Products; Miami;
concrete/building products 700
State of Florida/Transportation Dept.; Miami 700
Kendall Regional Medical Center; Miami 700
Fleming Companies Inc.; Miami; grocery products 600
Amerifirst Federal Savings Bank; Miami; savings institutions
600
Citibank Federal Savings Bank/Citicorp Savings of Florida;
Miami; commercial banks 600
Southeast — Coastal Broward, Dade and Palm Beach
Counties; Port Lauderdale
The 22nd is a long shoestring of a distria, hugging the south
Atlantic coast from Juno Beach south to Miami Beach (see map
on page 191). It is roughly 90 miles long and in some places just
a few blocks wide. Its width never extends beyond 3 miles.
The strange shape, which enables the 22nd to pick up
fragments of about 50 different municipalities, was diaated
largely by the desire to place minority-oriented neighborhoods in
distrias to the west, notably the 23rd. Four House incumbents
lived within its borders when the 22nd was drawn in 1992.
Most residents of the coastal neighborhoods are white, and
their economic status ranges from comfortable to wealthy.
Corporate executives abound. There are also quite a few retirees
in oceanfront condominiums.
The distria is less Republican than the state overall, and thus
competitive politically. Although George Bush captured 57 percent
of the presidential vote here in 1988, he lost the distria in 1992.
Democrats start with a solid base in the Dade County
portions of the distria; Republicans have a clear edge in the
Palm Beach part.
Within the borders of the 22nd are the ports of Palm Beach
and Fort Lauderdale, as well as the mouth of the port of Miami.
The distria also contains the Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale
convention centers, the performing arts center in Miami Beach,
the famous Breakers hotel in Palm Beach and Fountainbleau in
Miami Beach, fashionable shopping areas such as Worth Avenue
in Palm Beach and Las Olas Boulevard in Fort Lauderdale, and
miles upon miles of beaches.
The city of Palm Beach is affluent and staunchly Republican.
Democrats fare slightly better in the areas of West Palm Beach
in the district.
Partisan orientations vary considerably among the municipalities within Broward County. Hallandale is strongly Democratic,
while Hollywood is more competitive.
Republicans hold the upper hand in Pompano Beach and
Fort Lauderdale, which has the largest concentration of distria
residents. Fort Lauderdale is dominated by conservative Democrats and Republicans, an outgrowth of the conservative retirees
who settled there from the Midwest three decades ago. Fort
Lauderdale is still less influenced by the liberal attitudes of
northeastern Jewish emigres than are most other major south
Florida cities. Even the Jewish voters who do live in the city tend
not to vote as a bloc.
The Dade County portions of the distria have more of the
northeastern influence. These southernmost stretches of the 22nd
are heavily Jewish and Hispanic.
Election Returns and Party Registration
22nd District
1992
President*
House f
Democrat
Republican
114,938(44.5%)
91,625 (37.1%)
98,148 (38.0%)
128,400 (52.096)
Florida
197
�1990
1990
Republican
69,510 (41.6%)
22nd District
Governor
President
Senate
Governor
Democrat
97,618 (58.4%)
91,764 (42.7%)
98,100 (51.9%)
87,188 (45.4%)
123,148 (57.3%)
90,903 (48.1%)
104,927 (54.6%)
Party registration f
150,189 (47.2%)
138,528 (43.5%)
'Vott for I'erol was 4.5,134 117.5% ).
Demographics
Percent change from 1980 (new district in the 1990s)
Land area 128 square miles
Population per square mile 4,405
Cities, 1990 population (10,000
Aventura CDP (pt.) 14,914
Boca Raton (pt.) 13,908
Deerfield Beach (pt.)
13,209
Fort Lauderdale (pt.)
70,157
llahdale (pt.) 26,979
klywood (pt.) 32,712
I Estates CDP 13,531
•
Lake Worth (pt.) 11,641
Lighthouse Point 10,378
Miami Beach (pt.) 58,918
Palm Beach (pt.) 129,688
or more)
North Miami Beach (pt.)
10,556
North Miami (pt.) 10,458
North Palm Beach 11,343
Oakland Park (pt.) 24,474
OjusCDP(pt.) 14,671
Pompano Beach (pt.)
33,485
Sunny Isles CDP 11,772
West Palm Beach (pt.)
22,851
Wilton Manors 11,804
Race and Hispanic origin
White 94.2%
Black 3.0%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.1%
Asian or Pacific Islander 1.1%
Other 1.7%
Hispanic origin 12.8%
Ancestry
American 4.2%
Austrian 1.5%
Dutch 1.6%
English 12.6%
French 4.0%
French Canadian 1.2%
German 17.2%
Hungarian 1.7%
Irish 13.4%
Italian 9-0%
Polish 6.0%
Russian 6.7%
Scotch Irish 1.8%
Scottish 2.3%
Swedish 1.4%
West Indian 1.3%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Art Institute of Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Lauderdale 1,893
Ft. Lauderdale College, Ft. Lauderdale 444
International Fine Arts College, Miami 446
^ ^ ^ L i o n a l Educational Center-Bauder College, Ft. Lauderdale
^Trospect Hall College, Hollywood 260
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Fr. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel 255,270
198 Florida
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Miami (63%) and West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce-Vero
Beach (37%)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
\lnJtptnJentlothtr is grtattr than }%.
Continental Cablevision of Florida; Pompano Beach 148,929
Selkirk Communications Inc.; Fort Lauderdale 68,000
Selkirk Communications Inc.; Hallandale 11,500
Storer Cable; Hollywood 29,396
Storer Cable TV of Florida Inc.; North Dade County 89,868
Population 562,519
Counties, 1990 population
Broward (pt.) 267,489
Dade(pt.) 165,342
Miami Diario Las Americas (Spanish) 66,174
Miami Herald 400,336
West Palm Beach Post 178,030
Businesses and other major employers
Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami 2,750
Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co.; Ft. Lauderdale;
telephone communications 1,700
Boca Raton Hotel & Club; Boca Raton; hotel 1,400
Holy Cross Hospital Inc.; Ft. Lauderdale 1,300
Hotelerama Associates Ltd./Fontainebleau Hilton Resort;
Miami; hotel 1,200
Good Samaritan Medical Center; West Palm Beach 1,150
Palm Beach Newspapers Inc.; West Palm Beach; newspapers
1,000
Miami Heart Institute; Miami 950
Marriott Corp./Harbor Beach Resort; Ft. Lauderdale; hotel
900
Florida Power & Light Co.; West Palm Beach; electric
services 850
Palm Beach Gardens Medical Center; West Palm Beach 850
Advanced Telecom Corp./ATC Long Distance; Boca Raton;
telephone communications 800
American Medical Intl.; Ft. Lauderdale 800
St. Francis Hospital; Miami 750
Breakers Palm Beach Inc./Breakers Hotel; Palm Beach; hotel
750
Humana Inc./Humana Hospital Biscayne; Miami 700
Select Export Corp./Trident of North America; Ft. Lauderdale; office/art supplies 650
FDR Washington Inc./Monte Carlo; Ft. Lauderdale;
bars/restaurants 635
Marriott Corp./Ft. Lauderdale Marriot Hotel; Ft. Lauderdale;
hotel 607
Turnbrry Isle Yacht Country Club; Miami; recreation services
600
Imperial Point Hospital; Ft. Lauderdale 600
County of Palm Beach; West Palm Beach 600
School Board Palm Beach County; West Palm Beach 600
- ITT Sheraton Corp./Sheraton; Miami; hotel 575
United Tech Opt. Systems; West Palm Beach;
measuring/controlling devices 550
Omni International Hotel; Miami; hotel 520
23rd District
Southeast — Parts of St. Lucie, Martin, Broward and
Palm Beach Counties
One of the most unusual charaaeristics of Florida's congressional map for the 1990s is the kite-like 23rd. The distria extends
over seven counties. Most of its land mass is in western St. Lucie,
�FLORIDA CLIPS
�NAPLES DAILY NEWS
F r i . , Feb «, 1994
Labor secretary says U.S.
needs job training system
Robert B. Reich speaks to group meeting in Naples
By CLAY W. CONE
Staff Business Writer
Secretary of Labor Robert B
Reich told a group meeting in
Naples on Thursday night that a
new system of job training and reemployment must be devised so
that American workers can still
prosper amid a changing work
force.
Speaking to members of the National Association of Manufacturers,
Reich provided a brief outline of the
Clinton Administration's plans to increase spending on job training and
placement assistance. At the same
time, Reich asked for helped from
the private sector in implementing
the new plans.
"The labor force, which is the
critical piece of our competitive
strategy, needs to get the continuous education that it demands and
is built upon," Reich said. "The
Staff photo by Cara Jooes business community has got to be
involved to ensure the training is
U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich ad- there and the jobs are there on the
dresses the National Association of Man- other side."
Reich's remarks came just four
ufacturers on Thursday at the Registry.
sector jobs than in the previous
four years combined — fear has
not departed." he said.
According to Reich, the administration is proposing legislation
that would establish a school-towork transition program for the 75
percent of young people who don't
graduate from college. The
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
now in the Senate would provide
classroom training and on-the-job
experience during the last two
years of high school and for at
least one year beyond.
Statistics have shown that additional training is of increasing importance in determining workers'
wages. Reich noted that while the
earnings of college graduates increased by 9 percent between
1981 and "l991. the earnings of
those workers with only high
school educations dropped by 7
percent
As tor re-employment, the administration proposes a transformation of the present $22-billion
insurance system into a more active, strategic system.
• Where an existing program
works, we'll learn from it and use
it as a model Where it s flawed,
we'll fix it. And where it's disastrous, we may even dump it.
What's more, we wont run up,
taxes to pay the tab.' he said
The administration would con-!
solidate "the hodgepodge of ser-;
vices now available at the state,
and federal levels." Reich said. It;
also would allow any worker who;
is permanently laid-off and who.
wants help to get help Those!
workers deemed at risk of longterm unemployment would be.
first urgeted
'.
Reich noted the earlier a displaced worker begins training for.
a new career, the more likely it is",
that person will get a new jobquickly
Reich spoke to the
National Association
of Manufacturers at
the Registry Resort.
days before the administration is
expected to release its latest
budget proposal. While it is believed the administration will
cut spending on hundreds of federal programs, it is expected
that additional funds will be
sought for job training, counseling and benefits.
Reich declined to provide specifics, but some analysts predict
the administration will seek to
double the $1.5 billion now spent
on job assistance.
Worker assistance remains
high on the administration s
agenda even though there are
signs of a recovering economy.
Reich said. "Although jobs have
returned — last year the economy added more new private
The administration also pro-;
poses locally run one-stop career
centers" to provide workers withi
services such as job search assis-;
tance, counseling and access to'
training. A national jobs data bank,
would be set up to help employers
make quicker, less costly connections with prospective employees.
Reich made his remarks to approximately 150 members of theNational Association of Manufacturers. The group is holding its*
board meetings at the RegistryResort in North Naples. The meetings will conclude late Saturday
�GEORGIA
�JOHN LEWIS - 5th C
D
WY & MAS
AS
EN
�REA Congressional Committee
Summary Sheet
Rep. John Lewis (D-5 GA)
329-CHOB
202/225-3801
Committee:
Ways & Means
Legislative History:
DOL support percentage- 88 %
(X- indicates voted with DOL position)
*School-to-Work
X
*Goals 2000
X
Budget Resolution Adoption
X
Stimulus Package
X
Budget Reconciliation
X
Electoral Information:
1992 Percent of VoteLabor $ as % of total contribs.-
EUC #4
Strikebreaker Vote
NAFTA
EUC #5
Penny-Kasich
X
X
X
X
72%
34%
Other Information Acquired and Available:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Counties/Cities within CD's
Counties/Cities with above average unemployment rates (highlighted in yellow)
REA related newspaper articles and editorials organized by state
Community and Technical Colleges by CD
1993 Title III Discretionary Grant awards by state and CD
Racial/Ethnic make up of district
Major media in district
Major employers by CD
Pro-NAFTA Businesses by State and CD
Businesses supporting REA (highlighted in green)
Major layoffs by state (partial)
* vote not calculated when determining support percentage
�American Assn of Community CoUeges
F D R L RELATIONS
EEA
03:20:40 P
M
Run Date: 05/20/93
Page: 27
Terminal: T A
2
Selection: A C M M E S IN C N . DISTRICT
AC EBR
OG
C
O
NM
AE
CLEE
OLG
CITY/STATE
ZIP
TLPOE
EEHN
FX
A
05GE0RGIA
00510
05
Edwin A. Thompson
Atlanta Metropolitan College
Atlanta G
A
30310
(404)756-4441
(000)000-0000
07GE0RGIA
03096
07
Marlon D Crimm
.
Chattahoochee Tech Inst
Marietta G
A
30060
(404)528-4500
(404)528-4580
16K5
07
Dr. Judy H. Hulsey
Carroll Technical Institute
Carrollton G
A
30117
(404) 836-6800
00392
07
Lynn Cundiff
Floyd College
Rome G
A
30162-1864
(706)295-6328
(706)295-6610
15000
07
Roger Slater
West Georgia College
LaGrange G
A
30240
(706)883-8324
(706)883-6048
Middle Georgia College
Cochran G
A
310K
(912)934-6221
(912)934-3199
08GE0RGIA
OKI 6
O
S
Joe Ben welch
00774
08
Edward D Jackson, Jr. South Georgia College
.
Douglas G
A
31533
(912)383-4220
(912)383-4322
09
J . Foster Watkins
Gainesvi U e Col lege
Gainesville G
A
30503
(404)535-6239
(404)535-6359
Kenneth C Easom
.
Athens Area Technical Inst
Athens G
A
30610-0399
(706)549-8050
(706)369-5753
E0RGIA
128;
10GE0RGIA
03202
10
�344
GEORGIA
for Martin Luther King, Jr.; he passed a bill to study designating the route from Selma to
Montgomery as a national trail, a fitting remembrance of the 1965 march. But while
commemorating the civil rights past, Lewis thinks that blacks should run as "mainstream
politicians," and was an early supporter of Bill Clinton. Lewis sponsored a bill for tougher
billboard control on interstate highways, and in May 1992 cast the key vote on a bill preserving
federal forests to save the spotted owl. He got MARTA subway extensionfinancingincluded in
the 1991 transportation bill. Though generally opposed to U.S. military intervention abroad, he
applauded the sending of U.S. troops to Somalia in December 1992. In 1993, after election to his
fourth term, he won a seat on the Ways and Means Committee.
The People: Pop. 1990: 586,526; 3% rural; 10% age 65+; 35% White; 62% Black; 1% Asian; 1% Other;
2% Hispanic origin. Voting age pop.: 440,803; 57% Black; 2% Hispanic origin. Households: 35% married
couple families; 15% married couple fams. w. children; 49% college educ; median household income:
$25,892; per capita income: $15,831; median gross rent: $461; median house value: $74,800.
1992 Presidential Vote
Clinton (D)
Bush (R)
Perot (I)
140,175 (67%)
52,191 (25%)
15,241 (7%)
1988 Presidential Vote
Dukakis (D)
Bush (R)
1 17,881 (65%)
64,040 (35%)
Rep. John Lewis (D)
Elected 1986; b. Feb. 21, 1940, Troy, AL; home, Atlanta; Amer.
Baptist Theological Seminary, B.A. 1961, Fisk U., B.A. 1963;
Baptist; married (Lillian).
Career: Chmn., Student Nonviolent Coord. Cmte., 1963-66;
Field Foundation, 1966-67; Community Organization Dir., Southern Regional Cncl., 1967-70; Exec. Dir., Voter Educ. Project,
1970-76; Assoc. Dir., ACTION, 1977-80; Community Affairs
Dir., Natl. Coop. Bank, 1980-82; Atlanta City Cncl., 1981-86.
Offices: 329 CHOB 20515, 202-225-3801. Also Equitable Bldg.
#750, 100 Peachtree St., NW, Atlanta 30303, 404-659-0116.
Committees: District of Columbia (6th of 8 D): Government
Operations and Metropolitan Affairs; Judiciary and Education.
Ways and Means (16th of 24 D): Health; Oversight.
Group Ratings
1992
1991
ADA
95
85
ACLU COPE
92
100
92
CDF
100
100
CFA
100
89
National Journal Ratings
1991 LIB - 1991 CONS
Economic
79% — 18%
Social
88% —
0%
Foreign
92% —
0%
LCV
88
85
ACU NTLC
0
5
0
—
NSI
10
—
COC
13
0
CEI
8
6
1992 L I B - 1992 CONS
91% —
0%
92% —
0%
90% _
0%
Key Votes of the 102d Congress
1. Ban Striker Replace FOR 5. Handgun Wait/7-Day FOR
2. $ for Homeownership AGN 6. Overseas Mil. Abortion FOR
3. Tax Rich/Cut Mid Cls. FOR 7. Obscn. Art NEA $ BanAGN
4. FY93/$15B Def. Cut FOR 8. Death Pen. from Jury AGN
9. Use Force in Gulf AGN
10. US Mil. Abroad $ Cut FOR
11. Limit SDI Funds
FOR
12. Cuba Trade Embargo AGN
Key Votes of t
1. Family Lea
Election Resu!
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
SIXTH D
In the red
metropolita
north of do\
into territor
perhaps 10(
the only foe
not just she
some ways,
and large-U
affluence t
The 6th
This is a ne
and parts
congressm
6th for 14
their cong,
6th ranks
in median
most Repi
the most !
Nonet h
whip he r
of the m
directions
infuriates
pierce tot
sloppines
still seen
other Re
office the
com miss
Georgia
1974,ca
he lost
unanimt
were grc
because
Vietnan
1
�342
GEORGIA
1988 Presidential Vote.
1992 Presidential Vote
Bush(R)
Clinton (D)
Perot (I)
116,418 (46%)
101,990 (40%)
33,226 (13%)
120,482
66,557 (3 j
6%
Rep. John Under (R)
Elected 1992; b. Sepy9, 1942, Deer River, MN; home, Dunwoody
U. of MN, B.S. 1964f D.D.S., 1967; Presbyterian; married (Lynne)
Career: Air Borce, 1967-69; Practicing dentist, 1969-82Founder & Pyft., Under Financial, 1977-92; GA House of Rep '
1976-80,1952-90.
s
605 LHOB 20515, 202-225-4272. Also 3003 Chamblee
d., # 140, Atlanta 30341, 404-936-9400.
Committees: Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (13th of 20 R)
iMisumer Credit and Insurance; Financial Institutions Supervi^ion, Regulation and Deposit Insurance. Science, Space and Technology (18th of 22 R): Technology, Environment and Aviation.
Veterans' Affairs (12th of 14 R): Hospitals and Health Care.
:
Group Ratings and 10M Congress Votes: Newly Elected
Key Votes of the 10}/Congress
2. Deficit Reduction
1992/primary
1990 general
John Linder(R)
Cathey Steinberg (D)
John Linder(R)
Emory Morsberger (R)
John Linder(R)
Emory Morsberger (R)
Jimmy Fisher (R)
Richard Robinson (R)
Tom Phillips (R)
Ray Miller (R)
Ben Jones (D)
John Linder (R)
3. Stimulus Plan
126,495
123,819
21,807
13,370
17,828
14,381
5,647
5,587
5,455
2,480
96,526
87,569
(51%)
(49%)
(62%)
(38%)
(34%)
(28%)
(11%)
(11%)
(11%)
(5%)
(52%)
(48%)
AGN
($542,137)
($603,399)
($711,015)
($696,859)
FIFTH DISTRICT
•
Venture out of the quiet of the Ebenezer Baptist Church or the shade of Martin Luther King
Jr.'s boyhood home two blocks away and into the steam-heat blast of the sun on Auburn
Avenue—Sweet Auburn—and you can see, a mile away, downtown Atlanta's atrium-skyscrapers towering in their glory. They are evidence of the wealth and vibrant growth of "The City," as
it boasted in the 1960s, "Too Busy To Hate," the commercial capital of the South, the
metropolis that has grown up where there was little more than a railroad junction at the time of
the War Between the States. But the awesome achievement that is downtown Atlanta is
overshadowed by the revolution made in very large part by a man who grew up on Auburn
Avenue, where people who never felt air conditioning moved slowly in the sweltering heat, and
around Morehouse and Spelman Colleges, where proud professionals worked hard and raised
�120,482 (64%)
66,557 (36%)
their families and yet never saw more than a few dollars cash at a time. Atlanta's white
gstablishment, led by Mayors William Hartsfield and Ivan Allen and Coca-Cola's Robert
yVoodruff, deserve some credit for abandoning segregation, but it was King and other civil rights
leaders who took the risks that led them to do so. Atlanta's city fathers acted out of good will, but
| o with an eye for the economic growth of their city, which they knew would be hurt by violent
resistance. White Atlanta's decision to desegregate has helped Atlanta prosper, but King's vision
nd movement to change the way Americans behave have made it possible for a nation to live up
to its ideals.
Yet, sadly, not all is entirely well in Atlanta—on Peachtree Street or on Sweet Auburn.
Downtown Atlanta's primacy in office buildings was being eclipsed by north side Edge Cities in
Buckhead and along 1-285. And many of Atlanta's black neighborhoods today have been
abandoned by the area's affluent families who have headed to subdivisions in DeKalb County,
leaving to the mercies of a criminal underclass, the central city with its high rates of murder and
infant mortality, abandoned housing and street crime. But Atlanta still has much to be proud of:
the world-wide success of Coca-Cola and CNN, and the securing of the 1996 summer Olympics
that was the crowning achievement of former (1981-89) Mayor Andrew Young.
Georgia's 5th Congressional District includes most of Atlanta and a few suburbs, from posh
white Sandy Spring in the north to middle-class and increasingly black East Point in the south,
plus the rural precincts of southwest Fulton and mostly black southwest DeKalb counties. The
congressman is John Lewis, who made history a quarter-century before his election as a hero of
the civil rights movement. A sharecropper's son from Troy, Alabama, he was the first in his
family tofinishhigh school; he wrote Ralph Abernathy for help in suing for the right to enter
Troy State College; he met Martin Luther King when he was 18. In 1959, at age 19, he helped
organize thefirstlunch-counter sit-in, which was received with open hostility hard to imagine
today. In 1960, the day after John Kennedy was elected, Lewis sat in at the Krystal Diner in
Nashville while a waitress poured cleansing powder down his back and water over his food; after
eating, he went to talk to the manager, who turned a fumigating machine on him. In May 1961,
he was on thefirstof the Freedom Rides, riding buses as they were attacked and burned; he was
viciously beaten in Rock Hill, South Carolina, and Montgomery, Alabama. He spoke at the
1963 March on Washington. In 1964, he helped coordinate the Mississippi Freedom Project. In
1965, he led the Selma-to-Montgomery march to petition for voting rights and was attacked by
policemen. Modestly, quietly, maintaining his poise and good judgment under harsh circumstances, Lewis was one of the people who risked their lives many times to make the civil rights
revolution happen.
Lewis responded to these beatings with a stubborn determination to persevere with actions,
not just words. His tenure as head of the Voter Education Project in Atlanta and his work at
ACTION in the Carter Administration did not give him the publicity and fame, however, that
made a national celebrity of Jesse Jackson, whose civil rights movement credentials are much
thinner. Lewis'sfirstforay into electoral politics was unsuccessful: he ran in 1977 to replace
Andrew Young in the House and was soundly beaten by Wyche Fowler (but ran ahead of
Republican Paul Coverdell, who beat Fowler in the 1992 Senate election). After winning a seat
on the Atlanta Council in 1981, Lewis ran for Congress in 1986, and trailed Julian Bond 47%3 % in thefirstprimary. But even though Bond won over 60% of the black vote, Lewis won the
5
runoff because, thanks to his hard work on local issues like zoning and city ethics, he drew nearly
9 % of the white vote. He has been reelected easily since, with more than 70% in primary and
0
general in 1992.
Lewis describes himself as a coalition-builder: "I don't want to compromise my belief in
interracial democracy." He cultivates friendships and alliances with many members, including
those who have less faith in government action to solve problems—a path that seems to be
followed by many members elected in new black-majority districts. He is now a chief deputy
whip, and so is involved in many issues though not usually in a way that gives him publicity. He
was instrumental in getting in Atlanta thefirstfederal building in the United States to be named
a S
ne, DTmwcody;
arried (Lynne).
,tist, 1969-82;
-louse of Reps.,
1003 Chamblee(13th of 20 R);
utions Superviipace and Techt and Aviation.
;alth Care.
in
AGN
($711,015)
($696,859)
in Luther King
;un on Auburn
'.rium-skyscrap' "The City," as
the South, the
a at the time of
jwn Atlanta is
up^M^uburn
eri^^Bit, and
lardima raised
a
�GEORU1A
jjey Votes of the 103d Congress
FOR 2. Deficit Reduction
^ 1 . Family Leave
A
8
is
3. Stimulus Plan
FOR
^flection Results
1992 general
in
ic
FOR
1992 primary
1990 general
Paul Stabler (R)
John Lewis (D)
Mable "Able" Thomas (D)
John Lewis (D)
J. W. Tibbs, Jr. (R)
147,445
56,960
43,971
13,686
86,037
27,781
(72%)
(28%)
(76%)
(24%)
(76%)
(24%)
($246,913)
($59,300)
($108,118)
($7,755)
:r;
SIXTH DISTRICT
In the red clay hills north of Atlanta, over the last three decades, an almost wholly new
metropolitan quarter has grown up as affluent Atlanta has spread out from Ansley Park just
north of downtown and the rolling hills of Buckhead within the city limit past the 1-285 Beltway
into territory that was once just farms, small towns and little factory cities. Where there were
perhaps 100,000 people in the 1950s, there are one million today. No longer is downtown Atlanta
the only focus: the Edge Cities of Buckhead, Perimeter Center and Cumberland Mall are now
not just shopping but major office centers, rivaling downtown Atlanta in square footage. But in
some ways, north Atlanta has not changed greatly: the buildings are tree-shaded and lush foliage
and large-lot requirements have given most of the communities a woodsy look; and for all their
affluence they still have a folksy atmosphere and at least a hint of a southern accent.
The 6th Congressional District of Georgia occupies a large portion of this new north Atlanta.
This is a new district, taking in parts of Fulton, Cobb, DeKalb, Gwinnett and Cherokee Counties
and parts of the old 4th, 5th, 7th and 9th Districts (though not the old 6th), and it has as its
congressman a politician entirely new to the area, Newt Gingrich, who had represented the old
6th for 14 years. It would surely surprise Georgians a generation or so ago to learn that one of
their congressional districts ranks among the nation's richest and best educated, but it does. The
6th ranks 11 th of 435 districts in percentage of adults with a college degree, at 40%; it ranks 25th
in median household income, at $46,997, behind districts all in larger metro areas. It is easily the
most Republican district in Georgia, having voted 75% for George Bush in 1988; indeed, one of
the most heavily Republican districts in the country.
Nonetheless, this was not a district easily won by Newt Gingrich, even though as minority
whip he ranked second in his party's leadership in the House, and by any measure has been one
of the most intellectually creative and politically effective members of Congress, and in
directions most 6th District voters approve. But there is something about Gingrich that
infuriates most Democrats and puts off many Republicans: his criticisms of things as they are
pierce too deeply, wounding their targets' claims to intellectual and moral superiority, while his
sloppiness in personal and political matters leaves him open to furious counterattack. Gingrich is
still seen as an outside agitator in Congress, though he has served there longer than all but 19
other Republicans, and he does not have deep Georgia roots, though he has been running for
office there now for 20 years. Gingrich (like fellow conservative Phil Gramm) is the son of a noncommissioned Army officer. He went to college at Emory and became a history teacher at West
Georgia College in Carrollton. After less than four years of teaching, he ran for Congress in
1974, campaigning on ethics issues against an old-line conservative southern Democrat, and lost;
he lost again in 1976 but persevered and won in 1978, just as House Republicans were
unanimously embracing the Kemp-Roth 30% tax cut. He came to office little affected by what
were great struggles for most Democrats of his generation, civil rights and Vietnam; civil rights,
because he was raised in the most integrated part of American society, the career military;
Vietnam, because as a graduate student who was married with children during the draft years he
�Foote & Davies Inc./American Signature; Atlanta; commercial printing 750
C&S/Sovtan Corp./C&S National Bank; Tucker; credit institutions 750
Days Inn of America Franchising; Atlanta; misc. investing
735
American Building Maint. Co.; Atlanta; building services 710
General Motors Corp.; Atlanta; warehousing 700
Orkin Exterminating Co./Rollins Proteaive Service; Atlanta;
business services 700
Payroll Inc.; Atlanta; personnel supply services 669
Rich's Inc.; Stone Mountain; department stores 650
Kraft General Foods Inc.; Decatur; dairy products 600
Rockwell Intl. Corp./Tactical Systems Div.; Duluth;
search/navigation equipment 600
Metropolitan Atlanta Transit; Atlanta; transportation 600
Indal Inc.; Norcross; metal produas 600
Macy's South Inc.; Atlanta; department stores 600
U.S. Center for Disease Control; Atlanta 600
Kysor Industrial Corp./Warren-Sherer Div.; Conyers; refrigeration 564
Hospital Corp. America/Northlake Regional Medical Center;
Tucker; health services 550
Scientific-Atlanta Inc./Broadband Communications Div.;
Norcross; communications equipment 525
Rockdale Hospital; Conyers 525
museum. Tourists also can pay homage to late civil rights leader
the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; his birthplace, the church
where he preached and his Center for Non-Violent Change are
all here.
South of Atlanta, the distria takes in East'Point, a lowermiddle-class community. Many of its residents work at
Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport, which is divided between the 5th and 3rd districts. The 1991 closure of Eastern
Airlines took a bite out of aviation employment, costing 10,000
people their jobs. But TWA recently made Atlanta a mini-hub,
and other job opportunities in the metropolitan area should
mitigate the loss of Eastern.
Among the 5th's largest employers are Delta Airlines, the Fort
McPherson Army Forces Command, Coca-Cola, Cable News
Network, Bell South and timber giant Georgia Pacific.
More than 90 percent of the distria's vote comes out of
Fulton County. Of the rest, the biggest share (about 4 percent)
comes from northwest Clayton County, home to many bluecollar, white middle-class airport workers and a growing Asian
population.
Election Returns
Republican
5th District
Democrat
1992
President*
House
140,270 (67.6*)
147,445 (72.196)
52,087 (25.1*)
56,960 (27.9*)
1990
Senate
Governor
95,000 (100.0*)
76,436 (66.6*)
38,390 (33.4*)
—
5th District
1988
President
116,731 (64.8*)
63,406 (35.2*)
Parts of Atlanta
1986
Senate
Governor
99,729 (71.1*)
97,200 (72.2*)
40,569 (28.9*)
37,463 (27.8*)
The obvious symbol of the 5th is Atlanta's alluring skyline,
with the state Capitol, the steel-and-glass office skyscrapers and
the towering hotels that make the city the commercial center of
the Southeast and the symbolic capital of the New South.
However, in the shadows of those buildings is another
Atlanta, a mostly black city struggling with typical urban social
problems—unemployment, crime and drugs. While Atlanta's
business boom spurred continued suburban sprawl through the
1980s, the city's population dropped slightly, to just over 394,000.
But as host city for the 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta is on
the cusp of another building boom: Construaion of Olympic
venues could total $500 million. One of the largest Olympic
construaion projeas is a new stadium that will be home to the
Atlanta Falcons.
The 5th takes in most of Atlanta and surrounding Fulton
County, as well as some suburban territory in neighboring
counties, including the southern half of De Kalb County and
fragments of northwest Clayton and southern Cobb counties.
Blacks account for 62 percent of the district's population and 54
percent of its registered voters, and they help make the 5th a
Democratic bastion. In the 1992 presidential contest. Bill Clinton
took just over two-thirds of the vote in the 5th, his best showing
in all of Georgia's 11 districts. Democrat Rep. John Lewis
topp;d 70 percent in winning re-eleaion in 1992.
Fulton is reliable Democratic territory, though there are
pockets of GOP strength in its northern suburbs. One of those
omrnunities is Sandy Springs, a booming area of white-collar,
iddle-level managers.
The heart of the district is Atlanta itself. Its downtown has
enjoyed new attention with the recent opening of Underground
Atlanta, a tourist shopping complex, and the nearby Coca-Cola
210
Georgia
•Vou for Pmt was 15,214 (7.3%).
Demographics
Population
586,485
Percent change from 1980 6.696
Land area 406 square miles
Population per square mile 1,445
Counties, 1990 population
Clayton (pt.) 31,410
Cobb(pt.) 11,104
DeKalb(pt.) 24,847
Fulton (pt.) 519,124
Cities, 1990 population (10,000 or more)
Atlanta (pt.) 372,250
Sandy Springs CDP (pt.)
College Park 20,457
51,957
East Point 34,402
Race and Hispanic origin
White 35.696
Black 62.396
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.296
Asian or Pacific Islander 1.1%
Other 0.896
Hispanic origin 1.8%
Ancestry
American 5.296
English 8.7%
French 1.5%
German 6.9*
�Irish 6.8%
Italian 1.1%
Scotch Irish 2.1%
Scottish 1.7%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
American College of Applied Arts, Atlanta 705
Art Institute of Atlanta, Atlanta 1,288
Atlanta College of Art, Atlanta 374
Atlanta Metropolitan College, Atlanta 1,620
Bauder Fashion College, Atlanta 693
Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta 3,507
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 12,241
Georgia State University, Atlanta 23,336
Interdenominational Theological Center, Atlanta 294
Massey Business College, Atlanta 465
Morehouse College, Atlanta 2,720
Morris Brown College, Atlanta 1,354
Spelman College, Atlanta 1,710
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Atlanta Journal-Constitution 494,556
Marietta Daily Journal Sunday Record 26,330
Commercial television stations, affiliations
ADI: Atlanta (100%)
WSB-TV, Atlanta (ABC)
WTBS, Atlanta (None)
WVEU, Atlanta (None)
WXIA-TV, Atlanta (NBC)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Georgia Cable TV/Comm; Atlanta 92,544
Georgia Cable TV/Comm; Decatur 99,456
Wometco Cable TV/Clayton County; Jonesboro 37,659
Military installations, 1991
Fort McPherson (Army), Atlanta 4,128
t
Businesses and other major employers
Delta Air Lines Inc.; Atlanta; airline 24,199
NationsBank; Atlanta; commercial banks 15,000
Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta 6,478
State of Georgia/Corrections Dept.; Atlanta 6,000
Grady Memorial Hospital; Atlanta 4,950
City of Atlanta; Atlanta 4,000
Suntrust Banks Inc.; Atlanta; commercial banks 3,923
Coca-Cola Co. Inc.; Atlanta; beverages 3,500
Ford Motor Co./Ford Mercury; Atlanta; motor vehicles
2,630
Turner Broadcasting System; Atlanta; radio/TV broadcasting 2,407
Piedmont Hospital Inc.; Atlanta 2,385
Georgia Baptist Hospital; Atlanta 2,300
Northside Hospital; Atlanta 2,280
Georgia Power Co.; Atlanta; electric services 2,250
Georgia-Pacific Corp./Wood Products Div.; Atlanta; sawmills 2,000
AT&T Co.; Atlanta; personnel supply services 2,000
Marriott Corp./Atlanta Marriott Marquis; Atlanta; hotel
1,800
Law Intl. Inc.; Atlanta; engineering/architectural services
1,600
Georgia Technical Research Institute; Atlanta; research services 1,500
Northwest Airlines Inc.; Atlanta; airline 1,400
Bellsouth Telecommunications/Southern Bell Telephone; Atlanta; telephone communications 1,388
ICS-Southern Services Inc.; Atlanta; building services 1,305
Bank South Corp.; Atlanta; holding offices 1,300
State of Georgia/Natural Resources Dept.; Atlanta 1,300
Qble News Network Inc./CNN; Atlanta; cable TV services
1,275
Equifax Inc.; Atlanta; insurance services 1,200
State of Georgia/Transportation Dept.; Atlanta 1,200
State of Georgia/Revenue Dept.; Atlanta 1,200
County of Fulton/Sheriffs Dept.; Atlanta 1,200
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Atlanta 1,200
Atlanta Gas Light Co.; Atlanta; petroleum produas 1,123
Macy's South Inc.; Atlanta; department stores 1,100
Life Insurance Co. of Georgia; Atlanta; life insurance 1,100
State of Georgia/Administrative Services Dept.; Atlanta
1,100
Georgia Tech Research Corp.; Atlanta; research services
1,100
Hospital Corp. America/HCA West Paces Ferry Hospital;
Atlanta 1,100
Tri-City Hospital Authority/South Fulton Medical Center;
Atlanta 1,091
Wachovia Bank of Georgia; Atlanta; commercial banks 1,070
Georgia Power Co.; Atlanta; elearic services 1,000
Rich's Inc./Rich's at Lenox; Atlanta; department stores 1,000
State of Georgia/Building Authority; Atlanta 1,000
Dobbs Intl. Services; Atlanta; bars/restaurants 1,000
Chatham Land & Dev. Co.; Atlanta; real estate agents 1,000
James Pair Inc.; Atlanta; personnel supply services 1,000
NationsBank; Atlanta; business services 1,000
Peachtree Hotel Co./Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel; Atlanta;
hotel 1,000
U.S. Internal Revenue Service; Atlanta 1,000
Bellsouth Corp.; Atlanta; telephone communications 982
Federal Reserve Bank Atlanta; Atlanta 980
Owens-Illinois Inc./Owens Brockway Div, Atlanta;
glass/glassware 920
IBM Corp.; Atlanta; management/public relations 900
Scottish Rite Hospital; Atlanta 900
Clark Atlanta University; Atlanta 900
Hyatt Hotels Corp./Hyatt Regency Atlanta; Atlanta; hotel
850
Atlanta Housing Authority; Atlanta 833
U.S. Postal Service; Atlanta 800
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration; Atlanta 800
State of Georgia; Atlanta; labor organizations 800
AT&T Co./AT&T Technologies; Atlanta; elearical repair
800
Transus Inc.; Atlanta; trucking services 750
AT&T Co.; Atlanta; telephone communications 750
Ernst & Young; Atlanta; accounting/auditing 750
Nabisco Brands Inc.; Atlanta; bakery produas 700
Georgia Assoc. Marriage; Atlanta; family services 700
U.S. Commerce Dept.; Atlanta 700
Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Georgia; Atlanta; medical
service/health insurance 675
Union Security Life Insurance Co.; Atlanta; life insurance 660
Printpack Inc.; Atlanta; paper produas 650
Knowledgeware Inc.; Atlanta; computer services 650
Atlantic Steel Co.; Atlanta; steel products 623
King & Spalding; Atlanta; legal services 620
Georgia
211
�Bellsouth Mobility Inc.; Atlanta; telephone communications
6i0
Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp.; Fairburn; mineral produas
Ow
(AX)
asure Chest Advertising Co.; Atlanta; commercial printing
600
Flowers Industries Inc./Flowers Baking Co. Chattooga; Atlanta; horticultural specialties 600
Mead Corp./Mead Packaging Div.; Atlanta; paperboard
mills 600
AT&T Co.; Atlanta; accounting services 600
Atlanta Center Ltd./Atlanta Hilton & Towers; Atlanta; hotel
600
Omni Hotels Management Corp./Omni Hotel at CNN Center; Atlanta; hotel 570
U.S. Penitentiary; Atlanta 550
Weight Watchers of Greater Atlanta; Atlanta; diet services
550
American Software Inc.; Atlanta; computer services 550
Gocde Brothers Poultry Inc.; Atlanta; grocery produas 525
A:
The remaining share of the vote in the district—about 25
percent—comes from northern De Kalb County, northern
Gwinnett County and southern Cherokee County. Again, all are
solidly Republican.
In northern De Kalb County, affluent Dunwoody is a haven
for the professional class, with well-manicured lawns and country
clubs. Many of these suburbanites came to Atlanta from other
areas of the country. Holiday Inn and United Parcel Service have
their headquarters in Dunwoody.
Gwinnett and Cherokee counties were among the state's
fastest-growing in the 1980s, also attracting newcomers with no
conneaions to the region's traditional Democratic ties.
Election Returns
Atlanta
Republican
President*
House
82,355 (29.4%)
116,196 (42.3«)
155,760 (55.6%)
158,761 (57.7*)
1990
Senate
Governor
25,225 (100.0%)
32,452 (32.6%)
67,181 (67.4%)
1988
6th District
Democrat
1992
6th District
President
42,318 (24.9%)
127,643 (75.1%)
1986
Senate
Governor
31,472 (339%)
48,699 (53.1%)
61,463 (66.1%)
43,028 (46.9%)
Suburbs — Roswell; Part of Marietta
—
'Vott for Pmt was 41,876 (15.0% j.
Anchored in Atlanta's burgeoning northern suburbs, the 6th
covers pans of five counties that are laden with Republican
voters who work in high-technology and other white-collar
occupations. This area is commonly referred to as the Golden
uiiupa
cent; it is sandwiched between three of the state's major
tate highways—1-75, 1-85 and the 1-285 perimeter highway,
obb County, which lies northwest of Atlanta, accounts for
more than 50 percent of the distria's vote. About three-fourths
of Cobb's residents are in the 6th; most of the rest of the county
is in the 7th. Voters in the 6th Distria part of Cobb gave George
Bush a decisive 55 percent in the 1992 presidential contest. That
year the entire distria went handily for GOP candidates Paul
Coverdell for the Senate and Newt Gingrich for the House.
Though it is well within Atlanta's orbit, Marietta (which is
divided between the 6th and 7th distrias) provides Cobb County
with its own population and commercial center. Marietta has a
thriving base of service-oriented small businesses (the city won
notice from The Wall Street Journal in 1989 as the nation's smallbusiness development capital), and Cobb County is headquarters
for a number of well-known larger concerns, including Sprint,
Home Depot and The Weather Channel. Many workers in the
district commute to jobs at the nearby Dobbins Air Reserve
Base and an adjoining Lockheed facility (which are both located
in the part of Marietta in the 7th Distria).
Marietta has three colleges—Kennesaw State College, Southern College of Technology and Life College (one of the largest
chiropraaic schools in the nation). An important local tourist
attraaion is the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield.
In the central part of the 6th are more GOP-leaning suburbs in
northern Fulton County. Two major towns here are Alpharetta
and Roswell. Alpharetta was once home to a number of large
^Jmns that have since been converted into suburban developments,
^ ^ f c v e l l used to be a cotton-milling center, but now is a booming
^ ^ ^ K o o m community with the sort of white-collar, managerial
types that seem ubiquitous in the Atlanta area. About one-fifth of
the distria's vote is cast in Fulton County, and this is where Bush
ran strongest in the 6th in 1992, taking 58 percent of the vote.
212
Gieorgia
Demographics
Population 587,118
Percent change from 1980 7.0%
Land area 586 square miles
Population per square mile 1,002
Counties, 1990 population
Cherokee (pt.) 53,198
Cobb(pt.) 312,072
DeKalb(pt.) 44,503
Fulton (pt.) 116,752
Gwinnett (pt.) 60,593
Cities, 1990 population (10,000 or more)
Alpharetta 13,002
Sandy Springs CDP (pt.)
Dunwoody CDP 26,302
15,885
Marietta (pt.) 16,761
Smyrna (pt.) 30,981
Roswell 47,923
Race and Hispanic origin
White 91.2%
Black 6.0%
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.2%
Asian or Pacific Islander 2.0%
Other 0.6%
Hispanic origin 2.1%
Ancestry
American 6.8%
Dutch 2.5%
English 22.7%
French 4.4%
German 23.3%
Irish 20.2%
Italian 4.5%
Polish 2.8%
Russian 1.5%
Scotch Irish 4.8%
Scottish 4.1%
Swedish 1.6%
Welsh 1.2%
�GEORGIA CLIPS
�G4
5t(ie Atlanta 3oumal
THE ATLxOTA CONSTITUTION
Tculay 's edilorial pages are edited by die sditiinjl board ci The Atlanta Constitution
Jobless system needs updating
The nation's unemployment safety net was
woven in an era when factory workers got laid
off — and called back — on a regular basis.
From the 1940s through the 70s, employees
became accustomed to the ebb and flow of the
business cycle. Every few years, orders would
dry up and companies would send workers
home. Eventually orders would build up and
employees would get recalled.
The unemployment system was intended to
help workers survive those brief periods of
idleness. But beginning in the late 1970s, the
nature of unemployment changed as more and
more workers were replaced by technology.
For example, many steelworkers who lost
their jobs in the early 1980s werereplacedby
computer-controlled continuous casters. When
the new equipment arrived, workers lost any
hope of drawing a paycheck in the industry.
Railroad workers, auto makers, loggers and
many other laid-off workers are finding that
the only way back into the work force is
through job retraining. Today, three out of four
jobless people are permanently laid off and
iced to reposition themselves in the workplace.
rnfortunately, the existing unemployment
system doesn't offer much help. Programs
exist to help with job training, but they are not
pulled together in a coherent way. The Clinton
administration hopes to streamline and update
the system with the Re-Employment Act of
1994.
The bill is intended to create an interlocking
system of job-search services, counseling and
training. The plan would merge six federal
training programs to create a sort of one-stop
shopping center for the unemployed.
Those who have no chance of being recalled
by former employers would be assigned to job
counselors to search for a new career. The centers would help confused workers sort out their
options, obtain unemployment benefits, get
training and begin searching for a job.
Although the program would cost about $3.4
billion a year when fully implemented, the
administration says it could lower the cost of
existing programs by that same amount by
eliminating duplication and inefficiency. In
other words, by streamlining the system, we
would get more help to more people without
spending more money.
The existing unemployment system is
expensive and out of date. Although Congress
already has a busy calendar this year, it should
make room for this important piece of
legislation.
�31
icj^
T < AtUnti Jounm / T a Atlama Constitution
h
h
^-3
B SN S I BRIEF
UI ES N
Clinton unveils plan to aid the jobless
President CUnton asked Congress on Wednesday to replace the
"crazy quilt of separate programi" that serve the
unemployed with one-stop career centers offering counseling, job placement and training.
Clinton urged Congress to spend $13 billion
over five years to consolidate more than ISO federal jobs programs that are operated by 24 agencies. Extended jobless benefits — up to 18
months — would be provided for displaced workers learning new skills.
The legUlanon also would allow community President
colleges and other groups to compete with gov- Clinton
emment-run programs for federal funds to retrain workers.
�SheAtlanta journal
COVERS
DIXIE
LIKE
THE DET
Sine*
53
If
<
5
u
U3
=3
*
Trying to find new jobs
when old ones disappear
-3
<
o«
S
c 1 t
*
^
_ i -r 3
lis
It o | l
z a.
l i.?
o ^. ^
imon
2
BEING OUT OF WORK FOR WEEKS, or months, is a terrifying
experience. How about the prospect of being out of work forever'
Tbat specter haunts a lot of people in a lot of industries that are,
in the euphemism of the day, "downsizing." Defensefirms,once
flash and bloated auto companies, formerly high-flying high-tech
outfits brought low by competition — in all these fields, workers are
saying goodbye to jobs that will probably never be refilled.
It's just that sort of problem that President Clinton seeks to attack with his proposed revamp of America's unemployment compensation and job training systems. He wants to pull together all the
fragmented and duplicative training agencies, create programs that
retrain worken for jobs that will exist, and use unemployment funds
tofceep them fed and housed while they're learning new skills.
-Ifs probably too much to hope that all the waste and duplication
can-be gotten out of this portion of government, or any other, but it is
de&piteiy worth a try. The current approach of scattershot progt^ins dearly isnt doing much to provide jobs for anybody but the
buretucnts who run them.
We might point out that it's not just displaced worken from dechiung industries who need more concentrated, directed belp. As we
move into the so-called "information age." low-skill work of all
Wads is disappearing. When folks lose those jobs, you'd have to keep
them on unemployment for the rest of their lives if you don 't retrain
them for positions on the next rung of the work ladder.
The White House says the costs of this revamped and improved
system — about S13 billion dunng the next five yean — could be absorbed through efficiency gains and reshuffling of Labor Department funds. We hope that's so. because there's certainly no extra
money lying around in the federal budget It's a worthwhile investment, however, if it can be made to work, because people with jobs
pat money back into that budget instead of taking it out.
�Albany, N.Y.. Wedne.day, March 9,1994
TIMES UNION'
A-6
1 -stop career centers
a feature of jobs bill
Ntw York TVPM
administration calls th* "Re-emWASHINGTON - President ployment Act," proKramn for workers
Clinton will announce a new jobs bill di>t)lttced by apecitk uhanKes in the.'
today that would mark a shift in eciinomy — by downsizing in the*
government emphutafromprovid- military industry, for example, or by
ing temporaryrelieffor laid-off employeea to trying to meet the needs of the effects of lhe North American
worken whoa* joba will not reap- Free Trade Agreement — would be,
pear, even in an improving economy. combined into a single, broader pro- 1
gram for laid-off worker*.
The proposal would focus on re- Under the admiiustntion's planj ,
training and job placement for the worken in certain retrai rung pre-i
unemployed by establishing one- grama, like nursing school, which
stop career center*, financed by fed- require long periods of study yet offer..
eral and stata funds, that White graduate* areasonablechance' of .
House and Labor Department offi- stable employroeot, could get financials say would provide an array of cial aid for aa long as two years.
counseling services, from infonnaOther element* of tha proposal
tion on resume writing to asaistance include a computerized national jobs.
in obtaining unemployment bene- bank to help th* unemployed identifits.
fy what work is available, and where,
. The proposed legislation, which and personal assistance in the deLabor Secretary Robert Reich has tails of job searchea, like how to how
been promoting in speeches and to dreaa for ao interview. Relief
privateroeetinparound the nation, services for the unemployed would
!
has been billed aa one of the admin- continue.
iKtration'c major initiative*.
, The President will announce the
It would coat about $13 billion new plan the week before a conCtrovwfiveyean, but Labor Depart- ence on worldwide unemployment
mmt officials aaid almost all tha he called last year. The conference,
mooay for tha retraining and job which convenes in Detroit on Mooplacement programs would come day, will bring together labor specialfiom margbg programa for displaced isufromaround th* world for twq
workers and from shifting funds day* of meetings in which particiwithin the Labor Department budg- pants will study labor markets,
changing technologiea and world unet.
Under the proposal, which the employment problems.
�Labor Department
Regional News Clips
OPPICB OP INPORMATIori
AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
REGION IV—ATLANTA
TUESDAY, MARCH 3, 199 4
The Atlanta Journal / T e Atlanta Constitution
h
B S ES I B I F
U I S N RE
N
Unemployment system changes urged
President Clinton will propose a $13 billion plan to remake the
nation's unemployment system Wednesday, including long-term
jobless benefits for workers in training.
Clinton's Workforce Security Ac^ which he will outline during
a White Houselmefing, will allow community colleges and other
local groups to compete with government-run programs for federal dollars to retrain dislocated workers, said Dougfloss,assistant
secretary of labor for employment and training.
One objective of the plan will be early identification of those
unlikely to get their old jobs back. They could get referrals to counseling and retraining programs, information on where new jobs
can be found, and job-search assistance.
DISTRIBUTION
ROOM:
ROOM:
DELORES CROCKETT/WB.323
BLANTON/OASAM . .140
"BILL BOLLS/VETS
326
.
[OWARD MARSH/PWBA. .205
TTOW
WILLIAM BERGER/SOL. .339
. .231
JACK KBAH/OIG
DAN LOWRY/ETA
400
"ROBERT WALLACE/OIG . .240
MELVIN COLLINS/JC...405
JULIAN PALMER/BAT. . .200
01365 BUILDING
*1375 BUILDING
ROOM:
JANET RANKIN/BLS...500
"BARBARA KELLY/SR...62 4
"RON LEHMAN/OLMfl. . .(§600
"DAVIS LAYNE/OSHA..*587
"HAP PBRRY/WHD
*662
"CAROL GAUDIN/OFCCP*678
�HAWAII
�Through March 31, 1994
Program Year 1993 T i t l e I I I Discretionary Grant Awards
( J u l y 1, 1993 - June 30, 1994)
STATE: HAWAII
Number to be
Served
Location &
Cong. D i s trict
Situation
150
H o n o l u l u County
CDs 1 & 2
364 workers d i s l o c a t e d due t o
the closure of
t h e Oahu sugar
cane c u l t i v a t i o n
and m i l l i n g operation.
$250,000
140
Hawaii County
CD 2
277 workers d i s located by mass
l a y o f f s a t the
resort.
$811,580
290
Date
Sec.
Approval
P r o j e c t or
Company
Funding
12/17/93
Amfac/JMB
Hawaii, I n c .
— Oahu Sugar
Company
$561,580
3/11/94
Hyatt Regency
Waikoloa Resort
State Totals
�MINK - 2nd CD
ED & LABOR
�REA Congressional Committee
Summary Sheet
Rep. Patsy Mink (D-2 HI)
2135-RHOB
202/225-4906
Committee:
Education & Labor
Legislative History:
DOL support percentage- 88%
(X- indicates voted with DOL position)
X
*School-to-Work
X
*Goals 2000
X
Budget Resolution Adoption
X
Stimulus Package
X
Budget Reconciliation
Electoral Information:
1992 Percent of VoteLabor $ as % of total contribs.
EUC #4
Strikebreaker Vote
NAFTA
EUC #5
Penny-Kasich
X
X
X
X
73%
22%
Other Information Acquired and Available:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Counties/Cities within CD's
Counties/Cities with above average unemployment rates (highlighted in yellow)
REA related newspaper articles and editorials organized by state
Community and Technical Colleges by CD
1993 Title III Discretionary Grant awards by state and CD
Racial/Ethnic make up of district
Major media in district
Major employers by CD
Pro-NAFTA Businesses by State and CD
Businesses supporting REA (highlighted in green)
Major layoffs by state (partial)
vote not calculated when determining support percentage
�* DSA*NAFTA MEMBER
HAWAII
MAJOR EMPLOYERS BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
NEIL ABERCROMBIE (D-1ST-HAWAII)
* AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELG CO
* BANKAMERICA CORPORATION
* GANNETT CO INC DE
* ITT CORPORATION
* J C PENNEY COMPANY INC
* MARRIOTT CORPORATION
* MORRISON KNUDSEN CORP DEL CORP
* SEARS ROEBUCK AND CO
* UAL CORPORATION
OTHER USA*NAFTA MEMBERS:
D W O INTERNATIONAL, INC.
ASN
PACIFIC BASIN ECONOMIC COUNCIL
2 00
600
932
313 0
685
350
600
2445
200
PATSY MINK (D-2ND-HAWAII)
* CHEVRON CORPORATION
215
�Patsy T. Mink
J
D-Hawaii, 2nd District
Began Service: 1965-77, 1990
2135 Raybum House
Office Building
Washington, D C 20515-1102
(202) 225.-4906
F A X : (202) 225-4987
BIOGRAPHICAL Bom: 12/6/27 • Home: Honolulu
• Educ: B.A., U. of Hawaii; J.D., U. of Chicago • Prof.:
Attorney
KEY STAFF AIDES
Name/Position
Legislative Responsibility
Helen E. Lewis
OfTice Mgr./
Scheduler
Joan Manke
Staff Dir.
(808-541-1986)
Laura Efurd
Legis. Dir./Press
Russell Kudo
Case Analyst
Reist
esp. Dir.
Iris Arakawa
Legal Researcher
Byron Mau
Staff Asst.
COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS
Budget: No subcommittees
Education and Labor: Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational
Education •Labor-Management Relations • Postsecondary Education and Training
Natural Resources: National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands
OTHER POSITIONS
Democratic Steering and Policy Committee • Democratic Study
Group • Congressional Human Rights Caucus • Congressional
Caucus for Women's Issues, Executive Committee • Congressional Travel and Tourism Caucus • Rural Health Care Coalition • Environmental and Energy Study Conference
DISTRICT OFFICES
5104 Prince Kuhio Federal Bldg.
300 Ala Moana Blvd., P.O. Box 50124
Honolulu, HI 96850
(808) 541-1986
© Congressional
�368
HAWAII
HAWAII
Election Results
1992 general
1992 primary
1990 general
Neil Abercrombie (D)
Warner C. Sutton (R)
Rockne Hart Johnson (LIB)
Neil Abercrombie (D), unopposed
Neil Abercrombie (D)
Mike Liu (R)
129,332
41,575
6.569
(73%)
(23%)
(4%)
<"59,6g
(516,103)
97.622
62.982
(60%)
(39%)
($442,2,1)
<S267,8 j
n
1 9 Presidential Vote
92
| ,on(D)
Lh(R)
; o.(l).
r in
er
82
Hep. Patsy T. Mink (D)
- •"•""^'^^^M^^MHIH
l^'^flj^^^^^HI!?
91,646 (49%)
M.640 (34%)
29,561 (16%)
E l e c t e d
1988 Presidential Vote
Dukakis (D)
Bush(R)
369
93,062 (55%)
75,264 (45%)
, 9 9 0
SeP' <
: b. Dec. 6, 1927. Paia, Maui; home. Honolulu:
U. of HI, B.A. 1948, U. of Chicago, J.D. 1951: Protestant; married
f ^ ' f ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B f l (John
Career Practicing atty., 1953-64, 1987-90; HI House of Reps.,
1957-59; HI Senate, 1959, 1963-64; U.S. House of Reps., 196577; U.S. Asst. Secy, of State for Oceans and Intl. Environment and
Scientific Affairs, 1977-78; Pres., Americans for Democratic Action, 1978-81; Honolulu City Cncl., 1983-87.
SECOND DISTRICT
The 2d District of Hawaii includes not only the Neighbor Islands but most of Oahu's acreage
except for Honolulu. It has Wheeler Air Force Base, still looking much as it did in December
1941, and the farmlands north of Pearl Harbor, between two jagged chains of mountains that lift
the island out of the sea. Over the mountains to the west is the Leeward Coast—calm, sultry and
lightly populated; over the mountains to the northeast is the Windward Coast—windy, as hi
name implies—with many prosperous and Republican subdivisions in and around Kaneoheand
Kailua. The Neighbor Islands have distinct personalities. Hawaii, the Big Island, is large enough
to boast huge cattle ranches, the active volcano of Kilauea and Mauna Kea, the highest
mountain in the world if you count from its base far under the ocean to the peak, rising in a slow
slant from Hiloor the Kona (western) Coast. On the north shore, with heavy rainfall and tropical
foliage, is the old port of Hilo and Hawaii's macadamia nut industry; this is a blue-collar
Democratic area. On the Kona Coast, where there is little rainfall and the landscape is
dominated by lava flows, there are retirement condominiums and a higher-income, more
Republican population. Maui in recent years has been the fastest-developing island, with dozens
of luxury condominiums and vast upscale resorts. Kauai, much of which was devastated b
y
Hurricane Iniki in 1991, is the least-developed and most agricultural of the main islands; parts of
it have the nation's highest rainfall, while others seldom get wet. Its large farm work force makes
it the most Democratic of the islands.
The 2d District is represented by Patsy Mink, still exuberant and enthusiastically liberal after
a long congressional career: she was first elected here in 1964, gave up the seat to run
unsuccessfully for the Senate in 1976, then won it again in 1990 after incumbent Daniel Akaka
was appointed to the Senate. Mink's support of feminist causes goes back to the days when they
were considered laughable rather than fashionable, and she is still looking to batter down
barriers to women's advancement. She continues to defend affirmative action programs which
many consider quotas, even when they work against Asian-Americans. In early 1993, she turned
down a Government Operations subcommittee chair for a seat on the Budget Committee, the
better to affect major policy decisions.
Mink has had her political setbacks: she lost the 1976 Senate primary to Spark Matsunaga,
and lost races for governor in 1986 and mayor of Honolulu in 1988. In the 1990 special election
to fill the 2d District vacancy, she was attacked as an old-fashioned liberal by Mufi Hannemann.
who beat Abercrombie in the 1986 1st District primary. But she edged Hannemann 37%-36%i'
the race for the short term and 40%-37% for the nomination to the full term. The general
election and 1992 contests she won easily.
Offices: 2135 RHOB 20515, 202-225-4906. Also 5104 Prince
Kuhio Fed. Bldg., RO. Box 50124, Honolulu 96850, 808-541-1966.
Committees: Budget (21 st of 26 D). Education and Labor (12th
of 28 D): Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education; LaborManagement Relations; Postsecondary Education and Training.
Hatural Resources (24th of 28 D): National Parks, Forests and
Public Lands.
Croup Ratings
19
92
19
91
ADA
100
100
CDF
90
100
CFA
100
100
LCV
100
92
National Journal Ratings
1991 LIB - 1991 CONS
Economic
88% —
0%
Social
88% —
0%
Foreign
Ky Votes of the 102d Congress
e
1 Ban Striker Replace FOR
2 $ for Homeownership AGN
3 Tax Rich/Cut Mid Cls. FOR
'•WS/SlSBDef.Cut FOR
1
E'Mtion Results
M2 general
|
9
" 2 primary
'"0 general
ACU NTLC
0
0
0
—
Patsy T. Mink (D)
Kamuela Price (R)
Lloyd (Jeff) Mallan (LIB)
Patsy T. Mink (D)
David L. Bourgoin (D)
Patsy T. Mink (D)
Andy Poepoe (R)
Other
NSI
30
—
COC
25
20
CEI
12
7
1992 LIB — 1992 CONS
—
13%
—
13%
—
14%
5. Handgun Waii/7-Day FOR
6. Overseas Mil. Abortion FOR
7. Obscn. Art NEA $ BanAGN
8. Death Pen. from Jury AGN
Ky Votes of the 103d Congress
e
Family Leave
FOR 2. Deficit Reduction
,
The People: Pop. 1990: 554,055; 22% rural; 10% age 65+; 35% White; 2% Black; 1% Amer. India*
57%^jian; 2% C>ther; 9%-Hispanic origin. Voting age pop.: 396,268; 2% Black; 7% Hispaak^nP"
H o ^ S ^ : 64% married couple families; 33% married couple fams. w. children; 48% cf
rm^^^Hisehold income: S37.247; per capita income: S14,032; median gross rent: S633;
valv^Pf9,700.
ACLU COPE
100
100
—
100
FOR
9. Use Force in Gulf AGN
10. US Mil. Abroad $ Cut FOR
11. Limit SDI Funds
FOR
12. Cuba Trade Embargo AGN
3. Stimulus Plan
131,454 (73%)
40,070 (22%)
9,431
(5%)
28,512 (82%)
6,063 (18%)
118,155 (66%)
54,625 (31%)
5,50J^^(3%)
FOR
($287,017)
($772)
($641,037)
($204,153)
�•."is-
Population per square mile 3,052
Counties, 1990 population
Honolulu (pt.) 554,119
Si 1990 population (10,000
liwaBeach CDP 14,315
HalawkCDP 13,408
Honolulu CDP 377,059
Mililani TJpwn CDP 29,359
or more)
Pearl City CDP 30,993
Waimalu CDP 29,967
Waipio CDP 11,812
Race and Hispanic origin
White 29.1
Black , 2.5%
American Ind:
Eskimo, or Aleut.
Asian or Pacific Islander 66.6%
Other 1.5*
Hispanic origin
Ancestry
Hnglish 5.9%
French 1.7%
German 8.5%
Irish 5.5%
Italian 1.7%
Polish 1.0%
Portuguese 3.2%
Scottish 1.1%
Universities/colleges, 1^00-1991 enrollment
Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu
Hawaii Pacific College, Honolulu 5,557
Honolulu Community College, Honolulu 4,292
ICapiolani Community College, Honolulu 5,467
leeward Community CoUege.y'earl City 5,439
University of Hawaii at Manoa\ Honolulu 18,810
University of Hawaii-West Oah\, Pearl City 652
spapers, total circulation (i i all districts)
wlula Advertiser-Star Bulletin 188,384
Commercial television stations, ai
ADI: Hawaii has none.
KBFD, Honolulu (None)
KGMB, Honolulu (CBS)
KHON-TV, Honolulu (NBC)
KJTV, Honolulu (ABC)
KOBN, Honolulu (None)
KWHE, Honolulu (None)
tations
CaWe television systems, total subscribers
Chronicle Cablevision; Hawaii Kai 7,145
Oceanic Cablevision; Honolulu 205,000
Military installations, 1991
Pearl Harbor Naval Station, Pearl Harbor
Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu 6,457
Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, Pearl Harbor 5,908
Pearl Harbor Naval Submarine Base, Pearl Harbor
Fort Shafter (Army), Honolulu 3,994
Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu 2,485
Camp H. M. Smith (Marine Corps), Honolulu 1,970
Fort Derussy (Army), Honolulu 738
Businesses and other major employers
City & County of Honolulu; Honolulu 7,700
jiiversity of Hawaii; Honolulu 4,538
o-Ya Co. Ltd.; Honolulu; hotel 3,400
5nk of Hawaii; Honolulu; commercial banks 3,293
State of Hawaii/Honolulu Police Dept.; Honolulu 3,000
The Queens Medical Center, Honolulu 2,595
c
224
Hawaii
First Hawaiian Bank; Honolulu; commercial banks 2,204
Hilton Hotels Corp./Hilton Hawaiian Village Hotel; Honolulu; hotel 2,150
Kaiser Foundation Hospital; Honolulu 2,000
Hawaiian Elearic Industries; Honolulu; elearic services 1,925
Strkib Clinic & Hospital Inc.; Honolulu 1,800
Concjnental Airlines Inc.; Honolulu; airline 1,700
U.S. Coast Guard/l4th Coast Guard District; Honolulu 1,700
St. Francis Hospital & Medical Center; Honolulu 1,612
Liberty House Inc.; Honolulu; department stores 1,500
Kuakini Medical Center; Honolulu 1,395
Kapiolani Wfedical Center; Honolulu 1,390
Sheraton Corf^./Sheraton Hotels in Hawaii; Honolulu; hotel
1,300
Hyatt Corp./Hykt Regency Waikiki; Honolulu; hotel 1,230
Sears Roebuck &V:o.; Honolulu; department stores 1,200
K M Hawaii Inc./Hyatt Regency Maui Hotel; Honolulu;
hotel 1,200
Hawaii Medical Service Assn.; Honolulu; medical
service/health insurihce 1,050
Kaukani Corp./Westin Maui; Honolulu; hotel 850
Halekulani Hotel; HonolW hotel 750
Bernice P. Bishop Estate TVust; Honolulu; real estate oper
ators 715
Gannett Pacific Corp./Honolulu Star-Bulletin; Honolulu;
newspapers 700
MTL Inc.; Honolulu; transportation 700
Safeway Inc.; Honolulu; grocery Vores 700
Kaiser Foundation Hospitals; Honolulu 700
Board of Water Supply; Honolulu
HonFed Bank; Honolulu; savings institutions 637
Oahu Community Correctional Center\Honolulu 610
Dole Food Co. Inc./Castle & Cooke Properties; Honolulu;
subdividers/developers 600
ITT Sheraton Corp./Sheraton Moana Surfr^ler Hotel; Honolulu; hotel 600
Azabu USA Corp./Ala Moana Hotel; Honolulu; hotel 600
Na Kahu Malama Nurses Inc.; Honolulu; personnel supply
services 600
Hawaiian Building Maintenance Co. Ltd.; Honoluft^ building
services/maintenance 590
WKH Corp./Kahala Hilton Hotel; Honolulu; hotel
Jowa Hawaii Co. Ltd./Ilikai Hotel; Honolulu; hotel 5
Personnel Pool of Hawaii Inc./Medical Personnel Pool;
Honolulu; personnel supply services 550
Sheraton Management Corp./Royal Hawaiian Hotel; Hono
lulu; hotel 530
Security Pacific Financial System Inc.; Honolulu; credit institutions 514
2nd District
Suburban and Outer Oahu — "Neighbor Islands"
The heavily Democratic 2nd takes in seven major "neighbor
islands," plus hundreds of reefs and atolls. But more than half
the people in the 2nd live on Oahu. Although it has a racial and
ethnic patchwork similar to that in the 1st Distria, the 2nd has a
somewhat higher proportion of white residents (more than onethird of the population is white). There are some predominantly
white, conservative-leaning communities, mostly on Oahu and
Maui, that regularly vote Republican.
�But these areas barely dent Democrats' dominance of the
2nd. In 1992 the Democrats won the House seat with better than
a 3-to-l margin; Bill Clinton took 49 percent and bested George
Bush by more than 14 percentage points.
Hilo, on the "Big Island" of Hawaii, is the distria's largest
city with nearly 38,000 people; but the Oahu cities of Kailua and
Kaneohe are very close behind. Kailua, on Oahu's eastern side, is
one of the few majority-white cities in Hawaii. The Asian and
Pacific Islander majority of neighboring Kaneohe is more typical
of Hawaii's ethnic mix. Across the island at the edge of Pearl
Harbor, working-class Waipahu is more than 80 percent Asian or
Pacific Islander.
Oahu's numerous military installations are central to the life
and economy of the 2nd. However, one facility, the Barber's
Point Naval Air Station, showed up on the 1993 base closure list.
Away from Honolulu, population on Oahu thins, and tourist
outposts are more dispersed. Laie is a Mormon enclave that
includes a campus of Brigham Young University. Oahu's north
coast is famous for its surfing. The side of the island has many
native Hawaiians.
The spacious island of Hawaii saw its population expand by
nearly a third during the 1980s. Much of the growth was on the
scenic Kona coast. The city of Hilo is a commercial center on
the rainy eastern part of the Big Island; its attraaion to tourists is
its proximity to the active Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes
and extina Mauna Kea. Agricultural produas—including sugar,
macadamia nuts, flowers, cattle and coffee—make up a major
segment of the island's economy.
After Oahu, the island of Maui has the state's most developed
tourism industry. Maui County has three other islands, including
Lanai, a longtime pineapple plantation, much of which is being
converted into a tourist resort; relatively undeveloped Molokai;
and deserted Kahoolawe, used from the late 1930s until 1990 as a
military bombing range.
Although Kauai has a large sugar industry, the island makes
much of its living from tourism. The coastal resorts and Kauai's
populace were staggered in September 1992, when Hurricane
Iniki scored a direct hit on the island. Kauai County includes the
island of Niihau, set aside by its patrician owners as a place
where native Hawaiians can maintain their traditional lifestyles;
access by outsiders is limited.
Election Returns
2nd District
Democrat
Republican
1992
President*
House f
91,630 (49.3%)
131,454 (72.6%)
64,635 (34.8%)
40,070 (22.1%)
1990
Senate %
Governor
96,471 (58.4%)
99,894 (62.3%)
68,846 (41.6%)
60,576 (37.7%)
1988
President
Senate
91,336 (55.3%)
120,239 (77.7%)
73,699 (44.7%)
34,447 (22.3%)
1986
Senate
Governor
109,681 (73.5%)
78,932 (52.0%)
39,525 (26.5%)
72,930 (48.0%)
'Vote for Perot was 29,558 {15.9% j.
^Independent / other is greater than } % .
^Special election for the remaining four years of the term of Spark At. Matsunaga who
died in April 1990.
Demographics
Population 554,110
Percent change from 1980 14.9%
Land area 6,242 square miles
Population per square mile 89
Counties, 1990 population
Hawaii 120,317
Honolulu (pt.) 282,112
Kalawao 130
Kauai 51,177
Maui 100,374
Cities, 1990 population (10,000 or more)
Hilo CDP 37,808
KiheiCDP 11,107
KahuluiCDP 16,889
Schofield Barracks CDP
Kailua CDP 36,818
19,597
Kaneohe CDP 35,448
WahiawaCDP 17,386
Kaneohe Station CDP
WailukuCDP 10,688
11,662
Waipahu CDP (pt.) 25,057
Race and Hispanic origin
White 37.6%
Black 2.4*
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. 0.696
Asian or Pacific Islander 57.196
Other 2.396
Hispanic origin 9-296
Ancestry
English 7.0%
French 2.296
German 10.1%
Irish 6.3%
Italian 2.2%
Polish 1.196
Portuguese 7.2%
Scottish 1.4%
Swedish 1.0%
Universities/colleges, 1990-1991 enrollment
Brigham Young University Hawaii, Laie 2,119
Hawaii Loa College, Kaneohe 556
Kauai Community College, Lihue 1,231
Maui Community College, Kahului 1,995
University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo 3,634
Windward Community College, Kaneohe 1,555
Newspapers, total circulation (in all districts)
Hilo Tribune Herald 20,065
Honolulu Advertiser-Star Bulletin 188,384
Lihue Garden Island 7,205
Maui News 17,551
West Hawaii Today 11,234
Commercial television stations, affiliations
A D I : Hawaii has none.
K G M D - T V , Hilo (CBS)
K H A W - T V , Hilo (NBC)
KHBC-TV, Hilo (None)
K H V O , Hilo (ABC)
KFVE, Honolulu (None)
K H A I - T V , Honolulu (None)
KLEI, Kailua-Kona (None)
KAII-TV, Wailuku (NBC)
KGMV, Wailuku (CBS)
KMAU, Wailuku (ABC)
KOGG, Wailuku (None)
Cable television systems, total subscribers
Chronicle Cablevision; Mt. Haleaka 15,418
Garden Isle Cablevision; Kalaheo 5,900
Jones Spacelink; Hilo: 15,000
Kauai Cablevision; Kukuiolono 8,930
Hawaii
225
�Oceanic Cablevision; Honolulu 205,000
Sun Cablevision; Kailua Kona 12,800
Military installations, 1991
)field Barracks Military Reserve (Army), Wahiawa 15,517
leohe Bay Marine Corps Air Station, Kailua 10,254
>ers Point Naval Air Station, Barbers Point 4,906
•
Lualualei Naval Magazine, Lualualei 1,235
EPAC Naval Communications Master Station, Wahiawa
1,090.
Kokee Air Force Station, Kekaha 37
Businesses and other major employers
Hyatt Corp./Hyatt Regency Waikoloa; Kamuela; hotel 2,200
Leeward School Distrio; Waipahu 2,000
K M Hawaii Inc./Hyatt Regency Maui Hotel; Lahaina; hotel
1,200
Polynesian Cultural Center; Laie; cultural/amusement park
1,000
Azabu USA Corp./Maui Marriott Hotel; Lahaina; hotel 850
Castle Medical Center; Kailua 800
Seibu Railroad Co. Inc./Mauna Kea Beach Hotel; Kailua;
hotel 800
'26 Hawaii
Hamakua Sugar Co. Inc./Big Island Meat-Div.; Paauilo; field
crops 740
Nabisco Brands Inc./Del Monte Corp.; Kunia; fruit/nuts 700
Lani Mauna Bay Hotel Inc.; Kamuela; hotel 685
State of Hawaii/Education Dept.; Lihue 654
State of Hawaii/Palm Tree; Hilo 650
C. Brewer & Co. Ltd.; Pepeekeo; field crops 600
East Kauai Water Co.; Lihue; water supply 600
Wailea Beach Palace Co./Four Seasons Resort; Kihei; hotel
600
University of Hawaii; Hilo 570
Stouffer Corp./Waiohai Beach Resort; Koloa; hotel 554
Hilton Hotels Corp./Turtle Bay Hilton & Country Club;
Kahuku; hotel 551
Dole Food Co. Inc./Waialua Sugar Co.; Waialua; field crops
550
Lanai Resort Partners/Manele Bay Resort; Lanai City; hotel
550
Kau Agribusiness Co. Inc.; Pahala; fruit/nuts 545
Pleasant Travel Service/Royal Lahaina Resort; Lahaina; hotel
520
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Michael Waldman
Description
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<p>Michael Waldman was Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1995-1999. His responsibilities were writing and editing nearly 2,000 speeches, which included four State of the Union speeches and two Inaugural Addresses. From 1993 -1995 he served as Special Assistant to the President for Policy Coordination.</p>
<p>The collection generally consists of copies of speeches and speech drafts, talking points, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, handwritten notes, articles, clippings, and presidential schedules. A large volume of this collection was for the State of the Union speeches. Many of the speech drafts are heavily annotated with additions or deletions. There are a lot of articles and clippings in this collection.</p>
<p>Due to the size of this collection it has been divided into two segments. Use links below for access to the individual segments:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+1">Segment One</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0469-F+Segment+2">Segment Two</a></p>
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Michael Waldman
Office of Speechwriting
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1993-1999
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2006-0469-F
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Segment One contains 1071 folders in 72 boxes.
Segment Two contains 868 folders in 66 boxes.
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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paper
Dublin Core
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[Reemployment Act] [Binder] [3]
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Office of Speechwriting
Michael Waldman
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Box 40
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36403"> Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7763296">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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2006-0469-F Segment 1
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White House Staff and Office Files
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7763296
42-t-7763296-20060469F-Seg1-040-011-2015