-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/b8152cfa779a2823b2467bc25dfb8fc7.pdf
019ff7028a42d3f7b541a58c1fd24136
PDF Text
Text
FOIA Number: 2006-0810-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
First Lady's Office
Series/Staff Member:
Melanne Verveer
Subseries:
Issue Binders
OA/ID Number:
18536
FolderlD:
Folder Title:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
60
1
6
1
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
001. schedule
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (1 page)
01/03/1994
P6/b(6)
002. schedule
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (1 page)
01/26/1994
P6/b(6)
003. schedule
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (4 pages)
01/27/1994
P6/b(6), b(7)(E)
004. schedule
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (5 pages)
01/28/1994
P6/b(6), b(7XE)
005. schedule
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final-Revised [partial] (1 page)
002/02/1994
P6/b(6)
006. briefing paper U.S.-France Cooperation (2 pages)
n.d.
Pl/b(l), P5
007. briefing paper AIDS in France (2 pages)
n.d.
Pl/b(l), P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number: 18536
FOLDER TITLE :
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA|
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA|
Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAj
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAj
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�HRC
HEALTHCARE
BOOK #6
�Health: Health Care Reform
Objective:
To continue to advocate for universal health coverage.
Accomplishments::
Leadership in national health reform
Chaired President's Task Force on Health Care Reform (1993-94)
Testified before 5 House and Senate committees (10/93)
Numerous events & speeches across country
#
Continued efforts to take steps to reform health system
Prescription Drug Event on the Hill (11/9/99)
Event on Medicare and Women with POTUS (7/27/99)
Participated in the White House Mental Health Conference (6/7/99)
Keynote and Public Service Award Recipient at John F. English Symposium on Health Care,
Hofstra University (4/20/99)
Participated in opehing of new medical center at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago
(4/14/99)
Long-Term Care Event with POTUS (1/4/99)
Promoted Admiriistfation's Patients' Bill of Rights proposal (1998)
Keynote Address at Commonwealth Fund's First International Symposium on Health Policy
(10/21/98) ^
Participated in Gore Family Conference on Health Care, with particular focus on prevention
(6/22/98)
Harvard Medical School Commencement speech (6/5/98)
Speech to American Nurse Association
Supported the bill to extend hospital stays for mastectomy patients at White House event
(2/12/97), iii speeches, and at other events
Advocated for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (Kennedy-Kassebaum) in
speeches, column (2/11/96), meetings and events; Legislation passed 8/96
Supported bill to extend hospital stays for new mothers in speeches, books, columns (10/1/95),
meetings and events; Legislation passed (9/96)
Fought for nurse education training and reimbursement (1993-94)
Columns: ADA (7/28/99), Mental Health Conference (6/9/99), Long-Term Care (1/6/99),
Medicare Preiscriptidh Drug Coverage (2/9/2000)
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�0
Health: AIDS
Objective:
To continue to support tb Administration's goals to prevent and cure AIDS, and to maintain
particular focus on AIDS among women and children.
Accomplishments:
Leadership on Pediatric AIDS
•
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Scientists' Awards Ceremony (1/28/99)
•
Leadership rble in issuing regulations on testing and labeling of drugs for pediatric use (8/97),
final rules published (11/27/98)
•
"Commitment to Children" Award from Pediatric AIDS Foundation (12/1/97)
•
Pediatric AIDS Foundation "Kids for Kids" eyent (1/96)
•
Launch of Pediatric AIDS Foundation's PSA campaign at White House (5/22/95)
•
Strong voice :in encouraging all pregnant women to get tested and treated for HTV to reduce
prenatal AID S transmission, leading to dramatic dechnes in rates of transmission and
reduction in number of pediatric AIDS cases
Keynote to World AIDS Day Symposium (12/1/99)
Convened meeting to explore strategies to better address international AIDS crisis (9/7/99)
Discussion on HIV and Women at Whitman-Walker Clinic with Madam Chirac (2/1/96)
Address to AIDS Conference (12/6/95)
Promoted increase in funding for AIDS research, prevention, housing and treatment
Columns: (9/8/99, 3/4/97,2/17/96)
§
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Asthma and Environmental Health
Objective:
To raise awareness about dramatic increase in asthma among children, and to improve prevention
and treatment.
-.^
Accomplishments:
Public events highlighting asthma problem
•
Asthma Screening at Draper Elementary School in Washington D.C. (5/4/99)
•
Asthma Budget Announcements with Secretary Shalala (1/28/99)
•
Event with Senator Boxer on children's environmental health and asthma (5/26/98)
•
Announcement of partnership among Sesame Street, NACCRRA, and American Lung
Association and of new initiatives by EPA to fight asthma (5/21/98)
•
Event launching New York City Asthma Initiative (12/11/97)
•
Column: Asthma and the Environment (6/10/98)
Support for Administration investment in asthma prevention and treatment
#
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Children's Health
#
Objective:
To continue to be a strong advocate for children's health issues, including expanding health
insurance coverage, protecting Medicaid, and ensuring support for children's hospitals.
Accomplishments:
Support for children' s hospitals
Delivered Hickman Lecture, Arkansas Children's Hospital (10/9/98)
Dedication of Hillary Rodham Clinton Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (3/3/98)
Circle of Care dinner for children's hospitals at White House (9/27/95)
Proceeds from ITAV to children's hospitals
Column: Medicaid and Children's Hospitals (8/5/97); Children's Hospitals Education &
Research Act (12/1/99)
Children's Health liiitiative
•
Signing of the Children's Hospitals Education & Research Act authorizing funds for children's
hospitals
•
Participated in CHIP outreach event with POTUS (2/23/99)
•
Met with children's hospitals to announce FY2000 proposal to cover children's health
specialists' education under Medicare (1/28/99)
•
Meeting with corporate sponsors and non-profit organizations to generate support for CHIP
media campaign (7/10/98)"
•
Participated in signing of Balanced Budget Act of 1997, including new Children's Health
Insurance Program (CHIP) (8/5/97)
•
Published op ed in The New York Times on implementation of CHIP (8/5/97)
•
National Governor's Association Speech (6/97)
•
Advocated for children's health insurance in numerous speeches, book, and columns (2/24/98,
8/5/97, 5/20/97)
1
Consumer Product Safety Event (5/12/00)
Meeting on the safe use of prescription drugs for children with behavioral and emotional
problems (3/20/2000), follow up column (3/22/2000)
Leadership on role in protecting Medicaid from cuts and block grants (1996)
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Disease Prevention and Research
Objective:
To focus attention oh diseases affecting many Americans and support an aggressive research
agenda.
Accomplishments:
f
Dedicated Rush Epilepsy Center in Chicago (1/13/99)
Attended CURE Dinner (1/13/99)
Spearheaded effort for Presidential proclamation for "Ovarian Cancer Awareness Week"
(9/14/98) %
Advocated for increased research budgets, leading to historic FY 1999 increase
Good Housekeeping and Today Show event announcing commitments to raise awareness about
colon cancer (9/10/98)
Advocated for arid won increased research fimding specified for epilepsy research (6/98)
Advocated for Medicare preventive benefits, including annual mammograms and screenings of
colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and osteoporosis (passed as part of Balanced Budget
Actof 1997) :
Columns: Epilepsy (1/13/99), Christopher Reeve- Paralysis Research (2/11/96)
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�i
#
Health: Food Safety
Objective:
To ensure that Amerieans eat the safest possible food through research, education, and
surveillance activities v Accomplishments:
Food Safety. Conference at Georgetown (6/13/98)
Column (7/1797)
:
;6: • • .-•'!
:
f
•^•'i.-v^:v: •
••y..:^'^- ••••
mm:
.3
Ml
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�§
Health: Gulf War Illness
Objective:
To respond to the health concems of Gulf War Veterans.
Accomplishments:
Special Gommittee report release and Committee completion (10/97)
Formal presentation of Committeefinalreport to the President (1/7/97) and announcement of
continuation of the Committee
Testimony to thefirstmeeting of Committee (8/14/95)
Instrumental: in establishing the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans
Illnesses, including memorandum to the President (2/10/95)
Internal and interagency meetings and discussions (1994-95)/ Report to President on Gulf War
health issues • '
Visits to VA and DOD hospitals, listening to veterans concems (1994)
Column: Special Committee Report (1/7/97)
#
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Immunizations
#
Objective:
To increase immunization rates among preschool children.
Accomplishments:
Promoted Vaccines Tor Children (VFC) program
•
Participated in announcement by President of highest immunization rate ever- 75% among
children Under 2- arid of year 2000 goals (4/10/96)
•
Launched Childhood Immunization Initiative (2/12/93) and secured passage of Vaccines for
Children (VFC) program (1993)
•
Visits to model imriiunization programs around the country
•
Column: Immunization (7/22/97)
Worked on regulations to ensure that children in federally funded child care settings are properly
immunized
' •- , : •
:
Strengthened connection of immunization programs to WIC
•
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Physical Fitness and Nutrition
Objective:
To promote physical fitness and good nutrition.
Accomplishments:
•
•
•
Launched Shape-Up America event at the White House (11/95)
Video to American Dietetic Association Conference
Leadership role in full funding of WIC
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�i
;
Health: Tobacco
Objective:
To ensure passage of corriprehensive tobacco legislation.
Accomplishments:
Support for comprehensive, national tobacco legislation
•
Advocated for reform through speeches
•
Meeting with tobacco advocates/ winners of Gleitsman Award, including Congressman Henry
Waxman and Dr. C. Everett Koop (6/9/98)
•
Column on Republican defeat of tobacco bill (6/24/98)
Columns: Teen Smoking (3/29/2000), Smoking (7/29/97, 7/16/96)
Campaigned for California's tobacco tax ballot initiative
f
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
�Health: Women's Health
Objective:
To continue to champion women's health issues.
Accomplishments:
Led Medicare Mammography campaign
Medicare Mammography Campaign PSA (9/23/99 & 10/2/97)
Participated in annual Medicare Mammography Campaign launch (1996-98)
Launch of Medicare Mammography Campaign (5/1/95)
Meetings with private sector partners
t
Leadership in promoting research and awareness
Oberstar Lecture (1/28/99)
Release of report on breast cancer advancements/ new announcements on research and
prevention (10/21/98)
Helped to safeguard existing DOD investment in breast cancer research and imaging technology
Dedication of breast cancer awareness stamp (7/29/98)
Taped PSA for Take Time to Care Campaign to raise women's awareness of the importance of
using medicine wisely (3/17/98)
National Breast Cancer Coalition Event (3/4/98)
Participated in Presidential radio address for Breast Cancer Awareness Month (10/97)
Visit to CIA to observe benefits of applying intelligence technology to breast cancer detection
(7/14/95) ^
Highlighted importance of proposal for no co-pay in Medicare Mammography annual benefit
(5/1/95)
Various columns (7/29/98,9/24/96,12/30/95,10/22/95)
For internal use only. Updated 6/1/00.
��FIRST L A D Y H I L L A R Y RODHAM CLINTON
Health Care Reform
1993-2000
1993
1/11
3/ 3
3/ 10
3/ 11
3/ 12
3/ 15
3/ 17
3/ 18
3/ 22
4/ 5
4/ 14
4/ 16
4/ 17
4/ 19
4/ 21
4/ 23
4/ 26
4/ 28
4/ 29
4/ 30
5/ 11
5/ 12
5/19
5/ 26
61 8
6/13
6/ 15
6/ 22
6/ 23
6/ 28
Health Care Meeting - White House
Working Meeting with Nurses
Governors' Health Care Meeting
Health Care Meeting with POTUS
Republican Senators Health Care Task Force Meeting
Private Health Care Meeting/Briefing for Tampa Trip
Private Meeting with Senator Rockefeller, etc.
Conversations on Health - Tampa, Florida
Conversations on Health - Des Moines, Iowa
Video on Health - White House
Indian Health Summit
Health Care Meeting - White House
Congressional Meetings with Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE)
Tour of St. John's Hospital - Detroit, Michigan
Conversations on Health - Dearborn, Michigan
Health Care Private Meeting - White House
Latina Health Care Meeting
Private Meeting with Senator Bob Keirey (D-NE) - Lincoln, Nebraska
Nebraska Health Care Hearing - National Challenges, Nebraska Solutions
Health Care Forum - Billings, Montana
Montana Citizens Health Group Forum - Great Falls, Montana
Health Care Political Meeting
Private Meeting with Senator Jay Rockefeller - White House
Private Meeting with Staff- White House
Walk through Health Care Task Force Meeting
Meeting with NGA Health Care Group and the President - White House
Congressional Health Care Dinner with the President - White House
Health Care Task Force Reception with the President - White House
Phone in to Citizens Meeting on Health Care - Durham, North Carolina
American College of Physicians Meeting - White House
Broadcast Event with Senator Rockefeller - West Virginia University
"Our hopes for Health Care Reform
Meeting with National Leadership Coalition for Health Care Reform
Bi-Partisan Meeting on BASICARE
Video for National League for Nursing Distinguished Leadership Award
Catholic Health Association, AARP, and American Academy of Pediatrics Mtgs.
American Medical Association Annual Meeting - Chicago, Illinois
Congressional Meetings
Staff Meetings - White House
Senate Reconciliation Meeting with Rockefeller, etc.
NUNN Health Care Event - CSIS - Dirksen Building, DC
American Academy of Pediatrics Meeting - White House
�6/ 30
11 1
11 2
1113
7/15
11 19
11 22
11 26
11 29
8/ 3
8/ 5
8/ 6
8/ 9
8/ 10
8/ 11
91 1
91 4
911
91 11
91 16
91 17
91 18
91 20
91 22
9/ 23
9/ 24
Ways and Means Sub-Committee on Health
Health Care Staff Meeting - White House
Preventive Health Meeting - White House
Private Meeting with Senator John Chafee - White House
Private Meeting with C. Everett Koop - White House
Drop By Health Care War Room - White House
Health Care Roundtable - Hawaii
Health Care Address to Townspeople of Hana - Maui
Drew University of Medicine and Science - Los Angeles, California
Hamra Rehabilitation Center - Little Rock, Arkansas
Meeting with Hospital Board
Remarks at Arkansas Children's Hospital
Health Care Meeting - White House
Senate Malpractice Focus Group
Health Care Discussion Meeting - White House
Health Care Media Meeting - White House
Health Care Meeting with POTUS - White House
Address to AHA - Orlando, Florida
Phone call to National Medical Association Convention
NAFTA/Health Meeting with POTUS - White House
Private Meetings with Rockefeller, Rostenkowski, etc.
Budget Bill Signing - White House
Private Meetings with Congresspeople - White House
Health Care Meeting - Roosevelt Room, White House
Health Care Meeting with POTUS - Cabinet Room, White House
Health Care Meeting - Map Room, White House
Meeting with American Health Care Association - OEOB, White House
Briefing - Federation of American Health Systems
Congressional Black Caucus Health Braintrust
Wellstone Event at Central Avenue Clinic - Minneapolis, MN
Carlson Lecture Series - Health Care Summit - University of Minnesota
Health Care Meeting with Senator Durenburger - Minneapolis, MN
Meeting with Mayo Clinic Officials - Rochester, MN
Satellite Link Up with Representatives of Broad Consituencies - MN
Academic Health Centers - Health Care University Practice - White House
Briefing for Health Care Working Groups - White house
Health Care Breakfast Reception with POTUS - White House
University Health Care Opening Session - Dirksen Building, DC
Bi-Partisan Leadership Meeting with POTUS - White House
Address to Joint Session of Congress - Washington DCMeeting with Health Care Speech Watch Party - White House
Multi Morning Show Tapings
Health Care Rally - South Lawn - White House
Congressional Meetings
Health Care Meeting - White House
�10/ 5
10/8
10/13
10/15
10/18
10/19
10/ 20
10/21
10/22
10/25
10/ 27
10/ 28
10/ 29
11/ 1
11/3
11/4
11/5
11/ 7
11/8
11/ 9
11/12
11/15
11/17
11/18
11/22
12/1
121 2
121 3
NAFTA Health Care Meeting - White House
Legislative Strategy Meeting - White House
Kent Nursing Home Health Care Event - Warwick, Rhode Island
Association of Retarded Citizens - Providence, Rl
Brown Medical School Brief Remarks
New England Speaks Satellite Link Up
Health Care Video Screening
Health Care Meeting
Satellite Feed with CA Association of Hospitals
Health Care Meetings - White House
National Breast Cancer Coalition Event
Address to Institute of Medicine - Washington DC
Holy Name Hospital
Mile Square Health Center Event - Chicago, IL
Health Care Lunch Discussion - Chicago, IL
Children's Memorial Medical Center
California Pacific Medical Center - San Francisco, CA
American Public Health Association - San Francisco, CA
Health Care Video
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Speech - Capitol Hill, DC
Health Care Event - Johns Hopkins University
Health Care Travel Meeting - White House
Truman Medical Center Meeting with Directors and Staff - Kansas City, MO
Meet and Greet with Congressional Delegation
Midwest Summit on Health Care
American Academy of Pediatrics - DC
Health Care Meeting
Health Care Event - Ambridge, PA
Remarks on Health Care at Marshall University in West Virginia
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Speech - Cornell University
American Association of Medical Colleges
Health Care Reporters Tea
Satellite Feed to American Dental Association's 134 Annual Meeting
Rainbow Babies Children's Hospital - Cleveland, Ohio
Presentations of Health Care Book/Speech - Ohio
Health Care Meeting - White House
Video - National Center for Health Education
National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare
Health Care Meeting
Health Care Forum and tour of Health Services - Atlanta, Georgia
World AIDS Day
Health Care Meeting
Tri - state Rural Health Care Fomm - New Hampshire
Health Care meeting - White House
th
�12/4
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/10
12/15
12/16
12/20
Health Care Reform Project - Washington DC
Health Care Strategy Meeting - Washington DC
New England Health Care Summit - Boston, MA
Coffee with Health Care Co-Sponsors and POTUS - White House
Health Care Meeting with the President
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Event with Supportive Physicians Groups - White House
Health Care Legislative Meeting - White House
�1994
1/3
1126
1/27
1/28
2/2
2/4
2/7
2/9
2/15
2/16
2117
2118
2/19
2/22
2/25
2/28
3/8
3/14
3/15
3/18
3/21
3/22
3/23
3/26
4/5
4/8
4/11
4/13
4/14
4/15
4/18
4/20
4/27
5/4
5/6
5/8
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Staff Meeting - White House
AIDS Project Los Angeles - Los Angeles, California
University Medical Center - Tour and Discussion - Las Vegas, NV
Health Care Forum with Sen. Harry Reid
Meeting with Make - A - Wish Child - White House
Photo and discussion with National Center for Health Education
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia - Philadelphia, PA
Health Care Forum with C. Everett Koop
Maine Forum on Health Care
Congressional Health Care Meeting - Washington, DC
Remarks on Health Care to the American Legion - Washington DC
Health Care Legislative Meeting
Health Care Speech to New Jersey Older Americans
National Institute of Health
Northern Great Plains Health Summit - Lennox, South Dakota
Alvemo College - Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Drop by Cabinet Health Care Meeting
Health Care Strategy Meeting with the President
Private Meeting with Sen. Paul Wellstone (D - MN)
King's Hospital Tour and Discussion - New York, NY
Cabinet Working Group Meeting - White House
Private Meeting with French Minister of Health - White House
University of Colorado at Boulder Health Care Reforni Remarks
Washington University - St. Louis, MO
Regional Press on Health Care
Health Care Forum with Seniors
Remarks on Health Care to United Auto Workers
Healthright event
Health Care providers event with POTUS
Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Live Radio Address - Dallas, Texas
Independent Living for Seniors - Webster, New York
Discussion on Rural Health Care - Muskogee, Oklahoma
Alzheimer's association public policy forum - Washington, DC
Health Care Meeting - White House
video - "achieving the dream: health care - healthy kids"
North General Hospital - Meetings with Hospital Administrators - Harlem, NY
Church Women United - Ethical Choices on Health Care - A Women's Fomm"
Health Care Town Meeting - Baltimore, MD
Health Care to the Communications Workers of America
Immunization week event with POTUS - White House
Health Care Briefing for Children's Action Network - Los Angeles, California
Healthright Event - Dirksen Building, Washington DC
Women's Health Care Event with POTUS - White House
George Washington University Commencement
�5/12
5/16
5/19
5/24
5/26
6/10
6/11
6/14
6/15
6/16
6/20
6/23
6/27
6/28
6/30
7/3
7/5
7/14
7/20
7/22
7/23
7/28
7/31
8/2
8/3
8/5
8/9
8/10
8/12
8/15
8/16
8/17
9119
9/20
9/23
9/25
9/28
9/29
Health Care Briefing for Doctors Groups - White House
Meet and Greet with 13 Physicians
Meeting with National Leadership Coalition for Health Care Reform - DC
Children's Health Care Event - White House
Health care update meeting - White House
Meeting with State Health Care Leaders - White House
Health Care Briefing with Women's Magazines - New York, NY
Drop by Alzheimer's Research Planning - Washington, DC
Health Care Update Meeting - White House
American Nurses Association - San Antonio, Texas
League of Women Voters - Washington, DC
Lehman Brothers Health Care Fomm - Washington DC Rural Health Care Conference Call
NBC Health Care Special
Health Care Allied Groups Meeting - Indian Treaty Room, OEOB
Healthright Event - Rayburn Building, Washington - DC
Private Meetings
Academic Health Leaders Event with POTUS - White House
Health Care Update Meeting with POTUS - White House
Small Business Universal Coverage Event with POTUS - White House
Drop By Health Care Information Center
- White House Health Care Information Center - Washington DC
Video for Children's Inn at National Institute of Health
National Education Association's Annual Convention - New Orleans, LA
Health Care Meeting with Senior Staff and Advisors - White House
Health Care Update Meeting with POTUS - White House
Healthright Event with Congress - Washington DC
Health Security Express Kick Off Rally - Portland, Oregon
Health Care Event with Sen. Patty Murray - Seattle, Washington
Daschle Meeting on Capitol Hill - Washington, DC
Health Security Express Rally - Boston, MA
Health Professionals for Universal Coverage Event with Cong. Gephardt
Health Security Express Event with POTUS - White House
Healthright Event with Ways and Means Committee
Meeting with Health Reporters - OEOB
Health Care Radio Interviews
CSPAN Taping: Conversations on Health - White House
Meeting with Leadership of Catholic Health Association - White House
Health Care at Families USA's Health Watch Event
Health Care Reform at the CDF/ Health Right Event
Fashion Targets Breast Cancer - White House
Mercy Health Coiporation Primaiy Care Initiative with Sen. Mezvinsky
Children's Hospital of Boston
Kids for Kids - Pediatric Aids Foundation
Visit to Georgetown University Medical Center with President Yeltsin
National Primaiy Care Day
�10/3
10/7
10/11
10/18
11/2
11/8
11/9
11/10
11/21
11/23
12/1
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/16
12/20
12/22
Health Care Party - OEOB
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Health Care Meeting - White House
The C. Everett Koop National Health Awards
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Tour and Roundtable Discussion - New York, NY
Video: "Meeting the Challenge: Health, Safety and Food for America"
Treasury Health Reception - Treasury Department, DC
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Groups Reception
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Meeting - White House
Health Care Meeting - White House
Immunization Luncheon - White House
Health Care Meeting - White House
Jackson Memorial Hospital Visit and Roundtable Discussion - Washington DC
Symposium on Children of the Americas - Health Breakout Session - Florida
Children's National Medical Center-Washington DC
Health Care Briefing with POTUS - White House
Health Care Meeting with POTUS and Cabinet - White House
�1995
1/13
1/18
1/19
1/22
1/30
2/1
2/6
2/16
2/22
3/2
3/23
4/7
4/27
5/1
5/17
5/18
5/19
5/22
6/27
7/11
9/5
9/30
10/10
10/21
1996
2/10
4/29
6/17
8/21
9/24
1997
1/7
2/21
2/24
3-4
8/5
Health Care Meeting - White House
Beth Israel Medical Center - Visit and Discussion - New York, NY
United Cerebral Palsy Telethon Taping and Dinner - New York, NY
Visit to St. Mary's Children's Hospital -New York, NY
Filming for HHS Video News Release - Senior Center - Palm Beach, FL
Drop By Briefing for Massachusetts Hospital Association - White House
Fannie Mae Women's Health Summit - Washington, DC
Sarasota Memorial Hospital Meeting with Administrators - Sarasota, Florida
Discussion with Veterans - DC VA Hospital - Washington, DC
Walter Reed Army Medical Unit Discussion and
Private Meeting with Health Care Professionals - Washington DC
Health Care Meeting - White House
Meeting at Delaney Residence - Westchester County, NY
World Health Day Event - Washington, DC
Health Care Meeting with POTUS - White House
Medicare Mammography Awareness Campaign Kick Off - White House
National Child Health Coiporation Council with Sen. Rockefeller - White House
Healthy Women 2000 Event - New York, NY
Video - New England's Health Care Fomm
Kick Off Event for the Pediatric AIDS Foundation PSA Campaign - White House
Americorps Health Fomm - Washington DC
Physician Meetings and Health Infonnation Consortium - White House
Colloquium on Women and Health Security - Beijing, China
Column on OB Express
Video - American International Health Alliance
Column on Breast Cancer
Column on Christopher Reeve and Health Care
Public Fomm on Shaping the Future of Not-For-Profit Health Care - DC
Briefing with Health Care Leaders - White House
Signing of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 White House
Column on Nina Hyde and Breast Cancer
Column on Gulf War Syndrome
Video - The World Health Organization Fifth Meeting of the Global commission
on Women's Health - White House
Children's Health Care Meeting with POTUS - White House
Pediatrics AIDS Dinner - Washington DC
Column on Elizabeth Glaser and AIDS
Column on the Balanced Budget of 1997
�1998
3/17
3/18
6/4
6/10
6/22
7/22
7/27
7/29
9/10
1027
1999
1 -4
1/13
1/22
1/28
2/3
2/7
2/8
2/23
2/24
4/20
4/22
5/4
6/7
6/9
6/17
7/27
7/28
8/23
9/8
9/23
10/13
10/14
11/24
12/1
2000
1/26
2/9
3/20
PSA - FDA Women's Health - Take Time to Care - Use Medicines Wisely
National Health Museum Reception with Dr. C. Everett Koop - Washington DC
Harvard Medical School's Commencement Address
Column on Asthma and the Environment
Family Reunion 7: Families and Health - Nashville, Tennessee
Column on Managed Care/Patients Bill of Rights
Remarks at a YWCA Battered Women's Shelter - Cincinnati, Ohio
Column on Cancer Research
Good Housekeeping Colon Cancer Prevention Event with Katie Couric
- White House
Seniors Event Health Care Discussion - New Rochelle, New York
Health Care Event with POTUS - White House
RUSH Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center - Chicago, Illinois
Column on Epilepsy
National Abortion Rights Action League's (NARAL) Anniversary Luncheon DC
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Awards - Washington, DC
Column on Budget FY 2000
Address to the NGO and Youth Fomm - The Hague, The Netherlands
Keynote Address to UN Population Forum - The Hague, The Netherlands
Children's Health Insurance Outreach Event with the President - White House
Column on Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Hofstra University's John F. English Health Care Symposium - New York, NY
Video - Kaiser Permanente's Women's Health Initiative Kick Off
Asthma Meeting and Event - Washington DC
Video - Launch of the World Health Organization 1999 Report
The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Conference
White House Conference on Mental Health - White House
Column on Mental Health Conference
Briefing with Health Care Leaders - White House
Remarks by the President and First Lady on Women and Medicare - White House
Column on Americans with Disabilities Act
Martha's Vineyard Hospital Event - Maltha's Vineyard, MA
Column on AIDS
Video - Recognizing Leaders in Women's Health Awards
Press Conference On Public Health Issues - Armonk, New York
Health Care Association of New York State - Bolton Landing, New York
Column on Budget Resolutions
Column on Child Healthcare and Children's Hospitals
Column on Tax Credit Initiatives
Column on Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage
Conference on Children with Emotional/Behavioral Conditions - White House
�Health & Health Reform Columns
9/30/95
OB Express
10/21/95
Breast Cancer
2110/96
Christopher Reeve/Healthcare
9/24/96
Nina Hyde Center/Breast Cancer
111191
Gulf War Syndrome
3/4/97
Elizabeth Glaser/AIDS
8/5/97
Balanced Budget 1997
7/22/98
Patient's Bill of Rights
7/29/98
Cancer Research
1/13/99
Epilepsy
2/3/99
Budget FY 2000
6/9/99
Mental Health Conference
7/28/99
American's with Disabilities Act
11 /24/99
Budget Resolutions
12/1/99
Child Healthcare/Children's Hospital
1 /26/00
Tax Credit Initiatives
2/9/00
Prescription Drug Affordability
Finished 7/18/00
Katie McCormick Lelyveld
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. schedule
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (1 page)
01/03/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number:
18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.C. 5S2(b)l
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute ((b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA|
National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
DATE: MONDAY, JANUARY 3, 1994
FINAL
Scheduling Desk:
Sara Grote
202-456-2922
202-456-2317
office
fax
5r^
, . , „ . '
,
. . -
f
.i
PREV RON
11:00 am12:00 pra
RON
n
^>.i '^.-v T""'if
1
J,
-V^ ' • • .•• v , ;
The White House
HEALTH. CARE MEETING
Cabinet Room
POOL SPRAY at beginning of meeting
The White House
��Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
002. schedule
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (1 page)
01/26/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number: 18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act -15 L.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIAj
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA|
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA)
Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRAj
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA)
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
DATE: WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 26, 1994
FINAL
Scheduling Desk:
J u l i e Hopper
202-456-7561
202-456-2317
;,••„••••>;
office
fax
'r,"«fo!w.
1,
'1
1"
i'*
PREV RONThe White House
8:45 am 9:00 am
BRIEFING [w/The President]
Oval O f f i c e
S t a f f Contact: Pat G r i f f i n
9:00 am 10:15 am
-EONGRESSIONALiMEETING
Roosevelt Room
CLOSED PRESS
[w/The P r e s i d e n t ]
S t a f f Contact: Pat G r i f f i n
10:30 am 10:35 am
PRIVATE MEETING
HRC's O f f i c e
CLOSED PRESS
Contact: Melanne Verveer
456-6266
10:45 am 11:00 am
PVT MTG w/Maggie Williams & P a t t i S o l i s
HRC's O f f i c e
11:00 am 11:15 am
PVT MTG w/Maggie Williams
HRC's O f f i c e
12:30 pm 12:45 pm
STAFF MEETING
OEOB Room 100, Conference Room
S t a f f Contact: Maggie W i l l i a m s
1:00 pm 2:00 pm
LUNCH
456-6266
�t
SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 26, 1994
PAGE 2
2:00 pm 2:05 pm
CALL-IN INTERVIEW
I n t e r v i e w w/Claudia Dowling
L i f e Magazine
S t a f f Contact: L i s a Caputo
2:15 pm 4:45 pm
OFFICE/PHONE TIME
4:45 pm 5:00 am
456-2960
HEALTH CARE STAFF MEETING
Room 450, OEOB
CLOSED PRESS
PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 75-100 expected t o a t t e n d
[See b r i e f i n g book f o r f u r t h e r i n f o ]
FORMAT:
- Mack McLarty i n t r o s I r a Magaziner
- I r a Magaziner i n t r o s H a r o l d Ickes
- H a r o l d Ickes i n t r o s George Stephanopoulos
- George Stephanopoulos i n t r o s Pat G r i f f i n
- Pat G r i f f i n i n t r o s Greg Lawlar
- HRC g i v e s c l o s i n g remarks
S t a f f Contact: Janice E n r i g h t
456-2459
NOTE: T h i s meeting i s scheduled from 4:00 - 5:00 pm.
RON
The White
House
WEATHER FORECAST FOR WASHINGTON, DC:
-- Mix o f r a i n , s l e e t & snow, ending l a t e i n t h e day.
temps i n t h e low 30's and maximum temp around 40.
Minimum
�ljz7/<?M /WPS L-A.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
003. schedule
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (4 pages)
01/27/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6), b(7)(E)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number:
18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Refonn [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office 1(a)(2) of the PRA]
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
DATE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
FINAL
Travelling
VIP's
Staff:
K e l l y Craighead
L i s a Caputo
Melanne Verveer
Barbara Kinney
John Emerson
Travelling:
(b)(6)
••'•"Viv: -".'^r
[WDC - LA ONLY]
K r i s t i n e Gebbie
[WDC - LA ONLY]
John Guerola - Gebbie S t a f f e r [WDC - LA ONLY]
Dr. P h i l Lee - HHS
[WDC - LA ONLY]
Los Angeles, CA
Lead Advance
Mort Engleberg
~—J
• j • ; .'.
:
' ^ (b)(6)
1
' ^(.V
;
\.
Radisson Hollywood R o o s e v e l t Hotel
213/466-7000
phone
213/462-8052
fax
Room 500 & 501
S t a f f Room
LA STAFF RON
L a s Vegas, NV
Lead Advance
i
Mark Sump
R a l l y ' s R e s o r t & Casino
702/739-4591
phone
70?/73?-44n5
fax
'(b)(6)
S c h e d u l i n g Desk:
J u l i e Hopper
202-456-7561
202-456-2317
office
fax
' . (b)(6)
PREV RONThe W h i t e House
9:00 am
••
DEPART The White House South P o r t i c o
EN ROUTE Andrews A i r Force Base
T r a v e l l i n g w/HRC:
- K e l l y Craighead
- L i s a Caputo
- Melanne V e r v e e r
- Barbara Kinney
- John Emerson
^ •.., i
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 2
9:25 am
ARRIVE Andrews A i r Force Base
9:30 am [EDT]
WHEELS UP Washington, DC
F l i g h t Time: 5 hours & 40 minutes
(-3)
M a n i f e s t : HRC, Craighead, Caputo, V e r v e e r , Kinney, Emerson,
K r i s t i n e Gebbie, John Guerola, P h i l Lee, ;
•
; t- ^ j( j - c / . . I - . ]
o.;,'
Food: B r e a k f a s t & Lunch
(b
7
e
NOTE: K r i s t i n e Gebbie, John G u e r o l a , & P h i l Lee w i l l n o t be
t r a v e l l i n g w i t h us d u r i n g t h e day. They have made a r r a n g e m e n t s
t o be p i c k e d up a t M e r c u r y A v i a t i o n .
12:10 pm [PDT] WHEELS DOWN Los Angeles, CA [LAX]
FBO: Mercury A v i a t i o n
7000 World Way West
Phone: 310/215-5745
Fax:
310/417-7993
CLOSED PRESS/PUBLIC ARRIVAL
NOTE: M o r t E n g l e b e r g t o meet HRC a t t h e a i r p o r t .
12:15 pm 12:25 pm
OFFICIAL PHOTOS
Tarmac
CLOSED PRESS
PARTICIPANTS:
- FEMA Employees
- Army N a t l Guard Photo
[Approx. 10]
[Approx. 12]
S t a f f Contact: Richard Mintz
.,
; ,
;
12:25 pm
(b)(6) ; \ ,7
DEPART The A i r p o r t
EN ROUTE Hyde Park School
[ D r i v e Time: Approx. 30 m i n u t e s ]
NOTE: James Lee W i t t - FEMA, and John Emerson w i l l b r i e f HRC
during t h e car r i d e t o the f i r s t event.
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
Limo: HRC, James Lee W i t t , John Emerson
�t
SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 3
S t a f f Van: Craighead, Caputo, Verveer,
Vip Van: Witt S t a f f e r
12:55
pm
Kinney
FORMAL ARRIVAL
3140 Hyde Park Blvd.
OPEN PRESS ARRIVAL
12:55 pm 1:05 pm
GREETERS:Cong. J u l i a n Dixon [D-CA]
Cong. Maxine Waters [D-CA] [TENTATIVE]
Deputy Sec. o f E d u c a t i o n , Madeleine Kunin
Mayor R i c h a r d Riordan, Los Angeles
1:05
1:10
GREETING BY SCHOOL CHILDREN
On Entrance t o school
OPEN PRESS
pm pm
PARTICIPANTS:
12 School C h i l d r e n [Grades 1-6]
P r i n c i p a l o f t h e School, Mattye Fegen
FORMAT:
- HRC w i l l be g r e e t e d by the c h i l d r e n & t h e
principal.
They w i l l show HRC t h e i r c o l l a g e & drawings o f
t h e i r e x p e r i e n c e s s i n c e t h e earthquake.
1:10
1:15
pm pm
PROCEED TO HOLD
- Deputy Sec. Kunin t o b r i e f HRC on p r e v i o u s days
events a t the Santa Monica s c h o o l s .
1:15
1:45
pm pm
SCHOOL EVENT w/Teachers & C h i l d r e n
Class Room
H o l d i n g Room: P r i n c i p a l s O f f i c e
Phone: 213/778-4992
Fax:
213/753-2280
POOL SPRAY AT THE BEGINNING OF EVENT ONLY
PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 16 expected t o a t t e n d
[See b r i e f i n g book f o r d e t a i l s ]
FORMAT:
- HRC and Dep. Sec. Kunin w i l l be a t d i f f e r e n t
t a b l e s a l o n g w i t h school c h i l d r e n , p a r e n t s , and
c r i s i s counselors f o r i n t e r a c t i v e d i s c u s s i o n .
- The c h i l d r e n w i l l be i n v o l v e d i n c r i s i s t h e r a p y
a c t i v i t i e s such as drawings, puppet d e m o n s t r a t i o n s
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 4
etc.
1:45 pm 1:55 pm
DROP BY w / F a c i l i t y & Board Members of the D i s t r i c t
& Elected O f f i c i a l s
Class Room
CLOSED PRESS
PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 30 expected t o a t t e n d
FORMAT: I n f o r m a l meet & greet
Contact: Ms. M a t t i e Fagen
2:00 pm 2:20 pm
2:30 pm
_
L
213/778-4992
:
; (b)(6)' • • •
o f d i h g'" Room: L'tb r a r y & O f f i c e
DEPART Hyde Park School
EN ROUTE S t r e e t Walk
[Drive Time: Approx. 1 hour]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
Limo: HRC
S t a f f Van: Craighead, Caputo, Verveer, Kinney, Emerson
Vip Van: James Lee Witt & s t a f f e r
3:30 pm
ARRIVE S t r e e t Walk
3:30 pm 4:15 pm
STREET WALK EVENT
6000 Block of Selma Ave./East o f Gower Ave.
Residential D i s t r i c t
A t t i r e : Casual
POOL PRESS ONLY
FORMAT:
- HRC w i l l be met curbside by Councilwoman Jackie
Goldberg
- View the damage o f the earthquake t o r e s i d e n t i a l
homes on the s t r e e t , meet w i t h the home owners
o u t s i d e and l i s t e n t o t h e i r concerns.
- At the end of the walk HRC w i l l be met by youths
of the Los Angeles Conservation Corp.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 5
Event Contact: Councilwoman Jackie Goldberg
4:15 pm
DEPART S t r e e t Walk Event
EN ROUTE The Radisson H o t e l
[ D r i v e Time: Approx. 10 minutes]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
Limo: HRC
S t a f f Van: Craighead, Caputo, Verveer, Kinney, Emerson
Vip Van: James Lee Witt & s t a f f e r
4:30 pm
ARRIVE The Radisson H o t e l
5:00 pm 5:20 pm
CALL-IN INTERVIEW
I n t e r v i e w w/Sandra Thompson; Managing E d i t o r
Las Vegas Sun Newspaper
Place C a l l To: 702/259-4025
NOTE: L i s a Caputo w i l l be p r e s e n t f o r t h e c a l l .
5:30 pm 7:30 pm
DOWN TIME A t The H o t e l
7:35 pm
DEPART The H o t e l
EN ROUTE The U n i v e r s a l Amphitheater
[ D r i v e Time: Approx. 20 minutes]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
Limo: HRC
S t a f f Van: Craighead, Caputo, Verveer, Kinney, Emerson
Vip Van:
8:00 pm
Greeters:
ARRIVE The U n i v e r s a l Amphitheater
David Geffen
Andrew Spahn, Pres. o f t h e Geffen Foundation
8:05 pm
PROCEED To Seat
8:15 pm -
AIDS PROJECT LOS ANGELES
�t
SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 6
10:30 pm
"Commitment to L i f e Award"
The U n i v e r s a l Amphitheater
Holding Room: Dressing Room
Phone: 818/622-4408
A t t i r e : Evening Dress
OPEN PRESS [NOT TELEVISED]
S i t e Advance:
Stephanie Owens
Press Advance: Andy B e a t t y
PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 6200 expected t o a t t e n d
[See b r i e f i n g book f o r f u r t h e r i n f o ]
FORMAT:
8:15
10:15
pm
- The Show b e g i n s
- [See b r i e f i n g book f o r complete program]
pm
- Barbara Streisand w i l l
10:17 pm
b r i e f remarks
10:30
pm
10:30
pm
i n t r o HRC
- HRC p r o c e e d s onto s t a g e [ l e f t ]
[approx. 5 - 1 0
minutes]
& p r e s e n t award
to r e c e i v e award & d e l i v e r
- HRC e x i t s s t a g e l e f t
** HRC can view f i n a l e from b a c k s t a g e
-
- Whitney Houston performs
10:45 pm 10:55 pm
- Proceed to h o l d
10:55
11:00
- o f f i c i a l photos w i t h 5 E v e n t C h a i r s
Backstage Area
CLOSED PRESS
pm
pm
-
PARTICIPANTS:
David Geffen
B a r r y D i l l e r , Event QVC Chairman
Ron Meyer, C r e a t i v e A r t i s t s Agency P a r t n e r
M i c h a e l E i s n e r , Walt Disney Co. Chairman
Steve T i s c h , APLA Chairman
Event Contact: Andy Spahn
11:00 pm 11:45 pm
310/285-7962
VIP RECEPTION [ w / C o n t r i b u t o r s & Cast Members]
Tent [behind t h e stage]
CLOSED PRESS
PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 250 expected t o a t t e n d
[See b r i e f i n g book f o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l s ]
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 7
FORMAT:
- HRC has t h e o p t i o n o f making b r i e f
- Meet & Greet w / a t t e n d e e s
remarks
NOTE: K a t h l e e n Brown, John Garamendi, Gray D a v i s , March Fong Eu
w i l l be a t t e n d i n g t h e V I P R e c e p t i o n .
11:45 pm
DEPART The U n i v e r s a l A m p h i t h e a t e r
EN ROUTE The Burbank A i r p o r t
[ D r i v e Time: Approx. 15 - 20 m i n u t e s ]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
Limo: HRC
S t a f f Van: Craighead, Caputo, V e r v e e r , Kinney
12:00 am
ARRIVE The A i r p o r t
12:10 am [PDT] WHEELS UP Burbank, CA
FBO: Mercury A i r
4301 Empire Ave
Phone: 818/841-2966
Fax:
818/841-9808
CLOSED PRESS/PUBLIC DEPARTURE
F l i g h t Time: 50 minutes
M a n i f e s t : HRC, Craighead, Caputo, V e r v e e r , Kinney,
Food: Snack
1:00 am [PDT;
WHEELS DOWN L a s Vegas, NV
McCarran I n t l A i r p o r t
FBO: S i g n a t u r e A v i a t i o n
6005 L a s Vegas B l v d . South
Phone: 702/739-1172
Fax:
702/739-1241
CLOSED PRESS/PUBLIC ARRIVAL
NOTE: Mark Sump t o meet HRC a t t h e a i r p o r t ,
1:05 am
V
.
DEPART The A i r p o r t
EN ROUTE H o t e l
[ D r i v e Time: 10 m i n u t e s ]
�t
SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1994
PAGE 8
1:15 am
ARRIVE B a l l y ' s Resort & Casino
EVERYONE GET SOME SLEEP!!!!
HRC RON
D a i l y ' s Resort & Casino
3645 Las Vegas B l v d .
Las Vegas, NV
Phone: 702/739-4591
Fax:
702/739-4405
WEATHER FORECAST FOR LOS ANGELES, CA:
-- P a r t l y c l o u d y , morning showers expected, and s l i g h t l y
Temps m i d t o lower 60's.
cooler,
��January 27, 1994
TOUR OF UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER WITH REPRESENTATIVE BILBRAY
DATE:
Friday, January 28
LOCATION: University Medical
Center, Las Vegas, NV
TIME:
11:30 am
FROM:
L i z Bowyer, Kim T i l l e y
I.
PURPOSE
To v i s i t the University Medical Center with Representative
Bilbray, tour the AIDS In-patient Unit and Physical Therapy Unit,
and participate i n a discussion with a group of hospital patients
and their families.
II.
BACKGROUND
University Medical Center
University Medical Center (UMC)is a 560-bed t e r t i a r y care
f a c i l i t y that serves as a trauma center and teaching hospital for
the entire southern Nevada region. UMC i s governed by the Clark
County Commission, which serves as the University Medical Center
Board of Trustees. The hospital has more than 800 physicians on
staff.
University Medical Center emphasizes i t s commitment to bringing
new medical technology and developments i n patient care to the
rapidly-changing Southern Nevada community. The center s t r i v e s
to provide comprehensive, quality medical care around the clock.
University Medical Center i s the largest non-profit and only
government-owned hospital i n Southern Nevada. As a county
hospital, i t recognizes that part of i t s mission i s to provide
services for a l l patients regardless of their a b i l i t y to pay.
Due to the transient nature of the Las Vegas area, UMC i f forced
to treat a large number of indigent patients. In fact, about 26%
of the patients UMC treats every year are uninsured, costing the
hospital approximately $19.6 million per year.
While committed to this open-door policy, the hospital does not
(in the words of one administrator) "want to be viewed as the
stereotypical county hospital and the l a s t place people go for
treatment." For instance, the hospital focuses on i t s innovative
services and pioneering efforts such as the Trauma Center, Burn
Care Center and AIDS Unit.
�Position on Health Care Refonn
University Medical Center has not taken an o f f i c i a l position on
health care refonn.
History of University Medical Center
Interesting facts on the history of University Medical Center:
* University Medical Center was b u i l t i n response to the influx
of more than 12,000 residents who came to Las Vegas with the
construction of the Boulder Dam i n 1931. The 20-bed Clark County
Indigent Hospital, as i t was f i r s t called, operated for i t s f i r s t
two years with one doctor and one nurse, both on duty or on c a l l
24-hours a day, seven days a week. Most of the hospital's
energies went to treating injured workers from the dam s i t e —
the temperature i n Black Canyon was recorded a t more than 140
degrees, and there were more cases of heat prostration than
accidents.
* In the 1940s, the hospital was renamed the Clark County General
Hospital, and underwent great reconstruction with the assistance
of the Federal Works Administration. [According to news reports,
the hospital's roof leaked when i t rained and pans were placed
around to catch the water. Lights were strung along exposed
pipes i n the operating room and water came from a week.]
[An extended h i s t o r i c a l overview of University Medical Center i s
in John Hart's Nevada Health Care Reform memo.]
Congressman Bilbray
Although Governor Miller w i l l be accompanying you a t the hospital
as well, this event was requested by Congressman Bilbray's office
and he considers i t " h i s " tour.
Congressman Bilbray's daughter, E r i n , worked on the Finance s t a f f
in the Clinton/Gore campaign office here i n Washington, and then
on the Inaugural s t a f f . She now works a t the Department of
Commerce as a Congressional A f f a i r s S p e c i a l i s t i n NOAA (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).
The Congressman's son, Kevin, died of diabetes several years ago.
According to h i s s t a f f . Congressman Bilbray and h i s wife Mikey
have been active i n promoting the Health Security Act around Las
Vegas, meeting with community leaders and sending newsletters to
voters and physicians. (Attached i s a health care newsletter the
Representative sent to over 300,000 postal patrons around h i s
d i s t r i c t . He might appreciate your acknowledgment of i t . )
Congressman Bilbray's Legislative Assistant for health care,
David Goldwater, worked on the Health Care Task Force i n the
Medicare working group.
�Tour o f U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center
AIDS I n - p a t i e n t U n i t
This i s the only dedicated i n - and o u t - p a t i e n t AIDS U n i t i n
Nevada, and was among the f i r s t i n the country when i t opened i n
J u l y 1987.
(You w i l l be t o u r i n g the i n - p a t i e n t u n i t ; the outp a t i e n t c l i n i c i s across the s t r e e t . ) There are 24 beds i n the
i n - p a t i e n t u n i t , and they are almost always f u l l .
Nevada has been e s p e c i a l l y hard h i t by the AIDS epidemic,
c o n s i s t e n t l y ranking among the top ten states f o r AIDS incidence.
There are no obvious f a c t o r s t h a t explain t h i s , except perhaps
Nevada's t r a n s i e n t and r a p i d l y growing population. (Fact sheets
from Dr. Cade attached.)
Because o f Nevada's small population, i t s absolute number o f
cases o f HIV-infected people i s less than the number o f cases i n
l a r g e , m e t r o p o l i t a n areas. Hence, U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center has
never been able t o obtain Federal assistance f o r medical care of
HIV p a t i e n t s , and the f i n a n c i a l burden f o r operating the AIDS
u n i t has f a l l e n p r i m a r i l y on the h o s p i t a l .
[NOTE: President Bush v i s i t e d the U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center
during the 1992 campaign and gave a speech i n the auditorium.
Representative B i l b r a y ' s o f f i c e says t h a t he purposely avoided
the AIDS u n i t , a f a c t t h a t was noted by the Nevada press.]
Physical Therapy U n i t
UMC operates the most comprehensive hospital-based r e h a b i l i t a t i o n
program i n Southern Nevada. I t o f f e r s comprehensive i n - and outp a t i e n t p h y s i c a l r e h a b i l i t a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g physical therapy,
speech therapy and occupational therapy.
Meeting w i t h Patients and Families
( P r o f i l e s / d e s c r i p t i o n s o f p a t i e n t s attached)
I I I . PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Congressman James B i l b r a y
Mikey (Michalene) B i l b r a y
Governor Bob M i l l e r
U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center Greeters:
W i l l i a m R. Hale, CEO, U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center
Jacqueline Taylor, Senior Associate Administrator/Professional
Services, UMC
T h a l i a Dondero, Chair, Board of Trustees (Clark County
Commissioner)
Robert Buckley, M.D., Chief of S t a f f
�[Note: W i l l i a m Hale and Jacqueline Taylor w i l l accompany you
throughout the e n t i r e tour — b r i e f bios are attached)
AIDS U n i t :
Jerry Cade, M.M., D i r e c t o r of HIV Services and Co-Founder of the
AIDS U n i t , UMC (greeter)
3 AIDS p a t i e n t s i n t h e i r rooms
Nurses a t t h e i r s t a t i o n
Physical Therapy Unit:
Dr. Firooz Mashhood, P h y s i a t r i s t , Medical D i r e c t o r of
R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Services (greeter)
3 c h i l d r e n w i t h t h e i r parents and p h y s i c a l t h e r a p i s t s
Discussion w i t h p a t i e n t s and t h e i r f a m i l i e s :
Suzanne Dessaints-Prince, R.N., Head Nurse of Medical
C l i n i c (discussion leader)
Patients and t h e i r f a m i l i e s (approximately
IV.
Outpatient
10 attending)
PRESS
A r r i v a l a t U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center — Open
Tour of AIDS U n i t — Closed
Tour of Physical Therapy Unit — Open (may be pooled)
Discussion w i t h p a t i e n t s and t h e i r f a m i l i e s -- Open
V.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
*HRC a r r i v e s U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center (greeters l i s t e d above)
*HRC tours the AIDS I n - p a t i e n t Unit (greeter l i s t e d above)
*HRC tours the Physical Therapy Unit (greeter l i s t e d above)
* HRC p a r t i c i p a t e s i n discussion w i t h p a t i e n t s and t h e i r
f a m i l i e s , l e d by Suzanne Dessaints-Prince, R.N.
* HRC departs
VI.
REMARKS
Informal remarks.
�A d d i t i o n a l I n f o r m a t i o n on U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center
* Although not included i n your t o u r , i t ' s important t o note t h a t
UMC i s extremely proud of i t s trauma center. U n i v e r s i t y Medical
Center c a l l s i t s Trauma Center f o r Southern Nevada, located on
the f i r s t f l o o r of t h e UMC Trauma and P e d i a t r i c Center, t h e "most
advanced, free-standing trauma center i n the n a t i o n . " I t i s
state-designated and i s t h e h i g h e s t - l e v e l (Level I I ) i n Nevada.
The second f l o o r of the UMC Trauma and P e d i a t r i c Center holds a
s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t c h i l d r e n ' s medical u n i t .
* UMC i s also the major c l i n i c a l campus f o r the U n i v e r s i t y of
Nevada School o f Medicine ( i n Reno). UMC o f f e r s residency
programs i n general surgery, i n t e r n a l medicine, f a m i l y p r a c t i c e ,
o b s t e t r i c s and gynecology. A f e l l o w s h i p program t o t r a i n
p e d i a t r i c emergency physicians was r e c e n t l y added.
* U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center holds the only burn care u n i t i n
Nevada, t h e Lions Burn Care Center. The Center serves the e n t i r e
s t a t e of Nevada, along w i t h p o r t i o n s of Arizona, Utah, C a l i f o r n i a
and New Mexico. The Lions Club was instrumental i n r a i s i n g funds
t o b u i l d the center many years ago, and continues t o support i t
through f u n d r a i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s .
* UMC was t h e f i r s t h o s p i t a l i n Nevada t o develop an organ
t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n program ( i n conjunction w i t h the Nevada School of
Medicine);
* UMC's Comprehensive Cancer Center, the only comprehensive
center i n Las Vegas, o f f e r s a s p e c i a l nursing s t a f f and provides
the l a t e s t developments i n c a n c e r - f i g h t i n g drugs l i k e I n t e r f e r o n
and I t r a l e u k e n .
* U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center has established f o u r "Quick Care
Centers" (one i n the h o s p i t a l and three around the community) i n
response t o Southern Nevada's growing population, and t o o f f e r an
a l t e r n a t i v e t o the high costs and long waits associated w i t h most
emergency departments. The Centers t r e a t minor i l l n e s s e s and
i n j u r i e s , o f f e r extended service hours and do not r e q u i r e
appointments. A f i f t h Quick Care Center i s being b u i l t now.
* UMC holds a Level I I I neonatal nursery, t h e highest l e v e l
designated by t h e s t a t e o f Nevada; and i t was the f i r s t h o s p i t a l
emergency department i n Nevada t o be s t a f f e d 24 hours a day by
p e d i a t r i c emergency physicians.
�JAMES
H. BILBRAY
i ST D I S T R I C T ,
2
/JSN
4
3
1 R
*
Y B U H N
HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON. DC 2 0 5 1 5 - 2 8 0 1
NEVADA
|202|
COMMITTEE ON
ARMED SERVICES
225-5965
DISTRICT OFFICES:
1 785 E. SAHARA # 4 4 5
L
COMMITTEE ON
J^ro'r^oN
COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE
s V E G
«'
N
V
8
9 1
0
4
Conarestf of tfje ®ntteb g t t g
>ae
'PROCUREMENT. TAXATION
TOURISM
PERMANENT SELECT
*
(702) 565-4788
HENDERSON, NV 89015
,
^OUSft Of
BtptttitTltattiitfi
fltefnngton, BC 20515-2801
BRIEF SUMMARY OF UNIQUE FEATURES OF NEVADA HEALTH CARE
**Over 295,000 people i n Nevada are uninsured.
26.6%--the highest i n the country.
That i s a rate of
• • C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the uninsured are t y p i c a l - - 7 5 % have jobs or
are dependents of someone who works, 30% of women receive no
p r e - n a t a l care, and even w i t h Medicaid, 1 i n 5 Las Vegas
c h i l d r e n cannot go t o a doctor because no one pays the b i l l .
**0ver 80% of the businesses i n Nevada are small businesses.
**Nevadans are not healthy. Nevada ranks 42nd i n t o t a l health,
42nd i n heart disease, 48th i n smoking, and 48th i n death per
100,000. Nevada i s #1 i n the n a t i o n f o r alcohol and tobacco
r e l a t e d deaths. L i f e - s t y l e f a c t o r s are t o blame.
**There i s an increasing e l d e r l y population l i v i n g i n Nevada.
Because of the favorable t a x treatment (Nevada has no s t ^ t e
income t a x ) , moderate climate, and a r e l a t i v e l y low cost of
l i v i n g , many people r e t i r e t o Nevada. This complicates the
h e a l t h system because of a l l the reasons associated w i t h aging
populations, as w e l l as unique finance issues.
••Managed care i s t a k i n g roots i n Nevada. A m a j o r i t y of c i t i z e n s
are involved w i t h managed care. Family Health Plan (FHP) has
added 200,000 Medicare b e n e f i c i a r i e s t o i t s Medicare Riskc o n t r a c t i n g program. The workmen's compensation system
operates under managed care, and Medicaid i s moving toward more
managed care.
••Nevada has both an urban and a r u r a l population.
••Oppositi^^^^^
Act has mounted l o c a i l l y .
The;".ioqal'. papef,• The Las Vegas Review Journal, runs a series of
boxes d a i l y on the e d i t o r i a l page c a l l e d "ClintonCare a t Work."
These quote pieces of the l e g i s l a t i o n and o f f e r a l i n e or two
of i t a l i c i z e d , c y n i c a l t e x t . There have been l e t t e r s t o the
e d i t o r from the p u b l i c t h a t are p a t e n t l y inaccurate based on
these boxes.
I n a d d i t i o n , the Nevada Restaurant Association has come out
against tlie plan. The a d m i n i s t r a t o r of Humana Hospital (a large,
p r i v a t e h o s p i t a l ) has spoken against the plan. L a s t l y , Nevada
physicians are s k e p t i c a l a t best.
A v i s i t from Mrs. C l i n t o n would give supporters of the plan the
ammunition t o f i g h t f o r the Health Security Act.
�JAN-25-94 T E IT!32
U
CN R SIA BL R Y
0 G ES N I B A
1
P. 02
Congressman
James H. Bilbray
Sen ina \c\:i(l:t'« iirst
Districl!
THE TRUTH ABOUT HEALTH REFORM
AND YOU!
Dear Friends:
Wc have been hearing a lot about health care
recently. Some people arc spreading false rumors about
President Clinton's Health Securily Act just to protect
their own self-interest. Others are talking about the
package and they just don't know the truth.
The truth is we are in a crisis. Health care costs are
nearly $1 trillion per year and are growing rapidly. Over
261,000 Nevadans arc not covered by health insurance.
Also, 1 out of every 4 of us will not have health
insurance at some time in the next year. Undoubtedly,
we must have health care reform.
Many people are confused by this complex issue.
Because there is so much information out there, I have
assembled some of the facts conccruiug how this plan
will affect you. I hope this serves as a good source of
information for you. If you have any questions about
this health plan, please feel free to contact my office.
We are happy to assist you.
Sincerely,
4-
�J N 2 - 4 TE 1 1 3 CMRSHl B L R Y
A - G 9 U 7 3 OGESfM I B A
v
;
?
,
FAX N ,
O
P 03
,
i
• Treatment In hospitnl.or-dgdon'AojiSfcS'|Hrci
home eke;'lelubllitaiiSSi ""
* Tkflc bcilcflts canriot be
status, nr Income ^0||^
J
,;
A plm that ^ d i ^ ^
• • emphaitxed b^«ie,teTt
worth a pound of
r
'fyffil
• Cuii]prttliensiYewomen'^
sendees. ' 'X^W.'.^^S?
3
wants to raise your tates'; .'thei
motives. • ' - • ^ ; * f ^ ^
• A plaii wiUi'n^fiihit/^^'i
' "''•'••'•lick. -
^^Pifi^^g^
4
'l>'>f A tilW that Vcep»'i (fudtlite|u)'
deJudiljIe. But'.{t'^^*^''
. 'ihdividUal^'SioO^fbr;
WHERE DO YOU FIT IN THE NEW SYSTEM?
IF YOU ARE:
ACE f!5 OR OLDER: You will continue to receive your health carc from
Medicnre with n reduction in benefits. In fact, under health care reform,
o
Medicnre will heflddtoftprescription drug coverage. If you still are working nftar age 65, you can stillreceivethe. s m comprehensive benefits as
a e
other woricing Amcrfciuis through the health alliances.
WORKING AND HAVE HEALTII INSURANCE: Yon will eomltnic to
have the bcuefils you do Uxlay. In fact, you will n longer be n the mercy
o
r
of your employertochoose yow lieallh plan. Your employer paysfif)%of
the premium and you choose the health plait you waul. Additionally, your
cost Increases will be modest and predictable.
WORKING PART-TIME: You will pay for a portion of your heatth
insurance premiums. As long as you are working, your etaployeis will also
pay pnn of your prenriums and. depending on your incooie, you m y rea
crive discounts for the remainder.
SELF-EMPLOYED/INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR; Today, you are
only nllowcd to deduct 2 % of your health carc premiumsfromy m Uues,
5
o
Under reform, yon will be able to deduct 1 0 of your health care costs.
0%
As with any business, you pay the cmployct's share, a d are eligible for any
n
discounts fhnr apply, You also pay the individual/family share, and m y b
a e
7 eligible fnr discounts on that as well, depending on income.
�JAN-25-94 T E 17:35
U
C N RSM N BL R Y
O G ES A I B A
FAX ivj, cCT'
122258808
F, 04
RETIRED, AGED 55-65: Faced withrisinghealth costs, many companies
have been dropping the coverage their retired workers depend on. Under
reform, the 80% share of the average premium will be covered and retired
American workers will only be responsible for the remainder. Former
employers may choose to cover that share, or may be required to do so
under collective bargaining contracts.
A VETERAN: Veterans with service-connected disabilities and lowincome veterans will be eligible to receive the nationally guaranteed comprehensive benefit package through the Department of Veteran Affairs with
no co-payments or deductibles. They wilt continue to be eligible for
supplemental services offered by the VA, such as treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, and certain dental services. Also, veterans will have
the opportunity to choose from among several health plans offered through
the alliance. Should the veteran choose the plan offered through the VA,
there will be very little out of pocket expense.
" """
A FEDERAL EMPLOYEE: Federal employees, retirees, and Members of
— . . — • - i nt-* i i nthpr workers. The seoarate federal health
a
�Congress are treated t c ail otner woncers.
Ue
insurance system is phased out and federal workers obtain their insurance
through local alliances and are responsible for 20% of the cost. Federal
retirees who are also eligible for Medicare will have a choice of remaining
with tlie alliance they are already in or enrolling in Medicare.
A SMALL BUSINESS: You provide the bulk of jobs in the American
economy. Because we are building on the employer-based system of
providing health insurance, there are caps on how much a small business
will have to pay-caps as low as 3.5% of payroll. In addition, your costs
Increases will be modest and predictable. Small businesses will benefit
from the Health Security Act.
:
lo
�JAN-^j-tf'! ' J IT 5
Pt
7
CHRSm B L R Y
OGESM I B A
F X N. 2 2 2 3 0
A O 02588
ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS
Q. Will T still he able tn see rny own doctor?
A. Yes. ynn will he nble to choose, ynur own doctor. Whnt you pny will depend on which plans
yonr doctor joins. Yon will be. able to choose nn HMO (with little or no out nf pocket expense), a
PPO (with litniMvl om-of-pocko.t f-xpemsf:), or fec-for-service (you enn see any doctor you waul).
U, Will uovwjiwicui burcauvrats be ruiuiing tuy health carc sybtwiV
A. Absolutely not. Reform will get insurance companies and the federal government out of
doctors' offices and leave your nodical decisions to you and your doctor-whert they belong.
The government's role will be to help control costs and maintain the quality of henlth enre.
Q. Will our premiums and co-payments go up?
A. No employer can ask an employeetopay moi? than 20% of the premium, and the deductible
for an individual is only $200 per year or $400 per year for a family.
(J. What happens if I change jobs? Will I risk losing henlth insurance coveia^c?
A. No. Never. The Health Security plan will guarantee that you will never lime your iiuuiuiue
cuveiaija In addition, people with pre existing conditions am covered, no mailer what. And you
will uol be chained more juM because yuu are sick.
MOMTHIY
Yom
fly
f *l c - l l k i n u i :
FtSilijii
REFORM
flLernye
III
m
AvcrjQL
mm
mm
Unt* rmm
CMfttB
RJIIIJL'
1
m
m
•
MarriadCeupia
IfflktoCM*!
SMin
tn
SO-SN
s m Pn
h K iM
$MGO
$3
2
m n $2
3
$M
Congress of the United States
U.S. House of ReprpgfnfftUvfJ
2J31 Bnyburn MOB
Washington, D.C. 20515
Offlcln) Ruslncsf)
Postal ratron-Local
1st Congressional District
Nevada
1
I
M.C.
Bulk Rate
CAR-RT SORT
�JAN-27-94
14.47 FROM. UMC
ADMINISTRATION
ID. 7023832067
PACE
William R. Hale - Chief Executive O f f i c p r . Mr. Hale i s
Chief ExccutivG O f f i c e r of U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center. P r i o r t o h i a
tenure a t UMC, he was the Chief Operating O f f i c e r of San Bernardino
County Medical Center, San Bernardino, C a l i f o r n i a , since November,
1984 and waa t h e i r Chief F i n a n c i a l O f f i c e r from October, 1980 t o
November, 1984. He held the p o s i t i o n of C o n t r o l l e r f o r Riverside
General H o s p i t a l , Riverside, C a l i f o r n i a , from A p r i l , 1977 t o
October,
1980.
Mr. Hale received h i s Masters i n Business
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n from C a l i f o r n i a State U n i v e r s i t y , San Bernardino,
C a l i f o r n i a , i n 1980 and a Bachelor of A r t s degree from C a l i f o r n i a
State U n i v e r s i t y i n 1975.
Mr. Hale i s married and has three
children.
�J-AN-27-34 15.58 FROM • UMC
ADMINISTRATION
I D . 7O23B320G7
PACE
JACQUELINE TAYLOR, SENIOR ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR/PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES, has held thia administrative position for the l a s t five
years at University Medical Center. Ma. Taylor has been i n the
health care industry for the l a s t 30 years i n the Las Vegas
coxmnunity. She has served as a Nursing Executive Officer i n the
three major hospitala i n the comnnmity and i a a c t i v e l y involved
and has served on health related Boards within the l o c a l area. Ms.
Taylor has been a Board Member of the Nevada State Board of Health
for the l a a t 12 years.
�f
TD:
Jeny Cade,
General
FAX#:
L i z Bowyer
WhiteHou^g
FflDM:
202-456-2239
FAX f:
ai
^
Dale Pugh, D i r . PR/MKTGCATC: 1
University Med Ctr
PAGES INCLUDING
7*7*
THB PAGE:
2
PH(^#:
Practice
HIV Services in Clark County
University Medical Center's AIDS Inpatient Unit opened on July 5, 1987.
Since that time it has been hospital - and sometimes h m - to some of the bravest,
o e
most wonderful men and women in Nevada, Utah, Arizona and California.
University Medical Cento's (UMC's) AIDS Inpatient Unit was among the fust
dedicated AIDS units in the countiy. . We think it was thefirstsuch unit in a
metropolitan area with less than a million people.
We opened with twelve inpatient beds. By October, 1991 there had not been
an empty bed for almost a year, so we moved to the cunent 24 bed ward. At times, all
of those beds have beenfilled;but, for now, our current unit meets most of our needs.
Fortunately, UMCs AIDS Inpatient Unit has been able to attract most'
patients with HIV Disease in our catchment area (Nevada, Northern Arizona, Western
Utah and California). Unlike other regions, we do not have a two-tiered health care
system where people without money or insurance gptothe county hospital and people
with third party payment sources go to private institutions. By confronting and
embracing the AIDS crisis in Nevada, UMC has been abletocreate a comprehensive
health care system for People with HIV Disease which is high quality, cost-effective
egalitarian. The cost of indigent care has been offset by die incomefiompatients
^^^vith private insurance at other sources of income.
If we had not developed this mechanism of supporting UMC, it would have
been difficulttoadequately fund necessary AIDS treatment for eveiyone in Clark
County. Despite our significant AIDS case load, we have never received direct
Federal support for AIDS cars.
Nevada has consistently ranked in the tq) ten states for AIDS incidence, i.e.
number of cases of HTV per hundred thousand people. Because we are a small state,
we have been overiooked for Federal assistance. Hie burden on our health care
system for People with AIDS is commensurate with larger metropolitan areas; but, our
absolute number of AIDS cases is smaller.
It is my understanding that Las Vegas has thefifthhighest AIDS incidence of
the cities in PubUc Health Service Region DC, and we are the only one of those cities
not receiving direct Federal support for AIDS medical care.
We have hadtobe efficient and creative. We have needed significant county
and city support. Fortunately, our community is full of angels who have volunteered
their time, energy, ability and heartstohelp ensure that the men and women with
_ AIDS in Southern Nevada receive the medical attention they need as well as the
^^gnity, respect, compassion and love they deserve.
2300 West Charleston Btvd
Suite 259
Las Vegas. Nevada 89102
Appointments: 702.877.5199
Offlce: 702.877.8600
Afte» Hours: 702.897.2512
PO Box 15645
Las Vegas. NV 89114-5645
�FEDERAL EXPENDITURES ON HIV MEDICAL CARE
Aids S t a t i s t i c a l Comparisons: Five Most Heavily Impacted PHS Region
IX Metropolitan S t a t i s t i c a l Areas
San
Francisco
Cumulative AIDS
Cases
San
Diego
LOB
Oakland Angeles
Las
Vegas
17,424
4,164
21,850
4,909
1,274
4,592
1,225
5,557
1,474
486
1 10/92-93 Incidence
100,000
279.8
57.2
61.1
56.7
46.9
Cumulative
Prevalence 100,000
1,061.7
194.4
240.2
168.8
122.9
$71,357
$6,464
$70,021
New Aids Cases
10/92-9/93
T o t a l PHS Aids M$
| (FY'92)
NOTES:
$29,868
-0-
1) Some Metropolitan S t a t i s t i c a l Areas include a d d i t i o n a l
counties: San Francisco includes Marin & San Mateo
Counties, Oakland includes Alameda and Contra Costa
Counties.
2) Cumulative AIDS Cases as reported by CDC through
9-30-93. Source: HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, Vol.5, #3.
3) T o t a l PHS AIDS funding i n m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s .
Source: PHS Grants Management Information System.
U N I V S n B I T Y M B O I C A L CEIMTBR
1800 W. Charleston Blvd. • Las Vegas, Nevada 89102 • (702) 383-2000
An Equal Opportunity (including the handicapped) - Affirmative Action Employer
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
004. schedule
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final [partial] (5 pages)
01/28/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6), b(7)(E)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number: 18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - |S U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIAj
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA|
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
DATE: FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
FINAL
LAS VEGAS, NV/WASHINGTON, DC
Traveling Party:
HRC
Craighead
:
;
•; : ,
Lead A d v a n c e :
Las Vegas, NV
,(b)(7)e
:
Mark Sump
702-739-4111
702-739-4405
... ..
S c h e d u l i n g Desk;
;
,•,?;'• r t / ' / ? ;v,: (b)(6). r / - r]--: y:^
Caputo
Verveer
Paul Antony
B a r b a r a Kinney
RM 1762A
fax
1
-
S a r a Grote
202-456-2922
202-456-2317
office
fax
.- ' •
PREV RONBally's Casino R e s o r t
3645 Las Vegas B l v d .
Las Vegas, NV
Phone: 702-739-4111
Fax: 702-739-4405
10:00 am
11:05 am
DEPART S a l l y ' s Casino R e s o r t
EN ROUTE U n i v e r s i t y M e d i c a l C e n t e r
[ d r i v e t i m e : 20 m i n . ]
NOTE: Gov. Bob M i l l e r , Cong. James B i l b r a y and Mrs. "Mikey"
[ M i c h a l e n e ] B i l b r a y w i l l meet up w i t h HRC a t e l e v a t o r s on 1 7 t h
floor.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 2
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
HRC's Limo: HRC & Gov. Bob M i l l e r
S t a f f Van: CRAIGHEAD, ANTONY, KINNEY
Guest Van: VERVEER, Cong. B i l b r a y , Mrs. B i l b r a y ,
Spare Sedan: CAPUTO & Adam Clymer, NYT
11:25
am
Greeters:
ARRIVE U n i v e r s i t y M e d i c a l Center
OPEN PRESS ARRIVAL
W i l l i a m R. Hale, CEO, UMC
J a c q u e l i n e T a y l o r , Senior A s s o c i a t e
A d m i n i s t r a t o r / P r o f e s s i o n a l S e r v i c e s , UMC
T h a l i a Dondero, Chair, Board o f T r u s t e e s [ C l a r k
Commissioner], UMC
Robert Buckley, M.D.,
11:30
am
Gov's s t a f f e r
Chief o f S t a f f ,
County
UMC
PROCEED TO Tour o f U n i v e r s i t y M e d i c a l Center
VIPS TO PARTICIPATE ON TOUR:
-Cong. James B i l b r a y
-Mrs. Mikey B i l b r a y
-Gov. Bob M i l l e r
NOTE: W i l l i a m R. Hale, CEO, UMC t o conduct t o u r .
Jacqueline
T a y l o r , Senior A s s o c i a t e , UMC w i l l a l s o accompany HRC.
11:30
11:45
amam
TOUR OF AIDS U n i t o f U n i v e r s i t y M e d i c a l
Center
1800 West C h a r l e s t o n B l v d .
H o l d i n g Room: Doctors' O f f i c e s
Phone: 702-383-2086
Fax: 702-383-2067 [main fax at UMC]
CLOSED PRESS
Format: J e r r y Cade, M.M., D i r e c t o r o f HIV
Services-UMC, Co-Founder AIDS U n i t , t o g r e e t
HRC upon a r r i v a l t o u n i t . HRC t o meet and
g r e e t w i t h p a t i e n t s i n t h e i r rooms and nurses
at t h e i r s t a t i o n .
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 8 p a t i e n t s and nurses.
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance: Mary S t r e e t t
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 3
1
C o n t a c t / B i l b r a y s O f c : David Goldwater
702-792-2424 [o]
:(b)(6)",
Contact/UMC: Dale Pugh, Public A f f a i r s
702-383-2454
11:45 am11:50 am
TOUR OF Physic a 1 -The rap.y-Un-i-.t ?a-fe- ~ M
UG
1800 West Charleston Blvd.
OPEN PRESS
Format: Dr. Firooz Mashhood, P h y s i a t r i s t ,
Medical D i r e c t o r o f R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Services,
t o greet HRC upon a r r i v a l t o room. HRC t o
meet and greet w i t h 3 c h i l d r e n i n p h y s i c a l
therapy w i t h t h e i r parents.
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 9 people.
b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
[See
S i t e Advance: Mary S t r e e t t
Press Advance: Peter Wolaschuk
1
C o n t a c t / B i l b r a y s O f c : David Goldwater
702-792-2424 fo]
Contact/UMC: Dale Pugh, Public A f f a i r s
702-383-2454
11:50 am12:10 pm
.
. .
. .
.
DISCUSSTON W/Patiohts and" the i r f a m i i i e s
Cafeteria/Lounge
U n i v e r s i t y Medical Center
OPEN PRESS
Format: HRC t o i n t e r a c t w i t h p a t i e n t s and
t h e i r f a m i l i e s . Open d i s c u s s i o n .
Suzanne
Dessaints-Prince, R.N.-Head Nurse o f Medical
Outpatient C l i n i c t o lead d i s c u s s i o n .
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 10 people t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 4
S i t e Advance: Mary S t r e e t t
Press Advance: Peter Wolaschuk
Contact/UMC: Dale Pugh, P u b l i c A f f a i r s
702-383-2454
12:15
pm
DEPART UMC
EN ROUTE Thomas and Mack Center a t t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f Nevada
[ d r i v e t i m e : 15 min.]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
HRC's Limo: HRC & Jan Green, Las Vegas Review Newspaper
S t a f f Van: CRAIGHEAD, ANTONY, KINNEY
Guest Van: VERVEER, Gov. M i l l e r , Cong. B i l b r a y , Mrs. B i l b r a y ,
Gov's s t a f f e r
Spare Sedan: CAPUTO & Adam Clymer, NYT
12:30
pm
Greeters:
ARRIVE Thomas and Mack Center a t t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f Nevada
Curbside
Robert Maxson, Pres. o f U n i v e r s i t y o f Nevada
Les Raschko, D i r . o f Univ. News & P u b l i c a t i o n s
NOTE: UNLV Photographer w i l l be p r e s e n t a t t h i s
greeting.
Inside
Sen. H a r r y Reid
Hugh Ferree, Sen. Reid's Regional Rep.
Kim Bengston, Sen. Reid's LA
E r i c Johnson, Sen. Reid's Regional Manager
12:35 pm12:55 pm
HOLD
Holding Room: Meeting Room D
Phone: 702-798-6017
Fax: 702-798-6057
CLOSED PRESS
NOTE: L i g h t l u n c h w i l l be served.
12:55
pm
1:00 pm-
PROCEED TO STAGE W/Sen. Harry Reid
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 5
2:30 pm
HEALTH CARE FORUM W/Sen. Harry Reid
Board Room
Thomas and Mack Center a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f
Nevada
4505 Maryland Parkway
OPEN PRESS
ON STAGE W/ HRC:
-Sen. H a r r y Reid
-Gov. Bob M i l l e r
-Cong. James B i l b r a y
Program:
-Sen. Reid welcomes everyone & acknowledges
elected o f f i c i a l s
-Sen. Harry Reid i n t r o s . HRC
-HRC t o d e l i v e r 20 min. remarks
-HRC t o take Q & A
from t h e audience f o r
approx. 4 5 min.
-Work r o p e l i n e i n f r o n t o f stage on e x i t
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 200 people t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance: Stacey Lock
Press Advance: Peter Wolaschuk
Contact/Sen. Reid's O f c : Kim Bengston
702-474-0041
2:30 pm2:45 pm
MEET AND GREET W/Supporters/HC p r o f e s s i o n a l s
Meeting Room B
Thomas and Mack Center
CLOSED PRESS
Format: I n f o r m a l meet and g r e e t
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 35 people t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance:
Stacey Lock
Contact/Sen. Reid's O f c : Kim Bengston
702-474-0041
Contact:
Dr. E l i a s Ghanem
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 6
2:45 pm3:15 pm
INTERVIEW W/Adam Clymer, NYT
M e e t i n g Room C
Thomas and Mack C e n t e r
S t a f f Contact: Lisa
Caputo
i^S^'-^v* • v*(b)(6)
3:20 pm
DEPART Thomas and Mack C e n t e r a t U n i v e r s i t y
o f Nevada
EN ROUTE B a l l y s Casino R e s o r t
[ d r i v e t i m e : 10 m i n . ]
1
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
HRC's Limo: HRC & Sandra Thompson, Managing E d i t o r , L a s Vegas Sun
Newspaper
S t a f f Van: CRAIGHEAD, ANTONY, KINNEY
Guest Van: VERVEER, Gov. M i l l e r , Gov's s t a f f e r
Spare Sedan: CAPUTO & Adam Clymer, NYT
3:30 pm
3:35 pm4:00 pm
ARRIVE B a l l y ' s Casino R e s o r t
MEET AND GREET/OFFICIAL PHOTO
Las Vegas I , I I , I I I Room
B a l l y ' s Casino R e s o r t
CLOSED PRESS
Format: I n f o r m a l meet and g r e e t .
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 30 p e o p l e t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance:
Ashley B e l l
S t a f f C o n t a c t : Reta Lewis
456-6257
4:00 pm4:10 pm
PRIVATE MEETING
_
(b)(6)
Si.-.
.
„
Group O f r i c e 3
B a l l y ' s Casino R e s o r t
CLOSED PRESS
1
•. /^yf(b)(6)-:;.f:v
l
•"'i" - '.*l»
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 7
4:10 pm7:15 pm
D W TIME
ON
Suite
B a l l y ' s Casino Resort
NOTE: Dinner w i l l be a v a i l a b l e .
7:20 pm7:55 pm
VIP RECEPTION FOR MILLER FUNDRAISER
Las Vegas I , I I , I I I Room
B a l l y ' s Casino Resort
CLOSED PRESS
NOTE: Gov. M i l l e r ' s Photographer & WH Photographer w i l l be
present.
Format: I n f o r m a l meet and greet/photo l i n e .
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 90 people t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance: Ashley B e l l
Contact:
P a t t i Becker, Chief o f S t a f f / M i l l e r
702-687-5670 [o]
Judy K l e i n / M i l l e r
702-382-2101 [q]
••
7:55 pm8:00 pm
8:00 pm8:55 pm
v...
•
.
Campaign Ofc.
(b)(6)... •; '
HOLD W/Head Table
Group O f f i c e 3
Phone: 702-739-4135/4042
Fax: 702-739-4405 [ h o t e l f a x ]
CLOSED PRESS
FUNDRAISER FOR Gov. Bob M i l l e r
P a c i f i c Ballroom
B a l l y ' s Casino Resort
A t t i r e : Business
CLOSED PRESS
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 8
NOTE: V i d e o camera w i l l
f i l m entire fundraiser.
Format: Head t a b l e to be announced i n t o room.
Gov. Bob M i l l e r , Mrs. Sandy M i l l e r and HRC to
be announced i n t o room. Gov. M i l l e r to
welcome everyone and i n t r o HRC.
HRC to
d e l i v e r 10 min. remarks. Dinner i s s e r v e d
f o l l o w i n g HRC's remarks.
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 500 p e o p l e t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S i t e Advance:
Contact:
Ashley B e l l
P a t t i Becker, C h i e f
702-687-5670 [ o ]
of S t a f f / M i l l e r
n
' ' • ()6 • : ;7]t'J
b()
Judy K l e i n / M i l l e r Campaign O f c .
702-382-2101 [ o ]
[h
' • (b)(6) . , •. c' ] l u l a r
el
9:00 pm
DEPART B a l l y ' s Casino R e s o r t
EN ROUTE A i r p o r t
[ d r i v e t i m e : 10 m i n . ]
MOTORCADE MANIFEST:
HRC's Limo: HRC
S t a f f Van: CRAIGHEAD, CAPUTO, VERVEER, ANTONY, KINNEY
Guest Van: Gov. Bob M i l l e r , Mrs. Sandy M i l l e r , Sen. Harry R e i d ,
Cong. James B i l b r a y , Mrs. Mikey B i l b r a y
9:10 pm
ARRIVE A i r p o r t
9:15 pm [PDT]
WHEELS UP Las Vegas, NV
FBO: S i g n a t u r e A v i a t i o n
Phone: 702-739-1172
Fax: 702-739-4405
CLOSED PRESS DEPARTURE
F l i g h t Time: 4 HRS. (-3)
M a n i f e s t : HRC, CRAIGHEAD, CAPUTO, VERVEER, KINNEY, ANTONY, GOV.
MILLER and MRS. SANDY MILLER, SEN. HARRY REID, CONG. JAMES
BILBRAY and MRS. MIKEY BILBRAY, p . ^ ' y j b ) ^ . ^
Food: Heavy Snack
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1994
PAGE 9
4:15 am [EDT]
WHEELS DOWN Andrews A i r Force Base
4:20 am
DEPART Andrews A i r Force Base
EN ROUTE White House
4:40 am
ARRIVE White House South P o r t i c o
RON
The White House
FORECAST FOR LAS VEGAS, NV:
- P a r t l y c l o u d y . 50-60. Patchy r a i n , s c a t t e r e d
clouds.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
005. schedule
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
Schedule for Hillary Rodham Clinton, Final-Revised [partial] (1 page)
002/02/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number:
18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information 1(b)(1) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office ((a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
DATE: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1994
FINAL--REVISED*
Scheduling Desk:
Sara G r o t e
202-456-2922
202-456-2317
office
fax
DO6]
The White
PREV RON
12:00
House
pm
(b)(6) •
r
11
4 * * It
1:00 pm2:00 pm
PRIVATE MEETING ^ j ^ p ^ ' l b m ^ i U - ^
Diplomatic Reception Koom
CLOSED PRESS
Participants:
-HRC
•.>':>:j:.;-(bji(6)
2:00 pm2:05 pm
- ;. .
v
PRIVATE MEETING
HRC's Office
CLOSED PRESS
Participants:
-Ann Jordan
-Linda Wachner
S t a f f Contact: C a p r i c i a Marshall
456-7064
V.
2:05 pm2:30 pm
PHONE/OFFICE TIME
�t
SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1994
PAGE 2
HRC's O f f i c e
2:30 pm3:00 pm
PRIVATE MEETING
HRC's O f f i c e
CLOSED PRESS
Participants:
-Harold Ickes
- P h i l Lader
-Marsha S c o t t
Contact:
3:00 pm3:30 pm
3:30 pm3:45 pm
Marsha S c o t t
456-7610
PHONE/OFFICE TIME
HRC's O f f i c e
OFFICIAL PHOTO W/David Schuman, p o r t r a i t
a r t i s t and h i s familyLibrary
CLOSED PRESS
Format: David Schuman t o p r e s e n t HRC w i t h a
p o r t r a i t o f t h e P r e s i d e n t and F i r s t Lady.
Participants:
-Renee Fromowitz, daughter
- A l l a n Schuman, son
-Aviva Schuman, grand-daughter
-David Schuman,
artist
-Deborah F. Schuman, d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w
-Ethan Schuman, son
-Zeldag Schuman, w i f e
- H a r r i e t Tabackman, s i s t e r
Contact:
3:45 pm4:00 pm
David Schuman
410-764-0124
OFFICIAL PHOTO W/Jordan Kokich, Make-A-Wish
Child
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1994
PAGE 3
Vermeil Room
CLOSED PRESS
Format: HRC t o meet and g r e e t w i t h Jordan and
her f a t h e r .
Participants:
-Jordan Kokich, Make-A-Wish C h i l d
- C h r i s t o p h e r D a n i e l Kokich, Jordan's
Contact:
4:00 pm4:15 pm
father
Robyn V i s c o n t i
301-738-7575
OFFICIAL PHOTO W/National
Education
Library
CLOSED PRESS
Center f o r H e a l t h
Format: Dr. Merle Roy Schwarz [Roy], C h a i r ,
NCHE t o p r e s e n t HRC w i t h t h e D i s t i n g u i s h e d
S e r v i c e Award from t h e N a t i o n a l Center f o r
Health Education.
Participants:
-David Andrews, P r e s i d e n t , NCHE
- M i c h e l l e Reich, Exec. Board, NCHE
-Dr. Merle Roy Schwarz [Roy], Chair NCHE,
Exec. V.P. o f AMA
Contact:
4:15 pm4:30 pm
Harvey Sparey
212-821-8270
OFFICIAL PHOTO W/Frank D. Roosevelt, I I I
Red Room
CLOSED PRESS
Format: Frank D. Roosevelt, I I I t o p r e s e n t
HRC w i t h a bronze s c u l p t u r e o f Eleanor
Roosevelt. Tea w i l l be served.
Participants:
-Anne Helen Hess, donor t o Eleanor
Monument Fund, I n c .
Roosevelt
�SCHEDULE FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1994
PAGE 4
-Penelope Jencks, s c u l p t o r o f Eleanor
Roosevelt s t a t u e
-Martha Land, f u n d r a i s i n g c o n s u l t a n t f o r
Eleanor Roosevelt Fund, I n c .
-Lucia Woods L i n d l e y , donor t o Eleanor
Roosevelt Monument Fund, I n c .
- F r a n k l i n D. Roosevelt, I I I Eleanor
Roosevelt's grandson
-Herbert Zohn, Co-chair and founder o f
Eleanor Roosevelt Monument Fund, I n c .
Contact:
6:00 pm6:40 pm
Jerl Surratt
212-685-0113
BOSTON RECEPTION [w/The President]
Blue Room
A t t i r e : Business
CLOSED PRESS
[Optional]
Format: Photo l i n e i n Blue Room. Remarks by
the P r e s i d e n t i n Grand Foyer are o p t i o n a l .
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Approx. 100 people t o a t t e n d .
[See b r i e f i n g f o r more i n f o . ]
S t a f f Contact: Ann Stock
456-7136
7:45 pm
UPPER SCHOOL PARENT MEETING/Discussion on
Student L i f e [ O p t i o n a l ]
The Kogod A r t s Center Meeting Room
S i d w e l l F r i e n d s School
CLOSED PRESS
P a r t i c i p a n t s : Parents and s t u d e n t members o f
SADD and SAFE
RON
The White House
FORECAST FOR WASHINGTON, DC:
- P a r t l y t o m o s t l y sunny. Minimum temp. 14 t o 19. Maximum temp.
28 t o 33.
�February 1/ 1994
OFFICIAL PHOTO WITH NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
DATE:
LOCATION:
TIME:
FROM:
I.
Wednesday, February 2
Library
4:00 pm
L i z Bowyer
PURPOSE
To accept the Distinguished Service Award from the National
Center f o r Health Education, and meet b r i e f l y w i t h
representatives of the NCHE.
II.
BACKGROUND
As you know, you accepted the Distinguished Service Award v i a
s a t e l l i t e l a s t November (A copy of your remarks i s attached).
Representatives from the National Center f o r Health Education
w i l l present the award t o you personally a t t h i s o f f i c i a l photo.
The N a t i o n a l Center f o r Health Education (NCHE)
The NCHE was created i n 1975 a t the request of a special
P r e s i d e n t i a l Commission on Health Education. The Center's
mission i s t o help advocate and implement comprehensive h e a l t h
education as an i n t e g r a l p a r t of American education. The NCHE i s
a p r i v a t e , n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n t h a t aims t o have
comprehensive school h e a l t h programs implemented i n every school
i n America by the year 2000.
Growing Healthy Program
Growing Healthy, NCHE's comprehensive school h e a l t h curriculum,
i s taught t o more than one m i l l i o n students i n 41 s t a t e s
( i n c l u d i n g Arkansas) and i s considered t o be the f a s t e s t growing
comprehensive school h e a l t h education program i n the country.
The NCHE regards Growing Healthy as "a model f o r the preventive
s t r a t e g i e s t h a t should become an i n t e g r a l p a r t of the nation's
h e a l t h care reform package."
Distinguished Service Award
The award i s presented annually by NCHE f o r outstanding service
t o the h e a l t h care community. Previous winner include: Mary
Lasker, Ann Landers, Betty Ford, Jimmy Carter and Dr. Koop.
�I t i . PARTICIPANTS
David Andrews, President, NCHE
Michelle Reich, Executive Board member, NCHE
Dr. Merle Roy Schwarz (Roy), Chairman of the Board, NCHE,
Senior Vice President f o r Medical Education and Science, AMA
IV.
PRESS PLAN
Closed.
V.
*
*
*
*
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
HRC a r r i v e s
Dr. Roy Schwarz presents HRC w i t h award
O f f i c i a l photos taken
HRC departs
VI.
REMARKS
No remarks needed.
�01/08/1991 22:49
662224433
NH
CE
P G 09
AE
HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON'S ACCEPTANCE SPEECH
NCHE's DISTINGUISHED SERVICES AWARD
NOVEMBER 18,1993
Thank you all for very much. 1 am sorry that I am unable to be with you in person
this evening. 1 here is no issue that means more to me than the health and well-being of our
children and their families. I am especially honored to receive the National Center for Health
Education Distinguished Services Award. I accept it with great pride partly because of the
many illustrious Americam whom you have honored in the past. And partly because I feel so
strongly that health education and prevention of disease are the keys to better health for all
Americans. Through our efforts to reform the health care delivery system in our country, I
have come to several important conclusions, which I know you share.
We must provide health care security to all Americans at an affordable price that
provides high-quality care and that can never be taken away. As the President has said, this is
Ihe ruiidainculal leal lhai any health care plan musl have before he will sign it into law. But
there are other fundamental tests we need to pass as well. We must all take greater
responsibility for our own health, learning all we can about improving health habits, working
each day to make healthy decisions and avoiding high risk behaviors that could damage our
health and undermine our lives and productivity.
In the context of health care reform, we need to assure that we have done all we can
to make comprehensive health education aftmdamentalpart of the schools' curriculum for
children from kindergarten through high school. Children cannot leam if they are not healthy
if they have not had the benefit of good nutrition, if they do not get adequate exercise and if
they are not able to make healthy decisions. Decisions that protect them from alcohol,
tobacco, and other drug use. That protect themfiromHIV/AIDS and help avoid unintended
pregnancies, and more than ever, protect themfiromviolence and injury.
I salute the work of the National Center for Health Education. Your comprehensive
health education curriculum. Growing Healthy®, is a model for the nation. And I om proud of
the fact that Arkansas is one of the many states that has used Growing Healthy^. There, we
were able to mandate health education when we reformed the education system. 1 am also
pleased that we have included health education in the proposed health care reform package
now before the Congress. And I am proud that surgeon general. Dr. Joycelyn Elders, secretary
Shalala and secretary Reilly are all working together to promote both education and
prevention.
Each year you serve over one million students with Growing Healthy®. I commend
you on your plans to build on this success. Ihe nation needs your leadership, your experience,
and your ideas if we are to build a healthy America. I am honored to accept this award and I
look forward to working with all of you as we make better health through education a guiding
principle of health rare refonn.
�01/08/1991
22:49
662224433
NH
CE
P G 09
AE
Wc will need your help to stay with the President on behalf of insuring that every
child has universal health care coverage, that schools serve as places for health education and
information, and referral. I hope you will leam about the health care reform plan of the
President, and I hope you will engage in this great national discussion we are in the part of
now moving forward to achieve. If you help us, then the work that you have pioneered will
not just reach one million children, but all children. I know that is the best testimony any of
you could have for your involvement on behalf of health education. Let's not only have our
children growing healthy, let's have our whole country growing healthy as well. Thank you
very much.
�March 7,1994
PRIVATE MEETING WTIH THE FRENCH MINISTER OF HEALTH
DATE:
Tuesday, March 8
TIME:
11:00 am
LOCATION: Map Room
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
I.
PURPOSE
To discuss international health issues with the French Minister of Health, Dr. Philippe
Douste-Blazy (Doost Blah-zee).
H
.
BACKGROUND
See attached materials from the State Department
m.
PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Ira Magaziner
Melanne Verveer
Dr. Philippe Douste-Blazy, MD, Minister of Health
Mrs. Maryvonne Douste-Blazy, MD, spouse
Mr. Christophe LeCpurtier, Advisor, International Affairs
Mr. Pascal Chevit, MD, Counselor for Sodal Action, Embassy of France
Dr. John Boright, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Science, Technology and Health,
State Department
Dr. Sharon Hemond, note taker. State Department
Carol Wolter, interpreter. State Department
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* Informal format
V.
PRESS
Closed press.
VL
REMARKS
Talking points provided by the State Department
�03/07/94
14:21
© 2 0 2 944 6257
FRANCE SOCIAL US
F A C T S
G]002/002
O N
FRANCE
Philippe Douste-Blazy
Minister of Health
Philippe Douste-Blazy was appointed Minister Delegate of Health in the cabinet of Prime
Minister Edouard Balladur on March 30, 1993.
A member of the centrist UDF party, he was elected to the National Assembly from the
Hautes Pyr6n6es "departement" in March 1993. He was previously spokesman on health issues
for the Union of the Opposition.
Dr. Douste-Blazy has been mayor of Lourdes since March 1989 and a regional councilor
since 1993.
A physician by profession, Dr. Douste-Blazy is a former professor of epidemiology and
the economics of health care and prevention. He was national director of ARCOL (an
assodation for research into cholesterol levels and arteriosclerosis) from 1989 to 1992. He also
served as head of a cardiology clinic in Toulouse (1982 to 1986).
Philippe Douste-Blazy was bom in Lourdes (southwestern France) in January 1953 and
studied medicine at the University of Toulouse. In addition to his work in cardiology and
arteriosclerosis, he was the architect of a study, "The Epidemiological Approach to Health
Problems," and the author of a report presented at the government-sponsored symposium,
"Methodology and Promotion of Health." He also organized thefirst-eversummer university
on health at Gavamie iri June 1992.
Dr. Douste-Blazy is the recipient of several awards in medicine and a member of
numerous professional societies, including the New York Academy of Sciences.
He is married to a cardiologist.
Februray 1994
Official Biography
French Embassy Press and Infonnation Service * 4101 Resetvolt Road. N.W. Washington, DC Z0007 •:• TeL (20Z) 944-6060 Fw: (202) 944-6072
�UNCLASSIFIED
TALKING POINTS FOR MARCH 8 CLINTON/DOUSTE-BLAZY MEETING
Health care rgfprm
o
I share your concern about the importance of health care
reform and i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p to the health of our domestic
economies.
o
What are your views regarding the progress of health care
reform measures i n France?
AIDS
o
We appreciate the e f f o r t s by the Government of France i n
heightening the awareness of the AIDS issue by proposing a
meeting of senior governmental o f f i c i a l s . We agree that
improved donor country coordination w i l l enhance
i n t e r n a t i o n a l e f f o r t s t o stem the spread of HIV/AIDSj
o
The USG o f f i c i a l w i t h the key r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r
coordinating the USG p o s i t i o n on the French proposals i s
the National AIDS Policy Coordinator, K r i s t i n e Gebbie.
o
USG o f f i c i a l s believe that a June M i n i s t e r i a l i s more
f e a s i b l e than a June summit. We note, however, that the
timeframe i s s t i l l short t o prepare f o r a M i n i s t e r i a l
l e v e l meeting i n June.
o
We would l i k e t o know more about the goals and objectives
of the M i n i s t e r i a l meeting. What i s the expected
outcome? We would l i k e t o review t h i s information before
• taking a f i r m p o s i t i o n on the proposal. We look forward
to receiving the agenda, d r a f t documents, and the o f f i c i a l
i n v i t a t i o n to the M i n i s t e r i a l meeting.
o
I f undertaken, the June M i n i s t e r i a l meeting should support
the o b j e c t i v e s of other HIV/AIDS e f f o r t s already underway,
p a r t i c u l a r l y the U.N.'s cosponsored program on HIV/AIDS
and the Tenth I n t e r n a t i o n a l AIDS Conference i n Yokohama.
o
At the same time, the M i n i s t e r i a l should seek t o improve
donor coordination and t o bring high l e v e l a t t e n t i o n t o
the i n t e r n a t i o n a l AIDS issues.
o
We see the U.N.'s global strategy and the U.N.'s
co-sponsored program as the most appropriate s t r u c t u r e s
f o r coordinating the i n t e r n a t i o n a l response t o the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. We believe t h a t a conference, i f i t
does occur, could address broader issues, such as human
r i g h t s , empowerment of women, and poverty, as a means of
strengthening the e x i s t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l mechanisms and
g l o b a l strategy.
UNCLASSIFIED
�TTNCT.ASSIFIED
The U.S. opposes the establishment of a new organization
to coordinate and implement the i n t e r n a t i o n a l e f f o r t s on
HIV/AIDS. We believe the important task ahead i s t o
ensure the coordination of the work of the e x i s t i n g
i n t e r n a t i o n a l organizations.
Without a f u l l e r understanding of the goals of
November AIDS summit, the U.S. government does
have a p o s i t i o n on that proposal. Much of our
would be determined by the outcome of the June
i t occurs.
UNCLASSIFIED
a possible
not now
thinking
meeting, i f
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
n.d.
006, briefing paper U.S.-France Cooperation (2 pages)
RESTRICTION
Pl/b(l), P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number: 18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act -144 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes 1(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information 1(a)(1) of the PRA|
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
n.d.
007. briefing paper AIDS in France (2 pages)
RESTRICTION
Pl/b(l), P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer (Issue Binders)
OA/Box Number:
18536
FOLDER TITLE:
HRC Healthcare Book #6: Health Reform [1]
2006-0810-F
kel70
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information |(b)(I) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute 1(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information 1(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions 1(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells 1(b)(9) of the FOIA]
National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute 1(a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy 1(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�74
LETTER. FROM EUROPE
BAD BLOOD
Tbe plan wasfor tbe French to help hemophiliacs lead healthier lives and to dominate Europe's
blood-products market. Instead, three hundredpeople are dead of Jims, and a thousand more are dying. Four
doctors have been convicted, but the question of where ultimate guilt lies has left France divided
BY JANE KRAMER.
PARIS
A
FEW people said that the doctors wereframed.Those people
were mainly other doctors, and
they called it a case of a dishonored state
offering scapegoats to the mob—"the
Dreyfus trial of the twentieth century."
A few—among them Jean-Pierre Allain,
one of the doctors who are in prison
now—said no, it was more like the famous trial, fifty-one years ago, in Riom,
where five innocent Frenchmen stood
accused by Vichy of the fall of France,
and gave Petain his "explanation" for the
Occupation. Some people said it was a
travesty of justice because the; doctors
were answering for crimes of cynicism
and venality and pride plotted in places
as high as the Prime Minister's office,
and some said it was a travesty of justice
because no one had committed a crime
at all. Not even the judges claimed that
the exercise was anything but symbolic
Laurent Greilsamer, who wrote about it
for Le Monde, told me that maybe, to
understand it, you had to accept that justice in France was often symbolic, that
what everyone here calls LaJustice was as
particular to its country as the size,
shape, and color of a French banknote—
that it was a kind of currency, recalled in
times of doubt or crisis, on which a
proper, satisfying idea of France was
tested and stamped and put confidendy
back in circulation. He might have said
that the idea of French blood, "the blood
of France," was just as symbolic, because
in the end the scandal that came to be
known as the affaire du sang contamint—
in which four doctors, representing the
state and what was believed to be one of
its most benevolent institutions, have
now been convicted for their part in distributing AlDS-contaminated bloodprotein concentrates to hemophiliacs
back in 1985, four years into the epidemic—was less a trial of the doctors
than of the blood they sold, and of the
image of France that it contaminated
along with three hundred hemophiliacs
who have already died and a thousand
who are dying now.
When AIDS appeared in France—
seventeen French cases werereportedat
the end of 1981 by the World Health
Organization—the French called it "the
American disease." Only six months had
passed since the first case was symptomatically diagnosed and reported in San
Francisco, and the name evoked everything that France supposedly was not—
permissive, promiscuous, perverted, a
country of meat-rack morals that had
nothing to do with the way Frenchmen
led their proper, womanizing lives.
France had just elected its first Socialist
govemment since the Popular Front of
Leon Blum (who, of course, was one of
the "traitors" tried at Riom), and there
was a lot of talk about restoring the
moral, not to mention the medical,
health of the country. The politics in
Paris then were still more gatuhe baguette
than gauche caviar—which means that
the govemment was young, smug, doctrinaire, and not a little punishing, and
produced a lot of rhetoric about "the
people" and about Socialists' knowing
what was best for the people. For a
while, at least, there was a bargain
struck, and the bargain was that i f the
people were agreeable and paid their
huge new taxes and did not ask questions about why their banks and their
businesses were getting nationalized or
their children were coming home from
school reciting lessons about "American
imperialism and the social history of the
banana," the govemment would look after their innocent interests, and protect
them from American diseases, too.
The Socialists thus laid claim to the
old republican notion of the itat protecteur. They may have been arrogant in
their claim, and even (and often) wrong,
but they were clean—everybody said
so—and they were going to stand between the people and anybody tiying to
harm the people or hustle the people or
simply disregard the people. Even
Frenchmen who hated the Socialists and
their plans for France tended to believe
that for a while, at l^ast, there would be
less political scandal and wild financial
fraud than in the days when Georges
Pompidou was handing half of Paris
over to developers and Valery Giscard
d'Estaing was putting a billionfrancsof
public money into a plane that could
"snifP offshore oil deposits from ten
thousand feet in the air.
Part of the republican notion of a
protector state had to do with what you
might call the "equality" of French
blood. The "sang impur (of aristocrats
and priests and other degenerates of the
ancien regime) that for two centuries has
flowed, unsingable, through the ditches
in "La Marseillaise" was supposed to
have been the last bad blood in France.
Once it was spent, there was, presumably, only "the people's blood": all of it
good, because the people were good; all
of it equal, because the people were
equal; all of it held, as it were, in common, because the people were a community, a unity, indivisible under the calm
and perfect scrutiny of their protector
state. The equality of French blood
meant that in the spring of 1985, when
Michel Garretta, the director of the
Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine—which held a monopoly on forty per cent of the blood and plasma
products sold in France—made the decision to sell off his contaminated lots
of the blood-coagulant concentrates
called Factor VIII and Factor DC before
switching to heated, uncontaminated
products, every hemophiliac who used
those products had an "equal" chance of
p
�Hi
!
75
b'^^ontaminated. The equality of blood. In 1985, not many Frenchmen of their own bizarre and credulous
^ ^ ^ ^ • p l o o d meant that it was illegal in knew that when the stock ran low here identity.
):!^^Hb give blood for your own use or they got plasma that had been purto have yourfriendsor family give blood chased abroad, or blood that had been
1
fcR. MICHEL GARRETTA became the
for you, or even to know the name or the collected from people who would never
director of the Centre National
identity or the medical history of a be asked to the Elysee on "donors' da/* de Transfusion Sanguine in September
stranger whose blood you used, because to receive a medal from the President, of 1984. He was by most accounts not a
anonymity was the legal expression of but that was the reality. The reality, in pleasant man. He was a persuasive man,
that equality. I t is a principle that few 1985, was that more than half a million and when he wanted something he
Frenchmen ever stop to question, even other people were replenishing the could be seductive, but nobody called
now, and even when they violate it. It blood of France—people who were not him nice, even then. Most people said
doesn't really matter ifyou call that prin- benivoles by anybod/s standards but "charming but abrasive." Some said
ciple "republican," the way the Socialists bums and junkies and hungry students "temperamental." A few said "megalodo, or "Christian," as many French and African workers and prison in- maniac." Garretta was forty when he
Catholics prefer
took over the Cento (saying that a
ter, and he does
Frenchman gives
not look much
blood "in the humdifferent now from
ble and anonythe way he looked
mous spirit" of
at forty. He is wiry
Christ's sacrifice).
and slight, with
In France, to quessharp dark eyes
tion the quality of
and a head of thick
French blood, freebrown hair. He
ly given (it is illewears a bushy and
gal to sell it), is
. improbably dapper
taj|^KDunt to ormustache. He is a
r'^^^Bour comlittle gaunt, a little
i ^ t m v n n e fiom
drawn, after a year
Chateau Latour
in prison, but at
instead of taking
his appeal this sumyour chances with
mer it was noted
the vin de table
that he had kept the
available at the
mustache, which
railing. When AIDS
had been his tradeappeared in France,
mark among the
it encountered a
more decorous docmystique of purity
tors of the French
that would suremedical establishly have appeared
ment. I t was the
misguided, i f not
trademark of a
insane, to any
whole generation
Frenchman who
Jean-Pierre Allain (left) and Michel Garretta, both of the Centre National
of French eighties
1 observed it next
de Transfusion Sanguine, are serving timefor their roles in the distribution of
entrepreneurs on a
; door, in Germany.
what were known to be AlDS-contaminated blood concentrates.
fast track to the
» Officially, the blood of France was
top of their professions. When Garretta
j represented by an association of eight mates who contributed to what in
was on trial, the only other man in the
< hundred thousand men and women proper theological fashion was called la
courtroom with a mustache like that was
i who were always described, collectively, collecte, as if it were a church offering, in
exchange for a cup of coffee and a sand- his lawyer. Garretta had never claimed
\ as the benivoles. The bin&voles were the
to be an ordinary doctor. He was not a
• amateurs of sacrifice; they gave their wich. The reality, in 1985, was that
practitioner or a researcher or, as it turns
: blood as often as the law and their tested, treated blood proteins from, say,
out, much of an administrator. His inh | A ^ ( a s they perceived their health) Austria or the United States were safer
terest in medicine, such as it was, was in
and were much celebrated and for a seven-year-old boy with hemothe business of medicine. He was not a
^ B K e d by the government for it, philia than blood proteins whose only
Socialist, but he shared something with
aiic, while they did not exactly encour- imprimatur was "Made in France." The
the Socialists—an ambition for French
age the mystique, they were the source reality was that politicians lie and docdominance disguised as French promiof a certain confusion in the public tors are greedy and bureaucrats craven,
and that people who believe that the nence. The board of the Center, which
S mind about the difference between
named him after a notably bitter batde,
£ good blood and good intentions. In the blood of France flows to higher, nobler
spoke of him less often as a doctor than
a public mind, bad blood was bought rules than the blood of eveiybody else's
country are apt to become the victims as an "industrialist." The people who
D
• i i.i
I
\ • I r •
�THE NEW YOftKER, OCTOBER 11,1993
76
"Fantastic crucifix!'
wanted him for the job (they included
the retiring director and the old board
chairman) wanted him because he was
an industrialist: they thought he could
turn the Center into the most important
blood-production company in Europe,
and replace the big American companies
like Baxter Travenol on the European
market. The people who didn't want
him (they included the new board chairman) didn't want him because, as far as
they were concemed, he belonged in one
of those American companies, talking
high turnover and high technology, and
not in charge of a public trust that was
the guarantor of the blood of France for
• nearly half of France's population. His
salary was enormous—more than a million francs a year by the time he left,
which was twice what the Prime Minister earned—but his selling point was
that he was not a bureaucrat or a politi-
cian, like the Prime Minister. He was an
industrialist with a product, and that
product was like any other product.
Properly managed, it could create and
control its market.
The Centre National de Transfusion
Sanguine was a curious institution, with
nothing, really, in its charter to discourage an industrialist. Legally, it was a
nonprofit public trust. It was underwritten by the state, and the state was represented on its board, but, at the same
time, it was independent in its operation
and its functions. Garretta answered essentially to himself. He was accountable—to his board, to the govemment—
only insofar as the director of an
ordinary pharmaceutical company would
have been accountable. His Center was
supposed to be self-supporting and lawabiding and safe. He had to negotiate
the cost of the services and products that
the Center offered—the big transfusion
center off the Place Cambronne, and the
blood and the plasma products like Factor VIII—with the Social Security office,
which reimbursed it. He had to account
for the quality of those products and
services to the Director General of
Health, who is a kind of French surgeon
general, and to the National Laboratory
of Health, which is a French version of
the Food and Drug Administration. But
the Center itself was not what the
French call universitaire. It produced its
own research and determined its own
protocols, and even, as it turns out, its
own operating ethics, independent of
any of the Paris university-hospital research labs or clinics and, for that matter, independent of the review board at
the National Institute of Health and.
Medical Research, which usually authorizes, approves, ai^d funds French test
treatments and medical-research projects. Garretta himself had never been
universitaire. He was known to have no
patience with the system, which was bureaucratic and very political. He had
gone to work at the Center as soon as he
finished medical school, in 1972, and
had only left the Center once, for a year
of management school. By 1981, he was
the deputy director in charge of all the
CentePs commercial ventures. He had a
veryfreehand. The old director—a doctor named Jean-Pierre Soulier, who had
been at the Center for thirty years—was
paterfamilias to the binevoles. He was
mainly interested in blood banks. He left
the blood markets to Garretta.
EAN-PlERRE ALLAIN—the doctor who
talked about Riom—was the senior
scientist at the Centre National de
Transfusion Sanguine. He was not
much older than Garretta—he is fiftyone now—but in every other way he was
Garretta's antithesis. He was rumpled
and professorial, with a pleasant round
face and a shock of brown hair that kept
falling on his forehead. He listened to
Mozart and was passionate about science (he was married to a scientist), and
he loved playing tennis. It was said that
the only thing that could tempt Allain
out of his laboratory was the prospect of
a good game. When I met him in June,
during his appeal, he was camped out
with one of his sons in a flat on the
Place Dauphine; there were mattresses
on the floor, and papers all over the
�TAINTED BY INDUSTRY
place, and the television was tuned to
t} ^ • ^ n c h Open. He was going to
v ^ ^ ^ A i l e the judges had lunch.
^ j ^ P n was by training a hematologist,
with a specialty in hemophilia. He ran
the research-and-development side of
the Center—his tide was deputy director
in charge of research—and directed its
clinical studies, but, unlike Garretta, he
was also a practicing physician, with
twenty-two hemophiliacs in his care,
and, unlike Garretta, he had a reputation
in his field. He and Garretta didn't get
along. Garretta was "hot and arrogant,"
one of the lawyers at their trial told me,
and Allain was "cool and arrogant"—by
which she meant that Garretta worked
people and Allain worked microscopes,
and that each thought the other had
made a stupid choice. Allain supposedly
wanted the job Garretta got in 1984. By
then, their relations were more selfserving than collegial. By the time they
came to trial, in 1992, they despised
each other so deeply (and blamed each
other so thoroughly) that they sat togetheron the defendants' bench and
nev^^^^ianged a word. What they
^HBanything, was ambition. Both
of u ^ ^ n a d wanted something exceptional out of their time at the blood center. Garretta had wanted to turn French
blood into a European industry—the
government had built him a big new
processing factory in Les Ulis, fifteen
miles outside Paris—and to put the
Center in joint ventures in Europe and
America, where it would make money
developing collagen and transfusion kits
and plasma concentrates for the growth
of scartissue.Allain had wanted to get
on with his research, and to command
the funds for that research and a pool of
patients on which to test his theories.
A few of the Paris hematologists and
virologists say now that they never "approved" of Allain. They resented the fact
that he "came from industry," like
Garretta—he had worked at Abbott
Pharmaceuticals, in Chicago, in the
nineteen-seventies, and he went back to
Abbott for a couple of years after he left
the Center, in 1986—but this did not
s t o p ^ ^ B f them ftom joining his variou5 ^^^^B-research protocols on hemophL/^^ntributing their own hospital
laboratories, and adding their patients to
the list of patients Allain saw in Paris or
supervised at an in-patient children's
clinic in the suburbs, in La Queue lez
77
Yvelines. They complain now about his
manner. They say he was "difficult," and
never told them what, precisely, he was
working toward, or what he was tiying
to compare in his protocols, or what
kinds of blood products eveiybody else's
patients were getting. They say he was
"mysterious," even after the H.I.V.
retrovirus was isolated and identified,
and it was clear that it was a virus and
transmitted by blood—even after it was
clear that heating blood concentrates like
Factor V I I I killed that virus. Main's
protocols were coded, though once they
were published some of the researchers
saw a pattern beyond the usual pattern
of testing the innocuity and then the
efficacy of a product. The pattern
seemed to suggest that Allain was testing a theory of sur-contamination and
immunization. He had reason to believe
that AIDS was multi-factorial; that is,
that the acquired-immunodeficiency
syndrome came not from one retrovirus
but from what virologists call "opportunistic viruses," attracted to or encouraged
by seropositivity, or not even from viruses at all. The researchers say now, in
retrospect, that Allain was trying to
prove that the retrovirus could ftinction
like a vaccine, and end up stimulating
antibodies to produce immunity in the
hemophiliacs who received it. This, alas,
is not what happened.
They did not say that the risks were
different from the statistical risks you
took when you crossed the street and
"risked" being run over by a car, or even
when you tested medicine that you
thought was good but that could be
harmful. They thought that if they were
on trial, then the Health Secretary and
the Minister for Social Affairs, and even
the Prime Minister—all of whom were
also dans le doute—should be on trial,
too, and so, for that matter, should their
medical advisers, and eveiy doctor who
had sent a hemophiliac home with a vial
of Fartor VHI, and even the hemophiliacs running the French Hemophiliacs
Association, who knew the literature
and ignored it.
The French code of medical ethics,
which, as doctors, they were bound to
follow, says that doctors in doubt do not
risk lives unless they are acting in emergencies, trying to save those livis, or
unless their patients agree with a
"consentement e'claire." The truth was that
most of the hemophiliacs getting AIDScontaminated plasma concentrates in
1985 were not in danger—except, of
course, from those concentrates. Nor
had they consented to be put in danger.
The hemophiliacs were getting their
concentrates for home use, as prophylaxis—"comfort products," the French
called them. They were part of a program—a marketing as well as a medical
A T their trial, Allain and Garretta program, and somewhat contested by
J L I . claimed that they were dans le the experts in other countries—to prodoute, that in 1985 everybody was in vide hemophiliacs, and espedally hemodoubt—about the disease, about how it philiac children, with normal lives by
spread, about how many seropositive pa- building up their coagulant capacities
tients actually got it, and about how before acddents happened, and sending
many of those patients would actually them off (to much publicity) on ski trips
die. They knew they were taking risks, and sports holidays. Their parents welbut "statistical risks," with their un- comed the program and, in fact, had
healed concentrates. The doctors on trial fought for the program, but it is unlikely
with them—Jacques Roux, the Director that any parent whose son is dying now
General of Health in 1985, and Robert would have agreed to risk his life, even
Netter, the director of the National "statistically," for the sake of a few
Laboratory of Health—knew that they tumbles on the beginners' slopes at
were also taking "statisticalrisks."They Chamonix.
did not say that those risks were more
like certainties, because the unheated
THIRTY-YEAR-OLD hemophiliac
concentrates were known to be contaminamed Christian Garvanoff delivnated and at least potentially harmfid. ered the first complaint in the affaire du
sang to the Paris Tribunal on April 4,
1987. The complaint was quickly dismissed by the General Prosecutor, and
Christian died of AIDS on February 19,
1992, four months before the case finally
came to trial. His brother Gabriel had
A
1
.1
;
; • I;
�78
already died, but a third brother—a half
brother—was still alive, and this brother,
Jean Peron Garvanoff, had kept filing
charges until the prosecutor ordered an
investigation, and the process known
here as an imtruction started. Jean Peron
Garvanoff used to play jazz piano. Back
when his name was simply Jean Peron—
before he added Garvanoff, "in solidarity^ with his half brothers—he worked
the jazz clubs with a famous French
drummer known as Moustache, and
started talking music with Dr. Allain.
The brothers were all patients of Allain's,
but Peron Garvanoff considered himself
a special patient—if not a friend at least
"a friend in music," because Dr. Allain
liked music and had invited Jean to play
the piano when he and his wife entertained. Jean learned from Allain in August of 1985 that he was seropositive. In
1987, he learned that he and Christian
had been subjects in one of the Allain
research protocols: it followed the effects
of different heated and unheated blood
concentrates on four hundred and five
hemophiliacs during the period between
September, 1983, and March, 1984. Jean
says that at the time neither of them
knew they were part of any protocol It
is a "betrayal" that haunts him. He is dying now, and he blames Allain—for himself and for his wife, who has AIDS, too.
Jean Peron Garvanoff lives in Nemours. It is fifty miles from Paris—an
hour's drive on the A6—but he came to
every session of the trial, which began in
June of 1992, and all but one session of
the appeal, which was heard this spring
and summer. He had been waiting more
than four years. He does not say "waiting
since 1988," which is when he filed the
suit that made him a dvil party to the
prosecution. He says, "waiting since the
year before Francis Mitterrand awarded
the Legion of Honor to Michel Garretta
for 'exceptional services' to French medidne." By the time of the appeal, he was
much weakened by the disease. He told
me that he "owed it to Christian," and to
what he called "la mimoire" to be in the
courtroom every day, sitting quietly, listening, nodding, swallowing pills when
his pain was bad, making notes in a trembling hand, and occasionally, when the
arguments for the defense distressed him,
shouting "Assassins!" at the doctors. As
he weakened, his shouts were more like
whispers ih the courtroom. Peron Garvanoff is a big man, and he displayed
LOCAL JUPEHSTITION
0 my old night house.
1 walk your property again
under five white stars
to see my rusted fence, my rock,
my maple tree—still there,
still chillingly legitimate.
Deer in the dark
move along the wood line
like the ghosts of debutantes
who've died violently and don't remember.
In my pocket your keys
on the galvanized ring,
hard old shiners
dying to be used.
I'm tired of their obsessive pleading.
I won't go through your doors,
afraid as I am of the dogs,
the basement. She's in there,
accusatory, sad,
sitting with her 12-gauge shotgun .
and her big tin pots.
What about the analyst,
that expensive friend
who'd intercede for a fee?
What will he do with his candle,
stuck on the first step
down into your storm cellar,
a Grendel waiting for him,
prehistorically hungry?
No need to summon the professionals.
No remuneration
for hankering around the night house.
I crouch judidously behind my rock
redting weird Norwegian names
to drive off the doppelganger.
Will her voice come back tonight
to this periphery?
I used to swear I'd follow her
to caves in the Carpathian Mountains,
that I'd bear up
under the rain-heavy docks of the world
like a human cantilever.
But even this last vow
has fetched up on nails.
—JOHN FOY
�nr
LE PEN'5 I5JUE
the curious, soft frailty of big men who tionai practices its own rupture; it wants
have lost their force. He looked dimin- to convince the French that AIDS is a
'shed, as i f he were sitting in his own kind of medical miscegenation—a plot
i
low. It was obvious how much effort by leftists and foreigners to degrade the
is trips to Paris cost him, but he al- race and poison the blood of innocent
ways arrived dressed in a jacket and tie. Frenchmen. The year that Christian
On July 13th, the sweltering day when Garvanoff filed his first complaint,
Andre Cerdini—the president of the Le Pen was on the hustings with a plan for
Thirteenth Chamber of the Paris Court putting foreigners with AIDS into camps
of Appeals and the judge who six years (the camps are an idea he shares with
earlier had sentenced Klaus Barbie in Fidel Castro) until they were deported or
Lyons—read the appeal verdict, he had died, and a Front National doctor went
added a winter scarf. He kept his vigil, public with the news that the disease was
but he never promoted himself, the way "secreted" through African sweat and
some of the other plaintiffs did, by African tears and then carried to Frenchlooking for reporters or passing out men by mosquitoes. The year that Jean
documents or trying to sell their stories. Peron Garvanoff got his lawyer, there
People in the courtroom liked him for were posters on walls all over France—
his courtesy, and his patience, which they were traced to the Party's printer—
over the years of waiting never frayed.
which featured a torch with aflameof
He had trouble with lawyers. At first, letters that spelled out "Socia/isme, Immino one he asked would take his case— gration, Dilinquance, Affairisme," for
not even the famous courtroom nihilist SIDA, the French acronym for AIDS.
Jacques Verges, who had represented
Barbie and (among others) the terrorist
ARNAUD MARTY-LAVAUZELLE, a gay
George Ibrahim Abdallah. Verges once ± \ . psychiatrist who is the president
told me that he offered himself to any of an advocacy group for people with
client who fitted the strategy he called AIDS, says that Le Pen in fact offered to
cuer
tture—by which he meant a client pay the costs of any hemophiliac who
lose case would expose the hypocrisies went to court. By the end of the trial,
of the French elite and shatter the social sixty-five dvil suits were attached to the
and political equilibrium. But when prosecution, and more than twenty lawyers
Peron Garvanoff asked him he said no. were involved, and there were rumors
By the time of the trial, Peron Garvanoff that some of those suits had indeed been
had been through six lawyers, who liked underwritten by the Front National The
the publicity but not the work, and
seem to have treated him with condescension, i f not contempt—"like
a terrorist myself," he says—because
they couldn't imagine anyone connected with the blood of France behaving badly. The lawyers who
stayed interested in Jean Peron
Garvanoff were lawyers who saw
the case to some political advantage.
In 1991, Verges wrote Peron Garvanoff to say that he had "reconsidered," but by then Peron Garvanoff
had stopped looking on the left and
had accepted the offer of an exdeputy from the Front National
The lawyer's name was GeorgesPaul Wagner, and he was the
Party's lawyer, as well as Jean-Marie
^ f l H L e Pen's lawyer. Peron Garvanoff
I fl^Hked him. He says, " I was reassured
^ ^ ^ h a t finally I had found a lawyer
who would fight to the end." And
Wagner was clearly interested in
Peron Garvanoff. The Front Na•rf
79
connection distressed AIDS activists, who
worry about anything that divides AIDS
victims—in the victims' minds and, especially, in the public mind—into "good
victims" and "bad victims," or, more accurately, into innocent victims, like the
hemophiliacs, who didn't "deserve" to be
infected, and guilty victims, like MartyLavauzelle himself, who by implication
deserved the AIDS they got, or, at least,
brought it on themselves. It was a worry
much encouraged by the popular press,
which discovered in the scandal all the
ingredients of thefaits divers that French
people like to follow—beautiful dying
children, grieving parents, chilly villains,
and a disease of dark, carnal origin corrupting innocent French blood. The activists daimed that the coverage had very
little to do with the hemophiliacs or
their cause. They said it had to do with
xenophobia and with homophobia—with
making people afraid—and with exploiting a common confusiori between race
and nation. Last spring, in Nice, Le Pen
put a hemophiliac with AIDS on the Front
National list.of candidates—an official
innocent Frenchman contaminated by
Socialism, immigration, delinquency, and
profiteering. The candidate lost, having
litde but his disease to recommend him.
But the Sodalists lost more. They lost
their majority and, with it, the government,
and they lost in large part because of
scandals involving an abuse of the public
�80
trust—the one thing they had promised
to eliminate.
The affaire du sang contamini was
only one of those scandals. But it was
certainly the most dramatic and the
most painful, and it lasted the longest.
People called it the most shocking example of Socialist cynicism and neglect
in the twelve years of Frangiois M i t terrand's Presidency. The right, of
course, was happy to stand back and let
fanatics hang posters and see the Socialists shamed. The right made a great
deal of the fact that the Socialists who
could be said to have colluded in the
distribution of contaminated blood—
Laurent Fabius, who was Prime Minister in 1985, and his Health Secretary
and his Social Affairs Minister—were
not on trial. I t did not much matter
that the people who -were on trial , had
never been Sodalists, then or now. The
right beat the Socialists without losing
a single seat in the Assembly to the
Front National, and then most politicians on the right stopped accusing the
Socialists of anything more than bad
judgments dans le doute, which was
pretty much what the Sodalists had decided to say about themselves. Most
people on the right figured, reasonably,
that, i f they succeeded in punishing the
Socialists, the Socialists would find a
way to hold them to account for their
old scandals.
name of Anne-Marie Casteret started
publishing stories so incriminating that
some sort of investigation was inevitable.
Georges Holleaux had five clients,
among them a young hemophiliac who
had actually stayed for a while at the
AHains' house and had been a subject in
one of the doctor's protocols. That hemophiliac may also have felt "betrayed"
by Allain, but Holleaux says that, being
a practical man, he himself was less interested in the ambiguities of betrayal
than in winning cases. He accepted the
fact that the court was refusing, and
would probably go on refusing, to consider the kinds of charges that most of
the hemophiliacs wanted. He accepted
that no one was going to be tried for
poisoning or for manslaughter, or for
any other crime that could by definition
be extended to indude. the medical advisers from Laurent Fabius's 1985
Cabinet and even, at the level of a High
Court of deputies and senators (the
only way a French politician can be
called to account for crimes or misdemeanors committed in national office),
to Fabius and the ministers themselves.
He started studying the case, and eventually came up with an old law, written
in 1905 to cover the misdemeanor of
merchandising fraud—tromferie sur la
marchandise—and amended in 1978 to
include all medical products and services. He says now that, as far as he was
concerned, people like Peron Garvanoff,
There was never much protest about talking about assassins and la mimoire,
the way the Socialists managed their were beside the point of practical jusscandal—not even when, in 1989, they tice. Practical justice meant indicting
tried to stop the scandal in its tracks by the men who had actually sold the conoffering a hundred thousand francs to taminated blood, and who, as producers
any hemophiliac with AIDS who agreed and "merchandisers," would not be able
to renounce all claims against the state to hide behind the argument that they
and signed a paper saying he would not had been waiting for stop orders from
press charges. Nearly all the hemophili- Laurent Fabius's Cabinet. Holleaux
acs—a thousand of them—did sign. looked at his copy of the Code Penal
Two years later, the courts recognized and thought, he told me, "A lawyer
the finandal responsibility of the state in could do something interesting with
the blood scandal, and eventually an that old law." In the fall of 1991, ten
indemnifaction law was passed, making years after the first reported case of
the old agreement invalid.
AIDS and four years after the first
French hemophiliacs filed their comERON GARVANOFF did not sign, plaints at the Tribunal, Jean-Pierre
and neither did the hemophiliacs Allain and Michel Garretta were inrepresented by a Paris lawyer named dicted for the misdemeanor of merchanGeorges Holleaux, who had filed the dising fraud. For good measure—symonly really serious charge that the Tribu- bolic measure, since it was probably as
nal, under tadt i f not explicit pressure high and as far as the prosecutor dared
Ffrom the government, was likely to ac- to go in accusing anybody from the govcept once the scandal broke—or, more ernment—the court added Peron Garaccurately, once the hemophiliacs started vanoffs charge of "non-assistance to perdying and a medical journalist by the
P
j
.
,
—
„
_
sons in danger" and indicted Robert
Netter and Jacques Roux.
It was said at the time that the Sodalists considered Netter and Roux "expendable"—Netter being a bureaucrat
with no particular political connections,
and Roux being an old Communist with
connections that the Sodalists wanted to
forget. By then, the Socialists had agreed
to agree that~' the system" hadn't
worked, that the system was dysfunctional and sloppy, and whatever dse they
called it, but then the system was not on
trial, and neither were most of the
people who claimed, with Georgina
Dufoix, who had been Minister for Social Affairs in 1985, that dans le doute
they were "responsible but not guilty." It
was not a distinction that meant much
to the hemophiliacs, for whom the fact
remained that those people knew the
blood lots at the Centre National de
Transfusion Sanguine were contaminated. In July of 1985, the Prime Minister probably knew and Mme. Dufoix
certainly knew and so did Edmond
Hervd, the Health Secretary. Their
medical advisers knew, and most of the
AIDS researchers in the countiy knew,
and many of the doctors treating hemophiliacs knew. And while those people
discussed the problem, at length, among
themsdves, and even argued about the
problem, no one with the power to stop
the sale of contaminated blood stopped
it, and no one without the power to stop
it quit a job in protest, or talked to the
press, or warned a patient until it was
much too late to have saved his life.
u
T
HE statute of limitations on the
misdemeanor called tromperie sur
la marchandise is three years, which
means that, for the purposes of a trial,
the period of fraud at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine began
on March 21, 1985—three years to the
day before the General Prosecutor accepted Georges Holleaux's deposition
and turned over the dossiers to a juge
d 'instruction, with orders to open an investigation—and ended on October 1,
1985, when the distribution of contaminated blood stopped. By French law,
the examining judge—her name was
Sabine Foulon—had her choice of investigators. She called on Lieutenant
Colond Jean-Louis Recordon, the man
in charge of the criminal-investigation
unit at the Gendarmerie Nationale, and
the Colonel, as he puts it, started "track-
�82
ing" the French medical establishment.
Recordon is a legendary Paris sleuth.
He worked on the affaire du sang the
way he worked on all his cases—with
the assumption that everyone he met
was harboring guilty secrets. He took no
one at his word. He had what one of the
doctors called "an alarming enthusiasm
for his job." He liked talking to reporters, though he never went on the record
with his information, and it was said
that a lot of that information actually
came from them. He talked to reporters
about the day he arrested the collaborator Paul Touvier in Nice,
and about the day he discovered
the Noriegas running fake French
champagne from Cuba to the
United States, and about the day
he broke the French connection of
the Japanese mafia, and when he
hadfinishedinvestigating the doctors he talked about the day he refused
to be taken in by Michel Garretta's
charm. His investigation lasted three
years, and people say that it was often
blocked at the Tribunal by (or, at least,
because of) the politicians involved in
the affair. Once, it was blocked for
nearly a year. It unblocked when AnneMarie Casteret got hold of the minutes
of a meeting at the Center in May of
1985 at which Garretta decided to keep
his contaminated Factor V I I I on the
market; she printed extracts in the
weekly L'£vtnement du Jeudi. The investigation took Recordon to Austria,
where Garretta had been negotiating
with a blood company called Immuno
for a transfer of heating technology, and
to America, where Garretta later put
money in companies with Center connections. The Colonel says he had no
trouble collecting evidence—even evidence as to who was dans le doute about
AIDS in March of 1985 in the rest of the
medical world. A lot of doctors arc not
so sure. The doctors think that the idea
of asking a gendarme to evaluate
scientific doubt, as if it were a protection
racket or a bag of crack, was fairly criminal itself. The court did not call any expert witnesses on its own behalf.
Roux had kept his records. Those files
had been emptied. He says, " I wanted to
be correct," but he really had no access to
the kinds of papers that might have explained why the govemment was at the
very least collusive; why no one ordered
Michel Garretta to switch to heated
stock, the way the Genman Health Minister had ordered his producers to switch,
after a conference in the summer of
1984 had made it clear that commercial
blood lots filled by collects were by then,
and almost by definition, contaminated;
or why, once Garretta had to heat,
no one stopped him from selling
off the stock he had. It was obvious
to the Colonel that, while he had
the authority "to ask politely" (his
words) for those papers, he had no
authority to walk in and take what
he wanted. The ministers were immune, and their medical advisers,
as such, had no legal identity or status.
Legally speaking, they were those ministers—the French say "emanations" of
those ministers—and this meant that
from the point of view of a policeman
looking for a piece of paper the advisers
were immune, too. Some people said
that Recordon was "too polite," and
wondered why. But not many politicians
did, except, in a manner of speaking,
Fabius, who at one point asked to waive
his immunity and offered himself up to
"ordinary justice" in order to clear his
name. Most politicians here defended
what they called "the principle" of immunity. They argued that their extraordinary privilege was "in the interests of
the democracy"; that because it dated
from the Revolution it was a "revolutionary idea"; that it was an "expression"
of the separation of judicial and political
powers. (Other people said that die horrible irony of the affaire du sang was that
while the hemophiliacs had lost their
immunity the politicians kept theirs.)
The politicians thought that the voters
of France were their courtroom—their
only appropriate courtroom. They said
that "the translation of political into penal responsibility" would put them at the
mercy of the masses and cripple their
freedom to make decisions for the
The Colonel did not go into the files people. They had a peculiarly Leninist
at the Prime Minister's office or into the notion of their privilege, if they were on
various files where the logs and calendars the left, and, i f they were on the right,
and correspondence of Fabius's ministers an almost monarchist notion. I t
and their medical advisers were stored. amounted to the same notion, only the
He looked at the files at the Direction politicians didn't say "vanguard" or "arisG^nerale de la Sant6, where Jacques
THE NEW YORKER, OCTOBER II, 1993
tocracy" when they were describing
themselves. They said "the political
class."
After three years of investigation,
Recordon and his juge d'instruction were
left with what he calls "four incontestably responsible" people to recommend
for indictment and one "maybe responsible"—a doctor named Bahman
Habibi, who had been in charge of distribution at the Centre National de
Transfusion Sanguine and had signed an
order that Garretta dictated in July of
1985, instructing his distributors to continue selling their contaminated stock to
seropositive hemophiliacs until the stock
was gone. Dr. Habibi was not, in the
end, indicted, although he was dted often in the appeal's verdict. Certainly, the
verdict itself—four years in prison for
Dr. Garretta; four years, two of them
suspended, for Dr. Allain; four years, all
of them suspended, for Dr. Roux; and a
one-year suspended sentence for Dr.
Netter, who had actujllly been acquitted
in 1992—did not resolve the problem of
the affaire du sang. Even the examining
judge had said that she could have indicted a hundred people, or no one at all.
Two doctors went to prison, but nobody
answered the questions people in France
were asking about why the affaire du
sang happened or in whose interest it
happened. Nobody enlightened anybody
else about the deals struck or the ambitions served or the silence purchased
long before March 21,1985, when, from
the point of view of the law, the four
doctors and the honor of France parted
company.
P
EOPLE talking about the affaire du
sang rarely start where the law
does. They start in 1981, when the first
AIDS cases were reported and, as Colonel
Recordon puts it, "all the French kids
who had gone to Kathmandu, shot
heroin, had homosexual experiences
said, 'Not us, it's only Americans who
get it.'" Or they start in February of
1983, when Luc Montagnier, at the
Institut Pasteur, announced the isolation
of the AIDS virus, and the govemment,
which had tended to ignore the people
at Pasteur, began to suspect that this was
the discovery that would bring back
some of the scientific glory France had
known in the days of the Curies, and of
Pasteur himself. Or they start a few
months later, when Laurent Fabius be-
�AT WAR. WITH AMERICAN .SCIENCE
came Prime Minister and took an. old
^director of Pasteur, Francois Gros, as his
ief scientific adviser, and glory ben to become a policy, a "France for
the French" project for Pasteur (and, indeed, for the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine) that was not so different from the policy the Socialists
pursued when they tried to ban Englishlanguage abstracts in their scientific
journals. The idea of "scientific selfsufficiency," as the Socialists called it,
was something that translated quickly
and directly into a declaration of war
against American science, for everything
from prestige and prizes to publications
and markets, and the war was joined in
May of 1984, when Robfert Gallo published a photograph of Montagnier's virus in Science, and claimed that he had
isolated the virus, too, in his Washington lab.
ft
AIDS researchers here tended to welcome the war. They said that French
science had been a "colony^ of American
science for much too long, and there
must have been some truth in that, bemse the government really started to
[pport their work only after the American Secretary of Health and Human
Services, announcing the Gallo "discovery," thanked the people at Pasteur. (It
was almost an afterthought.) Part of the
war—the project for scientific selfsufficiency—involved the blood factory
that the government was building for
Michel Garretta in Les Ulis. Garretta's
factory was going to turn France into a
"superpower of the blood world." I t was
going to revolutionize the treatment of
hemophilia. It was going to replace the
oyoprecipitates that used to be prepared
in local transfusion centers—using the
blood of local benevoles and the fairly
homespun methods of local doctors—
with industrial concentrates, massproduced in lots of five thousand units,
and sold not only at home but all over
Europe. France's comfort products were
going to comer the market, although the
govemmeint never talked publicly about
markets; the government talked about
Brussels and a European Community.
JOru
:ctive for "self-sufficiency" in blood,
'o this end, it had withdrawn the permission to import from every other
blood-processing transfusion center in
the country—there were seven in all, including Garretta's—and given Garretta
an import monopoly on all the foreign
83
plasma and plasma products used in
France.
Garretta, as it happened, was on very
good terms with the American blood
companies. From 1988 until 1991, Haemonetics, in Boston, paid him twelve
thousand dollars a year just for sitting on
its board, and provided him with stock
options; he took twenty-seven thousand shares. One of Garretta's boites de
recherche—the research labs in which he
invested Center money—was in America,
too. (Last year, a reporter at Liberation
claimed that the money in that boite had
"evaporated," which led her to conclude
that Garretta's investments were something of a "screen.") Garretta was even
on good terms with Baxter Travenol's
subsidiary Hyland Therapeutics, which
started heating its plasma products in
May of 1983. Company officials wrote
to Garretta to let him know they were
heating. They warned him about contamination in unheated products.
Baxter Travenol had begun to test
heated plasma concentrates in 1978, because of the risk of hepatitis B—"serum
hepatitis"—in transfusions. (Hepatitis
A, or "infectious hepatitis," is a milder
illness, and is rarely transmitted by
blood.) Scientists at the company discovered that by heating the concentrates
at a hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit for seventy-two hours they
effectively killed the virus for hepatitis B,
and eventually—almost incidentally—
they discovered that they killed the AIDS
retrovirus, too. Their letter to Garretta
arrived at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine two and a half years before Garretta switched his own factory
to heated products. It was a form letter,
and it turned out to be something of an
exaggeration, since the company was still
selling unheated products to Japan in
1985. (The Japanese wanted their own
monopoly on heated products.) It
offered, at a cost of thirty per cent less
than the cost of the unheated plasma
products available in France, to supply
Garretta with the company's new heated
Hemofil T (the T " was |for "treated")
Factor VHI and Factor IX, which were
the concentrates corresponding to the
two protein deficiencies that cause hemorrhaging in hemophiliacs. Garretta did
import a small amount of heated Factor
VHI in 1983 and during the first eight
T E 608 D L HOME-SHOPPWt N T O K
H
OE
EW R
If
yo.tr
Wft-'t
g«i"J
3» H"-*"?/. t i c r ^ f ,
/ e i
,'
xV\t f . t*y tl>i< (mly H.iUlL 1007.. acry/ic f i ^ f , - .
1W1 ».7A s e l f - i f ' t*tk,ftrf t
U , , ; ^ , . ^
3
let y.- «*-8«/r
tc
fOKCrET
\Tl2eChUSE
E TAV-Awo-spfr/p oenocRtTs
r w TO HME rr// 50
o
fflT^ N£T EVEN
SHOW IT
DON'T
�THE NEW YORKER, OCTOBER II, 1993
blood, about the workings of the
Centre National de Transfusion
Sanguine—the way almost everybody else in France was. But it
may also be that they were dupes
of a misguided patriotism, and
couldn't believe that—in this, at
least—France was "wrong." No j
one is saying, even now. A l l that
anyone can say for sure is that
Garretta did not have the technology he needed to stabilize a heated
molecule of Factor V I I I , or the
money he would have needed to
adapt his machines to that technology i f he had had it. Someone
was going to have to pay, and
Garretta couldn't. He and his lawyer already had plans to "revive"
the Center with a private, commercial, profit-making sector.
(They called it Espacc Vie, a name
that was quoted, with some rancor,
by the hemophiliacs at his trial.)
He had plans to put himself, and
the Center, in twenty sister com"It's not you, Rob. It'sjust that things are moving a little toofast.'
panies. He supported those plans
with the sale of blood products.
In July of 1984, scientists, at an
international conference on transfusion,
months of 1984—just enough for that he wanted his factory to show a in Munich, warned everyone in the
Allain's protocols. In August, a month profit. It may even be that he believed blood business to heat concentrates;
and a half before he became the director Allain, whose early research seemed, as- Garretta kept producing and selling his
of the Center, he began to supply the tonishingly, to indicate that there was unheated products. In October, the
patients at the Center (and at the blood "no relation . . . between AIDS and trans- Centers for Disease Control, in Atlanta,
banks it semced) almost entirely from his fusion," although at the time of those announced that heating was an "absolute
new factory. When Allain needed heated first trial tests no one could really say necessity-, Garretta kept selling. He did
concentrates, Garretta sent plasma pow- how long it took a seropositive patient to not stop in November, when a young
der to the Immuno factory, in Vienna, develop the symptoms that could prop- French epidemiologist named Jeanand Immuno heated it and sent it back. erly be diagnosed as AIDS. Certainly the Baptiste Brunet, who worked for Roux
Garretta's argument at the trial was government did nothing to persuade at the Direction Generale de la Sante
that American blood, being "mercenary^ Garretta to act responsibly, or even hon- and was known in Paris for that work as
blood, carried a much higher risk of esdy. Jacques Roux, as the only Com- "Mr. SIDA," reported to a special comhepatitis, and that was certainly true be- munist left in high office in a Socialist mission on blood transfusion that ten
fore the Americans started heating. I t administration, was not notably well dis- per cent of all the people testing
did not have much to do with the reality posed toward Garretta, who, i f he had seropositive were certain to develop AIDS
in 1983, when the Americans -were heat- any politics at all, was said to be closer to within the next five years, and that the
ing, although some doctors did suspect Jacques Chirac and his Gaullist party only way to save the hemophiliacs was to
that there were other problems with than to Roux or the Socialists. (Roux, in start heating Factor VIII or, by implicaheated Factor V I I I in 1983 (problems fact, refused to enter the Center once tion, to start importing it. He did not
with antigens, for example). The real Garretta's appointment was confirmed.) stop in December, when a professor
problem for Garretta was that the fac- Edmond Herve, the Health Secretary, named Maurice Goudemand, who ran
tory at Les Ulis was built specifically for didn't like Garretta any better; nor, for the blood-processing center in Lille,
the production of unheated concen- that matter, did the Socialists running took his losses and started heating. One
trates. It had to produce something-^ the Finance Ministry and the Social Se- by one, the other blood-processing centhe govemment had already spent a lot curity office and any of the other offices ters stopped distributing unheated prodof money for it—and at the time that could have pushed him or threat- ucts, but Garretta kept selling. Allain
Garretta lacked the technology to con- ened him, or even helped him. It may be produced the results of a second clinicalvert it. I t may be that he was stubborn or that they wanted to see him ruined, or research protocol: thirty-five per cent of
incredulous or, as an industrialist "on the that they were not only dans le doute but the seronegative hemophiliacs he had
cutting edge," embarrassed. It may be entirely in ignorance—about AIDS, about
�GAMBLING WITH FACTOR VIII
treated and tested through the Centre
National de Transfusion Sanguine were
now seropositive. Garretta kept selling.
He said later that the medical wisdom
then was that "only ten to twenty per
cent" of those seropositive patients
would develop AIDS, and that AIDS itself
was not necessarily any more fatal than
hepatitis. He took the "statistical risk."
He continued selling in March of 1985,
when Brunet reported to Roux that all
the blood lots in Paris were "probably
contaminated," and even in June, when
he himself complained to Robert Netter
that the lots were contaminated. He refused to order uncontaminated concentrates from the United States, or even
from Dr. Goudemand, in Lille, who
twice offered to supply them. (He said
that Goudemand was trying to penetrate
his market.) The only heated Factor
VIII at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine in the spring of 1985 was
the Factor V I I I that Dr. Allain needed
for his protocols. Allain told the doctors
who wanted it for their own patients
that none was available. A t the trial, it
was estimated that on March 21, 1985,
wa
the day the tromperie sur la marchandise
:gan, the cost to the Center of recalling
and replacing its contaminated Factor
V I I I and Factor I X would have been
forty million francs, which at the time
was four million dollars.
k
w
Garretta spoke to seven of his deputies at the meeting he called on May 29,
1985. The minutes, which were stamped
"Confidential," have him saying that, although it was "statistically shown" that
all the Center's lots were contaminated,
it was up to the autoritis de tutelle—the
"supervisory authorities"—and not to
him, to take the responsibility and ban
them. Netter and Roux claimed later
that they hadn't banned them because it
was up to the Health Secretary. The
Health Secretary said that it was up to
the Minister for Social Affairs. The
Minister for Social Affairs claimed that
medicine was not "my specialty." The
Prime Minister said that he didn't know.
In fact, the govemment never did order
Garretta's unheated products off the
market. What the government did, on
ma 23, 1985, was announce that in ten
uly
:eks' time the Social Security office,
Miich handles health insurance here,
Vh
would stop reimbursing them. The govemment gave Garretta his chance to unload the contaminated stocks he had.
k
85
It wasn't enough time for Garretta.
In August, he complained to the president of a group of transfusion specialists
about holding three million francs'
worth of contaminated concentrates that
were "barely selling," and in October he
complained again, saying that all the
"unfortunate publicity" about heated
products had hurt his sales of the contaminated products that were left. He
has said in his defense that by the summer of 1985 he was shipping unheated
Factor VHI only to hemophiliacs "known"
to be seropositive already. (That decision
was not just his; it was made with the
consent of the French Hemophiliacs
Association.) He has said that he asked
for "orders" to distribute heated products: he had written in May—to Jacques
Roux's office—that it was "absolutely urgent" to start, because in his opinion a
delay of even three months meant "the
death of five or ten hemophiliacs and
certain of the people close to them."
(The reality was doser to fifty.)
rate of infection among Allain's patients
was the highest among any hemophiliacs in the countiy.
T
HERE are only five thousand French
hemophiliacs, and only three
thousand of them are "major" hemophiliacs—meaning hemophiliacs with
little or no coagulant enzymes in their
blood. But the hemophiliacs were big
business in the early eighties. Their
comfort products were expensive. They
cost between a million and a million and
a half francs a year in health insurance
for a single patient. They depended on
enormous stocks of whole blood from
the benevoles dr on plasma stocks or
refined coagulants from abroad. Factor
V I I I was a highly concentrated product—it took the blood of four or five
thousand donors to produce one lot of
Factor VIII—and it was by definition
risky. The process of mixing and extracting and stabilizing and concentrating
Factor V I I I made it risky. Factor V I I I
was much easier to administer than the
Garretta produced that letter at the
trial. Everyone produced letters, and put old concentrates, but it was also known,
the blame on whoever received them, at least by March 21, 1985, to be much
but the hemophiliacs took his letter as more difficult to control. The "evidence"
proof that he knew exactly what he was on March 21, 1985, was indisputable:
doing, and was covering himself in the when one of the five thousand donors
event of an investigation later. Garretta's contributing to an industrial lot of Facdefense was that he hadn't known that a tor VHI was seropositive, the entire lot
delay meant death to all the hemophili- could be said to be contaminated—unless, of course, that lot had
acs who used Factor VIII. He
been heated first.
did know that those "five or
ten" would die, and that so
would "certain of the people
close to them." Allain knew,
and he also produced a letter—a letter he had written to
Garretta early in January of
1985, which put him on
record as having warned his
boss about the level of contamination among his patients and
about the risks that Garretta was taking.
But he is not known to have warned any
of those patients—not even the ones
who were getting unheated concentrates,
as many of the protocol patients were—
except the boy who had been staying at
his house. In December of 1984, he told
the boy to stop using unheated Factor
VIII. Georges Holleaux claimed at the
trial that by December the boy was already infected. The Centre National de
Transfusion Sanguine produced seventy
or eighty per cent of the coagulants sold
in France, and it is known now that the
Most of the doctors treating hemophiliacs knew this.
Yvette Sultan, a doctor from
the Hopital Cochin and an
admitted enthusiast of comfort products, took part in
Allain's third protocol, and at
the trial she claimed to have
asked Allain repeatedly for
Factor V I I I that was heated. She said
that when he refused to provide it she
did what she could to get it. She complained to Jean Bernard, who was the
most important blood specialist in
France as well as the Center's outgoing
board chairman. Bernard told her that
the risk of anybody's dying from AIDS
was small—"smaller than hepatitis" was
what he often claimed. She complained
to Jacques Roux, who listened and dismissed her.
It was said, in 1985, that hemophiliacs were "not an electoral problem." It
was said that hemophiliacs cost more
�86
than they were worth to a politician out
looking for votes—more, anyway, than
the fifteen-to-twenty-per-cent increase
in price for heated domestic Factor VIII
that someone would have to pay, dans k
doute, until the doubt was gone. Doubt,
of course, was what was at issue at the
trial. Brunet was the first doctor to warn
the govemment about the contaminated
lots, and even he says that it is "too
easy," knowing what eveiyone knows today, to fix the guilt in the affaire du sang
on policies made and decisions taken in
1985, when AIDS research was full of
contradictions, and AIDS doctors expected a quick cure, and nobody really
knew what it meant to be contaminated.
The Prime Minister was not an AIDS expert.. The Health Secretary, Edmond
Hervd, was not an AIDS expert He was a
provincial politician, and certainly not
very reflective. He preferred his cronies
at the mairie in Rennes (he was the
mayor of Rennes) to the medical journals in his Paris office, and his main
concern, when it came to AIDS was to
keep American AIDS tests off the French
market. The Social Affairs Minister,
Georgina Dufoix, was a born-again
Christian who believed in the power of
love and la medecine douce—alternative
medicine. She knew so litde about serious research that she announced the end
of the AIDS crisis after three doctors no
one had ever heard of came to her with a
"cure" involving a cyclosporine immunodepressant they claimed to have perfected. She called a press conference and
told the reporters that the "spectacular"
scientists standing beside her had solved
the problem of AIDS by treating "the bad
with the bad." The doctors, it turned
out, had based their cure on eight days'
work with two patients. One of die patients died eleven days after the press
conference, and the other died a few
days after that, but the doctors got very
good jobs—and they still have them.
It has to be said that in 1985 the
miracle cure was anybody's guess. Patients had no choice except to believe in
the doctors they chose, and patients with
hemophilia—especially children with
hemophilia—were particularly dependent. Hemophilia left them dependent
on everyone—on benevoles, on doctors,
on parents who looked to their comfort
products as a lifeline to "normalcy," and
were encouraged to administer those
products themselves, at home, because
home was so obviously more normal
ARJIJT AT LARGE BY BOB KNOX
�88
than a transfusion center or a hospitaL
The anthropologist Frangoise HeritierAuge (who is also the president of
Mitterrand's National AIDS Council) has
a theory: she thinks that the parents of
hemophiliacs must have suffered from
tremendous guilt—espedally the mothers of hemophiliacs, who carried the
deficiency gene but, as women, didn't
get hemophilia themsdves. She says that
maybe this is why they tended to "believe fiercdy" in the doctors they chose,
as if the right choice would be a kind of
exoneration. In any case, they believed in
Factor VIII. They were credulous, in the
face of whatever evidence they did have,
and they lived in a suffocating world of
euphemism and reassurance, which their
doctors usually tried to lighten with
more euphemism and reassurance. Even
the doctors who fought to import heated
products say that they couldn't in consdence have told parents who were already sick with worry whenever their
litde boy climbed a tree or cut his meat
at dinner that the treatments they prescribed were dangerous—even "statisticaUy" dangerous.
THE NEW YOftKEIX, OCTOBER II, 1993
to prison this summer, he told me that
in December of 1984 he had "put the
subject of disdosure on the agenda." He
called a meeting of the doctors working
on his protocols, and when the subject
came up he told them he was in favor of
informing patients about their treatment
risks—even in favor of informing patients who had already tested seropositive that they had the disease. The
decision was no. Allain says the reason it
was no was that the other doctors at the
meeting felt strongly that the test, being
in its "experimental stage," was not
"definitive."
of 1985, and, while he did start distributing heated products in June to hemophiliacs who were thought to be
seronegative, he never recalled the stock
that was already in homes or on the
market—as Dr. Goudemand did in
Lille, going from house to house to collect it. The stock had a refrigerator shelf
life of two- years. A memo from
Garretta's "office of technical services"—
someone provided AnnerMarie Casteret
with a copy—made the suggestion of
dumping the stock that was still at the
factory "in foreign countries." By June,
of course, eveiyone in the blood business
knew what was happening at the Centre
National de Transfusion Sanguine.
N December of 1984, the new board
chainnan at the Center, a doctor Allain himself had tried going public—
named Jacques Ruffie, tried to get rid of he talked to a reporter at Le Matin,
Garretta. He had managed to block which never printed the story—and
Garretta's confirmation, and while Garretta had tried to fire him, and evenGarretta won in the end—he was con- tually forced him to resign. Allain stayed
firmed as director, and a few months until March of 1986 (along with his
later it was Ruffie who had to go— wife, who was headjOf diagnostics at the
Allain thinks that Garretta would cer- Center), and then he left for Abbott, in
tainly have lost if anyone had pressed or Chicago. In April of 1991, seven
pubhdzed the issues of contamination months before his indictment, he acand heating. He is undoubtedly right cepted the chair in transfusion medicine
at Cambridge, where he is still offidally
Some of the doctors themselves were about that. He never challenged on the faculty.
ready to believe that AIDS was a myth, Garretta about the blood in public. No
"the American disease," and had nothing one knows why, most people you ask
Some doctors—not many—suspect
to do with the blood of France—that the about Jean-Pierre Allain say that he is that Allain was one of the people who
blood of France was the mirade that "tris amiigu.'' Hisfriendsare hard put to provided Garretta's memos to patients
sent happy children off to the Alps to it to say what makes him ambiguous, or like Peron Garvanoff, and even to jourski, children who five years earlier could what he stood to gain from his ambigu- nalists like Casteret, once his protocols
have died from a fracture. Even the ity. Allain himself says, "Going public were finished and he had collected his
people running the French Hemophili- was not the scientific way." He says that severance pay and was on his way to
acs Association believed it. They were the sdentific way, "the basic rule of seri- Chicago. I f those doctors are right, the
enthusiasts of Factor VHI, and, in fact, ous scientists," is to stick with your most ambiguous thing about Allain may
promoters of Factor V I I I . They never group and publish your findings in a be that he never imagined the informadid what anybody dam le doute should sdentific journal and talk to "the public" tion would backfire, and be used against
have done, which was to abandon the afterward. His defense has been: "If I him. Some of his colleagues say he was
treatment and demand that the doctors had painted myself red and gone to the blinded by what they call, not always
Health Secretary, people would admiringly, "his international reputago back to their old methods.
,
have said I was crazy." He was tion." He was never seized by the court,
When the scandal broke, they
determined to stay at the Center as Garretta was, after the 1992 trial. He
were more interested in negoti"for the patients." He was known continued to teach at Cambridge, pendating indemnities than in
to have loved his patients. He ing his appeal, and by the time the apreflection. I t was another land of
wanted to wait it out—until Gar- peal was heard the Royal College of Paexoneration.
retta stopped stalling, until thologists had issued a long statement in
It may be that the world of
Garretta signed a transfer-of-technology his defense, and the journal Science had
hemophiliacs was in every respect infancontract with Immuno, until that tech- named him one of the "heavy hitters" of
tilizing. H6ritier-Auge says that the nanology was in place.
the AIDS world. He was arrested in the
ture of the disease made the doctors
treating it paternalistic and protective,
Garretta did sign for the heating courtroom on July 13th this summer,
and Allain himself says that it made technology, in Januaiy of 1985, but he and taken direcdy to prison. Ten days
them rductant to alarm and, where AIDS refused to use Immuno's vats—he later, Tbe Lancet published an editorial
was concemed, rductant to add to that wanted French vats—and he told the in protest. The editorial was called
alarm before the truth about AIDS—who govemment that there, were going to be "Palais dlnjustice." Thirty-seven Camactually got it, who actually died from "delays." He kept manufacturing his bridge sdentists signed a letter supportit—was established. Before Allain went own unheated Factor VHI through May ing it.
•I.
I
�THE W W OF 5CIENCE
Some French scientists regret that
^ \ no one here published an editorial like
Tie Lancet's. Dr. Brunet, who had been
considered something of a hero by the
hemophiliacs, stunned everyone in court
by supporting Allain dans le doute. He
said that he understood why Allain
hadn't quit his job or talked to the papers. He told me, "When you are in the
middle of a fight, you don't think of resigning. You think of staying to write
more, to pressure more, to make better
protocols. You prove you are right that
way." Other scientists are not so sure.
They think that maybe a better way of
describing what happened to Jean-Pierre
Allain at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine would be to say that
a scientist with a new disease to study,
a scientist absorbed in his research—
obsessed, even, by his research—does
not easily abandon it, that the sacrifices
he makes in the name of science are
not necessarily his own. There were no
laboratory animals ready for AIDS research when Allain began his protocols.
There was no way to test the effects
^ ^ k o f blood concentrates—for the rate of
^ ^ B i r a l inactivation through heating, for
\ ^ ^ r t h e rate of infection ifyou didn't heat—
except to give those concentrates to
people and test tbem. Allain stopped using seronegative patients on his third
protocol. I f that protocol was "dubious,"
as some of the hemophiliacs claimed
(since no one knew the effects of recontamination on seropositive patients),
there is litde doubt about the ethics of
the second protocol: seronegative hemophiliacs were given unheated concentrates, and thirty-five per cent of them
became seropositive. Luc Montagnier,
testifying at the appeal, said, "Dans le
doute, you always abstain." He neglected
to mention that he himself was one of
the protocol signatories.
I
N 1983, a young French immunologist
, by the name of Jacques Leibowitch
wrote a book about AIDS called "Un
Virus fitrange Venu d'Ailleurs." Leibowitch was working then at the Hopital
Raymond PoincarS, and, like a lot of
ther young French doctors, he was tryto find that strange virus in cultures
^ie got from Robert Gallo's Washington lab. Early in 1984, he started working on what he calls "a litde artisanal
test" for seropositivity. It was in fact not
a very sophisticated test. I t was an im-
89
munofluorescence test—a test for antibodies—and it was also what virologists
call a "subjective" test. I t left a large
margin of interpretative error, and it
produced a statistically significant number of false results. Leibowitch says he
was "thrilled" to have had a test at all. As
he tells the story, his interest in AIDScontaminated blood began in July of
1984, when his father-in-law was in
the hospital for an operation. He called
the doctor who ran the blood bank at
the hospital—it was the Hopital Cochin,
and the doctor's name was Francois Pinon—to say that, in an emergency,
he didn't want his father-in-law receiving untested blood. What he wanted
was to send some blood donors he had
screened with his "litde artisanal test"
over to Cochin, and have Pinon use their
blood for his father-in-law. Pinon refused. He thought that the idea of
a "transfusion dirigte" violated the principle of the anonymity and equality of
French blood. He offered Cochin blood
to Leibowitch. He said it was bound
to be "less dangerous than any old
blood," because it came from bin&voles.
Leibowitch refused. The doctors sat
down together and worked on what Pinon calls their "ethical problem"; they
decided that Pinon would send some
"anonymous" blood to Leibowitch, and
Leibowitch would test that. Pinon sent,
all told, thirty samples. They tested
negative. (Pinon says, "It gave me the security to use the blood for other patients.") In October of 1984, he and
Leibowitch started testing blood samples
on a large scale. By December, they
had tested two thousand donors from
Cochin and from blood-donor trucks
operated by two other Paris hospitals.
All of the donors had been screened—
they were given questionnaires—and all
of them were considered "dean." Some
of them had given blood three months
earlier. Ten tested seropositive, and everyone who had received their blood
turned out to be seropositive, too.
The implications for Paris were
enormous—even accepting that a few
of those seropositives were false. Blood
for transfusion—whole blood—cannot
be treated, like plasma, to inactivate a
virus. The blood has to be tested and,
if necessary, eliminated, and there was
no other public testing in place in
Paris, which was certain to have a much
higher rate of seropositivity than, say, a
farming village in Auvergne or a little
fishing town in Brittany. Paris was
"open." I t had homosexuals and drug
addicts and immigrants from what were
�90
THE NEW YORKER, OCTOBER 111993
already considered AIDS-epidemic countries, and the local hospital blood banks
and transfusion centers often depended
on collects that were made in neighborhoods where those homosexuals and addicts and immigrants congregated—
neighborhoods like Les Hades or the
Boulevard Saint Michel, either of which
would have looked like Sodom and
Gomorrah to a Breton fisherman—or
they depended on collects in Paris prisons, which presumably had the same
sort of population.
Pinon wanted to see the Leibowitch
test put in place at the blood banks and
the Paris hospitals—at least, until a
better test was ready. He told his colleagues at the Hopital Cochin that
people were getting AIDS from Paris
blood. Most of them said "Impossible!"
They thought he was insulting the blood
of France and putting the purity of the
benevoles in question. Pinon called up
Dr. Brunet, at Roux's office, with his results, and when he ran into Roux at a
meeting he told him about them direcdy. He serit a copy of those results to
the Direction Generale de la Sante;
there was no reply. He knew that the
people at Pasteur were working on a test
of their own. The test wasn't ready, and
it was clear to Pinon and Leibowitch
that until it mas ready there would be no
publicly approved and funded AIDS testing done in France.
Jacques Leibowitch is a flamboyant
character. He likes to receive on the first
floor of the Cafe de Flore, where Sartre
and Camus held court, and he is given
to exaggeration. He describes himself as
"the corsair of AIDS research" and his
wife, who is the movie star Carole Bouquet, as "the queen of France," but he is
not exaggerating when he describes the
image of the Institut Pasteur that was
officially revived and nurtured after
Montagnier announced the identification of the AIDS virus (and Gallo
"confirmed" it). He says that the only reality in 1984 was that the virus killed
and that Pasteur didn't have a test to
sell—and that everything else was "politics." He means by politics that the govemment was not going to let him interfere with its plans for Pasteur. The
politics were to keep the honor and also
the profits at the institute. The govemment owned forty-nine per cent of the
companies Diagnostics Pasteur and
Pasteur Serums et Vaccins, which were
Pasteur's commercial arm and wert attached to the state petrochemical com-
"Who ever heard of the bluefish of happiness?"
panics Sanofi and Rhone-Poulenc It
stood to make a great deal of money
from the Pasteur test, and it wanted that
test to have a monopoly.
' I *HE sign by the door to the
JL Thirteenth Chamber of the Paris
Court of Appeals said "Proces du Sang
Contamine,-.and it was obvious why.
The govemment—once it accepted the
inevitability of a trial—wanted to ieep
that trial focussed on blood, and noc on
testing. I f it indulged the prosecutes in
charges of merchandising fraud md
"non-assistance to persons in danger." it
did so because those charges effectrrely
contained the scandaL They made rt a
hemophiliacs' scandal. And if the doctors on trial were scapegoats, it was
mainly because the scandal in Mardi of
1985 was not simply that Garreta's
blood center was leaving hemophiiacs
with unheated Factor VHI but that ihe
govemment was leaving eveiybody dse
in France without an AIDS test at a time
when a test—from Abbott—was already in commercial use in the Unied
States, • and even people here wsre
offering stopgap tests until the Pasnor
test was ready. What the govemment
seems to have done in 1985 was to
downplay the risk of anyone's gfl:ting AIDS from blood transfusions,
in order to cover for the delay. I i is
estimated that some twelve hundred hemophiliacs were contaninated by March 21, 1985, aid
that anywhere from a hundred as
three hundred more were ccmtaminated between March 21it
and October 1st. No one cm
say exactly how many, since from
the point of view of the law a hemophiliac with no history of
transfusions is "virgin." It is aim
estimated that fifteen hundrei
people without hemophilia woe
contaminated through blooi
transfusions by March of thai
year, and that during the near
four months the rate of contamination by transfusion was six tm
ten people a day. The estimate s
modest. Four or five thousand
transfusion patients are known to
be contaminated now. Charges
of poisoning or manslaughter
would have extended the statute
of limitations to ten years and
opened the courts to suits by
�THE POUTia OF TESTING
those people. They would also
have extended legal definitions of
^who, exacdy, was responsible for
hat happened in 1985. They
would—or could-—have involved
not only Netter and Roux and the
doctors at the Centre National de
Transfusion Sanguine but a lot of
other people who had been party
to the decisions that delayed all l i censed testing in France until the
Pasteur test was ready for commercial use. Garretta's lawyer,
Frangois-Xavier Charvet, claims
that die five thousand people who
eventually got AIDS from unheated
Factor VHI or I X or from contaminated blood transfusions were
not the only victims. He says the
question that should be asked—
and isn't being asked—is how many
of the hundred and ten or twenty
thousand other people reported to
be seropositive in France got their
AIDS because of the government's
reluctance to accept a foreign test.
France had a terrible record of
through transfiin. During the first months of
'85, while Edmond Herve was
blocking the Abbott test and
Jacques Roux was demanding
money for Pasteur in order to
keep Abbott out of the French market,
the British, who had never made street
collects or prison collects, organized
their blood screening. Britain, with
roughly the same population as France,
reported seventy-five cases of AIDS
linked to blood transfusions for the entire year. French epidemiologists—some
of whom tried to stop the collects in
1985—often compare those seventy-five
cases with France's fifteen hundred
cases. They are left with the same story
of official obfuscation.
contamination
COI
T
HE Pasteur test was developed at
the Hopital Claude Bernard, in
cooperation with Pasteur, in 1983 and
1984. Two young researchers from the
first French working group on AIDS, the
virologists Christine Rouzioux and
Frangoise Brun-Vezinet, developed it,
rrai
' then they turned it over to the peoat Pasteur to industrialize—that is,
J develop for mass production. I t belonged, so to speak, to Rouzioux and
Brun-Vezinet, and when they volunteered to do the blind tests on Jean-
91
ANGELS AMONG THE 5ERVANT5
Build a chair as if an angel
was going to sit on it.
—Thomas Merton.
St. Zita, patron saint
of scrub buckets and brooms,
spiritual adviser to mops,
protector of charwomen,
chambermaids, cooks,
those who wait on us
and mend our ways,
for forty-eight years you
lit the morning fire
in the dark kitchen
of Fatinelli of Lucca
and baked his bread,
till the Sunday you knew
you could not serve
two masters and did not open
the bins of flour or unlock
the treasures of yeast
and water. Telling no one,
you trudged off to Mass,
still wearing his keys
on your belt.
And while you opened your mouth
for the wafer, a coin
minted from moonlight,
angels arrived in_aprons
and mixed light and salt,
and kneaded loaf after loaf,
punching them down
for their own good,
and praised the mystery
of bread, which rises to meet
its maker. But who
is the servant here?
The loaf will not rise
till the baker follows
the rules set down by the first loaf
for the ancient order of bread.
St. Zita, bless the firej
that boils water, the air
that dries clothes, and keys
that have lost their doors:
may angels "keep them
from the deep river.
— N A N C Y WILLARD
Pierre Allain's clinical-research protocols nable." She wondered i f Allain had "a
it was the test they used, in its "artisanal" certain lack of scientific ethics." She susform, to monitor the hemophiliacs' pected that the entire French transfusion
blood. Rouzioux, who holds the chair in system—operating outside of any real
virology at the Hopital Necker now, says scrutiny—had'a certain lack of scientific
that the protocols were originally de- ethics. I n December of 1984, she
signed to look for the causes of "defor- stopped working on Allain's second remation" in the immunological system of search protocol, and withdrew from any
hemophiliacs; that is, they were designed participation in the third.
to track the responses of different hemoRouzioux testified against Allain this
philiacs to different Factor V I I I and summer. She didn't want to testify. She
Factor . DC products, and then, inciden- says, "To speak badly of a colleague—
tally, to demonstrate the role that the that's unethical, too." She hesitated at
retrovirus played in the breakdown of first, but then, she says, she thought
that immunological system in hemo- about being a mother and about somephiliacs with-AIDS. She says that by the thing like AIDS happening to her child,
fall of 1984 "the evidence was there"— and she decided to do it. By all accounts,
and that after that no one, in conscience, she was a very fair wimess, but she says
should have been giving unheated Factor now that she was nervous and frightVHI or DC to a patient. By then, her re- ened, because the lawyers for the defense
lations with Allain were, as she puts it, tended to insult the women who tesstrained. She thought that his research tified for the hemophiliacs. Yvette Sulprotocols were "not very interesting," tan—the doctor who says she tried to .#
and that his distance from the doctors get heated products for her patients and
participating in those protocols ("We was refused—was so humiliated in court
had no opening to see what he was do- by Garretta's lawyer that she broke down
ing," she says) was "not very conscio- and called him a "litde bastard." (The
�THE NEW YORKER, OCTOBER II, 199
lawyer sued.) After that, all the women
who testified were "hysterical."
O
' !
N February 11,1985, Abbottfileda
test-license application at Robert
Netter s National Laboratory. On February 25th, Pasteur filed for its license.
Nothing happened in February. In
March, when the Abbott test got F.D A
approval, Netter wrote to Jacques Roux,
asking him what to do. He told Roux
that the Abbott file he had was "incomplete," and Roux, in turn, told Abbott.
He asked Abbott for information, ignoring the advice of Dr. Brunet, who
wanted a test in place right away and
had suggested calling the F . D A to get
it. Brunet's argument was that a medical
emergency existed in France that was
more important than any principle of
self-sufficiency or concurrence, or even
profit. The Pasteur test wasn't ready,
and everyone—not just Brunet—knew
it. Nothing happened in March. On
April 25th, Abbott filed again. The file
then was undeniably complete, and it
presented the govemment with another
sort of emergency. On May 9th,
Franfois Gros—the old director of
Pasteur and the medical adviser to the
Prime Minister—called a meeting of
Cabinet advisers on the subject of AIDS
and AIDS testing, and asked that the
Abbott file be put aside until the Pasteur
test was ready and approved. That was
the decision taken.
Jacques Roux approved the Pasteur
test on June 21st. Three days later, he
approved the test from. Abbott. People
in France who got AIDS from contaminated blood transfusions during the five
months between February and June believe, with some reason, that the delay is
what has cost them their lives. It was no
surprise to them when the parquet limited the affaire du sang to suits by hemophiliacs: all the letters and memos and
calls concerning the availability of an
AIDS test in France became inadmissible
as evidence. It was no surprise to the
doctors on trial, either. They believed
that i f they were guilty, then Frangois
Gros, who held up the Abbott test, was
guilty, and so was Claude Weisselberg,
the Health Secretary's medical adviser,
who was a party to that decision (he said
that the test, which was going to be
cheaper than the test from Pasteur,
would "invade" the market if it was approved first) and who may or may not,
depending on whom you ask, have ne
glected to tell the Health Secretary tha
the vats of Factor V I I I at the Centn
National de Transfusion Sanguine wer<
contaminated. The doctors believed thai
the advisers to the Minister for Social
Affairs were also guilty, because, according to Georgina Dufoix, those advisers
neglected-to tell her until the second
week in July.
As far as the doctors were concemed,
the entire Socialist Party was guilty,
since anybody who wanted to stay in favor in 1985—to keep his job and get his
fair share of the budget—accepted the
Socialists' priorities, even when that
meant protecting France's markets more
than France's patients. Jacques Roux had
seen his budget cut by a quarter, to eight
hundred thousand francs, by 1985—not
a lot for a surgeon general. (Roux says
that the money went to a Socialist project, a center for "information and liberty.") Pasteur itsdf never got the money
it needed—not even when the honor of
Pasteur became Socialist policy. In August of 1983, Montagnier had asked the
gpvemment for two millionfrancsto use
in developing an AIDS test. He had asked
at every ministry and agency that might
have it, including the Ministry for Research and Technology, which at the
time Fabius ran. The govemment said
no. It isn't surprising that his old boss
decided to be useful. The decisions
made on May 9, 1985, guaranteed the
Institut Pasteur at least thirty-five per
cent of the AIDS-test market in France.
Six weeks later, the test was approved,
and Fabius ordered the compulsory testing of all French blood donors. The testing began, officially, in August. On October 1st, the distribution of contaminated
blood concentrates stopped.
One theory going around the courtroom this summer—it was by no means
proved—was that the problems with
Montagnier's test and the problems with
Garretta's concentrates, coming, as they
did, at the same time, provided the
people at Pasteur and the people at the
Center with a kind of protection. They
had something on each other. The
people at the Center (and their friends
in die govemment) knew that the institute should be letting Abbott into the
market until its test was ready, and the
people at Pasteur (and their friends in
the govemment) knew that until Garretta started heating he should be taking
�NEGOTIATING DEATH
his losses and importing safe plasma
products, or buying them from Dr.
Goudemand, in Lille. I t may be that
ey both bought time by practicing a
itde of what the French call chantage—
which is a kind of pressure verging on
blackmail Casteret thinks it was a case
of "Don't talk about our test and we
won't talk about your heating." They
may have agreed that silence was in
everybody's interest.
93
do—that there is no real concept of the
public record. They know that they will
never have all the "facts" about a scandal
like the affaire du sang, and they accept
it. They call it "the mentality." France is
a country whose idea of disdosure—the
French say "transparence"—is to ask
deputies to deposit a statement of assets
in the safe at the National Assembly
when they get elected, and take it away
with them when they leave. It is not a
countiy that is apt to ask why Colonel
Recordon didn't find the documents he
needed at the Direction Generale de la
Sante, or even why the mass media and the
Front National were able to turn a French
scam into a plot against French blood.
Badinter likes to talk about the tyranny of
public opinion, but the public has little access to anything except opinion where the
people running the countiy are concerned.
. would be therapeutic, too. But justice is
a discipline, not a cure, and negotiating
death did not buy life for any of the victims who sat in the Thirteenth Chamber
of the Court of Appeals this summer
and waited for a verdict. I t only put a
few of the people who could be said to
have played a part in-their deaths in jail.
F
RANCIS GRAEVE was eighty this
summer—certainly the oldest man
in the courtroom. He did not have hemophilia, but his sons were hemophiliODAY, the Sodalists admit that they
acs, and they were infected by coagulants
. made a "mistake" in 1985, but the
from the Centre National de Transfumistake they usually mention has nothsion Sanguine. One of them was a diping to do with AIDS tests or contamilomat. He died of AIDS the year the docnated comfort products. They say their
tors were indicted, and Graeve is
mistake was not paying off the hemogrieving for him. He goes to the Center
philiacs quickly, and "solving the probevery day—he is the president ithonneur
lem" that way. Robert Badinter, who is
of the French Hemophiliacs Assodathe president of the Constitutional
Council and was the Sodalists' Justice
The agreements that the hemophili- tion, which still has an office at the CenMinister in 1985, says that i f the gov- acs signed in 1989—the agreements not ter—dressed quiedy in a ^ports jacket
ernment had offered to pay up, right to sue in exchange for a hundred thou- and a striped tie, and waits, and grieves.
away and "graciously," it might have sandfrancs—havenow been replaced by He has time on his hands, and he uses it
avoided the disaster—the disaster being, a government guarantee of up to two to try to make some sense of what hapto his mind, less the trial than what he million francs to any hemophiliac with pened to his children. He says, some^alls "the confusion of real and symbolic AIDS and to any patient infected by times, that "the children were delivered
calls
^lt," which led to the accusations transfusions. (Wives and children with into the hands of the doctors, and we
ainst his old Prime Minister and to AIDS are covered, too.) The money kept delivered them." Or he says, "We had
ppopulist notions that the higher the a lot of those people out of court, but confidence in the doctors." He has
criminal, the more 'just' the punish- not everybody agrees with the Socialists learned that "the discourse of science
ment." He thinks that if the scandal had that it settled anything. People who and the practice of medidne are not the
broken right away, and the hemophiliacs work with AIDS victims complain that same thing." He used to believe in medihad been compensated "4 bureau ouvert" the budget for indemnifying hemophili- cine; he thought that doctors answered a
then Fabius and his two ministers would acs already amounts to more than twice "dvilizing" calling that was not so differhave had to resign as politically "respon- the yearly budget for AIDS prevention ent from his own calling, which took
sible," but the question of "guilt" in any (and many times the budget for AIDS re-. him through law school and Sdenceslegal sense would never even have been search). Arnaud Marty-Lavauzelle puts it P6 with half the people in De Gaulle's
raised. Badinter's point is that out of this way "iWhen you negotiate the price Cabinet and made him one of the last
office they are no longer politically ac- of your death, you don't do anything great prefects of the French empire. He
countable. Fabius has not been Prime for your treatment." And Frangoise comes from a colonial family, and he beMinister for seven years. The Sodalists Heritier-Auge says that it leads to "the lieved in the colonial mission—what the
themselves are not even in power any- false supposition that all the medical French call the mission civilisatrice—to
more. They have nothing to resign from, treatment a patient gets in life is going to conquer, to educate, to administer, to
and no election to lose, and Badinter is be therapeutic." The trials of the past cure, in the name of France. His father
convinced that this is what has fed a two summers encouraged another com- was the last white deputy to the National
kind of public frustration, and encour- mon and fallacious hope—that justice Assembly from Guadeloupe, and he
himself was directeur du cabinet for one of
aged "fantasies" of coverups and scapethe last governor generals in Algeria.
goats, and in the end led hemophiliacs
to demand that the ministers be judged
It may be that, believing in France,
"like criminals," in the courts.
he believed too much. He believed the
doctors who told him that AIDS was
Maybe. Most people here accept the
something the Americans got—that it
.notion that the political dass is a dass
was carried by American blood, but
^ ^ A r t , not accountable in ways that ordinever by the blood of France. He
people are accountable. They accept
thought that the doctors at the Center
it as dtizens of a democracy in 1993
had a "noble role," like his role in Algethey have no real access to information,
ria—that they were the intermediaries
or even rights to information, about
between "the power and the people." He
what their public and political servants
T
m
�94
is a courteous man, and does not really
condemn the doctors. He grasps the
ambiguities of the affaire du sang better
than a lot of hemophiliacs, or their parents. His sons were not under intensive
comfort-product treatment; they took
coagulants i f they had an accident, or
felt a hemorrhage coming on, but they
oftenforgottheir Factor VHI. They were
busy with their lives. The worst thing
about having hemophilia for Jean-Luc
Graeve—who was the diplomat, and
was posted in Delhi when he discovered
he was seropositive—was that he loved
tennis, like Dr. Allain, and couldn't take
the risk of playing. His wife had asked
his doctor for heated coagulants. She
wanted to take them to India, but she
couldn't get any. Graeve's other son,
who is an actor, got them after July of
1984. He was one of the "seronegatives"
in Allain's second protocol, and Graeve
suspects that he was infected either by
Center coagulants he had taken before
or by Center coagulants Graeve himself
had bought in July, when the family was
packing for a summer vacation. He calls
the affaire du sang an "extraordinary
fraud." What he blames the doctors for
is their hypocrisy and their silence.
ti
THE NEW YORKER, OCTOBER 11,1993
much, being seventy and an old Central
Committee hand who had .run for the
National Assembly on the Party ticket in
ten elections since the war. He was
faithful. Whether by accident or neglect
or pigheadedness or guile, he refused to
ban the contaminated lots, and, in the.
process, succeeded in discrediting the
Socialists he worked for and the capitalists, in the person of Michel Garretta
and his business partners. Robert Netter
owes no damages, either, and the Health
Secretary's office paid his bills. In his
case, no one seemed to mind. He made
a pallid, bewildered villain. He had never
been known for much courage or imagination; he was a bureaucrat who followed orders and did what his bosses
wanted, and the general opinion was
that if you made a villain of a man like
that you would have to indict most of
the bureaucrats in France. Jean-Pierre
Allain is probably the doctor who will
suffer most. No one is paying his court
costs or his legal fees, and he is bitter
about it, because his debts are enormous.
He cannot begin to pay them on a Cambridge professor's salary. The royalties
from the book "Le SIDA des Hemophiles: Mon Temoignage," which he
wrote after the trial and published during
the appeal, are going to a fund for AIDS
research at Cambridge. He is the only
defendant left, in his words, "unprotected."
but during all the various judicial
stages—from the "first instance" to the
appeal to the Cassation Court, which
rules on juridical and procedural complaints (and which Allain counts on to
declare a mistrial, since by some oversight of the court he was never formally
notified of his indictment, and always
came to his -trial through the visitors'
door, as a "volunteer"). Then the documents enter the archives of the Justice
Ministry, where it is sometimes possible
to see them—at the minister's discretion.
In the affaire du sang contamini, there
was really only one reporter who persisted, over the years, in anything resembling an investigation, and that was
Anne-Marie Casteret. She was not an
important reporter—what the French
call un grand reporter. She was, by her
own description, a provincial, and "a
litde naive." She lived in a small suburban house, and kept a garden, and had a
fondness for tea. 5}he started writing
about the problem of AIDS and blood
stocks early on, in 1983, and she never
let go of the story. She had the advantage of being a doctor looking at other
doctors, but that was an advantage that
most of the medical reporters here had.
What she really had was a passion for
Graeve wears the rosette of the Lethe victims. She devoted six years to ingion of Honor, like Michel Garretta,
vestigating what they told her, and she
and he says it is shocking to him that "a
managed to document the scandal,
person of that quality" could make the
which finally broke in Ultvinement du
decisions Garretta made. I t is not lost on
parents that Garretta could be out of n p H E most surprising thing about Jeudi. Last year, she published a book
prison in a year, and that while he will
_L . the affaire du sang may be that called "L'Affaire du Sang." It is one of
lose his rosette he will keep his standing, anyone was unprotected. People in fourteen books about the scandal, but at
since the French medical-ethics board France do not often complain about the time it was—and probably still is—
has changed its mind about revoking his protection. They are, i f anything, re- the only one that could be called the book
license and has simply suspended him spectful. They identify with the state of record. A few people called it "hysfrom practice for a period of two years. and its immense authority, they under- terical." The defense, which was careful
And he will not be poor. The Center is stand that the state is sacred. They may about attacking Casteret outside a courtpaying his court costs and his lawyers' have an appetite for scandal, but once a room, settled for "emotional." No one
fees, and he collected three million scandal happens they shake their heads doubted her sincerity. Most people agreed
francs in severance pay in 1991, when and accept it. The press—which is, after that she was a woman of courage. Garretthe scandal broke and he had to resign. all, a Latin press, highly partisan and at ta's lawyer, Frangois-Xavier Charvet,
(He also got a bodyguard and an ar- least as interested in ideology as in infor- paid her a kind of compliment when he
mored car, a group calling itself Hon- mation—pleads the cause of its particu- talked to me about why he had decided
neur de la France had planted a bomb in lar politicalfriends,and the result is that against taking Garretta's case to the Cassahis. old car, which exploded.) His ar- most people are left with a "scandal" to tion Court and trying to overturn the
rangement with the Center was such remember but with very litde of the in- conviction. He said that, after Castaret,
that it will also pay his fine of five hun- formation they would have to have to Garretta preferred to take his punishment
dred thousand francs, and the millions evaluate that scandal, or even understand
of francs he owes in damages from civil it. There is no "freedom of information ' I 'iMES change. No one in Paris talks
suits against him.
act" in France. The press, like everyone
X anymore about the Centre NaJacques Roux, as a civil servant, has else, has no legally guaranteed access to tional de Transfusion Sanguine. The
no damages to pay. The Communist documents entered and accepted as evi- Center has changed its name, along with
Party paid for his lawyer, and even sup- dence in a trial. Those documents are its director, and is now called the Agence
plied die lawyer. He seemed to expect as classified not only during the instruction Fran^aise du Sang. No one talks about
�BELIEVING IN FRANCE
heated plasma, either. The
Center stopped heating in
1986, and the plasma at
" i! Ulis is now cleaned by
a detergent solvent. Casteret's startling figures—
seventy-one per cent of all
the hemophiliacs in Paris
were infected by October
of 1985; ninety per cent
of Allain's private patients
were infected—have turned
into statistics. Yvette Sultan—the doctor who
bothered everyone for
heated concentrates—has
turned into an embarrassment to the profession.
People in the blood world
get along. Garretta is now
a "prisoner of his industrial politics." Allain is a
prisoner of the "palais
d'injtistice." Doctors here .
have begun to repeat a cynical claim that
Garretta made: that the blood that contaminated the hemophiliac children was
not necessarily the contaminated blood
am his factory. They say that, in any
- i t , Baxter Travenol would never have
Fken able to supply the heated stock "that
:; the hemophiliacs in Paris needed in
1985. (The truth is that the company
had enough for all the hemophiliacs in
France—sixty million units, or about a
fifth of its total export stock—and by
then six or seven other big foreign blood
companies were heating.) Doctors have
begun to say what Garretta "said in
court—that he wasfrightenedof American blood, of "mercenary" blood, which
still carried the risk of hepatitis nonAnonB, the one hepatitis virus that didn't
respond to heating. They have already
forgotten that in 1983, when Garretta
was importing, he bought seventeen million units of Baxter Travenol's unheated
Factor V m and never mentioned hepatitis. They look at Belgium—where no
one used comfort products and only
seven per cent of the hemophiliacs were
infected—and say that maybe the people
to blame for the affaire du sang were not
the specialists at all but "the litde doc-
•
s" who prescribed those products, and
i hemophiliacs who wanted them so
lly. They no longer talk about acj'untability, or about Garretta's monopoly. They say that even America
never really banned unheated products.
95
"O.K., justfor our records, how many of you have been
getting away with sleeping on top of the VCR ?"
They forget that America didn't have to
ban them. There was no monopoly in
America. American companies heated
plasma for the simple reason that if they
didn't the doctors would start buying
from their competitors. The doctors here
talk about the fallacy of "retrospective
knowledge." They observe what people
in France like to call "the hierarchies."
One of the reasons France had an
affaire du sang is that everyone here observes the hierarchies. Ten years ago,
Jean Bernard's word was better than
Jean-Baptiste Brunet's word or Christine
Rouzioux's word because Dr. Bernard
was at the top of the hierarchy and he
said that AIDS was not a serious problem.
All the important doctors said that it
was not a problem, and people believed
them because the doctors were covered
•with honors, they were members of the
Academy, they were the professors.
They were called les midecins mastodontes—and they looked out for themselves. Bernard left the board of the
Center quickly, in December of 1984,
and Jean-Pierre Soulier (who had tried
for years to heat) went with him, but
they never said why and they never said
"Stop!" Jacques Roux, who was one of
the mastodons, never said "Stop!" Luc
Montagnier, who was made a mastodon,
never said it, either.
The young doctors who were working on AIDS said it, but no one listened.
They were a small, close group. They had
been working together since 1982, and
one of them—Willy Rozenbaum—had
brought the first AIDS-infected ganglion
to the Institut Pasteur for eulturing. But
no one else Was much interested in AIDS.
It was not, as the French say, rentable—
in terms of grants, in terms of reputation.
The doctors are convinced that i f they
had gone to the press—if Rozenbaum or
Rouzioux or Brunet, or even Claude
Weisselberg, who had once been part of
their group, had gone to the press—
"Who would have believed us?" But they
do not often ask themselves why they
didn't try—why they observed the hierarchies—or what it says about "the mentality." They do not explain why everyone waited for the autorites de tutelle to do
something, why no one simply stopped
and said, "The responsibility is mine."
Ganetta flew to Boston after the first
trial, and came home only when the verdict was in and he had to go to prison.
Allain went back to Cambridge and
taught for the year. Colonel Recordon
started investigating eleven more people—
including Weisselberg, Gros, Habibi, and
even Jean-Baptiste Brunet—on charges
that they "poisoned" the hemophiliacs
with their silence. This month, a new
High Court will presumably decide
whether to hear the ministers themselves.
The literal meaning of the word tutelle is
guardian. Everyone here has a guardian
of some sort to take the responsibility for
what he does, or does not, choose to do. •
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Health Care Reform
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0810-F
Description
An account of the resource
<p>This collection consists of records related to Hillary Rodham Clinton's Health Care Reform Files, 1993-1996. First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton served as the Chair of the President's Task Force on National Health Care Reform. The files contain reports, memoranda, correspondence, schedules, and news clippings. These materials discuss topics such as the proposed health care plan, the need for health care reform, benefits packages, Medicare, Medicaid, events in support of the Administration's plan, and other health care reform proposals. Furthermore, this material includes draft reports from the White House Health Care Interdepartmental Working Group, formed to advise the Health Care Task Force on the reform plan.</p>
<p>This collection is divided into two seperate segments. Click here for records from:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0810-F+Segment+1"><strong>Segment One</strong></a> <br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=43&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2006-0810-F+Segment+2"><strong>Segment Two</strong></a></p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HRC Health Care Book 6: Health Reform [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0810-F Segment 1
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 39
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36144" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2068127" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Preservation-Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
5/5/2015
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
42-t-2068127-20060810F-Seg1-039-008-2015
2068127