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FOIA Number: 2006-0458-F
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�.,. ..........-
.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 17, 1997
MEMORANDUM TO DISTRIBUTION
FROM:
DON BAER; ANTONY BLINKEN, DAVID LEAVY
SUBJECT:
DENVER SUMMIT OF THE EIGHT TALKING POINTS
\
Attached are the official talking points for the Denver Summit of the Eight.
�There are three broad story-lines developing around the Denver Summit.
The first is Russia and its integration into the world's economic and political institutions.
Russia's participation in the Summit from the start as a quasi-full fledged member comes just after
the historic NATO-Russia security pact and just before the Madrid Summit. President Clinton's
steady, consistent support for reform in Russia and his determination to help bring Russia more
fully into the community of free market democracies -- as evidenced by Helsinki, Paris and
Denver -- is bearing fruit.
The second story is the success of the American economy -- in its own right and in
comparison to the economies of many of our Summit partners. Contrasted to Houston in
1990, or President Clinton's first summit in Tokyo in 1993, as well as with the performance of
most of the other Denver participants, the strength and vitality of the US economy are striking.
The President has the right strategy for the global economy: cutting the budget deficit, investing
in education and training for our people, and opening up the global marketplace to American
goods and services. Instead of running away from the world or our responsibilities, we are
shaping the forces of change and globalization to our advantage.
The third story is a result of the first two: Because of the President's success abroad (e.g.
dealing with Russia) and at home (e.g. building a strong economy) our partners once again
look to our country and our economy for leadership to meet the new challenges and
opportunities of integration and globalization. The President is using our leadership capital, at
this Summit and beyond, to organize the community of democracies in laying a strong foundation
for the 21st century -- preparing our people and our economies for the challenges of the global
marketplace; meeting new transnational threats to our security; and integrating new partners into
the community of free market democracies.
�2
II. BROAD MESSAGE POINTS
The World Looks to America. Four years ago in Tokyo, our partners told us to get our own
house in order. We did-- cutting the budget deficit by two-thirds, slashing unemployment,
keeping inflation at a thirty year low, reclaiming our position as the world's number one exporter.
Now, our success is a role model -- and we can focus the community of democracies to meet the
challenges of the 21st century.
Organizing America and our Partners to Make the Most of Integration and Globalization.
These summits play a key role in coordinating the political and economic strength of the world's
leading open market democracies -- and shaping the forces of change that have a direct impact on
people's lives. At the Denver Summit we will:
•
•
•
Continue to strengthen our economies and build a stable world financial system so America
can thrive in the global economy;
Increase cooperation to meet new, transnational threats to our common security like crime,
drugs, terrorism, environmental decay .and infectious diseases;
Integrate new partners -- Russia and Africa -- more fully into the international system and lock
in the gains of democracy and open markets.
America at the Pinnacle of Its Power-- and Responsibility. As America stands at the pinnacle
of its power, it also stands at the pinnacle of its responsibility. By taking the lead in building new
institutions and arrangements for the 21st century, President Clinton is rising to the responsibility
to meet the challenges of our time.
ill. SUMMIT GOALS
1. BUILDING STRONG ECONOMIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY:
We will continue the work we began in Halifax to prepare our economies for the challenges of the
21st century global economy and to strengthen stability in the world's emerging markets.
A. With Our Partners
Promoting Growth and Reducing Risks in the Global Economy
• Advance plan to reduce risks in global financial markets (e.g. Mexican Peso crisis) by building
network to supervise global financial institutions and increasing cooperation among fimmcial
regulators.
• Encourage other countries to adopt our strategy of reducing deficits, investing in people and
seeking export-led growth. To advance
effort, endorse Prime Minister's Blair's call for
an international conference on jobs.
• To combat corruption, adopt international convention to criminalize bribery; increase efforts
to fight money laundering; encourage open and accountable decision making.
this
�-~
--
-
. -..,.
"'
3
B. AtHome
Focus on Active Aging Populations:
• Invest in human capital through life-long learning to remove barriers and disincentives to
continued labor force participation for "young seniors";
• Strengthen pension and health systems;
• Promote active aging through information exchanges and cross national research;
• Encourage collaborative biomedical, behavioral research to increase understanding of aging
process.
Strengthening Small and Medium Sized Business
• Develop strategies to foster growth of small, medium business -- key source of job creation.
2. MEETING NEW TRANSNATIONAL THREATS TO OUR SECURITY:
Since 1993, President Clinton has led his Summit partners in addressing transnational threats from
international crime, drug trafficking, terrorism and weapons proliferation. In Denver, we will
work to develop concrete follow-on actions to the steps we've already taken, and focus on two
other global threats: damage to the environment and emerging infectious diseases like AIDS.
Global Security Threats
• Forge common approaches to combating money laundering and cyber-crime; increase
oooperation on extradition to bring criminals to justice quickly, efficiently.
• Strengthen coordination to fight supply and demand. related drug trafficking
• Push states to adopt international counter-terrorism conventions by 2000, including new
convention to suppress terrorist bombing;
• Share technologies to detect and deter weapons of mass destruction;
• Develop means to deter terrorist attacks on electronic and computer infrastructure.
• Strengthen protection of public transportation against terrorist attacks.
• Establish network of law enforcement and nuclear security officials to prevent and respond to
nuclear smuggling.
Infectious Diseases
• Provide investments necessary to accelerate AIDS vaccine research.
• Create global network to track and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Protecting Our Shared Environment
• Facilitate the transfer of environmentally sound technologies;
• Promote child survival and sustainable development by promoting clean water in the
developing world;
• Take action to address atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses;
• Adopt environmental standards for Export Credi~ Agencies;
• Children's environmental health initiative.
• Advance efforts to reform U.N. environmental institutions.
�4
3. INTEGRATING NEW PARTNERS INTO THE COMMUNITY OF FREE
MARKET DEMOCRACIES:
Bringing Russia more fully into the world economy -- through the Summit process and OECD,
WTO and Paris Club membership -- will help lock in gains of democracy and economic reform..
. The Summit also will focus on developing a new partnership with Africa based on trade and
investment, not simply aid, as a complement to American initiatives (Africa Trade & Investment
legislation). We will support African economies that pursue reform, fight corruption, open
markets and invest in people -- those that have are beginning to benefit from the global economy.
Integrating Russia into Key International Financial Institutions
• For the first time, Russia will take part in the Summit from the start.
• Seek agreement on conditions for Russia's early participation as creditor in Paris Club.
• Support goal of early Russian accession to WTO and OECD.
Partnership For Development on Africa:
• Improve access to markets of industrialized nations for African countries;
• Strengthen assistance and enhance opportunities for economic growth in African countries
committed to trade liberalization;
• · Target assistance to sound public administration; more efficient legal and judicial systems;
growth-oriented infrastructure development;
• Enhance food security;
• Establish information networks in Africa;
• Strengthen peacekeeping abilities and coordination.
Democracy and Human Rights
• Launch year-long effort, culminating in Birmingham Summit, to advance and coordinate
democracy and human rights policies and programs. Cornerstone of President Clinton
• Establish ministerial working group that will meet regularly to advance these goals.
�P.01/06
FAX TRANSMITIAL COVER
United Stat~s Information Agency
Office of the Director
Suite 800
301 4th Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20547
Telephone: (202) 619-4742
Fax: (202) 619-6705
TO: ________~T~h~e_H_o_no_r~a_bl_e__D~on_a_l_d_A_._B_a_e_r____________
FROM: ____~~Jo~~~p~p~K~r~a~v1~·t~z~----------------------DATE: ______~M=a~y~2~2~1 _1_9_9_7_________________________
Number of Pages;
(including fax transmittal cover)
~
Message=----~------------------. . . . . . . .------
�OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
May 22, 1997
MEMORANDUM TO: The Honorable Donald A. Baer
Director of Strategic Planning
The White House
FROM:
]oyc~ Kr~vi~
Chiefo~:-
SUBJECT:
Denver Summit of the Eight Public Diplomacy Strategy
I am sure that this violates basic protocol but I wanted you to see our wish list for
overseas press opportunities prior to the Denver summit. I thought It might help
you In your planning to see what we think the President and Cabinet could do.
With your support we could get these initiatives undenvay Immediately. What do
you think?
UNITED STAlES INFORMAllON AGENCY • WASHINGTON, D.C. 20547 • (202} 619-4742
�r.~U~/IUC
.'!
USIA Public Diplomacy Strategy for the Summit of the Eight, Denver, June 20-ll
As host for the Denver Summit, the United States Government has a unique opportunity to set
the tone of the proceedings and to promote its agenda priorities. Administration officials at the
highest levels can get these messages across to foreign audiences in Summit and other key
countries and their respective governments quickly, directly and without filters through a series
of public diplomacy initiatives developed by USIA. With just one month to go, the time to begin
these initiatives is now.
The focus of international public opinion on Russia vis-a-vis NATO should ease after the May
27 signing of the NATO-Russia Founding Act in Paris. With this crucial issue generally
resolved, world attention will tum to the upcoming Sununit, the important issues to be addressed
in Denver, and the role the Russians will play. USIA estimates that as many as 3000 media
representatives. some one-third international, will be in Denver to cover the Summit. The
credentialed press corps are the world's leading interlocutors in explaining the Summit process to·
their readers and audiences throughout the world.
The President met with the international media to outline. U.S. priorities in run·ups to both the
1993 and 1994 Summits. He has not met with the international media for a Sununit scene-setter
since that time (he had to cancel a planned session in 1995). With the Swnmit taking place in the
U.S. this year, the world will be looking to him and his Administration to outline official USG
positions. Since the amount of information on the Suminit agenda has been limited thus far, the
next few weeks offer a prime window of opportunity to articulate and build support for U.S.
positions at Denver,
With concurrence ftom the relevant government agencies, our plan is to feature key
Administration officials, e.g., the Vice President, Secretary Rubin, Secretary Albright, National
Security Adviser Berger, Under Secretary Eizenstat, Under Secretary Wirth, Assistant Secretary
Shattuck, and others, via our Worldnet television, digital video teleconferencing, VOA, Foreign
Press Center, and electronic print programming capabilities. The intended audienoes would be
opinion-makers in Summit and other important nations, and through placement via mass media,
the global community.
This series of interviews would be capped by a foreign press opportunity with the President just
prior to the opening of the Summit.
Proposed Action Plan:
Week of June 2-6
Secretary Rubin to brief on the economic agenda of the Summit at the Washington
Foreign Press Center. Q and A to follow. This would be the Secretary"s first press event
at the Washington FPC. We anticipate a capacity audience (over 75) ofU.S.-btLScd
foreign print and electronic media representatives with mass audiences in the Summit
�I
,ILl..,., UU
. countries and worldwide. USIA media (VOA, Worldnet and the daily Washington File)
would also cover.
Under Secretary Wirth to discuss the Summit's partnership for African development via a
Worldnet interactive television dialogue. Audiences would be government officials,
businesspeople, media and NGO representatives from such leading sub-Saharan nations
such as south Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, and Senegal. Opportunity for Q and A. This
session would showcase Summit efforts to focus global attention on the potential for
development in Africa in the post-Cold War era.
Series of op-cds by Administration officials on U.S. Denver Swnmit priorities begins
with placement in leading print media in Summit countries.
Fact sheets on U.S. perspectives on the Summit agenda placed on home pages, distributed
to overseas media and other contactJ;.
Follow-up on Denver Summit outcomes as appropriate in summer-fall1997 thematic
electronic journals (economics, global issues, etc.).
Week of June 9-13
An interview opportunity with the Vice President for a select group of 15-20 international
print and electronic media -- including participants :from Latin America, the Middle East
and East/South Asia -- on the overall Summit Agenda. Preferred venue would be the
White House. USIA media to cover.
Secretary Albright to participate in a Worldnet television interactive dialogue with a key
group of media representatives in Bonn. London, Ottowa, Moscow, Paris and Rome on
the security and international affairs agenda of the Summit. After brief remarks by the
Secretary, the program would be devoted to questions from interlocutors at the
participating posts. The program would be carried live on satellite tbroushout Europe
and the NIS. with anticipated broad placement.
NSC Adviser Berger to brief on the Swnmit's security and international affairs agenda at
the Washington FPC. We anticipate a large turnout for Berger's first appearance at the
FPC. Q and A to follow. USIA media would cover.
Under Secretary Eizenstat to participate in two digital video teleconferences with
audiences of Japanese and Canadian/West European governmental. economic and media
·policy and opinion-makers, respectively, to discuss the Summit"s economic agenda.
Anticipated broad media placement
Assistant Secretary Shattuck (or Sc:crc:tary Albright, if more appropriate) to piU'ticipatQ in
a Worldnet television discussion of the Demooraoy Initiative with President Vaolav Havel
ofthe Czech Republic. President Havel has a global reputation as a champion of liberty
�'
.
and has led the Czech Republic in its successful transition to a democratic system of
governance. Such a discussion, canied live on Worldnet satellite in Europe, would result
in mass placement in the continent, the NIS and internationally. In addition, the Assistant
Secretary could participate in a similar Worldnet television interactive dialogue •• with
the opportunity for Q and A-- with publics.in West European Summit nations, Canada
and from a non-Summit European nation known for its support of democracy and human
rights, such as the Netherlands or one of the Nordic states.
The Week of June 16·23
Before departure to Denver, an interview opportunity with the President for one print
journalist and one electronic journalist (plus attendant camem crews) from eaeh of the
eight Summit Nations. The preferred venue would be the White House. We have
attached a suggested list of preeminent U.S.-based foreign print journalists. They are:
Canada -- Mr. Graham Fraser, Globe and Mail (eire. 350,000-plus)
France •• Mr. Laurent Zecchini, Le Monde (eire. 500,000-plus)
Germany -- Ms. Carola Kaps. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitunfl
(eire. 400,000-plus)
Italy -- Mr. Marlo Calvo-Platero, ILSole 24Om (eire. 346,000)
Japan -- Mr. Shigeru Komago, Nihon Keizai ShimJ;mn (..Nikkei),
(eire. 3 million-plus)
Russia •• Mr. Vladimir Nadein. lzvestiya (eire. 630,000)
United Kingdom -- Ms. Patti Waldmeir, Financial Times (eire. 300,000-plus)
Electronic media from Summit nations (names forthcoming) which were scheduled to participate
in the canceled 1995 session with the President include:
Canada- CTV
France -- France TV 2
Gennany- ZDF
Italy -- RAI-l
Japan- NHK
Russia -· NTV
United Kingdom -- BBC
Additional USIA Programming for tbe Denver Summit:
50 USIA staff who will be In Denver the week of June 16-23 to assist with the public affairs
work of the Summit. We have established a Denver Summit website. Both the White House
home page and the:: Denver Host Committee home page will link to this USIA·produced site.
Administration statements and texts on Summit issues are being included in the daily
Washington File publication which is read by overseas elites.
�P.06/06
..
Our research operation has published polling results indicating how Americans. Japanese, West
Europeans and Russians view Denver Summit issues, which we have attached. We are
coordinating closely with the State Department's Bureau of Public Affairs to expedite State's
issuance of talking points which will then be transmitted to overseas field posts. Besides the SO
USIA staff detailed to Denver, another SO USIA staff in Washington will be working full~time on
Summit issues the week of June 16-23.
Drafted:D/C:VSidabras
May 22,1997
TOTt=IL P.06
�THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May29, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
CC:
ERSKINE BOWLES, JOHN POQESTA AND SYLVIA MATHEWS
FROM:
DON BAER AND VICTORIA RADD
SUBJECT:
DENVER SUMMIT TOWN HALL MEETING
Background. As you know, we have been trying to develop plans for a town hall
meeting in Denver, focussed on international relations and your vision of American leadership in
the world. Our original idea was for most of the questions to come &om young people •• both in
Denver and at satellite-linked sites around the world. To ensure full coverage, we wanted one of
the networks to present the town hall. We now have a proposal, but there is divided opinion
among your staff as to whether you should do this town hall meeting at this time; Erskine in
particular is strongly against the idea. We wanted you to have a full understanding of the
proposal's strengths and deficiencies so that you can make a final decision.
CNN proposal. CNN has proposed a plan that differs in several imponant respects from
our original idea. (ABC had been interested, but is unable to do this now; they may be able to do
so in the fall.) CNN wants an audience of about 2SO people in Denver, selected by CNN and
Gallup and tilted toward young people. They want Judy Woodruff' to moderate and ask many of
the questions; she would bring audience members into the discussion, but not as actively as in a
straight town hall format. CNN does not want to satellite in participants from around the world
other than their own correspondents (in Europe, Asia and perhaps Moscow). These
correspondents would ask questions of their own and introduce questions submitted through the
Internet by ordinary citizens in various countries. The CNN town hall meeting would be
broadcast live from 4:00 to 5:30p.m. MST on Thursday, June 19th, the day before the Summit
begins.
Pros. This offer affords you the opportunity to speak to the American people about your
foreign policy vision and its importance to their daily lives. It also enables you to use the
bully pulpit to draw greater attention to the Denver Summit, the history that will be made
there, and the issues you wish to highlight.
Cons. CNN' s proposal allows for more aggressive questioning than we had originally
intended. Although CNN maintains that at least 9QO/o of the discussion will center on
�foreign policy, they still leave room for very tough questions on that subject, plus a
handful of questions outside that area. Also, your own preparation time would have to be
extensive and could be difficult to squeeze in just before the Summit.
Staff views. Erskine sides against this proposal, mainly because of the difficulties of
ensuring proper preparation time right before a major summit. Doug is strongly opposed to the
proposal and Rahm leans against the proposal as well. Recognizing the potential pitfalls, Don still
favors it because of the big opportunity it represents to discuss the future of international relations
with the country. Sandy is very much in favor of going forward, because he believes the town
meeting would help explain in real terms to the American people what the Summit is all about.
Mike McCurry believes it is a close call, but leans in favor if we can obtain a guarantee that
CNN' s correspondents will focus only on international questions, and that they will select an
audience With an interest in international issues.
If we do not proceed with this town hall meeting, we would try to schedule a public event
to show that America and its economy are now the envy of the world (focusing perhaps on
Denver's high-tech economy). This would provide a strong contrast between the 1997 Denver
Summit (after 4 ~years ofyour strong economic. leadership) and the 1990 Houston Summit, at
which time America did not have its own economic house in order.
Proceed with CNN town hall meeting
Schedule alternative event
Discuss
2
�AmeriCorps National Service
Memorandum
c 0 RP 0 RAT r0 N
FOR NATIONAL
flSF.RVlCF.
To:
Ann Lewis
From:
J Toscano and Dan Kerrigan
Telephone:
202.606,5000 Ext. 202
Date:
May 20, 1997
Re:
National Service and the Summit of the Eight
Fax:
202.565.2849
THE CONCEPT
On June 20-22, 1997 the annual G7 economic summit, "The Summit of the Eight," will
be hosted by the United States in Denver, Colorado. The meeting has been known as the
Group of Seven Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations. and it includes the United
States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Canada. About 3,000 delegates and
6,000 journalists are expected in ,June fo'l' the 23rd annual summit meetings. While the.
primary news focus will be on international trade and economic issues and how they
impact the 07 nations, there is an opportunity to~ ~ significant sidebar ston: i2I
the U.S. ~ !2!l the value of national service jn general and Ameri.Cox:ps in specific
Since the launch of AmeriCorps in 1994, many countries have se.nt delegations tD study
Ameri.Corps as a model for developing national" service progl'ams. This mo-vemen1.:has; ,
accelerated with European military downsizing and the end of military conscription in ·
many countries. In the past two years Corporation for National Service· personnel have
met with representatives of foreign governments from:
• of the G7 nations: Japan, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Canada
• Russia
• other nations:
Argentina, Brazil, Catalonia, China, Eritrea, Hungary, Korea,
Naiiiibia, New Guinea, Romania. South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan R.O.C., and Thailand
THE PROPOSAL- THE EVENT
Witb the intense media concentration on~ Summit Qf the Eight, we can create!\
event that highlights ~ ~ gf national service as portrayed th.mugh AmeriCoz:ps .
.thBt will ~ significant ~ coverage. Such an event, carefully crafted and
orchestrated, can place high in the network news shows on the day we hold it, not
unlike the AmeriCorps event at Nebinger Elementary School during the Presidents'
Summit, which was the lead visual on two of the three major news networks the day it
was held, and it can be a deep well for a number of print stories.
We can create an imaginative, visual site visit, where the President invites select
foreign leaders to accompany him to see AmeriCorps in action. We recommend the
Ameri.Corps"'National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) 1:1.t Lowry Ai..l'base.
1201 NeG' York Avt~ur, NW
DC.: :!OS~$
Telephone 202-60&-5nM
Wuhill~~ton,
GeaiDg 1binp PoPe.
Amet!Corpo, Nllltonal Setvlcc
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NCCC is one of our premier Ameri.Corps programs. It is run by former military officers
and it is about 1,000 members stt·ong. Corps members are based on downsized or closed
military facilities in Denver, CO, San Diego, CA, and Charleston, SC; smaller bases are
located at Virginia's Fort Belvoir and the Veterans' medical facility at Peny Point,
Maryland. There are about 250 members at Denver's Lowry Airbase. Their term of
service runs from October through .July. Sidenote: they are involved in an America
Reads summer program in the Denver schools this summer.
NCCC is modeled on FDR's Civilian Conservation Corps. Corpsmembers are 18·
24 years old, they work in teams of a do2:en for the year, and they do much of
their service in "spike'' projects -- usually focused on the environment •• in
communities all across America.
The le~slation for NCCC was passed in 1991 as part of defense conversion and
the lead sponsors were Senators Wofford, Warner, Domenici, Mikulski, Dole, and
Boren. NCCC was folded into -· and launched with -- AmeriCOrps in 1994. The
current NCCC director is retired Lieutenant General Andrew Chambers, who
commanded the Third Army ·• the free world's largest •· in defense of Europe.
I
•
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.
�JOYCE KRAVITZ
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�United States
Information
Agency
Office of the Dtrector
Washington, D.C. 20547
USIA
The Honorable Samuel Berger
Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
The White House
Dear Sandy:
As host of the Summit of the Eight in Denver, the Administration
has a unique opportunity to set the tone of the proceedings and
to promote its agenda priorities. To support these efforts, USIA
has developed a series of public diplomacy initiatives to enable
leading Administration officials to get their messages to""\e~ ·:
foreign audiences quickly, directly, and without filters.
The~
time to begin these initiatives is now.
With concurrence from relevant government ~gencies, our plan is
to feature high-ranking officials, such as· the Vice President,
Secretary Rubin, Secretary Albright, yourself and others, via our
WORLDNET television, digital video teleconferencing, VOA, Foreign
Press Center and electronic print programming capabilities. The
intended audiences would be opinion-makers in Summit and other
important nations and, through placement via mass media, the
world community.
The centerpiece of this strategy is a scene-setter by the
President for preeminent foreign press just prior to the opening
of the Summit. The world will be looking to him and his
Administration to outline official USG positions. We see this as
a significant opportunity for the President to reach beyond
foreign governments in order to communicate directly with
overseas publics to build support for our foreign policy
objectives.
Our foreign media strategy is enclosed for your information.
With your support, we hope to initiate this public affairs
strategy drawing upon the President and Administration leaders to
articulate and advance U.S. goals for the Denver Summit.
Sincerely,
Joseph Duffey
Director
�United States
Information
Agency
Washington. D.C. 20547
USIA
USIA Public Diplomacy Strategy for the Summit of the Eight, Denver, June 20-22
As host for the Denver Summit, the United States Government has a unique opportunity to set
the tone of the proceedings and to promote its agenda priorities. Administration officials at the
highest levels can get these messages across to foreign audiences in Summit and other key
countries and their respective governments quickly, directly and without filters through a series
of public diplomacy initiatives developed by USIA. With just one month to go, the time to begin
these initiatives is now.
The focus of international public opinion on Russia vis-a-vis NATO should ease now that the
May 27 signing of the NATO-Russia Founding Act in Paris has taken place. With this crucial
issue generally resolved, world attention will tum to the upcoming Summit, the impoR:ant isspes
to be addressed in Denver, and the role the Russians will play. USIA estimates that a5 r'nany-b
3000 media representatives, some one-third international, will be in Denver to cover the Summit.
The credentialed press corps are the world's leading interlocutors in explaining the Summit
process to their readers and audiences throughout the world. , , ·
The President met with the international media to outline U.S. priorities in run-ups to both the
1993 and 1994 Summits. He has not met with the international media for a Summit scene-setter
since that time (he had to cancel a planned session in 1995). With the Summit taking place in the
U.S. this year, the world will be looking to him and his Administration to outline official USG
positions. Since the amount of information on the Summit agenda has been limited thus far, the
next few weeks offer a prime window of opportunity to articulate and build support for U.S.
positions at Denver.
With concurrence from the relevant government agencies, our plan is to feature key
Administration officials, e.g., the Vice President, Secretary Rubin, Secretary Albright, National
Security Adviser Berger, Under Secretary Eizenstat, Under Secretary Wirth, Assistant Secretary
Shattuck, and others, via our WORLDNET television, digital video teleconferencing, VOA,
Foreign Press Center, and electronic print programming capabilities. The intended audiences
would be opinion-makers in Summit and other important nations, and through placement via
mass media, the global community.
This series of interviews would be capped by a foreign press opportunity with the President just
prior to the opening of the Summit.
Proposed Action Plan:
Week of June 2-6
Secretary Rubin to brief on the economic agenda of the Summit at the Washington
Foreign Press Center. Q and A to follow. This would be the Secretary's first press event
�-2at the Washington FPC. We anticipate a capacity audience (over 75) ofU.S.-based
foreign print and electronic media representatives with mass audiences in the Summit
countries and worldwide. USIA media (VOA, WORLDNET and the daily Washington
File) would also cover.
Under Secretary Wirth to discuss the Summit's partnership for African development via a
WORLDNET interactive television dialogue. Audiences would be government officials,
businesspeople, media and NGO representatives from such leading sub-Saharan nations
as South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, and Senegal. Opportunity for Q and A. This session
would showcase Summit efforts to focus global attention on the potential for
development in Africa in the post-Cold War era.
Series of op-eds by Administration officials on U.S. Denver Summit priorities-begins
with placement in leading print media in Summit countries.
.. -: ....l
Fact sheets on U.S. perspectives on the Summit agenda placed on home pages, distributed
to overseas media and other contacts.
Follow-up on Denver Summit outcomes as appropriate in summer-fall 1997 thematic
electronic journals (economics, global issues, etc.).
Week of June 9-13
An interview opportunity with the Vice President for a select group of 15-20 international
print and electronic media -- including participants from Latin America, the Middle East
and East/South Asia -- on the overall Summit Agenda. ~,>referred venue would be the
White House. USIA media to cover.
Secretary Albright to participate in a WORLDNET television interactive dialogue with a
key group of media representatives in Bonn, London, Ottawa, Moscow, Paris and Rome
on the security and international affairs agenda of the Summit. After brief remarks by the
Secretary, the program would be devoted to questions from interlocutors at the
participating posts. The program would be carried live on satellite throughout Europe
and the NIS, with anticipated broad placement.
NSC Adviser Berger to brief on the Summit's security and international affairs agenda at
the Washington FPC. We anticipate a large turnout for Berger's first appearance at the
FPC. Q and A to follow. USIA media to cover.
Under Secretary Eizenstat to participate in two digital video teleconferences with
audiences of Japanese and Canadian/West European governmental, economic and media
policy and opinion-makers, respectively, to discuss the Summit's economic agenda.
Anticipated broad media placement.
�-3Assistant Secretary Shattuck (or Secretary Albright, if more appropriate) to participate in
a WORLDNET television discussion of the Democracy Initiative with President Vaclav
Havel of the Czech Republic. President Havel has a global reputation as a champion of
liberty and has led the Czech Republic in its successful transition to a democratic system
of governance. Such a discussion, carried live on WORLDNET satellite in Europe,
would result in mass placement in the continent, the NIS and internationally. In addition,
the Assistant Secretary could participate in a similar WORLDNET television interactive
dialogue--with the opportunity for Q and A--with publics in West European Summit
nations, Canada, and from a non-Summit European nation known for its support of
democracy and human rights, such as the Netherlands or one of the Nordic states.
The Week of June 16-23
Before departure to Denver, an interview opportunity with the President for one'"print4~
journalist and one electronic journalist (plus attendant camera crews) from each of the
eight Summit Nations. The preferred venue would be the White House. A suggested list
of preeminent U.S.-based foreign print journalists inclupes:
I'
Canada -- Mr. Graham Fraser, Globe and Mail (eire. 350,000-plus)
France -- Mr. Laurent Zecchini, Le Monde (eire. 500,000-plus)
Germany -- Ms. Carola Kaps, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
(eire. 400,000-plus)
Italy -- Mr. Mario Calvo-Platero, Il Sole 24 Ore (eire. 346,000)
Japan -- Mr. Shigeru Komago, Nihon Keizai Shimbun ("Nikkei),
(ci~c. 3 million-plus)
Russia -- Mr. Vladimir Nadein, Izvestiya (eire. 630,000)
United Kingdom -- Ms. Patti Waldmeir, Financial Times (eire. 300,000-plus)
Electronic media from Summit nations (names forthcoming) which were scheduled to participate
in the canceled 1995 session with the President include:
Canada -- CTV
France -- France TV 2
Germany -- ZDF
Italy -- RAI-l
Japan-- NHK
Russia -- NTV
United Kingdom -- BBC
�-4Additional USIA Programming for the Denver Summit:
50 USIA staff will be in Denver the week of June 16-23 to assist with the public affairs work of
the Summit. We have established a Denver Summit website. Both the White House home page
and the Denver Host Committee home page will link to this USIA-produced site. Administration
statements and texts on Summit issues are being included in the daily Washington File
publication which is read by overseas elites.
Our research operation has published polling results indicating how Americans, Japanese, West
Europeans and Russians view Denver Summit issues, which we have attached. We are
coordinating closely with the State Department's Bureau of Public Affairs to expedite State's
issuance of talking points which will then be transmitted to overseas field posts. Besides the 50
USIA staff detailed to Denver, another 50 USIA staff in Washington will be working full-time on ,
Summit issues the week of June 16-23.
'" - ~~
------------
---~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ j
�,.
Unleed Stams
lnfonnatlon
Agency
Aprilll, 1997
WASHINGTON DC 20547.0001
USIA
MEMORANDUM
Director~~
TO:
Ann Pincus,
Office of Research and Media ~action
FROM:
R- Alvin Riehm~..],(
SUBJECT: HOW AMERICANS RATE G'1 SUMMIT ISSUES
SUMMARY-- About three-fourths of the American. public give "top priority• ratings
to certain. foreign policy objectives bearing directly on. U.S. domestic well being (e.g.,
halting the flow of illegal drugs into the U.S.) or serving U.S. "global interests• tha.t
. we sha.re with other countries (e.g., preventing nuclear arms proliferation., cou~~ng •
intema.tion.al terrorism). In. contrast, barely a fourth of the public give top rciti.to various "global altruism• objectives (e.g., promoting democracy, aiding developing.
nations) that are seen. CIS benefitting primarily other countries.
"
Most Americans (78%) continue to have a favorable overoll image of the United
Nations. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion (roughly two-fifths) approves the
U.S. linking payment of back dues it owes the United Nations to reforms of the U.N.
requested by the U.S.
U.S. Public's Core Values in Foreign Affairs
In-depth analyses of several major post-Cold War surveys on foreign affairs1 show
Americans' views on U.S. foreign policy goals consistently fall into four distinct
attitude ~ups. These differ considerably m.the priority accorded them by the
public. The first three groups below contain items [in bold print] proposed for the
upcoming G7 summit:
·
(1) u.s. "Domestic Issues" linked to foreign policy (countering megal drugs and
immigrants, protecting American jobs) have the highest ratings. About 76 percent
of Americans on average view these issues as "very important" (Chicago Council
survey) or as •a top priority" (Times Mirror Center survey).1
1
The 8U1'981B were aponaored by the Chicago Counell on Foreign Relations (10/94) and the
Times Mirror Center (9198 and 6196).
•
The Cblcago 0cnmc11 and Times Mirror BUn"eJB used ~-worded response
categories, but obtained afmOar results for most of the foreign poUq goals. tested b)' both surveys.
1
�2
(2) U.S. "Global Interests" (preventing nuclear proliferation, countering
international terrorism, and improving the global environment) have the
highest ratings among the three groups of strictly foreign policy issues. About 60.;.
70 percent of Americans rate these concerns "very important." The foreign policy
goal of"strengthening the United Nations" also falls into this category, but
receives a lower rating than other objectives in this group (48% "very important" on
the average).
(8) All measures of "Global Altruism" (promotb;lg democracy and human rights
abroad, aidil1.g developing nations, "protecting ~eaker nations against foreign
aggression") have experienced a decline in support since the end of the Cold War,
and this group contains the lowest ratings by far. About 20-80 percent of the public
·
considers these issues "very important."'
..
(4) Not represented on the proposed G7 agenda is a "Military Security" group of .
;~
foreign policy objectives (e.g., defending our allies' security, maintaining U.S.
military power). These rank about midway between U.S. "Global Interests" and
"Global Altruism,• with about 45 percent of the public' bn average perceiving the
objectives in this group as "very important."
Attitudes toward the United Nations
The most recent poll on the United Nations <Xime-CNN, Feb. 5-6, 1997) found
nearly three-fourths of Americans (78%) have a favorable general opinion of the
United Nations (21% "very favorable" and 52% "somewhat favorable"), while about
one-fourth have an unfavorable image of the U.N. (16%' "somewhat unfavorable"
and 8% "v8r,y unfavorable"). The American public's esteem for the U.N. nqw is
slightly belbw the high-point following the Perman Gulf war (77'11 favorable), but is
higher than the levels that prevailed in the 1970's and 1980's (about 609& favorable
on the average).
U.N. reforms and U.S. back dues- Two polls have asked questions about this
issue, and in both cases question wording and the order in which the questions
were asked appear to have biased their results - but in opposite directions.
·
Presumably, public support for the U.S. linldng payment of back dues to U.N.
reforms lies between the results obtained on these two polls (i.e., between 289& and
47%):
8
'lbe goal ot•combatmg world hunger" also f'aDs Into this group, but recelvea a much higher
rating than other objectives In this group (66,. "vert Important").
�,.
8
(1) United Nations Association!Wirtblin Group, 4196: The UNA first asked
whether "U.N. member states" in general should be allowed to link dues payments
owed the U.N. to reforms of the U.N. they think are needed. Only 18 percent
responded affirmatively, compared to 78 percent who said U.N. members should not
withhold dues payments as a way "to pressure other members to agree to changes it
believes are needed." [Italics. added] The UNA then asked abo~t the U.S.
specifically. Support for the U.S. linking its debt payment to U.N. reforms (28%)
was higher than in the general case (18%); but it probably was deflated by the
desire of some respondents to be consistent with the principle of non-linkage
(endorsed by 78% of the respondents on the first question) in answering the second
question:
-&garding the United States in particular, some people say America's large share of
dues gives the United StateS special leverage over other U.N. member coufitries. rDo '
you believe that the United States should always pay its full dues to the U.N. on--t
schedule, or should the United States hold back its dues to pressure other members
to agree to changes it believes are needed?" [Italics added]
U.S. should always pay its full dues on schJule
U.S. should be able to hold back its dues
Other responses (Volunteered), don't know
64%
28
8
(2) Time-CNN/Yankeloyicb, 2/97: This poll mentioned a specific dollar
amQunt that the U.S. currently owes the U.N., which probably had the effect of
boosting support for withholding payment:
"As you may know, the United States currently owes the United Nations
approximately one billion dollars in back,dues. Do you think the United States
shohld: (a) Pay the U.N. now what it owes in back dues because it is the U.S.'s
oblfgation to pay its share of the U.N. budget; or (b) Not pay back dues to the U.N.
until iii carries out reforms that the U.S. has ~uested.·
U.S. should pay its back dues to the U.N.
U.S. should link p&yment ofback dues to U.N. reforms
Other responses (Volunteered), don't know
For further information regarding this report contact:
AI Richman (202) 619-6140
41%
47
12
�•
.,
•
OPINION
ANALYSIS
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON DC 20547
May 19, 1997
M-82-97
Japan on the World Stage
Public's Economic Worries At Home May Be a Constraint
Japanese Prime Minister Hashimoto takes to the G-7
in Denver a reputation as a strong, experienced
player on the international stage. His own public at
home has generally supported a more active
international role for Japan, though primarily in
areas such as environmental protection and foreign
economic aid rather than in the more loaded political
and security spheres. But after six years of recession,
Japanese may be preoccupied with the fundamental
economic and fiscal restructuring needed at home to
secure their nation's own economic future.
and economic growth should be the top priorities
for the world leaders. International terrorism leads
--.'
l
second tier concerns.
. .. ~*
At Home: Economic Worries Now•••
Japan's ~~timated 3.6 percent growth in GOP last
year was tops for the G-7, but weaknesses in the
economy early this year underscored the fragility of
Japan's recovery. The Japanese public, for its part,
remains largely unconvinced that Japan is on track to
economic health:
Key Findings
Results from a mid-April USIA-sponsored poll*
show:
• The Japanese public perceives a still struggling
economy and is beginning to sense the impending
national burden of a graying population. People
are concerned about their own retirement and their
children's future.
• Most (81%) continue to see the economy in poor
shape, although the proportion who say "very
poor" has dropped (from 32% in January to 23%).
• Only 9 percent predict any improvement over the
coming year, while 35 percent think things will
get worse. Half (49%) believe conditions will
remain about the same.
·
••.And the Future Burden of a Graying Population
• There is a broad consensus that Japan can play a
global environmental role, but much less
agreement on other possible international roles. In
fact, support for foreign aid has slipped. There is
now majority support for dispatching Japan's SelfDefense Forces (SDF) to assist in UN
peacekeeping - but not to places where there
might still be fighting.
Recent news that last year saw the first - and earlierthan-expected - shrinkage of Japan's "productive"
population (age 15-64) has probably heightened
concerns about the nation's ability to support a
rapidly graying citizenry. People are worried that the
prosperous economy they have worked so hard to
build may not work for them in their retirement - or
for their children.
• At the Denver summit, the public thinks that
environmental problems - a perennial concern -
• Face-to-face interviews were conducted April10-13, 1997 QltiOng a representative IUJtional sample o/1,362 adults age 20 tJ1IIl over.
�2
When asked to pick the two most important
economic issues for the government (from a list
of six):
• A majority (55%) choose "preparing for the
welfare needs of Japan's aging population"
while 42 percent point to the health of
financial institutions.
• Others think the most important issues are a
slow economic growth rate or excessive
government regulation of business.
Half (48%) think that the next generation will be
worse off than Japanese are today. While a third
think they will be about the same, few (6%)
expect the next generation to be better off.
1. Most Important Economic Issues
for Japan's Government (2 choices)
Preparing for welfare needs of
Japan's aging population
SS%
Health of financial institutions
42
Slow economic growth rate
29
Excessive govt. regulations on
business
22
Low Yen relative to U.S. dollar
13
Trade disputes with other countries
--.{J
:~~
In the annual "Social Consciousness" poll fielded by the Prime Minister's Office last December, a record
56 percent felt that their country was headed in a "bad direction," ail~ the nation's budget deficit emerged
as the top reason given for this concern. In fact, Prime Minister Hashimoto has made fiscal reform a top
priority with plans to balance the budget by the year 2003. Austerity measures include a review of the
nation's pension system and national health insurance reforms in an attempt to hold down the natural
increases in spending resulting from Japan's aging populace.
Public Sees Environment, Economy as Top Issues for Denver
The Japanese public thinks that environmental
problems (picked by 55%) and promoting
economic growth (35%) are the two most
important issues for world leaders to talk about in
Denver this summer.
With the hostage situation at the Japanese
ambassador's residence in Lima still unresolved at
the time of the survey, terrorism leads second-tier
concerns, including the value of the dollar, illegal
drugs, and AIDSIHIV.
One-in-ten
pick
strengthening rules to prevent corruption in
international business.
2. Top Issues for Denver Summit (2 choices)
Environmental problems
55%
Promoting economic growth
35
Coordinating policies against
terrorism
22
Stabilizing the value of the
U.S. dollar
17
Combating drugs/trafficking
17
The public seems to view the G-7 as an
Combating AIDSIHIV, infectious
16
appropriate forum for Japan: a plurality think that
diseases
Japan's long term prosperity is more closely
Strengthening rules to pre.vent
linked to the U.S. and Europe (46%) than to its
corruption in ind. business
8
East Asia trading partners (30%; 24% "don't
know"). However, the U.S. is perceived as the
real key for Japan: last January, a USIA poll showed a plurality (43%) expected the U.S. to be Japan's
closest economic partner into the next century (vs. China, 28%; ASEAN, 11 %; or Europe, 1%).
�3
Japan's International Role: After the Environment, What?
As a measure of the importance that Japanese place on the environment, a majority (57%) say protecting
the environment should come first, even if it slows Japan's economic growth. Only 11 percent say that
economic growth should be given priority, although 27 percent volunteer that the environment and economic
growth should be given equal priority.
In line with their environmentalism at home, a
majority (62%) think that contributing to global
environmental protection should be one of Japan's
most important international roles. Other roles
- helping to prevent weapons proliferation,
providing economic assistance to developing
countries, and helping to boost global economic
growth by reviving Japan's own economy- are
each picked by about a quarter.
Somewhat fewer see supporting democracy and
human rights as one of the most important things
Japan can do; fewer still think Japan's
contribution should be its Self-Defense Forces for
UN peacekeeping.
3. Most Important W~~ That Japan Should
Contribute to International Society (2 choices)
62%
Global environmental protection
Cooperate to prevent weapons
proliferation
--2~_
<
..
Economic assistance to lesserdeveloped countries
25
Boost global ~nomic growth by
reviving Japan's economy
24
Supporting democracy/human rights
16
~~
The Prime Minister's Office annual poll on
Contributing SDF to UN peacekeeping
9
foreign affairs fielded last October documented
similar international priorities for Japan. Helping
to solve global environmental problems (44%) was the top pick, followed by "helping to maintain world
peace by contributing to the peaceful resolution of conflicts" (38%). Smaller minorities (roughly a quarter
in each case) chose promoting the healthy development of the wqrld economy, assisting developing
countries, and protecting democracy and freedom.
Support for Foreign Aid Slips
Japan's official development assistance (ODA) tripled between 1985 and 1995, and the country became the
world's top aid donor. But Japan's ODA fell by an estimated 35 percent last year- largely due to a
weakened yen - while outlays for this year were held to an increase of slightly over 2 percent, and next year
may actually bring a cut. The foreign aid budget is no longer sacred in Japan, and this seems to suit the
current public mood.
In the April USIA poll, fully three-quarters of the public say they favor providing economic assistance to
poorer, less developed countries. But the proportion favoring aid drops to only 28 percent "if that meant
there might be less money to spend on problems in our country." "Hard core" support for foreign aid has
decreased from measures taken in 1989 and 1991, at the height of Japan's economic bubble. (See Table
4 below.)
�4
4. Favor/Oppose Japan Providing Economic Assistance
Feb
Apr
1983
(1005)
~
Strongly favor
Somewhat favor
(Subtotal)
25%
54
(79)
26%
56
(82)
Strongly/Somewhat Oppose
(13)
(10)
(1006)
May
1989
(1011)
Jun
1991
(1012)
Apr
1997
(1362)
27%
2!.
21%
56
(85)
25%
57
(82)
m>
( 8)
(12)
(18)
ASKED OF ALL THOSE WHO FAVOR FOREIGN AID: Would you still favor assistant;!
if that meant there might be less money to spend on problems in our country?
..
Would still favor
31%
33%
Would oppose
37
40
40%
37%
28%
,34
35
40
.
- .,.
........
''
USIA Polls
The annual Prime Minister's Office foreign affairs polls also show that support for increases in Japan's
foreign aid dropped sharply after 1991. Since then, pluralities have favored maintaining current levels of
aid (in 1996: 47% favored the present level, 33% favored increases, and 15% wanted Japan to cut or
eliminate its foreign aid).
The USIA poll shows that the public widely supports most of Japan's foreign aid "principles" endorsed by
the Cabinet in 1992:
• Three-fourths (78%) think it is important (39% say "very important") for Japan to consider a recipient
country's commitment to protecting the environment when deciding to give economic assistance.
• Three-fourths say it is important (33% "very important") to consider a country's progress toward
democracy and basic human rights.
• Seven-in-ten (including 21% "very important") think that Japan should consider a country's
development toward a free market economy.
• However, there is less consensus on considering a country's level of weapons expenditures when
deciding to give aid: half think it is important, while 29 percent do not.
Reflecting Japan's traditional aid priorities, a majority (57%) think it is most important for Japan to give
aid in Asia. However, the public picks Africa as next most important (24%), in line with Tokyo's new
commitment to Africa through the Asian-African Forum. Few see either Latin America (5%) or Eastern
Europe (2%) as the top Japanese priority.
�5
Terrorism Threat to Japanese
Polled shortly before the end to the hostage crisis in Lima, eight-in-ten see international terrorism as a threat
to Japanese (43% say a "great threat"). According to a Yomiuri Shimbun telephone poll taken immediately
after the hostage rescue, seven-in-ten believe that terrorist attacks on Japanese and Japanese businesses are
likely to increase.
The Yomiuri poll also shows widespread public support in Japan for Peruvian President Fujimori's decision
to use force (81 %), and "understanding" for his decision not to inform Japan beforehand (19% think it was
a reasonable decision; 61% consider it "unavoidable"). Although a majority (63%) favor negotiation to
resolve similar incidents in the future, most would accede to the use of force if negotiations failed to produce
results and the incident became protracted.
Despite last year's G-7 pledge on terrorism, the USIA poll shows that the Japanese public is largely
uncertain about whether Japan, the U.S. and Europe are doing much to cooperate in fightingiqtemational
terrorism: while 39 percent think they are cooperating at least a fair amount, 30 percent disagreeanti 30
percent are uncertain.
Increased Support for UN Peacekeeping, At Least for Non-Comb1at Roles
''
A willingness to send people- to sweat, if not shed blood- is one measure of the strength of the public's
support for Japan's active involvement in world affairs. With experience in assisting UN peacekeeping in
Cambodia, Mozambique and the Golan Heights now under the nation's belt, a majority (61% vs. 28%) back
the dispatch of non-combat Self-Defense Force (SDF) units to assist in UN peacekeeping abroad. Past polls
showed the public much more divided. However, public sentiment is virtually reversed when asked to
consider sending armed SDF units to assist where there might still be fighting (61% are opposed; 28% in
favor). In this case, opposition is only slightly less widespread now than in 1993, during the SDF's first
dispatch abroad (an engineering battalion in Cambodia).
Prepared by James S. Marshall, RIAA (202-619-5982; marshall@usia.gov)
Issued by the Office of Research and Media Reaction, USIA
L
�6
How the Poll Was Taken
Poll results are from a public opinion survey based on face-to-face interviews with a nationally representative
sample of 1,362 Japanese age 20 and over, carried out Aprill0-13, 1997, by Chuo Chosa Sha as part of its
monthly omnibus survey.
The questions were written by the USIA Office of Research. The Japanese translation was prepared by the
contractor, and checked by USIS Tokyo and the Office of Research.
Nineteen times out of twenty, the results based on the sample used in this survey will differ by no more than
3 percentage points in either direction from what would be found if it were possible to interview every adult
in the country.
.
···.
·,.
In addition to sampling error, the practical difficulties of conducting a survey of public opinion"btay
introduce other sources of error into the results.
Additional technical information on the methodology of the survey
~Y
''
be obtained from the analyst.
�EUROPEAN
OPINION ALERT
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, DC 20547
MAY 21,1997
L-23-97
Publics Want Governments To Rein
In Foreign Corruption
The communique issued following the G-7 finance
ministers' April meeting in Washington stressed the
"corrosive effects of bribery and corruption
generally on the achievement of sustainable
economic development, growth and stability. "
Preliminary results from just-completed USIA
surveys show that majorities in Britain, France,
Germany and Japan support efforts to end foreign
bribery's position as part of "business as usual."
KEY FINDING
• Solid majorities in Britain, France, Germany and
Japan say that bribing local officials abroad is
wrong and that their governments should do
something to stop it.
Publics Opposed to Corruption In Business
Majorities in western Europe solidly oppose using
bribery as part of standard business practice. Seven
in ten in Britain and Germany and six in ten in
France say that their governments should take steps
to stop their countries' businesspeople from bribing
local officials in order to win contracts. Sizable
minorities in western Europe, however, believe that
businesses should be permitted to "do whatever is
necessary."
Public Opinion Toward
Briberf
"As you may know, some companies doing business
internationally occasionally win contracts by bribing
loeb.~ officials. Some people say that bribery
is wrong and that the government should take steps
to stop this country's businesspeople from bribing
Third World officials. Others say that it is naive
to think that bribery can be stopped in the Third World
and that our companies have to do whatever
is necessary to secure contracts. Which of these
opinions is closer to your own?"
Companies
Bribery is have to do what DKI
wrong
is necessary
NA
Britain
71%
26
3
France
63%
34
3
Germany
69%
29
3
Japan
62%
13
26
Similarly, in Japan six in ten say bribery is wrong
and should be stopped. While only one in ten fmd
bribery of local officials in other countries
acceptable, a large percentage of the public (26%)
expresses no opinion on this issue.
Prepared by Anna E. Sweeney, RIEU (202-619-5144; reu@wla.gov), Issued by the Office of Research and Media Reaction, USIA. Based on
preliminary results from USIA-commissioned tekphone surveys ofadulls 18 years ofage and older in Britain (NOP, 964 ), France (Louis Harris,
1001) and Germany (EMNID, 1005) conducted in mid-May 1997 and a survey in Japan (Chuo Chosa Sha, 1362face to face interviews with adults
age 20 and older) conducted in mid-April.
�OPINION
ANALYSIS
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON DC 20547
November 25, 1996
M-231-96
West Europeans Put Environment
Ahead of Economic Growth
.
Environmental protection is a key European issue,
but one potentially at odds with a top public
concern -- the economy. USIA polls conducted in
western Europe show publics concerned about the
quality of the environment and desirous that
something be done about it. Yet, the results suggest
that the public may want to have their
environmental "cake" and eat it too.
West Europeans are concerned about environmental
quality and many If not most are willing to do
something about it.
Virtually all in Britain, France and Germany agree
that environmental damage is a serious problem in
their country -- two-thirds of each public agree
strongly. Moreover, a majority in each country
Gust over half in France, two-thirds in Germany and
three-fourths in Britain) would support higher taxes
if the additional revenues were used to prevent
environmental damage. As one would expect,
support for environmental taxation is highest among
those who feel environmental damage is a problem
and lowest among the minority who disagree.
In choosing between the environment and the
economy, West European publics tend to favor the
environment.
Asked if environmental protection should be given
priority, even at the risk of inhibiting economic
growth, solid majorities in Britain, France,
(
Germany, Italy and Spain agree. Ju§t-~as many
or fewer in each country feel economic growth
should be given priority, even if the environment
suffers to ,~orne extent. Believing environmental
damage is a serious problem is an important factor
in shaping public thinking on the tradeoff. Most of
those concerned about environmental damage
would do something about it even at the expense of
the economy. Among those less concerned about
environmental damage: in Germany as many favor
the economy as favor the environment, while in
Britain and France somewhat more would give
priority to ~onomic growth.
At least In part, the public willingness to pursue
environmental protection at the expense of the
economy appears to stem from a belief that society
can do both.
Majorities in Britain, France and Germany believe
that high environmental standards are JlQ1 at odds
with competitiveness and economic growth, while
far fewer feel that high environmental standards
lead to the loss of jobs and slower economic
growth. Half in each country believe both that
environmental protection should be given priority
over economic growth and that the two are
compatible with each other.
Prepared by Mark Teare, Office of Research and Media Reaction, USIA (202-619-5104; reu@usia.gov). Based on USIA-commissioned
surveys of adults in Britain (IRB Inti., 1010 interviews), France (So/res, 1002), Germany (BASIS Research, 1200),1taly (Pragma, 1000) and
Spain (Union Research, 1001) and conducted in May and June 1996. Not all questions were asked in Italy and Spain.
�EUROPEAN
OPINION ALERT
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, DC 20547
L-75-96
OCTOBER 31,1996
Governinents Should Step in to End
Bribery in Business, Say Many Europeans
Earlier this fall, U.S. Commerce secretary Mickey
Kantor pledged that the Clinton administration
would do its part to ensure that bribery and
corruption are not 'business as usual' in
international commerce [Financial 'I.iJJJu.,
September 26]. Spring USIA surveys show that
majorities in Britain, France and Germany agree
with this stance, though significant minorities find
bribery an acceptable business practice in the Third
World.
Majorities believe that Bribery Is Wrong
A majority in Britain, France and Germany think
that using bribery as part of business practice should
not be tolerated. When asked their opinion about
business people who use bribes to secure contracts
in Third World countries, six in ten or more among
these publics think bribery is wrong and that their
government should take steps to stop it. But
significant minorities in all three countries disagree
and think that companies have to do whatever is
necessary to secure such contracts (see table).
Gender and Class Gap On This Issue
palms." This subject may be more a "moral" issue
in Britain, since those who are more. religious tctnd
to oppose this practice.
· '" '~4
On the other hand, men in all three countries, and
those on ~e right in Britain and France are more
likely than others to turn a blind eye to such bribes.
Age and education do not have much effect on
either side of this issue.
European Opinion Toward Bribery
"As you may know, some companies doing business
in the Third World occasionally win contracts by
bribing local officials. Some people say that bribery
is wrong and that the government should take steps
to stop this country's businesspeople from bribing
Third World officials. Others say that it is naive
to think that bribery can be stopped in the Third World
and that our companies have to do whatever
is necessary to secure contracts. Which of these
opinions is closer to your own?"
Britain France Germany
59%
61%
66%
Companies have
to do whatever necessary 38
37
32
4
2
2
Bribery is wrong
In all three countries, women and those who
describe themselves as working class are more
likely than others to condemn the practice of
bribery. In France and Britain, those who identify
themselves as left of center on the political spectrum
are also more opposed to the practice of "greasing
Don't know/no answer
Compiled by the Office of Research and Media Reaction, USIA (202-619-5144; reu@usia.gov). Based on USIA-commissioned
surveys of adults in Britain (IRB International, 10/0 interviews), France (Sofres, 1002), and Germany (BASIS Research, 1200)
conducted in May and June 1996.
�BRIEFING
PAPER
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON DC 20547
For Secretary Albright's Trip to Moscow
April 28, 1997
B-25-97
Russians Still Want Democracy
Poll Shows Reality Shortchanges Them
The Russian public continues to struggle with the gap
between its democratic ideals and the implementation
of those ideals in their own country. Disillusion with
the current system stems from lack ofprogress on the
rule of law and socio-economic difficulties.
Two-thirds of the Russian public say that
things in Russia today are going in the wrong
direction (the same share as in the past year).
•
Overwhelming majorities of Russians want to
live in a society with a judicial system treating
all equally and with free education and health
care available to everyone. They also want
their media free of censorship and regular
elections that are "honest."
•
Majorities or pluralities also believe that none
of these features cutrently exists in Russia.
4
.
l
Moreover, Russians lack confitteneeW1 nearly
all political institutions and leaders, with only
the Church, the armed forces, and the
bro~ast media receiving majority votes of
confidence.
•
Two-thirds feel that Boris Yeltsin should
resign the presidency because of his precarious health (following heart surgery and a
bout with pneumonia).
•
Russians divide evenly when assessing how
good a job Yeltsin has been doing in dealing
with the United States: a third say good and a
third say poor. But by a 5-1 majority (59%. 12%) they feel that President Clinton is doing
a good job rather than a poor job in dealing
with Russia.
KEY FINDINGS
•
. ·-.
•
Prepared by: Steven A. Grant, RIRUC (202-619-5130)
These findings are based on a US/A-commissioned poll carried out March 22-April4 by the Moscow-based firm CESS/. The
representative national sample comprised 1,868 adults. The margin of sampling error is roughly 3 percent.
�•.I
OPINION ·
ANALYSIS
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, WASHINGTON DC 20547
May 1, 1997
How Unsteady Is Russian .
Democracy?
M-7Q-97
.
Poll -Confirms A Bumpy Reality
The Russian public continues to struggle with the gap
between its democratic ideals and t~ implementation
of those ideals in their own country. Disillusion with
the current system stems especially from lack of
progress on the rule of law.
KEY FINDINGS
•
Overwhelming majorities of Russians want to
live in a society with a judicial system treating
all equally and with free education and health
care available. to everyone. They also want
their media free of censorship and regular
elections that are "honest"
•
Majorities or pluralities also believe that none
of these features currently exists in Russia.
•
Moreover~
Russians lack confidence in nearly
all political institutions and leaders, with only
the Church, the armed forces, and the
broadcast media receiving majority votes of
confidence.
• Two-fhirds feel that Boris Yeltsin should ·
resign the presidency because of his precarious health (following heart surgery and a
bout with pneumonia).
What Is D~ocracy in Russia?
A debate now rages - in Russia and the West -
about how democratic Russia is today. The
,argument about Russian democracy turns in part
·.around terms: what do Russians. mean by
"democracy"? Eight years of polling in Russia
have shown that most of the Russian public
prefer democracy in the form of social democracy
- a combination of social welfare and political
freedoms, civil rights and state responsibilities.
They 8ee a need for stability and order as well as
for liberty. (See "Is Russia Turning the ComerT'
USIA Research Report R-7-96 [September
1996], especially pp. 7-9.)
These findings are based on a US/A.-commissioned poll carried out March 22-A.pril4 by the Moscow-based firm CESS/. The
representative national sample comprised /,868 adults. The margin of sampling error is roughly 3 percent.
�,
2
In this most recent survey, when asked in what kind of society they would like to live, Russians ·
overwhelmingly choose two features as important: "a judicial system [which] treats everyone equally and
punishes the guilty no matter who they are," and "everyone receives free education and health care" (96%
each). Slightly less favored are "mass media [which] are free to· report news without government
censorship" (88%) and "honest elections [which] are held regularly" (87%).· Four-fJ.fths (79%) also call
important the "freedom to criticize the government openly" and the fact that "one can choose from several
·
parties and candidates when voting."
. ..
In judging to what extent these ideals actually exist in their own society, Russians are shrewd and candid.
Three-fourths say that - among their top priorities ~ neither a judicial system which treats everyone
equally (77%) nor free education and health care for all (74%) is now in place. They divide evenly on
whether or ~ot the media are free to report news without government censorship (37% say rc;s;'i!>f no). ~
(Despite this, six in ten express confidence in Russian TV and radio.)
·
·More believe that honest elections are not held regularly (45%) than feel they are (36%), and a flfth are
unsure.• At the same time, however, a huge majority (88%) aff1Ill1 dlat they can now choose from several
parties and candidates when voting. Six in ten (61%) also say that they now have the freedom to criticize
the government openly.
Ongoing Signals of Discontent
Less reassuring is the p1ablic's response to two other questions, one hypothetical and one very practical.
The proportion of those saying that "restoring order in Russia is so important that they would support a
dictatorship" has risen for the flrst time in a year and a half (to 35%, lip from 20-25% in 1996 polls). There
bas been only a slight drop, however, in the share of those.sayh1g that "freedom is so important that they
would oppose any<lictator8hip" (to 52%, about where it stood in 1995, but down from 56-58% last
.spring).
Similarly, 43 percent agree that ''voting gives people like me some say about how the government runs
things." As last fall, half (51%) disagree.
On the other hand, 76 percent agree at least somewhat that "people should be free to say whatever they
want, even ifwliat they say increases tensions in society" (42% agree "completely").
1
It is probably no coincidence that Boris Yeltsin received 35 percent of the vote in the first, mullicandidate
round of the presidential election in June 1996. Only in the subsequent two-man runoff did his share go above half.
�,
3
Confidence in Institutions and Leaders Remains Low
As was the case last October, Russians have little or no confidence in domestic political institutions. A
majority lack confidence in the State Duma (or parliament; 74% ), Council of Ministers (71%) and local
government (58%), and in bodies enforcing law and justice, such as the Ministry of Interior (police; 67%)
and the judicial system (71%). Half lack confidence in the Federal Security Service, a successor to the
KGB, whereas a quarter (26%) express at least some confidence.
Some other institutions fare better. The Orthodox Church holds the confidence of a wide majority (64%
to 24%); Russian broadcast media (59% to 37%) and the armed forces (57% to 34%) do almost as well;
and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs receives mixed views (35% to 34%). Russian opinion also divides
about Russian newspapers (43% to 45%).
.,.
.
·,.
.
""':~
All the top political leaders get votes o(no confidence: two-thirds to three-fourths express lack of
confidence in Yeltsin, Preniier Viktor Chemomyrdin, and First Deputy. Premier Anatolii Chubais. A
majority (54%) also lack confidence in Communist Party leader Gen~y Zyuganov. (A third have
confidence -- the same proportion as votes cast for him in the fJISt round of last year's presidential
election.)
More lack confidence than have it in Duma Speaker Gennady Seleznev (42% to 17%), from the
Communist faction, and in Interior Minister Anatoly Kulikov (50% to 16%). Russians divide over Defense
Minister Igor Rodionov (34% to 29%) and Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov (31% to 28% ). A third or
more, however, have no opinion about each of these four.
Former presidential candidate and Security Council secretary Alexander Lebed has slipped from grace a bit
since October: 45 percent express confidence in him but nearly as many (40%) do not (compared to 56%33% last fall). Measured for the fJISt time, confidence in Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov stands at a Lebedmatching 45 percent but he is without the retired general's negatives- only 25 percent express lack of
confidence. Thirty percent offer no view of the mayor, still relatively new to the national political scene.
Is the Future of Russian Democracy Tied to Yeltsln?
Many defend Yeltsin' s actions and policies because he represents, for them, the lesser of various evils ~ a
sort of "best hope" for democracy in Russia. If that is so, then democracy has an insecure future there. A
majority (57%) say the government is doing a bad or very bad job in protecting citizens' political rights (a
fifth say it is doing a good job). And about two-thirds (63%) feel that the President should resign, "in view·
of the state of [his] health,'' despite his apparent full recovery from heart surgery and a bout of pneumonia.
�,
4
The public resoundingly rejects the idea of changing the Constitution to permit the upper house. of
parliament (the Federation Council) to elect an interim president should Yeltsin resign or become
incapacitated. Instead, three-fourths insist that the next president should be elected by the people, as the·
Constitution now stipulates. Twelve percent say the Council should be allowed to elect an interim
president; the same number offer no view.
IfYeltsin were unable to perforin his official duties and new presidential ele<:tions were ~e~d, the two frontrunners to succeed him remain Lebed (21%) and Zyuganov (19%). But both may be flagging. The hardcharging Luzhkov (11%) and erstwhile presidential candidate Grigory Yavlinsky (10%) already lead both
Chemomyrdin (6%) and the fast-fading nationalist sensation-seeker Vladimir Zhirinovsky (4%). A fifth
(18%) say they would vote for "none of the above," and another tenth (12%) cannot say for now. Among
contenders not mentioned in this poll but deserving some consideration - based on recently-publish~
Russian surveys-- is new deputy prime minister (and former governor ofNizhny Novgorod) BoriS"
Nemtsov.
•
'
lila
--
)
Russians' steadfast belief in the tenets of an open, pluralistic societY 18 remarkable. But the Yeltsin
administration's failure to make progress toward solving key issues of social justice - including wage and
pension arrears, government corruption, and great disparities of wealth - may yet undermine that faith.
Prepared by: Steven A. Grant, RIRUC (202-619-5130)
Issued by the Office of Research and Media Reaction
�DENVER TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OPTION #1
(No Plenary Meetings with Ministers)
Friday. June 20
7:00- 8:00PM
Joint Reception for Delegations (includes Ministers)
8:00 - 10:00 PM
Leaders Dinner
Saturday. June 21
9:00 - 10:00 AM
G-7 Leaders Meeting [only event without Yeltsin]
10:30 AM- 12:30 PM
Morning Session on Economic & Social Issues
(e.g., aging populations, job creation in small enterprises)
1:00 - 2:30 PM
Leaders Lunch
(begin global issues discussion-- environment)
3:00-5:00 PM
Afternoon Session on Global Issues
(emerging infectious diseases, crime, terrorism, nuclear safety,
UN reform)
7:30-9:30 PM
Leaders Dinner
TBD
Entertainment
Suruiay. June 22
10:00- 11:30 AM
Morning Session on Political Issues
(e.g., Middle East, China, non-proliferation)
11 :30 - 11 :45 AM
Group Photo of Leaders
12:00- 1:30 PM
Leaders Lunch
(continue political discussion, democracy building)
TBD
President Issues Communique & Press Conference
�•
DENVER SCHEDULE OPTION #2
(Plenary Meetings with Ministers)
(Italics Indicate Differences from Option #1 Schedule)
Friday. June 20
7:00- 8:00PM
Joint Reception for Delegations
8:00 - 10:00 PM
Leaders Dinner
Saturday. June 21
8:30- 9:30AM
9:30- 10:00 AM
G-7 Leaders Meeting [without Yeltsin]
G-7 Finance Ministers Join Leaders [without Russians]
10:30 AM- 12:30 PM
Morning Session on Economic & Social Issues
(e.g., aging populations, job creation in small enterprises)
1:00 - 2:30 PM
Leaders Lunch
(begin global issues discussion-- environment)
3:00-5:00 PM
Afternoon Session on Global Issues
(emerging infectious diseases, crime, terrorism, nuclear safety,
UN reform)
7:30-9:30 PM
Leaders Dinner
TBD
Entertainment
Sunday. June 22
9:15 -JO:OOAM
Plenary Session with Foreign Ministers on Political Issues
10:45 AM -12:00 PM
Morning Session on Political Issues
(e.g., Middle East, China, non-proliferation)
12:15 PM -12:30 PM
Group Photo ofLeaders
12:30 PM-2:00PM
Leaders Lunch
TBD
President Issues Communique & Press Conference
�MEMORANDUM
TO:
FR:
RE:
VIctoria Radd
The White House
Alan Salazar ~
Deputy Chief of Staff
Governor Romer's Office
Western Governors University Program
During the G·B Denver Summit
DT:
4/28/97.
Vicky, it is nice to have the opportunity to touch base again (I was
Colorado Clinton/Gore State Director in 96}. The purpose of this
short memo is to follow-up on the conversation Governor Romer had
with you last week concerning a project called "Western Governor's
University" - and an idea Governor Romer and Utah Governor MJI<e
Leavitt have to hold a press briefing on WGU with other governors
who are members of the Western Governor's Association, during the
week of the G-8 Denver Summit
ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND: The Western Governors' University
(WGU) is a project that came out of the Western Governor's
Association. Essentially, it involves all of the Western governors
{except California's Wilson) as the board of directors for a "virtual
university" that would operate via the internet as a fully accredited
institution of higher learning across state boundaries. Participating
institutions (universities, colleges, community colleges, etc.) would
maKe courses available In a variety of ways (including interactive
computer programs, mail, video, television}, and not only open up
more access to higher education, but also create new mechanisms
for measuring the quality of education received by students.
Students graduating from WGU would receive certification of
competency in given fields.
'.-'
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VVHY THE GOVERNORS THINK THIS HAS RELEVANCE FOR G-8:
As Governor Romer probably explained, the WGU, while still in its
infancy, has caught the imagination of many in the higher education
community. The Western governors have contributed state
resources and corporate interests are also lining up to participate.
IBM expects to have the technology in place for an internet navigator
by January, and a course catalog is under development.
Governors Romer and Leavitt, the chief architects of WGU, believe
that advances in technology are leading to major reforms in the way
we educate and train our citizens - and that this trend is already well
recognized in the private sector. Romer's argument is that the
successful economies of the future will inevitably be based on the
nexus between ideas and an educated citizenry -and that is why the
WGU is worth talking about during the G-8 Summit.
.WESTI;RN GOVERNORS MEETING PROPOSAL:
What Romer and Leavitt propose to do is hold a WGU board meeting
with 15 western governors and a like number of high teen CEOs from
the West, in conjunction with a press briefing on Friday, June 20 or
Saturday, June 21 at some location in Denver that would be
convenient for the press. Romer would make the pitch that
cooperative projects like WGU are relevant to the discussions of the
G-8 and underscore President Clinton's initiatives to strengthen
education.
What Is Needed? With only a few weeks left to plan, we really need
to begin the process of inviting Western governors to Colorado for
the WGU meeting -and to put together the logistics of the meeting .
in a way that will complement, and not Interfere with, the G-8.
We have the opportunity to treat this as a State of Colorado/WGA
activity that is completely separate from the G-8, or we could
proceed in a way that involves the. White House more directly.
�.Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. memo
DATE
SUBJECT/TITLE
Salazar to Radd; RE: Home telephone number (partial) (1 page)
04/28/1997
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Communications
DonBaer
ONBox Number: 10137
FOLDER TITLE:
Denver Summit
2006-0458-F
dbl221
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a))
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b))
Pl
Pl
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified Information [(b)(l) of the FOIA)
b(l) Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(l) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA)
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financ:lal
Information [(b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose Information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
·
b(8) Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA)
National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA)
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(l) of the PRA)
Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA)
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financ:lallnformatlon [(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) ofthe PRA)
C. Closed In accordance with restrictions contained In donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�.04-29-97
. l0:41AM FROM GOVERNOR'S OFFICE
TO 912024561213
P004
Governor Romer has broached this with Harold Ickes and the
purpose of this memo is not to· go around Harold (who has been
great), but rather, to .follow-up on the Governor's conversation with
you.
Vicky, we really need some guidance on whether the White House
has policy or substantive concerns about this project -and whether
Governors Romer and Leavitt can proceed to set up the meeting.
We will, of course, be communicating with Harold and the G-8 staff
on logistics and other concerns.
·
Please feel free to call me at 303/8664567 or at my home number,
1
(b)(6)
1
t_oo\'\
Thanksl
cc: Harold Ickes
John Dill, Office of Business Development
Mike Dlno, Mayor Webb's Office/Denver Summit of the Eight
• t
�. . . . . .
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Education in a Tube
Two 'virtual universities' will operate over tlu Internet
Sinca the r&rly 1990s, campusea Ukc Oat St.ale
Domlr.guez Uills and UC lrvtne have been wp•
plementfnf traditional teaching meth6ds with
..di.stanoe loamln(' tee:aues Ilke v1dePCOa·
tutorialS. But Dot
untiHhif faU tUd wesee ambltlous plaDS for two
luge, aeeredlted ..VIrtual untversiuca• whose
main campus wUl be the Internet.
In September, 13 western stateS 'lald they
wtll opeP the Western ~vernor& Untvcmty by
nut June. Oov. Pete Wilson latel' anncnmeed
that CallfomJa. rather than Join the WGU, wUl
establish tts own Wiftu-l uatvenlt)' based on
the state'• ·vut ~I of academic and hidl-tech
talent.. .A.t both iUtltutlons students wllfbe able
• ·to attend on·Une classes, download textbOOb
iUld meet with facultY via teleeonfereAee.
.
'l'he WGU and Calilomta plans are now be.lng
breathleasl,y sold Ia the greatest edu~Uonal
iaaovaUons •lnce 'Plata's aeademy. That
tematns tG be seen but mos& educators agree
that wtual un1Ver8itSea have the potenual~«
• Improve protesmoruu reoertltlea.tion ~ro-
rerencft eta.sscs and e-
pam-. Pb,y!telans eould be requlred to demonstfate proflclency by computerized exam.
• Broaden edqcat1onal accesa. Adults who
don'' have tbo titn~ at money for Dlght 1ehool
eould retool their skills to meet the needs of lD.
evu·chal"8JngJob market.
.
• !teduce operlltitmal costs. aiftee atate gov.
emm@nts might not have to buQd expenSive
new campuses to accommodate the predicted
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Udal wave of eollcp appUC&Dta.
In"'
eUort to lure u many pubUe and prlVlte
eoltegu u ~ble Into the 'rirtual univenlty
pl'Oject, W Wiboa ldmli\J&Uatkm t.l now tk•
culating a. proposal emplw~lal' thtt each
ea.m.pus would be free to dniae U.s OWD
approaeb. Sacramento l:leeds to eome up With
greater Incentives than free choi.ee, however,
bee•us• man)' eone,es, hattnr auc:cessfull}'
tJCperlmeDted with dista.ftet lumlng en thear
owu. are unukclr to jotn the proJect without
eome kind af flfta'ftdal rewud ln alghl
.
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II the netd to c:arefuUy
type~ of high-technology work
Eq~J baporbU\t
assess which
best tn whlch lit.u.tlon. For !Mtance. SWcon
Vallet• Aeademlc Sntcma Coli), h.• demoastrated U\at ltudenti taldnr Its computeriud
algebra eourae ac:hleve hJBber rata at pwagc:
chu W.e t4UJbt In eot\Vel\tlcnallfletur• halls.
· On the other hand, Cal State'• Wonterer Ba,y
campus had to tcale bact Its diatanee learning
plana aCLCt tacul~t ~r• ec)mpl-.ined, aYin6
amort~ other thi"MS
that they had become deluged With e.. maU. ·
Tbe big£~' challenge lot ~ SactAm.ento
and the WOU VIIU be ebatlfinr fedua! and state
law' that prohfbit the use Of Al.ldent loana to
take aut•O(·Itate claues. lt &her take thla and
other challenges serlauslt, there•• no reason
why & keyboatcl and cathode rar tube can't
represent an excttll\g new avenue Jn hl&her
educe.Uon.
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L won't ha,•c h;r.covercd build·
in(..~- It won't ha\rc its own faculty.
courses from participating Western
litates. Studcnto; will access a "smart
And it won't have a football team.
it ,,;IJ u£Tc:a• Clloctronic cclucatic:>n
catalog" on the Internet that will
acr~ stat<' bo1'Clcrs a.~ r.a.rlr as f.s.ll 199i.
lt'li callcd tht: Western GoV<~mors Uni-
offerings. In addition, studen~ ,,tjll usu
the catalog to ~\.'15C~ their §kills and
lind coui"5C5 for specific cl·cdcntial!l or
J!~1t
\'crsity, and it's the bt--ainchild ot lio\'s,
Mikt: L.fmvitt, Rcpuhliccm. ofl1tah and
RO)' Ron Jet·, D<.!lllOCl':lL, of Colomd<•.
WGll will sc1·ve a~ an electronic
dc:trin~hOU~(· for p(JStSeCOndary (!d\1•
caliun1md '''ill inLcgr:ue COU1'Scs from
in~:tituliuns nnd corpor·ation11 thr<,ughnut the \·Vest. Its cl~ss~s an! fot· collep;e
smctcms,lift'long learners. high-llchool
:;ltl<h:nL'I :md <:mpluyct~!; ''ith spcdfic
11Ctiniu~
Any
-
nccch.
~tuclem
-
anywhe1'e, anytinw
will be ahlc to sit in front of a
(:omp\lt<'l' 01•1'V
sc•·een nntl wp inw
MtJry La" Cooper is pubfir;;•r~Jfalions manager for
CSCl-WESr
28
Smr<·
(;oq:nmH~nt
News
dc:~cl'ibc
n1rious ch:uronh: COlli lit'
f1'01'1'1 Western lletU.-c :an<i hue:mte it will
base all degrees or u-aining ct:rtific:mes
on competency. lnitiaJly, WCU wjll
u~r'an associate of arto; Clegree ancl
\,•oi·kplacc ecrtUicalioJ'l in clcc:tronlc
technology. Ultima.tel}'. WCU pbms to
degl'ces.
offer a full menu of pnllt-llecondat")'
education fmm technical u1lining 10
Studenu. willlcurn with du: hdp of
computcl"!i, 'rideotapcsand C)).ROMs.
fnm•year collc.:gc: degn~es;
\.Vcstcrn govel'ri01"1i c:oncch•ed th~
Teachc1~
fuuuistic uni\'ersity at the Jnn<• 1995
mc:t:.Ling uf tlu~ \\'elltel'n Guvcmm~·
\\ill include univc1'Sity pro-
f"L$'10rs and indu.sl:r)' cxpe1"U. StudcnL
c-mnp(:l<!ncc, n<•L:t(.'~L time, \\111 dt•tcrmim~ whn gett: a deg1'CC ur C<!rUficate.
Local o1· regional cemers in liln'mi<.'s
or communitycollq,'l'L'Ii will prmide "ollt.'"
stop shnpping," nllo\\ling stud,~nLot. r.o
:t<'<'CS$ tcchno!OI-()'• obtain counseling
:md be tcllted fo•· ~1 )OCi(ic cornpctcnci~.
Although di:~umcc lcm,ing isn't a
new phcnom<.'nnn, pl'oponcnt'i 5ay
\\'GU is unique becau.'lc h will inu:·g•·mc \<lSl numb<.1~ Of COUI'S(~ Oilt~tiiiJ:tS
Miln:h 1Q\-)i
Ao;snclmlon. By Ute end of 19!1G, gt 1\'cr·
nurll fi·om Al'iwnu.; <.:Olo1-ado, HawC~.ii.
Idaho, Montma. Nchm!lka, Nc\'ada.
Nt•w .1\·kxicu, Nnrth Dakot:l. On~gnn.
l Jtnh, \V~shingLon ~mel \~1ynmiugc:mn
mittcd lO the plan.
Each ~ovt.~rnm· $igncd the
nu~mo
randum orundel'Slandlng. obllg:Lting
tbcm~h·es to sc..'\·cral t.::t!;k~. \\1cstcn1
guvl~mors \\ill o\'ersee the nni\'CI'!Iity,
seek Sl 00.000 t:~u:h :'~ t:I~U'\-up fi.mcl-
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ing and help climinalc b:Lrrict't: lo
implcmc:ntadon.
Wyoming, Utah and Idaho lllrelldy
hnve kicked in $100,000, 1\lld Mulll<lml
hw; provided partial funding. The: legislatures of otla!r Western n.'ltes nacd
to provide funds .as well. And this
money is ju.~t a down payment. It wi11
cost an estlm:ut.!d $6 million to $10
million to got started. To get WCU off
the drawing board and into cyber·
space, additional
fuu~b
arc needed
from corporations and foundations.
Ew:ntua.lly, student tea will help cover
operating costs.
Three Colorado-based groups are
helping WGU make thte transition
from vision to rc.:allty. Tile Western
Governors' &soc:iation drives polic:y
and govc:l'llam;c issues. Tile Western
C'.ooperative for F.ducationnl Telecommunications, an arm of the Western
Intentatc Commi~sion for Higher
Edutation. guid~ the development of
the elt:ettonic catalog ;and student-
support cen ten. TI1e National Center
for litgher Education Management
Sya~.~=aaa•
wurks wh:h
higller<:du~tion
experts and industry to tackle the
thorny matter of measuring student
compet.t."'lcy.
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WGU and the states
Sally.Juhnstone. dlrectoroftlw We~tcm C.oopt!r.ttivt! f(\r Educ:uional Tdc-r.ommunirntions at the W<."litcm lntcBa.tl<~ Commission for Higher Educauun,
briefed legislators on t11e Wc11tcm Governors University at&.hc 1H96 Annual
MN."dng of The Council of State Govcnunc.mu: \-VEST in Sunt."l Fe, N.M., in
Nov(.'!mber•
At the Nov. 22 meeting of the Wt!!!Wm r..ovemo•'!l' Al;$ioc:iation in &m
Antonio, Texas. W~w.m governors: agreed to:
• incorporate WCU a.c soon as practical and fonnu.luc govcn1un from
Western states ac; the 1\oard of Trustees;
• locate WGU administrative officl.'S in Utah and academic dc..'\'c1opmem
functions in Colorado;
• request help from Wet~tem attonl~ general to identify legal barrim11 to
WGU;
• work to secun: WGU accreditation; and
• retain a development director and a business plan con!!ultant..
graduates. In an unpublished article
for IBM, Leavitt wrote: "This is not
about eliminating those colh:.-gc CXJ»
ricnc:es, those: ritc:8 of pa:~Sage."
LaVan- Wc::bb. Leavitt's deputy for"
policy, said WCU's target markets will
be lifelong learners and students who
arc trying to raise families and get a
college dc::gree at the same time. "In
dlis technological a.brc. everyone will
haVt" to be trnined, retr..Unod and retrained again." Webb said, "and traditional hight.-reducatlon doc.:$ not meet
this need vcrywoJI.ft
Leavitt noted that the corporatc:jo~
training market alone is valued at
more than $200 billion annually. ''We
sometlln(..'$ vicwdiswtcccd.ucation too
GaHtng 11o1t:artod
Several factors motiVated WcsU!rn
govcrnnn: tn cre:lte thu univeraiLy.
Leavitt nbservc...-d that Utah, Aritona
and other states had plans for c..'xpen·
ztivc distancc:•lcandng courses. He
wanted to avoid duplication md increase student aet:f!SS to a wide Vl'riety
of courses by cooperating across state
borders. Romer saw WGU as an effective way ror people to e:t.m college
degrees based on competency. Projec-
tions for enormous increases in col·
lege c:urullment ln the West and
unmet needs for additional facilities,
equipmenu.nd teachers also fucwrc.:d
into the equation.
Though electronic education will
widen courxc· options fnr traditional
:~tudents, WGU will not find itS niche
nrnong c:ollegc.~bound high school
The Council of Smte Covcrnrncnt:l
29
�..
..
.. .
P008
lV ~lt.Ut.4:>01~1j
.. -
nal'rowly, a,; merely a way to sa11e
mnncy," he wrote. ··we :~hnuld expand
our ,.j~ion :\l\d look for oppurtunitic.s
10 maht.moncy."
· Beyond technical questions
1l1ough most Wcstt.'Tll govemorssupport tl1e idea. :some;: otllcn1 opf!OM= WGU.
Since 5t."lte legislators must fund the
initial planning for the uniw.'nlity, some
of them are grow.ing about the "unfor-
w;mta bunch oft<:chnocrcuswhu hitvt.-rl't
('VCJ' been Ull
K<':nnt:th
a college cumpu.'\.
A<~hworth,
Tco:xM
n
r~om.ni ...
sioncl' of higher education, wrote
much harsher words about WGU in
the Cllronicle uf HigheT Education.
(It) has en011nous possil>ilitit:s for
harming higher cduc:at..ion WI we nnw
'know it in thi,; country. particularly if
it is largely controlled and organi1.ed
w meet the demand'! of emplnyent."
California GO\•. Pete Wilson rcfwlc:d
to sign dte memorandum creating the
uniV<:nity, but not because he Lhaught
the Idea lackt.-d merit In a leuerto the
W<-'lltcm Governors' Association, Wit·
son said California planned to compete with WGU r.uhcr than join it.
"C'..alifomia is uniquely positioned to
become aworld leader in tlle develop. ment and distribution of cnllege-Jevcl · ·
softwp.rc, courses and programs••••
Further, the citizens of the West will
be welkerved by a friendly competi·
tion among a variety of institutions
seeking to deliver courses and degrees
through nontraditional mean01,"
u
•••
n.'llidc:nl and nonrc,;id<.mt tuition, public utility rates that disc:our.tg<.! (!lcctronic hook•ups across s~u: lim!!l and
higher L-ducation fin;;n 1cing pnli.
s~tc
des tltat measure scat-time r.ulwr than
c:ompt~tcnd<."::.
:Regional and national
accrc_"diting pnlicies may dc\'i\luc distam:~ learning and fcdcrd.l finandi\1aid regulations may not J'ecogni:w
technology-dclivcn!d cnun;e~;.
Despite these ob&taclc,;, \Ver.t<'rn
governors clearly envision WGU ll..'l
real, not vinual. 0
Resources
For more infonnation abom
the Wcstem Governors University,
contact the Western Governors'
. &.Sociation at www.wcliLgU\'.org/
smart/vu/vu.html. Ifyou an:n'r. in
cyberspace yet, contact WCA l\t
(303) 623-9378. Ad:. for Rick
Merritt. To rcquclit a copy of
Gov. Leavitt's dillcu.""''io•• ms WGU.
contactl.aVarrWebbat (801) 538-
What happens next
In addition to se-
tunate choice of name." When a.<~keri
about the name, staff at the Wc.-su:m
Governors' Association acknowledged
that it hQ.li IM:en 1\ lltruggle, During its
first six months, WGU w.u known informally as The Virtual University.
Lcllvitt's staff ,·cpcn·t.l.hat Western gO\'"
crnorsultlmately named it after tllemselves a& a symbol of commitment and
credibility. ·
For some political figures, qu<-~tion,;
about WGU go lx:yond squahhlt:!t ov~r
ils namo. At a recent mc::cting of TI1c
Council of Stat<: Govemments.wru,"T,
lh.ah Rep. Jordan Tanne1· ~\uumcd up
the concerns ofa number of state lcgislntor\!1. "As augmcnta.tiQn to higher c,;'du·
c.u.ion. it's fine," he said. "but we don't
30
Stllu:: Govc•·uu•em News
start-up mo~ey for
WGU, proponents
must begin hea\1)'
privat.c-scc;tOr fundraising. Identifying
and removing legislative and regula-.
tory~toWGU
serious attention
from legiSlators and
governors.
be other difference$ bctw'c'on
March 1997
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also will require
may
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pledt;ed for
Other IUadbluck.'l
for the planned university may exist,
such as smrutory n:suicllons on offering cross-border
educational ser~
vices. There ah;o
I
I
1000. Ask for "The Western Gov·
ernors' University; A l-caming
Entcrpri.c;c for the CyberCennuy."
curtng $100,000 per
s~te All
I
~
Foundation
Phone; (800) 6»-~~~
~ 'Telecommunications, Inc. Fax: (501) 636-8997
�....
._..,.;'
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGiON
April29, 1997
TO:
DonBaer
Victoria Radd
Tony Blinken
AnguS King
Elaine Shocas
Mike: Froman
FROM:
Dan Tarullo )),t("'
SUBJECT:
Themes for Denver Summit
Attached is the latest iteration of a themes paper for the Denver Summit. We are not yet
putting this out, and it will certainly be altered -· perhaps substantially -- in the next seven weeks.
Still, I wanted everyone to see where we are headed.
�141002
Draft 4/29/97
OUTCOMESFORDENVERSUNmOT
The preparatory work for the Denver S\lllliilit has developed the theme of taking steps in the
international system and in our own societies to meet the challengc:5 of the twenty-first century.
This work divides into five key areas.
1.
Bl"inging Russia More Completely into the International System
Shift to "Summit of the Eight" important symbolic step in efforts to support
refonn in Russia and integrate it into international system
1
l.
3.
Protecting Our Citizens From Global Threats
1
Consolidate U.S.leadership in developing cooperative efforts to fight
international crime and terrorism, and to promote nuclear safety
•
•
Launch initiative for monitoring and IC:iponding to infectious diseases
Address global environmental problems
Promote Stability in the Global Financial Sy&tem
•
1
•
4.
Helping Africa Prosper
•
•
•
1
5.
Continue efforts begun at Halifax and Lyon to assure stability of new global
financial system of massive, instantaneous transfers of funds
Strengthen cooperation among regulators of internationally active financial
institutions
Provide assistance to strengthen banking supervision in developing countries
Take step$ to give Africa the same opportunities for growth in global economy
that have led to prosperity for so many Asian and Latin American countries
Provide trade and investment incentives to sub-Saharan African countries to
liberalize their economies and reduce aid dependence
Target assistance to meeting basic human needs and building institutions for
effective democratic governance
Foster collective responses to conflicts that do occur
Addressing 21st Century Challenges iD Our Own Eeonomies
•
Develop strategies for responding to aging .of our societies and adopting policies
•
that promote "productive aging."
Discuss wp.ys to foster growth of new and young businesses that can be key
sourees for job creation
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Don Baer
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Communications
Don Baer
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994-1997
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36008" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7431981" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0458-F
Description
An account of the resource
Donald Baer was Assistant to the President and Director of Communications in the White House Communications Office. The records in this collection contain copies of speeches, speech drafts, talking points, letters, notes, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, excerpts from manuscripts and books, news articles, presidential schedules, telephone message forms, and telephone call lists.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Extent
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537 folders in 34 boxes
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Denver Summit
Creator
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Office of Communications
Don Baer
Identifier
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2006-0458-F
Is Part Of
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Box 20
<a href="http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/2006/2006-0458-F.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7431981" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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1/12/2015
Source
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42-t-7431981-20060458F-020-016-2014
7431981