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FOIA Number: 2006-0458-F
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
Communications
Series/Staff Member:
Don Baer
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
10131
FolderiD:
Folder Title:
Civil Rights
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
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91
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�,
1965 civil Rights Timeline
1/8
President Johnson calls an end to all barriers for voting in
South
1/15
u.s. sues Alabama charging its new voter registration test
is too difficult
1/16 Mississippi: 18 arrested in murder of three civil rights
workers
1/18-19 Selma, Alabama: King punched by segregationist for
checking into a formerly segregated hotel
2/1
Selma: King and 770 others arrested in protest against
voter discrimination, voter registration laws
2/2
Selma:
500 more arrested
2/3
Selma:
1000 more arrested
2/4
Alabama: AL federal judge issues an order to make it easier
for Blacks to vote
2/5
King calls for new legistlation guaranteeing Negores the
right to vote
,2/6
WH announces that Pres. Johnson will ask for new
legistlation to eliminate voting barriers for Negroes in the
South
2/10 Selma:
2/15 AL:
2/17-18
mass arrests continue
King leads 2,800 in 3 voting marches
Brooklyn:
Negro high school students riot through town
2/21 Manhattan: Malcolm X is shot
3/6
Selma: 70 whites march in support of blacks
3/9
Montgomery, Alabama: King and 1500 others blocked with
clubs and teat gas on way to Montgomery
3/9
u.s. sues to void a state ban on marches in AL
3/10 U.S. officials say they will prosecute AL police for use of
tear gas on protesting negores
3/11 Selma:
Rev. James Reeb dies of beating by whites
3/15 Before a joint session of Congress, President Johnson calls
for civil rights progress and pledges, "we shall overcome"
.___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
�3/17 Alabama:
Federal judge authorizes march to Montgomery
3/18 LBJ offers to move national guard for AL who claim they are
to poor of a state to do so - this will be done to protect
civil rights marchers in Selma
3/20 Texas:
LBJ orders federal troops to protect protesters on
march to Montgomery
3/21 Alabama:
March from Selma to Montgomery officially begins
3/24 Alabama:
Freedom march reaches Montgomery
'3/25 Alabama:
Viola Luizzo, white, shot dead for transporting
marchers
3/26 Alabama:
FBI arrests four Klan members for murder of Luizzo
3/26 LBJ calls for war on KKK
3/27 Alabama:
KKK leader Robert Shelton calls civil rights
murders Communist plot to destroy US right wing
3/30 House votes for a full investigation of the KKK
4/10 VA:
Both VA political parties say that they will run
Negroes for the first time since Reconstruction
4/14 House hires its first Negro page
4/25 Atlanta:
Segregationist Lester Maddox leads protest march
(many KKK members) through Atlanta protesting King's Selma
march
4/29 Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel orders all public
schools desegregated by fall of 1967
5/7
Alabama:
Klansman indicted for Luizzo murder get mistrial
6/14 Jackson:
472 arrested on civil rights march
6/15 Jackson:
200 more arested
7/4
Washington:
King calls for end to Vietnam War
7/4
Bogalusa, AL:
drive
civil rights leaders call for integration
7/8
Bogalusa, AL:
A civil rights marcher kills a white man
7/10 Federal judge orders n9 violence to be used against
demonstrating Negroes in Bogalusa, AL
�•
7/11 Bogalusa, AL: Troopers avert a clash between Negores and
white hecklers
7/13 Pres. Johnson pledges a major effort to help Negroes
7/18 WH officials call for efforts to increase the stability of
the Negro family
8/6
Washington:
8/11-14
Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Watts, Newton:
Riots break out
8/22 1000 troops are called in to bring order to Springfield,
Miss
8/30 The school year begins with massive integration in the South
9/2
Mississippi: Natchez civil rights march called off as
troops move in.
9/6
Bogalusa, AL:
9/9
Washington: LBJ signs bill creating the Dept. of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD)
3000 whites protest in support of segregation
10/22 Alabama: All white jury acquits Collie Leroy Wilkins in
Luizzo murder
10/27 Britain: Prime Minister Ian Smith attempts to consolidate
(optional)
his white supremacist government
12/3
Montgomery:
3 Klansmen guilty of killing Luizzo
�1965 civil Riqhts Timeline
1/16 Mississippi: 18 arrested in murder of three civil rights
workers
2/1
Selma, Alabama: King and 770 others arrested in protest
against voter discrimination
2/3
Selma:
2/10 Selma:
1000 more held in voting rights drive
mass arrests continue
2/21 Manhattan: Malcolm X is shot
3/9
Montgomery, Alabama: King and 1500 others blocked with
clubs and teat gas on way to Montgomery
3/11 Selma:
3/17 Alabama:
Rev. James Reeb dies of beating by whites
Federal judge authorizes march to Montgomery
3/20 Texas: LBJ orders federal troops to protect protesters on
march to Montgomery
3/20 Alabama:
March to Montgomery begins
3/24 Alabama:
Freedom march reaches Montgomery
3/25 Alabama:
marchers
Viola Luizzo, white, shot dead for transporting
3/26 Alabama:
FBI arrests four Klan members for murder of Luizzo
3/27 Alabama: KKK leader Robert Shelton calls civil rights
murders Communist plot to destroy us right wing
4/25 Atlanta: Segregationist Lester Maddox leads protest march
(many KKK members) through Atlanta protesting King's Selma
march
4/29 Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel orders all public
schools desegregated by fall of 1967
5/7
Alabama:
6/14 Jackson:
Klansman indicted for Luizzo murder get mistrial
472 arrested on civil rights march
7/4
Washington:
King calls for end to Vietnam War
8/6
Washington:
Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965
8/11-14
Watts, Newton:
Riots break out
�0
9/2
Mississippi: Natchez civil rights march called off as
troops move in.
9/9
Washington: LBJ signs bill creating the Dept. of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD)
10/22 Alabama: All white jury acquits Collie Leroy Wilkins in
Luizzo murder
10/27 Britain: Prime Minister Ian Smith attempts to consolidate
(optional)
his white supremacist government
12/3
Montgomery:
3 Klansmen guilty of killing Luizzo
�776
CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES-CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
All countries have safeguards for criminal
suspects, but the nature and flexibility of the
safeguards vary. France, for instance, has no
privilege against self-incrimination, and its system of criminal justice relies heavily on questioning the suspect. In some of the developing
countries, as well as South Africa, there are ' preventive detention" acts that allow the government to circumvent the ordinary safeguards in
placing persons in jail. Enemies of the state
have not always been afforded the usual protections in Communist countries.
The constitutions of the Communist and developing countries commonly place more emphasis on economic and social rights of a positive
kind, such as the right to work and the right to b~
educated, than does the U.S. Constitution, which
was formulated at a time when the function of
government was considered to be largely negative.
With the exception of the Republic of South
Africa, the major countries of the world consider
racial discrimination wrong and in varying degrees forbid it by law.
Various attempts have been made to protect
human rights internationally, but these have had
much less practical significance than the efforts
of particular states. The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, drafted by the United Nations
Human Rights Commission and adopted by the
General Assembly in 1948, covers both traditional civil and r.olitical rights and the newer economic, socia , and cultural rights, but it is not
legally binding. The Assembly has adopted
more limited conventions that do bind signatories on such subjects as genocide, statelessness~
refugees, slavery, nationality, marriage, ana
forced labor.
In December 1966 two United Nations covenants that would be binding on signatories were
adopted and opened for signature by the General
Assembly. One is the Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, the other the Covenant on
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. These
contain no effective enforcement mechanisms,
however. Nonetheless they can help, as the
Declaration and other efforts of the United Nations have helped, to create an international atmosphere in which observance of basic human
rights is more consistent throughout the world.
On a regional level, under the Council of
Europe, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has been widely · adhered to. Its machinery includes a court that hears claims by
individuals against member states. Similar institutions have been proposed for other multinational regions. In the foreseeable future, however, the primary guarantor of civil liberties and
rights will continue to be the nation state.
See also CENSORSHIP; CHURCH AND STATE;
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT; PRIVACY.
KENT GREENAWALT
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, a campaign by anumber of organizations, supported by many individual citizens, to achieve equality for American
blacks. Informally, "the movement" was a term
used to refer to the activities of organizations in
the forefront of the struggle during the 1950's,
1960's, and later, when efforts to attain voting
rights1 access to public accommodations, and better eaucational and economic opportunities for
blacks were intensified.
As a result of the adoption of the 13th, 14th,
and 15th amendments to the Constitution (18651870), blacks were, in theory, free and equal citizens. Congress in 1866 and 1875 passed civilrights acts aimed at guaranteeing rights in courts
and equal access to public accommodations for
blacks. But in 1883 the Supreme Court declared
unconstitutional the 1875 act, contending that
the 14th Amendment did not prohibit the invasion of civil rights by individuals. The ruling
doomed hopes of Southern blacks for equality.
In fact, the status of three fourths of the American blacks-those in the former slave statestended to worsen as the Southern white conservative leadership adopted iaws and supported
policies that effectively circumvented constitutional guarantees. See BLACK AMERICANS.
Blacks migrated to the North to escape oppression and to seek greater economic opportunities, and the civil-rights leadership was assumed ·
by the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored Peo~le (NAACP) and the National
Urban League (NUL). The NAACP, formally
organized in 1910 and strongly committed to the
ideals of democracy, sought through legal means
to gain equality for all persons within the American political system. Many whites viewed the
NAACP as radical and as a troublemaker because
of the numerous litigations it brought; some
blacks looked on it with suspicion, feeling it was
manipulated by whites. Although the organization was not popularly based, it was for a half
century the most important and most effective
civil-rights agency. By its activities-and judicial acceptance of its position-a climate of opinion favorable to the growth of more activist organizations was created.
The National Urban League, one year younger than the NAACP, directed its efforts chiefly
in behalf of working-class blacks, for it was designed to help them adjust to urban areas. It
instructed the migrants in how to live in cities,
found lodgings and jobs, developed training programs, led boycotts against businesses in an effort to have blacks employed, and provided leadership in relations with labor unions. The NUL
and the NAACP were the best financed of the
agencies; they were nonrevolutionary and "orderly" and did not arouse the opposition of a
large portion of the white power structure.
·
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
founded in Chicago in 1942, was the seedbed for
the growth of ideas and tactics widely employed
�"r·--·--•••~
•••-
~VlfV061~
·1 7Ut/3
march on Washington,
D.C., where Dr. Martin
Luther King and others
addressed
more than
250,000 marchers.
PICTORIAL PARADE
various state laws; through Supreme Court decisions on political primaries, graduate and profes. sional education, transportation, and real estate
covenants; by presidential appointment of a Civil Rights Commission; and executive ordering of
integration of the armed forces. But Congresslike the public-seemed more interested in lip
service to democracy than in the achievement of
actual equality. Inequity of opportunity and
treatment in the political, economic, educational,
housing, and public accommodations areas amply demonstrated that blacks were still secondclass. citizens. Groups seeking to remove those
inequalities were small, Northern-based, elitist,
and inadequately financed (by whites chiefly).
World War II and its aftermath effected great
changes. Large numbers of blacks moved west
and north to share in the wartime prosperity, giving the minority problem a national rather than a
sectional character; urbanization was rapidly accelerated; large numbers of blacks who fought in
the armed services against tyranny and injustice
abroad more keenly felt injustice at home; independence for colonial peoples made realization
of the ideals of democracy a domestic as well as
an international issue; and the successful use of
nonviolence by·Gandhi in India underscored the
efficacy of "creative disorder" as a means of
achieving certain goals. By the mid-1950's a
new generation was coming to maturity that had
known only the changing conditions of the war
and postwar years. Even so, it is doubtful that a
major breakthrough in the struggle to attain
equal rights for blacks could have been achieved
had not the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a
watershed school desegregation decision in
1954.
School Desegregation and Its Aftermath. Although
blacks were denied formal education while in
slavery, they participated enthusiastically in
public education for a brief period during Reconstruction. Then, as a result of a Supreme Court
ruling (Plessy v. Ferguson), blacks after 1896
were confined to "separate but equal" schools in
the South and in many other localities across the
country. Manifestly unequal by every yardstick,
these segregated schools provided an education
far inferior to that offered whites. Disadvantaged in education, blacks were inevitably disadvantaged in almost every other area.
Beginning in the late 1930's, the Supreme
Court chipped away at the 1896 doctrine as it
applied to higher and professional education,
and in May 1954 it tore the wall down. In
Brown v. Board of Education, the court cited
psychological and sociological data of Kenneth
Clark and others and declared separate schools
inherently unequal. Clark, a black educator and
psychologist, had contended that segregation
was harmful to both black and white students.
In 1955. the justices remanded all cases on taxsupported schools to the district courts, ordering
that blacks be admitted to the public schools "on
a racially nondiscriminatory basis with all deliberate speed." By then, some upper South and
border states had moved toward desegregationi
but in the deep South sentiment j>Olarizea
around the "desegregation now" and desegregation never" extremes. Many state and local
authorities, mostly in the South, adopted numerous delaying schemes. Most Southern congressmen denounced the Brown decision, and White
Citizens' Councils and other groups pledged to
preserve white supremacy sprang up in many
states. Slowly, painfully, with much litigation,
considerable violence, frequent use of federal
marshals and occasional use of federal troops
(notably at Little Rock, Ark., in 1957), and with
"any perceptible movement" often construed as
"all deliberate speed," desegregation had been
accomplished by 1965 in 1,160 of the 3,028
Southern school districts containing white and
black pupils. Nearly 316,000 blacks-about
10%-were attending schools with whites.
The record in the publicly supported colleges
and universities was better than in the secondary
and elementary schools, but federal troops had to
quell serious disorders at the University of Mississippi in the fall of 1962 and force the enrollment of James Meredith. The Civil Rights Act
of 1964 required school districts to comply with
its rrovisions against discrimination or lose federa funds provided for education.
Frontal Assault on Southem Discrimination. The
Supreme Court decisions of 1954 and 1955 had a
profound effect. Segregation, legal for more
than 50 years, was suddenly illegal, and the machinery of the existing power structure would
now be used to carry out the new legality. What
then, of the many things that had long been legai
but long denied by existing local governments to
so many citizens? If the central government had
"changed the rules" in one area, would it permit
change in other areas by new methods? Con-
777
'-~~~~~·~~!!!!!!!1~~~==:::::::-:.
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�778
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
gress in 1957 signaled its willingness to help
effect change by passing its first civil-rights law
in more than 80 years. The act dealt rather ineffectively with voting rights.
By 1957 a significant new organization and
the most influential civil-rights leader of the decade had emerged. Continued discrimination
on the Montgomery, Ala., buses was met by ministerial leadership in the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association, and a successful boycott of the bus lines followed. The Rev.
Martin Luther King, Jr., was catapulted to the
front, and under his leadership the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was
organized in Atlanta in 1957. The charismatic
King was totally committed to nonviolent direct
action that would "create such a crisis and foster
such a tension" that a community which had constantly refused to negotiate would be forced to
"confront the issue." King, a moderate, stood
between the forces of complacency and the
forces of hatred and bitterness that were close to
advocating violence. His methods were Gandhian but with more emphasis on love of those guilty of injustice. In contrast to Gandhi, King and
his followers were members of a minority group;
the success of assertive nonviolence thus depended in great measure on the inherent goodwill of the white majority.
The SCLC tactics were adapted from CORE,
which under the leadership of James Farmer began to expand rapidly in the late 1950's. But it
took a new organization, the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC)-which King
helped organize-to inject a more zealous tone
into the movement. Beginning with four students sitting in at a lunch counter in Greensboro,
N.C., on Feb. 1, 1960, SNCC was formally organized at Shaw University in Raleigh the following April. The sit-ins, which SNCC was designed to coordinate, had already spread
throughout the South, and those engaged in this
activity were l(arefully· selected and trained to
endure all kinos of verbal and physical abuse
without resorting to counterattack. The composure of the blue-denimed youth won much sympathy and admiration, and their actions were upheld by the Supreme Court in December 1961.
By that time a stronger civil-rights bill had
been passed in 1960. John F. Kennedy-not yet
fully committed to civil rights but providing
more moral leadership than his predecessorhad become president, and the Freedom Rides
had begun in early 1961. Started by CORE, this
action to test segregation in bus terminals serving interstate passengers mushroomed when
SNCC joined. It reached jail-overflowing proportions when hundreds of volunteers-white
and black-reacted to the burning of one bus and
the abuse
and beating of the occupants of anoth' '_ .. _ ..,_ _ __ r-nn r _ .l _ ... 1 ____ .. _ '- _ 1.. . _. _ .. • _ . . ,
ister them. But rebuffs, reprisals, and dilatory
tactics prevented significant numbers of blacks
from joining the registration rolls.
Sit-ins, wade-ins, freedom rides, limited boycotts, demonstrations, marches, and other types
of creative disorder were gaining public acceptance a~d convincing many white persons of the
legitimacy and morality of the blacks' demands.
But events in highly segregated Birmingham
Ala., in April and May 1963 probably did mor~
than any other single thing to gain widespread
public support for the civil-rights movement.
Picketings and sit-ins at some stores resulted in
the jailing of 2,400 persons. Dogs and fire hoses-by order of Police Commissioner Eugene
"Bull" Connor-were directed at a large crowd
of street demonstrators that included many high
school and younger students. The photograph of
a police dog leaping at the throat of a schoolboy
outraged public sentiment, brought nationwide
financial and political support, and fostered increased pressure for action by the federal government.
In June 1963, President Kennedy called for
new legislation. More than 200,000 people
· marched in Detroit to demand immediate steps
for equality. The degree of public support for
civil rights was best exhibited by the march on
Washington, D.C., on Aug. 28, 1963. More than
250,000 persons from all over the nation gathered in almost religious attitude at the Lincoln
Memorial and demonstrated by their presence
the intensity of the nation's "moral crisis."
Even as such nonviolent tactics received
wide public support, white extremists in the
South stepped up their reprisals. Medgar Evers,
field secretary for the NAACP, was shot to death
at his home in Jackson, Miss., on June 12, 1963.
On September 15, four black girls were killed in
a church bombing in Birmingham. The violence
continued in 1964. For their "Mississippi Summer:," COFO sent 1,000 students, teachers, and
other persons into the state to encourage, train,
and sustain blacks in registering and voting. Harassed in every way-even by bombings and
beatings-the freedom workers endured much.
On June 20 three of them were murdered near
Philadelphia, Miss.
Congress Responds. The civil-rights bill had
made no material progress in 1963. But then,
after President Kennedy's assassination on November 22, President Lyndon Johnson called on
Congress to pass his predecessor's legislative
program. Administration pressure combined
with public indignation finally proved effective.
A Senate filibuster was broken, and the "Magna
Carta" for black Americans, the Civil Rights Act
of 1964, was passed and signed into law on July
2. The law forbade discrimination in the use of
most public facilities. The government at long
'---L '---' -'--'-··--'
r ___ --·---'"---
�-Q·oa.·aaa·.-
Violence and Fragmentation of
-----
Movement. In
the Watts (black) section of Los Angeles, an outburst of rioting between Aug. 11 and 15, 1965,
resulted in 34 deaths, more than 1,000 injuries,
about 4,000 arrests, and $40 million in property
damage. The riot was born of frustration that
seemed rooted in urban ghetto conditions: high
unemployment, stalling of poverty programs,
miserable housing, exploitation by business establishments, ill health, lack of hope, and insufficient efforts to channel frustration into nonviolent directions.
To unskilled and poverty-stricken blacks the
various provisions of the 1964 act were a mockery. Such blacks had no training that would
enable them to share in a booming technological
economy. Many were disheartened and frustrated by the slow results of nonviolence and social
disorder; a large number were alienated from the
values of middle-class America; communication
between them and constituted authorities as well
as with civil-rights leaders was poor.
A serious division among civil-rights organizations began to appear in 1966. In May a
shake-up in SNCC resulted in the replacement of
John Lewis as chairman by the more radical
Stokely Carmichael. Carmichael sanctioned retaliatory violence as a legitimate weapon. One
month later, James Meredith was shot and
wounded while leading a "March Against Fear"
in Mississippi. Carmichael, one of the leaders
who then took up the march, began to talk of
Black Power; he repudiated integration and directed more and more of his appeal to the masses
in. the ghettos. Many members of both races
withdrew from the organization. SNCC gained
some ideological identification with the Black
Muslims, and Black Power seemed to move toward Black Nationalism. Burning, destruction,
rioting, and guerrilla tactics were freely spoken
of by Carmichael and H. Rap Brown, who succeeded him in 1967.
CORE, under the national chairmanship of
Floyd B. McKissick, had become less conservative. In 1967 it made the first significant move
toward becoming the unifying group for activist
black organizations when it eliminated "multiracial" from its membership description. McKissick considered the civil-rights movement dead
and the "black revolution" under way. ·
Efforts by King to end discrimination in housing and employment in Chicago through mass
demonstrations and marches were unsuccessful
in 1966. The SCLC leader found himself caught
between the new legalism of NAACP and the
growing radicalism of CORE and SNCC. His
nonviolent philosophy and intellectualism impaired his chances of becoming a leader of the
most alienated elements within the ghettos.
The more militant elements within the black
community seemed close to a philosophy of ni-
~~d-·th~t--~~r~ifiiie~rh~p~;--a~d- d;fla~ce of law helped create a climate that encouraged violence, but that white racism must bear the chief
blame for the conditions that sparked riots. The
commission denied the conspiracy theory of the
riots and cited the strong desire of blacks for a
cultural identity within a white society. It
warned, however, of a trend toward the creation
of two societies. The commission recommended
sweeping programs for housing, job creation and
training, education, and welfare. The proposals
reflected the shifting of focus from guaranteeing
rights to an assault on economic barriers.
Dr. King's Death and Its Impact. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., on April 4, 1968,
touched off new rioting in at least 46 cities. On
April 11, President Johnson signed a measure
providing penalties for those who attempt to interfere with an individual's exercise of civil
rights and for those who use interstate and foreign commer~e to incite, organize, ~arti.ci~ate .in,
or further a not. The act forbade discnmmatlon
in most housing, but this provision was made
obsolete in June. The Supreme Court, citing the
1866 Civil Rights Act, prohibited discrimination
in the rental and sale of all housing.
Another act, signed on Aug. 1, 1968, authorized the construction or rehabilitation of more
than 1.7 million housing units within three years.
Federal subsidies would greatly reduce both
rental and purchase costs. ·
The National Urban League took steps to
help ~hetto residents organize, choose leaders,
identity grievances, and work out means of compelling merchants, city officials, and others to
take corrective action. The emphasis on selfdetermination, pride, and self-respect indicated
disillusionment with tactics that had led to violence. CORE was shaken in 1968 by dissension
between advocates of reform and revolution.
Challenges and Change. The Rev. Ralph D.
Abernathy succeeded King as president of SCLC
and led the Poor People's Campaign that King
had conceived. But a two-month encampment
in Washington and marches on govemmen·t offices failed to achieve ill-defined goals. Issues
had changed, and the old strategies seemed less
effective. However, a strike by sanitation workers in Memphis, Tenn., achieved employee demands. For the first time, in such a confrontation, city officials faced an effective coalition of
labor, civil rights, and religious groups.
Dubious of Richard Nixon's commitment to
civil rights, blacks overwhelmingly supported
Hubert HumP.hrey for president in 1968.
Charges of a 'Southern strategy" appealing to
whites gained credence when in 1969 the Nixon
administration sought to delay integration of certain Southern school districts. Nearly 35% of
Southern black students attended desegregated
schools by 1970, but tempers flared in both the
�780
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT-CIVIL SERVICE
North and South over the busing of students from
their school districts to achieve integration.
Congress in 1970 rejected administration attempts to "water down" an extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a law largely responsible
for doubling black voters since 1960 and for
electing 528 Southern black officials in 1969.
But racial tension grew as black unemployment
rose and as violence increased between blacks
and police. Chicago police killed two leaders of
the Black Panther party in 1969, and many persons ~upported Panther charges of a national
conspiracy to eliminate their leaders. When police killed six blacks in Augusta, Ga., and two at
Mississippi's Jackson State College in 1970,
blacks accused the Nixon administration of creating an atmosphere of violent repression.
But one indication of growing success in the
civil-rights movement was the increased number
of blacks elected to public office and the formation in 1969 of the Congressional Black Caucus.
Beginning with a membership of six in the
House of Representatives, the caucus grew to
more than 20 members over the next decade.
The group stressed such issues as enforcement of
the civil-rights laws, elimination of discrimination, support of voter registration, increased education and job training, and reforms in welfare.
As the struggle over access to public accommodations had been largely won by the early
1970's, attention increasingly turned to the promotion of educational and economic opportunities. Of crucial importance was a campaign for
affirmative action as a means of overcoming lingering effects of past discrimination. The Equal
Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 was enacted to encourage preferential hiring and promotion of ethnic minorities and women.
Key Supreme Court decisions in the 1970's
condemned racially discriminatory hiring practices, supported awards of back pay to victims of
job discrimination, and generally supported
(United States v. Weber, 1979) the principle that
race-conscious affirmative action by private employers was permissible. In 1980 (Fullilove v.
Klutznick) the court ruled that Congress could
make limited use of racial quotas in setting funding guidelines to support black businesses.
In the 1980s, however, Reagan administration
policies generally ran counter to many of the
trends viewed as progressive by civil-rights leaders. Administration programs called for limiting
or ending school busing for the purposes of integration, supporting federal tax credits for parents
who send their children to private and parochial
schools, and putting curbs on affirmative-action
initiatives. In 1984 the U.S. Commission on
Civil Rights, with a pro-administration majority
in control, denounced the use of numerical quotas in affirmative-action programs. It took the
view that they "merely constitute another form
of unjustified discrimination" and are contrary to
.1
•••• '
1
•
•
,
,..
,
.
. •
CIVIL SERVICE, the organized body of paid, civilian government employees appointed to office
rather than elected. It is often synonymous with
the "merjt system," under which employees are
hired on the basis of their qualifications, as determined by examinations, and not beca4se of
their political affiliation.
,
The civil service is most typically viewed as
an organ of a central government, but there are
also state, rrovincial, local, regional, and international civi services. The precise categories of
personnel officially included in a civil service
vary somewhat from nation to nation. Also, popular and legal usages of the term may differ.
However, custom and law everywhere exclude
elected officials and members of the armed
forces from civil service.
U.S. CIVIL SERVICE
Since World War II, the merit system has covered almost all federal full-time civil servants.
In addition, more than two thirds of the states
and many cities have full or partial merit systems. Employees in the civil service provide a
vast range of services and include administrative
officials, police officers, fire fighters, sanitation
workers, technicians, social workers, and secretarial and clerical workers. Virtually every occupation can be found in the civil service.
Reform Act of 1978. Until 1978 the U.S. Civil
Service Commission was responsible for the
management of the federal civil service. It provided examinations for job applicants, established job classifications, and was responsible for
personnel management. The 1978 reform act
replaced the commission with two new agencies-the Office of Personnel Management and
the Merit Systems Protection Board. The new
law also made it possible to reward good performance with merit pay raises and permitted supervisors to fire incompetent workers if they
could show substantial evidence to support their
claims. Pay increases also were tied to performance for some managers.
Job Classifications. The most distinctive features of U.S. civil services lie in their complex
systems of job classification and availability to
persons seeking employment. Generally there
is a very detailed classification of jobs based on
relative difficulties of duties and responsibilities,
to which commensurate pay is usually quite
closely tied.
Federal civil-service employees are grouped
according to jobs and pay scales into 18 General
Schedule grades-GS-1 to GS-18. Salaries are
comparable to those in private industry. The
civil service is a career system, and employees
may be promoted or transferred without any loss
of their civil-service rights. There has been a
tradition of"lateral entry," with persons entering
the civil service at all ages and levels, and frequently mo':ing back and forth between the gov-
�1965
Su MoTu~ Th Fr Sa
I 2
34S6789
10 II 12 13 14 IS 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 2S 26 27 28 29 30
31
Sir Winston Churchill, 1874·1965
,.. ........... _.... _,
-.n
rooa.t.l
LPuadena: MlchipDO'ICr
~Slate 34-7iD Rooe Bowl.
2. Mlami:JooNamathlip!ftnt
~~~:
2.SoathV"IOIDamaelooelia-day
bailie at BiDh Ola (- 6).
3. Syria llllionaliza lllliD
iDdastries
3/4~
4. LBJ outliDI:s JOlla for Orut
~ iD SlateofUDioallddftss
<-
a. Coaao: 500 ....... ...,.....Uy
.......... iDiastlia-D
(- IIIZ5).
IL WIIIJiDatm: 1n1aoam<J
CouudlcmllmoliJJ8 Health uya
125.000 AmabDI will dlelium
c:fpmtesiDI"'(- 218).
u. Looo:,.,.., u.s. plaaeslhat
....... 08 c:ombot mlakm
<- 9117/69).
the,.,._
l4.Bdfist:l'nmlenofNorth
lmand IIIII Republk: of Ireland
meetforftnttime(- 318/66).
IS. Londoft: Cbwcblllsuft'en
atroke; coadltloa sn.. 30).
16. Mllsilalppi: 18 onat<d iD
a..a..-
<-
mwder oftfmoc:MI rishll
....tm(- 211~
l7.WIIIbJDatoo:LBIIIIIIIOIUICOS
BB~ptojocta(- 20~
==~
ddQI(- 2116).
20. WcstOamanybqiDuhlppiaa SBOmll iD mllltory aid to
Jan 30. Sir Wit111011 ~
who rallied his nation and the Wildt!
to the cause or freedom ill 'Wadtl
War II, has died at theapaftQ.IJ'
Winston was laid to rt11 ill a
cemetery near his family'a ltlltlalad
home at Blenheim Palace
an extraordinary state ftmaalta
London that included . . . _ .
tivesor 110 nations. It -tbellad
tribute to a man wbostoodaaalllll
among the statesmm ollbe :JIIJI&
Century. For Britain, ita impaiiJ
glories already fading. bb c1a111
seemed to be the symbolic eadala
proud era. For the world 11 1
whole, it was the departan al8
brilliant statesman who wldl 1111
determination and el~ IIOatJ
as a symbol of defiance to Hider.
In the darkest boun al 'Wadtl
War II, when the German 111111e1
were overruning Europe, il - •
Sir Winston that BritaiD 111m1t1
in 1940 as Prime Minister. OdutiJ,
he told the House of eon.- did
"I have nothing to offer but lllaatl
toil. tears and sweat." In
ding months when BritaiD 1111011
alone in the war, fearing a
invasion and battered by
bombers, Churchill stood as a.,.
bol of perseverance, a cigar IJpic:oiiJ
in his mouth and two fingers l'lliled
in the sisnal or victory.
With America's mtry Into 1111
war following Pearl Harbor, bepn~o
vided the leadership and oobaiaD
for the alliance of Britain, the Uai&ed States and the Soviet UlliOII dtol
finally crushed the Axis powm.
In his long career or public .,..
vice, stretching back to the ltlnl II
the century, he suffered his mast
bitter personal setback in 1945,
when, with the war won in EaJope.
he was defeated in a national election by the Labor Party.
In the postwar period, be wascme
or the first voices to warn or Sowid
FEBRUARY 8. 1965
Churr:h/11....., In the bath in 1945 when told that Britain ......, voting l.Dbar:
"Thert may ~~~til be a landslide and they have a perfect right to kick w out
That udemtJCrrzcy. That u wlratlllt lrave been jlghtill8for. Hand me my towel "
brid <- 2112).
20. Cairo: Nawr taka nomiDI·
tioa for Jrd praidcney (- 3/15).
lL New Yort:lnd<mcsla formal·
lypulbontofU.N.(- 2126).
23.Colorado: IOOc:adell
cbaraed iD Air Academy
cbeatiaaiiCIIIIdal.
26.lran: Pmnier Hassan Ali
MIII!OurdiaofWauin's bullet
wotllldl(-4/10).
17. Saiaon: Militory leaden oust
civiliaa JOYI. ofTnm Van
Huons(- 216).
za. Cairo: Sophia Lorm movies
banned iD Arab .......
expansion, declaring in a 1946
DEA111
24. Winslon CburchlO. British
ltatesman and world ltoder
( 0 11/J0/1874~
Churchill, rtnowned in Brita/~ for 65 years. lies in state in l.Dndon.
speech in Fulton, Missouri, that ID
"iron curtain" was descendiDJ
across the continent. He was No
elected Prime Minister in 1951, I
post he held until 1955, wbca I»
retired because or failing health.
A graduate of Sandburst. be t.
gan his career as army olllcer ad
war correspondent. He was &nl
elected to Parliament in 1901 ad
shonly before World War I made First Lord of the AdminiiJ.
�1965
136 Americans •led Johnson lnstaiiN; stresses Great Society
In VIetnam In 1964
I. Jack "Murph the Surf'
27, and a companion were
Miami as suspects in the
•t•:I41'U.UIJU in rare gems from
of Natural
aw-.m(~~rolrmsty~.The
the Star of
of the other 22
Jan 6. The total number of Amer·
ican combat casualties suffered by
military advi~rs in South Vietnam
in 1964 was made public today by
the United States military mission
in Saigon. From among the Army,
Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps
peraonnel stationed there, 136 were
killed and 1,022 were wounded.
Eleven Americans are listed as
missing in action. There are cur·
renUy at least 16,000 men serving in
the various units under the U.S.
Military Assistance Advisory
Group Command, and this y~'s
figures represent an increase over
the previous two. According to the
Saigon military mission, 32 Americans were kiUed in 1961-62, while
76 were reponed killed last y~
(- 27).
Notu Nqro Ia.,
playwright Is •••
Lomt/nt Hansberry.
Jan U. "What happens to a
d~ deferred?" asks a Langston
Hughes poem. Playwright Lorraine
Hansberry's dreams are deferred
eternally by her untimely death
from cancer. She was only 34.
Miss Hansberry, daughter of a
wealthy Negro banker, took anoth·
er line from a Hughes poem for the
title of her firsl play, "A Raisin in
the Sun." The work, given the 1959
New York Drama Cities Award,
was crilicized and praised. Miss
Hansberry had dared to sbow Negroes without stereotype. Her play
"The Sign in Sidney Brustein 's Win·
dow•• is now on BroadWB)'.
LBJ taka oath from Warn• as Lady Bird and V.P. Humphrey/oak on.
Jan :ZO. Lyndon Baines Johnson
officially begins his first full term as
President of the United States today. After being sworn in by Chief
Justice Earl Warren, LBJ addressed
the thousands who braved frigid
weather to witness the inaugural
ceremonies. His speech, praised by
Democrats and Republicans alike,
emphasized his war on poveny and
denounced the horrors of racism.
Notina that "we are all passen·
gers on a dot of earth," Johnson
remarked, '"How incredulous it is
that in this fragile existence we
should bate and destroy one anoth·
er." He described his notion of a
"Great Society" as "the excitement
of becoming ... always trying and
always gaining." America, he said,
seeks '"no dominion over our fellow
man, but man's dominion over
tyranny and misery."
Last week, Johnson announced
the creation of 88 new anti-poveny
projects at a cost or $101 million.
The funds will provide education,
employment and job training for the
nation's destitute, particularly poor
urban youths(- 4/11).
�1965
Su Mo Tu We 1b Fr Sa
---
Hundreds of protestfnt Negroes arrested
1234'6
7 8 9 10 II 12 13
14 I' 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 2' 26 27
28
I. Alahama: Rev. KiDs llld 770
otbm amsltd iD protal tpiDat
voterdiJcriminadou(- 3~
'L Auddond: Auatnlian RDII
am. ..... 5.000-melaliD
reconll3:33.6.
:1. Alahama: 1,000 more bdd iD
..cina ri&ldJdrive(- 10). .
6. Vidum: SeYeu U.S. G.l.'a
killed iD Y'IOI Colla raid
atPieiku; 126WOIII!d..S(- 7),
OD-
Ii.:~=·~~hil
prlaalforYIOICotlanlds(- 9).
S.NowYort: 84dleuDC-7
mshaolfJoaeslleocb.
8. BrltaiD blmsdpmlelllboa
ldevbioa(-612/67)
9. Moscow: u.s. EmbuayiiDDod
by <:lti--. Vlelaameoe llt1ldmla
(-II).
12. West Germany, UDder Anb
JII"'IURo haiti military ab;p.
meubtobrul(- 5/12~
14. Now Yurt: Malcolm X home
firebombed; no iJiiurles (- 21 ~
15. onawa: Carwla'a maple leaf
Oaa railed for lint time.
16. Capelteonaly: F'UII p_.,.
lalellitelauucbedtoatudymo-llldotheramdidoua
imporllllt to Apollo(; 20~
16. N.Y.: Poor bdd In plot to
blow
of Uberty, J.lbcro
up-
ty lldL Wlllbinstoa MoaamciiL
=~u:.:.::~
19. Now Yurt: 14 Vidum
rr:.:::.(-':11~ blocklDI
20. Rauser 8 bitsiDOOD, ndi01
7,000 pbotOI to u.s.<- 3/18).
26. BI'Dim: N<miUIII Butler ar·
rated iD Malcolm X murd<r
2/28/66).
26.lndonesiatcizcs rubber
plantsofU.S. firma(- 28).
lB. Jakarta: 500 ladouesian
lludmll invade bam< of U.S.
ambasaador(- 3/21).
<-
King /ook.r to MontgOmery. with marchers tOling sigru. "Wt need bail money. "
Peb 10. Mass arrtsts of Negrots
prottsting segregation and voting
rights violations continue in the
turbulent South. In Selma, Alabama, February I, civil rights leader
Rev. Dr. Manin Luther King Jr.
and 770 others were arrtsted for
picketing a county courthouse for
eliminatiOn of discriminatory vot~
ing requirements. At the rally,
King said, "If NegrOts could vote,
there would be no opprtsSive poverty directed against Negroes, our
children would not be crippled by
segregated schools and the whole
community might live together in
barmony."
More than 1,000 Negro school·
children were arrtsted two days
later for truancy or unlawful assembly, as the Selma prottst campaign spread to nearby Marion.
King directed the demonstration
from his Selma jail ceU.
Today, Sheriff James Clark and
several deputits forced 165 Selma
Negro youths to march. Applying
cattle prods and swinging clubs, the
officers pushed the crowd to a make·
shin jail (- 3/9).
Fell 15. A \'Oice that
f..._•g [0 one pan r.
C to J hl,a~. honey-c1
" dut .. u.,tained Nat ··~
., .. wr .;,inger for a ql
:rt~fUf"' .:snd racked up !
s-t'-"
~ rro::•rd ..;~.I~. Sathan
(.~ from Alabama, tl
&.&rt 1,t mmi,tcr. began
:h(' t\\lrtC'' in small
':r.:1cd his own trio a
w.o.g:n.: hy accident ~
:.an~uri1ng from his
'!kl'Uth. each ..·owel S3\'
~~hrd tho\e yard-\\ide
U.S. launches air strikes on North VIetnam
Peb 11. The Johnson administra·
tion bas ordered air strikts against
targets in North Vietnam in retaliation for guerrilla attacks directed by
Hanoi against American military
installations in South Vietnam. The
first strike by Navy carrier plants at
what was dtscribed as a Viet Cong
staging area in the southern part of
North Vietnam was ordered after
Communist guerrillas staged coor-
dinated attacks against U.S. installations at Pleiku in the Central
Highlands of South Vietnam. Eight
O.l.'s were kiUed and 108 wounded.
When the Viet Cong then at·
tacked a U.S.Army barracks in the
coastal city of Quinhon, both Air
Force and Navy plants, in the biggtst air attack of the war, struck at
coastal supply depots in the southern part of North Vietnam.
The White House said the air
strikes were in response to "provo-
DEATHS
~till=.~:r~ u.s.
sive<ducation ( ' l i n = :
n. Fdia Pnmld'urter, ...
SupmneCounjustice
( 0 11/15/1882).
G./. ~ help a fellow soldier to stifety.
cations ordered and directed by the
Hanoi regime.'' President Johnson
said that "we seek no wider war"
but cautioned that "whether or not
this course can be maintained lies
with the North Vietnamtse aggresson ... Amid growing tension, John·
son sent an American battalion
equipped with Hawk anti-aircraft
missiles into South Vietnam to protect an air base at Danang (- 25).
!'..1." ,u~.·~umbed
Peb 23. Stan Lawd afalt.t...,ll:':
and Hardy team bas dled Ill . . . ·, '• '•
Monica, Calif. He wu74. n.·lliil·',:'j
made nearly 150 alapetiaadai'··,'J
in the 20's and 30'1. Lallld ~,,~
most of the gaga (wheu llloJ..ai\ ''f>
improvising) and acrupulaasiJ*
ed the film. He did nat beliMIII·:·/
retakts, which may surprileldla.; ;.i.
•:lr
wives: He wed each womaa IWia
\.
Oddly enough, altboqb dllir •
:.
sociation spanned decodcl, Lllall
and Hardy bad only receD11J.... .
to know each other well. OD a llllp .. '
bound for a publicity -Ia
~~
land, the men found e51011111a..
their hands to do maN IbiD
shop. They talked about tbllr ...
of singing, their wives, tbllr cfllllo
hoods. Laurel ended publil: ~!P.!".
ances after Hanly
lost an old partner ODdl aa•lllllllli
r., ·
li!ll
to lung£
'~ \c.sr. old. but he h
~-~ l'f haunting romo
&."'d ~"' mging jazz tunes
�Is shot lllanh Is deposed
., VIetnam military
Fcll25. Lt. Gen. Nguyen Khanh,
die military strongman who seized
..,..r 13 months ago, has been over·
daolm in a coup by junior officcn.
lliiOUI!er followed a week of events
-
confllsins than usual. South
¥idDamese army and marine units
IIIII man:hed on Saigon and an·
_ . t h e ouster of Khanh, who
...... servins as Commander-in·
111 the armed forces. For a
it appeared that Khanh
~==::~:t:::buteventually
II
the post of
leave the
a setback
"\l..,...,..tulon•lsolts elTon to por·
in Vietnam<- 3/6).
1965
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1234S6
7 8 9 10 II 12 13
14 IS 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 2S 26 27
28 29 30 31
I. Cairo: UAR algns SIOOmil.
aid poet with E. Germany<- 4).
2. Vietnam: 160 U.S. and Saigon
~~U:~:O'lli"ns~~~
1965
Alabama freedom walk
March Z8. After several shan-
distance protest marches, marked
by violence and mass arrests. 2S.OOO
civil rights demonstrators em·
barked on a SO-mile walk for free·
dom from Selma. Alabama, to the
state Capitol in Montgomery. With
passion in their hearts and justice on
their minds, they reached their des·
tination and challenged Alabama to
raids(- 6).
end racial discrimination.
4. Syria nationaliu:a nine oil
c:ompaniel. twonfU.S. (- 9/16).
6. U.S. IDDIIUIIC<!I it will send
and received a coun order allowing
3,500troopotoVietnam(- 31~
9. Selma: Kina and 1,500 otben
blockal with clubs and tear sas
cmmarchtoMoni&<JIDel1(- II).
11. Selma: Wbite civil rights
acti.Ut Rev. James Reebdiesnf
booting by whtu.s (- 17).
15. Cairo: Nuser re-elected
Egyptian president(- 211'/66).
17. Alabama: Fedemljudge
authorizes civil righll man:b to
Moni&<JIDel1(~ 20~
lt.l.ooclon: Remhrandt'l11-
lul" sold for S1.l milllcm.
20. Teus: LBI nnlm 4,000
troopo to proi<CI Selma·
Montgomerymarchen(21.1Ddoaesia nationaliu:a
Ooodyear and four u.s oil
compani<l <~ 10/1~
ll~
21. Allboma: 3,200besiJJ ,._
-march from Selma to
Moni&<JIDel1(~ 24~
2LCipe Kmnedy: U.S.Iauncbo
eo Ranger 9,1ast in IOries ollunar
eaploratialll (~ 24~
22. Soviet~ say Khnllhehev 1111clerestimatedManlsm(- 5/1~
24. Alabama: Freedom march·
enradiMcmi&<JIDel1(-l5).
24. u.s., Ranger9 moOD photoo
lhon on u.. TV(~ 4/6).
The marchers, led by Rev. Dr.
Manin Luther King Jr., requested
them to proceed along U.S. Route
80 without interference. Federal
Judge Frank Johnson ordered Gov.
emor George Wallace to refrain
from "harassing or threatening"
the protesters along their historic
trek. Wallace, astaunch segregation·
ist. has often ordered the arrests of
thousands of Negro and white civil
rights activists, despite reprimands
King and Abe1711lthy (rt.) lead way.
from President Johnson.
On reachins the Capitol steps,
Kins told the massive crowd, "We
are on the move and no wave of
racism will stop us!"(- 4/2S).
Marines land; bomb rips Saigon Embassy
March 31. In the first commit·
men! of combat troops, the Johnson
administration has ordered two hat·
talions of U.S. Marines into South
Vietnam to help protect a major air
base at Danang. The arrival of the
Marines appeared to mark a distinct
change in the American military
Meanwhile, the Johnson admin·
istration escalated the air war
against Nonh Vietnam. Early in
the month, more than 100 United
States planes bombed a Nonh Viet·
role in the Vietnam War. There
for a Viet Cong attack against
already are 23,SOO American ser·
vicemen in South Vietnam, but their
role has been to serve as advisers to
the South Vietnamese armed forces.
The Marines, in contrast, will en·
sase in military patrols to protect
the Danans air base.
American military installations.
Near the end of the month, a huse
bomb, apparently planted by the
Viet Cons, exploded at the Ameri·
can Embassy in Saigon, causing
scores of casualties and killing two
Americans<- 4/2).
namese munitions depot at Xome
hans. For the fint time, the air raid
was not directly linked as a reprisal
25. Alabama: VK>Ia Uuzzo,
wbltc, ohot to destb llaltlpOrltins
hedommarchen(~
26).
A Alabama: FBI omsta four
Jtlan memben ror murder of
VlolaUuzzo(~ l~
'rl. Alabama: ltltK leaderllob011 Shdtcm ..U.dvil fi&hll
mnntmCommlllllstplatto
deotroJU.S.riaJttwilla<- :18~
211. u.s. !IapraDe Coon-CIDohutdnwnto....uJ
unionlam.
DBADI
17. Forouk. n-tins ofl!mlt
2/11/1920).
(0
Marines wade tUhore near J)Qrumg to faa the elusive Viet Cong.
�1965
Soviet cosmonaut Ooats outside spacecraft
Su Mo Tu
~
4 s 6 7
11 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
25 26 27 28
Th
I
8
IS
22
29
Fr Sa
2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30
2.U.S.to-mat,""""'7
llld aupplla to VieiDam (~ 4~
4- Vielllam:TwollaDoiMIG'a
down two U.S.jelaillflnlllr
dub(~ I~
4- New Yort: 3,1100 pro!lll
Scwietc:urllaaoJewa(~
7125).
6. CllpoCIDawnl: NASA
lauaclha Early Bird, world'a
flnt~llldllte(~ 23~
7.11erlin: 1!1111 Oamtmjela
~
Beliaiev (left) and Leanov in Jloskhod 2/Hfore Leonov's •pace acrobatics.
March 18. Soviet cosmonaut
Aleksei A. Leonov today became
the first man to leave an orbiting
spacecraft and float in space. Leonov opened the hatch of the twoman Voskhod 2 spacecraft as it
passed over the Soviet Union and
spent ten minutes in space. He was
tethered to the spacecraft by a fiveyard rope and wore a space suit
specially equipped to shield him
from the intense heat of the sun.
Television viewen in the Soviet
Union and Europe watched Leonov
emerge from the capsule and do a
somersault in space(- 21).
Quinn and Andrews are Oscar c~ntenden
Both Anthony Quinn and Julie
Andrews are up for Oscars, but
there their similarities end. Quinn,
of Irish-Mexican heritage, has been
in pictures since the mid 1930's.
Until the 'O's he tended to play
heavies, especially ethnic ones (he
could p8ss for Peruvian or Serb).
Last year, he put in a stirring performance as "Zorha the Greek."
English-born Miss Andrews stars
in the current songfest "The Sound
of Music.,. She is an Oscar contender for her role as the levitating nan·
ny in "Mary Poppins." That movie
was her motion picture debut.
hanalluDdalqaPutiammt
...... tbereflnt limo ill ......
yean(~ 1017/66).
:-~.~ltlh'llllallpl
lL Taaa:LBJaipliDfarll.3
biL ill aid to-(~ 7/XI).
lL Gecqla: Joct NiotlaasMasten with""""" %71.
12. U.S.: Toraadoea ..._
Mldwal; 239cladilllh-.
Murrow, CIS News
patron saint, dies
April Z3. "This-is Loncloa.M
With these words, broadcaat on :
CBS Radio during the battle ofJiria, ·
ain in the early years
young Edward R. Murrow made 1 :
name for himself that to this day
and hereafter is synon)'liiOUS willa
integrity and excellence in ioumiJ.
ism. Murrow, who reportediJ
smoked four packs of cigamtea a
day, has died of lung cancer,
days short of his "tb birtbday.
A North Carolina native who
grew up in Washington 111a1e 8lld
graduated from WaaJUnston State
College, Murrow joined CBS iD
193,. In 1948, his "Hear It NOW"
radio program became "See It
Now" on television. Allhoup be
won praise, he grew to distrust 1'V'a
commercialism. From 1961-63,
Murrow was JFK's Dinctororlbe
United States lnformalion·AaoacJ.
or wwn. '
roar
IS. South VidDam: 230plaoea
VletCoaaill ~add
yet(~ 19).
16. ltorea: TRIOJII IUIIIIed to
Seoulesltlldenu riot for fifth
c1ay <~ 10117m~
18. New York: Marian Aoder·
aon sinp famvdllll Camqie
Hall
19. Turteyto~3,000
Greek aatiooals mdispute over
mistreatment ofTUJb in CyJH1IS
<~ 9/9/61).
19. South Vietoam: NiDe Amer·
icaDs killed in bdioopter by Viet
Conuround fire(~ 5116).
19. Boston: Moria Si&aaatsa
willlllcotoa Mantllao
Z3. U.S.S.R.: Soviets launch
their tint communicatiom
Murrow, pioneer in TV joal'lllllilm.
World's lartest air
cooled park opened
sateiUte(~ '12~
15. Dominican Republic: U.S.·
:&~~~~in
26. Cambodia: 20,000 attack
u.s. Embassy(- '13).
28. LBJ S<nds Marines to
Dominican Republic(- 30).
29. Commissioner of Education
Francis Keppel ordm all pubfic
schools desegrqated by fall of
1967 (- ,17).
29. Australia, despite public
opposition. announc:es decisioa
to send 800 !RIOJII to Vietoam
(- 5/16).
Andrews frolic< in the AUltrian Alps.
932
Anthony Quinn: "Zorba the Greek."
April 9. The Houston Astrodome, the world's biggest air-condi·
tioned arena, opened today as President Johnson attended an eahibi·
tion baseball game between the New
York Yankees and the Houston
Astros-the first ever played in·
doors. Built on what wasoncearaz,;-ing land, the Astrodome is 208 feet
high and can seat ,0,000 spectators.
The only flaw is that the clear
plastic panels at the top of the dome
do not allow outfielders to see Oy
halls. Orange baseballs are beins
tested, but it may be nccesstiJ}' to
replace the plutic panels.
�SHews
t, dies
15,000 protesters
picket White House
Coup deposes Dominican President
Aprll30. President Donald Reid
-is London
aJnl bas been thrown out of office
broadca!lol c:
Dominican Republic. A new
1e battleo~B;-: '
junta seized control of the
,ars of \\ \1 I. !
and reportedly called
furrow mad<' 1 ·:111\AIIICrican support to help fight
1at to thh Ill· l
President Johnson
10n>:"o~ w1:·
An additional
nee tn )Ourn> .\:UIOMarin·es and 2,SOO men from
10 reported>
Division started
of cigarett~ :
the war-torn Caribbean
tg cancer. foe·
h binhdav.
18 native \\'h i'
~ton state an: ·
!".hington Su:: •
>ined CBS,.
Hear It !'o'
:ame .. Sec I '
Although ho
::'1 distrust T\' ·
om 1961-0'
>ira:tor ~r••
I
I
l
island. Their mission is to protect
American citizens and property and
to prevent a Communist takeover.
The arrival of the American troops
was assailed by Cuba's Premier Fidel Castro.
Hundreds of people have died in
Aprll17. The man they came to
impress had left for the weekend.
That did not stop I S,OOO students
from marching outside the White
House today, demanding a with·
drawal of American troops from
Vietnam. They jammed the side·
walk on Pennsylvania Avenue as
they demonstrated peacefully and
carried signs calling for an end to
the Vietnam War. President Johnson neither saw nor heard the stu·
dents. He had Down to his Texas
ranch. The protesters, organized by
the left-leaning Students for aDem·
ocratic Society, paraded in the
bright sunshine to the Washington
Monument and then marched to
Capitol Hill(- S/IS).
this civil war. One Marine was
killed and about 18 Marines and
airborne soldiers were hun today in
skinnishes with rebels(- S/2).
!
AllANnC OCEAN
Maddox ortanlzes
Sttretatlon march
April 25. Segregationist Lester
Maddox and a band of 2,000 supportel'll are responding to civil rights
protest marches by marching
through the heart of Atlanta. They
were forced to detour when someone tossed a smoke bomb in their
path. Maddox told the crowd,
many of whom belong to the Ku
Klux Klan and other radical anti·
integrationist groups. that "deadly,
bloody and ungodly communism
threatens our very existence. •• The
turnout was far below the expected
crowd of 10,000 (- 29).
Marines patrol the streets of Santo
Domingo, in an effort to ensure the
advancement ofAmerican interests.
planes reported dropplnt napalm bombs in Vietnam
Merchant of beauty
Rubinstein Is dHd
April I. Helena Rubinstein,
multimillionaire beauty expert and
cosmetics manufacturer, died yesterday in New York. She always
tried to keep her age a secret, but
associates said that she was 94. Born
in Krakow, Poland, she studied
medicine briefly in Switzerland.
then went to Australia and began
treating skin. soon opening salons in
the United States. Twice-married
Rubinstein collected Picassos and
Matisses but brought her lunch in
a bag. Hard-working and eccentric.
she never lost interest in the 110
products that bore her name.
An Amrrican soldirr lends aid to a wounded South Vietnamese. The unique
pen'/s ofguerrilla war are producing numerous civilian cosualties.
i
933
f'
I:
~I
�1965
Su Mo Tu Vk 1b Fr Sa
14,000 U.S. troops In Dominican Republic
I
2345678
9 10 II 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
States strared a rebel radio station.
Rebel rorces allied with Col. Fran-
cisco Caamano Deno fired from
their positions in the streets. At least
one American paratrooper was
killed. There are now 14,000 Ameri·
cans bogged down in this chaotic,
confusing and deadly civil war.
President Johnson made a televised speech on the 2nd to announce
that he was doubling U.S. forces in
the islandanation. Their mission is
L ShoemUcr, em Lucky Ddloaoir, wiastbird lteDiucty Derby.
J. LBioays Camnlllliiii!Dat
- DomlDll:aD IIJifbiDI,illvuiollroroeto14,000(~ 13~
J.U.S.EarlyBirdsatellilebqilll
to '"prevent another Communist
lnDIIDission, liDkina Eulope
IIIII North America(~ 6/3).
state in this hemisphere." Johnson
charged that the democratic revolution on the island had taken a sharp
tum to the left under the command
3. Combodiabroab do with
u.s.<~ 511166).
7. Alaboma: ltlaJwDeD iDdlcled
ror V"aola Uuzm munkr SCI
mlltrial <~ 6/14~
8. Teua:RIIIIIIy-blts
7!17" ill lhol put, ftnl-711.
8. M....., pva ftnl publlc
pnisoofScalbuilloe f956
<~ 1219/65).
9. New York: Vladimir lforo.
witz-IOatqeiiCimqie
HaD after 12·yeerabomce.
ILPaldstaD: Cydoaeldlllupco
5~ fivomll •.bomdaa.
U.WeoiiJamaay._dlploo
lllllicli<swilblll'lld(~ 14~
I~NilleAnbiUIIiaolbreatli<l
with WcstOermllly(~ 27).
15. New York: Slt.iJI halll
Armed Fon:a Day parade on
F"dlh,Ava>ue(~ 31).
16. Seuth Vietnam: CmiD or
bluuldD 21 Amaicaas, daUoy
40plaaeo(~61~
21 RmDe:
v.., IIAMn:ud Pedro
11
of Communist conspiraton. We
must use every resource at our comStraw-halted and armed for battle.
May 13. Both sides broke the
eight-day-old cease-fire in the civil
war that has divided the Dominican
Republic. Efforts to set up negotiations failed. Warplanes of the military junta backed by the United
mand to prevent the establishment
of another Cuba," Johnson said.
Juan Bosch, former Dominican
President, disputes LBJ's charge
that Communists are behind the
rebellion. The allegation, he said,
reminds him of"a great big elephant
afraid of a little mouse"(- 9/26).
Frances Perkins was lsi woman In Cabinet
May 14. Frances Perkins is dead
at 83. President Roosevelt appoint·
ed her Secretary of Labor in 19 33,
the fltSt woman Cabinet member in
American history, and she presided
over the department for 12 turbulent yean, a champion of such
sweeping social legislation as the
Public Works Administration. the
National Recovery Act and the Soeilll Security Act. She wrote ''The
Roosevelt I Knew" as well as books
on labor problems. A handicap
being a woman? "Only when climbing trees," said the warmly admired
lady with the Boston accent.
ArrupenamedhcadofJaulu.
~U.S.SupremeCounYO!dl
law cwl>ina CommWiist propa·
pmlalnmaila(~
11/15).
~Britain adopts metric oystem.
27.1oraells raid Jordan, claimins
rotallation ror Jordanian bcmlor
otrika(~
2/5/66).
ze.India: Mine bliot ldiii:ZOO.
30. French refuse acdve role in
1966NAT0uorclleo(~ 9/11).
31. New York: Columbia vale·
dictorian booed ror deploring
studentprotesto(- 6/8).
31. Jim Clark wino Indy 500 at
150.7 mph ill Lot111.
DEATHS
;.,~=·=
( 0 7/16/1883~
23. David Smith, American
oculpcor. pointer ('319/1906).
i~i.; . ·'··
Mil)' l!. "I told you I bad a surprlae," oald Caaalua Clay after ftoorlna
Sonny Uston Ia 48 seconds to shouts of "Fake, fake, fakel" from the
crowd of 4,l80. Clay, now a Moslem, wore a robe marked Muhammad
All and called his nctory a triumph of the ''rlpceoua life" <- 11/lll.
7
14
21
28
�•'·.'
1965
u.s. forces authorl1eclto fight in Vietnam
Thleu names IJ as
Premier In Vietnam
June 19. Vowing to mobilize all
able-bodied men in the war against
the VietCong, Air Marshal Nguyen
Cao Ky today became South Viet·
nam's new and youngest Premier.
The 34-year-old Ky, commander of
the Air Force, was named to the
post by the ten-man Military Na·
tiona( Leadership Committee head·
ed by Major Oeneral Nguyen Van
Tbieu. Though the militant Bud·
dhists would prefer a civilian go•·
emment, they seem willing for now
to accept Ky. The flamboyant,
mustached Ky received part of his
training in the United States and has
personally led air strikes against
Nonh Vietnam(- 21).
June 29. For the first time in the
Vietnam War, American troops are
fighting in a combat role tonight
next to soldiers of the Saigon re·
gime. It is a "search and destroy"
mission aimed at ZoneD, a Communist stronghold 20 miles nonheast
of Saigon. At least one American
serviceman was killed by a Viet
Cong monar altack. Communists
have been dug into the thick jungle
of Zone D since the end of the war
with France. South Vietnamese
forces have not been able to pene·
Irate the area for 20 years.
Four Marines were killed and
several were injured in another
clash with Communist guerrillas
south of Danang.
Earlier this month, the State De·
panment revealed that President
Johnson had authorized a wider
combat role for American troops in
South Vietnam. Oeneral William
Westmoreland, commander of Unit·
ed States troops in Vietnam. was
given the authority to commit men
to the baltlefleld if the Saigon gov·
emment requested the assistance.
Until this month, the Americans
were authorized only to provide
"perimeter defense" of installations,
but it was widely known that they
were venturing at great distances
beyond those perimeters to pursue
Communist forces (- 7/8).
Ky, 34, new Premitr in Saigon.
Baruch, adviser to
Presidents, Is dead
Juue ll. A financier, philanthropist and adviser to Presidents, Ber·
nard M. Baruch died last night of
a bean attack at the age of 94.
Baruch had made and lost millions
of dollars in Wall Street speculation.
By the time he was 31, he had
amassed S I00,000 for each year of
his age. Accordingly, his views on
economic matten carried consider·
able weight with the public and with
heads of state. Baruch engaged in
extensive correspondence with nine
Presidents of the United States and
was an especially imponant adviser
to Presidents Wilson, Roosevelt and
Eisenhower. He frequently wrote
letters to newspapers and made his
opinions known on many topics.
935
t>
�1965
loumetllenne takes
power In Algeria
Su Mo Tu We Th fr Sa
I 2 3
4
Johnson signs Metllcare In Truman
6 7 8 9 10
II 12 13 14 I' 16 17
Su Me
1 2
s 9
15 16
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2' 26 27 28 29 30 31
12 23
19 30
3. W'UDblcdan' Roy l!menon
over Frod 5colle 6-2. 6-4, 6-4;
Marpm Smltb ..., Maria
Bueoo6-4,7-!.
l.Amhe
4. Wll1llillllon, MsniD Luther
KiDI c:alls for end of VicuwD
"fellow I
EnsJaod
tmtnLall
4.LBJ h
War(- 1/4~
5.Atll<n
Ex-~Jrmy chit/ Boumedienne.
5. MiJOouri, Hany Truman uys
tbe Ullil<d Slata Is "llill tbe
9.Washi
JuaelO. A coup d'etat in Algeria
has toppled the government ofPresi·
dent Ahmed Ben Bella. The new
man in charge is Houari Boumedi·
enne, formerly Vice President of the
Council and Minister of Defense. In
the war against France, be was com·
mander of the army of national liberation. News of the coup was
broadcast to a startled country on
Algien Radio this morning. The
report said Ben Bella "had become
a traitor and would be punished in
a manner befitting a despot." He
was arrested at his home under or·
ders from the Revolutionary Council signed by Boumedienne.
The coup d'etat comes just nine
days before the opening of the Third
World Conference, which will be
hosted by Algeria. Some SO Kings
and Presidents are expected to at·
tend. The meeting will provide a
test of Boumedienne's leadenhip.
Egypt might be reluctant to support
the new President because Ben Bel·
Ia is a penonal friend of Gamal
Abdel Nasser(- 7/29).
patestc:ouDtry...
So"un
prole51e1
9, Arkar
t missiles
6. France witbdrs.,.. delepte
from E£C (- !/11/67).
8. South VicuwD, MsxweD
Taylor raips U.S. ambassador·
ohlp(-
14~
14. Felloe Bim<mdi wiDs Tour
deF1111100.
14. Nortb VicuwD, U.S. jell bil
China
_40 . . . <24~
15. Mariaer 4 ...... flnl
cJooe.ap pholos of Man bock
.. u.s.<- 8119).
18. U.S.S.R.' Sovicoslauncb
nxket illlo IOiar orlrit (- 8/29).
19. Fruce cbarsiS U.S. plane
pbotopaphcd atomic site.
• bodiesrt
9.SiopJ
July 30. President Johnson flew
to the Harry S. Truman library in
Independence, Mo., today to sign
the medicare Social Security bill in
a moving tribute to former Presi·
dent Truman, the tint president to
propose a federal program of health
insurance under Social Security.
"The people love and voted for
Harry Truman," LBJ said, "not because he gave them hell but because
be gave them hope." The 81-year·
old Truman was visibly
The bill expands the
Social Security insurance
to provide hospital care,
home care, home nursins:
and out-patient diagnostic
to aU Americans over 65
It coven 17 million penons
for Social Security and two
others, who do not qualify
present old·age. survivon
ability insurance program(-
populati
fouoded
inclcp<!>
IO.New
Philban
II. L.A.
llUtin~
II. U.S.'
CanadiJ
13.NoM
plancsd
14.N.Y
launche
t5.N.Y
20. LBJ appoints Arthur Oold·
bcrsiO~AdlaiSl<VenJOII
JtShea:
u U.S. delepte 10 U.N.
16.1ndi:
line.'tril
outpostl
Zl. Athens' PoUce bailie 10.000
studcota utiDB return of Premia' Papudreou. ousted ......
aao for llllll<b oa army (- Bin
Z4. Nortb VicuwD' 16 U.S.
plaoeo bil bomb plant
28~
:15. Newpon, Bob Dylao booed
offl1apll folk festival for usiq
<-
electric iostrumcnta.
:15. M...,.;, U.S. rabbis speak io
Soviet pulpit(- 2/19nl).
28. LBJ appoints Abe Fortu to
replace Arthur Ooldbcrs oa
Sup...... Coun.
:Ill. London' Edward Heatb
named head of Conservatives.
Z9. London' Beatles' """"d 111m
"Hdp," produced by Ricluml
Lester, opens io U.K.(- 8/1!).
Z9. Alaien< fl'lllce, Algeria lip
pact
ror jo:iol es.ploitarion or
Sabanl......,..
<- 2/24nu.
DEAD!
19. S)'IIFIWI Rllee, lint
pres.
ofSoutb Korea ('4126/187!).
30. Junicbiro Tlllizaki, Japanese
writer (•7n4/IBB6).
July l8. In a nationally televised
news conference, President Lyndon
B. Johnson today announced he was
sending 50,000 more men to South
Vietnam ·•almost immediately," in·
creasing American troop strength
from the present 75,000 to 125,000.
Monthly draft calls will be raised
from the current 17,000 to 35,000.
Johnson also called on lhe United
Nations to work harder
peace efforts, and said the
willing to discuss North
peace proposals. The
the United States was ·
17.Britl
Allanti'
II. Soul
!JXX>V1
,_, 28).
ZO.Ath1
new gO\
27.LBJ
tilmfor
l8.Sou1
Adlai Stevenson, Ambassador to U.N.,
unit ro~
,,..·cr50
l9.Gcn
July 14. United States Ambas·
sador lo the United Nations Adlai
Stevenson suffered a heart attack
and died today on a London street.
He was often characterized as a man
who arrived on the political scene at
the wrong time. A Democrat, he
ran twice for president against Eis·
enhower and was soundly defeated.
Later, he 1ostthe Democratic nomination to John F. Kennedy, who
appointed him to the U.N. p<?St. "A
wise man," he once said, ..does not
try to hurry history" (- -20).
~tlanli·
Gordm
cight-d:
30.Sc'
'tcpsdt
li.Sai(
militar:
market
DEAl
B. Shirl
•rilcr.
(•12/1
�1965
~f.i'5UtiMDITu We Th Fr Sa
3
10
17
24
31
4 s 6 7
II 12 13 14
18 19 20 21
2S 26 27 28
Race riots rate in Watts for five days
Augl5. The racial tension which
has plagued the nation for years
exploded in a bloodbath of rioting.
looting and arson in the Negro sec·
lion of Watts in Los Angeles this
month. Authorities. with assistance
from some 20,000 National Guards·
men, have finally restored order,
but not until live days·of violence
left about 30 dead, hundreds in·
jured, over 2,200 arrested and mil·
lions of dollars of propeny dam·
aged. The streets of the L.A. ghello
now resemble a ravaged war zone.
The arrest of a Negro on drunken
driving charges and subsequent
alleged police brutality triggered
the riots. But temperatures had
been climbing to the boiling point
for some time, as disgruntled and
impoverished Negroes and police
had clashed in several minor skir·
mishes. Cornell Henderson, a Ne·
gro worker for the Congress of
Racial Equality, described those in·
volved. ~"There were a lot of young
hoods and agitators. But there were
a lot of otheno who were just discontented and took advantage of the
situation for emotional release," he
said. Hendenon also pointed to
Chaos reigns in Watts. the scorching summer sun obscured by heavy smoke.
instigation from Black Muslims,
who have preached hate and disorder, as a cause of the violence.
While fires raged and snipeno rattled the streets, police and riot-control squads were debilitated in their
efTons to establish peace. The riot
spread quickly, forcing California
Governor Edmund Brown to call in
federal troops and issue an 8 p.m.to-sunrise curfew in a 35-mile area
around the center of the storm.
Le Corbusler,lnnovatlve architect, Is dead
Aug l7. Le Corbusier, the architect whose influence was rivaled
only by Frank Lloyd Wright and
Mies van der Robe in modem times,
died of a heart attack while swimming at the Riviera. He was 77.
Born Charles-Edward Jeannen-
Gris in Switzerland, he moved to
Paris in 1917. Le Corbusier adopted his pseudonym, the family name
of his maternal grandmother, to
keep his careens as architect and
painter separate. His first major
fame came in the 1920's, when his
plan for the League of Nations
building in Geneva was selected
twice by architectural juries but was
turned down both times on techni·
calities by League officials.
His total output was less than 100
buildings. but they had a major
impact both on architecture and
city planning. His design for a
Ministry of Education building in
Rio de Janeiro, using breeze-admitting window panes, was widely
copied. and many adopted ideas
from his design for the new capital
of the Punjab. His only building in
the U.S.. the Visual Ans Center at
Harvard. was completed in 1963.
Le Corbusier became increasingly
aloof after World War II, but his
influence on modem architecture
continued to grow until his death.
President Johnson lashed out at
the violence and its causes... It is not
enough to simply decry disorder.
We must also strike at the unjust
conditions from which disorder
largely nows,.. he said. The chief
executive has advoeated and legislated for ghello restoration. Now,
with the smoke stiU smoldering, Los
Angeles and the nation are even
more alarmed by urban deterioration and racial strife
9/2).
c-
Yotlnt rithts bill
Is sltned Into law
Aug 6. President Johnson has
signed the Voting Rights Act of
1965, saying, "Today we strike
away the last major shackle of those
fierce and ancient bonds." The
legislation, rigorously debated before congressional passage, prohibits states from using poll taxes, liter·
acy tests or other impediments
which deny minorities their right to
vote. It also grants Congress the
power to send federal examiners to
those areas where voting discrimi·
nation is believed to exist. Tomor·
row, in an effort to enforce the new
statute, the Justice Depanment will
specify which regions have discrim·
inated against voters.
It is expected that Southern politi·
cians will challenge the law on con·
stitutional grounds that it unlawful·
ly limits states' rights. Jt is also
believed the large innux of Negro
voters will alter the complexion of
traditionally conservative Southern I>
politics(- 11).
937
..
''
�1965
Americans seeing things: UFOs In 4 states
Aual. Authorities in Texas, New
Mexico, Oklahoma and Kansas
were besieged last night and early
today by reports of unidentified fly.
ing objects. The Oklahoma High·
way Patrol said officers in three cars
bad seen the objects fly in a dia·
mond-shaped fonnation for 30 min·
utt:s and that Tinker Air Force Base
bad tracked four unidentified objects on radar at 22,000 feet.
In Kansas, the Sedgewick County Sherift's ~ffice said the Weather
Bureau bad tracked objects at alii·
tudes of 6,000.9,000 feet. One observer said the objects "were red and
exploded in a shower of sparks."
The Air Force dismissed the imponance of the sightings, saying
they were ..astronomical in nature."
Viewers probably saw the planet
Jupiter or the stars Rigel, Capella,
Betelgeuse or Aldebaran, which
were in the part ofthe sky where the
sightings were reported, the Air
Force said.
Egypt and Saudis agree to end Jemen war
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
'
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
938
3 4
10 II
17 18
24 2'
Ancient Moslem vi/lag• in Yemen.
town of Hibbing, Minnesota,
changed his name from Zimmerman and wandered into Greenwich
Village in 1961 with just a guitar
and the clothes on his back. He
quickly astounded the folk world
with such rallying cries against
injustice as "Biowin' in the Wind"
and "The Times They Are A-ChanDylan's recent material has revealed a more introspective outlook, a flowing use of poetic imagery and the startling use of electric
rock instruments. An outcry from
folk purists, who see Dylan turning
his back on the protest movement,
reached a peak last month when he
was widely booed during a performance with a rock band at the Newpen Folk Festival. But the success
of new songs like "Mr. Tambourine
Man" and "Like a Rolling Stone,"
and his continued deep influence on
other perfonners, shows that a huge
audience will follow Dylan wherever his inspiration leads.
~·r~o of ''rever,
~.'hC'\ed that SUI
..,.\.,utd reconcile
,~m nnd egoism
highest developt
Jual's resources.
In 1906,the 31
phtlow~hy, the
Ji,tingu•shed or1
thority, annount
o.:.:ome a doctor
10 Equatorial A
tater. he establis
Lambarene, Gat
li!Jns. he receive
6. llldiaa troops lnvodel.ohore;
Pakislani panlrOopeft nid
7).
10/16).
16. Cuablan<:a: 12 Arab
nadooso!gnlltllidaritypocs
<~ 11/l0/66).
17. Sai&on= u.s. ron:a told to
cwbcivilian killlnp (~ 20~
!.!..,~.,;,.~<~sit;'...
21. England: Ted Eribon swims
English CbanneJ both WA)'L
l2. N.Y.: India. Pakistan qree
toceae-ftreatU.N.(~ 28~
24.~SoprRoy
Rolialoo..,.. dodsloa cmr
Ieney Joe Walcott(~ ll/10~
24. LBJ ..,. .... pocs wiD
r-=-3=~sbarelnC81111
l6. Dominican Rtpublic: Violence marts retum oredled
Pra.lasn llorch <~ 4128/66).
l6. London: QuceD decorates
11eat1es with the On!er or the
Britilh Empire(~ 8/%3/66).
27.lipiD launches 150.000-ton
lanker. world'alarpst.
!.~...:~==
Sept4. "Hum
or. Alben Scbw
s.acrificing
, rurpose." Unti
J<"' h today at
Oan:iaOodoy ..................
provisional preoideat (~ 26).
F-(~
--
Albert Sci
{1(\d
-In
-ofNATO-In
gin'."
Dylan and Joan Baez. an early fan
who has rtCOrded many of his songs.
2
9
16
23
30
7. U.S.IIUIJ>OIIds miliWy aid to
India and hldstou <~ u~
9. LBJ olgnl biD cr<lling Dept.
orllotdlnallld u~~~~m Developmad (HUD)(~ 91%3/66).
10. -York: NniOaihiODds
l5-<laJ atrib at N.Y. Tbna.
IL l'lris: Do Gaulle demands
Times they are a·changln' for Bob Dylan
Ana r7. He emerged from the
New York folk music scene to pen
a series of protest anthems that
stirred the co'nscience of millions,
but Bob Dylan now appears to be
striking out for new musical terri·
tory. The enigmatic 24-year-old,
who hails from the small mining
I
8
"
22
29
I. Kasbmir: IDtlians baltle PUisair and ... around<~ 6).
2. Missislippi: Nllehez civil
rigbll marCh csllcd olr u
troops..,.. In<~ lll/l2).
3. DomiDlc:an Republic: Hector
PatQab(~
Aua %4. A new agreement to end
the bitter Yemeni civil war was
signed today, after two days of negotiations between President
Gamal Abdel Nasser of the United
Arab Republic and King Faiaal of
Saudi Arabia. The two Arab na·
tions have fought on opposite sides
in the conflict since 1962. The
accord stipulates that an immediate
cease-fire must take effect. It also
provides for the institution of a new
caretaker government in Yemen,
the withdrawal of Egyptian troops
and the cessation of Saudi aid to
Yerneni royalists(- S/1/66).
7
14
21
28
Koufax sets
with four no-n1111111
Sept 9. Sandy Koufax of
Angeles Dodgers has pitched
feet game, in which no rival
er reaches first base. En route
1..0 victory over the
he also became the first
history ever to pitch four
With his founh no-hit
four years, Koufax
record for multiple
by Cy Young, Bob Feller and
Corcoran. There was only
given up in the entire game,
Bob Hendley in a brilliant
leftbanders. While retiring
in order, Koufax struck out
raised his total to a lealtUO··I~IIilql\'
332.
The 29-year-old Dodger,
career almost ended three years ap
because of a circulatory ailment,
pitched the eighth perfect game in
history and the first since Jim a.... '
ning of Philadelphia did it last year.
The only other such game pitched
in the National League wu by
Harvey Haddix, then with Pin. .
burgh (- 11/18/66).
Sept %8. The
between India
Hindus 1
erupted again in
"·as also repon~
1ween
an province of
which suppons I
pute, has masse<
dC"r with Kashm
the protectorate
<hanged fire wit'
neighboring Til>
Y1klng mt
World to i
Scholars at '
plotting to disn
revelries. Sinc~ 1
ha't'e been sc:ruu
Ericson's llth-<1
new land he cal
nally validated,
in New Haven,
day reserved to
Ericson's tra'
orally for 200
wrinm down in
30. U.S. aovt. pws LDckhccd
Sl billion defense contract.
on the 1440
DEA111S
10. father Divine, black cult
leader, foundcrofl'<oce MiDiou
Vikings to be
Ericson's visit
coveries of a N
Scotia; an arch:
Newpon. Rho
with runic char
and a l,OOQ.ye
Newfoundland
(•1877).
Z6. Clara Bow, u.s. ll<tresl,
"The ltOirl" (•11%911905).
A.merican conti
�1965
Schweitzer, hHier-muslclan, dies
Su Mo Tu We 1b Fr sa'
1 2
3456789
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
L ladoo<sia UIICOVenCommualstplotopinsiSubmo(~ 18)..
S. New Yort: LBI AJidoon an:
opeatoollCUblmuila(~ II).
:;~~;~~
6, Luuml>ourJ: Pllridallanil,
ftniU.S.Nepo-.
Schweitzer. Ren11is.sance man.
Priu in 1952. His life illustrates
that moral splendor can be chosen
and absolute love can be lived.
lllkesofllc:e.
7.Adm:Polic:e-teorgAIO
routatudealo, riotiDa opinsl
llrililb ru1c c~ 713/67).
8. Wahingtoa: LBI claiD&wdl
oft<r pl1 bladder opentloD.
8. Loadoo: Talb oo Rhodelillli
iDclcpellda>oe WI(~
At the United Nations today,
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Zulli·
kar Ali Bhutto called for the with·
drawal of Indian and Pakistani
forces from Kashmir and a plebi·
scite. Secretary General U Than!
bas sent observers to Kashmir in a
so far fruitless effort to keep the
peace. Under a 1949 agreement,
Pakistan and India divided Kasb·
mir, with India receiving the larger
and ~ealtbierportion (- 2/15/66).
108,000 troops In
VIetnam; 650 killed
f·i~J~!Icholars at Yale University are
Sept 8. The U.S. military head·
quarters in Saigon today released
ilisrupt Columbus Day
last week's casualty figures. Twen,~!!l'.'!.!"""'"· Since 1957, historians
ty-six Americans were killed, 44
_, ..,~, .. -·- scrutinizing a map of Leif
wounded and three missing or caplith-century voyage to a
tured, raising tbe number of Ameri·
he called "Vinland." Fi·
cans killed in action in Vietnam
it will go on display
Haven, Conn., on the very
since 1961 to about 650.
The number of U.S. servicemen,
to honor Columbus.
· just past the I00,000 mark. will
soon reach PresidentJohnson'sgoal
of 125,000. Few observers believe
that troop increases will atop there,
especially if the Viet Cons put on
new pressure. The figure docs not
include the Seventh Fleet, technically not stationed in South Viet·
nam. South Vietnamese casualties
last week were 180 men killed to the
Viet Cons's 420, a "kill ratio" in the
government's favor but lower than
usual (- 17).
II~
~~=--oro~ep
II. N.Y.: U.N. danaDdlllrilllD
aut>
...... Z?J.
-eaed Rllocleoiln
by lan Smith<~
IL Florida: Thinl boalciCabsn
n:fu~urriw:o(~ 1211~
U.U.I.:S....JU'It"''lll''( ..
Pckm, lalddckptoiOIIIIIIItalb(~ 3/14/66).
: . ·:
H.-.Dodi<nbal .·.
=-~~:Ill
,,
16.NewYort: IO.OOO.....i.ID
lllli-VIdoam...-<~ 18).
16. l'elllqoa AJI u.s. b .
cllopplqpllm for NA'IO .
llliO!iori!Oot(~ 3/18166).
22. Alaboml: AD·-Jutr
Draft card bumed;
FBI arrests owner
Oct 18. A quiet college student
was arrested by tbe FBI in Ver·
mont today and charged with burning his draft card at an anti-Vietnam
rally in New York last Friday.
David Miller, a member ofa pacifist
group called Catholic Worker, is
the first person to be arrested under
a new federal law signed by President Johnson. If convicted, be
could be sentenced to five years in
jail and fmed S10,000. "I think the
draft is wrong," Miller said. "I am
opposed especially to this war."
Thousands of demonstrators
marched against the Vietnam War
on Saturday in New York and
around the country (- 28).
Sukamo puts down
Communist revolt
Oct 18. The Communist Party of
Indonesia was placed under a government ban today, as civil unrest
continues to plague the Southeast
Asian nation. The violence began
on October I, when an attempt to
overthrow the government of President Sukarno was foiled by General
Abdul Nasution. Since then, there
have been numerous armed clashes
between Communist guerrilla units
and army loyalists around Jakarta.
Sukamo vowed to create a new
Communist Party, less influenced
by China(- 1/12/66).
acquit~ CaiHo t..eray W1IIWis ID
Vlolo!Juzmmmder(.. 1213)<
28.l'elllqoa lowmllllldlmlb
mllltal7......_.(.. 1112).
28.Vidalm:Sb0~'1byU.S.aunfl!o(~ 30).
D. Alaska: u.s. aplodellll).
tllatoo H-bamll- AJeadoD
- (.. 11125).
30. VidDam: U.S. jell_.,
llielldiJ .W..,.Idlllaa11/15).
41d.u.
.,_.......,(~
SL WllllliDpiD: l!I-AIIDJIDid-
c,:&:.::t!':::r'....,.
D&\11111
IL Dorotla l.oQp, Amorlca
~=·~
U.RudollJ:orrell,..... ("5/1611914).
Oct 4. Cbe Gaeflra, dodor and
muter perrllla, baa left Cabo,
aceordlq to Cutro, "to flgbt lm·
perlalllm abroad"-.mor baa
It In BoUna 1- 9/21/67).
'-----------' t>
�--
1965
Paul VI brlnts his
peace call to U.N.
Catholic positions
Issued, one on Jews
Oct 4. Pope Paul VI, the fm11
pontiff to visit the Western hemisphere since the Church was found·
ed, arrived in New York today and
made an urgent appeal for peace.
Millions of people watched on tel..
vision around the world as the pope
told the United Nations General
Assembly, "The real threat to peace
does not come from progress or
science but from man himself.,.
Earlier in the day, Paul held an
historic meeting with President
Johnson in a suite at the Waldorf
Astoria Hotel. The president called
Oct l8. In St. Peter's Basilica
today, Pope Paul VI formally approved five documents drawn up by
the Ecumenical Council OYer the
past five years. One decree extends
the friendship of the Church to the
other major religions and speciflcal·
ly criticizes anti-Semitism. II disas·
sociates Jews from guilt for the crucifiXion of Jesus and demands that
Catholics noll real Jews as "rejected
by God or accursed." In New York,
the head of the American Jewish
Commillee called the decree "an act
of justice long overdue." Some 250
prelates voted against language in
the document, but the Vatican look
pains to point out that they were
primarily concerned thai conversion efforts might be hurt by the
ecumenical language(- 1217).
their conversation ustimulating and
inspiring." The pope ended the day
with an ecumenical sermon delivered during mass at Yankee Sta·
a
dium. The ball park was packed
with 90,000 spectators(- 28).
lan Smith to fltht for freedom from Britain
Whi,. supremacist/an Smith.
Oct 27. Police dogs were loosed
upon black demonstrators in the
Rhodesian capital of Salisbury,_ as
they protested the allem pi of Prime
Minister Ian Smith to consolidate
his while supremacist government.
Negotiations between British
Prime Minister Harold Wilson and
Smith concerning Rhodesian inde·
pendence broke down on October 8,
when Wilson insisted upon black
majority rule in Rhodesia. Smith
would not agree to that, and he was
quoted as saying that a unilateral
declaration of independence from
Britain was an imminent possibility<- 11/11).
Foundation donates Moroccan dissident
$15m to orchestras kidnapped In Paris
Oct 21. The Ford Foundation has
announced grants and endowment
funds totaling $85 million to about
50 symphony orchestras throughout the United States. The sum is
the largest any foundation haa ever
allocated at one time to one of the
arts. The objectives are to· strengthen orchestraa by lengthening their
seasons, to improve the low fmancial state of musicians, to increase
quality and to allracl more talented
young people to professional careers
in music.
Oct 30. Kidnapped or arrested?
That is the question being asked in
Paris this morning about El-Mehdi
Ben Barka, a well-known leftist
opponent of Morocco's King Hassan. He disappeared at noon yesterday in the middle of chic St. Germain des Pres. AI first it was called
a kidnapping. Then another story
emerged from a police infonnant
who may have been freelancing for
Hassan's agents. h is beginning to
appear that Ben Barka was nabbed
by French police(- 1/20/66).
Su~o1Tu2""
Th 5
Fr 6
Sa
34
7
14
21
28
8
15
22
29
9 10 11 12 13
16 17 18 19 20
23 24 25 26 27
30
:&.1o1m 1JD<Isa1 decled DllJCWIII
NewYortat,.
:&. WISIIiDIIm: Quabr Norman
~Iiams IDdealblll'eatopiDIIDtl-nrprotat(~ 9).
t.NewYorlt: . _ LaPorto,
l2,immolllaldmoell'll U.N. to
protat VleiDam Wor(~ 27).
U.Manllo:PerdiDaudMaraa
claims Yi:lary Ia PbilippiDa
paida>lial doclloa <~ 11130).
13.11o1Jamas: uD.r y llriiiCIUib
c.deliab;91loot,459u."N.Y.:Aftlooau!U.N.at
Anti-war p1
\
""' JO. What hal
in 1963 .i
1 ~ 10 am
~rf'l"" in the Un11
:he ultimate prot~t
. :••" •• 1 war. L1ke
rrwn.._, ~lf Saigon. o
\'tC'Inam War are
.tiH"" to death in pL
h , 1antd at the li
m~lltth •·hen a 32-yt
1hc fathcrofthreed
..elf lm fire in front
rntram:c. Norman P.
umore was holdin
J;Jughter when his
ftrc. He dropped he
by a passer·
'"""rd
...,_ oplaatllhodesla(~ 16).
13. u.s. odmill ....... l!l64
llaaal-lalta&Cr(~ 24~
u. u.s. Supn:moCoan-
law nquirins Cammllllllllto
tqjolerwlthpt.(~t9).
16. Rhodesia: 4,000blacl: postal
_.... n:ftae oalhalllloylhy
tolaDSmilhpt.(~
ll/16).
U. Pape Paul VI laldales bellifi.
-IIIJoha xxm, Pius XII.
., u.s. Communlst Pony fined
Sl30,000 rar l'ailiDa to ,..;mr u
_.oru.s.s.Il. <~ 8121166).
K. Vle!Dam: u.s. deadlelloae-
-.ncardo(l40(~
ll/IS).
2!. N.Y.: U.S. rojodl35-aadoa
plea II U.N.ID stop under·
pound aiDm -<~ 1/17/66).
26. Solwa: Fnaoe pull iu lint
lllldlilebnoortlil(~ l/3/66~
rl. WaslliJ>&Ion: ~OOOmarcb
IDpaceclanonslntion(~
30).
:z;Y~l:'r:tJ.Navy
21. Moooow: Soviets ssy Pekina
il thrat to international
oommllllism (-
29~
2!1. Peking: Chou accuJeS Sovicu
or underminins world revolutioaalyruugle(~
IOn/66).
DEAlliS
6.EdprVmac, French-Ameri·
CSDoampooer, pioDeer doc·
tnmlc mUiio (0 1l/2l/1883).
!r'i!.,~=~!1tl:i
16.11any lllacbloDe, papular
AmaicoD mqiciaD.
IS. !leary A. Wall-.llberal
poUtlciaD, v.p. under FDR
( 0 10/7/1888).
So• 9. Nine Nort
,nd parts of Canada
.. uddcn darkness ton
\\Of'\1 power raiJure:
Juty police officers
Guardsmen were on
n1politan streets to \
Jnd protect stores f
""'' of the 24 m
•eathered the dark g•
At5:17p.m.,aswi
ncar Niagara Falls
f:ul~d. Cities ln nonh
.. late blacked out. l
.,11, 3 ~ hit next; Conn,,
hland. Vermont.
Hampshire and two C,
•n~e\ followed. Pan!,
�1965
Arfons leads In speed rivalry at 576 mph
Morrison's wife said later he was
very upset "over the great Joss oflife
and human suffering" in the war.
A week later, on the 9th, a former
seminarian set himself on fire outside the United Nations. Roger
Allen LaPorte, a member of the
Catholic Worker movement, said it
was a protest against .. war,all war."
These extreme protests occurred
as moderate Americans appeared to
be joining the anti-war movement.
At a large rally in Washington on
the 27th; there were just as many
mothers, fathers and professionals
as there were students protesting
the Vietnam War(- 12/3).
Bl'fflllove~
"Spirit of America" breezes Ollt!Tihe Bonneville Flats a/ j j j mph.
No• 7. Art Arfons regained the
world speed record with a wild ride
in which his car went out of con-
sey and Pennsylvania were hit too.
trol and careened across the Bonne·
Traffic signals gave out; intersections jammed. Skyscraper elevators
halted between floors. As of midnight, untold numbers were still
trapped in them. Operating rooms
went dark, relighted by generators
owned by the hospitals or loaned
ville Salt Flats before rolling to a
from civil defense offices. Airplanes
circled darkened landing strips.
Some romantic couples, finding
themselves in a warm, cozy place,
took advantage of the situation. A
baby boom may be due nine months
from now. And a third grader from
Cos Cob, Conn., wrote of the blackout, "It was dark I We had popcorn
at the fireplace! It was fun!"
stop with a blown-out t're.
His jet racer was going 576 miles
an hour when Arfons lost control,
but he walked away without injury.
He was almost overcome in the
cockpit but pried open the canopy
and released the smoke.
With an average speed of576.553
mph, he regained the record from
Craig Breedlove, who four days ear-
lier had sped across the flats at
555.127.
Arfons. who escaped serious injury twice last year in accidents, was
unable to handle his car as it
swerved from one side of the speed-
way to the other and broke metal
markings along the south end of tbe
course. The air speed indicator
showed approximately 600 mph
when the trouble began. By the time
the car stopped, the right rear tire
was blown to shreds and the front
right tire frayed. The right rear
wheel weD was blown apart. Also,
one of the parachute compartments
used for stopping the jet racer was
blown away and there was damage
to the undercarriage. Breedlove also
survived one crash last ypar and
nearly had another this year.
urve never had to work so hard
for a record in my life." Arfons said.
Breedlove, who surpassed the mark
that had been set by Arfons at
536.71 last year, has broken the
record four times(- 11/17/66).
�Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
S 6
12 13
19 20
26 27
1 !11
'fl"
,..
,I,
I 2 3
7 8 9 10
14 IS 16 17
21 22 23 24
28 29 30 31
Two American craft rende1vous In space
4
II
18
2S
I. Miami: 75 Cuban elliksarrive
oallntairexodus(- l/6166).
3.Wisoonsin:NatLCounc:ilrA
Qurcbes ub U.S. to ball
bombinpinN.Vicloam(-
21~
6.Jamesl.ovell,oo0emilli7,il
lint to Oy in ...... iD undmrear.
without pnli<Ciivo
U).
sear<-
7.Rome:MutualCICOIIIJDUDicotion or Roman Catholk ouc1 Ortllodo> Qurcbes ileudal u
VaticaD II clooa(- 3118/66).
9. Moocow: Nikolai fod&omy
""""""'AlwtasMikoyuu
SoYietcbidofllale(- 3/29/66).
10. New York:SoaarRayllabla-~~45,mira&ambaliJia,
1L Tehran: Shah dali<a lnD de-
pends em u.s.<- l/19/6~
15. North Vicloam: U.S.dnJpo
lltolllofboml>soa industrial
ceatermorHaip.....,(- 29).
16. N.Y.: 24 ACriamdelepliolll
wolk oat<Mt Rhodesia Issue as
Brililll Pranierllarold Wiboo
_... .. u.N.(-
~~
17.BriWDim-oilembarp>
'"'Rhodesia(- 28).
20, o.orpa: 209lbl. heroiD
oeiud iolaraat U.S. bull yet.
n. N.Y.: 4 pacifisb iodicted for
burolosclraftcanls(- 1/6166~
Z8. u.s. ban oil lilts to
Rhodesia<- 4/16166).
31. Califomia beoomalaraat
state in population this year.
CliL1lJIIAL J!VEN'IS, 1965
l..ilenlaJe:NormaoMailcr'a
"AoAmericanDmlm";Heue'a
"Steppenwoll"; Jolm Berrymao's "77 Dram Scmp." Putit·
zer poetry; Heory Miller's
"The Rosy CruciiWon."
Gemini 7 in orbit above the earth, captured on film by Gemini 6.
Dec 15. American astronauts today steered two Gemini spacecraft
to a rendezvous in orbit. The two
capsules flew side by side only six
to ten feet apart for two orbits as
high as 19' miles above the earth.
The rendezvous was made by astronauts Walter P. Schirra Jr. and
Thomas P. Stafford aboard Gemini
6 and Frank Borman and James A.
Lovell Jr. aboard Gemini 7.
Their success is a major step
toward a manned moon flight,
scheduled for 1969, which will re-
quire a rendezvous in space.
Gemini 7 was launched from
Cape Canaveral II days ago. Gemini 6 went aloft at 8:37a.m. today,
as its sister ship passed overhead.
At the end of its first orbit, Gemini
6firedan 18-secondburstofitsrockets to lift it toward Gemini 7's high-
er orbit. Schirra, Gemini 6's pilot,
repeated the maneuver several times
over the next two orbits. The meet·
ing came on the fourth orbit, when
the spacecraft met over the Pacific.
After four hours in formation, Gem·
ini 6 was maneuvered to a lower
orbit; it will return to earth tomor·
row. Gemini 7 is to remain in orbit
for three more days(- 2/3/66).
De Gaulle Is re-elected, only after runoH
Dec 19. Charles de Gaulle bas
done it again, but it was not so easy
this time. The General was re-elected to a seven-year term as President
of France, but be needed two rounds
Acldemll:- Marc""''
"Culture and Society"; Arthur
Schlesinser,Jr.'s"A ThouWid Dayo." Putitzerbiocnpby;
Nader'• "UDIIfe ataoy Speod."
at the polls. After the first try, the
polls showed a drop in de Gaulle's
popularity, but he gathered momen·
tum for the second go-round, as he
defeated an old nemesis, Francois
Mitterrand, '5% to 45%. Millerrand headed a coalition which
called itself the Federation of the
Democratic and Socialist Left.
De Gaulle is now the first president of France to be elected by
Male: Bemsteio'a ''CIIicbester
Pulms": "Kina of the Rood":
Beatt..• "A Hard Day't Nipt"
universal suffrage since Louis Napoleon Bonaparte won the office in
Tbo Alii: Picuoo's "Self·Por·
trait": Michaelangelo's "Pieta"
ellhibited io New York.
1'11111: Olivier's "Otbello"; Darid
l.cao's "Dr. Zhivaao": The
Beatles'"Helpl"; '7beSeuodof
Music," Academy Award.
ed by an electoral college. This
election was a bitter one, and the
minority National Party threw its
1848. In 1958, de Gaulle was select·
support to Mitterrand at the last
minute. Mitterrand refused to congratulate de Gaulle when it was
De Gaulle. founder of Sth Republic.
over. Another opponent said de
Gaulle's victory was temporary.
�1965
Maugham, who was
skilled writer, ~ies
Marcos Inaugurated Philippine Presl~ent
Dec 30. With the kind of panache
the Filipinos love-strutting horses,
blaring bands and the honorific
passes of jet fighters-Ferdinand E.
Marcos, a lawyer who bolted the
Liberal Pany and won election on
a National Party ticket, was sworn
in today as the Philippine republic's
sixth President before an ecstatic
crown of 80,000 in Manila's Luneta
Park borderins the bay. Men in the
crowd were dressed in their best
sheer white barong tagalags -the
country's formal outer shin -while
the women sponed brilliantly col·
Dee 16. ''I would sooner rC"ad a
timetable or a catalog than n0th1n1
at all They are much mon: entn·
taining than half the noveh thatarr
written." The always critic:al s.om.
erset Maugham said this in JQJ~.
long after his own literary rerut.a·
tion was secure. Maugham died ci
a stroke today on the French Rm·
era. He was 91 years old.
Maugham wrote drawing m:wr.
stage comedies while in hi~ 20·~ lc
his 40's be wrote lhe OO\eb ··()(
Human Bondage" ( 1915) and "Tlx
Moon and Sixpence" ( 19191. all•d·
ing people who would attack an 4
bit of a misogynist, an a8nn~1~~: 1(1
his dyins day, Maugham all"•'"
pessimism to permeate his wor~.
ored silk and cotron frocks.
Marcos also Wore a barong taga·
lag, and when the cheering stopped
he led the salute to the flag while the
national anthem was played. Waiting in the srandstand was the president's wife, Imelda, resplendent in
a cream-colored silk dress with butterfly-sleeves. Seated behind her
was President Johnson's per.10nal
envoy, Vice President Humphrey,
taking time out from his Asian tour.
No stranger to such events, Hum·
phrey was seen to sweat profusely in the tropical heat(- 9/14/66).
that "United States leadei'TI want
war, not peace." Ho reiterated his
hard-line stand that peace will come
to Vietnam only if American fon:es
are withdrawn. The State Depart·
ment has not dismissed Ho's message because it was sent at the same
time that a new diplomatic offensive
to end the war was beginning.
United Nations RepresentativeAr·
thur Goldberg met with the pope at
the Vatican, Ambassador·at·Large
Averell Harriman had meetinss in
Warsaw and Vice President Huben
Humphrey met with officials in
Tokyo and Manila(- 1/2/66).
3 Klansmen guilty
of killing woman
Dee 3. Three membe"' of rhr l(o
as he
KluA Klan were convicted in~~~,.,,.
ocois
gomery, Alabama, by an all·•hiU
federal jury today for rhc ~"""'
murder of civil right' worlcr , ....
Greu Liuuo. The jury wa• d~
locked for a day and a hall t><f·'"
Judge Frank Jonhnson «nl '"""
back to the jury room \lo'llh fif!!'
orden to retum "·ith a ,·rrdr~·r flw
llfC'f·
hich
t" lhe
l'f~·
I b)'
s •.
·e in
lccl·
fhi•
I he
its
Ia."'I
·on-
was
de
Klansmen received ten-vear t.Jtl '-("~'!
tenc~. Yesterday. an~thrr •h,rt
vigilante, Roben Stran~e. ".1\ \t'fl·
tented to ten yean for kilhn)o: Wtlht
Brrwster. a Negro. Pr~idrnr J,-.hr·
son, on hearing or lhC' (."l'n\1~' 1 ""'"
!O&id, ''The whole naricm '"·an ''''
heart that therr arr rho'<" m 1 ~
South who believe lnjU\Itfo."C' rn r.a.-l.ll
matters"(- 2/21/bl>).
Marcos and wife Imelda. an avid socialite, are toast.d in Tokyo.
UNICEF Is awaNecl
Nobel Peace Prize
Dec 10. Food. Water. Health
care. TheSe are some or the things
the United Nation's Children's
Fund has delivered around the
world since the organization's in·
ception 19 yeai'Ti aso. A UNICEF
representative accepted the Nobel
Peace Prize in Oslo tonipr.
Mikhail Sholokhov received the
award for literature. The Russian
wrote the war novel "And Quiet
Aows the Don." The physics prize
went to Julian Schwinger, Sinitiro
Tomonaga and Richard Feynman
for studies in quantum electrodynamics. American Robert Woodward got the chemistry award for
findings on organic growth. Three
French biologists shared the medi·
cine prize for work on enzymes.
Architect Wilbur Post aad bls
wife Carol found a surpriae walt·
Ina for them wbea they mo•ed
into their new bome-Mr. Eel,
''tbe playboy bone of L.A.. " aad
the &re&test toDYei'SIItlonallst Of
the animal world ••• If we are to
belle.. American telerilloa.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Don Baer
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Communications
Don Baer
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994-1997
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36008" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7431981" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0458-F
Description
An account of the resource
Donald Baer was Assistant to the President and Director of Communications in the White House Communications Office. The records in this collection contain copies of speeches, speech drafts, talking points, letters, notes, memoranda, background material, correspondence, reports, excerpts from manuscripts and books, news articles, presidential schedules, telephone message forms, and telephone call lists.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
537 folders in 34 boxes
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of Communications
Don Baer
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0458-F
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 1
<a href="http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/2006/2006-0458-F.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7431981" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1/12/2015
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
42-t-7431981-20060458F-001-007-2014
7431981