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8/11/1994
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COLLECTION:
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�NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
OCTOBER 1993
PROCLAMATION
DRAFT
The moral strength of our great nation is rooted in rich
cultural traditions and a profound appreciation of the diverse
values and beliefs that together make us Americans. For more than
200 years, the quality of our civic life has flowed not only from
our industrial, agricultural and technological wizardry, but from
our ability to unleash the power of our creative genius in the
arts and to fathom our wisdom and knowledge through the
humanities.
It is through the arts and humanities that we gain a deeper
understanding of who we are, where we come from, and the common
heritage that binds us as a civilization.
Music, painting, sculpture, architecture, dance, theater and
film awaken our senses and allow us to share different emotions,
experiences and attitudes.
History, literature and philosophy foster a spirit of
community through collective discourse, reflection and learning
that lead to mutual awareness and respect.
It is the power rising from the visionary expression and
urgent humanity of Americans from every walk of life that
releases our spirit and endows us with a cultural selfhood.
We are a nation of immense artistic and intellectual might.
Our major authors are avidly read in every language of the world,
our movies are shown in every capital of the world, and the world
cannot get enough of our music. Our traditions of social inquiry
and free-ranging thought shape political attitudes and cultural
mores around the globe.
As we evolve into a more complex multicultural society, the
arts and humanities will help us deepen our understanding of each
other, honor our differences and celebrate our shared experiences
as Americans.
The month of October has been designated National Arts and
Humanities Month and I urge all Americans to join with me in
celebrating the special role the arts and humanities play in
fortifying our unique heritage.
National Arts and Humanities Month is a time when we
the contributions of artists, scholars, museums,
theaters, libraries, schools, foundations, government agencies
and other energetic organizations and individuals who work to
recog~ize
�keep the arts and humanities in our lives. In the month of
October, let us reflect on the breadth of artistic and humanistic
endeavors that blossom freely across our nation. And let us
rejoice in the expression and meaning they give to our ideas,
hopes and dreams as American citizens.
On this occasion, I proclaim my unwavering respect and
pledge my continuing support for the arts and humanities as
essential ingredients to our American way of life. I look forward
to celebrating National Arts and Humanities Month this October at
The White House and with you in your communities throughout the
United States.
###
�C: \LISS
draft 8/18/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
A PROCLAMATION -- 1994
Nothing is more important to presevering our sense of
community and preparing for our future than our artistic and
humanistic traditions. In a world too often strained by hatred
and incivility, the arts and humanities empower us to celebrate
our individual identities while holding fast. to the values that
unite us as a nation.
While we have no official American culture, or even a
consensus on what defines it, we have a powerful tradition of
artistic expression and intellectual inquiry that honors every
American equally. Through art, music, literature, history, and
philosophy, we preserve and pass along, from generation to
generation, our most cherished images, ideas, and beliefs.
For more than two centuries, the arts and humanities have
helped Americans transcend political, religious, racial, and
ethnic divisions by offering a potent vehicle for public
discourse. When we read each other's books, discuss each other's
ideas, and feel each other's emotions through dance, painting,
and song, we experience the richness and texture of each other's
lives. In so doing, we gain a greater appreciation of the breadth
of human thought and experience. And we gain a more profound
sense of our common purpose as Americans.
But if the arts are essential to appreciating and preserving
our culture, they are also essential to our growth and renewal.
For it is. only by deepening our understanding, .. training qur
imaginations, and enlarging our capacities to see and to feel
that we can envision a better future for ourselves, our
communities, and our nation.
In the new and complicated century that awaits us, we will
depend even more on our artists and humanists to help us discover
the roots of our deepest loyalties and gain a vision of our most
inviting possibilities.
The month of October has been designated National Arts and
Humanities Month and I urge all Americans to celebrate the
artistic and intellectual freedoms we enjoy and to reflect on the
profound role they play in refreshing and renewing our great
nation.
###
�draft 8/18/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
A PROCLAMATION -- 1994
I
~
CD---- -J 1e~ k-- ,.J. ; A- &v... ... ~
.
pre..~ f
Nothing is more important to st~en~thenin~ the American
spirit~han our artistic and humanistic t~~~~t~pns. In a world
too often strained by hatred and incivility, the arts and
humanities empower us to celebrate our individual identities
while holding fast to the values that unite us as a nation.
·C--.
While we have no official American culture, fl(or even a
consensus on what defines it, we have a powerful tradition of
intellectual inquiry and artistic expression that honors every
American equally. Through art, music, literature, history, and
philosophy, we preserve and pass along, from generation to
generation, our most cherished images, ideas, and beliefs.
~.
.1· <.?-JY. ~e-R. I~
Throughout our history,
he a;t~ and humanities have helped
Americans transcend politica , religious, racial, and ethnic
divisions by offering a
vehicle for public discourse. When
we read each other's books, discuss each other's ideas, and feel
each other's emotions through dance, painting, and song, we
experience the richness and texture of each other's lives. In so
doing, we gain a greater appreciation of the breadth of human
thought and experience. And we gain a more profound sense of our
common purpose as Americans.
But if the a r E .sential to appreciating and preserving
our culture, they
als essential to our growth and renewal.
For it is only by
pening our understanding, training our
imaginations, and enlarging our capacities to see and to feel
that we can envision a better future for ourselves, our
communities, and our nation.
In the new and complicated century that awaits us, we will
depend even more on our artists and humanists to help us discover
the roots of our deepest loyalties and gain a vision of our most
inviting possibilities.
The month of October has been designated National Arts and
Humanities Month and I urge all Americans to celebrate the
artistic and intellectual freedoms we enjoy and to reflect on the
profound role they play in refreshing and renew~ng our~great~ ~-~
nation.
~
###
-~
�~---------------------------------~~~
ID:
sa
.
Rev~sion,
fiPR 15'02
'7:57
No.002 P .. 02
8/24/94
President William Jefferson Clinton
National Arts and ·Humanities Month
· A Proclamation --1994
In a world too etten beset:. by anxiety and threatened by
hatred and incivllity, the arts arid humanities enable us to
celebrate our individual .identities while reminding us of the
principles and QODUIIitments that unite us as a n·ation. Nothing is
more important to individual fulfillment or to the preservation
of o~r· sense of common purpose than our culttiral heritaqe.
. '
~
.American culture, of course, is too rich and too'diverse for
there .aver .to ·be an official ver.sion of 1\:, but we nevertheless
have a powerful tradition of artistic expression and intellectual
inquiry of· which every American should be proud. Through art,
muaio, l.ite:rature, history, and philosophy, we preserve and pass
alonq from one generation to the next our sense of ourselves as
contained. in our most cherished images, ideas, and beliefs ..
.
.
~
For more than two centuries~ the humanities and the arts
'have helped ~ricans transcend political,· religiousf r.acial, and
ethnic divisions by enqacjinCJ them in the common tas~ of
· interpreti,ng, and expressing the meaninq of the human. experience·.
When wa read each other's. books, listen to each other4's stories,
discuss each other's i,dea.s, and fe~l each other's emotions
.·
throuqh dancei painting and music, we experience the richness and
the texture of~ch other's lives. In so doing, we gain a
c;reater appreciation for the breadth of human thouqb.t and
experience, and we gain a more profound sense of our common
~purpose as Aln.ericans·-...
The a.rts a.nd humanities a.re essential not only to
apprecioting and preserving our culture but to our growth and
rehewa.l as a nation •. It is only by deepening our unclerstan41nq,
train1nq our imaginations, and enlarging our capacities to see
and'to feel that we can envision a better future for ourselves,
our oolDD\un.it.ies4' and our nation.
In the new and complicated century that awaits 'lie, we will
depend"even more on our humanists and artists to help us discover
the roots. or our deepest beliefs and .gain a vislon,of our most
inviting p~s.ibilitieEJ. ·
·
Tha i;llonth ~of October is desiqnated Nationa.1 ~ and
Humanities Month, and r urge all Americans to celebrate the
artistic and intel.lectual froedOllls we enjoy and to reflect .on the
profound role. they play ~in refreshing and renewing our qraat
nation e~,tah·and every day.
�draft 8/18/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
A PROCLAMATION -- 1994
Oav-rfl.--f~tt/lr
0\.J'IL- Aim~ r::-r~~ttP..,-,.1
vr7if-t.-t-1.
-NothJ.l}g is more important to s-1=-re·ng-theft:i-ng-~-ean
Bpi~ our artistic and humanistic traditions. In a world
too often strained by hatred and incivility, the arts and
humanities empower ~s to celebrate our individual identities
while holding fast to the values that unite us as a nation.
While we have no official American culture, ~ even a
consensus on what defines it, we have a powerful tradition of
intellectual inquiry and artistic expression that honors every
American equally. Through art, music, literature, history, and
philosophy, we preserve and pass along, from generation to
generation, our most cherished images, ideas, and beliefs.
cz~
Throughout our history, the arts and humanities have helped
Americans transcend political, religious, racial, and ethnic
divisions by offering a ~e vehicle for public discourse. When
we read each other's books, discuss each other's ideas, and feel
each other's emotions through dance, painting, and song, we
experience the richness and texture of each other's lives. In so
doing, we gain a greater appreciation of the breadth of human
thought and experience. And we gain a more profound sense of our
common purpose as Americans.
tVv/Lc""""V/4tVtr-
But if the arts are essential to appreciating~nd preserving
our culture, they~r~ls9 essential to our growth and renew~!.
For it is only by deepen1ng our understanding, ~ our
imaginations, and enlarging our capacities to see and to feel
that we can_ envision a better future for ourselves, our
communities, and our nation.
In the new and complicated century that awaits us, we will
depend even more on our artists and humanists to help us discover
the roots of our deepest loyalties and gain a vision of our most
inviting possibilities.
The month of October has been designated National Arts and
Humanities Month and. I urge all Americans to celebrate the
artistic and intellectual freedoms we enjoy and to reflect on the
profound role they play in refreshing and renewing our great ~~
nation.
###
�draft 8/18/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
A PROCLAMATION -- 1994
Nothing is more important to strengthening the American
spirit than our artistic and humanistic traditions. In a world
too often strained by hatred and incivility, the arts and
humanities empower us to celebrate our individual identities
while holding fast to the values that unite us as a nation.
While we have no official American culture, nor even a
consensus on what defines it, we have a powerful tradition of
intellectual inquiry and artistic expression that honors every
American equally. Through art, music, literature, history, and
philosophy, we preserve and pass along, from generation to
generation, our most cherished images, ideas, and beliefs.
Throughout our history, the arts and humanities have helped
Americans transcend political, religious, racial, and ethnic
divisions by offering a unique vehicle for public discourse. When
we read each other's books, discuss each other's ideas, and feel
each other's emotions through dance, painting, and song, we
experience the richness and texture of each other's lives. In so
doing, we gain a greater appreciation of the breadth of human
thought and experience. And we gain a more profound sense of our
common purpose as Americans.
·
But if the arts are essential to appreciating and preserving
our culture, they are also essential to our growth and renewal.
For it is only by deepening our understanding, training our
imaginations, and enlarging our capacities to see and to feel
that we can envision a better future for ourselves, our
communities, and our nation.
In the new and complicated century that awaits us, we will
depend even more on our artists and humanists to help us discover
the roots of our deepest loyalties and gain a vision of our most
inviting possibilities.
The month of October has been designated National Arts and
Humanities Month and I urge all Americans to celebrate the
artistic and intellectual freedoms we enjoy and to value their
role in renewing our culture and our nation.
###
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june 5 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981
Executive Order 12308-Presidential Task Force on the Arts
and Humanities
june 5, 1981
Sec. 3. Administration. (a) The heads of
By the authority vested in me as Presi- Executive agencies shall, to the extent perdent by the Constitution of the United mitted by law, provide the Task Force with
States of America, and to establish in ac- such information with respect to arts and
cordance with the provisions of the Federal humanities issues as may be necessary for
Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 the effective performance of its functions.
U.S.C. App. I), an advisory committee on
(b) Members of the Task Force shall rearts and humanities of the United States, it ceive no compensation for their work on
the Task Force. However, while engaged in
is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. (a) There is the work of the Task Force, members may
hereby established the Presidential Task be allowed travel expenses, including per
Force on the Arts and Humanities. The diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by
Task Force shall be composed of no more law for persons serving intermittently in
than 36 members appointed by the Presi- the government service (5 U.S.C. 5701dent. No more than one member shall be a 5707).
(c) The National Endowment for the Hufull-time Federal officer or employee. The
manities
shall, to the extent permitted by
remaining members shall not represent Exlaw and subject to the availability of funds,
ecutive agencies.
provide the Task Force with such adminis(b) The President shall designate three trative services, funds, facilities, staff and
Cochairmen and one Vice Chairman from other support services as may be necessary
among the members of the Task Force.
for the effective performance of its funcSec. 2. Functions. (a) The Task Force shall
tions.
advise the President with respect to:
Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Notwith(1) methods to increase private support standing the provisions of any other Executive order, the responsibilities of the Presifor the arts and humanities;
(2) ways in which Federal decisions re- dent under the Federal Advisorv Commitgarding arts and humanities projects can tee Act, as amended, except that of reportrely more on the judgments of nongovern- ing annually to the Congress, which are apmental professionals, private sector groups, plicable to the advisory committee established by this Order, shall be performed by
and individuals; and
(3) potential improvements in the man- the Chairman of the National Endowment
agement, organization and structure of (i) for the Humanities, in accordance with the
the National Foundation on the Arts and guidelines and procedures established by
of General Services.
the Humanities (including the National En- the(b)Administrator
The Task Force shall terminate on
dowment for the Arts, the National Endow- September 30, 1981, unless sooner:. exment for the Humanities and the Federal
Council on the Arts and the Humanities) tended.
RONALD REAGAN
and (ii) other Federal arts and humanities
programs.
The White House,
(b) The Task Force shall report its find- June 5, 1981.
ings and recommendations to the President,
the Chairman of the National Endowment [Filed with the Office of the Federal Regisfor the Arts, and the Chairman of the Na- ter, 4:56p.m .. june 5. 1981]
tional Endowment for the Humanities.
490
�...
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 I Oct. 14
1969-7.5 he
chairman of
' in London,
r Dillon Read
>J7.5-80. Since
~ director of
.v York.
United States
,d from Yale
larvard Law
married, has
. Greenwich,
·,'1, in Toledo,
1
to
L'd by those
1rd gives us
11 the name
es who are
derprivileged occupants. And David Menotti has a remarkable record-mediated diffi- ed in an extraordinary way to show that
cult conflicts between the EPA, industry, their support is with you and the country as
we make these changes.
and environmental groups.
Time won't permit me to detail all of
So, Mr. President, I'd like to present to
their accomplishments, but let me just say you these 25 truly outstanding civil servthat we're very proud to have all of you ants.
working with us. And for the people of this.
country, I offer you a hearty thank you and Note: The President spoke at 11:40 a.m. at
a well done. And now, I shall turn it over to the ceremony in the Rose Garden at the
you.
White House. Donald j Devine, Director of
Mr. Devine. Thank you. Mr. President, the Office of Personnel Management, read
I'm proud as your chief bureaucrat, the di- the names of the recipients, who received a
rector of your civil service, to honor 25 out- framed certificate signed by the President,
standing government executives who ex- a gold lapel pin, and a check for approxipress the true degree of patriotism by prov- mately $20,000.
ing their commitment to the country every
The rank of Distinguished Executive is
day as they've carried out their assignments the most prestigious recognition that can be
for the public over their long periods of given to a member of the Senior Executive
service.
Service. The 1981 award recipients are:
As you mentioned, the decade of the Alan G. Forssell, Henry H. Harris, Donald
eighties presents new challenges, and we P Hearth, jimmie D. Hill, George 0. Hipps,
very much need the support of all our civil Jr., Clyde E. Jeffcoat, Peter M. Kimm, Lester
servants. As you said in your acceptance P Lamm, R. Kenneth Lobb, john W Lyons,
speech-and probably the only time a poli- David G. Mathiasen, Harold A. McGuffin.
tician has done this in an acceptance David E. Menott1; Robert L. Morgan, Fredspeech-you asked for the ideas and the erick T Roll, ]r., Glenn Allan Rudd, joseph
efforts of Federal employees to help you H. Sherick, Richard G. Smith, William L.
make government work. Through the 98- Smith, Earl R. Stadtman, Henning E. G.
year history of the civil service, you haven't von Gierke, William C Watson, jr., Harvey
been let down. And these 25 have respond- J Wilcox, Walter C Williams, and A.
Thomas Young.
l~.
·companies
·resents the
saved the
'1eir back·.1 words at
Some ex::; projects,
·quipment
of Henry
•ns system
nsiderable
list. Clyde
1 account:nates the
:111d saves
cusing on
! an effort
and prounits' ·un1
Remarks at a White House Luncheon for Members of the
Presidential Task Force on the Arts and Humanities
October 14, 1981
The President. Ladies and gentlemen, I've
just received notification here-if suddenly
in the midst of my remarks or anything else
that's going on here, you see some individuals getting up and leaving, don't think that
they're against the arts and humanities.
[Laughter] They are Congressmen going to
the House, because there is a vote up there
coming shortly. All those who are against
my side in the vote stay here. [Laughter]
Well, I want to welcome all of you here
today to the White House on behalf of the
American people, and I want to thank you
for the important work that you've under-
taken in these past few months. You're here
because of vour love for art, culture, and
learning. YO'u care deeply about things of
the mind and spirit. Indeed, many of you
are cultural leaders and you have proven
what I have just said already, in the activities that you have undertaken on your own.
When Nancy inaugurated the Young Artists in Performance at the White House program here in this room, she quoted a line
from Henry James: "It is art that makes life,
makes interest, makes importance, ... and
I know of no substitute whatever for the
force and beauty of its process." Well, those
925
�Oct. 14 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981
words can truly be applied to art, to the
humanities, and their scholarly pursuit. As
you know, our tradition of arts and scholarship in America is like most of our traditions-a pluralistic one. There are many
wellsprings of support here for works of
creativity and culture. I like to believe
that's why artists and scholars continue to
flock to our shores from other countries.
Today we're seen as a great center of Western culture, a place where the artist and
the scholar can find enrichment and excitement.
And I would like now to call on Dr.
Hanna Gray, president of the University of
Chicago, to present a report on your work.
Dr. Gray.
Dr. Gray. Thank you. Mr. President, Mrs.
Reagan, members of the Task Force, distinguished guests:
.
It is with a very deep sense of appreciation that we are presenting to you, Mr.
President, the report of your Task Force on
the Arts and Humanities. We are, above all,
grateful for the concern you have shown for
the health and the vigor of our nation's cultural life.
You provided us with a stimulating occasion to consider the opportunities and the
obligations which all of us share to sustain
and to strengthen this country's commitment to the arts and to the humanities. The
hallmark of that commitment lies in a devotion to the essential freedoms of thought
and expression.
A society that recognizes the enduring
significance of the arts and the humanities
to the quality and to the future of our civilization will set high value also on diversity
and on independence of initiative. This conviction asserts a confidence in the power
and possibilities of scholarship and of education at their best, a dedication to the values
and to the varieties of the creative and performing arts at their most vital. It rests on a
regard for the cultivation of inherited tradition and also for encouraging the risk-taking
that gives rise to new forms of learning and
artistic accomplishment.
It is a difficult task, the task of leadership,
to balance so many pressing needs and
complex goals, to assess the claims of the
future against those of the present, to stimulate the distinctive and cooperative roles
926
of the public and the private sectors. In that
context, we know that you will give consideration to those activities which over the
generations will shape the capacities and
the potential of an educated and creative
people. We hope very much that the work
of our task force will be of some use as you
direct that process.
And in saying that, I know that I speak
not only for the members of the Task
Force, for the staff which has served the
Task Force so ably, but also for the two
Cochairmen who were not able to be present today-for Ambassador Terra who had
to be absent today, and for Chuck Heston
who has, however, written a statement.
And perhaps I could close with that. His
statement says, "I regret that the film I'm
shooting in British Columbia keeps me from
joining you to second the convictions I
know Hanna will express. I've been preaching the independence and perseverance of
the artist all summer. Now I'm trying to
practice it." [Laughter] "My thoughts are
very much ·with you. I am grateful for your
trust in us." Signed, Chuck Heston.
Mr. President, we thank you again. This is
our report.
[At this point, Dr. Gray presented the President with the report of the Task Force.]
The President. Well thank you, Dr. Gray,
very much. And now I think I'd like to
conclude by pointing out that we hope your
work will be very much a part of that era of
national renewal I spoke of last January, an
era we hope to make a reality in the next
few years.
The challenge before us is to find ways
once again to unleash the independent
spirit of the people in their communities.
And that energy will accomplish far, far
more than just government programs alone
ever could. It was in this context that I
asked William (Bill) Verity, the chairman of
Armco Steel, to chair a new Task Force on
Private Sector Initiatives. Bill, since you so
graciously accepted-! caught him in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean on a boat; I'd
never done that before-won't you stand
please and-[applause]. But then he told
me he'd never been called on a boat
�..
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 I Oct. 14
:tte sectors. In that
u will give consid' which over the
1
1e capacities and
1ted and creative
tch that the work
f some use as you
,now that I speak
>ers of the Task
'1 has served the
also for the two
t able to be pres•r Terra who had
.)r Chuck Heston
a statement.
se with that. His
'hat the film I'm
ia keeps me from
1e convictions I
, 've been preachperseverance of
N I'm trying to
.fy thoughts are
irateful for your
-Ieston.
ou again. This is
:ented the Presiask Force.]
you, Dr. Gray,
ink I'd like to
:t we hope your
rt of that era of
last January, an
!ity in the next
s to find ways
independent
,· communities.
nplish far, far
>rograms alone
~ontext that I
1e chairman of
Task Force on
I, since you so
1t him in the
on a boat; I'd
·n't you stand
then he told
d on a boat
~
It
before-[laughter]-so it was a first for both
ety of private support and involvement and
of us.
to
ensure responsiveness of Federal proBut the Task Force is going to be comprised of 35 leaders from corporations, grams to the real needs. To assure an effecfoundations, and voluntary and religious or- tive dialog between government and the
ganizations. And I'm delighted that he's private sector, we will explore with the
here with us today, for the thrust of our Congress the expansion of our Federal
new efforts in the arts and humanities is Council on the Arts and Humanities to invery much in the spirit of our overall pri- clude private membership.
I would like to announce now mv nomivate sector initiative. We hope in this area,
of Frank Hodsoll as our p~oposed
nation
as in others, to assure pump priming and
seed money in partnership with private Chairman of the National Endowment for
the Arts. Frank, as many of you know, is
giving.
Now, we've done some talking recently now Deputy to Jim Baker on our White
about how our economic problems are the House staff. He's worked with you on the
result of too much government intrusion Task Force, and I've charged him to eninto the economy. The danger of too much courage additional private support for the
government was very much on the mind of arts in States and communities across the
the men who framed our Constitution, con- land, to assure that Federal programs are
structed our government, and built this responsive to needs. Frank, why don't you
public housing-[laughter]-and if you stand up so they can see you?
He ran out a littie while ago and I
think about it, their fear of government has
he was running out on the job, but
thought
a special meaning for our century. It's important for us to continue to resist the in- it turns out he just had a telephone call and
trusions of government. As John Updike has he's back. [Laughter] Telephone calls take
said so well, "I would rather chance my on a new meaning since we've been in this
personal vision of truth striking home here job back here. [Laughter] I got one, as you
and there in the chaos of publication, than all know-it was widely heralded in the
attempt to filter it through a few sets of press-at 4:30 in the morning. [Laughter]
official, honorably public-spirited scruples." And everyone hailed it as that they were
reluctant to wake me up. What did they
[Laughter]
Fostering arts and scholarship, not stifling think they were doing at 4:30 in the morning? [Laughter]
it, not filtering it, has been the goal of the
The arts and humanities have always
National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. It has also been the goal of your been something of great personal imporwork on the Task Force to act as a catalyst, tance to Nancy and to me. Nations are
to encourage the arts and humanities, to more often than not remembered for their
find for them new outlets and more gener- art and thought. As I stated at the time of
ous sources of support. Unlike many other establishing the Task Force, our cultural incountries, American support for the arts stitutions are an essential national resource.
and humanities comes primarily from the They must be kept strong.
So, I thank you all once again for being
private sector-$3 billion in 1980. The Endowments, which began in 1965, account here, and I thank you all for this report.
for only 10 percent of the donations to art And I will read it. Thank you all.
and scholarship. Nonetheless, they have
served an important role in catalyzing addi- Note: The President spoke at 1:10 p.m. in
tional private support, assisting excellence the East Room at the White House. The
in arts and letters, and helping to assure the three Cochairmen of the Task Force are Dr.
Hanna H. Gray (Chairman for the Humanavailability of art and scholarship.
Our primary goal in the arts and human- ities), Charlton Heston (Chairman for the
ities is to strengthen that public and private Arts), and Ambassador at Large for Culturpartnership. We hope to encourage a vari- al Affairs Daniel j Terra (Chairman for the
Federal Government).
927
�Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983 I May 17
.•
strength of the American economy, the
Congress, by House Joint Resolution 225,
has designated the week beginning on June
5, 1983, as "Management Week in America" and has authorized and requested the
President to issue a proclamation in observance of that week.
·
Now, ·Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do
hereby proclaim the week beginning June
5, 1983, as Management Week in America
and call upon the American people to ob-
;II
I
I
.:. ·A
'
'
.,·
';; :~
iJ;.C'
,,,,J
J:)
'
i/J
• ; . J/!;
serve that week with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
in Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this 17th day of May, in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and eightythree, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
and seventh.
RONALD REAGAN
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:44 p.m._, May 17, 1983]
I '/
11-L- ~
!
/Iii'
/1
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II"
11,1~
'.
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\
Nomination of Robe-rt H. Morris To Be Deputy Director of the
Federal Emergency Management Agency
May 17, 1983
The President today announced his intention to nominate Robert H. Morris to be
Deputy Director of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. This is a new position.
Mr. Morris is currently serving as Assistant Director for Enterprise Development of
the Minority Business Development Agency
at the Department of Commerce. Previously he was chairman and principal owner of
the Johnson Bronze Co. in 1970-1981;
president and chairman of the OIC Corp.,
Wadsworth, Ohio, in 1967-1970; managing
director of Crane Ltd., London, England, in
1963-1966; operating vice president of Microdot, Inc., New York City, in 1961-1962;
and president of Acco Products, Chicago,
IlL, in 1959-1960.
He graduated from the University of Illinois (B.S., 1941). He is married, has three
children, and resides in Bethesda, Md. He
was born March 31, 1919.
Remarks at the Awards Presentation Cermony for the President's
Committee on the Arts and the Humanities
May 17, 1983
·..
\
,,,·\
't•."\
. ·'
The President. Well, it's a great pleasure
for Nancy and me to welcome to the White
House you who both create and support the
arts.
The human need to create and enjoy art
is as profound as the urge to speak. In fact,
it's through our art that we best understand
ourselves and can be understood by those
who come after us.
·
The American way of supporting the arts
is so different from that in many other
countries. Our arts do not derive from national academies. Their support doesn't
come from royal courts or ministers of culture. Ours is a much broader cultural base.
It reflects the kaleidoscope of individuality,
diverse land, ethnic population, and civic
pride that are America. And they also reflect the great American volunteer tradition.
At the Federal level, we support the
work of the National Endowment for the
Aits to stimulate excellence and make art
more available to more of our people. But
the Endowment also encourages private
support. We owe a great deal of thanks to
719
�May 17 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983
the members of the National Council of the
Mrs. Reagan. First, we would like to recArts, many of whom are here today, for
ognize
the Texaco Philanthropic Foundatheir help in these areas.
represented
today by John McKinley.
tion,
While the purpose of this gathering is to
For
42
years,
Texaco
has sponsored the
honor six of our leading artists and six art
patrons, its also an appropriate forum to call Metropolitan Opera's Saturday afternoon
for a renewed commitment to private radio broadcasts, the longest continuous
giving. Last year I appointed this Commit- sponsorship in the history of radio. These
tee to help in this effort, and Nancy agreed broadcasts have brought opera, and Texaco,
to serve as the honorary chairman. Under into countless American homes. The Texaco
the able leadership of Andrew Heiskell, I Foundation celebrated the Metropolitan
am glad to report that the Committee has Opera's lOOth anniversary by pledging an
accomplished a great deal. We hope that additional $5 million toward the Met's enthrough events like this we can inspire dowment drive. This is symbolic of the
others to join our cause and in doing so lift giving of corporate foundations.
Frederica Von Stade is one of this counthe spirits and enrich the lives of all our
people.
try's great young opera stars. Born in New
The arts must be supported not only for Jersey, she worked as a secretary and salesthemselves but for the joy they bring to person to pay for her singing lessons. She
Americans everywhere. So, I urge all of you made a sensational debut at the Met in
here today to contact your friends, asso- 1970, and she has since appeared all over
ciates, and neighbors-to commit yourselves the world. I might add, we were lucky
with corporations, foundations, and commu- enough to have her sing at the White
nity groups-to the private giving that we House last year.
need to assure that art continues to play an
Although James Michener is primarily
integral part in our national life.
known as a successful writer, he's also an
You know I've never been very good, arts patron, having contributed millions of
myself, at fundraising. And I've told some of dollars to help younger writers. Discovering
my friends on occasion that-that that's that many talented students couldn't afford
why I got in government, because we don't the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop,
ask for it, we just take it. [Laughter] .
he established an endowment providing felThe story that illustrates this is one of a lowships each year. He's also a founder of
man who became the chairman of his small- the National Poetry Series, which sponsors a
town charity. And, looking at the records, yearly competition for poets. Mr. Michener
he went to a citizen of the town who had a sets an example for all those who've
6-figure income and who had never con- achieved success in the arts by aiding young
tributed to the town charity. And he called and aspiring artists of the future.
his attention to this fact and said that the
Czeslaw Milosz is one of the world's great
record showed that, "You have this income poets and thinkers. Born in Poland and a
that you've never contributed." And he leader of the avant-garde poetry movement
said, "Do your records also show that my in the 1930's, Mr. Milosz is an opponent of
brother was wounded in the war, perma- oppression. He was a member of the Resistnently disabled and never able to work ance during World War II and after the war
again? Do they show that my sister was resigned from Poland's diplomatic service
widowed with several children, and there to protest Communist repression. Mr.
was no insurance, there was no means of Milosz, now an American citizen, teaches at
subsistence?" And kind of abashed, the the University of California at Berkeley. He
chairman said, "Well, no, the records don't was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature
show that." "Well," he said, "I don't give in 1980.
anything to them; why should I give someAnd next we commend Philip Morris,
thing to you?" [Laughter] Well, fortunately, represented today by George Weissman,
there are none such in this room.
chairman of the board. With its overall
And now I would like to call on Nancy to giving increasing fivefold during the 1970's
announce the honorees.
Philip Morris is a pioneering supporter of
I
l
[
r
f
I
r
i·
iI
!
720
I
Ii
�Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983 I May 17
ld like to recopic Foundahn McKinley.
ponsored the
'ay afternoon
:t continuous
radio. These
·, and Texaco,
;. The Texaco
Metropolitan
pledging an
·he Met's en·bolic of the
of this counBorn in New
:ry and sales. lessons. She
the Met in
.tred all over
were lucky
. the White
is primarily
he's also an
l millions of
Discovering
tldn't afford
· Workshop,
-oviding felfounder of
1 sponsors a
r. Michener
>Se who've
'ding young
·orid's great
land and a
movement
pponent of
the Resistter the war
ctic service
;sion. Mr.
teaches at
rkeley. He
Literature
ip Morris,
Weissman,
its overall
the 1970's
oporter of
the visual arts. Philip Morris' support of the of California farmworkers. It has since rearts includes the Corcoran Gallery here in ceived numerous awards, including an Obie
Washington, the current Vatican exhibit at · and three Los Angeles Drama Critics
the Metropolitan Museum, and the travel- Awards. And his 1978 "Zoot Suit" was the
ing exhibition, "Two Centuries of Black first play by a Chicano playwright and diAmerican Arts."
rector to be presented on Broadway. BeFrank Stella is a painter and sculptor cause he's traveling today, his award will be
whose work is represented in major muse- accepted by Andy Heiskell.
ums the world over. He was only 24 when
Next we recognize the Dayton Hudson
he astonished the art world in 1960 with
severe striped paintings that seemed to Foundation of Minneapolis, represented by
mock the Abstract Expressionist movement William Andres, chairman of the board.
that then dominated the American art Dayton Hudson is a household worldscene. His shaped canvases of the 1970's are word-in philanthropy-world, too, I guess.
now replaced by monumental aluminum Forty percent of its giving is devoted to the
wall sculptures. We salute in Frank Stella arts, not just in Minnesota but across the
an artist who has not yet made his final country-from the Arizona Opera Company
to the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra. Dayton
statement.
And next we honor the Cleveland Foun- Hudson is an advocate of the Five Percent
dation, represented here by Stan Pace, Principle, which urges corporations to dediwho's also president of TRW. The Cleve- cate at least 5 percent of their pretax profits
land Foundation is our oldest and third to philanthropy.
Finally, we honor Pinchas Zukerman, relargest community foundation. Recognizing
in 1977 the need to develop a long-range nowned violinist and conductor. Born in Tel
plan for Cleveland's performing arts, the Aviv, Mr. Zukerman entered New York's
Cleveland Foundation formed a committee Juilliard School in 1961. Six years later, he
of community leaders and raised over $11 embarked on a brilliant worldwide career.
million. The Cleveland Foundation is a fine In 1982 he received his third Grammy
example of a foundation binding a commu- Award. His versatility has enriched American music, and his artistry as a soloist and as
nity to its arts.
Philip Johnson is a world renowned archi- music director of the St. Paul Chamber Ortect. He grew up in Cleveland and is cur- chestra have delighted audiences everyrently engaged in designing the new Cleve- where.
The President. Thank you, Nancy.
land Playhouse. His mark, however, is everywhere. His annex of the Museum of
Mrs. Reagan. That's all right.
Modern Art and the Seagram Building in
The President. That's all right? [Laughter]
New York, the Amon Carter Museum in That's all the pay a First Lady gets. [LaughFort Worth, his own Glass House, are all ter]
extraordinary. A major pioneer of the interAnd thank you all for being here today. I
national style, Philip Johnson is now an ad- would also like to thank Andrew Heiskell
vocate of what is known as Post-Modernism. and the other members of the Committee
And next we honor Elma Lewis, the for their leadership. You're an inspiration to
founder of the Elma Lewis School of Fine all of us, and you represent the very best in
Arts and the National Center of Mro- our society.
American Artists in Boston. Miss Lewis has
Your contributions benefit not only our
devoted most of her adult life to training citizens today but also our children and our
aspiring young black people for careers in children's children. I hope this luncheon
dance, opera, and theater. The recipient of will be the first of a series recognizing artmore than 17 honorary degrees, she repre- ists and scholars and their supporters.
sents the spirit of the volunteer and over
I've asked Frank Hodsoll as Chairman of
the years has helped hundreds from minor- the National Endowment for the Arts to
ity communities participate in the arts.
explore the possibility of establishing a
Luis Valdez of California created El medal to recognize the Nation's best in this
Teatro Campesino to dramatize the plight area. We'll continue doing everything we
721
�May 17 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983
can to encouraging growing private support
for the arts. And with your help we'll demonstrate the commitment and appreciation
of our people and our government for artistic excellence.
And let me just say one last word about
this whole element of voluntarism, which so
many of you here exemplify today. It's been
amazing to me that in this time of economic hardship and need throughout the country-yes, the need was greater, but obviously the resources must have been less. But
records have been broken all over.
The spread of volunteer efforts all over
this country is just inspiring-and one little
example I have to tell you. The other day
there was a little awards ceremony in the
Rose Garden. I was giving some awards to
Peace Corps volunteers. And one of them
was a nun, very tiny, quite elderly, who'd
come back from Ghana, where she has a
hospital and a canteen there, and where
they're battling the disease and the hunger
in that area.
And as I was handing her her certificate,
everyone there was surprised to see her
lean up and whisper. something to me, and
also surprised when I leaned down and
whispered something back. And my own
people, when I got back in the office,
couldn't wait. "What-," "What happened-," "What was she saying out
there?" "What happened?" And I said,
"Well, she whispered to me, was there anything I could do to help them get some
flour, because in their canteen they were
very short of flour-and the great hunger in
the area-and they couldn't help with
that." And I said, I leaned down and told
her, 'Td see what we could do."
We made one phone call. And before the
afternoon was over, 3,000 pounds of flour
were on their way to that canteen in
Ghana. And it's been that way all through
the days that we've been here and inspiring
this. So, I know that Nancy and I both feel
very grateful to you all for what you're
doing, and congratulate all of those winners
and all of those donors.
It's little enough to receive a certificate.
You have our heartfelt thanks as well.
Note: The President spoke at 1:15 p.m. in
the State Dining Room at the White House.
The President's News Conference
May 17, 1983
Arms Control
The President. Good evening. I have a
statement. I'm gratified that a bipartisan
consensus on arms control is emerging from
the recommendations of the Scowcroft commission. Their report combined into one
package three of our top priority goalsmodernization, deterrence, and arms control. And I'm integrating their arms control
recommendations into our START proposals. I will also support their proposal to develop a small, single-warhead missile for
more stable deterrence in the future.
Many in the Congress have shared their
thinking on arms control with us. Close cooperation can show the Soviets that we
Americans stand united, ready to negotiate
in good faith until we succeed in reducing
the level of nuclear weapons on both sides.
722
Working together and exploring initiatives such as a proposed mutual builddown
of strategic nuclear forces, we can keep
America strong and achieve arms reductions that strengthen the peace and benefit
all mankind. I .congratulate both Appropriations Committees for their bipartisan approval of the MX Peacekeeper missile, recommended by the Scowcroft commission. I
look forward to prompt approval of this
vital program by the full House and Senate.
It'll be one of the most important arms control votes of the 98th Congress.
The Scowcroft commission demonstrated
it could take on a complex 'issue and
achieve bipartisan agreement. The question
now is whether the Congress can also reach
a consensus with a resolution and unity to
strengthen our national security, reduce the
�Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1984 I May 21
nd must do
:eenage un. I'm asking
·mployment
But I also
:ers review
.of creating
tsiness leadreat differ-
As a sign of our national gratitude and
concern, I also urge my fellow citizens to
display our country's flag at half-staff at
their homes and other appropriate places
during this period.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this 20th day of May, in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and eightyfour, and of the Independence of the
.tening, and
12:06 p.m.
·n
. husband,
in spirit, it
'<now him
at Gettys' of devowhich he
ourselves
ur hearts.
;an, Presi,1erica, do
.1e United
all public
tary posts
·a! vessels
e District
e United
)Ssessions,
25, May
tlso direct
ff for the
:mbassies,
1er facilifacilities
United States of America the two hundred
and eighth.
RONALD REAGAN
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:59p.m., May 21, 1984]
Note: The text of the proclamation was released by the Office of the Press Secretary
on May 21.
Proclamation 5196-National Arts With the Handicapped Week,
1984
May 20, 1984
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Art flows from and nourishes the human
spirit. Through art, we learn to understand
ourselves and our potential. For disabled
people, the creative experience-whether
as artists, audiences, educators, or students-is an essential part of leading a full
and productive life. It is an important
means for the disabled to be. integrated into
the mainstream of educational and cultural
·
programs as well.
Therefore, it is critical that our cultural
institutions, educators, and communities
strive to assure that disabled people can
participate fully in the arts. The National
Committee Arts with the Handicapped, an
educational affiliate of the John F. Kennedy
Center for the Performing Arts, is dedicated to extending opportunities for such participation. It conducts education programs
in all fifty States, the District of Columbia,
and Puerto Rico. Funded by both the
public and private sectors, the Committee
is celebrating its tenth anniversary this
year. To mark this achievement, the Committee is sponsoring a very special arts festival during the week of May 20, 1984, in
Washington, District of Columbia.
·
In recognition of the importance of the
arts in enriching the lives of disabled persons and in celebration of the work of the
National Committee Arts with the Handicapped, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 220, has designated the week of May
20 1984 as "National Arts with the Handi. ca~ped Week" and authorized and requested the President to issue an appropriate
proclamation.
Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do
hereby proclaim the week of May 20, 1984,
through May 26, 1984, as National Arts with
the Handicapped Week. I encourage the
people of the United States to observe the
week with appropriate ceremonies, programs and activities.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this 20th day of May, in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and eightyfour, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
and eighth.
RONALD REAGAN
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3 p.m., May 21, 1984]
Note: The text of the proclamation was released by the Office of the Press Secretary
on May 21.
719
�Nov. 7 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1986
Proclamation 5568-National Arts Week, 1986
November 7, 1986
By the President of the United States
of A me rica
A Proclamation
Wherever Americans are, there are the
arts. The arts are central to human expres·
sion. The arts enlighten us and please us.
America has long loved the arts, and we
study, practice, appreciate, and patronize
them in our theatres, museums, galleries,
schools, and communities.
We also generously support the arts and
desire to make them as widely available as
possible. A typically American consortiuminformal and effective-of individuals, corporations, foundations, and taxpayers provides financial support to artists to augment
revenues raised directly from patrons.
It is most fitting that we take time to
celebrate the arts of our Nation, to honor
our artists, and to express our appreciation
to everyone who patronizes the arts. And as
we celebrate the arts, we celebrate and
give thanks for our freedom, the only atmosphere in which artists can truly create
and in which art is truly the expression of
the soul.
Let us join together during National Arts
Week to celebrate the arts of our Nation
and in pledging to continue this magnificent partnership of artist and patron so as
to enrich the soul and the heart of our
people forever.
The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution
304, has designated the week of November
16 through November 22, 1986, as "National Arts Week" and authorized and request·
ed the President to issue a proclamation in
observance of this event.
Now, Therefore, /, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do
hereby proclaim the week of November 16
through November ·22, 1986, as National
Arts Week. I encourage the people of the
United States to observe the week with appropriate ceremonies, programs, and activities.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
eighty-six, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
and eleventh.
RONALD REAGAN
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:02 a.m., November 10, 1986]
Statement on Signing the Bill Establishing the Dwight D.
Eisenhower Centennial Commission
November 7, 1986
I am pleased to approve H.R. 4302, which
establishes the Dwight David Eisenhower
Centennial Commission. The Commission
will encourage, plan, and coordinate observances of the centennial of President Eisenhower's birth, which will occur on October
14, 1990.
In order to avoid significant concerns
1532
under both the Incompatibility and Appointments Clauses of the Constitution, I
am construing the functions of this Commission to be solely advisory.
Note: H.R. 4302, approved November 7, was
assigned Public Law No. 99-624.
�,-
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1987 I Nov. 12
ate Justice of
& Kennedy. Since
·;titutional law partc:hool of Law at the
rd appointed Judge
'Jnited States Court
1 Circuit, where he
most senior active
udge Kennedy has
0 decisions and au:, earning a reputanmindedness, and
n _an active partici:ial administration.
ted the respect of
}ersuasions.
's wife Mary reside
:mento. They have
egory, and Kristin.
mts the best tradiry. The President
Jt this nomination
: being made, and
inues to handicap
~me Court.
Leaders and
····:
t._
·.,,
,-_
eighth time since the December 1979 invasion that the General Assembly has decisively called upon the Soviet Union to pull
its forces out of Afghanistan. And let there
be no mistake about it: The withdrawal of
Soviet forces is the key to resolving the
Afghan crisis. Other issues that have been
raised to divert attention from this fact only
extend the combat and prolong the suffering of the Afghan people.
General Secretary Gorbachev has publicly
stated a Soviet readiness to withdraw. Both
in April and September of 1987, I asked the
Soviet Union to set a date this year when
that withdrawal would begin. I also stated
that when the Soviet Union showed convincingly that it was ready for a genuine
political settlement the United States would
be helpful. After all, the Soviet presence in
Afghanistan is a major impediment to improved U.S.-Soviet relations, and we would
like to remove it. The Soviets should want
to do so, as well.
Unfortunately, the Soviet answer on a
date for rapid withdrawal has been silence.
Instead we've seen the Kabul regime announce a phantom cease-fire and propose a
transitional government, one that would
leave' this discredited and doomed group in
control. These gambits have been rejected
by the only voice that really counts: that of
the Afghan people, speaking through their
resistance representatives. Any proposal unacceptable to the resistance is destined to
fail.
And as the resistance continues the fight,
we and other responsible governments will
stand by it. The support that the United
States has been providing the resistance will
be strengthened, rather than diminished, so
that it can continue to fight effectively for
freedom. The just struggle against foreign
tyranny can count upon worldwide support,
both political and material.
The goal of the United States remains a
genuinely independent Afghanistan, free
from external interference, an Afghanistan
whose people choose the type of government they wish, an Afghanistan to which
the four million refugees from Soviet aggression may return in safety and, yes, in
honor.
On behalf of the American people, I
salute Chairman Khalis, his delegation, and
the people of Afghanistan themselves. You
are a nation of heroes. God bless you.
Note: The President spoke at 10:16 a.m. in
the Roosevelt Room at the White House.
Proclamation 5741-National Arts Week, 1987
November 12, 1987
:ts already made
' During the past
·t fighting inside
d their weapons,
The result has
defeats for the
' many divisions
delegation are
the Novem_\ssernbly vote,
:we again. called
•thdrawal of all
't.lll_ This is the
in~
By the President of the United States
of America
_ A Proclamation
The arts lie at the heart of our Nation
and of the heritage we cherish. The freedom we enjoy allows our arts to breathe the
spirit of liberty and to ennoble, inspire, and
nourish us. During National Arts Week,
when we celebrate the arts and thank the
artists, patrons, and audiences who give
them life, we salute a precious dimension of
America.
From our early days as a Nation, countless public-minded citizens have considered
support of culture and the arts their joy and
their responsibility. Their efforts have
brought about an American partnership
among individuals, corporations, foundations, and taxpayers that sustains the arts
and makes them accessible throughout our
land.
Across America the arts are flourishing.
Everywhere, individual artists are at work
and symphony orchestras, museums, thea~
ters, dance and opera companies, and folk
arts groups are busy in cities and towns
alike. As we express our gratitude to these
Americans we also renew our commitment
to the partnership that supports them and
brings their work, and that of the rest of
the world, to American audiences-and we
reaffirm our devotion to the life of the
1325
�Nov. 12 I Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1987
mind and the soul.
The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution
154, has designated the period of November 15 through November 22, 1987, as "National Arts Week'~ and authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this event.
Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do
hereby proclaim the period of November
15 through November 22, 1987, as National
Arts Week. I encourage the people of the
United States to observe this period with
appropriate ceremonies, programs, and activities.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this 12th day of November, in the
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
eighty-seven, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two hundred and twelfth.
RONALD REAGAN
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:30 a.m., November 13, 1987]
Appointment of Marion C. Blakey as Special Assistant to the
President and Director of Public Affairs
November 12, 1987
The President today announced the appointment of Marion C. Blakey to be Special Assistant to the President and Director
of Public Affairs. She would succeed
Thomas F. Gibson III.
Since 1985 Ms. Blakey has been a Director of Public Affairs and Special Assistant to
the Secretary at the U.S. Department of
Education. From 1982 to 1984, she was Director of Public Affairs at the National Endowment for the Humanities. Previously
Ms. Blakey served as Director of that agency's youth programs and in its Office of
Planning and Policy Assessment.
Ms. Blakey holds a bachelor's degree from
Mary Washington College of the University
of Virginia (1970), where she majored in
international affairs. She attended the Johns
Hopkins School of Advanced International
Studies for graduate work in Middle East
affairs. Ms. Blakey is married, has one child,
and resides in Washington, DC.
Statement on Trade Sanctions Against Brazil
November 13, 1987
I am today announcing my intention to
raise tariffs on Brazilian exports to the
United States and to prohibit imports from
Brazil of certain computer products in response to the maintenance by Brazil of
unfair trade practices in the area of computer products.
Brazil's national informatics policies, in
place since the 1970's, severely restrict foreign participation in Brazil's computer and
computer-related market. The United
States has unsuccessfully raised its concerns
with Brazil in bilateral and multilateral consultations since 1983. In September 1985 I
1326
initiated an investigation of these practices
under section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974
and in October 1986 determined that Brazil's informatics policies were unreasonable
and a burden and restriction on U.S. commerce. I suspended parts of this investigation after Brazil made commitments to implement its informatics law in a more flexible, reasonable, and just manner.
Recent developments in Brazil make it
clear that these commitments are not being
kept. In particular, the Brazilian Government has rejected efforts by an American
software company to license its product in
�AUG-17-1994
15=09
FROM
CHARLES/DORIS MUSCATINE
TO
· LISSA/BRAD
P.02
future for ourselves, and for the world, and to fi
create it. In the century to come1 as in the past,
upon our humanists and our artists to show us the
lie both our deepest loyalites and our most inviti
possibilities.
TOTAL P.02
�draft 8/17/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
A PROCLAMATION
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
1994
Nothing is more essential to a renewal of the American
spirit than our artistic and humanistic traditions. From
generation to generation, we pass along our ideas, values, and
beliefs through the rich culture that we share.
While we have no official American culture, nor even a
consensus on what defines our culture, we have a powerful
tradition of intellectual inquiry and artistic expression that
helps us discover our shared humanity.
A civilized society cannot evolve if its people do not have
the opportunity to deepen their knowledge, train their
imaginations, and convey attitudes and emotions. Throughout our
history, the arts and humanities have enriched our civic
discourse and enabled us to experience the texture of each
other's lives.
Today, in an increasingly diverse and divided world, the
arts and humanities give us the power to honor our individual
identities while also celebrating our sameness as Americans. They
allow us to engage each other in ways that evoke feelings of
belonging and of common purpose.
greater responsibility to engage, participate, and restore
our sense of community.
do more to ensure that we appreciate our similarities rather
than dwell on our differences
incivility .....
�TO
AUG-17-1994
•'
-THIS
•
.
.
.
··. Th~ Federation of State
l
..
Hurnanities Councils
·,
.
for.
Am·erican sociecy. One of the greatest
IS A NEWLY DIFFICULT '(IME
.. _.. of' our trou[>l:s. is the loss of stabil_iry in
.. , . o~r commilnlt!es. People are feelmg
members oJCohgms,less:good abo~t ,themselves, insecu-re in their· own
wllh appreciation for tp!dr,.
identities and in their own futu~e prospects; and ·
_rhey are becoming_ more !ni:olerant and more hosruppqr~ fm· the work of the
tile toward others .. Anyone who has tried to conhumanities ··ounci!s.
duci: a public meeting these days recognizes the
'growing disrespec,t for orderly self-gove-rnment.·
Reasoned debate, the ideal of our democracy, roo ,
· often gives way to shouting matches between. spe~ial groups and specialinterests who hav~ never
stopped ro listen to each other. 'In many 'yays we
I
pa~e los·t the balan.ce between the commo'n good
.and the narrow concefns
~findi;(.iduuls
that
is \
.
.
'
essential to our social heahh.
The work of the state•humanirics cotmcils
direcdy addresses this probkrri. ~.
.
The bisic•rhrust of humanistic activirv is educaI
ti~nal:'alinost all council programs invol~e rhe
knowledge of hisco~y, the uppreciarion ofliccrarur~,
or the grasp of ethical and social philosophy. For.
I .~he ~ndividtial, these programs are de?ignel} to
'deepen knowledge; stimulatc.imaginati~n, educate
feelings. Ideally, they fos.ter theincreased sense
understanding and ofself-;orrh that is one of the .
intrinsic benefits bf hum~nisric education.
But because the work of the councils typically
brings 'people roger her, it also entails a benefit
beyond the, personal: our work builds comqlupiry.'
· .· A sense ofcomrriuniry depends on a sense of · '
hi"srory. All over the country, inven'ues large and.
small, council-sponsored talks;exhibirs, films;·
"- . workshops, arid conferences. are bringiAg people
togerher co study local.history and tradition. In
!
· Tucs,on, Ari,imna; Clay _Counry, Abibama; Purr
·. Pen:r{ Delaware; Woodford County, Kentucky;.
War,ner, New' Hampshire; and dozeris of ocher
plutes, .cirizens arc thus acquiring· new bases (oi ·
com~unicy pride and commu~ity coopenition.'
CounCil activities-dedicated to the ~mdemand~.
ing of special grou.ps fu~rhcr promote roler;nce anJ
'appre2iatiori. The examples in the pages rh~r fa'!- .
IO\y inClude projects ~evotedro rbe Hispanics of
·the Pacific Northwest, black bu~iness-p~rsons in
f,
·j' Detroit,J~panese wbrker~ in Missouri:, th~ native
I
O~ah~ ~ultur~ ofNebiask~, and the Acadian fam·i~ .,
'I
I
·. I.
.r
·lies of Maine.
-
dedicate.uhis book to
.·I
r,
of
.·.measured, i
,
civility. It tur,ns d.
way'councils are
to address issues
of Nevada to deal
The coy.ncils'
are parricularly
1 only informed, but
pathy for others'
the p-roblems have
·are talking to
\yays" (Urah) ..
· peopl~ heard a frui
. g;·a'ups tliar sddom
licly.. From chis.
bringing diverse
qne ·
I
I
beyond immediate
. comnwn fut,ure, as
• .Kansas, M~ssissiripi
Nevi}ersey.
~r a rirrie when
standing are spreadi
in'torm.ed add civil
�AUG-17-1994 · .m: 16 . - FROM/
TO
CHARLES/DORIS MUSCATINE
12024565709
1
P.04
I
' '.
.
.
• broadly edu~ation~I. conveying th~ illu_mination.
.
'
~
.
'
I
mutual respect' fotthe diverse'beliefs and
.
. and pers<mal enrichment oft he humanities in
I
-all persons and groups." It defines the·
public programs' ofreading, lectures, cliscussions,
.-
'
'.
!
.
'
of the htimanities to the human envi.vt.uu.qu~,
films'and exhibits.
Lartetly,,however;' the'councils have been 3:dapt-
particular. attention [arrwng other things}
.,
ing their work
t; new p~blic demands, demon::
current co~ditions ofriationallife',
strating the powe~ of public h~manities pr~grams
I
H
This initiative is no less ·iesponsive·to
\
of our'11ew Presidenh who reg~rds the
· tq,build community, to address civic problems·,
•
•
'
I
I
I
.
and to h~lp communitie~ plan f~r the future. We
our civic lif~ gravely en'ough co ha~e in
.presen~ here some mo~ing
gu;al address cleplored the "deep di-:-isions
evid~nce of. what the
councils are doing to bring to the general pu~lic a ..
our people," issued the challenge of
'
· sense of the civility that American culture needs
\
our rom
.'
.
communiri~s,"
and invoked the"
.
Although this is largely a new emphasis, ba5ed·
~he
on newly urgent nacJonal needs, it is deeply
I
.
,
deepest measure of unity."
We hope that this report will show how
~
.
·responsive to chc intenriori ~f Congress when ic
•
I
.
, created the National Endowment for the H1.1manities, which provides
,·
I
th~ couhcils with much of
\
'
I
•
r?·articulare' rhe civic plirpos~ of the
I
_ery." It ackntiwledged that "the humanities reflect
· the high place accorded by the_ American people t~
the nation's rich cultural heritage and to fos'tering
co the current coriditions.of national life.
'I
~ole of the humaniti~s
in fostering "an orde,rly conrin'uation of free soci-
C¢SJPOildS
/
councils are better equipped than any
•
their support. Congress, 'in the originallegisla-
. cion, was concerned with Fhe
•
tlte WOrk of the State humanities COUncil~
I
'
I:
our nation. can s~rnmon
from irs myriad·
.
and deserves: .
~nd to fortify cl~ic life through the
:rhey stand re~dy -~o answer w the responsi
/
char chis position entails.
\
Charles MUJcatine; Chair
Federation of State ·Humaniries Councils
Member, Cali/oriti~ Council for the
�I,
P.03
I
~
.l
'
1
\·
I'
,,
'
.
HE WORK OF die state
l
· humanities councils describe-d
I
I
.
.
;
The pervadi~g antipathies
,
humanitie~ t~ address.a s~r.ious prob.lem ,'
I
I 'onfwn;;ng o;, na<i?n.
public life, our lack'ofc,ivility, ·
~
much w,orkwe need to
.·
America, everyone agrees, is diverse and
.
become a civilization.
· the uni9ue power of the
·.,.public
\.
and celebrating our sameqess.
in this report demonstrates
I
.
knowing each' othe~,, appr~ciati
1.
d~ to be
I
bec~m-
together, What it meanS
(Q
be
r~.nnRf"lr"
ing ffi;Ore s'o. The ?imple idea. of Afi.1eric~ as a
end, there is no more powerful
"melcing pot" is giving way
public humanities: the study of
: •.
'
'_'
'
·,
~
•
. ~omklex and difficult:
.-
.'
.
to
something more
•
'
I
,
..
,
~r~ all
· of citizen· groups, enabled
1. ~owl,;, <om~,;,~,; p;~udly,nd often p•infu!ly
.
.
-
.
by,
aware of our ethnic-and culi:ural differences, we .
·1
oth", and't; lo"n
.'
..
, ""· been
I
i:n~ch we are rh~ same ..
position in this enterprise.
~•It<rl by Vidav H•vd, p;.,;don• ~f thd . ,I
Czed~Republi~, "the need for civility."
By "civili-
behaviortoward each other, but also something
I
,
,
,
.·deeper, chat web of understanding and feeling
-
in che acaoemic humanities:
I
. .J
-I
I!
.(
and training ..
l
1
'.,d voluntw bmW mo,;bm
. from am6ng citizens who
cy': Havel i:neans nur just nonns of decem public
'i
I
I
proble~, nor uniyue to.our o~ncouncry,
./'
I.
·l
u's, rpuc~ less c~lebrating how'~uch humani-
This
i
our common American
.ocher arid valuing che richness that our differe~ces .
ty we share: how
·I
w~<eh"
.
. have made litde progre~s in understanding each '
give
·I
gravity of humanistic
.
-.
II
.I, ,.,i Ofill '"'""",''""".cui.
~h~ idea
9f a permanently
.
.
. · "mulciculcunil" society. But while we
I
~
•
'
... ;'
'years of experience
hist~ry.
in ULJlJ}~JJJoJ.;
philosophy,
i·.~;
�DRAFT
PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE
ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 526
Washington, DC 20506
Tel.: 202-682-5409 Fax: 202-682-5668
June 30, 1994
~·o_
c,I\A~~
~
Ce-re lo c..cm.'\.4. •'J
~ 1- ~ k.« \:.. c:..o
MEMORANDUM
TO:
MELANNE VERVEER
FROM:
ELLEN McCULLOCH-LOVELL
SUBJECT:
White House Cultural Message
, 1:> ~J
h'->fH.~
(4...
I.e G-~
~
While politics divides us, the arts and humanities unify us. When the Administration highlights
and celebrates the best in American culture, it carries out one of its main campaign themes: to
bring us together; to unify a diverse and often divided country. The arts are uplifting, they
celebrate;· and express human aspirations and spirit They can promote understanding,
appreciation and tolerance of others' cultures and ideas.
The presence of the President and the First Lady and the use of the White House as a venue are
some of the most powerful ways the Administration can convey its message about the arts and
the humanities.
The Clintons are personally interested, attend cultural events, and the White House has hosted
many wonderful events, such as the Christmas crafts, the WET A series, the National Medal for
the Arts and the Frankel Prize, the Federal Design Awards and others. The White House also
invites outstanding artists and scholars to dinners as guests and performers. They are more
supportive of cultural life than any first family since the Kennedys.
This memo is to prompt our thinking about how the First Family could get more credit for this
high level of activity and to have a more coherent message.
There is uncertainty and complaining in the cultural sector that the Clintons are not interested in
the arts, that last October's National Medals was a great start but there has been little support
since, that there is no "Clinton cultural policy." When I speak to groups and present what the
�President and First Lady have done and said about the arts and humanities, describe his
wonderlul appointments in this area, and the inter-agency efforts under way, the response is very
positive. People say they do not know all of this.
The diverse arts and humanities communities are important to the country in many ways, and
important supporters of the President. They are articulate spokespeople, they rally others to
causes, they lend their talents to events and they raise a lot of money.
The President's speech to the ART 21 Conference was close to a defining policy speech and
contained statements about access, education, cultural diversity and community building that
should be repeated in other speeches and talking points.
I would not advise trying to define one "cultural policy" for the United States, but this speech
comes close to defining a set of cultural goals that apply to the whole country.
We can put all of what is happening into a more coherent package and communicate better
throughout this sector. The tools are:
· White House Events: receptions, ceremonies for arts and humanities, and perlormances at White ·
House dinners.
Appearances: scheduling the President and Mrs. Clinton at events here and at cultural sites
across the country.
Speeches: about cultural matters, or mentoring the arts and humanities.
Live from the White House: televised perlormances.
Statements: made by Cabinet members and other Administration spokespeople or issued for
groups to use at their events and conferences.
Newsletters: making sure quotes from speeches and statements are printed, or put on-line so
members of groups know about them.
Press Office: will the White House Press Office publicize some of these activities and statements
to selected cultural reporters or trade press? Should NEA, NEH, IMS and the President's
Committee take on more of this?
Policy: can we package initiatives of the federal agencies with cultural programs into a more
comprehensive "policy" to articulate to the field? Can we describe and publicize all the
interagency work (especially when we have cooperative agreements) more effectively?
Image: What kind of "cultural image" do we want to project? My guess is that the Clinton's
want to be associated with: The best in American art (and scholarship); celebrating the diversity
of American culture; highlighting "old masters" and "new talent"; showcasing promising young
artist with their mentors.
�;,;
Message: One of America's great strengths is the richness and diversity of its culture. America
has absorbed many traditions; they help us understand each other and unify us. We export them
to the world.
Many upcoming White House cultural events offer the opportunity to deliver a message,
coordinate an image, and publicize the message in the press and in the field.
They are:
9/21
9/21
10/4
IMS reception
Heritage Awards on the Hill
President's Committee meeting and reception
National Medal of Arts- Arts & Humanities Kick-off
possible:
Stevie Wonder Concert
Charles Ansbacher 4-part PBS series
White House crafts collection tour
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
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Arts & Humanities 9-21-94
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P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRAl
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAl
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information l(a)(4) of the PRAI
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(S) of the PRAj
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRAI
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Freedom of Information Act- IS U.S.C. 552(b)l
b(l) National security classified information l(b)(l) of the FOIAI
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIAI
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute l(b)(3) of the FOIAI
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information l(b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes l(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions l(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells l(b)(9) of the FOIA]
�AUG-17-1'394
15:08
FRC:N
L ISSA/BF:RD
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Liss:
Her.e's an attt!mpt t 0 rearrenge your ideas into
work. Hope it's :helpful. D.
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Today, in an increasingly diverse a:nd divided worl
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the humanities offer us tbe power to
id~ntities
and
u~e.us
Vlld
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while holding fast to the. things ·that b-. d
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culture,
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.. .
..
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copnsensus .on 'what defines it, we have a powerf\lyll ra . .
inrtellecblai ii)i:ttiicy
and
a,;Hstid <>Xpr<>s·aion •..
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I
literature, hi.story and philosQpy, we P.teserye andlrs~
1
fz-om qenera:tion to generation, our most chedshed.
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f"<11
values .aml l)eliefs.
I
Reading, seetng, . ilnd talking tbgether within
we engage each ot:her at our best.
,
ljlis '
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We listen to ea·fij" o
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stories; exp$rie:nce sympathetically the te:x:ture of,
!
lives, enable ourselves to convers.e with respect a dl
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U:nderstandipg, ·to honor each o.ther 's unique ex per l. ~ce
tind the bases,·~s Americans, of our belonging t.o ·~ch
_· t o
a common
"
p~rpo,s"e.
_li
II
But if the arts and humanities are essential
aJjd
pre~ervil'\9 o~t
a
rich culture, they are also essl ti
growth and our renewaL
By deepeening o1.1:r understcjl di
i
tralning our imaginations, by enlarging our capacii es
·i
t.o feel, the. arts, and humani-ties enable us to envi .' on
i
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�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
002. schedule
SUBJECTffiTLE
DATE
Phone Nos. (Partial) (I page)
811711994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Speechwriting
OA/Box Number: 8169
FOLDER TITLE:
Arts & Humanities 9-21-94
2012-1 004-S
ms522
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b)l
Pl National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRAI
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAI
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAI
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAI
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRAI
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRAI
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) of the FOIAI
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIAI
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAI
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(b)(6) of the FOIAI
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes l(b)(7) of the FOIAI
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions l(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells l(b)(9) of the FOIA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�SCl:J~DOLE FOR HILLARY.ROD~
[)ATE: WEDNESDl\,Y I AUGUST.
FINAL
�''SCHEDULE' FOR. HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON.··
WEDNESDAY, ·-AUGUST .. 17, 1? 9 4
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PARTICIPANTS: Approx. 100 · exp.ected to' attend
(See ~riefing book· fo~'further infd]
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corigr.essional: Members Expect~d to Attend:
Sen. ~hristopher Dodd · ( D-CT]
1 ..
sen. Donald Riegle
[D~MIJ
S~n. Edward Kennedy
(D-MA].
.·.:··
--· Cong. cynthia .·Mckinney [D~GAJ
-- cong; Vic Fazfo
·
· [.0-CA]:
FORMAT:
Congression~l Members and S~c .. Bentsen pioceed· ·
to.seats
·
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Sen. Christopher 'nodd (from toast lectern}·
'announce,s HRC, into:_ ·the room • . HRC 'proc~eds to
bene~ with Cong. Members and kids.
·sen. Christopher Dodd gives ov.erview· and
·welcoming remarks ·,and intros Sec~ 'Lloyd ;Bentsen·.
for brief remarks. ··(NOTE:. Sec. Bentsen must':.
depart after he gives .remarks}
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begin-'giving.
testimonials., .~nd t~ins to HRC to moderateprogram, . ·
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· -- Five Children will .give theirstories or 'read
-their letters. Congressional· members will also .
tell their personal stories~
·
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· Sequence: Cl}ildren .will. alternate with members •.
. '•,·
** -Asha Thume, Age 11, ·
(TX}
**.Sen. Don~ld ~ie~le speaks
** Jessiqa Wrigl)t, Age.7,: (SC}
**·Sen. Edward Kennedy speaks .
· ** Ian Cook, Age 12 ~.
. (:LA}.
** Cong ~ Vic Fazio speaks · · ·
** Jenifer-· Bush, Age· 7 ,. . . (FL}.
** Cong._ cynthia-McKinney speaks
** Rakia R~eves; Age 10, ·. (GA}
Following the ·last speaker, Sen. · Christopher·.
·Dodd returns .to .lectern and. il)tros .HRC
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HRC gives remarks from toast·lecternc
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SCHEDULE FOR .HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
WEDNESDAY 1 . AUGUST 1_7; 19 9 .c·PAGE 3
Upo~·co~clusidn of remarks, HRC to meet and
' gre~t 'with kids, and' exits room
staff.Contact: Julia Moffett
,Ev:ent contact: Melanie,Modlin·
·:or 1Barb Grochala
am
11:20
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'CLOSED PRESS
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Contact: Harold I,ckes.
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PRIVATE MEETING
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SCHEDULE FOR H:ILI;ARY· ROI)HAM CL:INTON
AUGUST 17, 1994
PAGE 4-
WEDNESDAY~
4! 30 pm- ·
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OFF:ICE/PHONE T:IME
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_RON···
'The ·White'House
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WEATHER. FORECAST FOR WASHINGTON I . DC:/
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- Mostly cl~udy, b~coming cloudy_ by. late· afternoon with i'sqi.ated
rainshowers and -thunderstorms. Low 64 to 69.· High 78 to 83.
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�PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON <llNTON
REMARKS VIA &\TELLITE VIDEO TO ARI-21 CONFERENCE
DRAFf
Welcome to "Art-21: Art Reaches into the 21st Century."
I'm sorry I can't join you in Chicago for what is truly an historic event - the
first national conference on the arts.
Let me start by thanking Jane Alexander, who organized this conference, for
her extraordinary energy and vision as Chairman of the National Endowment for the
Arts.
'For more than six months, Jane has been traveling virtually non-stop across the
country- from North to South, from East to West, from big cities to rural hamletsto highlight how the arts are incorporated into our everyday lives and into our
communities. She has an artist's eye, an artist's sensibilities, and an engaging spirit
that has already made her a strong and clear voice for the arts in the Ointon
Administration.
Under Jane's leadership- and I assure you she has left a very positive mark
on Capitol Hill, as well as with state legislators and mayors she has met across this
country - the NEA is once again being viewed as a vibrant force for the arts.
You are gathered at this conference because you know the power of the arts in
our lives. You know that the moral fabric of our nation depends on the arts to enrich
our cultural awareness and to further our appreciation for the diversity of
experiences that unite us as Americans.
The work you do over the next few days is extremely important Your
deliberations will begin an ongoing dialogue about the role of the arts in the 21st
century.
As you know only too well, budgetary pressures at the federal, state, and local
levels in recent years have denied our cultural institutions the public support they
deserve. I wish I could tell you today that our deficit was so low, so small, that
funding throughout the government was going to increase dramatically this year.
Unfortunately, the reality is that, although we are making great progress and our
economy is on the upswing, we must still work hard to reduce the deficit even more.
And nearly every federal agency is feeling the pinch.
1
�draft 8/16/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
A PROCLAMATION
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
OCTOBER 1994
Nothing is more central to the American spirit of freedom
than our artistic and humanistic traditions. From generation to
generation, we pass along our values, ideas, and beliefs through
the rich culture that we share.
The arts and humanities train our imaginations
the texture and feeling of our lives. Being free to
we think and feel gives us a sense of belonging, of
common purpose. And through sharing our history and
we derive a vision of our shared humanity.
and reveal
express what
community, of
experiences
arts empower us to express our feelings and imagination.
The humanities empower
The arts and humanities
in a time of renewal, we must call
we renew our values and beliefs through a shared search for our
common culture.
�draft 8/17/94
PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON
A PROCLAMATION
NATIONAL ARTS AND HUMANITIES MONTH
1994
Nothing is more essential to the American spirit of freedom
than our artistic and humanistic traditions. From generation to
generation, we pass along our id~as, values, and beliefs through
the rich culture that we share.
While we have no official American culture, nor even a
consensus on what defines our culture, we have a powerful
tradition of intellectual inquiry and artistic expression that
helps us discover our shared humanity.
order, civility .... ?
Through the power of our imaginations and the depth of our
feelings we convey not only our individual identities, but also
our common roots as Americans. The arts and humanities open our
minds and our hearts and teach us that, while we are different
from on another, we are at once the same.
Sadly, the threads that bind our culture today are becoming
frayed. Freedom, justice, tolerance, and order are no longer
xxxxxx.
greater responsibility to discuss, express ....
do more to ensure that we appreciate our similarities rather
than dwell on our differences
incivility .....
tested as our society becomes more complex.
No' matter how diverse our society becomes, each of us has a
responsibility to convey .....
Through the arts and humanities we can learn to appreciate
our similarities along with our differences. We can learn that we
all are part of the same whole, instead of succumbing to
political, religious, racial and ethnic divisions.
�The good news is that, even with the budget constraints we face, we made a
commitment to maintain the NEA's funding in the current budget cycle. Hopefully
we can do more in years to come.
What we can do now is renew our commitment to strengthening the arts as a
vital force in American life.
To that end, we are re-invigorating the President's Committee on the Arts and
Humanities. We are confident that through its new leadership, which comes from the
public, corporate and non-profit sectors, it will further enhance financial support for
our cultural life.
I don't view the arts as an isolated cause. The arts are a fundamental part of
our history and our culture. And in this Administration, support of the arts is part of
a broader social agenda that speaks to our very essence as Americans.
As we become an increasingly diverse society - and an increasingly complex
society - the arts can help us understand each other, honor our differences, and
appreciate the experiences and beliefs we share as Americans.
Each of us is born into a society that passes along its values through its
culture. And that's why the National Endowment for the Arts was established three
decades ago: To enliven creative expression and, in so doing, to foster a collective
sense of community and to make the arts more accessible to Americans of all walks
of life.
Since 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts has awarded over 100,000
grants for arts projects that touch every community in the nation. Through its grants,
the agency has helped communicate the creative expressions of an entire generation
to a broader public. The arts endowment also has helped energize community arts
centers, preserve our folk heritage, and advance the arts of design, literature, theater,
opera, music, and the visual and media arts.
Still, that's not enough. We want to do more to ensure that every American
has the opportunity to fully develop his or her creative spirit - and to make sure
that every American's life is enlivened by the emotions, expressions, and attitudes
that the arts convey.
That's why exposure to the arts must be a part of every child's schooling.
Whether a youngster grows up in a ghetto, on a farm, in a city or a suburb, the arts
are a vehicle for self-expression and for building self-esteem. The arts enable children
from all backgrounds to develop their individuality and to contribute positively to
the larger mosaic of American culture.
2
�As part of our Goals 2000 legislation, the arts will become a core subject in the
school curriculum, along with English, math, science, history, civics, geography, and
foreign languages.
And just last month, Education Secretary Richard Riley accepted guidelines for
school districts to set new standards for high school graduation that would require
students to have a working knowledge of dance, music, theater, and the visual arts,
and to develop some proficiency in at least one artistic form.
H we plan wisely today, our children will enjoy a life-long connection to the
arts, to our collective spirit, and to the never ending process of learning.
Throughout our history, the arts have mattered. And our dedication to the arts
today will shape our ciVilization tomorrow.
With your continued efforts, and with enhanced public and private
partnerships, we can maintain our great artistic institutions - our museums, theaters,
opera companies, dance companies, and performing arts centers - and we can also
encourage emerging artists and organizations who bring energy and fresh ideas to
our artistic traditions.
I assure you of the ongoing commitment and support of this Administration.
Your participation in the Art-21 conference is an historic first step in making
sure that the arts continue to blossom and flourish freely across our great nation.
Thank you for giving your time and energy to a such an important cause and one that holds so much promise for our citizens and our nation.
###
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Can we identify those values and commitments we need to share
if we are to be a successful society?
Is a belief in the
Constitution and our political system enough to hold us together
without violent friction between members of different groups? To
what extent can any inclusive national identity enlist our
loyalties if it does not squarely face the issue of social justice?
If equal opportunity is to be part of the American ideal, shouldn't
we talk about the extent to which it does not exist and how to
bridge the gap between ideal and reality?
There is not one of our considerable·number of social ills
that would not be considerably improved if each of us felt a sense
of responsibility for the whole.
I was in Savannah, Georgia, not
long ago visiting some NEH-funded projects, and I learned about an
oral history project that is reclaiming the past of a residential
community called Cuyler-Brownsville. One of the people interviewed
remembered his childhood in that neighborhood. His memory was that
it was the kind of place where 11 everybody' s momma could whip
everybody 1 s kid."
I can't think of· a better· definition of
community or of civic virtue than that.
Everyone looks out for
everyone else, feels responsible for everyone else.
It would be
utopian to aspire to the same level of community spirit on a
national
level,
of
course,
but
some
analogous
sense
of
identification with the whole is needed.
·
Two· things are required if each of us is to be willing to
subordinate our individual self-interests on occasion to the good
of the whole: we must feel a part of the whole, and we must see in
that whole some moral purpose that is greater than the individual.
Our problem is our inadequate awareness of what might be called the
sacred order that underlies the social order and is the source of
legitimate authority in the social order.
At an earlier defining moment in the nation's history, on the
eve of ·the outbreak of the civil War, Abraham Lincoln, speaking
between ·his election and his inauguration in Philadelphia in
Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution had been drafted, found the meaning of America in its
mission of being the exemplar for the world of the ideals of human
freedom and equality set forth in those great documents.
On that occasion, Lincoln said, "I have often ii).quired of
mys_elf, what great principle or idea it was that kept this [Union}
so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of
the colonies from the mother land; but hope to the world for all
future time.
It was that which gave promise that in due time the
weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and that
all ,should have an equal chance. 1'
It was not only about slavery
but about slavery as a violation of the principles of democracy and
the sanctity of the Union because with the Union rested the world's
hope for democracy.
4
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I
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i
NAi'IONAL ENOOWMENT F"OR THE HUMANITIES
WASHINGTON. D.C.
20!!06
FACSIMILE MESSAGE LEAD PAGE
TIME----
(INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
FROM:
TO:
~
NME ____
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(ZfJl,> {gO(#~ 1J J >{;
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�8UG-05-1994
12:28
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ITHE
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National Endowment
for the Humanities
1100 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. ~0506
A Federal Agency
2021606-$4;49
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANlTIES
agJ
The National
Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent
1
federal
ncy that supports research, education, preservation projects
and public programs in the humanities.
What Are t.e Humanities?
The aht that established the National Endowment fo.r the Humanities
says "The ~erm 'humanities' includes, but is not limite~ to, the study
of the fol.lowing: language, both modern and classical; linguistics;
·literature} history; jurisprudence; philosophy; archaeology; comparative
religion; ~thics; the history, criticism and theory of the arts; those
aspects oflsocial sciences which have humanistic conten~ and employ
humanisticimethods; and the study and application of the humanities to
the human bnvironment with particula~ attention to reflecting our
diverse he~itage, traditions, and history and to the relevance of the
humanitiesjto the current conditions of national life."
The Endowm~nt's Mission
Created by Congress under the National Foundation on the Arts and
the Humanities Act of l9b5, NEH provides grants to indiyiduals and
institutiohs for projects in the humanities. Grants support research
and educattonal opportunities for humanities professors, independent
scholars, ~nd elementary and secondary school teachers; the writing and
publishinglof scholarly texts; translations of important works in the
humanities~ and museum exhibitions, television and radio programs, and
other publ~c programs that offer examination of ideas and themes in the
humanities.
How NEH Is Administered
The Ebdowment is directed by a chairman, who is appointed by the
President ~nd confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a te·rm of four years.
Advising the chairman is a National Council of 26 distinguished private
citizens, ~lso presidentially appointed and confirmed by the U.S.
Senate, whp serve staggered six-year terms.
I
Sheldon Hackney is the chairman of the National Endowment for the
Humanitiesj. He was sworn into office on August 4, 1993.
Competitioh and the Review Process
'I
N~H ~rants are awarded on. a competitive basis.
In the most
recently c~mpleted fiscal year, the Endowmen~ funded apout one out of
every five· applications received. Funding decisions are made on the
basis of the application's merit and the significance of the project.
------------------------------------------------------~--~~------~-- --~-
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NBH Facts
Page 2
Each application is assessed by knowledgeable persons outside the
E~do~m7nt rho are asked for thei: judgments about the quality and
s~gn1f1cance of the proposed proJeCts.
About 1,200 scholars,
profession~ls in the humanities a~~ other experts·servd on approximately
250 panels! throughout the course of a year.
Panelists !represent a
diversity bf disciplinary, institutional, regional and cultural
backgrounds.
In some programs the judgment of panelis~s is supplemented
by individpal reviews from specialists who have extens~ve knowledge of
the specif~c area or technical aspects of the application under review.
The ldvice of evaluators is assembled by the staff of the
Endowment, who comment on matters of fact or on signif~cant issues that
would othe wise be missing from the review. These materials are then
presented o the National Council on the Humanities, which meets four
times a ye r to advise the chairman. The chairman takes into account
the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes the final
decision
out funding.
The Endo
ent's Programs
'
NEH ~wards grants through six divisions -- Education Programs,
Fellowshi~s and Seminars, Preservation and Access, Pubiic Programs,
Research rograms and State Programs.
I
From its creation in 1965 through the end of Fiscal Year 1993, the
Endowment awarded approximately $2.6 billion for nearly 50,000
fellowshi s and grants. Some of these grants have reqUired one-to-one
matching · unds from private-sector donors and have been matched by more
than $293 !million in nonfederal contributions. Grants;made by the NEH
Challenge· Grants Program, requiring $3 or $4 in matching funds for each
federal dqllar, have generated nearly $1 billion in nonfederal support
for America's libraries, colleges, museums and other e~igible humanities
instituti4ns since the program·began in 1977.
Jefferson !Lecture and Charles Frankel Prb::e
I
.
In 1972 NEH established the Jefferson Lecture 'in ~he Humanities,
the highe~t honor the federal government bestows for d~stinguished
intellect·ual and public achievement in the humanities_: The 23rd
JeffersoniLecturer will be poet and novelist Gwendolyn: Brooks. She will
deliver h$r lecture on May 4, 1994, in Washington, D.C.., and on May 11,
1994, in ~hicago.
I
I
.
In 1988 NEH established the Charles Frankel Priz~ to recognize
persons f~r outstanding contributions to the public's ~nderstanding of
the humanities. The 1993 winners of the award are Ricardo E. Alegria,
John Hope/Franklin, Hanna Holborn Gray, Andrew Heiskel1 and Laurel
Thatcher .Wlrich.
# #·# #
Office of Media Relations
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0
NEH-AT-A-GLANCE
~'
FY 1995 (request) " $177.491 million (same as
FY·0-994)
I
~
' udget buying power peaked in FY 1979, down: 42% since
hen; FY 1995 request approximates the $54.3 million
I
ppropriation for FY 1974.
i
~EH
budget is only 7.5% of the National Science Foundation
1($2 .349 billion)
0
AdJlnistrati~
Qydget, $21.639 million
1$662 thousand increase over FY 1994--largely for items
beyond our control:
$330 thousand - pay raises
I
1
'I
$69 thousand - rent increase
$50
EA
thousand - more panels ·
admin. budget is $3.6 million higher than NEH
EA admin percent = 14.8%; NEH adrnin. percent 0
12.2%
NEJ historical figures since FY 1966:
I
1
I
180 thousand applications
50 thousand grants
$2.8 billion total appropriations
billion program funds:; $250 million
administration funds)
·
($2. 6
I
!
i
gifts generated by NEH: $1.3 billion
$1 billion Challenge; $300 million
regular matching
'
i
0
NEH staffing: 262 FTE in FY 1995
I
I
llreduction of 9 FTE since end of FY 1992 (would have been
11 but OMB added 2 for PCAH)
I
1
total reduction of 34 FTE--11.5 percent--since FY 1979
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I
II
i
, I
I
I
I
I
·I
-- :fEH
!
.i
.,
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NEH-AT-A~GLANCE
page 2
staff versus federal government-wide stats:
* minority:
*
NEH 34%; gov't-wide 26%
African American: NEH 29%; gov't~wide 16%
women: NEH 66%; gov't-wide 49%
Admln.
budget has more than doubled since FY 1979 but largely
beypnd our control:
I
. rent from $495 thousand to $2 .1 million (up: .326 percent)
I
~ from $5.1 million to $11.8 million--tor: fewer people
I
personnel benefits from $528 thousand to $2.9 million :igain for few~~ p~ople
o
I
Applications
i
rbout 9,000 per year (last 2 years were NEH· record totals)
i
jpprove about 1,800-1,900 yearly
FY 1993 funding success ratio equaled
decline in a row
19.7%~-sixth
year of
.I
~proved applications only receive about 38% of funds
·;requested
. I
I
.
·!<state humanities councils overall regrant approval rate
~n 1993 was 79%, up from 73% in 1988-~while; we're going
:pown, they're going up)
1
Chairman overturns of Council minimal: only: about .1%
·since Mr. Hackney became Chairman
I
.I
~y
1994 to date: only 7 overturn out of almost 6,000
approvals of Council rejections
~pplications--all
I
I
~ouncil/Chairman agree almost 99.9% of the time .
.iI
I
i
!
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NEH-AT-A-GLANCE page 3
0
Eme:J:.gency Grants up in FY 1993 because of dis~ster relief,
but.! still only 110 grants for $1.4 million; Ch~irman has
autl!Lority to award about $13 million
Panlls
I
~bout 200 panels per year wi.th about 1_, 100 panelists
f3 panelists served more than once in FY
l
(only
19~3)
.
Good geographic distribution of panelists: trom all 50
states and D.C. in FY 1993
..
I
~anelists receive only $200 honorarium, plus air fare and
I
d'~em
]per
~e
also use over 5,000 reviewers annually--and they're
Jree
lji'BH computerized panelist "Rolodex"--PRISM-+contains
io,ooo prospective panelists and reviewers ·
I
i
I
0
I
.
Preservat1on
I
-
~udget up 412% since FY 1988 (State increase is second at
f2. 4%-)
~rittle
book microfilming is on track: In 1989 we
estimated filming by FY 1993 of 583 thousand volumes; we
tid'S74 thousand volumes.
0
Libraries
I
I
iibraries receive support throughout all NES divisions,
*ot just in the Libraries and Archives program in the
fublic Programs division.
t
!
In FY 1993, projects relating to or involving libraries
totalled 140 grants and $20.7 million.
I
t
53 of these grants totalling $9.9 million were awarded
directly to libraries.
*
In the last three calendar years, the st~te humanities
councils made over 1,800 awards to libraries totalling
nearly $2.3 million.
I
OPB
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H:~docs\memos
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_,
NEH PROGRAMS THAT BENEFIT YOUNG PEOPLE
o
In FY 1993, the Endowment awarded 309 grants totalling
$18:3 million for programs that will ben!efit elementary
and secondary education and support humanities programs
for young people on television and in muiseums,
libraries, and theaters.
o
NEH support for programs that will benefiit school-aged
young people in grades K-12 included:
·
$8.0 million awarded in the Elementary and
Secondary Education program for study
opportunities for teachers, including summer
institutes, masterwork study projec[ts, and schoolcollege collaboratives.
·
$2.1 million awarded in the Foreign! Language
Education program for summer institutes and
curricular projects.
·
$449,592 in Teacher-Scholar grants ~hat support an
academic year of independent study in the
humanities for outstanding teachers! selected in a
national competition.
$5.1 million awarded in t.he Summer Seminars for
Teachers program that will support ~-6 weeks of
collegial ~tudy focused on significant humanities
texts and directed by accomplished :scholars.
$146,000 awarded to outstanding high school
students by the Younger Scholar program that will
support 9-week research and writing' projects
during the summer.
$523,613 awarded in the Public Prog~ams division
for television, museum, library, and theater
programs designed especially for young audiences.
$1.1 million in Challenge Grants to: support the
long-term needs of institutions tha~ provide
education programs for teachers and students or
that provide public programs for the young.
$450,633 in Emergency Grants to ele~entary and
secondary schools in Florida and Hawaii to repair
damage to library collections and f~cilities
caused by the recent hurricanes.
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NEH ·PROGRA!'IIS THAT BENEFIT YOUNG PEOPLE cbnt' d
$395,933 in the State Programs division for
Exemplary Awards that will support ~eacher
institutes sponsored by the state humanities
councils.
(Many more regrant projects for
teachers, not shown here, were suppbrted by the
councils from their NEH base awards:. }
OPB
4/22/94
IL \9Scongbk\fs
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
003. draft
SUBJECT!fiTLE
DATE
Personal (2 pages)
8/11/1994
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Speechwriting
OA!Box Number: 8169
FOLDER TITLE:
Arts & Humanities 9-21-94
2012-1 004-S
ms522
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.C. 552(b)l
Pl
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information l(b)(l) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute l(b)(3) of the FOIA)
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information l(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes l(b)(7) of the FOIAI
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIAI
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIAI
National Security Classified Information l(a)(l) of the PRAl
Relating to the appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRAl
Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAI
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information l(a)(4) of the PRAl
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�RUG-05-1994
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~
nseyond the Culture Warsn
by Sheldon Haclaley
National Endowment for the Bum.S.ni.ties
National PresP Club
!
November 10, 1993
What we think about ourselves, what we see a$ admirable
behavibr, what· we think it means to be human, what we recognize
as the, !human ·condition, what we learn from human ~xperience and
human ~bought, what we accept as the purpose of l~fe, what we
define·jas a just society, what we decide we owe t~ each other,
what we understand as the way the world works are;not simply
matter~ of idle curiosity but fundamental determinants of our
existerice. The humanities matter. They are important to
everyon!e.
:!
T~ey are so important that the federal government needs to
foster !their development and insure their broad ayailability.
That is~ the genius of the vision of Senator Claiborne Pell and
Senate~ Jacob Javits and Senator Edward Kennedy and President
Lyndon iJohnson and the other founders of the National Endowment
for the! Humanities in 1965, and it has been the inspiration of
the nurjturers of that vis.ion in the succeeding twenty-eight
years.'i What we think determines what we do, and what we think
{even about the values we hold dear) will be enormously improved
if it ils informed by knowledge and disciplined thought by the
study o)f History and Philosophy and Literi;iture and Religion.
'
'
Thfit is what Maya Angelou had in mind in her inaugural poem
last Jainuary when she rephrased George Santayana: :"History,
despite! its wrenching pain,/ Cannot be unlived, bdt if faced/
With co~rage, need not be lived again.n The same 'theme was
struck py President Clinton in his dedication of the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum in April. After enumerating
some of! the evil forces loose in the world that threaten
·
civiliz~~ion with brutality just as the Nazis once did, the
Presidept exhorted us all to be vigilant against the falsifiers
of histpry, "With them we must all compete for the interpretation
and the preservation of history, of what we know and how we
should behave. 1'
1
I begin with these powerful sentiments because I believe
that I am joining a distinguished tradition at the NEH at a
particularly critical juncture in the nation's his·tory when the
benefit~ of the humanities are especially 1mp6rtarit.
Let me
explain.
Last week (November 3, 1993} Mark Shields in pis newspaper
column ~eminded us of the current cynicism of the ~merican
public;[ or more precisely the lack of confidence that the public
has in the national government to handle our domestic problems
adequately. One can think of a lot of reasons for the public to
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be in an anxious mood these days, but as Mr. Shields points out,
the decline in public confidence began more than tw9 decades ago,
sometime :in the 1960s.
My own understanding of this worrisome phenomenon is helped
by realizing that it is not simply the national government that
has slipped in the estimation of the American public, but that
public confidence in all American institutions has declined. I
used to ti.ake a smidgeon of perverse pleasure as a university
president in the fact that universities ranked high~r in the
public,s~estimation than our chief tormentors, the Congress and
the pres.$, but the grim truth is that levels· of confidence in the
institutions of American life rise and fall together, and the
secular ~rend line for more than the last two decades has been
down.
Just before the election (October 31, 1993 in the Washington
Kevin Phillips wrote about voter hosLility towards elites
of all kinds, about popular opposition to NAFTA as being a matter
of suspicious locals versus arrogant globals who are out of touch
with mai~stream America, and about ethnic and racial tensions
throughout the country. The off-year elections confirmed this
diagnosis of anger and volatility in the public mood.
~ost),
Why;the cynicism? Why the insecurity? Why the alienation?
The short answer is that the new geopolitical forces of the still
evolvingi 11 new world order," and the newly visible economic forces
of the global marketplace are battering a society whose bonds of
social cohesion have been loosening for a quarter of a century or
more. .This is not the place to try to explain in detail the
fundamental economic, demographic and social forces· that have an
atomizing effect on society, but they are real and ~hey have been
acting over a long period of time. In addition, the basic
confidence and optimism thought to be embedded in American
national;character were dealt severe blows in the early 1970s by
the loss:of the war in Vietnam, the disgrace of the presidency in
the Watetgate scandal, .and the economic shock of the Arab oil
embargo ~hich was perhaps the first painful message that our
economy was vulnerable to developments and decisions in the world
economy over which we had no control.
Into this condition of attenuated solidarity, "the politics
of difference" have introduced another lever of fragmentation.
During the turbulent decade of the 1960s, almost all the values
and verities of middle-class life were challenged by the
counterculture, leaving the domain of values a contested
territory. The cultural consensus of the 1950s was destroyed in
the proc~ss, and we have not yet fully developed a new consensus.
In addition, the successful civil rights movem:ent provided a
paradigm of progress through protest. Movements on behalf of
other groups Lhat had been excluded from full participation in
2
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Americai;J. life (women, gays and lesbians, the handicapped, native
Americans,. Latinos, and to some extent· Asian Americans) adopted
that pa::r;adigm.
.
Th~n,
.
.
'the collapse of the Soviet system, whil~ lifting our
spirits:in hopes for the spreaq of human freedom, has also
unleashed pent up ancient animosities. Around the:globe we see
conflict and violence sowing misery along the fault lines of
rac·e, religion, language and ethnicity -- just the sorts of
divisioi,ls being brought to our attention by the politics of
differe~ce and by the increasing cultural diversity of our
population. As the insecur~ties of a rapidly changing world are
luring 'Americans and others into clutching and rea~serting their
parochi~l identities, Americans must wonder if Bosnia and
Azerbaijan are previews of our future.
several weeks ago (October 17, 1993) The New York Times
a feature article by William Grimes enti~led "Have a
#%!&$! Day" about the rising tide of incivility engulfing the
country~
From Howard Stern to Beavis and Butthead, we are
assault~d daily by countless acts of public rudeness.
Among the
cultural roots .of this phenomenon, Mr. Grimes focu~es on cultural
diversit;.y. 11 New Yorkers have never been terribly civil, 11 he
quotes a professor of the humanities at Cooper Uni9n as saying,
"but it:never had an ideological edge, which it now has." Mr.
Grimes goes on to quote the same professor approvihgly in his
critiqu$ of the "new tribalism 11 : "If we have fundat;nentally
different values and assumptions, there's no reason to believe we
can tra~scend them in the political arena. .
M~lticulturalism
argues that persuasion is irrelevant."
'
publish~d
Small wonder that reasonable voices have late~y been saying
that we:have been paying too much attention to .our differences
and not:enough attention to the things that hold us together.
From the other direction, however, we continue to hear assertions
of what,Ch~rles Taylor refers to as rithe politics of
recognition," the notion that there are still disadvantaged
groups in America whose membe~s will never feel equal or really
part of.America until their group is recognized in.some way as
being legitimate and equal. There is truth in both of these
positiorts.
We,find ourselves caught in a dilemma. All of our legal
rights are universal in nature and apply equally to all citizens
as individuals. Yet, we know that racial, ethnic, .gender·and
religious discrimination exists, and that group identities are
real factors in our lives. Ethnic politics has been a staple on
the Ame~ican political scene for more than a hundred years and is
still very much present in our system. The dilemma is that our
legal rights are for individuals, but our politics are for
groups.
3
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That this is more than an academic argument is clear if one
recalls the hand-to-hand combat of school board battles involving
such iss~es as bilingual education or Afrocentric curricula, the
dispute 6ver the literary canon at the college level, or the
court de¢isions seeking to remedy past patterns of discrimination
in voting rights cases by requiring redistricting or changes in
the form!of local government so as to guarantee the minority
community representation on the legislative body. In each of
these cases, and others you can probably think of. public
authorities are being asked to confer some sort of official
status on a particular cultural group. Large parts of the public
sense that this form of particularism is a·· problem in a system
based on:universal values of individual rights. Simply saying
that everyone must respect everyone else's ethnic identity
therefor~ does not solve the problem.
.
;
I
Yet, a solution must be found if we are to recapture a
confident sense of shared values that will let us then deal with
divisive :public policy issues.with a common goal in mind. What is
needed ~n our country is nothing short of a national conversation
about this difficult and troubling dilemma. All of our people left, right and center- have a responsibility·to examine and
discuss what unites us as a country, about what we share as
common ~erican values in a nation comprised of so many divergent
groups and beliefs. For too long, we have let that which divides
us captuie the headlines. current public debate is little more
than pos~uring. Bombarded by slogans and epithets, ·points and
counterpqints, our thoughts aie polarized in the rapid-fire
exchange Jof sound bites. In this kind of argument. one is either
right or !wrong, for them or against them, a winner or a loser.
Real answers are the casualties of such drive-by debates.
In this kind of discussion, there is no room for complexity and
ambiguity. There is no room in the middle. Only the opposite
poles ar~ given voice. This may be good entertainment, but it is
a.d~s~er~ice to the Amer~can people. It only reinforces lines of
d~v1s~on :and does not bu~ld toward agreement.
I want to change
the rules! of engagement for this national conversation.
This\ is to be a national conversation open to all Americans,
a convers!at.ion in which all voices need to be heard :and in which
we must grapple seriously with the meaning of American pluralism.
It is a c'onversation that is desperately needed. and I believe
the National Endowment for the Humanities can stimulate and
facilitate the discussion. The NEH will not bring answers, but
we will bring questions.
To be sure, the NEH has other important tasks. As the
single most important source of support for the humanities in
American life, receiving approximately 9,000 applications per
year and dispensing $150 million in abou.t 2,000 grants, we have a
major role to play in assisting in the creation of new knowledge,
translating knowledge in the humanities into educational
4
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experiepces both formal and informal, and in extending the reach
of hum~nities programs to embrace many more Americans so that
they may benefit from the transforming power of the humanities in
their everyday lives.
We! will. continue to support individual schola~s both in the
academyi and outside; we will continue to bring high school and
collegeJ teachers together on university campuses for summer
seminars that refresh and reinvigorate them; we will continue to
support: programs in museums and libraries and archives where our
cultural heritage is preserved, used for public programs, an~
made available for study; we will continue to fund excellent
program~ through the mass media, such as Ken Burns' documentary
on the Civil War and Henry Hampton's series on the Great
Depressi:i.on; and we will work with renewed enthusiasm with state
humanities councils to enlist more Americans in h~manities·
activities, be it reading and discussion groups or chautauqua or
communities recording and telling their own· story, connecting
individhals and groups with the broader context of human
experience so that they become the subjects of history rather
than its objects.
With some of our time and energy, however, and a little bit
of our money, we will conduct a national conversation. I have
been pl¢ased to discover that numerous programs sponsored by
state hi!manities councils have already started people talking to
each other about who we are as a nation and what holds us
together. The projects have taken many forms: small town
residenF-s and farmers gathering under chautauqua t,ents in. North
Dakota or Wyoming exploring American democracy and the ideas of
Thomas crefferson; citi~ens in Florida meeting to explore "The
Search ~9r the Common Good," Californians reading and discussing
serious! essays on the topic of "Longing for Community: Dream or
Nightmare''; or hundreds of Iowans meeting to explore religious
pluralism in a program called "Faith and Politics: America·n
Plurali:sm, Can We Live Together?"
I
I ~m encouraging the Federation of State Humanities Councils
and the: individual state councils to intensify their pursuit of
the ~he~e and to explore it in programs of their own devising. I
will set aside a modest but significant amount of money for an
Endowme~t-wide initiative that can respond to com~etitive
propos~ls from around the country -- from state cquncilsl from
librarijes, museums and archives, from schools, colleges and
.univer~ities, from centers and institutes.
I am also delightfully aware that a number of scholars from
various, disciplines and many different points of view have been
thinkin,g and writing about the subje.ct of this national
conversation over the past two or three years. The MacArthur
Foundat'ion has agreed to be an early partner in this enterprise
bJ; bringing together a group of t.hese already engaged scholars to
5
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talk to each other. Out of that small discussion, and others
that are already going on at the local level, we will gain some
insights into different aspects of the subject, into how to
phrase the questions productively, into what sorts of materials
stirnulat~ the most fruitful discussions, and into the range of
possible:answers. I imagine that, after some experience, we will
be able to conduct this conversation through mass ~dia formats.
This is an exciting undertaking for the NEH and for the country.
own
notion of the meaning o.f American pluralism is still
and in any case is certainly not prescriptive, yet it
might help for me to sketch some elements of it here. My answer
has as its preface a belief that there is an American identity
that is different from the identities of any one of the ethnic
groups that comprise the American population, that is inclusive
of all of them, and that is available to everyone who is
AmericanL It is an identity that has been shaped by the
buffeting and melding of individuals and groups in North America
over the, last three hundred years.
My
evolving~
I b$lieve that the most important thing that we share as
is a belief in our political system, in the values that
are ensh~ined in the Constitution, and in the open democratic
system f~r determining who makes and enforces the laws, and that
the laws should be consistent with those principles.
American~
Further, in the land of oppor~unity, we believe in equal
economic' opportunity for individuals. We know that. we do not
provide perfect equality of opportunity, but it is an ideal that
~e hold dear, and we have hiseorically provided enough
opportunity to keep individual hope alive and to ma~ntain faith
in the i<ileal.
!
We also have a history that belongs to all Americans,
whenever'their ancestors happened to have migrated to these
shores. That history is a proud one, but it has some dark spots,
and we must come to terms with those imperfections as well as the
glories. I am a white southern male, but I claim as part of my
own story the experiences of Italians and Irish and· Jews coming
into America through Ellis Island in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth century, and the experiences of African Americans
who live~ in the South with my ancestors and saw it from their
own point of view, or more recently the experiences of South
Asians and Latinos. My story should be theirs as well, and we
all possess together the national story, the resultant of many
different vectors, the story of our being able to find solutions,
to rise to historical challenges, and find ways to transform
·particular interests into the national interest.
_ Beyond these fundamental building blocks, there are certain
precepts that might help us as we go through the discussion of
what it means to be American. The traditional way of handling
6
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vv
Remarks at Vanderbilt University
by Sheldon Hackney
Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities
·Nashville, Tennessee
Mareh 30, 1994
Wh~ does it matter who we think we are, either individually or
·collectively? What difference does it make whac image of America
is shared by its citizens? The'idea of America, though always more
rooted in aspiration than reality, has pulled this experiment in
democracy forward from the first toward its dream of Hliberty and·
justice for'all." That dream, the same one Martin Luther King Jr.
spoke so eloquently about at the Lincoln Memorial during the March
on Washington in 1963, has powered one of the noble stories of
' America, 1 the sto-ry of the expansion of the promise of American life
to embrace increasing proportions of its citizens.
The idea is
tutor to the act.
·
A.rdhibald MacLeish, in an essay published in 19:49 as a warning
against the mounting hysteria of anti-communism, wrote, "The soul
of a people is the image it cherishes of itself; the aspect in
which it sees itself against its past; the attributes to which its
future conduct must respond. To destroy that image is to destroy,·
in a very real sense, the identity of the nation, for to destroy
the image is to destroy the means by which the nation recognizes
what it is and what it has to do. But the image a people holds of
itself is created not by words alone or myths but by its actions.
Unless the actions are appropriate to the image,· the image is
blurred~i
If the actions deny the image, the imag~ is destroyed.
A. people who have been real to themselves because they were
for something cannot continue to be real to themselves when they
find the!y are merely against something."
The question I raise today is not so much about actions that
are inconsistent with our image of ourselves as about what we are
going to be for now that we don't have 11 the evil empire" to be
against? Do we have a clear and an adequate image of ourselves in
the post-cold-war world, given all the threats to political
stability and human welfare both foreign and domestic, given the
dangerous fragmentation of a world in which the closeness ·imposed
by modern communications and the global economy has reemphasized
the diff~rences within the human family? What is the United States
going to be for in the 21st century?
What picture of an ideal
America is going to inform our struggles with current problems?
What notion of shared commitment, mutual obligations, civic
virtues, will help us come together to solve common problems?
Writing a few days ago in The New York Times (March 27, 1994),
Henry Lo.uis Gates Jr. of Harvard University put the challenge of
Minister Louis Farrakhan and his hate-mongering disciple, Khalid
Abdul Muhammad, in perspective by quoting Rabbi Yaacov Perrin's
eulogy for Dr. Baruch Goldstein, the man who massacred worshipping
�RUG-05-1994
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Palestinian Muslims in Hebron:
Jewish fingernail."
94565709
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"One million Arabs are not worth a
"But we have heard this voice before," Gates writes.
"It is
the voice of messianic hatred. We hear it from the Balkans to the
Bantustans; we hear it from Hezbollah and from Kach. We hear it in
the streets of Bensonhurst. And, of course, we hear it from some
who profess to be addressing the misery of black America. 1'
Professor Gates goes on to connect these and other examples of
murderous utopianism to the weaknesses of liberalism and to less
lethal forms of what he calls identity politics.
"There has been much talk about the politics of identity, 11
Gates writes, "a politics that has a collective identity at its
core. One is to assert oneself in the political arena as a woman,
a homosexual, a Jew
a person of color.
The politics of
identity starts with the assertion of a collective allegiance. It
says:
This is who we are, make room for us, accommodate our
special needs, confer recognition upon whac is distinctive about
us.
It is about the priority of difference, and while it is not,
by itself, undesirable, it is, by itself, dangerously inadequate. 11
I
Glancing around our nation now does not give one much
reassurance. Not only does Khalid Abdul Muhammad of the Nation of
Islam travel from campus to campus spewing bigotry and leaving
divisive squabbles in his wake; but a few weeks ago the National
Conference of Christians and Jews released the results of a survey
of race relations commissioned by them and done by Lou Harris. The
results revealed, perhaps unsurprisingly,
that. among AngloAmericans, African Americans, Asian Americans,
and Hispanic
American$, disturbingly high percentages of each group held
negative stereotypes of each of the other groups. So much for the
myth of 11 the new majority, 11 the idea that people of color are
united against Euro-Americans. No wonder the village square these
days is full of sound and fury.
As effective as the politics of difference have been in
bringing previously excluded groups into the mainstream of American
life (one might, in fact, say because the politics of difference
have been so effective in giving formerly silent groups access to
the national public address system) , rancorous debates are
increasingly occupying our attention.
Take for example the angry debates in state legislatures
around bills to make English the official language of the state, an
act that is primarily symbolic and is emotionally resisted for that
very same reason (19 states have such laws; Maryland just turned
down an 11 official English 11 bill).
The growing debate over
immigration policy will be no less clamorous. From South Central
Los Angeles to Crown Heights
from Libertyville to the recent
assassination on the Brooklyn Bridge, tensions among racial and
ethnic groups in the United States are in volatile condition.
I
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That this is more than academic is clear if one recalls the
combat within school boards involving such issues as
bilingual education and Afrocentric curricula, the dispute over the
literary canon at the college level, or the court decisions seeking
to remedy past patterns of discrimination in voting rights cases by
requiring redistricting or changes in the form of local government
so as to guarantee the minority community representation in the
legislative body.
In most of these cases, and others you can
probably think of, public authorities are being a~ked to confer
some sort of official status on a particular cultural group. Large
parts of the public sense that this form of particularism is a
problem in a system based on universal values of individual rights.
Simply saying that everyone must respect everyone else's ethnic
identity therefore does not solve the problem.
hand-to~hand
Furthermore, how is one to embrace cultural equality when one
is aware of so many practices one does not admire:
polygamy,
genital. mutilation, the subordination of women in various other
ways, the rejection of life-saving science, authoritarian social
structures, ethnocentric and racist beliefs, etc.
On what
occasions and in what circumstances should th~ practices of
cultura~
minorities give way to the general society's rules,
regulations and expectations?
At the same time, how can an
inclusive American identity be defined so as not to obliterate the
particular cultural identities that make America's diversity so
enriching? These are complex matters that require careful thought.
America, of course, has always been diverse and its diversity
has always been problematic, which is the reason for our motto, 11 E
Pluribu~ Unum. 11
We take pride in the fact that our nation rests
upon a commitment to individual equality and democracy rather than
upon ~thnicity, but we worry about cohesion, and we bounce back and
forth along the continuum between the assimilation impl .ied by the
"melting pot 11 myth and the persistence of pre-American cultural
identities assumed by the metaphor of the national quilt or the
mosaic.
What is our image of the America of the 21st century? What
kind of America do we wish to be? Is America to become, as Arjun
Appadurai worries (Public Culture, Spring, 1993), a collection of
exiled groups whose members have loyalties only to their own group
or perhaps to the homeland rather than to the United States? Are
we to be a nation of exiles rather than a nation of immigrants?
Should :our image be of an undifferentiated America of 11 melting pot ·•
individuals without any hyphenated identity? Can it be an America
of shared values and commitments that nonetheless retains the
modulation of cultural differences, an America in which we are all
American AND something else? Can we define what Henry Louis Gates
calls "humanism," which starts not with a particular identity 11 but
with the capacity to identify with. It asks what we have in common
with others, while acknowledging the diversity among ourselves. It
is about the promise of shared humanity."
3
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Can we identify those values and commitments we need to share
if we .are to be· a successful society?
Is a belief in the
Constitution and our political system enough to hold us together
without violent friction between members of different groups? To
what extent can any inclusive national identity enlist our
loyalties if it does not squarely face the issue of social justice?
If equal opportunity is to be part of the American ideal, shouldn't
we talk about the extent to which it does not exist and how to
bridge the gap between ideal and reality?
There is not one of our considerable·· number of social ills
that would not be considerably improved if each of us felt a sense
of responsibility for the whole.
I was in Savannah, Georgia, not
long ago visiting some NEH-funded projects, and I learned about an
oral history project that is reclaiming the past of a residential
community called Cuyler-Brownsville. One of the people interviewed
remembered his childhood in that neighborhood. His memory was that
it was the kind of place where "everybody's momma could whip
everybody's kid."
I can't think of· a better definition of
community or of civic virtue than that.
Everyone looks out for
everyone else, feels responsible for everyone else.
It would be
utopian to aspire to the same level of community spirit on a
national
level,
of
course,
but
some
analogous
sense
of
identification with the whole is needed.
Two things are required if each of us is to be willing to
subordinate our individual self-interests on occasion to the good
of the whole: we must feel a part of the whole, and we must see in
that whole some moral purpose that is greater than the individual.
Our problem is our inadequate awareness of what might be called the
.. sacred order that underlies the social order and is the source of
legitimate authority in the social order.
At an earlier defining moment in the nation's history, on the
eve of the outbreak of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, speaking
between his election and his inauguration in Ph:iladelphia in
Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence a'nd the
Constitution had been drafted, found the meaning of America in its
mission of being the exemplar for the world of the ideals of human
freedom and equality set forth in those great documents.
On t:.hat occasion, Lincoln said, "I have often i:r;1quired of
myself, what great principle or idea it was that kept this [Union]
so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of
the colonies from the mother land; but hope to the world for all
. future time.
It was that which gave promise that in due time the
• weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and that
· all should have an equal chance. 1'
It was not only about slavery
· but about slavery as a violation of the principles of democracy and
·the sanctity of the Union because with the Union rested the world's
·hope for democracy.
4
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The Civil War thus became a test of whether democracy, with
its protnise of liberty and equality, could survive, whether the
last best hope on earth could endure. Returning to this theme two
and a half brutal years later at the dedication of the military
cemetery in Gettysburg, Lincoln declared that defending the Union
was worth the sacrifices exacted by that terrible struggle because
the sacrifices made possible "a new birth of freedom."
The challenge of our time is to revitalize our civic life in
order to realize a new birth of freedom. All of our people--left,
right and center- -have a responsibility to examine and discuss what
unites 4s as a country, about what we share as common American
values ;in a nation comprised of so many di vergemt groups and
beliefs:
For too long, we have let what divides us capture the
headlin~s and sound bites, polarizing us rather than bringing us
together.
The conversation that I envision will not be easy.
Co~nel
West, for instance, writes that 11 Confused citizens now oscillate
between tragic resignation and vigorous attempts to hold at bay
their feelings of impotence and powerlessness.
Public life seems
barren and vacuous.
And gallant efforts to reconstruct publicmindedn~ss in a Balkanized society of proliferating identities and
constituencies seem farfetched, if not futile.
Even the very art.
of publi:c conversation--the precious activity of com"(nunicating with
fellow citizens in a spirit of mutual respect and civility--appears
to fade amid the backdrop of name-calling and finger-pointing in
flat sound bites.''
Despite the difficulties, the conversation must proceed. The
objectives are too important to abandon.
What I envision is a
national conversation open to all Americans, a conversation in
which all voices need to be heard and in which we mu.st struggle
seriously to define the meaning of American pluralism.
It is a
conversation that is desperately needed, and the National Endowment
for the Humanities is in the process of encouraging that
convers~tion"through a special program of grants, through a film
intended for national broadcast on television but which will also
be repa~kaged for use in the nation's classrooms, through the
ongoing :activities of the state humanities councils, and through
creative partnerships with organizations throughout the country
that can help to stimulate and facilitate the discussion among
citizens from all walks of life.
This will be a risky enterprise, because the NEH comes only
with
questions- -not
answers.
The
outcome
1.s
therefore
unpredictable, contingent as it is on the course of the discussion
and on what we learn from each other as we talk.
However large the challenge, I believe we must reconstruct
public-mindedness in America.
Without a sense of shared values,
individuals are not willing to subordinate personal self-interest
s
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to ~he common good. Our first step out of the moral nihilism of
our public and private lives is to define our common identity and
to find in it a moral purpose that is worthy of our loyalty.
Fortunately, there is some evidence of the continuing power of
the idea of America that has moved generations of our people to
sacrifice in order to build a better life not just for themselves
and people like themselves but for others, has called forth the
best in Americans in national crises, that has enlarged our sense
of ourselves so that we more nearly approximate the universal
ideals set forth in our founding document.
When the American
Jewish Committee wanted to rally public support against the sort of
intolerance being preached by the Nation of Islam, .it called upon
familiar rhetoric that reveals a particular conception of America
and its civic values.
"We are Americans, whose diversity of faith, ethnicity and
race unites us in a common campaign against bigotry," read the copy
of the advertisement that ran in The New York Times (February 28,
1994) over an impressive and diverse array of leaders.
"We are Americans, who know the rights and dignity of all of
us are jeopardized when those of any of us are challenged.
"We are Americans, who reject . the ugly slanders of the
hatemongers seeking to lift up:some Americans by reviling others.
We are Americans, born or drawn to this land, children of
immigrants, refugees, natives and slaves, whose work together
honors the history of the civil rights struggle and makes it live,
for all Americans.
11
"In recent weeks, leaders of the Nation of Islam have gained
wide attention for their verbal attacks on whites, women, Jews,
Catholics, Arabs, gays, and African Americans who criticize their
persistently divisive message.
We, the undersigned, believe the best response'we can give to
those who teach hate is to join our voices, as we have so often
joined forces, in a better message--of faith in each other, of
shared devotion to American's highest ideals of freedom and
equality.
11
'''We must learn to live together as brothers,' the Reverend
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, 'or we will all perish together as
fools.
That is the challenge of the hour.'
"Together, we strive to meet that challenge. For with all our
differences, we are indeed united, as Americans ...
6
J
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A NATIONAL CONVERSATION
AMERICAN PLURALISM AND IDENTITY
MISSION STATEMENT
The National Endowment for the Humanities seeks to engage Americans
in a conversation, informed by the humanities, about the nature of
American pluralism and identity.
Through a bro?-d variety of
formats--television and radio programs, town meetings, museum
exhibitions, and discussion programs--Americans will talk about
such questions as: What do Americans have in common? What values
do we share? What does it mean to be an American? NEH seeks to
create a public space where conversation can flourish.
GOALS
l.
'To increase significantly the number of Americans who
participate in the humanities and who are aware of the value and
significance of the humanities.
2.
To encourage conversations among and between different
ethnic, racial and cultural groups about American pluralism and
identity.
3.
To establish public spaces, sustained opportunities for
Americans to engage in civil conversations about questions at the
heart of our democratic society.
'---·
---~--
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NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES
NATIONAL CONVERSATION ON AMERICAN
PLURALISM AND IDENTITY
All Americans participate in defining America, a nation
always in the process of becoming. NEH Chairman Sheldon Hackney
has called for a national conversation in which Americans
"examine and discuss what unites us as a country, what we share
as common American values in a nation comprised of so many
divergent groups and beliefs ... This is to be a national
conversation open to all Americans, a conversation in which all
voices need to be heard and in which we must grapple seriously
with the meaning of American pluralism and American identity. 11
This conversation will take many forms, though, it will
feature face-co-face conversations. Films, museum exhibitions,
seminars, classroom study units are effective approaches.
The
Endowment will fund many projects directly but hopes to encourage
as well conversations in every state, city, town, and village.
Schools, libraries, community groups, unions, businesses, service
organizations, fraternal groups, senior citizen centers, and all
kinds of other groups could initiate their own conversations.
A p~imary goal of this initiative is to engage all Americans
1n conve~sations in public settings. However, NEH will emphasize
as well formal education and scholarly activities. These
projects will be encouraged and supported by the Endowment as
well as by state humanities councils, along with many
organizations, groups, individuals, and other funding agencies.
The National Conversation on pluralism and American identity
will occur primarily in 1995 and 1996. The principal focus in
1994 has and ~ill continue to be on planning.
Outlined below
are the activities currently being considered.
An NEH Special Initiative
The National Endowment for the Humanities invites
applications on American pluralism from scholars, educators,
public agencies, and institutions for research, teacher seminars,
conferences, public lectures, museum exhibitions, library
programs, television and radio productions, and any other
innovative formats and venues appropriate to the subject.
·"-..····
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2
·----···
Applications should be submitted at the regular program
deadlines in the Endowment's six divisions.
Proposals will be
evaluated according to the established review criteria.
Guidelines are available from the NEH Public Information Office.
Special Competition for Public Programs
The Endowment invites proposals for innovative projects that
engage Americans in conversations about American pluralism,
identity, and values. The conversations may occur within a
single community or use new electronic technologies to connect
people in separate or remote locations. The Endowment seeks
proposals that involve collaborations and partnerships among
institutions and communities, that engage diverse audiences, that
involve a series of conversations rather than one or two
meetings, and that encourage multiple perspectives on the
questions of American identity.
Application guidelines are available from the Division of
Public Programs.
State Humanities Councils
Humanities Councils in each state and U.S. territory have as
their primary purpose fostering public understanding and
appreciation of the humanities. The councils have been
extraordinarily successful in engaging people in all parts of the
nation in humanities programs. Each council defines its own
goals, procedures, and funding priorities, though they generally
support a variety of programs for the general public. Many
councils are already supporting projects that fit a broad
interpretation of the conversation on American pluralism and many
will be developing or expanding existing programs as part of this
NEH initiative.
Telecommunications
A Documentary Film for National Broadcast
'"·-.
A 60-minute documentary film on the nature of American
pluralism, intended for broadcast nationally in early 1995,
will examine American pluralism, place it in historical
context, and inspire and define the National Conversation.
The film will be re-edited to produce a 20-minute version
for schools, libraries, and community organizations.
The
Endowment has awarded planning grants for the development of
detailed treatments to four filmmakers. The applications
for production grants will be reviewed this fall.
�AUG-05-1994
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3
......_____ ..·
Live Television Productions
Live television programs for broadcast nationally or locally
could be produced by a public or cable television station.
Formats are undetermined, but they could include panels,
symposia, interviews, debates, or, alternatively, the Fred
Friendly format.
Community Outreach
On the evening of the broadcast of the documentary,
cultural, educational, and community organizations will be
encouraged to organize events in conjunction with or as a
follow-up to the documentary; e.g., civic discussion groups
in museums, libraries, schools, or public television
stations; live productions immediately following the
national broadcast with local community activists, scholars,
teachers, and/or civic leaders. There could also be
discussion (or reaction} groups in community centers, senior
citizen centers, and union halls or country clubs. An
imaginative public television producer--or independent
producer--could make a fascinating program--live or
11 completely produced 11 --based upon those activities.
\,, ____ _
Radio
Radio is primarily local, though preliminary conversations
with NPR and APR have indicated that there is considerable
interest.
Possible formats include interview shows, call-ins, dramatic
productions, and, yes, even lectures.
Electronic Town Meetings
The Endowment will encourage electronic town meetings,
working closely with groups and television stations with
experience in this field .
.Reading and Discussion Programs
Developed originally in Vermont during the late 1970s and
then launched nationally by a major grant from the National
Endowment for the Humanities, reading and discussion programs in
public libraries have become enormously popular in every state
and have engaged several million people. The American Library
Association has received an NEH planning grant to develop theme
packages and book and video lists on American pluralism.
Separate packages will be developed for adults, youth, and
·..._, __ ...
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4
·-._, __ ...
recently literate groups.
will be produced.
In addition, Spanish language versions
Newspapers
The Endowment will encourage, perhaps through grants, the
writing and printing of articles for daily and weekly newspapers.
Seminars and Institutes for High School and College Teachers
NEH-sponsored summer institutes and seminars for high school
and college teachers offer teachers the time and opportunity to
explore scholarly topics relevant to their students with
distinguished scholars in the humanities. The educational impact
of these programs is substantial since the intellectual
invigoration and increased knowledge has an impact immediately
within the classroom and continues throughout the teacher's
career.
A special competition for institutes or seminars on
American pluralism would be offered, with review conducted under
the normal NEH procedures.
·-.____
These could be designed for a state, region, or city and
could be supported either singly or as part of a series.
Youth (High School and College)
A particularly promising group for the Conversation is
youth, high school and college but perhaps elementary students as
well.
Conversations could be held in classrooms or in other
locations outside of school hours. The format could be simple,
perhaps using the Kit described below, or it could involve
television, radio, or other means of electronic communication.
Essay contests or debates sponsored by national, regional,
or local groups will be attempted as well.
The Conversation Kit
The NEH, with the help of the MacArthur Foundation, is
developing a Kit which will provide the information necessary for
a group to conduct its own conversation on American pluralism.
The Kit will include questions, texts (or conversation starters),
book and film lists, an audiotape, suggestions about how to
conduct a conversation, lists of resources, and other tips.
This
Kit could be used by libraries, community organizations, service
clubs, senior citizen centers or labor unions.
�RUG-05-1994
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5
···-.-·
The Kit could be targeted to geographical areas or groups,
such as senior citizens, youth, newly literate adults, labor
unions, churches, hospitals, or service clubs.
Conversations
could also be conducted in and by corporations, or labor unions.
City or Regional Collaborative Events
Coalitions offer exciting possibilities for local planning
and local funding, with state council or NEH endorsement. A
consortium of cultural, educational, and community organizations
could organize a series of activities throughout a metropolitan
area.
Local and community foundations might join such efforts as
collaborators or funders.
American Pluralism Bookshelf
·......__•..
Several years ago, in commemoration of the Bicentennial of
the U.S. Constitution, the Endowment offered $500 to rural
libraries in matching funds for the purchase of a designated list
of books on the Constitution and the founding period. The
Endowment intends to identify a list of books on pluralism and
American identity and to seek a funding source to place these
books in libraries and community organizations throughout the
nation.
�AUG-05-1994
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cultural differences has been to think about a public sphere and
a privat~ sphere. In the public sphere only universalistic rules
are legitimate and only individual rights are legally protected.
!n the private sphere, we can give voice and form to our
birthright identities without being any less American. This
distinction still goes a long way in sorting out the conflicts
between the universal and the particular.
Indeed, if there is no distinction between the public and
the private, all values would be up for political adjudication,
and that; is not a system I find very attractive. One of the
factors causing the current sense of urgency about this subject
is the feeling that the public or political sphere·has been
encroaching on the private sphere. "Let your culture be your
politics.,, the cultural radicals of the 1960s chanted. "All
politics are personal, and all personal relationships are
political", assert some contemporary activists. Where in all of
this are the ordinary virtues that we ought to be able to expect
from ea~h other? Perhaps they can emerge from the.conversation.
I
It :helps also to realize that all ethnic groups have
permeable boundaries, and that the meaning of any particular
identity will change over time. What it felt like to be a white
Southerner in 1865 is different from what it felt like in 1950
and it is different again today. What it means to be a Jew in
America is different today from what it was in 1940. History has
a way of changing who we think we are.
Th~
subject is elusive, but it is very important. If the
works well, we will stake out some common ground,
and by doing that we will make it possible to celebrate more
fully the variations among us that play against each other and
reinforce each other to produce a dynamic national identity. As
President Clinton said in a different context at the dedication
of the Holocaust Memorial Museum, 11 We must find in our diversity
our common humanity. We must reaffirm that common humanity, even
in the darkest and deepest of our own disagreements."
convers~tion
In·that spirit, I am looking forward to this conversation
among t~e American people. In that spirit, I challenge you to
help focus the attention of the American people on this quest for
the meaning ·Of E Pluribus Unum.
7
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Speechwriting
Creator
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First Lady’s Office
Speechwriting
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36105">Collection Finding Aid</a>
Identifier
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2012-1004-S
Description
An account of the resource
Within the First Lady’s Office, Speechwriting assisted with the writing and editing of the speeches given by the First Lady at various events and on various trips. This collection highlights topics relating to the arts and humanities, women’s issues and organizations, medical issues and organizations, health care, the economy, the military, and the efforts of the First Lady on behalf of candidates running in the 1994 midterm elections. It contains speeches given by the First Lady, and speeches given by President Clinton and Ira Magaziner, to a wide variety of organizations and audiences during 1994. The records include memos, notes, speech drafts, talking points, pamphlets, articles, correspondence, and newsletters.
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Extent
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150 folders in 10 boxes
Text
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Paper
Dublin Core
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Title
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Arts & Humanities 9/21/94
Creator
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First Lady’s Office
Speechwriting
Identifier
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2012-1004-S
Is Part Of
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Box 5
<a href="http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/2012-1004-S-Speechwriting.pdf">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1766805" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
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11/13/2014
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42-t-7763272-20121004s-005-013
1766805