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Text
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
. SUBJECTfTITLE .
DATE
RESTRICTION
001. letter
Bob Grathwol to Greg; rer: Commission Business (1 page)
ca., Dec.
1999
P6/b(6)
002. letter
Bob Grathwol to Greg; re: Commission Business (2 pages)
ca., Dec.
1999
P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Presidentail Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the U.S.
Art & Cultural Property Theft
OA/Box Number: 40480
FOLDER TITLE:
[R & D Associates (Robert Grathwol & Donita Doorhus)] [I]
jp94
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)1
Freedom of Information Act -15 U.S.c. 552(b)1
National Security Classified Information l(a)(I) ofthe PRAI
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
Relcase would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAJ
Relcase would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information (a)(4) of the PRAJ
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(5) of the PRAJ
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRAJ
bel) National security classified information J(b)(I) of the FOIAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency J(b)(2) ofthe FOIAJ
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute l(b)(3) of the FOIAI
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information l(b)(4) ofthe FOIAI
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(b)(6) of the FOIAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes l(b)(7) of the FOIAI
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions l(b)(8) ofthe FOIAI
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells l(b)(9) of the FOIAI
PI
P2
P3
P4
C. Closed.in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.s.c.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�l!·
,.
I
"
jl
;
I'
J'
<
Box Review Form needs thetoUowing infonnation recorded on it .
.
\
.
'
.
I Archives/Repository
,
• Record Group
Subgroup(s)
(See pamphlet Citing Records in the National Archives, , "pp, 3, 4)
Series Name/Entry Number
• Box Number
Box Location
I
I
If we use this fonn for Box Review, we can use the same fonn as a cover sheet for each
document 90pied. When marking document for copying, the researcher can xerox this sheet,
add the File Unit infonnation, and put the sheet in each file from which slhe wants a copy or
, multIple copies. Then·the person making the copies (either the researcher or the support person
.such ~s Brenda or Daniella) can copy the box review sheet 'as a cov~r sheet to go with each
document from that file.· The researcher only has to fill out most of the infonnation once, adding
only the File Unit infonnation when tagging documents in an new file.
a
,
,
. '
This procedure will give. us much better control of the documents and allow anyone writing to
have
of the archival infonnation necessary to construct a. valid footnote for each document.
all
.. . . .
The slug attached to each document needs much the same inf~nnation, but we need to trim it
down'so that the slug won't obscure parts of the document.
,,
�·
.'
.;
Search by Aimee Breslow, 1124/00
Page
Reader Guide to Periodic' Literature
List of articles under the heading Alien Property Custodian
1. Jan. 6, 1945 "Making enemy money fight for us."
J. E. Markhan, American Magazine, vol. 138, pp. 24-5 +
October 1944
2. "Fumblingwith IG Farben,"
LF. Stone, Nation, vol. 160, pp. 7-8.
January 6, 194,5
3. "Most versatile business on earth."
J.B. Wood, International Nations Business, vol. 34, pp. 41-3+
May 1946
4. "Alien Property Custodian aim is speed."
Business Week, pp.19
July 6, 1946
5. "When books are boomerangs; periodical and book republication program."
W.F. Jacob, Library Journal, vol. 71, pp. 169
February 1, 1946
6. "Big Stick."
Time, Vol. 51, pp. 93
March 8, 1948
7. "Rayan Yardstick?"
Business Week, pp. 39-40+
March 13, 1948
8. "Case Study of government in business."
S. Shulsky, American Mercury, Vol. 68, pp. 302-7
March 1949
9. "Rights to Goebbels diaries become political issue."
Publisher's Weekly, vol. 158, pp. 200-1
July 15, 1950
10. "German technical books and the Office of Alien Property."
Publisher's Weekly, vol. 158, pp 850-1
August 26, 1950
[ Database= WorldCat
1)
A treatise on the law and practice of receivers; being an analysis of and commentaries
on the usages and rules of equity pertaining to receivers as established and applied by
1
�Search by Aimee Breslow, 1124/00
Page 2
the courts of the United States and Great Britain; including practice, procedure, ,
pleadings and forms in receivership cases with a carefully prepared chapter on uThe
Trading with the Enemy Act" as it relates to alien property custodians.
Author: Clark, Ralph Ewing, b. 1874. Year: 1918. Tag Record
2)
Catalog of vested patents ... United States of America, Office of alien property
custodian, Division of patent administration.... '
Author: U.S. Office of alien property custodian .. Year: 1942. Tag Record
3)
History of the Office of the Alien Property Custodian, 1917~1927.
Author: Bernard, Andre, 1883-1942. Year: 1942. Tag Record,
4),
Abstracts of chemical patents vested in the Alien property custodian. sect. 1-33~ .
Year: 1944. Tag Record
Search History
Record 1 of 3 in Dissertation Abstracts 1861-1980
TI: CHANGING ASPECTS OF PRIVATE PROPERTY CONCEPTS, A CASE STUDY OF
VESTED PROPERTY: THE AMERICAN POTASH AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION
UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN
AU: FLEMING-RENATE-THIMESTER
DN:PHD
DD: 1967
SN: THE-UNIVERSITY-OF-ALABAMA (0004)
PG: 226
LA: ENGLISH
SO: VOLUME 28-01A OF DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL. PAGE 43
Record 2 of 3 in Dissertation Abstracts 1861-1980
TI: CHANGING ASPECTS OF PRIVATE PROPERTY CONCEPTS: A CASE STUDY OF
VESTED PROPERTY: THE AMERICAN POTASH AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION
UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN ,
AU: THIMESTER-RENATE
DN:PHD
DD: 1967
SN: THE-UNIVERSITY-OF-ALABAMA (0004)
PG: 1
LA: ENGLISH
~O: VOLUME X1967 OF DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL. PAGE 67
Record 3 of 3 in Dissertation Abstracts 1992-1996
TI:BAYER & COMPANY IN THE UNITED STATES:,GERMAN DYES, DRUGS, AND
CARTELS IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA (A. MJTCHELL PALMER)
.
AU: REIMER~THOMAS-MARTIN
DN:PHD
DD:1996
SN: SYRACUSE-UNIVERSITY (0659)
PG: 429
�Search by Aimee Breslow, 1124/00
Page 3
LA: ENGLISH
SO: VOLUME 57-07A OF DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL. PAGE 3213
[Database= WorldCat I Search=su:(foreign funds control)
ACCESSION: 27672068
AUTHOR: Bank for International Settlements. Monetary and Economic Dept.
TITLE: United States. Orders and regulations relating to foreign funds control.
PLACE: Basle,
.
1941
YEAR:
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 32 p.
Record: 3
ACCESSION: 40702179
AUTHOR: Bank for International Settlements. Monetary and Economic Dept.
TITLE:
Regulations relating to foreign funds control in the United
States.
PLACE:
[Basle]
YEAR:
19uu uuuu
PUB TYPE: Serial
FORMAT: v. 30 cm.
SUBJECT: Foreign exchange.
Record: 4
ACCESSION: 38679661
AUTHOR: Bank for International Settlements. Monetary and Economic Dept.
TITLE:
United States; regulations .relating to foreign funds controL
Supplements to the 4th ed.
PLACE:
Basle,
YEAR:
1945 1946
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 2 v. 29 cm.
Record 8
ACCESSION: 36791660
AUTHOR: Lurcy, Leon George ..
TITLE:
A study of the foreign funds control
YEAR:· 1943
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 1 v. ; 29 cm.
NOTES:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
1943. Includes bibliography.
Record: 16
ACCESSION: 29019084
AUTHOR: Grbovaz, Stanley J.
TITLE:
United States foreign funds control in World War II
YEAR:
1942
PUB TYPE: Book
�Search by Aimee Breslow, 1124/00
FORMAT: 'xi, 104 .leaves; 28 cm.
NOTES:
Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--GeorgeWashington U~iversity, 1942.
Includes bibliographical references.
'
Record: 18
,
ACCESSION: 27672068
AUTHOR: Bank for International Settlements. Monetary and Economic. Dept. '
TI,TLE: , United States. Orders and regulations relating to foreign funds
control.
PLACE:
Basle,
YEAR:
1941
PUB TYPE: Book
,FORMAT: 32 p.
SlJBJECT: United States. -~ Laws, statutes, etc. Foreign exchange -- Law
-- United States.
'
,
,
Record: 22
ACCESSION: 23851376
AUTHOR: Stephans, Robert W.
TIrLE:
Foreign funds control and the banks
YEAR:
1944
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 97 p.' ; 28 cm.
NOTES:
Thesis--Stonier Graduate School Of Banking conducted by the
American Bankers Association, 1944.
SUBJECT: Alien property.
Record: 23
ACCESSION: 23598624
AUTHOR: McNamara, John E.
TITLE:
Foreign funds control in war
1943
YEAR:
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 70 p. ;28 cm.
,
NOTES:
Thesis--Stonier Graduate School of Banking conducted by the
American Bankers Association, 1943.
SUBJECT: Alien property.
R~cord: 24
ACCESSION: 23354430
AUTHOR: Haines, C. Robert.
TITLE:
Foreign funds control: an analytical outline
YEAR:
1944
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 159 p.; 28cm.
,
NOTES:
Thesis--Stonier Graduate School of Banking conducted by the
American Bankers Association, 1944. Photocopy.
SUBJECT: United States. -- Office of Alien Property. Banks and banking.
Record: 25
A€CESSION: 23354354
, I
Page 4
�"
'~~
.
Search by Aimee Breslow, 1I24/00
AUTHOR: Barker, John W.
TITLE:
The administration of foreign funds control in the United
States
'
YEAR:
1945
PUB TYPE: Book
FORMAT: 124 p.; 28 cm.
NOTES:
Thesis--Stonier Graduate School of Banking conducted by the
American Bankers Association, 1945.
SUBJECT: World War, 1939-1945 -- Economic aspects.
I
Record: 26
ACCESSION: 21471866
AUTHOR: Bank for International Settlements. Monetary and Economic Dept.
TITLE:
United States; regulations relating to foreign funds control.
EDITION: 4th ed.
PLACE:
Basle,
YEAR:
1944
PUB TYPE: Book '
FORMAT: I p.l., 7, [192] p. 29 cm.
NOTES:
At head of title: F.E.R. 33.
Page 5
�Long Distance Calls for PCHA Panel of Experts
Charges to PCHA Calling Card
6/19. Charles Maier, Harvard
Italy
6/20
6/19 Henry Turner, Yale
6/19 Jonathan Steinberg
6120 .
England
6120
6126
6127
Peter Hayes, Northwestern
Marion Deshmukh, , Leipzig, Gemiany
Jonathan Steinberg, Philadelphia
England
6127 . Charles Maier, Harvard
617 495-4303
39 0668 80 2451
203 432-8178
215898-8452 (2 x)
44 1223276014 no ans.;
2nd call got thru; left message
847491-3406
847491-7446 .
01493412 1460
215 898-8452 .
441223276014
617495-4303
�'""",::,
Comments
PCHA Historical Report
Draft Manuscript
Clarke
I General
Deshmukh
Feldman
Hayes
Nicholas
Steinberg
Herbits
A. Strong conclusion
missing
- Balance probs in
American
performan'ce against
"incredible
achievements"
- Include positive
policy
recommendations
for future handling
of confiscated assets
(indiv. vs. state)
A. Set out parameters
of research and
overall goals
- How does report
supplement, ,
complement,
provide background
re other studies, e.g.
Eisenstadt vols. &
Swiss bank work?
- Provide bibliog of
archival &
secondary works
- List major archives
not utilized
A. Huge gaps just
where one wants
answers
8. Shows difficulties
of linking "set of
disparate reports"
with too little time
- pasted together,
lacks development .
of coherent themes,
an authorless
composite
C. What were the
criteria for
inclusion and
. exclusion of
material?
A. Rept not abt
announced subject;
very little on "HoI.
assets that might
stillbe in" US
possession
B. Only widely
scattered ests. of
values of victim
assets that came
into US possession
- Need a tabulation of
victim assets in &
out of US possessn
-"central to the
puropse of the
report."
- At least pu II
together #s in report
Comments are all
linked to chapters.
Two main issues:
I. Function of report
- Why prepared?
- For what audience?
These should be set
out in intro--and need
a proper conclusion
2. Estimate of total
claims-offer no
numbers or guesses
- Both impossible
and dangerous--
press will latch on
to billions; antiSemites will attack
"greede" Jews.
3. Needglossary &
guide to acronyms
Ms. needs lists
L of interviewees
2. of expert panelists
3. of staff
4. of locations of docs.
5. of studies by other
countries
6. of acronyms/abbre
viations
D. Fails to explain
why various things
happened and what
the most important
issues are.
C. Abandon
B. Confusion of terms
- heirless
- related to role of
successor orgs
state vs.
international org.
C. Clarify U.S.
-
-
-
-
.
wartime policy re
holocaust assets.
U.S. ·adopted clear
policy of restitution
Implementation
conditioned by
many factors,
e.g. allies, neutrals,
former enemies all
treated differently.
Italy, Austria,
special cases - many
other examples
D. Ms needs a senior
historian to
oversee reVISIOns
B. Chapters are
discrete, not
integrated
C. Many redundancies
D. Needs collective
editing to reconcile
the many
anomalies
E. Report should
avoid any effort to
determine
magnitude of
assets involved;
too many gaps in
info needed for
this.
E. How is report to be
used and for what
_purposes? .
- Historical
inventory?
- Guide for policy
recs for future
conflicts?
F. No discussion of
how stolen art
found its way into
U.S. museums
G. Needs forthright
statemenst on
where "failures
[were] over-
conversion to
present day values;
never explained,
inconsistent,
confusing
D. Organize report by
asset group, not as a
narrative history;
will cut down on
repetition
E. Ms seems drawn
out to mask lack of
attn to identifying
assets remaining in
fed. hands
- Also reads as if
composed in
segments
A. Question of purpose
never addressed
B. May be useful to
indicate that
"trhasfers of wealth
of mammoth
proportions" .
allowed some
people to hold
looted assets an
realize gains from
them while victims
were denied the
assets and their use.
C. Question of
difficulties involved
in calculating
values of victim
assets might be
addressed in Ch. 5
(Restitution).
Might be useful to
�detenuined by
historical condi
tions ... [and] where
the actors faced
genunite altema
tives and made
wrong decisions
out of self-interest
or questionable
political and econ
omic priorities."
H. What are the policy
implications and
what consequences
will report have?
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
F. Rept argues that
Anuy, fed agencies
did good job, but
lacks courage of
convictions-say so
forthrightly and
make this a central
theme.
indicate that
amounts were
extensive but
immeasurable
D. Distinguish between
"staff' (research,
historical report,
historical
conclusions [e.g. Ch
8]) vs.
"Commission"
�Comments Expert Panel
PCHA
Sept. 11, 2000
I. Manuscript product of team effort
Diff. elements ofthe team designed to address several diverse tasks given to the Commission
a. Cull documents for what is relevant to U.S. control of victims' assets
b. Construct a historical narrative ofthe record ofthat conduct - that is the manuscript,
and those responsible for composing it are here today to benefit from your
commentaries
c. Deal with political assignment of formulating policy recommendations - that is job of
Ken and Gene working with the Commissioners.
,2. Task for today is to ask you to focus on the historical report, to lend your professional
experience and depth of knowledge to helping us strengthen it in the limited time that we
have.
3. Writers have read all comments, will weigh them as they re..:write. What we want today is to
u~e the very valuable time that you are giving us to develop a discussion among you as '
experts to explore the manll;scripts strengths and weaknesses, to set priorities for addressing
tJie weaknesses, and to identifY things that we haven't done that we can at least acknowledge
still need to be addressed.
4. We want to keep to a tight schedule so that we come away with as comprehensive a
discussion of the manuscript as possible. To that end, we have structured the day into four
s~gments ~ith breaks about every two hours, as follows
A. Each panelist will have a short (5 min.) period to present hislher assessment of the report
and to express the general/thematic points that you wish to make. Segment' is 8:45-9:30
B. Segment 2 is examination of each chaptedn tum to address particular issues that you
want to raise.
•. Donita will take notes during this and all segments.
• That will run about 20 minutes to Y2 hour per chapter - beginning 9:30, with a 10
minute break at 10:00, and concluding at 12:10.
C. Segment 3 of the day is a review of the notes Donita has made, chapter by chapter, to
establish priorities among the points made
Some we will give top priority for inclusion in the revisions
Some we. will label as desirable if time permits
Some we will remand to the "What remains to be done" section
�Some we will have toignore given the limits of time and resources
with break at 2:20
working lunch, in effect
12:30 to 3:10
D. Final segment, 3: 10 - 4:00 will be a summary discussion, additional observations that
have grown out of the day's discussions, and anything that we haven't covered that you
want to get in.
This is a very tight and structured organization of the day; we hope that you will work with us,
within this structure, to gain the maximum benefit from your presence and professional
experience.
Let us begin with those from whom I have already received comments, proceeding alphabetically
with,
Clarke
Deshmukh
Feldman
Hayes
Nicholas
I will summarize Jonathan Steinberg's comments;· he could not attend but has sent his
comments
Bill Slany .
Elizabeth White or representative from OSI
Steve Herbitz ifhe chooses·
�Contract Modification·
Scope of Work, RPG
1. Work with the five historians writing chapters to apply methods used to produce the context
chapter to rest of the writing of the final report
2. Read drafts of material produced by the historians writing chapter and make suggestions for
. revisions
3. Integrate written material into a seamless narrative style in the individual chapters
. 4. In ;cooperation with Gene Sofer and the historians· writing chapters to plan and schedule
meetings with the entire research staff that focus on topics related to the chapters
5. Identify gaps in the documentary evidence so th~t Gene Sofer can assign researchers to find
the relevant documents
6. Maintain attention to deadlines so that the historians writing chapters continue to deliver their
work on schedule
7. Other responsibilities as defined in consultation with Gene Sofer and Ken.Klothen.
�12/4/00 11 :05 AM
PCHA Time Projections For June Thru September
Month
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
Days
Pro.iected
5
12
12
5
34
Days Used to
date
34Y2 hrs=4.6 d
Balance
.4
�Feb. 7~2000
Dear Helen,
The following report covers activities of the financial assets team over the past three weeks and
. .
supplements the email that I sent you on February 2.
Lucille Roussin is working with two legal interns on materials in New York and D.,C. relating to
Alien Property and Foreign Funds Control. She considers that she is still working for both the
Art arid the Financial Assets teams. She artticipates working with Abby Gilbert and Sebastian at
Suitland on the documents concerning the Office of Alien Property.
.
I met with members of the team on Monday, February 7. As of that date, Sebastian and Abby
Gilbert were still assessing the value of the documents on Alien Property at Suitland. Snow
days, Sebastian's illness, and the unsorted'nature of the documents have slowed their progress.
On February 7, Sebastian submitted an interim report to you; at the meeting on. Monday, he
promised to send a copy to me. The copy has not arrived yet. He expects to have a full
assessment with recommendations for subsequent aCtion by the end of this week.
Helene Sugarman has continued to work through documents held at Archives II that deal with
Foreign Funds Control. On advice from Greg Bradsher of the Archives staff, she also began to
look at the statistical information contained in the annual reports of the Office of Alien Property.
The meeting indicated some overlap between work undertaken by Helene Sugarman (Foreign
Funds Control) and by Abby (Alien Property). With approval from Ken and Gene, Paul Brown
continues to divide his time between assisting Helene with work on the Foreign Funds Control
docuf!1ents and supporting Joel Davidson's work on inventory and control of assets.
The TJ1eeting indicated a lack of clarity about the questions that the researchers are addressing tn
the documents that they are examining. From the discussion at the meeting the questions relating
to'the Office of Alien Property and Foreign Funds Control seem in part to be quantitative (what
is the' scope of assets controlled and can victim assets be separated from the total?), and
procedural (how did the agencies function, how was policy formulated and implemented?).
Greater clarity' on theseque~tioils-or different questions if necessary-would help focus the
research.
No one at the meeting was acquainted with the literature that Aimee Breslow identified in recent
literature searches on Alien Property and Foreign Funds Control. How do you want to use this
literature?
Conversations and communications with others broughtthe following information. Greg
Murphy has variously been working on Austria, Foreign Funds Control, and U.S. control of
assets in Europe. As of Monday, he had made no request of help from Helene to help him gather
information about Austria., As you know, Greg has submitted a letter of resignation. I do not
know the disposition of that action.
Lucille Roussin still considers that she is working for both the Art and the Financial Assets
teams. She anticipates working with Abby Gilbert and Sebastian at Suitland on the documents
concerning the Office of Alien Property, although no decision has been made to pursue work .
further in those'documents:
.5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria, VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 3l3-9460 FAX: (703) 3 l3-946 I Email: RPGDMM@bellatlantic,net
�I
Suggested text of letter to panel participants
Dear __________, .
As Executive Director of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets I invite you
to participate in a panel that will review the historical report that the commission is now
preparing for delivery to the President later this year. The panel will meet in Washington, D.C.,
on September 11, the Monday after Labor Day. It will involve a small number of individuals like
yourself, experts in recent German history, the Holocaust, and the assets seized by the Nazis
from Holocaust victims that came into control of the federal government of the United States of
America.:
Dr. Robert P. Grathwol, who has spoken to you about the panel, will moderate the discussion.
Particular information relating to the panel is included in an attached memorandum.
The commission's task, as stipulated by Congressional legislation, is in part to "conduct a
thorough 'study and develop a historical record of the collection and disposition of the assets"
that originally belonged to individuals or communities victimized by the Nazis during the
Holocaust. To fulfill that goal the commission's executive team developed an outline built
around several questions that we think circumscribe the historical report. They are:
..1. How did assets acquired by the Nazis from Holocaust victims throughout Europe
come into the control of agencies of the federal government United States?
How did these agencies handle victim assets while they remained under U.S. control?
3.' How did these agencies dispose of or restitute the assets?
2.:
The chapters of the report now being drafted address these questions in great detail. We ask
that you read them, prepare a written critique (2 to. 10 pages), and join us in Washington on
September 11 for a day of discussion sessions. Our objective is to strengthen the report before
it goes to the members of the commission for their consideration. After they have reviewed the
report, they will formulate policy recommendations to be transmitted, with the historical report, to
the President. Your written critique will help shape the panel's discussion here in Washington ..
Our request entails your commitment of a good deal of time concentrated in a very fewweeks.
In recognition of this, and in return for your written critique and participation in the panel, we can
offer you a consulting contract that covers expenses for travel, your stay in Washington, and
includes a payment of $1,000.
5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria; VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 313-9460 FAX: (703) 313-9461 Email: RPGDMM@bellatiantic.net.
�Memorandum
Panel Discussion
Draft Historical Report
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
September 11, 2000
To:
Panel participants
From:
Klothen, ? Sofer?
RE
Critique of the written historical report prepared by the Presidential Advisory
Commission on Holocaust Assets
Date:
Commission staff will complete a draft of the report, currently estimated at 500 pages, by early
August.
You will receive it by Monday, August 14. If complete chapters are ready before then, we will
send them earlier.
.
I
,We ask that you send a critique (2-10 pages) to arrive at our offices on Friday, September 1,
before the Labor Day weekend. That will give us four working days to prepare the discussion.
Panel discussions will take place Monday, September 11. ,
We anticipate that they will include one session to allow panelists to exchange views freely on
the manuscript. The balance of the day will involve discussions will include the historians who
wrote the chapters based on the work that research teams have conducted during the past 15
months.
Margretta Kennedy will handle arrangements for the stay in Washington and the details of the
consulting' contract.
. [NB: Memo is adaptable for anyone who does' only the reading and written critique.]
�Holocaust Victim Assets
Flow Chart
Com mission Mandate
1. Establish historical record and analyze il
2. Make Dolicv recommendations to the President
Assets
Nazi Control
Type title here
(Passing into)
.Uniled Slates' Control
In Europe
In United States
Policies
(to the extent formulated)
I
Ownership indentifiable
I
Restitution to countries
I
Restitution to inni\linll!ll~
Erroneous restitution
"Diverted" assets
(Iooled, slolen, etc.)
I
I
Je~sh successor organizations I IInternational relief organizations
�I~
12/99
RPG
Mandate of the Financial Assets Team
The legislation that established the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust
Assets ("U.S.· Holocaust Assets
Commissi~n
Act of 1998, PL 105-186 [So 1900]; June 23, 1998)
summarizes the commission's task as "to examine issues pertaining to the disposition of
Holocaust-era assets in the United States before, during, and after World War II, and to make
recommendations to the President for further action.~'l Within that broad mandate, the
legislation specifically instructs the commission to "conduct a thorough st~dy and develop a
historical record of the collection and disposition of the [Holocaust] assets" if such assets "came
into the possession or control of the Federal Governmenf' or any of its agencies. 2
The legislation defines Holocaust assets in two categories. The first is those assets
"obtained from victims of the Holocaust by, on behalf of, or under authority of" the Nazi
government of Germany, any government in a territory occupied by the military forces of Nazi
Germany, any government established with Nazis assistance or support, or any government
allied with Nazi Germany.3 The second category arises "because such assets were left unclaimed
lpreamble to the legislation. In some sections relating to specific commission responsibilities such as
cooperation with the National Association ofInsurance Commissioners [Sec. 3 (a) (4) (A)] and the "Comprehensive
Review of Other Research" [Sec. 3 (b)] the legislation uses a beginning date of January 30, 1933. In most other
paragraphs of the legislation no period is specified beyond the phrase quoted above: "before, during, and after the
war,"
2
3
Sec. 3 (a) (I).
Sec. 3 (a) (1) (A) and Sec. 3 (c).
�RPG
as a result of actions taken" by any ofthe agencies associated with the Nazi government or its
allies ~nd sympathizers. 4
Within this mandate the research team dealing with financial assets is responsible to
identify and analyze the disposition of any non-gold financial assets originally owned by victims
of the Holocaust that came under control first of the governments associated with Nazism and
I
.
then of the United States government or any of its agencies during or subsequent to the liberation
of Europe and the invasion and occupation of Germany,
. For the purposes of this study Europe includes the.territories conquered by or allied with
the Nazi government of Germany. _ _ _ _ [Does this include North Africa, the Middle East,
Japan and Asia?] _ _ _ _ _, The research team has confined its work to those areas in which
military forces of the United States were present, either in the Mediterranean or the European
Theater of Operations, The two military theaters of operations covered Greece, the Middle East,
North Africa, Italy, France, Germany, Austria, and Great Britain. United States agencies or
military elements operated tangentially and temporarily in Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and
- - - - - - - - - as welL
Financial assets include such goods as non-monetary gold, silver, or other precious
metals; tangible valuables (other than gold, art, and cultural objects) such as gems, jewelry
silverware, or furs; national currencies [I don't find this in the legislation]; "domestic [what
does ~'domestic" mean here? U.S.?] financial instruments purchased before May 8, 1945, by
victims of the Holocaust" including stocks and bonds [?not specified in the legislation as 1
read it]; "insurance policies and proceeds thereof'; "real estate situated in the United States";
4
Sec. 3 (a) (1) (B)
2
�,
12/99
RPG
intellectual pr?perty such as copyrights and patent~ [?not found in the legislation].5
Ownership of many such assets was transferred during the years of Nazi domination in Germany
alienati~n
and Europe, often under conditions that amounted to forced
of the property. In cases
where:before, during, or after the war any such assets passed to the control of the United States
government or its agencies, such as the U.S. Anny or the U.S. Customs Service, and
_ _--'--:--_-:--_-'~ they become subject to the historical investigation of this team .
.
I
Two broad distinctions underlie the team's historical investigations. The first considers
assets that came under control of the United States (and its Allies ?nothing in the legislation on
this) in Europe. Here the research objective is to define the policies that putatively governed the
.i
acquisition, handling, and eventual disposal of the assets acquired in Europe. The second
distinction covers those assets that came under government control inside the United States .
. In both geographic locations the crux of the historical assessment is to examine the
I
·
•
origins, implementation, and consequences of the policies established by the United States and
followed (or observed in the breach) by its officials. The historical analysis lays the foundation
for recommendations to the President concerning present-day policies.
5
Sec. 3, a, 2, A-F.
3
�Commission Mandate
1. Establish historical record and analyze it
2. Make policy recommendations to the President
Holocaust Victim Assets
Nazi Control
(Passing into)
United States' Control
(passing out oD
... In Europe
-
. ·In United States
Policies
I
Ownership indentifiable
Restitution to countries
I
Restitution to individuals
I
I
Ownership not identifiable
I
I
�Memo
To:
Cc:
Gene Sofer
Ken Klothen
Date:
April 4, 2000
From:
Bob Grathwol
~:
Observations
1.. In our talk on Friday, March 31, you mentioned that you would prefer to have clerical
help abstract documents into the database rather than have the chapter writers do that
work. It occurs to me that it would take longer to hire and orient clerical workers
than it would to have the chapter writers concentrate on assessing and abstracting
selected documents. The chapter writers estimate 2 weeks to get through the
remaining 40,000 pages if all of them work on it, 3 weeks if only 2 or 3 of them work
on it.
2, Looking over my notes from the meetings between researchers and chapter writers on
March 16, I see the following
I
A. Deliverables mentioned
1. Numbers paper from the Art and Cultural Property team "nearly ready"
2. List of banks in Europe that held victim accounts "potentially" available
according to Sebastian
3. U.S. control of financial assets in Europe, Sebastian said gaps to be filled in
the next couple of weeks. This is the same topic on which Sebastian and Greg
prepared papers in November-December and that McMurray wrote up in
January. What don't we know? Where are the documents to cover what we
don't know? Who is actively looking for them?
4. Draft paper on Austria covering "everything" Greg
5. Foreign Funds Control-:- Greg said he'd need about 2 weeks to finish this
, B. Points needing further research or elaboration
1. Role of Allied Control Council in Germany in shaping policy on Nazi assets
and restitution
2. Restitution to and in Italy. Italy in general from acquisition of assets
discovery of caches mentioned by Marc-to release of assets. Joel and Paul
Brown have begun looking through the documents on Med. and North African
Theaters of Operations.
3. Role of JRSO Sebastian said records that they need can be found in
OMGUS. The records of the Jewish Advisor are not in OMGUS but in
RG 338. Contrary to Greg's assertion, there is no record that Ellen O'Connor
looked at them. I discovered them in the finding aid in late December and
�informed Helen. So far as I know, no one has yet consulted them. I have no
idea where the material on the Jewish Advisor is that the financial assets team
had sent from Cincinnati. It would be useful to have it copied and put into the
system so that it could be consulted with the material in RG 338.
4. Role ofthe other organizations-Konstantin mentioned a total of 1000that
vied for successor status;
5. IRO Sebastian described the research conducted so far as "only
preliminary."
y ~u may have other points from your notes.
RPG
, J
�Dear Helen,
Donita and I met with Ken, Gene, and Lynda last Wednesday (11/24). Out of it came several
decisions.
1.. Aimee Breslow will work on the box review database to get all the box review forms
entered and to make that database a useful tool. Ken has also hired a researcher who will
· initially work with Aimee to complete the database.
.
. 2. We agreed upon a meeting, December 16, to discuss the research plans submitted by the
· three teams. All research staffwill participate, along with the executive team. Forthat
· meeting I have drafted a document (attached in Word 97 with the hope that you can read
· it) that juxtaposes the research plans. The point of the discussion is to develop an outline
· of the final research product that correlates to the.commission's final report from which
the executive team can formulate its recommendations.
3. ' We have appointed two administrative coordinators, one for Archives II (Robert Skwirot)
and one for CMH at Fort McNair (Sarah Robinson). They will be responsible for
th
• coordination of administrative detail with Margretta in the 15 Street office. Skwirot will
try to get the Archives aide, Alice, to work productively to support the researchers there.
The December 16 meeting will discuss how the individual research teams and their
interim papers contribute to the final report. In preparation, I have put all three research plans
into the document attached and have arranged the interim papers chronologically by deadline.
.
Marc and Jonathan have both given me specific papers with deadlines.
You will see from the attached document that I tried to extract as much information from
your research plan as I could. I would like more precise indications of the individual papers and
and the deadlines that you have planned. I would also like to know who will be principally
responsible for each paper and what documentation each paper will use ..As. soon as you send me
this information, I can complete the document and distribute it to all staff before December 16.
As part of the preparation for December 16, we are also asking each person responsible
for an interim paper to prepare an information sheet (maximum length one page) describing the
paper. The deadline for these information papers is December 6. Researchers will then discuss
them at the December 16 meeting. The'form for the information sheet is also attached.
, Our intention is that this discussion will'focus everyone's attention on the overall goal-a
coherent, comprehensive historical report with recommendations. We want the discussion to
promote interaction among researchers to overcome some of the frustration expressed by many
of the people with whom we have talked in the past four weeks.
Please send your additional information on your work plan and any clarifications this
coming week.
Cordially,
BobG.
. Bob'
Attachments
1. Comprehensive Work Plan - juxtaposition of the three research team reports
2.: Information Sheet Form
�.Associates
Excerpt from Notes on January 8,2000, Meeting with Helen, Gene, Ken, Bob G. at 15 th
Stree~
Lucillle had begun [in November-December?] to look at the Office of Alien Property's
co,ntrol of victim assets
She had agreed to track down the legal framework for vesting of individual patents,
copyrights, and other instruments of intel1ectual property.
Her work with Jonathan (A-CP) 0,:1 Customs interrupted this, but in looking at Customs
records she looked for financial assets and how Customs set values for them
Abby (with help) now looking at Office of Alien Property documents at Suitland, but patent
side of work needs a lawyer.
Lucille's assignment ~hould be
1. To look at issues of intemationallaw related to issues and instruments of cultural
property
2. Look specifical1y law related to victim assets and patents
3. Look for individual court cases in U.S. law that involve either tangible assets or
intellectual property ofHolocaust victims
5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria, VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 313-9460 FAX: (703) 313-9461 Email: RPGDMM@bellatiantic.net
�, Notes on Meeting with Helen Junz
December 18, 1999
12:00 -2:00 p.m.
Points to pursue:
1. Col. Bernstein [Bernard], Head of the financial section who established the Foreign
Exchange Depository in Frankfurt
Bernstein's papers are in the Truman Library -- '
• TO DO: check to see if papers have a finding aid [Start at NARA, since
presidential libraries are part of NARA]
- Bernstein had come from Treasury into the civil affairs division of SHAEF [cf. Ziemke].
2. Closing out research on U.S. control of assets in Europe
A. Team has good .info on how assets came into U.S. hands
B. Also on policies for handling and for disposition
C. Less good on valuation
"bundles of securities" given to successor/relief organizations
- Where and how were they sold? ,
Who profited?
,
- Did moneyfrom sales go to benefit refugees/victims?
If U.S. government did not have an explicit responsibility of trusteeship, did it
have such a responsibility implicitly?
• TO DO: , Check names in secondary literature
,
- Saul Kagan - connections with occupation forces, State Department,
refugee camps
.
- Sy Rubin'
D. Rifkind, Judge Simon H., named USFET Advisor on Jewish Affairs after the
Harrison Report [released Aug. 31, 1945]
- Six advisors followed him [See USFET, SGS, 383.7/1; ref. fm Ziemke, p. 417]
• TO DO: Check with archivists Rebecca Collier and John Taylor to find papers of
this office
3. Assets in U.S.
A. Foreign Funds Control- Helen has topic in hand
B. Alien Property - documents at Suitland, ca. 4,000 boxes, no cataloguing other than
SF-135s
• TO DO: Survey 135s to assess feasibility and dimensions of task
C. Legal cases involving Jewish inventors/writersl"owners" of intellectual property
,'- Suggestion to pursue court cases
D. Defrosting process - if no claim filed for assets, they went to states where bank
located.
"
,
- State regulatory boards for banks may be helpful
- Jerry Simpson has a useful background for pursuing this
E. Federal Reserve Bank and its role
5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria, VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 313-9460 FAX: (703) 313-9461 Email: RPGDMM@bellatlantic.net
�·.
,
,
Items pertaining to reports on Financial Assets tak,en from final session; Friday,
Decemb,er 17.
'
..
i
1. Paper on Real Property (Sec. 5 of outline)
-
Due 01-12-00 '
2.' Armed Forces Control in Europe {Sec. 3)
-
Due 01-31-00
3. U. S~ legislation on "heirless" assets {Sec. 7 d - Abby)
-" Due 02-01-00 '
4. Fore'ign Funds Control (Sec. 4)
-' Due 03-01-00
5. Defrosting assets {Sec. 6)
' - Due 04-01-00
,
6. Successor organizations (Sec. 7 a)
-
TBDetermined
Outstanding issues '.
.
1. TreasurY Department as agency in policy formation .
i
. '
2. Misappropriations, diversions, Theft {Sec. 8) :
: - Any case studies, or other contributions from financial assets?
3. Methodology - contributions to seCtion by finanCial assets team
- What assets team has consulted and why
: - Resources other than those consulted,
- Chronology related to financial assets, their control and, disposition by U.S:
4. Background and Context chapter
Concerns in 1930s and 1940s over asset control as Nazis took 'control
, - ' Bibliography
1- Allied powers and their policies on financial assets and how they imp,inge
[NB: Merkers contained patent records - what became of them? Can any of them be
presumed to derive from victims?, See Ziemke,. p. 231.]
RPG 12/20/99
�INFORMATION PAPER
Research Topic/Working Title: Role of Precious Metals in Restitution'
Deadline for Draft Report: Thursday, December 9, ·1999
Issues Addressed:
1. Definitions and different categories of silver;
a. Other metals
b.. Identified looted silver
2. Release of silver for manufacturing
3. Restitution of metals, especially silver including Hungarian silver train
4. Claims of other countries and resulting actions
5. What appeared to be resmelted, making claims difficult
6. Where did the different batches of silver originate
a. IG Farben
b. Italy
c. Roges
7. Policies and Practices under OMGUS, HICOG including law 53
8. What needs to be further developed by additional research-what we need to find out
Preliminary Findings:
1. There was no silver pot or platinum pot to be distributed to the countries in proportion to each
loss. Silver was restituted to individuals rather than countries.
2. Finance Division found sufficient authority for the restitution of precious metals and a separate
directive covering looted precious metals was unnecessary
3. Silver found near Merkers mine was the most visible (publicity) next to the Hungarian Silver
Train which was silver restituted back to Hungary including the Hungarian orphans fund
4. Solver loot (found at Merkers) was carefully inventoried and sent to Frankfurt using the term
"Memler," which was a code for SS loot deposits
5. Both the US and theBritish participated in identifyIng and cataloguing of the Merkers silver
6. 91 shipments of valuables were received at the Foreign Exchange Depository (FED) after
April 15, 1945; these could be valuables looted by the Germans from occupied Europe,
valuables belonging to the Getinan state and banking institutions, or property turned in by the
Germans in accordance with Military Law 53.
,
.
How This Topic Satisfies the Mandate of the Commission and Fits into the Final Report:
US was in charge of the military government during the rebuilding of Germany after the war.
We were also in charge of the Foreign Exchange Depository and played a major role in
restitution and reparation agreements with other countries. This topic directly influences the
whole restitution issue
The Documentation that Addresses the Issues:
RG 260 OMGUS has been the only record group researched for this topic. I would also suggest
looking at 131,226, and 84 for additional information
Researcher: Helene C. Sugarman
Date:
December 8, 1999
Team: Financial Assets
�PC H A - November 14, 1999
I
.
'
.
1. Need a list of acronyms and initialisms - orie from
~ach
team, and a master list
Non-Gold Economic and Financial Assets Team
I Helen Junz, Team Director
Ellen O'Connor, part-time, off site historian (California)
. Sebastian Saviano, full-time historian on ,site, deputy director
: Greg Murphy, full-time senior archival researcher
Helene Sugarman, full-time archival researcher
. Abby Gilbert, detailee from Treasury Department (full-time?)
, Abraham Edelheit, part-time researcher, New York
• Aimee Breslow, full-time research assistant
; Lucille Roussin, legal advisor
Mandate
I. Assets that came under control of the US government as its agents (soldiers) swept
.
through E u r o p e '
Policies that guided the confiscation, handling, and disposition of assets that came
under US control outside the United States
2. Handling of assets withing the US
In both instances the task is to assess the policies, their impleme~tation and its
consequences
Relating to assets acquired abroad
A. US actions vis-A-vis holocaust victims' non-gold economic and financial assets in
ETO
i.e. currency [Sebastian has 10 pp. paper in draft. What deadline?]
securities [Greg has 20 pp. paper in draft. Whafdeadline?]
tangible valuables other than gold [who has paper/responsibility and on what
deadline?]
art and cultural objects such as jewelry, sivlerware, furs, etc. as household items'
(vs. fine art) [who has responsibility?]
real estate [who is preparing real property paper and on what deadline?]
Analyze policies, their implementation, observance or non-observance of transfer to
actors other than original owners or heirs [What deadline?]
Did a trustee obligation arise out of these policies and how was it performed?
Close out this work [RG 260, OMGUS?] in next three weeks. [What does this
mean? Written up in next three weeks?]
B. Holocaust victims' assets within US, e.g.
Foreign funds control. Paper can be ready "by the time the commission meets
next (p. 3) [February?] Est. 6 weeks by two researchers + 1 week Helen +
legal review
�Alien Property Custodian and Office of Alien Property. Work virtually
completed (p. 3). But p. 4 "work ... docs of the Alien Propertuy custodian has
just begun" not at NARA but at Suitland, need agreement of Justive [I thought
Treasury] Dept. Est 6 person-weeks + 2 weeks Helen
Heirless assets present in the US, e.g. bank accounts (p. 2, 4-5)
Contact with Brown Brothers abt. archives they may hold .
Contact with State banking authorities, maybe a sample state [Connecticut?]
Est. 8 weeks forensic accountant's time, 4 weeks senior researcher, 4 weeks
assistant
Includes evasions of Trading with the Enemy Act
Involves tracking behavior·& accountability of refugee and successor
organizations and nations to whom restitution was made
.
Jewish Successor Restitution Organization [JRSO or JSRO???], "a creature
of Congress"
.
Track JRSO legislative history; mostly done (pp: 3-4), needs work outside
DC, archives of JSRO, legal case material [Who? People not on the team:
WJC and in Zionist Archives. How? When deliverable?]
Track Alien Property Custodian and Alien Property Office "background work
as above is virtually complete" [Who? When is it deliverable?] Legal advisor
"vetting" this work [Deadline?] Needs approval of Justice Dept which controls
the docs of these agencies. Est. 6 person-weeks + two weeks of senior
researcher) time
Intellectual property
Helen deeply involved. Est. 6 weeks input from a senior researcher, 6
weeks from a research assistant
Behavior of US corporations and individuals and possible benefits to them from
aryanization
Behavior of US finanCial institutions abroad in view of (ill contradiction of)
London Declaration
Census 1943 of US Assets abroad, very time consuming, underway
Sample of 600 forms pulled and examined [Who has this?] .
Early deliverbles (with promised additional help)
1. Paper on real property under OMGUS and USACA
2. Paper on non-gold economic and financial assets under OMGUS and USACA
control, confiscation, valuation, disposition, and questions regarding
restitution policies, accountability of nations and organizations
3. Paper on Alien Property Custodian, War Reparations, JSRO that can address
where the figure of $3 million for US restitution come from and how did it
dwindle to $500,000
4. Part I of a paper on Foreign Funds Control to focus on blocking, handling,
unblocking assets, interaction with the Alien Property Custodian, etc.
Nothing in this on insurance. Least likely to yield useful results.
2
�Presidential Commission on Holocaust Assets
DEADLINES INFORMATION PAPERS
.
.
Please. submit a one-page (maximum) infonnation paper on each research topic mentioned in the
team research plans.
Dec. 6 (Mon.)
th
Submit infonnation papers on each research paper to 15 Street Office
Dec. 8 (Wed.)
Receive papers back for revisions, if any
Dec. to (Fri.)
Resubmit for copying and distribution for discussion at December 16
meeting
Dec. 13-14
Briefing books including all infonnation papers distributed to all
participants
Dec. 16 (Th.)
Oral presentation and discussion of all infonnation papers
11/99
�6l27/00.
Dear Gene,
The current status after my calls and emails today is:
Geoffrey Giles (general, Nazis, Holocaust)
yes, will be in DC as fellow at Holocaust Museum as of August 1.
sent email about 9111 and am quite sure that he will participate. He will
be traveling much of August, so we,
'
need an address
'
Charles Maier (general)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.), but will arrive only ca. 10:00 a.m. on 9111,
need an address
,Tel. (w) 617 495·A303, ext. 273
Gerald Feldman (financial assets) ,
yes for 9/1 0-11 (confirmed by email 6/27),
, will return to California ,early July from Germany.
Address (I've asked about a preferred address for August)
International and Area Studies
254 Moses Hall #2316
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720-2316, Te1.510 642-2518 (w), FAX 510 643-5996
1145 Alvarado Rd. (h)
Berkeley, CA 94705, TeL 510 704-9904 (h)
email gfeld@socrates.berkeley.edu
Jonathan Steinberg (financial assets)
checking for 9/11, expect call back later this week, although I expect a no;
. willing to read and comment
need an address if he says'yes
TeL 215 898-8452 (U. Penn.) or 0144 1223276014 in England (where
he'll spend most of the summer)
Peter Hayes (gold, business, finanCial assets)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.)
Address (prefers home address)
5057 North Sheridan Rd.
.
Chicago, IL 60640, Te1. 773 271-8208 (h)
847491-7446 at Northwestern U ..
email p-hayes@northwestern.edu
�Lynn Nicholas (Art)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.), returning to town 9/10
Address
1405 29th Street NW .
. Washington, DC 20007, Tel. 202 333-8427
Marion Deshmukh (Art) .
yes for the afternoon 9/11. She has a conflict during the morning.
Returns from Germany July 7
Address (prefers home address)
7204 Grubby Thicket Way
Bethesda, MD 20817, Tel. 301 3653142
You might ask in the letter for preferred addresses for all of August. I plan to come in to the
Humboldt office tomorrow, Wednesday. Do you want me to come by PCHA?
BobG. '
�Dear Gene,
I've made several calls. The current status is:
Giles
Feldman
Maier
Turner!
Steinberg
Breitman
Hayes
Nicholas
Deshmukh .
willing and available, will be in DC as fellow at Holocaust Museum
no, schedule conflict, available Sept 10-11, willing to read and comment
no, schedule conflict, willing to read and·comment
no; schedule conflict·
no, schedule conflict, willing to read and comment
no, schedule too full
left message
left message
left message w. department; she's in Germany.
I make the assumption that we can contact the "agency" people last and that
Barrie White will participate
Jeff Clarke or someone from CMH will participate
Slany or someone from State Department is likely to participate
We may have one more "agency" participant, but probably not more than that
I expect a reply from Peter Hayes; according to the departmental secretary, he was on campus
yesterday. I will try to get a number in Germany from Marion Deshmukh's husband or ask him
to have her contact me.
Colin Fallon suggested. Willard Fletcher, emeritus, University of Deleware, and Diethelm Prowe,
Carleton. I know both, Fletcher better than Prowe. I think of both as good on Germany in
general; which may be what we want anyway rather than specialists on the Holocaust We could
come up with other names. Jim Sheehan (general) or Norman Naimark (Soviet zone), Stanford;
Christopher Browning (Nazis atrocities) or Konrad Jarausch (general), UNC; Thomas Schwartz
(McCloy, postwar German-U.S. relations), Vanderbilt; Rebecca Boehling (women, Holocaust),
U Maryland-Baltimore County; Harold James (worked on gold commission according to Giles),
Princeton. I could come up with other names if we need them. I'm sure that the historian
writers could do the same.
�6/26100
Dear Gene,
.
The current status is after our talk today is:
Giles
Feldman
,
Maier '.
Turner
Steinbt;rg
Breitman
Hayes
Nicholas
Deshmukh
yes, willing and available, will be in DC as fellow at Holocaust Museum
haven't spoken to him about 9111 but think that he will be available
yes for 9/10-11 (I sent email 6/25; awaiting confirmation),
willing to read and comment
no, schedule conflict, willing to read and comment,
poss. available 9/11,will confirm
no; schedule conflict
no, schedule conflict, willing to read and comment
no, schedule too full
.
yes for 9/11 (Mon.)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.)
yes for the afternoon 9/11. She has a conflict during the morning.
That gives us five participants, three of whom are confirmed for September 11. I will call Giles
and Feldman, whom I expect will say yes to that date. I will also call Maier, and Steinberg to
verity their status. I will try to reach them all tomorrow, Tuesday, 6/27.
I have a'draft of the letter for Ken, with attached memo outlining the seminar meeting on
September 11.
BobG. ,
�6/29100 '
Dear Katherine,
The current status:
Geoffrey Giles (general, Nazis, Holocaust)
no (as of 6129), he will be traveling much of August, so won't be able to
get reading done on time.
.
Charles S. Maier (general)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.), but will arrive only ca. lq:OO a.m. on 9111,
Address
Charles S. Maier
Center for European Studies·
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138
Tel. (w) 617 495-4303, ext. 273
Gerald Feldman (financ;;ial assets)
yes for 9/1 0-11 (confirmed by email 6/27),
will return to California early July from Germany.
Address The best address to use for official invitation is:
Deptartment of History,
University of California,
Berkeley, CA 94720
send the manuscript to
·1145 Alvarado Rd. (h)
Berkeley, CA 94705, Tel. 510 704-9904 (h)
email gfeld@socrates.berkeley.edu
Jonathan Steinberg (financial assets)
no, but willing to read and comment
Address at U Penn
Department of History
University of Pennsylvania
3401 Walnut Street, Suite 3016
Philadelphia, P A 19104-6228
Address in England for most of ~ugust
7 Hawes Place
Cambridge
England CB30LD
Tel. 215 898-8452 (U. Penn.) or 0144 1223276014 in· England (where
he'll spend most of the summer)
.
�Peter Hayes (gold, business, financial assets)
yes for 9/11 (Mon.)
Address (prefers home address)
5057 North Sheridan Rd.
Chicago, IL 60640, Tel. 773 271-8208 (h)
847491-7446 at Northwestern U.
email p-hayes@northwestern.edu
Lynn Nicholas (Art) yes for 9/11 (Mon.), returning to town 9/10
Address
1405 29th Street NW
Washington, DC 20007, Tel. 202 333-8427
1149 Great Iskand Rd.West Yarmouth, MA 12673
508775 1543 .
5088620345
Marion Deshmukh (Art)
.
yes for the afternoon 9/11. She has a conflict during the morning.
Returns from Germany July 7
Address (prefers home address)
7204 Grubby Thicket Way
Bethesda, MD 20817, Tel. 301365 3142
BobG. ,
�i.
8/9/00
Dear Katherine,
The current status:
Gerald Feldman (financial assets)
yes for 911 0-11 (confirmed by phone 8/9/00),
send the manuscript to
1145 Alvarado Rd. (h)
Berkeley, CA 94705, Tel. 510704-9904 (h)
email gfeld@socrates.berkeley.edu
Address
Deptartment of History,
University of California,
Berkeley, CA 94720
Jonathan Steinberg (financial assets)
willing to read and comment
Send manuscript to
7 Hawes Place
Cambridge
England CB30LD
in England for most of August"
Address at U Penn
Department of History
University of Pennsylvania
3401 Walnut Street, Suite 3016
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228
Tel. 215.898-8452 (U. Penn.) or 01 44 1223276014 in England (where
he'll spend most of the summer)
Peter Hayes (gold, business, financial assets)
yes for 9/11, (Mon.) confirmed 8/9/00 by email
Send manuscript to arrive Saturday, 8/12/00 at
5057 North Sheridan Rd.
Chicago, IL 60640
773 271-8208 (h)
847491-7446 at Northwestern U.
email p-hayes@northwestern.edu
�I
Lynn NIcholas (Art) yes for 9/11 (Mon.), returning to town 9110
Send manuscript to
1405 29th Street NW
Washington, DC 20007, Tel. 202 333-8427
1149 Great Island Rd.West Yarmouth, MA 02673
508775 1543 (best phone #)
5088620345
Sign signature waiver so so'meone else can accept
Marion Deshrnukh (Art) .'
yes for 9/11.
Send manuscript to
7204 Grubby Thicket Way
Bethesda, MD 20817
.
301 3653142
Bob G.:
�Associates
Notes of meeting with Helen Junz, Jonathan McMurray, Sebastian Saviano, Robert Grathwol,
John Bendix, concerning the draft paper on U.S. control of victim assets in Europe
Paper needs reorganization according to the following outline:
.Introduction
I.
How assets came.into U.S. control
1. Stashes
2. Banks - both Lander and Deutsche Bank
3. Party Officials
4. MG Law 53 (the taking order)
'II.
Control and management of assets once in U.S. control -
Foreign Exchange Depository - a full description and comparison with situation
in Austria, e.g., the Salzburg Warehouse
1. Bernstein's role his papers available at Holocaust Museum but are
disappointing
2. Structure of the Foreign Exchange Depository, i.e., sections and subdivisions,
e.g. Finance Division, Reparations and Restitution Division
3. Inventories
, Creation of a spurious sense of control of the assets
How valuation of assets was handled experts to assign value to gold,
why not to financial assets? (Check with Gold Team)
•III. Restitution and Rules of Disposition - General principle is restitution to countries
1. Currencies
Can't identify where currencies came from (i.e., whether looted by Nazis)
but can identify country of issue, so restitution to country of issue
2. Securities
3. Jewelry
Cases where persons identified items, even with drawings, presumption is
that restitution took place in some of these cases - test hypothesis
Other instances in which items so identified passed to common agencies
[i.e. IRO, JRSO?]
4. How did personnel considerations play in restitution?
5. How did Allied policy to assign Nazi assets to support DPs play in restitution?
6. Did anyone weigh the subordination of individual property rights to needs of
the refugee community?
IV. Other issues:
1. MG Law 53: does it or does it not apply to DP/Refugees? How and when?
2. Did IRO use funds selectively i.e., did IRO use Jewish contributions for
non-Jewish camps?
5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria; VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 3l3-9460 FAX: (703) 3l3-9461 Email: RPGDMM@bellatlantic.net
�3. Clarify military exchange rate vs. market exchange rate
4. Clarify what happened to French provision to exchange victim assets in
prewar francs for revalued postwar francs
.
5. Be careful of use of terms. Introduce reader to terms used, e.g. "non-Law-5
Germans," "Memler loot."
�Associates
Notes from the January 7,2000, Meeting of the Financial Assets Team
Present were Helen Junz, Robert Grathwol, John Bendix, Greg Murphy, Sebastian Saviano,
Lucille Roussin, Abby Gilbert, Helene Sugarman, Jonathan McMurray (late)
With deadlines pressing, and with work on U.S. control of assets in Europe not yet finished,
focus needed to be on finishing the latter in 10 days.
McMurray to concentrate on finnishing work on Europe in 10 days [Jan. 17].
Greg will work with Jonathan McMurray to put paper on assets in Europe in shape
Sebastian and Abby will work on Office of Alien Property documents at Suitland to
determine in 3-5 days whether it is advisable to work further in these documents
Work on financial assets within U.S. their control and handling under the U.S. Treasury
Department [before and after German defeat?] continues
,
;
•
Helene pulling boxes on Foreign Funds Control and Freezing
Abby working with Helene
John Bendix responsible for this section [due 411]
Abby has a background draft paper already written
Lucille has done work on Trading with the Enemy Act
Can Lucille deliver both her work on A-CP (Customs treatment of assets) and
work on financial assets - jewelry, diamonds?
Question raised concerning a working session with Bendix and all involved on this
material, with outline of topics, to discuss overall plan and progress
Question raised about level of detail. - ans: sufficient to identifY presence or absence
of patterns, trends, but not an exhaustive treatment of a multiplicity of examples
Add Brown to Foreign Funds Control work '
Helen will formulate research questions for ,all lines of inquiry that the team is following. She
will send those from London after her return
A-CP and Gold teams may have sepondary literature available; little such literature exists on
financial assets confiscated from victims and disppsal of them.
Primary task in next 3 weeks is to get paper on Europe done.
Continile work on FFC, freezing, defrosting,
• Put Aimee Breslow to work again on secondary literature on this
Continue assessment of records on Alien Property Custodian /Office
, 5888 Woodfield Estates Drive, Alexandria, VA 22310-1864
Tel: (703) 313-9460 FAX:' (703)313-9461' Email: RPGDMM@bellatlantic.net
�• If docs not productive, then Lucille to look for instances and cases in the legal
records
• This is an area that needs manpower
Ellen O'Connor working on records of JRSO and IRO revenues and disbursements
Helen seeing Saul Kagan, Exec. Sec. of JRSO, in NYC wk of III 0/00
Helen taking Ede1heit to JDC archives to do work there
• Work on successor organizations and international organizations due 3/15/00
For Alien Property Control still need to look at
1. Legislation
2. Archives-I records (Lucille)
• Need an explanation (with diagram?) of the relationship among U.S. agencies of
control- e.g., tactical (fighting) forces, SHAEF and U.S. Army general staff
divisions (G-5) for civil affairs/military government, OMGUS (Berlin) and
regional OMGUS elements (-Bavaria, -Wurttember-Baden, -Greater Hesse),
Austria, ETOUSA, USFET, EUCOM, and such other entities as Allied Control
Council, U~S. Group, Control Council, HICOG, and development of German
self-government. This is necessary to sort out the formation and execution of policy
in the restitution policy paper.
Also ne~ding further work:
Did U.S. businesses profit after 1939 from aryanization of businesses in Germany and
Europe?
Ellen O'Connor has done some work
-: Abby may look at U.S.-German chamber of commerce records
�Witl1drawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
ANDTYPE
001. letter
DATE
SUBJECTrrITLE
Bob Grathwol to Greg; rer: Commission Business (1 page)
ca., Dec.
1999
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
This market identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
, Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Presidentail Advisory Commission on Holoc~ust Assets in the U.S.
Art & Cultural Property Theft
OA/Box,Number: 40480
FOLDER TITLE:
[R & D Associates ,(Robert Grathwol & Donita Doorhus)] [1]
jp94
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act ~ 144 U.S.c. 2204(a)1
Freedom
National Security Classified Information l(a)(I) of the PRAI
Relating to the appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRAI
Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAI
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential'commercial or
financial information l(a)(4) of the PRAI
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(5) of the PRAI
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRAI
b(l) National security classified information l(b)(I) of the FOIAI
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIAI
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAI
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIAI
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIAI
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIAI
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA)
PI
P2
P3
P4
~. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
~ of gift.
PRM. I'ersonal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.c.
, 2201 (3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
o~
Information Act - 15 U.S.c. 552(b)1
�Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND'TYPE
002. letter
DATE
SUBJECTrrlTLE
Bob Grathwol to Greg; re: Commission Business (2 pages)
ca., Dec.
1999
RESTRICTION
P6/b(6)
This market identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Presidentail Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the U.S.
Art & Cultural Property Theft
0NBox Number: 40480
FOLDER TITLE:
[R & D Associates (Robert Grathwol & Donita Doorhus)] [1]
jp94
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Acf-144 U.S.C. 2204(a)1
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.c. 552(b}1
National Security Classified Information l(a)(I) of the PRAI
Relating to the appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRAI
Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAI
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information l(a}(4) of the PRAI
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(5) of the PRA]
P6Release would constit~te a clearly unwarranted invasion of
~ersonal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information l(b)(I} ofthe FOIAI
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIAJ
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute l(b)(3) octhe FOIAI
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information l(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy (b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIAI
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions l(b)(8} of the FOIAI
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells l(b)(9) of the FOIAI
PI
P2
P3
P4
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
, of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201 (3).
RR. Document will be ~eviewed upon request.
�From: "Robert P. Grathwol" <rpgdmm@bellatlantic.net>
;. ,
To: "HelenB. Junz" <junz@hbj.sonnet.co.uk>
Cc: "Gene Sofer" <gsofer@pcha.gov>,
"Kenneth Klothen" <kklothen@pcha.gov>
Subject: Periodic report
Date: Thu, 20 Jan 2000 00:29:27 -0500
Message-ID: <0 I bf6307$51 b80acO$LocalHost@robert>
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Helen,
This is the' periodic report that you asked that I use to keep you = apprised of progress here. Sebastian is sick, and I
have been unable to , coordinate it with him.
,.
.
Today to check on progress I met with the financial assets team after = the general meeting of the research staff.
Jonathan McMurray has already = reported to you on the draft paper on U.S. control of assets in Europe. = In
today=92s meeting he reported on the progress he has made. Greg is = working with him to retrieve documents that
might help clarify issues = that remain unresolved. Sebastian did not attend, so Jonathan still does not have the
commentary on the paper that you made before your departure.=20
,
'
Because Sebastian is out sick, my only opportunity to talk with him = about progress on the Alien Property papers at
Suitland was last week, = when he projected that he would have an assessment by today.=20
Lucille did not attend the team meeting because she and Abby are working
received no report on their = progress.=20
on Customs Service documents. I have
Heleqe (with advice from Bradsher) has winnowed the 501 boxes on Foreign Funds Control documents at Archives II
down to about 20 that seem most promising. In keeping with Ken=92s instructions, I have asked Paul Brown to
divide his time between supporting Joel Davidson in working on the = military documents (RG-331 and -338) and
helping Helene.=20
John Bendix has made contact with Jonathan Steinberg and Harold James who have worked on parallel issues
(banking:and'victim assets). Both are willing to help, and Bendix has specific ideas about how to use their expert
knowledge to the Commission=92s advantage.=20
Aimee Breslow is pursuing her research in secondary literature.=20
The entire research staff will meet next Tuesday to discuss progress on the paper on U.S. control of assets in Europe
and on the context = chapter. If you have comments on the outline of the latter, I would = welcome them beforehand. I
hope that such discussions will allow members = of all the teams to, contribute what they know as we write up sections
and continue to re-work the outline that Gene crafted from the = discussions of mid-December.
�.
You volunteered in the team meeting on January 7 at Archives II to provide us with specific research questions. I
would find that very '= useful for keeping the team=92s work focussed.=20
Late Tuesd~y evening we learned that Donita'=92s father had died. Donita = and I will be in Michigan for several days
for her father=92s funeral. I will be returning on Sunday.=20
Cordially,
BobG.
------=- NextPart- 000- 0053 - 0 lBF62DD.68E202CO-
�To:
Cc:
Helen Junz
Gene Sofer
From:
Robert Grathwol
Re:
Record Groups 331 and 338 at NARA II
Date:
December 31, 1999
In our December 22 meeting with the financial assets team, you asked me to work with Helene to
identify U.S. Army documents held at NARA that may bear on the financial assets team's
responsibilities. In 26 hours of work spread over the past week I have completed an initial survey of the
finding aids that cover that material.
..
The U.S. Army was present in North Africa from November 1942, on the Italian peninsula from July
1943, and in northern France from June 1944. It occupied Germany and had full responsibility for
military government from September 1944 to October 1945, when OMGUS was first organized
(October 1~ 1945). The Army's G-5 personnel continued to co-administer the military government of
Germany with OMGUS until the latter was fully operational in June 1946 .. In all of these locations the
U.S. Army played.a primary role in assuming control of victims' assets.
,
I concentrated my work on the finding aids to two record groups that are not well represented in
Bradsher's guide. RG-331 contains the documents for Supreme Headquarters,Allied Expeditionary
Forces (SijAEF), of which the U.S. Army was a part. RG-338 contains documents of the European
Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (ETOUSA) and its successor organizations, U.S. Forces, European
Theater (DSFET, 7/45 to 3/47), and European Command (EUCOM, 3/47 to ca. 1952). The finding aids'
for these two record groups amount to several thousand pages. I have consulted and made notes on
several hundred of those pages. Helene and I have begun to call up boxes and check individual folders
and documents.
At this point I have not taken a count of the number of boxes that may hold relevant material, but the
number is certainly large .. I have done a quick survey of the descriptive listings (which may represent
multiple boxes) that stand out by title as most promising. The results are presented in a list below. The
documentis suggestive, not definitive. Many listings mention weekly, monthly, or other periodic
reports.
RECOMMENDATION:
My famili'arity with the structure of Army command and with the role of Army general staff divisions
may have Igiven me an advantage in identifying which listings in the finding aids may be useful. More
of that work remains to be done; I have not yet gotten to the finding aids that cover EUCOM.
Those researchers who have spent the last six months gathering documents from RG-260 and other
record groups covered by Bradsher's guide will be able to recognize more quickly than I what individual
documents supplement the material that they have already copied. They may be able to avoid
duplicating materials. I therefore recommend that they become involved in the box-by-box review of
these two' record groups.
�Listings that look promising (numbers are approximate):
RG 331
Refugees/DPs
UNRRA (UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration) .
Foreign money/Coinage & currency/captured enemy funds
..
G-2 '(Intelligence)
Personal claims/Return of properties
Evacuation of Foreign Peoples
RG-338
Intelligence (G-2).
Foreign Liquidation Commissioner's Office; 1945-47
Chaplain's Div. (Asst. Advisor, Jewish Affairs, was a chaplain)
Claims Division
Coinage, currency
Dedmal files, various
Decimal 000.3 is Religion
383.7 is Refugees
European Civ. Affairs Div. (ECAD), weekly reports
USFET situation reports ("sitreps")
OMGUS weekly infoI1)lation bulletins
2
Listings
20+
12
7
over 20
1 ea
1
over 20
1
1
1
1
1
1
4 boxes
�.'
.,
.
I
Schedule of Deadlines and Assignments
Due after February 1, 2000
(Bold in schedule equals a full chapter)
V. e.
. : Feb 15
Control: Real Property (Mil. Gov. Law 59)
Financial Assets (FA)
i
Mar 01
III. c. % victim wealth passing thru or in US hands
All 3 teams
Mar 01
IV. a. Assets in US - Foreign Funds Control
IV. a. Assets in US - Alien Property
Gold/FA
Gold/FA
MarOf
VI. b. Restitution in Europe
Art-Cultural Property (ACP)
III. a. Assets under US control --: gold, hoards, TGC
IV. a. Assets in US - Federal Reserve
IV. b. Assets in Europe: Armed Forces
Gold
Gold
Gold
Mar 15
Apr 01·
, Apr 01
Apr 01
I
Introduction
II. a. Bank of International Settlement
Klothen & Sofer
Gold
McMurray
III. Universe of Assets under US Control
Apr 01
Gold
Gold
Apr 01
V. a. Central Collecting Points·
V. b. Inventory and Property Control
V. c. Theft (lack of control)
VI. b. Restitution in the US - defrosting assets
VII. a. Misappropriations
FAIACP
Davidson
ACP/FA
FA
ACP
Apr15
IV. How assets came under US Control
Bendix
Apr 15
I
IV. b. Assets in Europe: Intelligence Agencies
IV. b. Assets in Europe: T -Forces
V. Organizing Assets
Davidson
Apr 15
V. d. Control: Foreign Exchange Depository
VI. b. Tripartite Gold Commission·
VI. b. Restitution inEurope - Mil. Gov. Law 53
VII. a. Misappropriations - Gold
VII. c. Ustashi Case
VII. f. Austrian Property Control Warehouse
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gold
VI. Restitution: Heirs and Survivors
VII. Restitution: Heirless Assets
Fallon
Fallon
Apr 15
May01
�VIII. Deviations, Misappropriations, Diversions,
and Theft
Schmidt
May 01
VII. e. Hungarian Gold Train
All 3 teams
Jun 01
IX. What remains to be done?
Grathwol & team leaders
May01
•
I
I
I
Schedule of Deadlines and Assignments
Due on or before February 1,2000
Jan 12
Team leaders
FA
Feb 01
I
I. b. Methodology of the commission
VI. a. Restitution Policy
Background and Context
Grathwol
Feb 01
III. a. Assets under US Control- Financial Assets
in Europe
III. a. Assets under US Control- Art
III. b. Victim assets looted and received by US
FA (lVIcMurray)
ACP
ACP
�AES 8-8-00
What still needs doing?
1) The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archive in New York City
, contains a wealth of information on the topic of victims' assets. Documents from
the ADJC would provide insight into the inter-workings of this organization.
Sometimes we have only one side of the negotiations. The PCHA received a few
stray documents from the AJDC archive (many of them from Egon Mayer), but
the archive has not been fully exploited.
2) The PCHA has exploited the national/federal archives in Europe (with the
exception of Hungary). How else can we determine if these countries executed
their restitution responsibilities? Again, the PCHA has one side of the
negotiations. To my knowledge, the PCHA never determined the degree to which .
other countries complied with international agreements.
3) This topic would benefit from a comprehensive study of the Jewish organizations
involved in restitution (along the lines of item 1). The PCHA targeted U.S. civil
and military entities, not organization like the Jewish Agency for Palestine which
plays a major role in the restitution efforts.
4) The "case studies" have not always revealed (in Paul Harvey's words) the rest of
the story. Even a little follow-up research might reveal a 19t if someone visited
the above-mentioned archives.
'1
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
[R and D Associates (Robert Grathwol and Donita Moorhus)] [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Art & Cultural Property Theft
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 225
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/6997222" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
6/24/2013
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
6997222-r-d-associates-robert-grathwol-donita-moorhus-1
6997222