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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/130565ce56b1ddb9551dfa3ad4e98bd5.pdf
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Contents
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. Acknowledgements
Preface: The Devi/'s Bridge and Other Swiss Myths
VI!
Acknowledgements
XI
I .. Justice Denied
2. Unfinished Business
39
65
3. Exposed
4. "Bern, We Have a Problem"
103
5. The Righteous arid the Persecuted
121
6. Writing the Check
139
7. We Were Right
163
177
8. The Lawyers
9. Boycotts and Diktats
189
10. History's Vengeance
239
277
Epilogue
287
Index
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The idea for this book took shape just as the Swiss bank drama be·
gan to develop into a full-blown scandaL Along the way there was much
that occured due to the many who joined this effort simply out of a
belief in the cause .. !l was these people who provided me with the input,
advice, and encouragement that carried me through to the end.
In this vein, I would especially like to thank former United States
Senator Alfonse M. D' Amato, for whom I have had the pleasure and
honor not only to work fur, but work with, for seven years. His trust in
me and his encouragement to do this book is greatly apprcciatcd.
Numero\Is others' must be mentioned as welL Stan Turesky has been
a quiet, yet guiding forcc not only in thc ongoing investigations of thc
Swiss banks, but in support and help to meduring thc cntirc process of
this book. Miriam Kleiman, for whom lWO wceks' work has turncd into
a vocation', encouraged, cheered, and helped me along with important
materials. Her investigative work and commillment to this cause is
heroic. Willi Korte, quiet and unyielding, has stuck by me as well as
the rest of us throughout this long proccss, long after his assignment to
!he cause was to have ended. B.J. Moravek was something akin to a
bull in a china shop. He never stopped thc search and his interest con·'
tinued well beyond his reassignment in the Secret Service. Brian Hufker,
also reassigned to the Pentagon, still calls to check on thc issue. His
hard work and long hours provided us with information we could never
have gOllen without his understanding. Marc Isser, our first intern at
the National Archives also wcnt on to work for us and deservedly so for
all of his fine research efforts.
I also want to thank Phil Bechtel of the Senator's staff on the Bank·
ing Committee for his concern, ciedication and help over the years as
well as his help to me during the writing of this book.
At the National Archives, Dr. Greg Bradsher, whose name I have fi·
nally learned to spell correctly, found documents and sources there no
one else could have found and assembled a finding guidc for documents
in the Archives second to none. He also was of immeasurable help in thc
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DEPARTMENT
OF
STATE
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.INCOMING
DIVISION OF
'CENTRAL SERVICF..5
TELEGRAPH SECTION
TELEGRAM
PLAIN
SAG-2l0
J3E:rn
DatEd FEbruary
SEorEtary of StatE
Wa.shington
866, Eighth
ZURICH "VOLKSRECHT F,t::urual"Y ,-Sc~mmE;1 ts as follo\I.rs
on blocking Swiss assEts in USA.
PrivatE Swiss assEts in UnitEd StatEs EstimatEd
about 1400 thousand dollars primarily consist'of Swiss
capital which flEd in first YEars of war whEn GErmRn
victori~s
and spying plus Swiss adaptation psychosis
causEd apprEhEnsion
Swlt~Erland
might bE drawn into
war
and lEd to Efforts wi thdra~'l capital from ·EndangErEd
zonE.
ConsldE:rablE amounts JEwish cauitnl doubtlEsS
~
,
, includEd in 1940 flight of capital SinCE JEWS had part1
culargrourids to protEct th'Ei't'propErt'y'. although rlEi'thEr"
WaS thErE lack purEly Aryan Swiss funds.
SEcond catEgory
flEEing Swiss capital camE from GEnEva banks With bulk
funds involVEd FrEnch rathEr than SwiSS origin..
REasons
WErE 'saInE also bEliEVE that FrancE had lost war a.nd its
funds EuropE would rEmain undEr GErman control.
Funds
flEEing AmErican
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-2~ 966 1 Eighth from BErn
flEEing AmErican doubtlEsS corn.!?'1r,1Ii~SEd rEstrictEd amounts
ownEd by othEr
nation~B
Dutoh Danish and
h~turally
(i.Erman and Italian likEWi SE probably again J'e...,.~ and pErsona.
,
hostilE to systEm who transfErrEd thEir capital via Swiss
banks to USA to avoid pErSEcution
~d
war oatastrophE
but in first YEars ot war oErtainJ:y not adhErEnts of
d,l,ct~tor,ship
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\
raCE.
whoclrEaIDEd of world domination by GErman
Only a.ftEr Stalingrad from End 1942 WEll into 1944
adhErEnts Nazis and particularly leadErs of rEgimE possibly'
may probably bEgan thinking of
put~ing
pEnny 'asidE and
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,
.
brought' funds to nEutral c.ountriEs •. ' Naturally thEY· uSEd
straw mEn mnd had GErman MinistEr GaulEitEr or gEnEral
I
bEEn ablE to transfEr his EntirE prOPErty abroad his namE
would not havE apPEarEd in transaotion.· ThErE is rEason
bEliEVE that capital ownEd by dEf1nitE 'Nazi adhErEnts may
bE found today in flight capital fl,nd possibly such funds
haVE 1;JEEn pEnE.tratEd into
banks.
USA
EUllong dEposi ts Qf 8'-11$s
AmErican distrust of such funds comprEhEnsiblE
also thEir dEsirE to Establish truE ownErs also and EVEn
thEir blocking of ,Swiss
fund~
aftEr SwiSS banks rEfUSEd to
supply information rEqUEstEd.
S'ritzErland not intErEstEd in- maintaining this SEcrEt
If Nazi
�-3- 866, Eighth from BErn
If Nazi capi tal or "'TEal th .stolEn in C:uropEan countriES by
inhuman ~ Exploitation of opprEssEd pEoplES a.otually forms
part of such funds Swiss can oniy hOPE thEsE funds will
-
bEcomE availablE to libEratE<;i nations and war criminals
will nEVEr bEnEti t thErEfrom.
REprE6Entatl VES of Swiss
banking association rEcEntly rEturn£d from USA must not
count of support of Swiss pEople: if thEY co~tinuE to rEfusE
invEstigation undEr prEtExt of
bank BEcrEcy.
We: arE
; artisans hOWEVEr of libEration Swiss assEts 1n AmErica
J
if only 1n intErEst
Swis~
matErials and foodstuffs.
currEncy and purchasEs raw
REpEatEd to Paris
fo~
CurriE Mission.
HUDDLE
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
[Swiss Banks and Assets]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Art & Cultural Property Theft
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 225
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/6997222" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
6/24/2013
Source
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6997222-swiss-banks-assets
6997222