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PROPERTY DIVISION ONA
CULTURAL PROPBRTY :afuUWH
COLU~CTnW POIHT, MUNICH
10 ArcisstrBssa
Munioh, G'Grmany
June 29,:1951
"~:)'-.
l<Ir" Danie~ Cotton Rioh
' ,
(Attn: C~tator of Classical Art)
Chicago A~tlnstittlte
Cb$.cago,lll.
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Def'ir lv-'J.r..Aich:
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When
was in Wiirzbl1rg two days ago, picking u.p ,some
dra\vings ·:for restitution to France, Prof. K1eser, of, the
M~tin vo4 Wagner Ml1sewn, told me that a Greek am.phq;ra,
.VloBO, Ur: 183 of "their collection,had been given d~ ,
loaruiJd to ithe Art lnsti tu.te il1 April 1945, by a Mr,. IMale,.
in!Jln ex,c(:lss of patriotism. As thi:~ amphora is still.
m:tss1ngtJ; offered to see what I ~o111ddo..
'
" I en&loseProf.. Kieser' s
··.fIlOl!! the
that the
let{~rt
with two
excer~Pts
}jreviolJ.scorres:pondence.~'The records here indica~t~,
4rt Il!Stl tilts <lid in fao~:. 'ship the Gmphore;Qn
27.,,:?49 t4 the address i'hdicated i!n the second excer;pt.
'.. Thire its ,j'trace was lost!
i .
, In 1~48, however y there arri~~d at l'iJl1n1ch from ,h-aDk- .'•
. .ftt.~t the .~mphora sh.own in the enclosed photograph ,(Mun1<;th.
·Nr.'~· 46567',\ H. 45.c~l. The sOllrce oj! this shipment i,s;~ a1 t:o~
·g~t;iletuJl~lear. Thinking that this"amphora might be;:t;he onEt:
.···~l1li.s;~:ill.g f:J;'om Wurzburg, t.he Wurzb@g people were 8s:ked to ':."
.~··1.p.~,~ect 1~. Their representative t ~however, determ1n.~;~1 that
:. this was not the missing' vase (which to my eye looka
.
. v:,oent.~,~ anyway).i
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Whi.l~ it may not be ts.ctftl1 t;o sl1ggest that a mistake"'''
';mayha,e ~een[\ade in Ohioago, I thoaght it worth while· to
sana· you. this history. in the off q,han06,. tllat the Vase wh1cP!
.. is' .here (and oom.pletely .o.nidenti f1:e;d ) might.. be the<one
.
wh:l4lh left Chiealo on 2t~ II. 46. If(80~ thi.s wollld bea eu.r~
.'. p~:~ing ol1tcome to the original re,q~e;s.t from Wiirzb.l1l:g. B;u.t
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there woald re:main the:f'llrther qwfst:tont w'hat
hap~ened
,t,o,the Amphora Maley - Ohicago?
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COtIJECTING POINT, MUNICH
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,Ae we areterm1na,~'1ng proba~lyon J111y 31,
I 8ugg~at, yon rep:
to Mias i 'J3o.ehm,
(1)11ecting po1n1;,: 0 ArQ1ssitrsSB'Q'ilianioh.
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Sehr geehrter Herr Faison,
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j13Jj fi;)~:f'! b £1fj
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fI9rWi0f16g'lov
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.:;'B:C;:.if~fe;0hatign 'JtiJ\ef'Threm geatrigen Besuch das 'liebenswuerdige
Angebot gemacht Erkundigungen nach dam Verbleib unserer schwarzfi
gurigen Afllphora. des 6. vorchr. Jahrhunderts (Katalog rJr. IS3)' anzu
stellen.l!1ir beeilen uns Ihnen zu Ihrer Information zwei Auszuege .
aUB unserer Korrespondenz ~u senden, denen nur noch hLlzuzufuegen
1st,' dass die im Schreiben des Collecting Point vorn 16.9.50 erwaehnte
Amphora dlJrt imNovemeber 50 von mir besichtigt wurde uhd sieh leider
nicht als die unarige erwiesen hat.
Wir waeren gluecklich wenn es Ihnen gelaenge auf die richtige
Spur zu kOillnen.
lch gruesse SLe, auah 1m Namen von Professor Moebius
als Ihr ergebener
Rieser
1.) Abechrift:
Office ofM~litary Gove~~ent for 8avaria
Munuments, "'ine Arts.
Office for North Bavaria Nuernberg Krelingstr.50
2 June 1948
TO : M. v. Nagnennuseum of the UniverSity of Wuerzburg. Prof .Moebius
••••••••••••
2. Mr. Maley has been contacted in the United States. He••••••
stated that he gave the amphora to the Chicago Art Institute, Chicago,
III, in April 1945. The Art Institute in turn returned the amphora to
the European Command of the US Army in February 1946 • An investigation
is now being carried on in order to trace the amphora througn military
channels •
...... . ......
gez. Andre Kormendi
MFA/A Officer
North Bavaria
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REPRODUCED AT THE NATiONI'-L ARC..I"!'.::'"
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.;~,~,~:":~:~;~!':;~9~,:a~~1:~e ~0$
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,p..... ·i.Wb&tc:18"~':b01'n.1., "stild.'At·onelat.' 1t 1s in4icatedth8.t. art
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;'}'¥~~,;,~I.aeDder
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a]l~'~~·crJ"" of ):lm1tlngr.'epar.at1OD~J' .to external
:U.DI~en; • . ·'.~he, U.·
the ~~tionR .
TQ sudd.enq announce, tba~ :Wf1 Vill,
S:Zone.
open
r,ej>.at.loDs ·WQUl.d
'up .~fl~od .of
L:D1;~~~~:t'!t?~' .8n4would ~'l¥' fJlDbtlrras U8. WiB-a~~6
an,)'i~lO'!III8'lllta to theai ;tbat· there would, be
";l!~pijr,~'iOI.Il.•.I~"''';O~oUa~ •. l·t,,,*~ci al~o,,::be '.
reparai10ns .of. C\Jltural objects
9'!o,..z~_,_"'. ,:thtl German cultur.al· ~1~~
."'P~h1'b1t .·8ltI'aale .of' .~~~ ,~~j~~,~,!i: bl .
· .. ' ;~~ bard' '~l#.Idc..r~~rmd· : ,Coiltrql
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appear ~t MtlUary '~o~e~t
""~~~;", '~fI.~e~\:~it~ionI51b2i:l.:2;;t~, tor aee~,ng: ,!'&t, "'colttiral' .Q~ject8 •.
cl""t'lll\lIlIr.,,'Ct:I'lfl
.' . Gen.ums'ba""e'·rGco~led.thla. fact,
. of ·ttie'~ant.'draftot the ·Bonn. '
f~L.~j~,.;lft'~~.l.il~t·l,(.)n· wili ~·Paa.ed to protect .the
citl.tva1:: pl"Operv.
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Entry 8. ~g 11
FUe
Box 301
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�v .:;Ionday, April 3 J' 19Sc
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for Art
\fi
&:shington (Up) - The U.S.. is
engl1.ged in a worltlv~icie unclercQver
thousands
huh1; for
".'
cd' pricel(;ss
art objects looted from Europe
.
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,;'dllr'ing 'the
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o t eel .our ing
'.;11 Ell'.'
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and. [;;ti11 misfJing.
in t.herie stolon'
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l:n+erf:)sted in
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of Arts and MOnUfJents cigficer Ardelifi Hell
th01J,[;l8.nds of art,.1
,the search ..
811e said
,
'~h1'ough
ffiiiny
hunt.ireds of i teros had been recoverecl,
cooperc:::.t .ion 0 f dealers in t1::.i8 ··country.
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•'Die C011e'geArt Jouma;L,
Vol. XI . ]811, .'19.51' Number 1
:.-.
INTERNATIO
i'
,.
:
AL PROTECTION OF PROPERTY, '"
. !ish text were mergedint a masterpiece of printing in the printing s~oolQf
. the· College. under. the s pervision of Richard H()ffman. TIlis. broadside: we ,
· used as our 19~O:Cbrist. as greeting. The'r~spohses were gratifying. Espe~
. Cililly pleasant.were the congratulations from a f~llowlibrarian who com- .
·mended us upon the'sti ~a'tingeifect our.collection lias on youthful schol
arship in Los Angeles. To give .stimulation and inspiration ,is indeed our
',.
greatest aim.,
.. .
.
THE .'INTERNATIONAL '
'}>ROrECTlbN' OF,'ARTISTIC,
AND:'HISTORIC PROPERTY·,'
, A St'ftemenireieased by the Department o/State1lulj271 1951 •
.. ".A··
'~,MBERofproblems
in,volving i~po~tantcollecti~nsdisrers~d.dur
. : . 109-World Wa.r Uhave"been, the subJect of a senes of mqumes to
, . 'the 'Department"of' Stat~ from the former American h-{onuments,Fine Arts,
and ArchiveS officers who re<;pvered the collections; and took the initial steps
. to .safeguard. ~em.'Most 'of the' problems: which a,re sti1l9utstanding ,await. '
· final determination because inter-Allied agre~ment is required for their settle- ',.,
ment.' .,'.. .. '
.
, ' '. \, ," . " . ' .
. . The collection of the l<assel Museum in Germany remains under quadri- .
partite ctintrol in ,Austriaan,dis stored in', the KUf,lsthistorisches Museum in
Vienna. The' United States Government will continue to'pressJorthereturn
of this impQrtant state qjllection .~o its. original owneishipin. Kassel, GermllfiY. :
"Th~German-owne,dart libr~~ies in Italy; which, w~rer~coveredjnwar'
i:epositories,~yA~eii<:an .authorities,' and' returned.
1946 to Italy from
Austria' ilnqG:ermany 'by Geriera~ E. E~ Hu~e' and General Lucius O. Clay, '
,unde~ Monumen~~, Fine, Arts, and Archivesprocedu~es, have beeh,he~dunder .
t~ipai:tite controL They incluqe the He~tzianaLibrary and the libr'!rie,s .of the .
•(3erman Archeological . Insti~fe of Rome, the Ger.ll1an Historical Institute
for papal history,and,the I,nstitute of the History of 4rt of Flcirence. The
, libraries Ylere placed in the temporary custody of the InternationaI t,Tnion of,
" Institutes. of Arch~logy. ·.fiist9ry, and. History of Art. ,A .protocol, which
alleged that the , libraries. were, economic assets and should be transferred to .
.the Italian' Government, .on t.he condition that the' Italian,90verqment gra~t
,the. Internatiqn~l Union a perpetual.or. 997year lease to ~th.e,li~~aries, was
'pubiish~d ill the'COLLEGB; ARt JOURNAL; vol. VIll, no;'~ "(1949). This
in
----
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-34
THE SLIPE NEGATIVE 'POOL 'OF TAURGO, INC.
.
.
COLLEGE ART ]OURN AL ..
.
.
arrangement 'was not approved ~y the Department and doeS not· represent the
policieS of the United States Govemnient.. The libraries are regarded by this
Government as .cWturalproperty to. be excluded from Gemia.n external assets and to be returned to their rightful owners. Until theirJinal dispositiOn is
detetminedunder tripartite agreement, the. United StaJ;es Government is
.niaking eVery effort to keep the lihrariesopen for use~
...
The Crown of St. Stephen ,of Hungary, which was mrrenderedto the
United States authorities for saJekeeping, is. being beldin trust by the United
States Gove~t. It continues to. be treated as property of it special statUs.
The GoveCllQlent of the United States d~ not regard the preSent junc:tu.re
as opportune or appropriati: for taking action regarding its disposition~·' .
'Restitution in 'lcin4 'or
replacement of cultural property of unique
character was given consideration by the Allied· ControlCou.ticil mBerlin
in 1946 and early in 1947. Aquadripaitite agreement for the implementa~
tion 'of SuCh a policy, however, was never concluded. American policy in the
1947 DiIect:ive to: the Commander-iri-Cliief of the United States ForceS of .
· Occupation (JCSH79, July 11, 1947)p~ohibited replai:einentof :cWttiral
property from ;Gennany's culturalJieritage. Article i 7· ofthisdired:ive reads:.
"; '• .. You will not .'consent to ,any eXtensiveprogrilm for replacement' of
· looted'or,displaced property. which haS been·,destroyed or cannot~be 'lOCated
· whenevenuch replacementoinbe accomplished only at the expense of . , ..
the cWtiualberitageof the German people/'
.
'
,A' spedal resolution opposilfg the
works of art as replacement or
reparations material waS ililaOimously approved by the Alneridul Coinniission
forthePr6tection and Salvage 'of ArtistiC aDd. Historic' MOIlliments mWar
Areas itsfiOalmeeting on,JUne 20, 1946.-lt waSrecoinJllend!'!d that '~cUl
tural objectibelonging to anY-COuntry Qr iridlvidUalshouldnl:lt.be Con·
sidered.or involvi;d in reparations settlemeritsgrowing out ofWorld War IV'
, . With regard to the general obligations under inteinationaJ. law, a reCog.
nitionof the inviolability of cWtutal property· as CQn~ed 'in Article ~6 of
the Annex of the Hague Conveiltion(IV)of 1907 is' regarded:asobligafoiy
upon this 'and other signatory govemmentS. The. UrutedKmgd6m and
France'hlvecitified the Hague . Convention . (IV) of 1907 and. the .uSSR
"recognizedthe Czarist signature to'this convention onNovemt:)er 25, 194J~
The United States GOvernment 'ha,san additional intemati()llal commit·
ment under the· treaty. between :the lJnited StateS ,tif America and other
American Republics, entitled, "Protection Of Artistic and &ientific Institu
tionsandHistoric Moniunents," signed at Washington on: April-15, '1935;
and ratified on' 'the adviee of the, United States Senate by the President on
July 10, .1935. This treaty was concluded to ,the end that "the treasures of·
I
,
I
reads: "The neutrality,of, and protection arid respect dueto, the monwilents
and institutions, mentioned .in the preceding article shall be reCognized in
the entire expanse of territories subject to the sovereignty 'of each of the
, signafory and acceding ~tates, withoutdiscritilin.ation as to the State ~egia:nce
of ,said, monuments and mstitutioris•.The respective Governments agree' to
adopt themeasuies of interi:tal' legislation 'necessary to, insuresllid protection
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.
and respect:' .
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The policy oEthe Uliited States Government is one of respect for artistic
and historic property of allnittions~ It has, been consistently upheld in· all··
United'States Government directives,. military government laW$ and regula"
. tions. of World War II and fully. demoqstrated inthemagn,itudeof the
,accomplishments in the Umted States Zone, of Germany where more than.
seVeD hundted thousand works of art and over four million books have
already i>eeU, recovered and ~ehuned to despoiled nations. It.is the. desire .
and intent oithis Government that, when the final settlementis- reaChed,all .
Culwral'property dislocated by the war willJ:>e restored.to the rightful owners.
THE SLIDEEGATIVE,~P()OL OF •. '
. TAURGQ, IN . AND~ITS.IMP(jR
TANCE,TO C' LEGEEDUCATION
we of
at
35
~~tur~ ~respecte& and protected in time of war and in peace:' Article II
me
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. T·'HE tirg~t need ~Oi a Com
~e~tiv~'
ehensive pooling of
illustrating the .
. . history of art ,ha,s (ong been ~owledged by co~ge art teach~rS. From,
. th!,! stllndpollitof e.conomyand a ailability to theindividuai,institution, ,the
. importance of such a dearing h
.Carinot be ~veremphasized,and it is
jrist this task-oEan o.ver-all correIa 'on of dormant negatives which is now
beingaccor,nplish~by Taurgo, Inc. e6rmdearly realizeS the magnitude of
the job it has Illldertaken. A brief.
. ry of i~ history and a4tieveinentS .
todilte, how~er;shoWs conri!nsively
its aim can be achieved and that ad:
educat()rsthrougbouttliec()untljare c peniting- in every possible way to
insure the beriefits.~ such a plan proff s.
., . .
. .
Taurgo,. me., Was established in Nov , ri 1949 to offer 4" X ·5" contact
photographic prints froinslide negativeS a a cost which,:\,orild put them
within the fihaDcial reach of the indiVidual's 'dent. This represented the first'
attempt inmany~years to,put the problem o~ uStratio~ foi·the teaching of
and broader baSis. FrotI). j inception, therefore; .the firm
. , . act hiStory on a
was plagued with the problem of building uP. negative collection. wliich
new
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••_~~DUC~~~TIONAlARCHIVES'! r ~J,:jw..Iy~'~.u:;....-+-"""'''+--::-t-
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Entry <Pif·lliv.:
J~~ox '2:2:::.. ..1
.
__ ·_
G~~"t;:;;;;
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNjlENT FOR
Economics Division
Rostitution Branch
APO 742
January 1948
Reference, lett0r this hcadquarturs dated
The Office of Military Government for G0rrnany (US), on 10
.
Novembor 1947, has published Military Gov0rhmen~ Law No. 59 (Restitution
of Idontifiable Property) 'an internal restitution law providing for tho'
restitution of identifiable property which wa.s taken from its right.~ul
ovmors' by the Nazis during the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945
through trcmsactions .undor duross arising· froindiscrimination because. of
race, religion, hationality, ideology and pol:1.tical opposition to Nation
al Socialism.
.
. This .law' covors property ident.ifiable and 10C:,],ted. in the US'
Zom; of Occupation, inclwiing Land Bremun; i'~ is not applicablo to the
U.S ~ ,Sector ofth0 City of Berlin, nor to any other Zone of Occupation;
nor is it applicable to property brought into ;Germany from countries
occupiodby German forces.
.
The le..\v was published in .the llFedcral Rogist8r" of 29 November
Copies arc available from the Office of the Sup0rintendentof
Documents, Govornnient Printing Offi'C6, Washington .25, P.C. andfrom ....t ho
gov0rnm0nt of thli country in which you rcs'id0 or of which you aru~ national.
1947.
.
All (';ld,~;rls undur this law must bu filed bofore 31 Decomber 1948
with tho ZEN'ffi.{·,:",M.j'\.;ELDEJ\1iT (Central Filing Agoncy) BAD NAUHEIM, Germany.
An outline fS tc 11c" to file such claims is contained in "Regulation No.1
under Military Golfcr:llT.cnt Law No. 59".
. All infoimution at present on file in this.. office r0garding
your claim will bG made available to the Zontralanmoldeamt (Central Fil
ing Agoncy). Howover this does not constitute a filingundcr the law.
This offico has no further responsibility :;Ln the proc()~,:sin:g of claims
for lIintcrn£',lllrcstitution. It should b(; noted that thisoffi.ce has
novor boen charged with such lIintl~rnal" restitution, but un:::.il Military
Govorr:ullent Law No . . 59 was passed has'answopcd lottcrson the subject of
any claims for works of art~
,
_ _ _ _ _ .~
~
..... -:'.....:.--'.
~.~_,.....
_ _ •_ _ _ _•
_ _ _ ---r-_ _ • _ _ _ _ _
~
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-
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......
------.------.".
"
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.,.
�This soction 1I'r.i.ll continue to r8stitutc cultural. property
brought int9 Gl~rmany from. countl'ius occupied by Gorman forcos to the
goyc.rnmonts of the countries from which it was rcmov0d.
.
/
Sinceroly yours,; ..
.
:
"
I?ICHARD F.· HOt;,iARD
Chief,. lviFA&A Section
.
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REPROO~EO AT THE NAnONAL ARCHIves:
DECLASS!FIED
t ,.
. ~j;J~.ty/:r'f'I-"".u:;...-+-.),,(..,~:...,-
!
. V"v
f' Y,lJ
r
I,
January 1948
Reference, 'letter this headquartt:rs dated
.TheOf:t:ice of Military Govunmcnt for. Germany (US), on 10
November 1947, has published MilitarY Gov:ernment Law No. 59 (Restitution
of Identifie.blc Property) an internal rcstitutj.on law providing for the
restitution of identifiable property Yihich was taken fromJ.ts rightful
O1mers by the. Nazis during the per~od from 30 January 1933 to 8 irla.y 19L~'5 .
through transactions under duress arising from discrimination because of
race, religion, nationality, ideology and political opposition :to NB.tion...;
al Socialism.
.'
. '
Th:5, la~'i' covers property identifiable andlfcfltcd in the US'
Zone of Occupc;.tion,incJ.uding Land Bremen; it is not applicable to the
U.S. iiector of t '.. (;:; City of Bcr.li:n;l1or to cny oth0r Zone of Occupation;
nor is it applicable to property brought into Germany from countries
occupied by Gorman 'forces;
'l'ho la1'T was published in the !'Federal Rogistcr ll of 29 November
1947. COpil;S \aro 'available from the Office of t.he SupcrintOIldcnt of'
Documonts, Government Print~ing Off~cc, Hashington 25, D.G~
I
All claj.ms ll.'1(1t;:;r this law must be filed before 31 Docember
1948 vrith the ZENTRALA1\lI,ilELDEAHT (Central Filing Agency) BAD NAUHEIf:.:!,
Germany. An outline. as to how to file such claims is contained in
llti.egulation No.1 under iJilitary'Government Law No. 59".
,
.
,.
. All information at present on file in this offico rcgard:~ng
;lTour claim 'will be mo.dc available to the. Zentralanmoldcamt (GentralFil
ingAg:.;ncy )",However thi.s docs not constitute a filing Unaer the law.
This Office has, no furthor responsibili,ty in the processing of Claims
for "int0rnal" res.titution. It should be noted that this office has'
nover been· chargGq"with such lIintvrnal" rostitution, but until Military
Government La'w No. 59 was passed has answered letters ont-he subject of
any claims for works of art.
.
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_D~~LASS!FIED
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.1 Entry "lb /lw.,.I.
If>it
j Box.
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. : ;.B)l.
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OFFICE OF MILITfffiY GOVERNlliiENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
Economics Division
.Restitu tioi~?BrC'nch
APO f42
Bi..;rlin, GCrmany
··,r
'January1948.
Rofcrcncv letter this hoad.quartcrs dated
.,
.
. Tht) OfficCJ of Military Govornml;nt for Glirmany '( US), on 10
Novwnbcr 1947, has published Military Govorrunont Law No. 59 (Restitution
of IdcntifiabllJ Property) an internal restitution law providing for the
restitution of identifiable property which was taken from its rightful
owners by tho Nazis during the period from .30 January 1933 to 8 May 191+5
through transactions under duress arising from discriminationbccauso of
race, rpligion,nationality, ideology and political opposition to Nation
al Socialism.
This law covers property identifiable.; and located in the US
Zonc of Occupation, including Land Bremen; .it is not applicable to the
U.~. Sector of the City of B,.rlin; nOF ;to any otht)r Zone of Occupation;
nor is it applicable td property brought in~o Gi..;rmany from countries
occupicdby German forces.
.
The law was pUblishi..;d in tho "Feo.oral Rcgist(.;r ll of 29 November
1947. Copies arc available from the Office of the Suporintvndent of
Documents, Govurnm;..;nt Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. and from the
gov9rnm,.mt of the country in which
.
resides or of which
.
a national.
All claimsundcr this law must be filed before 31 December 1948
'idth the ZENTRAIJ.NMELDEAMT (Central Filing Agency) BAD NAUHEIM, Germany.
An outline e.s to how to file; such claims is . contained in "Regulation No.1
under Military GoY-l;rnment Law ~o. 59".
.
All information at prCsL;nt on filt) in this office regarding
this claim will be madt) available totht) Zentralanmeldoamt (Central Fil
ing Agcncy). However this d00S not constitute a filing undIJr the law. .
This.officc has no furtl1cr responsibility in the procossin~ of qlaims
for "intt)rnal" rl;stitutioh. It should be noted that ·t;hig"offIcc has
nevl.;r bCi..;n charged with such Hintvrnal ll rvstitution, but until Military
Gov-.:rruncnt Law No. 59. VTC'.l.S. Pllsscd has answorQd·lotturs.ol!l· the sUbjoct of
any claiffis for' works ..o f' '.~rl. '. ..' . ".: ~:. ..'. '.' ;/<: : : . . . : '
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REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES'
.
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Entry ~.1hv.
Box,~-i
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This s'action will continue to restitute cultural property
brQught into Germany tromcountrics occupied by German forces to the
gove~en~~oftheciountril)s fromwh16h it was rQlIlovod~ .
.' Sincerely yours,
,",
.
RICHARD F. HOWARD
Chicf, MFlI&A Section
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1946
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clG.BJ!~:GT:
Interzol!u'i,l )~})tchange or' Qultural Objeots •
.
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Director. effiee o'fr.%111tar1 Government for
l'iavarla. JLPC403. i,i. I;. Army.
.
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Director. Office of ,tAilltary 00VQl'nment for
Wtirttemberg-Badel.t. AIO 447. U.. ~5" Army.
,1J1rector, Uffice' ot
, Grea.terHesse • .1\\,1:'0
t~H.lit&rY Government for
6,3, U. s. /,;.rmy.
'
1.
In order to relieve theUnlted ,:)tates 'forces and
of at ;:ortionof the1rre3;~onslbilit:i.es
of maillt,eining th,e security of llUmerous repositories of
t~ult;ural objects ,in the lfnited Htates Zone, and itl order
to f;lf~j.llt3te the, ra-€tstablishment of necessary cduea
tiion,?.. l 1nst~t;utlbl15 in Germ.an;y, it is the p,ollcy of the
lmitod L'It&tes ;;g.l:.ll'ta1"y Govel'nor to authorize interzonal
!£n:chan.ge bet~een the United dtates and the l:lr:i.tish Zones
i
of Occuj:'!9.'bion,
'C4i.1rta.in Ciernum 'Cultural objects re
1::tOved for wilrt itni" , s&euri ty 'froll1 ODe of the ' above-r.tention:ed
/:::ones t.o the other.
i!illt~i.r:r GOVEu:"ntt!ent
of
2~
Jultural. religious, historic.l and educatioDal
(Hi 'are ueua.lly :round inm.U5:5eU111s. c(,11eet1ons,
archlv':):!3 01' lib.I~Urlell are ff.\Itborlzee for removal from the
obj~ctr::
U..
s.
2,u.ch
):~one' lnlht;ijr~H'Jnal'
cx,chanf};8 , with the follovd.ng ex
Ct'pt:l,cns 1 - ' ."
a.
(is .p'.rrt of a
:'::.~ien'tifie equ.i,prnerlt
mUSeUlit eoLlfbction.
llot EHl,sily ide.ntifiable
'0.
j?rQP~,t:'i;;y of);;.rivRte 'indi viduals ~ unlei3s such
p'r,'c fH:~rty had bee,u'· Oil loal.: to Ii" plJbltc in~:;ti tutioo, for
e(hH::ati{H)~ll :PU.:r~lioses, for ~lt le:'ls!,siX"l4..v duysprior to
TEHrioval •.
'"
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Cultural object!::1 the safet~yOf which would be
er.ld'J.l\1!i;;eradbY 'tb;~:'{;Ondltlon3. of mov.i:o.{~.
N~i 11 tary
(}.Cuttur";il objact~~ ran:.oved from t.he l}er lin
.iH-stI'ict to the 'i),nit~ed ~~tates Zone.
I
f,l
f
r':
�',.~. Returp?of.'such cultural objects is authorized under
the followihgconditionsa
a. <i'hatthe objects in q.uestion ·are' bona fide
pro,party of' a. public or otherwise recognized cultural insti
tution, and· not of'i'private individv.als, with:, the exception
noted. in paro 2 b."s.bove.
'
G
~-
',I .
·1>•. "rhat"the request for ·the return of such objects
is directed to Office of Milita,ry Government for Germany
(U.8.) by the headquarters of the requesting Zone.
c.',,' Tha.t:~hen such material is loc.ated t ' represe·n...... ··
tatives oft4e requesting Zone, invited through Office of ,"
..HlitiJ.ry Government'forGermany (U.~::;.). assume custody and·
responsibility agS:.:l.:nst receipt and effe,ct immediate removal.
d. ,That-:.the remova.l of objects from the United
. .~·tutes :0 one . be effectedentlrely by personnel and transpor
tation of the requesting Zone.
!
,
.
.ile." 'l'hat"~he object swill; be held in custody in"
(lermany by the Military Comm.ander of the receiving Zone
under adequate.condltions of protection' and preservation
,subject to any dete~mination of their ultimate disposition
by the Allied COR~rolCouncil.
'
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.
.',
f.' ,'rhat·~.the lViilitaryGovernor of the receiving
Zon.e undertakes to restore to the Zone from which delivery
has been made any:::object deliverediby error •
., .
FOi{ THE <'DEI-TIllY Ai.ILI'l'ARY GOVEH.NOH;
,
Annex trA n
..!'
. P roposed ,Form of
. Recc'ipt
BRYAN I.J. MI1.BUH.N
Brigadier General, GSC
Chief of Staff
,'l'elel;hone B~R1P,{ '43255
.,; .. j
O:i'E'ICIAL: - . ' "
.
,1". W. MARSHALL·
1t. Col.' AGD
Adjutant General
''',
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I. The, undersigned,
"
senting the ,Military Government
~~one, of Ocelj'p~ed Gemaay hereby
f~rJJ tbeC~!,~
c.
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or the Officer, repre
.,
acknowl-;;a: ""'tP'!!h-e-re-c-elpt
.....
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Forcesill G,e~an.;yl of EEe Items <Iescrl&;l In sClidiiIe "A f •
a~aeb.ed
on behttlf
Forces in GetmallY.
ot theC. 1n C.
'
'
"
fOll~~i~i<:
, II. 11le delivery of these' it_a i8 subject to, the
conditions' .
,a. 'fhritthe" objects are be... tlde prope;-ty of a public
'or'otherwise NcopS.ee4 cul~ural1nBtitutlon located .
in.. t~e 'Zone of the :Recel.1D:g Povier~~ or, it. property
, of a private 1Jl4iv1dual" have been GIl loan to such·
'iDstl tutlon Rot 1&,88 tha1\ 'sixty da;ra 1'1"101" to removal
'. from" ", th'e"'Recelv1,l1g Zone.l
"..,'
.
b. ,That the,: objects be :retained in Germany 1n the custody
ot such public or otherwise recognised institutions
, .', whose property tbey are.: or of the Comma:n(ler oftne
!ieee1 vlzl~~ ,?tone' under ade;quate conditions otprotectioQ
and' preservation, subjec:tto fJrIY'future determination
of thelr.~\U.timate dispceltloaby the Allied Control,
"
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.
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c. Notwithstanding Para. b. above. theMl11tary Gove1"'Qment '
Authortt;ies of both the ,Deliver-inla.nd Receiving, Zones
shall b,e, deemed ex_"t f:1'OIl a.ny claim tor 10s8, daraalG.
"or eteriorat1on sufre~4 'b7 aD3. item (\ur1:ig the , ' ,
d
period'pi its storage wi_ill their respective ZOD.S,
", ,~t\Occi1patioDln Genaant.
,:,.,
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4. 'The Commander otthe ReceiVing ZOIle undertakes'to re- .
store to, the ZlOB. trom'wh1cb. delivery ,haa been made ,
.a:ri.y' ob;'t?-ct whieb bod b~nd.11vere4 by lli1atue.
"
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Slpatureof 'ranafer~ . i3!pature of Re
ee1.1n,!;,Offleer
ing Ottieer
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Signature· Typeu
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bapaclt'Y of
::;a~er
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TItle
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<!apaclty 01
Signer
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TJoTl,L(J1J1I Al~041n~ .I
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: REPRODUCEDATTHENATIONALARCHI'
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DESCRIPTIO!
' OWNER
of C'ondltion of, Object)
:(~iie.l.uding:,:,Statemel'lt
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��could sell i tto a:fbreign dealer without a license.
6 ... The annotations state 'that the 'Ministers for Cultural
itff airs of the' Lander have agreed that the laws regulating the ex...
port of works of art. in the various ,Lander shall be identical' as far,
as PQssible. That is in deed imperat;ive. It is, .however, no .less
desirable that' one agrees on what actuallyconstitutes national im~
portance of. a work of· art. On thifl po1nt there seems to be a vast
difference of, opini.on. Bavaria wants' to include only nSpi tzenleist.
ungen", mainly of German art, while other Li1nder ,plan to include a
great deal more. A"tually legislation of this kind w}:lich touches
customs and border' coilt.ril. is S'. matt,er of concern for the Federal
Government rattier than for the Linder. Since' a Federal Govemment
will be established in not too distant a future the questionrri&.V,: be ,
raised whether the Land.er shoilldnot content themselves with 'an In- .
,terim legisla.tion,· 'leaving the final 'settlement of the problem to .
the Federal G o v e r n m e n t . '
'
7. The author of the draft seems to have paid little
or no attention to what corresponding legislat~on has been enacted
in other countries. England, for example, has 'a l&tw which is ad.- .
mirablein many' resp'ects. A. good deal ,mole research ought to be. done
on the problem~' Acom~ission of representatives from each Zone might,,'
be appointedto'llnd~rtake ,such job. What is needed is a. sound !LaW"
not mere pa.~chwork.,:
. ,,"
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.EDGAR BREITENBACH
. US CIVILIAN .
MF'A&.4. .' qFFICER
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SEunET
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Staff ""lap Con.trol
tnoomins
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P R I .0 R I T Y
EUCO" . f1T/280
TOO
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TOR 2823301
.
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. ~DEn:~'OF THm ARMY FROM cHlEFClVIL AFFAIRS
'FROM
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1'0 FOR ACTIoN
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'CINCmO!t ~
TO FOR .INFO , ..
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··.muoOliJ,': OSFA ..
: CITE I
28 AUG 48
OSOAD-ECON
ReouraclaNov 45 WX...e0965i Mar 46 WX-99226, unoa .Jul 00-5824.
Fo1 for. YO'l1r 1ntoiD. an.veed. U8 pOI apd by State and Arrtl'/ Dept, which i l DOW
in process of being prijpared tor bsuaD.ca a8 direetlve to you t
.
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."Subj of' thls directive 18 erlernal rutl.tution from Gel'ft'UlD1.
1. This directive is i88"..ted to you ... Oo_odin! Gen of t.h.US
Force8 01 Occupation and a8 un (JoverftOr in OJ!'JRMAN'Y. It ampl1 fie II Para 'l7:!. of J'08.
1119/1 (SWNC()";'2'P /4andsuper.ede. WX.85965, Nov 45. ail amended· (SVVNCC-204/2 h .
and WX-99226. Mar 46, iJiL'amended (SiNCC-204/5. Pai"a,:2 uta forth the. b.ti1c pop(..
cies of this govt 'wbhh affeot external restitution. Para S !IT Seq represent .
Ipsoi fie inatra.otiorui b':.~ui upon these bade PC?ilo1e8.
.
"
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_,
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.
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.
, '2. 'You\dl1 be' governed by tha fol basic policies of your gOYt
program of reatitution from GDI4ANh .
.4"f
in oomple~1ftg "th~
A..
.,
(1) Polioy of fulf1lliogioternatl obllptioDa anel re
sp' cting property rlght.~
' .
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.
. -,'
" ( 2 ) Polloy_ofgiv..ng economic and political a ..1stance
.to countries partio1pating in tbeJ!luropean Reco wry Program.
: .,:: ':;(9) Pelioy"ofprotectingtb8 aulturalhorltage of all
nations.
B.
(1) Polioy of denying oertain typel of produots to coun
triea In Soviet orbit.
.(2) ,Policy of me'"ting e ..ential reqmt8 ·of the mio1.mwa
GermaD economy.' ,
'(3') Policy of avoiding tb8')'reBtltutloDof p1"Operty to the
SOVIET UNtONol'" a Sovi.t Satellit. whiob'is olaimed independently by a noa-natl 01"
a refugee _tlCf.,~. ~.~~1mant govt.
!
DECLASSIFIED
I:~~~~ ~~~~%l
"",
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REPRODUCED ATTHENATlONAl ARCHIVE
�.'."
RfPR?P.~5Eci-AT THE NAT1oc::'l A.'~Cr'IVl';~'
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(4) Policy otbnnging the .enU,.. re.tliut:l.on prQgJ'8IIl'
corioluaion .1,,800n •• iI. f e a d b l e . , , \ :,'.'
.. .,..
8. Poliolas 2A(1) and 2A (2), ,",paratel,. or .gether: Gll pre.
vall over poliq 2D (2)uDle•• the prope",. larequlredtor the GermanatlOnolll1 .
v4tb great UrgallGJ', comparable, ma, wlth .the nee. to reta.1ft rolling 8"tock •.
to
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4•. With· re to pollo, aB (1) 'ou .will from tlmew time be given
,u14afteaaato the JU'O~ota wb1ob'thb 10"" deal". 1io aal11 to tha econolD)' of
the SO~IET omON a'" i~ . . .tell!t... You will .uspend re.titut1on Ofsuob pro
Set8 'tra GERNANr eV8ftl1 th.,. app-.r aubj to ,.stltution bJ Intemai.l ave...
ment untIer polie, 2A (2). You VI111 &lao IUBpend Nlt1tuiion 1n all.06a• • . •re
there i ... oonfilot batwGen tho,Ul'gen reqan. oltha German)' economy a8 1ruUoatea
in .2D (2) and in"terraU obllgat (ona.8tat84 in 2A (1) and al.o when t1»ro1& a
o.onf~{ctb"'en t'he polloy.ln 2A (1) and 2D (3). You ahould report aotion taken
uu<l.eri.'th 1e~"'tOg.tbar With t1w ground. 'tb...1or..
. ,
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.
.
5. You· 'aho1l1d. ",hare po••ible, .avoid 1nfCll'1d.ng tberepres.nta-,
t1 vee of oy a1&1J1181'1"coun'tl"J that IlL olaim baa b_a "terNd·or
0'11 the
groundst8.t fOriAI.ni..,.. ~I (1), (2), or (3) abow. In 8uoh cas•• other ]c.gal
OJ" pr~cedural lI"otm4-.:;&ho\11o, 1f pudble.. be .taw •. You ahould oonsult
,ourgon betore _king an, own retuaal to eseoute an agreer.ttIDt to 1Ih10.h tbs
OS 1. a
",.cted
parv.·
.,:;;.':,
6. The 1epl b lILeeafor resti tlltioaw the tm &"'8 the agNell,mts
of tiM A111ed OoatrO'1Auth. 8010111 althey are 00081481".4 to' be 1n force.
Property removed tr.·&:.UNla the cour.a ot a traneacUon ellentially ooJll;SrGial
1n charaoteri. no't, Oi:uiiWlered to be· 8ubj to reatl,tution u.nder8uch. agreements.
t'
···'.The lepl. ba••• for r ••titutiorl
ITALY, .RUMANIA, HONGARY J.\J(I
BULGARIA a:rct'tbe.rale.nt provialoll8" tbe v.aU•• ofpeaee 1IIi th thcee OO\Ult~ ••
In the ab••nc.Of Control Counoil ~.101l lmple_ntlq the treatie.,
will
.
PI"O".u wttha-e.1i'ht16D'to tb088 countrie••• pro1lid.df in thia .4!r'eot1w.. You
mIl bear s.,.mli1d .t.bat i.propert, wblob. 18 1.1I,'ull, own.a b7 • nail""" ,ITALY. RU.
MANIA,HUNGARY, or 'BULQARIA, whlobll cleum1n8a.to be not Bubj to restitution
ul'\der Para 2 of tbe relevant article of the peao. traaiJ'. fal1~ under Para 1 of
such 81'"tiole.
.
.'
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.
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.8.,· Y.ou.,:w.ll;l :make r ••t1 tutioAto AUStRIA of property removed from
12~d1,'1938 UPOD U. S&mII ..termal a8 are set forth in the rele
vantarib"' .•t,tbe 'lntaUel of petoerefarred to
181"a "
thb directive •
.YOu will ocordlna:ure,t'itU'tion to AUSTRIA with tbIi· .OS High Conmd.8sioneJ' I" that,
at bt, 4i80l"8Uol'l, 8nclWithtft tba .......· avail toldm. produotl, wb, to pallor
_tat.din PS,. 3D (l),'lIaybe denied entrr into Soviet Oowple4 Areas•.
'j/aTRIA at'tor
.
.t
in
. 9.i"Youdll _ke reatitut10n to 1I'lNllAND ,in the .ame mann8J"
trea'tJ' of' peace e,j.~'ft.d bj that country.
the US w8~8al.lpatorf;'\Of<the
,~,
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If
'
. 10. You wll.l mate re.t1t1Jtlon to I'VJ..I, RULIAHIA. HUNGARY, BULGARIA.
AUSTRIA, AN'D lI'IrfLAND of·'Itl'Operiy remowc1 from the•• countrie8 una... ciroumatanc••
wh,"oh do not:'allw1th1n, the .tenll8 of the treati.•• of peace or ol'ara 8 ,and 9
of thl, dizoeeUva' .....,.'to em 80 apill art equitable ahd tole frollapplloation of
the pollclds811·':fcrthln-Para.a. 3 and 4 ottb1i41rI'ctive. In partioular, and
w!:tbout lSJa:lt1iagthe.generali'tyot the foregoing, you "\1'1'11 . . . reetltution to
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. property J'elo'.Jed fro. t1st ooUiltl"1 • • • • at fortb in ArUole " of .I'~lJ.aa .
f'8ace tNa..,.,alUl" 23 July 43. including proper'" 1'_0 .... 4 br or undvtb8.. aiI"th
01 the .0-ca11.4 Ropubl1oan Vaedet Oovt.
' .. ;':
11. .You w111 report to tht. gon, witb ,oW" reco. .n4ationl •
tbe' fa4U 'Ill th· ,.••peri ,to aD1 ,propertr 1Jl:ateh appears 'to bay. b••nrs:iov.. 11"0.•
.ALBANIA by tbeGeraana bJ force OJ" &u...... '
12•. '1'ba 418,011tlo1l .f prope:rty reovodlrom LATVIA. ';sroNIA,
anA LITHUANIA 18 lubl'to, lateraodeion aoept tar lIb!p. whicb;~r.d1spo.abl •
. under 1b1a agHe.at
WX-843" ,lIApr11 46 ). SOVIET UNIOWiii ,ftetr'8eogni ua
a. "prOperreat!tutton clalmaDt fOr properiJ removed fl"OlD thaa.coudrU8.. '
.
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13.· '!be reriltut101l of 1'&1.1ft, rollinS swok &l'u1 .flnlan4
_tlR"way C1"Iltt ell be gover.ab,. apecial aft'ogeme'l"h with tbec1a1Dan*' pyam
mentl. Th,e Cli_poaitlcn of lootod gold, .Gun-enol••, and aeourltu.wUl be mado
purs~t to a e p & j & 1 e , l n a t r u o t 1 O l l a . "
,
,14~ ,Oonttr.. tle ourad, AU,11-86914. 10\1 are nth _ anncl'lO.
31 D.o :le 81 tarset 4aw for terml... tlng reatt taatl. 011 cleliwtie.,au'bj'tio oon
ditiaRa 01ted 111 uraa.'JUl C0-5324. 1I
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ADDmD [lIST TO (JIG REST DR URLSRUHI
BY Ole.' SMO 1 SEP 48
INFORMATloth
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AG REOORDS
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Aut'ioritJ IJ 1JD1Jt;;' b'
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OOWmENmIMr-
PRIORITY:
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ACTION
DEP.A..~ OF S~
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AIR POtTCH
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773 Mq 3, 1950
DCR
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Depts A-561, April 15, 1900
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~ench ProPosal. on External Reatitatit Program
stIBJEOI!;
:m.ro
2 Enclosures
san
French proposal on exterul restitution program, presented to the,
High Commission on March Z1, 1950, is attached . .eto as enclosure
No.1 (BIOOM!P(to)57).·
. ! '
The proposal, at suggestion of restitution personnel on :sritish
and '11. S~ sides, was referred to Property Sub-Committee and discussed.
by it on April 13, 1950 and a@in on .April Z1th.
I
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,
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.Amerij' position at Jpril 13th meeting was ;stated as follows:
'
a., to obtain tripartite S&'L"eement for' the termination of
all restitutions activities through admini strative procedures as
of 3J Se,Ptembe:f',1960, with a provision that properties for which
releases have been issued prior to that date will be delivered
to the claimant'nation.
.
b. 'that the date of 3J September 1950 will not affect exist
ing agreements between the occupation autho~i ties and other govern
ments which concern rolling stoclcs and. in] ana waterways transport
. c:raft_\ c
.. ' :
'1 .
'.'
.
tbatthe date of 3J September 1960 will not affect the
existingpoliC1,V in the '11. S. Zone concerni.ng receipt of claims
for cultural objects of considerable value qr importance to the
culturalharitage of· the c1a:!mallt nation. !
. C.·i
d. that the date 00 SeptEmber 1900 will not affect the
settlement of cla1ms for oompensation filed prior to that date. ,.'
. e. I tbat:t;he principle of restitution Qf properties looted
from:n:T0. .1ed.CO.,.,~tries resul.ting from the.. London dea;Fation of
.•
5 J ·,1943retila1ns uncb.a.nged.
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f.; that the date of 3J September 1950 will not affect the
delivery of monetary gold uncovered. in Germal:l1' to the tripartite
gold commission' in Brussels pursuant to existing international
agr~ements.
,
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.g.l that • upon f~~e to obtain trip lt ite agreanent for
j.
the 3) SePtember 1960 suspension date, the
S. Elgh Commissioner
inform the other Elgh Commissioners that tl1 restitutions opera,..;.
tions in the U. S. Zone will continu.e under !our present poliCW,
and that they will be informed when the oper;ations are o:>mpleted•.
British made :co definite com tment beyond stating that 1;hey . .' ::' > '
regarded progralJl as)Javing been concluded. so far as acceptance of . .
....
claims was o:>ncerned, on March 31., 1950, and that this position iIr.
eluded claims for culttiral properties. They indicated that ,matter
would be r~rred to superiors, and that in reference, the American
PO, sition 10 ldng to. completion all restitution ac1;ivi ties (except
cultural pr erties) by Septanber 3), 1950 would be taken into
account.,'
.
French at April 13th meeting attempted to minimize difference
in practice in their Zone and U. S. Zone, s:nd oraU! stated intentiop.
. to modifY the written French proposal to limit it onl.y to art, and
cultural ob ects. They further Offered to produ.ce a new paper at
susequen meet .'reflecting this position. '1,
-
:.......;.
!
Tb.e·.meeting·appeared to reflect a feeling. of· reasonable harmony
of view on most points as expressed by the representatives present.
No new developments occurred at the April 27th meeting. How
ever, the p~oblem appeared to be somewhat complica.ted by the receipt
of a new leiter from Chancellor .Ad.eneuer concerning a German proposal
for the est.lblisbnent of B.~al agency for the coordinEition ana
eviIUat10n Qf restitution CljrlDlS for cultural objects. This 'letter,
dated .AprU 12.1950 s:nd addressed. to the Chairman.
the Allied High
Commission; .wa.s. at our suggestion, referred. by the Economic Committee
on i\pr11 26 totbe:Preperty Su.~Committee. The paper is attached. as
enclosure No. 2 (AGSECl60)743).
.
or
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Our preliminary Statement on the .Adenauer letter indicated only
that \!Ie would gi.ve it careful consideration, a.l~bou@:l. we had reserva
tions
~ta of tha proposal. !Ihe.!lr!II~lsh and French both
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It i.8 in~'end.ed to discuss this matter further with Mr-. Heinrich
upon his ret
here after ~ ~d. Mr. Heinrich: is familis:r with
the basis f·· the new proposal and. bas discussed. lsome a.spects of it
with the per~ons DBmed in Mr....1\de:tlall8r's letter.
0
Oar further views on tbe .Adena:a.er letter will be communicated
to the Department in the near future, as wll as further develoP
ments in the proposal submitted by the F.ranch.
o
.1,'.
FRJ\NK J. MILLER
Cbief l topertY' Division
Office 0 Economic Affairs
Enclosures:
1. HIOOM,f.p,(50)57)
Z. ~(50)743)··
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·"'-~rW~f .. REPROOOCEDAT
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DiVISion OF LIBRARIES AND IBSTlTUTE$
MAY 1 G ,ss~
. D~~t@I ~ ~!AtE
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WGA
D-3e
November 17, 1949
PAPERS ON' WESTERN GERMAN ARRANGEMENTS
~ol1cy
Directlve to the United States
HlghCommls sioner for GermanI_
.
(4) b. Wlth respect to external restltutlon, you should
return identlfiable looted property. other th9.n gold and rolllng
stock, .to the government of the co·untry from whlch 1 twas take.n,
wlth the exception of property clalmed lndependently by non
natlonals or refugee natlonalsof clalmant oOtmtrles, under the
exlatln . operatlng instructlons of your Government. lou ~~()l!id
also:
1
endeavor to obtaln trloartlte agreement 'on a datIL
oreterabl· not
tel" than Sent ember =!'O 1950. for the term1natlo.t!
o all restitution A.ctlvitleet other than soeoial oases Of
materials imoortant t the oultural herlta e of the ola.imant
eOl1nt~.
2·
e. lvei- moneta.ry gold uncovere
n ·ermany 0
ine 'fr part1te Gold Commisslon 1n Brussels pursuant to exlsting
international agreements; (3) effect tl'le d1spoR1tlon of non...
German rolllng$tock round ln Garmany at the end of the war .
ln aecordance with appllcable agreements and such instruotlons
as may be 1esuedae th.e need arlses; (4) pursuant to existlng
agreements, del..1.'Y.cr to the appropr1a te a.genoy valuable personal
property looted from Hazl vlctlJUs which 1a not restltutable.
c. With respect. talnternal restltution, 1t ls the
pollcy of your .Government tba:t persona ana organlzations depr1ved
. of thelr prope:rty as a result of Nati<:H'lal Socia11st rselal.
religious, or pol1tlcald1scrlm1natlonshould elther have
1dentlfiable property returned to them or be compensated therefor,
and tta t .he lrless. and uncla1med pronerty subject to internal
restitutlon s.~::>uld devolve to approprlate suooessor organizatlDns.
To carry out this polley J you should seek agreement from yout;·1
Br1tish and French colleagues to p'erouade the Germa.n Government
'to'
.. ' . ela a tJrilf:orm I
al Restltutlon :w, whIch
should grant to claiman s J 0 he greatest posa .... Ie extant, all
substantlve rlghts now ave..l1able to thelil under Unl ted eta tea
Military Government Law No. 39. The German Fed,efal Go~.,ernInent,
or, 1n its d1scretion, the Land. governments should be· respons1ble
'lor the executlon and adm.lnlstratlon of the Law, subject t!J review
by non.-Germanappel1ate Trlbunals. These 'trlbuna·le would be the
8uprem'e appellate authority for cases arising under the L.;.w;
they should beqppointed by the Allied Hlgh Commissioners and
should act by maJority vote. tIo.ltl the taw: becomes etf"er,tix~
~t&a.nd gQ.vetnments sDOUl§, c.ontinue to §xecute ~;datlng mill tarz
government restltution la~s, subject to mlnimum necess9.ry pollcy
control and supervlslon a.s presently exercised by the occupa.tlon
authorl tie B.
Closely related
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Closely related to the problem of restitution is
the problem of indemnif1cation of persons who suffered personal
damage or injury through ns. tional Socialist persecution beeau s'e
of rac1al. religious or 1deolog1cal reasons. It 1s the policy,
of' the Un1ted States Government that these persons should reoeive
indemnificatIon 1n German ourrency f'or such 1nJury or damage.
The Laenderrat of the Un1tedStatee Zone h9.B recently promulgated
'legislation of this nature. toS!!.ther wi~.h ..l.Q'tl;r ~ritish and
F..,rench colleague s you should urge the German Federal GOvernmen t
to enact approprl& te leg! sra'tlon 1n this 1'leld.
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16 Frantfurt am Main
My
Cop y
dear Mr. Chancellors
I refer to your letter of September 30, 1950 in which
you furnished the Allied High Commission additional informatlon
on a "German Committee of Experts for the Purpose of Dealing
with Matters of Restitution of Works of Art" which was
established by the Permanent Conference of the Ministers for
Cultural Affairs. I also refer to a previous l~tter onthis
subject dated April 12, 1950 in which you requested 'that
the Allied High Commission examine the question whether approval
could be given to the establishment of a Central German Agency
for Restitution. ~his is a matter which touches upon one of
the problems to be studied in relation to the political
decisions of' the Brussels Conference and will be discussed
between the Allies and the Federal Republic when studies have
progressed sufficiently far on both sides.
However.. without awaiting the final establishment of
contractual or other arrangements with respect to the restitu
tion of works' of art I would at this time a pprove the transfer
to the }lederal Republic of the custody of certain cultural
properties now in possession of ,HICOG as well as cultural pro~er
ties held in temporary trust by the Land Hesse and by the La£d
Bavaria. (All these properties are presently located at the
'Central "oHecting Points at Wiesbaden and Munich). I would
therefore welcome the imnedjate establishment of an official
, agency by t he Federal Government for this purpose. Various
aspects ot-the proposed transfer have already been informally
discussed between EICOG representatives and member.s of the
German Committee above mentioned, notably Dr. Dieter Sattler..
President of the Committee, and Dr. Ludwig Reydenreioh, its
secretary.
It is
His hcellenQy
The Chancellor of the F'ederal Republic of
Palaia Schaumburg,
150-160 Koblenzer Strasse,
Boon.
Apr 4... 1951
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It is intended that the Federal Government, at the time of
the transfer, will assume full responsibility for proper disposi
tion of the transferred properties. Included are cultural
properties originating in Eastern Germany and in other areas
whi:bh must be held in proper safeguarding until such time as
the Federal Republic can make proper dispos ition thereof. Also
included are oultural objects ot the Berlin Colleotions which
belonged to the former state of Prussia together with other
objects which Article VI of Military Government Law No. 19
provides will be transferred to the Federal Republic for proper
safeguarding. Pending the establisn~ent of other arrangements
. HICOG personnel will continue the restitution of works of art
and for this purpose 1:he I'e deral Republio must ~ rmi t a coe ss to
any transferred cultural object for study and examination and for
restitution in proper cases. It is not planned that the transfer
will include works of art of identified Jewish origin and .~
such works of art mistakenly transferred must upon discovery be
surrendered by the Federal Republic to the Jewish Cultural
Reoonstruction Agency or such other Agency asEICOG may designate.
It is desired to complete this transfer of custody and
responsibility by June 1, 1951. Since the German experts have
already had informal discussions with ElCOG representatives and
have' studied the problems involved it is expected that this ,..
target date can be met without difficulty. The·HICOG repressnta
tives are Messrs. Thomas C. Howe and S. Lane Faison. I would
appreciate the earnest possible designation of the· official
representatives on the Germa n side, who should be given adequate
powers in the interest of expeditious handling of this matter
and who wou~d mset with the EICOG representatives for the pUrpose
of working out mutually aoceptable details of the transfer.
Sincerely yours.
John J. McCloy
United States High Commissioner
for Germany
�E)O X VB
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PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART.
PARKWAY AT 26TH STREET
PARKStOn AVBNUB
PHILADELPHIA 30
RODIN MUSEUM
TELllPHONES POPLAR ~·O~OO
MEMORIAL HALL
PARKWAY AT 221'10 STREET
October 9, 1947
R. F. Howa.rd, Esq.
Office of Hili to.:::-y Government
for Ger:many (lI.S.)
Economics Division
Hcsti tution Branch
APO 742, c/o Postmaster,.N.Y.
Dear Diek:
I 8m just catching up ',lith m8.il which
cr::me in this SUi11mer when I 'Ha.s abroad in
ri5 fort1;ro months.
Since then the material of your letter
of August 20 'HaS published in Art Digest by
your brother-in-18'H Peyton Bos-well, and has
attracted 'rlide s.ttention. Thus, meam.,rhile,
no doubt, .evcX"Jthing that could be done to
further the :TI8.tter ha.s been done.
I !:i.d.rrrire your humani ty and. your courage
in bririging all this to public attentj.on.
;";i th kindest regC'.rds end ",i8hes,
Yours faithfully,
~~
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FI SKB KIJVlBALL
Director
fllt(....
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CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
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REPRODUCED ATTHE NA1iONAl NlCHIVES
o
THE ART INSTITUTE
CHAUNCEY McCORMICK, I'residen/
~On[RT
ALLERTON, \fice-PresiJenl
DANIEL CATTON RICH. DirCClor
F CHICAGO
CHARLES F. GLORE, T,'easlucr
CHARLES H. WORCESTER, HOllon!r): I'm/dell I
PERCY D. ECKHART, Vice-Prr,ride,,1
RUSSELl.. TYSON, Viee-Presidelll
CHARLES FABENS KELLEY, Assislall/Direc/or
CHICAGO
3 ILLINOIS
WALTER S. DREWSTER, Vicc-I'reridenl
CHARLES DUTLER, BluillcssAla,wgcr
TELEPHONE CENTRAL
LESTER n. DRIDAHAM, Secretary
7080
September 19, 1947
Dear Dick:
I have your letter of August 19 regarding the
Peac~
Tre3.ty clause which de31s vlith re.stitution of works of art
Yihich might be included tn the German draft.
This matter
ViaS
discussed at the recer.t meeting of the National Cornmission
for UNESCO, but I 8m sending a copy of your eloquently chosen
remarks to the International C01.mcil of Museums
which will
hold a meeting in Mexico, NOV&11ber 7 through November 13;
I
have strongly recommended to this newly formed organiz.ation
that they consider the matter that definitely affects their
field.
I bE71ieve that I had the pleasure of seeing an exhibi
tion "yhich you organized Tor Schat%hausen, of remarkable German
pa.intings of the 15th, and 16th centuries.
I spent a.bout tVI'O
weeks in Swi tzerl:::md much impressed by the
m~terit3l
sent by our
milite.:r;,r government to Germany.
Best regards always,
V
/
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·.ncerely yours,
Daniel
Colonel Richard F. Howard
Office of Military Government for Germany
Economics Division
Restitution Branch
APO 742
New York, New York
C~ich
(U.S.)
�Rf;PRODUCED ,\T HIE NAilONAL ARCH!VES
THE CALIFORNIA PALACE OF THE LEGION OF
Lincoln Park
San Franciscq 21, California
HONOR
OFFICE OF THE Dl1l.ECTOR
September 10, 1947'
\
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Dear Dick:
This is a tardy reply to your letter of
August 20th, particularly in view of the fact
that I so heartily share your apprehensions
regarding the possibility - not to say pro
bability - of "reparations ;in kind fl concerning
works of art. Rest assured that I shall do
everything in my power to register my protests
on this subject.
Thank you for sending me the information
regarding the latest developments. I certainly
hope that effective measures can be uu{en to
put a stop to them.
Sincerely yours,
.Y~I7i~
Thomas C. Howe, Jr.
Mr. Hichard F. Howard,
Economics Division, Restitution Branch,
Office of Military Government for Germany (U.S.)
APO 742,
New York, New York.
--
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�ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
UNI rED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,
POUR L'tDUCATION, LA SCIENCE & LA CULTURE
SCIENTIFIC & CULTURAL ORGANISATION
,
19, Avenue Kleber
Telephone; Kleber 52·00
PARIS -16'
Telegr.mmc,: UNESCO.PARIS
Please ;\ddreu all correspondance to
Priere d'adresscr la correspondanct ali
The Director General
Directeur Genet'al
M.US/13116
4 September 1947
Dear !vir. Howard,
1tr thanks for your very complete reply to my query concerning the
thorny question of "restitution in kind".
I am passing on that . part of
your information which is not confidential to Mr. Chauncey Hamlin, President
of the International Council of Museums, which had requested 1¥le information
as a point of departure for further consideration of their concern with the
question, and to Mr. Leigh Ashton, Director of the Victoria and Albert Museum,
London, who originally raised the point and wished it to be considered by the
International Council.
Thank you very much for the information of Stewa:rt Leonard, and news
on M.r. Lehmann-Haupt.
I, too, have heard from him.
I am delighted to know
that some of' the books have arrived, for I know he 'rill put them to very good
use.
You must be relieved to be assured that he stays 1yith you until next
June.
I am exceedingly apologetic about the delay between his suggestion
eiven y{hen Mrs. Russell and I were in Germany a.'rJ.d. the actual delivery, which
is still only partial, I am a.fraid.
Unfortunately, he had asked for books
that al'e out of print, and we had to search~
Please give my greetings to Jv!rs. Howard.
All good wish to you both
arl.d to the children.
Cordially yours,
Grace L. lI·rcCann :Morley,
Museums.
Mr. Richard Foster Howard,
Chief, Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives,
Economics Division,
Restitution Branch,
Office of Military Government for Germany,
AFD.742,
U.S. llrmy.
�j
8 )..-> BoX ffB
THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS OF HOUSTON
HOUSTON 5, TEXAS
JAMES CHlLLMAN, Jr" DIRECTOR
September 3, 1947
1. Vi, LINK, JR" PRESIDENT
MRS, GLENN Ii. McCARTHY, VICE PRESIDENT
MRS, ROBERT A. JOHNSTON, SECRETARY
JOHN HAMMAN, JR., TREASURER
Mr. R. F. Roward
MF'At~A ECON
ONGUS APO 742
Care of Postmanter, New York
Dear Dick:
It was good to hear from you, and I will do
what I can regarding the'clause you mentioned.
I agree with you most heartily that the olause
as now written is very detrimental to the proper
handling of a nation's art resouroes.
I have just returned from a short trip to England,
France and Italy, and was delighted to find so
many of the murals in excellent and undamaged con
di tion'.
Kindest regards,
Sincerely yours,
!l ,....... ---,,:::::;.
,: . ,>:/ftG ('-
/
----..
"James Chillman, Jr.
Dirootor
/
JC:mbg
�REPRODUCED AT THE NATlOi!/,L ARCHIVES
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS
RICHMOND, VIR.C,INIA
THE DIRECTOR
28 Augus t 1947
Mr. Richard F HO't'T/:ird,
Office of Military Government
for Germany (U.S.)
Economics Division,
Restltution Branch,
A.PoO. 742
0
Dear Dick:
Thank you for your informative letter of 20
Augusto I agree that any policy calculated to strip
Germany of her cultural treasures is, for the long
vie~ in this world situation, a most tragic course.
I 1,vil1 cert ain1y beer your warning and advice. in mind,
and 'll>ril1 do i'>That I find that I canQ
yours,
C-t
�45
)",-5
•
R"rnODUCED AT TH" NATIONAl ARCIIiVES
"
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART
NEW YORK 28, N. Y.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
Nl:r.
f~,ieh2.. rd
F..
f..JGW;:~~:,d
EC()~-L.
N. Y.
Your J.et.l>3r t,o N;r. Tc.yJor a.rl'ived
,j 1.1S t, ,:Lft~r hl~ bt.u.1 ~Lt::ft for ::~11\Ol)-=' hy· [<L8.ne"
I l',a ve:·~ en t :i.t on by "dx lfIc"il in the ho l~e of
¢
c2.tcl;ing hIm at Paris but if' yr,,)U v:ere count-
inf; on his
connection
'}
-~JCl,C:(
~rou
~i~h
ab~8 to do l':lomething 1.n
uuthorities here in the United
sbc~ld
hers linti.1.
thl~
'}~~no;!;
that. ·nf~ 1J;j 11
Octl)QAr.
21,\(1. l ) f
~10t
be
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REPRODUCED AT THE NATION,\l ARCHIVES
THE
dERICAN FEDERATION OI
BARR BUILDING
•
.RTS
WASHINGTON 6, D. C.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
August 27, 1947
DeE~r
Dick:
i''1!;'lny thanl(s for your letter of Aug. 20th
and I h~l.ve taKen the liberty of having cO:Jies
made for circulation to sever,:;:;,l of the museum
people i'1terested in the 8ub-ject. We will also
taKe some action on it and make a protest to
the proper authorities.
Enclosed is a resolution passed at the
annual i'viey ! 47 meeting of the AF1c1 on the remov/3,l
of the l,Oennen pa.inting to this country for save
Keeping. liS you know Vie have protested this actj,on
and have been follm'iing through periodically on
further Qevelopm(~n ts.
Let me have word of any informa.tion you
receive along the line of your letter of Aug.20th.
If confidential, so mark, or othervrise I will
take some action.
My best and I i::,m looking forward to seeing you
ug6.in v;i:len you return to this country,
Director'
Mr. P.ici1c:;,rd ioster Howard
Economics Division
l'Lesti t.ution Branch, OMGUS
APO 71\2
�45
IL(>
REPRODUCED AT THE Ni\TIO~IAL ARCHIVES
•
UNn'ED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL.
SCIENTIF!C & CULTURAL ORGAI'IISATION
OR.GANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
POUR. L'EDUCATION. LA SCIENCE & LA CULTUR.E
19. Avenue Kleber
Tciephone : Kle;,er 51·00
PARIS-l6'
T<legrammel : UNESCO-PARIS
Ple:'lse addres·s ali c.orrespondnncc to
Priere d·adrcsser la ,orrcspond~nce au
Dir~(;tcur
Tile 011'(:<:(01' General
Ganer;d
UUS/86 74
22nd August 1947
Dear 1,rr • Howard,
My thanks for your prompt reply to my query concerning
IIrestitution in kind". I shall pass on the informa.tion to the Internattonal
Ccunci 1 of Museums, and to those individual members -who are especinlly
interested in the matter. I am deligh·t;ed to have this i:nforme.·::'ion on file
here for there are sure to be ques'!;ions from time to time. You will "be
interested to Imovr that it came up also at ,the meetings of the American
Association of Museums in Quebec in May, where it was discussed at some
length in the Council Meeting.
I am delighted to hear that I.[r. Lehmann-Haupt is to stay on
with you for some little ti.'Ue. That re-assures me also, for it means that
his books, some of which were out of print, and for . . .i hich we had to search
extensively, will all eventually probably reach him.
My greetings to 1>frs. Hovlard and the children.
G.L. McCann l-ilorley
Head, Museums
r!~r.
Hichard Foster Roward,
Chief, :lvIonuments Fine Arts a....'1.d Archives
Restitution Bra.'1ch,
Economics Division
Office of Military Government for Germany
J
!fU.S. 1I
APO 742
U.S. Army.
�45
AU ()
ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,
POUR L't.DUCATION, LA SCIENCE & LA CULTURE
SCIENTIFIC & CULTURAL ORGANISATION
19, Avenue Kleber
Telephone: Kleber 52·00
PARIS - 16·
Tiilegr.mmes : UNESCO·PARIS
MUS!860.9
Plc3~C
Prierc: d·adressc.r I" corrcspondancc atl
address all corrc!:pond;\l\cc to
The Director' Gener',,1
Directcur General
23 July 1947
Dear. Mr. Howard,
You perhaps have heard from other sources that I have returned to
Unesco, possibly for as long a8 18 months, or the time to see the Museums
Programme through the Third General Conference, during which I shall hope to
hand it over to a successor.
.
One of my first duties was to attend as observer for U~eoco the
ExecUtive Committee Meeting of the International Council of MUSeums, of
which Chauncey Hamlin, President of the Buffalo Museum, is President.
At
that meeting Mr. Leigh Ashton, of the Victoria and llbert MUSeum, raised the
question of tlrestitution in 1d.nd", which has preoccupied everyone interested
in the problems of fine arts in conquered countries for so long.
I understand
from him, as I had heard earlier from Calvin Hathaway, now with the Cooper
Union, that tr~B doctrine has been essentially accepted for official trans
actions in Germany.
There was considerable discuosion in the meeting, and the upobot of
wao that the International Council of Museums officially requeoted me
to try to discover exactly what· was the status of this whole problem of
restitution in kind as it affects objects of art.
Ashton was of opinion that
there had been study of all the legal, moral and practical points involved by
a special Committee of Experts, which then made recommendations to the AJ.lied
.Control Authority, and that Authority was now acting on their recommendations.
Could you supply UB with complete infonnation for me to transmit to the
International Council?
Presumably, when they have full information, the
discussion will be restuned with more precise direction, ana. possibly they can
decide whether or not it is in order to make representations to governments
or the Allied Control Authority, or whatever seems to be likely to give effect
to their expression of professional opinion.
i~l
From time to time I have bad news of you from various sources t and
I have read with very great interest Mrs. Howard t s reports on Germany and
German art in the "Art Digest 1\ •
It was interesting to find my own impressions
given· voice by someone .else,and it was most encouraging that she, with her now
considerable experience of living and observing in Berlin, corroborated my own
obserVations.
Mr. Riohard Foster Howard,
Chief, M. F. A. & A. Section,
Economios Division,
OlrGUS,
AIQ.742,
u.S. Army•.
�..
45· t 8
).-s
REPRODUCED AT THE tl,\TiONAL ARCHI'JES
- 2
A letter of yours about the proposed publication on War Damage and
Art Conditions in the American Zone of Germany was forwarded to me from my
office.
YAY I say that from our point of view in this office, where we are
greatly concerned with gathering as much information as possible on war
damage everywhere and on the condition of art works, scientifio collections
and all of the other institutions and subj eots that come within our broad
field, such a publioation of an authoritative and complete sort would be
extremely welcome.
I shall forward to you from my San Francisco office an
independent reply from the point of view of a .dirootor of an American art
museum.
I hope that you will receive so hearty a response to the announcement
that you will all feel well justified for the time, trouble and expense
involved in producing suoh a rcsum& of art statistios.
~
.
I have DOt heard directly from stewart Leonard for a good many
months.
I did hear from his sisteX' in' Chicago, however, when I passed
through early in June, that he is taking over the Collecting Point in 'Munich.
I must send off a note to him as soon as I :find time.
I believe LebIDan-H8lIpt is still with .YOu and will be for some time.
Many of the books that he asked for are on their way and should reach him,
with any luck, before he leaves for the United states: .
Will you note that I am here in Paris, and that if there is any way
at all in which I oan be of servioe you have only to oount on me.
I hope
t~t you and the family will be coming through Paris before too long.
My cordial greetings to Mrs. Howard, and remember me please to those
whom I met in Berlin.
Sinoerely yours,
�HEPRooucm I,T THE NATIONAll\RGIIr'iES
-.-
_....
'_._,, _ _ _..-....-_ _ _ i
OFFICli: OF MILITARY GOVFJU'lr'tJl.:NT FOB GEm~l.A..W (U.S.)
Eoonomics Division
Restitution Branch
A.PO
742
11 August 1947
Daaz' Dr. Morley:
'l"hank you very rn:t:.ch for your letter of the 23rd of July. I am
happy to know -that you ere to continue with UNESCO for the time ~eing.
The first point which you raise in your letter is one of great
" c oncern to us. It hoo been d:i.scussed repeatedly a'ad ut gt"eat tength from
the ped00 of before the invasion of Franco to the present. COMI/P{h6).3
Ravise, is the definit:i.on of re~ti tu-tion and says among other thiw;n I
to go<xw of uniclue charactor, restitution of whioh is im
, possible, special il"J3tructions will fix the category of goode
which will be subject tr.) replacement, the nature of those
repll.1CGmentG and conditions under which such good3 could be
replaoed by equivalent objects,a
t;llS
This. of course, is a quadripartite
e~~e~~ant.
The treaties with Italy. Hur.ger;-y. Roumania Dnd Bulgaria teach
contain a clause which, except for the neml3l of the eOlmtry, isioemtioE/l
in each t,reaty and roal1'3 as follows;
II
If in pEl. rtioular cas es it is impose i blo for Italy tt) mako
restitution.of objects of ~tistio. hiotorical or archaeolog
ical value, belonging to the cuI turnl heritage of the United
Nation f'rvln whoae territory stich ob.jects '\'lerC removed by
force Ol~ dlU'eS[; by Italian forces, authorities or nationals.
Italy shall transfer to the United Uation concerned objects
of the S8100 ki:nc1 as and of mpproximetely equivalent value to
tho objects removed. in so far as sucb objects are obtainable
in Italy.1!
On the other halid,
.Navy l3'ay8 in Paz'a 17,
OiJ,r
most reaen't directive from state. War and
nyou .fill not C'·)ll,sent to any ext;ensi'Va progrCllU for the repla.ce..
ment of looted or displaoed proper~y whioh has been destroyed
' •.• , .
I;
or caa not \)0 located 'i'lhnever sllch replaoemen~ Qan be aceep$~"
only at t.ha f):~pen..'?e of repl1l!'ations of a self-sustaining G<.:lrnl$.ll
economy or the oul'lim"al heritage of the German people. R (
!
./
;\
�45
(?;
)...-5
REPHODUCEO {,T THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
It 1s my belief that this lost statement represents the oon
rddered judgment, not only of our i~overnmentt but also ,of Military Gov
ornment here. There has, of course, been diaagreeID~nt within the ranks.
Thcl~6 has not. so far as I know. been any offioial study of all aspects
of this problem. The Heparatio!'.B , Deliveries and Restitution Directorate
, oonsidered 'the problem at length sncl discussed it, butal"ri'7ed at no vory
· dei' ini te conclus ion e:1ccerrt that O1..tr people both in PJ)&I1 Directore,,'.;;a and
in tho .UliGd Control Authol"i ty inDi.ated that the definition of re.lsti tu
tion quoted above of the machinery already Bet up for restitution were
adequate to handle the problem and that no other further instruotions need
be is;iued.
Undoubtedly, in view of the satellite treaty, the question ~ill
be discllSsed ex·tensivoly between Council of ~oreien Ministers. !'I oanionly
· guess from the evidonce I have givtJn you what tb.~ J\mcrio6,n attituge will
be. It is rr:y persona,l feelins that D blanket clause 0 such os~t"h,,,,t
the
ss:teJ.li te trentlcs. 'ivould be unwise and u,nhappy 3,."1d v/Ould l~ad'towhol~ ...
sale cla:ims in behalf of those wbo l1!::lve suffered mo,st ~evcr\!Sly~ Aware '.sa
1 a.m of tte \v-r'on,gs wLich ware done to n.lltions occupied. by JEmrJ.iny, it stlll
dOeS not SEla:n to me that two 1'.Tongs ever make a ri.sM;. r;!6.Y I 'errlphsa ize \",
that this is ID,)T persl.onal opinion!, For you.ccv.mfidential infbr.:natfon,
\\
,which r hope you will not quote to anyone other than il.meric8.1) ]J0l"sonnel t
it is OID' g€ m eral understanding here toot the hanah take a'l/ opposite 1'001.;'
· tion. YOU wUl~ no dou bt t discover this in your conversations ymu',self 0
'
'r11C'l:;icnlly it may be very difficult effectively to oppose their Qttitude
· "me. I i'oel certain that it r(J1...w t be done upon n ~;overm·!1.e:i1t.ol ,1ov!i:.,l.
In
There have, of c\)urse, been repeated studies of specific problema
which, might affeot this general problem. Several legsl and! poli tioal
· opinions upon the validity of removals of 1lOrka of art &11d i~ultural objects
by an ocoupied pot,or, al,11cst Ullm1imomL,' in their disapproval of suoh ao'tion,
, and ill their beliof that works of art cw.cl c:ultlAral rru:.teriaJ.s ~a71 not be used
, properly 88 rep6l'ations under international la)'{. i','e have had reported. to
us £1 RllSS io.1".. legf.ll opinion th at; they cons ider 'choir occ\1:pat ion to be
I1debellatior: 3.nd, therefore. I oonsider removals to 00 in the nature of
reprisal. Jl'hiB:ruuy ',rell be a lcC';e.l basis of arE,"Ul';'Jents for l'eplacements in
kind, j.f the zubjec't reaches t). leGalistic grou.nd. In a."lY CMe, I feel cor.
tain trlLlt tile whole matter' is reas,.:mabl,Y a dead issue with the ACA but ver;~'
11 ve !.1'~ t.hc 1('v01 of the Gounci 1 of li'o}'eit.::;n j',Uniste.':'s.
Thank you very lIDch for your comments on Helen's articles which I
will pass on to hcr. Alao 51ad to have you x' views on Tad Peok t s book on
\Val." Darn.aga to Monu.rnents o I think he has done e. good job. but obviously it
is Hullted. lke do no·t have tho staff' nor time nor directiv0S ·to oover IDJV...
ab10 WCJ:'kB of Hrt Tcnch as '!!'it!) would like t<:lo It is true tha.t Stewart has
Bene ,to [v:uuic): and apparently 1$ goin,,1 tlJ be per::nanently there. Mr. Lelmla..'ln...
J:I:;:.upt hon been 8\'Ja;{ on leaV'€ but has returned today. I will lEft him know
about the books" Ee n.ow expects J~o stuy until next Ji.lJ"1C. I do hope we can
corne to Paris befon::! 101""'::;Q but 1:1; will certainly not be before wi.nter t \vhen
we will look yeu upo
2
�REPRODUCED ATTHE NATION!;\. ARCHIVi,S
·."""
...
With bes t wishes"
Sinoerely
P.s. Mr"
lehmann-Haupt has just informed me that he has reoeived the
books und will be writill3 you"
Dr. Grace 1':101'10y
. United Nations Educat:l.onal.
Scientifio & 0u Hural Urgani7l8.'i;ion
19. l>.venue Kleber
.i?aris. 1()
1fralloe
3
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FILED BY
MR. HOPKINS
'
B.AY 16 19S0
P R OGRE S S
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,
by
I
Isador Lubin
"DIU",
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~
Associate Representative
mUSS/FlED
t.O. 11652. S!lC. 3(E) and 5(D) or
(1::
D",pt. c.f Stahl leHer, Aug. 10. 1972
Bl'd,,:,:l:-:'".tf~
CLINTON UBRARY PHOTOCOPY
NAr,S
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~T/CONTROL
-
APPENDIX P
U. S. STAFF POSITION ON COLD
I
At the beginning of the war German gold holdings,'
excluding those seized from Czechoslbvakia and Austria,
amounted to 58 million dollars.
Total gold in Germany
prior to surrender has been estimated at 383 million dol
lars.
The chief United Nations losses of goid to Germany
were:
France (or Belgium)
Netherlands
Czeohoslovakia
Tot a 1
223 million
n
142
16
n
381
ff
Gold so far recovered and held in Frankfurt has been
J
estimated at from 200 to 250 million dollars.
The problem
is what policy should the U. S. advocate or support with
respect to disposition of this gold.
II
The principal alternatives are:
(1) To make subjeot to restitution that part
of the gold which is clearly identifiable.
(2) To regard the, gold as war booty to which
the U. S. is entitled.
(3) To use the gold for payment for essential
�~/CONTROL
-2
Germa,n imports.
(4) To put it in the reparations pot.
(5) To adopt a gold replacement principle accord
ing to which gold recovered in Germany would
be apportioned among the United Nations
which have been looted of gold in proportion
to their losses of monetary gold.
Should
the amount recovered exceed such losses,
which is unlikely, the rest of the gold
could be disposed of in accordance with
(2) or (4) above, or some other agreed basis.
III
The US group of Committee No. 4 strongly urges the
approval of alternative (5) for the following reasons:
1.
It would be in harmony with the United Nations
declaration of January 5, 1943 on Axis Acts of dispossession
and with the gold declaration of February 22, 1944, which
was issued by the US, UK and USSR.
In issuing the latter,
Secretary Morgenthau stated "the United States Government
formally declares that it does not and will not recognize
the
transferenc~
of title to the looted gold which the
Axis at any time holds or has disposed of in world markets".
The interested United Nations will thus contend that the
�'ffip
~~/CONTROL
-3
gold is, in fact, theirs and never was Germany's.
2.
It would conform with the basic US objective
of· retaining an important monetary role for gold.
The US
which already has some 20 billion dollars of gold will be
in an unfortunate position
~nternationally,
and from a
monetary policy point of view, if it strongly urges a
policy which would add the relatively minor gold holdings
of friendly powers to its already extremely large holdings.
3.
The replacement principle proposed would result in
a much fairer distribution of the gold than,restitution
according to identifiability.
�.
....
,.
'.
APPENDIX
.ge
U. S. STAFF ANALYSIS OF WAR BOOTY PROBLEM
1.
Nature of the Problem
The problem is to reach a clear understanding among
the Big Three as to the relation of war booty to reparation
deliveries.
Unless this is done, an agree'd reparations
program may be upset by one or more parties demanding
large deliveries under the guise of war booty which will
be in addition to the share of reparations allotted to it.
The possibilities .of difficulty in this area are indicated
by the nature of some of the Soviet demands on the satellite
countries.
In some instances whole plants have been re
garded by the Soviets as constituting war booty.
A specific
ex~ple was the Soviet's contention that certain iron pipe
. and other refinery equipment in Rumania which belonged to
an American owned company should be considered as war booty.
On the other hand, equipment and machine tools are specific
ally mentioned in the Yalta Protocol as one of the forms of
reparation in kind.
2.
Traditional Definition of War
Boot~
According to a memorandum prepared by the 0.8.8.:
"The technical and conventional rule on booty is that the
army of occupation may take possession of the cash, funds
and realizable securities which are strictly the property
�$Q~/CONTROL
-2
of the state, as :well as depots of arms, means of trans
port, stores and supplies.
It covers in general movable
property belonging to the state and used for military
operations." (Hague Convention IV, Art 53, par 1)
This definition, as the memorandum discusses in
detail, is by no means easy to apply.
Both the concept of
governmental ownership and the concept of property used
for military operations are elastic.
3.
SHAEF Practice
The matter of war booty has been discussed with
informed SHAEF officer in Frankfurt.
He stated that the
Russian ideas of war booty were apparently not much
different from our own.
He added that SHAEF had been
following a rule that all property used by or intended for
the use of enemy military or para-military organizations is
captured enemy property which can be disposed of without
requisition.
He reported that our forces had disposed of
machinery put in Belgium or Luxembourg factories by the
Nazis without any requisitioning process.
He said that the
army obtained receipts when property otmed by the allied
nationals was disposed of.
The matter of captured enemy property was disQussed with
a Colonel Turnbull of the British Army who was assigned to the
Captured Enemy Property Division of SH.AEF.
Colonel Turnbull
�~e±wa;:/CONTROL
-3
said that almost all of the captured enemy property now
held by SHAEF consisted of arms and implements of war.
He reported that Wehrmacht stocles of food ,. clothing, etc.
had already been largely disposed of.
In part these stocks
were used' for displaced persons and in part had been looted
either by such persons or the civilian population.
Generally spealdng stocks of goods which were useful to
civilians and which were captured in France and Belgium
had been turned over to local authorities in those countries
for relief of civilian population.
Colonel Turnbull remarked
that he supposed that the Reparations Commission would decide
on.the disposition of captured arms and implements of
4.
Recommendations
A.
The reparations directive states that arms and
implement s of war are not to be disposed of as part of the
reparations settlement.
It would appear that this
que~tion
may arise in conjunction with the discussion of war booty
and. the Ambassador ShOtl1d be prepared. to take a stand on
disposition of arms when the question of war booty is
opened up.
B.
As noted above, it may be difficult to define
war booty with any precision.
The essential thing would
appear to reach a common understanding on the definition
or procedure to be followed by the Three Powers.
One
�:'1
. \••
:riS:~f:::~;:~r
" ,White, House Central ,Files '
~?llf'i'dential:; Files '., :.'<';:i.:,
.
BECEtB'f-/CONrROL
-4
possibility would be to regard all deliveries except
exports for purchase and restitution transfers as
reparations deliveries and to give up in the future any
attempt to distinguish between deliveries of war booty and
deli veria s of reparations.
If agreement could be reached on
this formula, it would be possible to avoid many disputes
and difficulties of definition and classification.
c.
The possibility should not be lost sight of that
if agreement on B. with regard to future transfers is
re8ched , it might be proposed to make such an agreement
retroactive.
It would appear, however, wise to reserve
our position on this aspect of the matter until we have
received a report from General Clay as to the extent to which
he will be'able to account for German property removed from
Germany.
D.
Another possibility v.JOuld be to attempt to
agreement that war booty should be confined to arms,
'.
;.
ammunition and implements of war (as distinguished from
the means of producing them) and that booty as thus defined
should be disposed of apart from the reparations program.
Note: The American Group of Committee IV unanimously
agreed on recommending D above to Ambassador Pauley_
�APPENDIX
R
/
,....
,i~iI~~,
/,.... ~~1I0N~L
~/.
~
I~ ~~CiUV£~ ~!lO '~
B.RITISH PROPOSAL ON RESTITUTION PRESENTED TO STEERINrt~j 1",cUkO~ .:::
COMMITTEE
JULY
1945
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.......
~";
In the view of the UK Delegation Restitution should
be confined, to the restoration of identifiable property
existing at the date of the invasion of the territories
from which the property had been removed, in so far as it
can be recovered and irrespective of the form of dispossess'
ion by which it had come into enemy hands.
AS]egards replacement in kind, i.e. replacement of .
property, which cannot be traced or has been destroyed, by
similar or comparable enemy· property, this,should only be
permitted in the case of works of art; and only then provided
such replacement did not take a form which would be contrary
to the general interests of learning (e.g. the removal of a
work of art from a place with which it was traditionally as
sociated and where it was well presented, to' some obscure
and unsuitable surroundings).
unidentifiab1f~\~and
Other claims to replacement of
irrecoverable looted property should not
receive any special priority but should be aggregated with all
other claims for reparations.
�'.
APPENDIX
S
U. S. STAl<"'F PROPOSAL ON D:sFIlUTION OF WAR BOOTL
War booty shall consist of all finished war material,
,but shall not include equipment used to produce war material.
,'/hat constitutes war material shall be defined by ralitary
representatives of the three powers represented on the Allied
Commission on neparations.
"
'\.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
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Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Restitution Policy - Documents for Lucille [2]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Art & Cultural Property Theft
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 222
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/6997222" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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6/24/2013
Source
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6997222-restitution-policy-documents-for-lucille-2
6997222