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�Gold Hoards and the TGC
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Part III of the Paris Agreement~eparations mandated the establishment of a
pool of gold for the restitution to countries from which the Germans had looted monetary
gold. The gold caches outlined in the previous section became the bulk of the pooL The
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Paris Agreement stipulated that the governments of the United States, Great Britain and
France would administer this poo~. Through an initiative by the United States, 'the three
governments established the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary gold
(TGC) on ,September 27, 1946 to distribute the pool of monetary gold. l The Allied forces
sorted and classified the gold they uncovered from the caches and made available to the
TGCgoid they identified as monetary. In its Report to the Governments of the United
States; the United Kingdom and France, the TGC indicated that "by far the most
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important quantity of gold entering into the composition of the pool" was the "Frankfurt
gold," gold that it identified as originating in caches at Merkers, Zwickau, Eschwege,
Coburg, Regensburg and Wallgau. 2 Indeed, the Frankfurt gold-the gold stored at the
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Federal Exchange Depository-cpnstituted nearly 70% of the total value of the pool of ,
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monetary gold, and those six caches, which represent recovered Reichsbank gold,
account for over 95% of the Frankfurt gold=-2/3 of the entire pool of monetary gol(P
I Letter Russell H. Dorr to Sir Desmond Morton, June 7, 1946 with attached United States Proposal for
establishing a Tripartite Commission on Restitution of Gold, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 1 [206290
292].' "Terms of Reference," Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, copy of page
563 of The Department of State Bulletin, Vol. XV:.No. 378, September 29, 1946. RG 84, Entry 21 13M,
Box 1 [206288-289].
2 Report to the Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and France, Ca. 1971 NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [206843].
3 The Gold Commission's list mirrors a September 1945 OMGUS report on recovery of Reichsbank
precious metals. This report focused on the Reichsbank gold that was being held at the Federal Exchange
Depository (FED) and noted that the vaults there held 98.6% of the $255.96 million worth of gold listed in
the closing balances of the Precious Metals Department of the Berlin Reichsbank. In all probability, the
Commission relied on this information for its report.
We can determine that 95.7% of the gold at the Federal Exchange Depository had originated in the
Reichsbank: (98.6% of $255,960,000.00)= $252,376,560.001 $263,688070.68 (total Frankfurt gold)=
�The manner in which those caches were handled and the policies that governed their
treatment are core elements in the treatment of monetary gold. A look at the
development of the gold pot principle and of the policies for its disposition is necessary
to gain an understanding of the US role in the disposition of this asset.
When the US forces found the cache of monetary gold at Merkers, the US
government seriously considered treating it as war booty. Some thought was also given
of using the gold for reparation. But, as James Angell, the US representative at the Paris
Conference stated, restitution was the most logical and moral use o(gold, which, by the
implications of the February 22, 1944 Gold Declaration, had to be considered as looted.
The Department of State devised the gold pot principle: "For administrative convenience
(since a great deal ofthe gold is
eit~er
unidentifiable or bears questionable markings) as
well as for reasons pf economic policy regarding gold, it was desirable to avoid the
restitution of identifiable gold to particular countries.,,4 The gold pot was approved at the
Paris Reparations Conference. Part ill of the Paris Reparations Agreement mandated that
All the monetary gold found in Germany by the Allied Forces and that
referred to in paragraph G below,S (including gold coins, except those of
numismatic or historical value, which shall be restored directly ifidentifiable)
shall be pooled for distribution as restitution among the countries participating in
the pool in proportion to their respective losses of gold through looting or by,
wrongful removal to Germany.6
,
95.71 %.] Report on the recovery of Reichsbank Precious Metals, Sept. 6, 1945, NACP, RG 59, Entry
5382, Box 6, Cover Memo & Schedule I, pp. 1-3 [201938-940 & 201994-996].
The gold found at Merkers accounts for over 90% of the Frankfurt gold [$239,284,311.14 (Merkers)!
$263,688,070.68 (Frankfurt) == 90.75%. Letter,Loyd V. Steers to Russell Dorr, Berlin, September 27,1946
with attached inventory, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 4 [206384-385].
4 Final Report on the Paris Conference on Reparation, November 9, 1945, to December 21, 1945, James W.
Angell, February 18,1946. NACP, RG 260. Box 420. Pp 103-104. [217961- 962]
5 Paragraph G stated: "Any monetary gold which may be recovered from a third country to which it was
transferred from Germany shall be distributed in accordance with this arrangement for the restitution of
monetary gold."
6 Paris Reparations Agreement, January 1946, Part II, Restitution of Monetary Gold. TGC Final Report,
Annex A. NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 4 [204547]
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Though the Paris Agreement did not define monetary gold, Aiigell clarified that
definition in his report on the conference: "The term 'monetary gold' as used in Part III
refers to gold bullion and to gold coins. The distinction is between gold which is in such
form as to be a medium of exchange and gold which is in such form as to indicate its use
for dental, artistic and adornment purposes.,,7 Though this definition was considered the
official definition of monetary gold, it was open to interpretation by US government
officials who assembled and distributed the gold pool.
(
The Tripartite Gold Commission acted to narrow the definition for distribution to
exclude claims from individuals. As the Commissioners debated the definition, Russell
H. Dorr, the US Commissioner, expressed to the Department of State that a restricted
definition that excludes claims for private gold losses is "highly desirable for
administrative reasons" despite the likely resistance from some claimant countries 8.
State responded that it approved Dorr's attempt to exclude "gold which has form of
monetary gold but was privately owned" but "would not wish to hold out in face of
strong opposition since legal and economic justification debatable.,,9 As the Commission
hammered out the definition, Door urged that it include reference to gold being held on
the accounts on some monetary authority of the government because of his "fear that
legislation some country might have declared all gold in the country part of monetary
reserve. This might be made basis for assertion private gold losses all kinds were losses
of part of gold reserve.,,10 Otherrefinements were considered", until the following
7 Final Report of the Paris Conference on Reparation, November 9, to December 21, 1945, Submitted to the
Secretary of State by James W. Angel, United States Representative Allied Commission on Reparation-::=.
Germany, February 18,1946, p. 106. NACP, RG 260, Box 420.
g Telegram Door to State, October 24, 1946, NACP RG 59, Lot 620115, Box 25 (211819J.
9 Telegram Fletcher to Brussels, October 28, 1946, NACP, RG 59, Lot 70D5l6, Records of the Legal
Advisor, Box 13 [209587].
IO Telegram Dorr to State, November 2, 1946, NACP, RG 59, Lot 620115, Box 25 (208888].
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definition was adopted and included in the TGC's Questionnaire on Gold that was sent to
potential claimant countries:
All gold which, at time of its looting or wrongful removal, was carried as part of
the claimant country's monetary reserve, either in the accounts of the claimant
Government itself or in the accounts of the claimant country's central bank or
other monetary authority at home or abroad. 12
Thus a narrower definition was adopted by the TGC that the one issued at the Paris
Conference.
This restricted definition was to be applied only to the distribution ofthe gold
pool. The mandated role of the TGC was in the distribution of the pool, not in
determining its .composition. Throughout its existence, the Commission was adamant in
,
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insisting that it was not responsible for the composition of the gold p'ool.13 Nevertheless,
the American Commissioner, voiced opinion regarding what should be made available to
the pool by the allied forces. The Occupation Military Government of the United States
(OMGUS) had originally been instructed to pack only gold that fit the TGC's definition.
Commissioner Dorr reminded the Department of State that their definition had been
ad~pted
for "administrative convenience and to apply it in determining the composition
pool would be inconsistent with intent Paris agreement.,,]4 He argued: "Obviously in
. determining composition gold pool administrative convenience best served by broad
11 Telegram, State to Door, Novemb~r 18, 1946, NACP, RG 84m Entry 2113N, TGC Subject Files, Box 3
[211820·821]. Telegram Fletcher to Dorr, November 18, 1946, NACP, Lot 70D516, Legal Advisor, Box 13
[209590-592]. Letter Dorr to Sir Desmond Morton, November 22, 1946, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box
1 [206298-299]. TelegramDorr to State, November 22,1946, NACP, RG 59, Lot 70D516, Legal Advisor,
Box 13, [209593596].
12 Questionnaire on gold, Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, February 1947, p. 2,
NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 1 [217912]
13 Report to the Governments of the US, Great Britain and France, 1971, Volume III, Chapter 2, p. 9,
NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [201501]. Letter Nat B. King to Otto Fletcher, November 29, 1949,
NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 8 [206446447].
14 Telegram Dorr to State, January 21, 1948, NACP, RG 59, Lot 70D516, Legal Advisor, Box 13 [209619].
�definition which minimizes problem of exclusion.,,15 OMGUS noted that the TGC
definition added the criterion of source to Angell's definition, which focused on the form
of the gold. OMGUS expressed concern that if they applied the TGC definition, they
would be left with lots of gold that could not be categorized. The War Department
responded that they should be guided by Angell's definition in the assembly of the pool.16
Thus, the definition of monetary gold applied in the assembly of the gold pool focused on
the form of the gold. Gold in the form of bars or coins was monetary and would be
included in the pool. But for distribution, the TGC used a narrower definition that added
the criterion of source. The US government agencies purposely applied these definitions
for "administrative convenience." Clearly, the task was formidable. Weighing and
inventorying the gold overwhelmed the forces. Attempting to determine the source of the
gold would have caused excessive delays in the assembly of the pool. Once the gold was
in the pool, the TGC did not question its origin or suggest that certain quantities of gold
did not belong in the pool. The gold recovered would be insufficient to fully meet the
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claims for looted gold, and the claims were sufficiently complex to challenge the capacity
of the Commissioners. Thus the ideal of "administrative convenience" was both practical
and necessary if the pool of gold were to be distributed. The war shattered European;
economy desperately needed an influx of wealth from the looted gold. Indeed, a world
that traded on the gold standard could not afford the instability caused by so much gold
held in abeyance.
.'
Telegrar,n Dorr to State, February 18, 1948, NACP, RG 59, Lot 62D115, Box 9 [211831-833].
Telegram OMUGS Berlin Gef!1Uiny to CruefofStaffUSA for OSCAD, April 16, 1948, NACP, RG 59,
Lot 62D115, Box 9 [209913-914]. Telegram CAD to OMGUS Berlin, May 27,1948, NACP, RG 59, Lot
62D115, Box 9 [209915-916].
15
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Yet for all the pragmatic reasons to dispose of the gold quickly, the manner in
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which the gold was handled seems to have shortchanged individual victims of Nazi
persecution. Gold in monetary form that may have belonged to individuals was placed in
the pool without a check or balance to restore it to the victims. As the statements of
Albert Thoms who headed of the precious metals department at the Berlin Reichsbank
indicate, SS loot from concentration camps was absorbed into the accounts of the
Reichsbank and being transformed into the forin of monetary gold. 17 Reichsbank gold
made up the largest portion of the gold recovered from the gold hoards and the largest
portion of the pool of monetary gold. Thus, some unknown part of2/3 of the gold pool
was tai~ted with victim gold. The three governments have acknowledged that victim
gold entered the pool and have established a compen'sation fund to which claimant
countries have been asked to contribute stares ofunallocatedgold. 18 But this noble
attempt cannot extract victim gold from the world's stocks of gold. The gold that had
been looted by the Germans is now an integral and unidentifiable part of the international
gold stocks. As a prerequisite for participation in the gold pool, claimant countries had to
relinquish any subsequent claims for looted gold. Particular bars of gold were not
restored to countries that lost them, even if they could be identified. Bars were meltea at
the Bank of England and at the US Assay Office. Bars that weren't recast were given a
clean bill of health and welcomed in the international gold market. The Germans had
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transformed victim gold into monetary form. US forces placed into the gold pool gold
17 Memo SHAEF, G-5 to Col. B. Bernstein, May 8, 1945, SS Loot and the Reichsbank, NACA, RG 260,
Box 422 [212887-891]. Signed statement by Albert Thoms on handling of SS Loot by Reichsbank, May
29,1945, NACP< RG 260, Box 423 [211892-811893].
18 Final Minutes of the Meetings of the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold.
Meeting No. 229, November 26, 1996; Meeting No. 231, January 1997; Meeting No. 232, February 27,
1997; Meeting No. 234, May 22, 1997, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5383, General Records of the Department of
State, Records of the Bureau of Public Affairs, Records of the Office of the Historian, Records of the
Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold 1946-1998, Box 2 [
]
�that was monetary in from without being able to consider its source. Once in the pool,
this gold became part of a larger whole-acceptable tender on the world market.
Considering this chain of events, the gold pot principle can be viewed as having
legitimized the monetization of victim gold by the Nazis.
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Preliminary Report 'of the US Army
Discovery Qf Caches Containing Monetary Gold and Other Valuables.
In 1944, the Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (CIOS) located at
the Londo'n offices of the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary 'Forces
,}-; (SHEAF)developeq.lists ofmilitary,industriat administrative and cultural ,sites slated'
!i for capture by special Target teams, known as T-forces. The T-forces, sometimes with
specialists attached to their units, accompanied an advancing military front,engaging in
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combat ifnecessary, to secure their targets . Listed among the top target priority groups
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were the Berlin Reichsbank and its major branches. By February 1944, the Allies
i . . acquired ~eliable intelligence that Nazi party headquarters, several primary government
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ministries and underground factories relocated t6 Thuringia. Still unknown to the Allies,
however, was the Reichsbank officials' decision to evacuate the Reich gold reserves and
accounts to a safer locale. The increased Allied bomping ofBerlin was cause for alarm
among various Reich officials and they were afraid a bombing raid would destroy the
assets on deposit at the Berlin Reichsbank Between February and April 1945, these
assets, which included the looted gold reserves of various oC'cupied countries, were
~oved to the Winterschal AGKaiseroda Salt Mine near Merkers" Thuringia, Germany.
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Regarding these T ..;force sites as valuable depositories of materiel, administrative
, records and possibly personnel, seemed reason'enough to capture these locations.
However, ad~itional intelligence acquired by the OSS·ip mid- March 1945, after the
capture of the Rhineland, indicated that caches of gold and materiel were located
throughout central and southern Germany for provisioning an arIl1ed resistance
movement against the Allies. These hidden valuables were a threat to Allied security and
their discovery was imperative.' Intelligence was passed on to G-2 Army Intelligence
about tlie existence of the resistance movement caches and the location of the Nazi party
headquarters in Eisenach, Thuringia. This Rieced together information has been referred
to as General Sibert's "guess," and may be the basis for the decision to send the Third US
Army's XII Corps 90 th Infantry Division's 358 th Infantry Regiment to the town of
Merkers on April 4, 1945. By the evening of April '6, 1945, General Eddy, commander
of the 90th Division, was able to report to General Patton, commapder of the Third US
Army, that the huge Kaiseroda Salt Mine near Merkers·purportedly held hidden German
gold reserves. The interrogations of Reichsbank officials apprehended at the mine,
provided G-2 with furtl1er information about even more gold transferred out of Berlin and
cached in Reichsbapk branches around Thuringia, and other caches 'farther south, east,
and in Austria and Switzerland. The Third and Seventh US Armies proceeded to more
than 35 branches acquiring an estimated 98% of the Nazi holdings in Germany of gold
bullion, gold coin, foreign coin and currency, securities, artworks,'religious artifacts and
relics, and critical metals.
'
The swift advance of the Allk~s'through Germany and into Austria during April
and May 1945, was the result ofthe Nazi war machine's failing defenses and civilian
surrenders. Any significant resistance the Allies had expected from armed groups did not
materialize. As the front advanced, the Allies captured German military personnel,
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government civilian personnel, and prison camp internees. Information coming out of
interrogations assisted the Allies in:locating caches, and oftentimes providing the names
of others whom knew of or had hidden caches. The caches discovered in specific
locations in the countryside and towns of southern Germanyand Austria are the result of
these interrogations. While the US troops moved across the landscape, caches were
discovered in churches, homes, bams, chicken woods, mountainsides, roadsides and
rivers.
. There is still debate about the actual monetary value of all the gold bullion and
.coin discovered. The Eizenstat Preliminary Study . . correctly poin~ out that many
reports of uncovered caches seem to rely more on physical descriptions rather then an
accurate itemization of the assets discovered. The final estimate of all these caches is
approximately $300,000,000.
The gold contained in the hidden caches represented the looted gold reserves of a ..
number of occupied countries' central banks and well as bullion, that was resmelted
victim gold. The Prussian Mint and the DEGUSSA refinery operations remelted and
recasted central baTIk gold to disguise its origins and resmelted items such as jewelry,
dental gold other victim gold assets into gold bars sold abroad for foreign currency. Such
bars may have been used to mint coins. In the course of developing a policy to define
monetary gold for restitution, "non-monetary" may have been designated for transfer into
the Gold Pool. Non-monetary gold sold abroad during the Nazi regime may have freely
circulated throughout the post war period and arrived .at the Federal Reserve Bank as
collateral for gold backed loans. In this instance, gold arriving in the US for foreign
exchange or collateral is normally remelted and reassayed by the US Bureau of the Mint
in bars acceptable by the Treas:urY.
Any new research of World War IT restitution must include a deeper more
thorough investigation into the actual.composition of the gold used for international
transactions during the post war period.
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�DRAFT - March 14,2000
The Role of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) acted as the fiscal agent ofthe United
States and, along with the Bank of England and the Bank of France, served as a depository for
the pool of monetary gold administered by the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of
Monetary Gold (TGC). This paper will focus on the later role of the FRBNY and will outline the
deposits into the TGC account at the FRBNY.
The Tripartite Gold Commission's account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
was opened on June 6, 1947 when the Banque Nationale Suisse, in fulfillment of the terms of the
May 1946.Allied-Swiss Accord, requested that the Bank transfer 1,659,119.140 Troy ounces of
I
fine gold from its earmark ac~ountYo the disposal ofthe TGC. The actual amount transferred
was 1,659,121.321 Troy ounces of fine gold in the fonn of 4,031 bars. This deposit was affected
in advance of any contact by the TGC. The FRBNY wrote to the Commission on June 6, 1946
(
informing it of this action. In the meantime, the TGC had sent a letter to the Secretary of State
requesting that the FRBNY be instructed by the Secretary ofthe Treasury to establish a gold
account and a dollar account at the FRBNY in the Commissions name. On November 19, 1947,
the FRBNY wrote to the Commission outlining the specifics of the accounts. The Bank was
predisposed to convert foreign bars and coins into US Assay office bars since these bars were the
only ones accepted as good delivery in the US market. The Commission obtained agreement
from the Bank that gold bars which were considered good delivery on the European market,
foreign coin with a recognized value and US coins could be held under earmark without baving
DRAFT
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�to be melted. For gold that was not in the form of US Assay Office bars, the Bank would not
credit the TGC account with the amount of fine gold specified in the bars' assay certificates but
would indicate that the bars were said to contain the indicated ounces of fine gold. 1
The second deposit to the Federal Reserve account of the TGC was made on December
12, 1949 with gold transferred from the earmark account of the Sveriges Riksbank at the FRR
I
The Allied Swedish accord of July 18, 1946 provided for the delivery ofthis gold to the pool
while leaving open the possibility of additional claims being filed. On June 10, 1949 the
FRBNY contacted the TGC to inform it of the instructi<?ns from the Sveriges Riksbank to effect
the transfer. It took several months for the Commissioners to confer with their governments for
approval ofthe transfer. Consequently, the 571 bars, which had been cast at the Rand refinery in
South Africa, were finally entered on theTGC's books in December and we::re said to contain
~30,049.065 Troy ounces of fine gold.
2
1 Cablegram
Banque Nationale Suisse to FRBNY, May 31, 1947, NACP, RG 59, Lot 62D115,
Box 5 [209235]. Letter E.H. Foley, Jf. to FRBNY, June 6, 1947, RG 59, Lot 62D115, Box 5
[209234] The Gold Book of the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, p.
2, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [211470]. Report to the Governments of the United States
of America,the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France, Volume III,
Chapter I, Section l(a), pp. 1-2, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [201493-494].
Airgram Matthews to Secretary of State, August 30, 1948, NACP, RG 56, Entry 66A816, Box
i [212017].' Letter Peter P. Lang to Tripartite Commission for the Restitution bfMonetary Gold,
January 20, 1950;_NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201869-870]. Letter Norman P. Davis to
Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, June 16, 1950, NACP, RG 59,
Entry 5382, Box 6 [201853;.854]. Gold Book of the TGC, p. 30, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382,
Box 3 [211498]. Report to the Governments of the United States of America, the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France, Annex 22, NACP, RG 59, Entry
5382, Box 3 [206849-850).
2
DRAFT
2
�The Tripartite Advisory Committee on German assets in Japan made 4,817.224 Troy
ounces ofgold available to the TGC on January 8, 1951. The Federal Reserve Bank received
this gold on February 28,1951 and contacted the Commission on March 9, 1951 to communicate
receipt of the shipment of 150 finger bars and ingots. These bars were not good delivery on any
market, so the Commission had them melted down and converted into 12 US Assay Office bars
whose weight totaled 4,815.541 Troy ounces of fine gold. An additional $2.02 was credited to
,
the Commission's dollar account to total 4,815.541 Troy ounces of fine gold entered in the
TGC's account at the FRBNy' 3
The fourth and fifth entries into the account of the Tripartite Gold Commission at ,the
FRBNY originated in Law 53 gold collected in the American zone Germany. The office ofthe
US High Commissioner for Germany contacted the Commission informing it of the this gold,
forwarding a list of the gold bars, gold coins and other gold. The three governments quickly
approved its inclusion in the gold pool, and the FRBNY notified the TGC on February 26, 1952
of the receipt of the gold. The shipment included gold in a great variety of forms'. ;In coinage
were US Eagles and coins from more than a dozen European countries, including Germany.
The gold bars ranged from US Assay Office to Prussian State Mint to Degussa. Also included
were various finger bars, flat bars, peanut bars, bands, sheets, plates, spikes, nuggets, buttons and
Letter TGC Commissioners to Tripartite Advisory committee on German Assets, January 15,
1951, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201887]. Letter Norman P. Davis to TGC, March 9,
1951, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [210885]. Letter TGC Commissioners to FRBNY,
March 13, 1951, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201884]. Letter E.W. Carroll to TGC, April
3, 1951, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201879]. Gold Book ofthe TGC, p. 36, NACP, G
59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [211504]. Report to the Governments ofthe United States of America,
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France, Annex 22, p. 10, NACP,
RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [206851].
3
DRAFT
3
�chips-many items clearly not in the form of monetary gold. Several numismatic coins were
found in the lot. Some of the other gold coins, not of numismatic value, were eyed by the
Secretary of the Treasury who considered acquiring them but decidep against it. The Law 53
gold had been problematic, and it had remained in Germany for a number of years as the
governments wrestled with the question of whether to put in the gold pool. But when the list of
its content circulated in 1952, it does not appear that the Commission or the Department of State
or the Federal Reserve Bank questioned that any of this gold belonged in the pool. Ofthis gold,
bars that were good delivery on the American and European markets and coin's that had
recognized value were earmarked to the Commission's account. The other items were sent to the
US Assay Office for conversion. Because of the multiple operations required by the unusual
formslf gold in this lot', the gold was entered into the TGC's account in two parts: 19,116.412
,
Troy ounces of fine gold on June 24, 1952 and 20,795.845 Troy ounces of fine gold on October
3, 1952. 4
Telegram Department of State to Brussels for Fox, November 13,1951, NACP, RG 84, Entry
2113N, Box 3 [206641]. Letter KA. Keyserlingk to Homer S. Fox, December 11, 1951, with
attached list of gold, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 5 [201758-761]. Letter KA. Keyserlingk
to Homer S. Fox, with attached list of gold, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 5 [206425-431].
Letter TGC Commissioners to FRBNY, January 25, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Lot 62D115, Box 9
[211611]. Telegram, Bonn to Secretary of State, February 14, 1952, NACP, RG 56, Entry
69A7584, Box 4 [202254]. Telegram US High Comm. For Germany, February 16,1952,
NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113N, Box 3 [206636]. Telegram Bonn to Secretary of State, February
25,1952, NACP, RG 56, Entry 69A7584, Box 4 [202253]. Telegram Department of State to
HICOG, February 27,1952, NACP, RG 56, Entry 69A7584, Box 4 [202252]. Letter FRBNY to
TGC, March 12, 1952, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113M, Box 5 [211670-673]. Letter Norman P.
Davis to TGC, March 13, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 4 [201585-586]. Memorandum
of conversation, Otto F. Fletcher with Mr. Beddford, April 18, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Lot
62D115, Box 1 [211799-801]. The Gold Book of the TGC, pp. 38 & 40, NACP, RG 59, Entry
5382 [211506 & 211508]. Report to the Governments of the United States of America, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France, Annex 22, pp. 15-16, NACP,
RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [206856-857].
4
DRAFT
4
�Additional entries in 1952 into the Federal Reserve Account of the TGC consisted of the
following: 5,000 gold Sovereigns seized from the fonner Gennan legation in Lisbon at the end of
the war, 322 miscellaneous gold coins taken from Gennan Embassy in Madrid, 20 kilograms of
gold bullion that had been deposited with the United States Embassy in Madrid and two
additional gold coins from the United States zone in Gennany. Authorization to deposit the
5,000 sovereigns had been granted by the Department of State in 1948, but no action was taken
to implement it. By May 1952, the three governments reached agreement that the 5,000
Sovereigns, the 322 miscellaneous gold coins and the 20 kilograms of bullion should go into the
gold pool. On June 11, the Commission requested the FRBNY to accept the gold. The Bank
received the shipment on October 24, 1952. The coins were acceptable for eannark but the 20
kilograms of gold bullion in the fonn of 21 "Gabriel" bars were not considered good delivery on
any market-thus not in the fonn of monetary gold. Again there is no evidence of questions
being asked at the time as to whether this gold belonged in the pool. The "Gabriel" bars were
melted into two US Assay Office bars. The 5,000 Sovereigns were entered into the
Commission's account on October 5,1952, 1,679.433 Troy ounces offine gold, deposit number
six. The 322 coins, which totaled 40,107 Troy ounces of fine gold, were recorded as deposit
number seven on November 6, 1952. Also on November 6, the two gold coins found in
Gennany entered the pool of monetary gold, weighing only 0.464 Troy ounces of fine gold. The
"Gabriel" bars, after having been melted into two US Assay Office bars were recorded on the
j
TGC's books on December 27,1952 at 644.531 Troy ounces of fine gold, deposit number nine. 5
Telegram Lisbon to Secretary 'of State, November 24,1948, NACP, RG 56, Entry 66A816, Box
1 [212011]. Telegram Lovett to Lisbon, December 29, 1948, NACP, RG 56,Entry 66A816
5
DRAFT
5
�"
~
Gold that became the tenth accrual into the account of the Tripartite Gold, Commission at
the Federal Reserve Bank had been found by Austrian gendarmes on February 18, 1949 near
Hintersee, Austria. A small percentage of the 16,632 gold coins was stolen by one of the
gendarmes and subsequently recovered. Austrian authorities soon suggested that the 100
kilograms of gold coins should be sent to the gold pool. Late in 1954, the three governments
concurred that the gold should be put at the disposal of the TGC. The gold was flown from
Austria to New York to avoid moving it through the Soviet zone. The FRBNY received the six
cases of gold on January 20, 1955 and 3,149.812 Troy ounces of fine gold were entered on the
TGC's books on Febru,ary 17, 1955. 6
[212010]. Telegram Tesero to Madrid, April 4, 1952, German Embassy Gold, NACP, RG 59,
Lot 62D115, Box 5 [209212]. Airgram Acheson to Fox, May 16, 1952, TGC gold shipments,
NACP, RG 56, 69A7584, Box 4 [202239-240]. Letter Norman P. Davis to TGC, October 31,
1952, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201875-878]. Letter TGC Commissioner to FRBNY,
November 24, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201874]. Letter E.S. Rothman to TGC,
December 22, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201871-873]. Letter K.A. Keyserlingk
to Colonel Watson, September 29, 1952, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 5 [201753]. Friend,
Loupe and Zepp to Mr. Fred Smith, October 13, 1952, NACP, RG 56, Entry 69A7584, Box 4
[202233]. The Gold Book of the TGC, pp. 40 & 42, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [211508
& 211510]. Report to the Governments ofthe United States of America, the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France, Annex 22, p. 18, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box
3 [206859].
Dispatch Richard H. Davis to Department of State, May 3, 1954, Gold found in Hintersee,
Austria, NACP, RG 59, Lot 70D516, Box 16 [209858-862]. Department of State Instruc~ion
Dulles to Vienna, June 22, 1954, Gold found in Hintersee, Austria, NACP, RG 56, Entry
69A7584, Box 4 [202217]. Despatch Charles W. Yost to Department of State, July 2, 1954,
Gold found in Hintersee, Austria, NACP, RG 59, Lot 70D516 [209857]. Department of State
Instruction Hoover to Vienna, Brussels, December 17, 1954, Gold Found in Hintersee, Austria,
NACP, RG 56, Entry 69A7584 [202216]. Telegram Thompson to Secretary of State, December
31, 1954, NACP, RG 56, Box 4 [202215]. Letter Charles W. Adair, Jr. to Colonel Watson,
January 17, 1955, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 5 [201833]. Telegram Torbert to Secretary of
State, January 17, 1955, NACP, RG 56, Entry 69A7584 [202213]. Letter Charles W.Adair to
Colonel Watson, January 20, 1955, NAACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 5 [201825]. Letter
Secretary ofTGC to Commissioners, January 20, 1955, with attached copy of telegram from
6
DRAFT
6
�The eleventh and final transfer of gold to the Federal Reserve account of the Tripartite
Commission was a second delivery by the Government of Sweden in response to additional
claims that were filed before the deadline stipulated in the Allied-Swedish Accord. Like the first
delivery, the second was a transfer of gold from the Swedish Riksbank's earmark account at the
FRBNY to the account of the TGC. The Bank notified the Commission on May 2,1955 of the
transfer and 192,904.4184 Troy ounces of fine gold were entered on the TGC's books on May 5,
1955. Among the bars transferred were seven which bore the mint stamps of both the Swedish
and the Prussian mints. The Bank expressed concern that these bars might not be good delivery
on the European market and suggested their conversion into US Assay Office bars. The
Commission consulted with the Bank of England and the Bank of France and concluded that the
bars met the requirements for good delivery as. outlined by the Bank of France, with the
exception that the Prussian mint was not listed as approved by the Bank of France. However,
since the bars also carried the stamp of the Swedish Mint, a refiner/assayer approved by the Bank
of France, the Commission accepted that they would be good delivery in Europe and agreed that
the entire transfer from the
Sverig~s
Riksbank account at the FRB would be moved into the TGC
earmark account. 7
FRBNY, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113N, Box 3 [206673-674]. Letter N. Abel to TGC, February 7,
1955, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 5 [201822-824]. Report to the Governments of the
United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France,
Annex 22, p. 19, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [206860]. The Gold Book ofthe TGC, p.
46, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 3 [211514].
Letter Otto F. Fletcher to Charles W. Adair, April 22, 1955, NACP, RG 59, Lot 62D115, Box 2
[214130-132]. Charles W. Adair, Jr. to Colonel J.A. Watson, April 26, 1955, NACP, RG 84,
Entry 2113N, Box 3 [206672]. lA. Watson to the Chief Cashier, the Bank ~fEngland, May 31,
1955, NACP, RG 59, Entry 5382, Box 6 [201852]. Letter Norman P. Davis to the TGC, June 28,
7
DRAFT
7
�Our research into the role of the Federal Reserve Bank of New'York continues; only
recently have we gained access to the Bank's files in New York. We should note that we view
our work as a continuation of that done by Dr. Slany for the 1997 and 1998 studies on looted
gold and assets.~ The present paper has attempted to tie together some of the threads in Slany's
volumes and weave. together a coherent whole. Neither of Slany's studies focused on the Federal
Reserve Bank. However, Slany did address the FRBNY along with other issues such as the
Swiss transfer, the Law 53 gold and the German Embassy of Madrid gold-all of which were
covered in the previous pages. The Slany reports also address the FRB in relation to issues such
as gold being held by the Federal Reserve as collateral for loans to Spain by Chase National
Bank and National City Bank in 1950; the proposed sale of Argentine gold to the FRBNY in
1947; and relations between the Bank of International Settlements and the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York during the war. We have pursued and will continue to pursue these issues and
other issues in our research.
!
1955, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113N, Box 4 [206701-702]. J.A. Watson to TGC Commissioners,
July 22, 1955, NACP, RG 84, Entry 2113N, Box 4 {206699-700].
.
8 U.S.
and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by
Germany During World War IT, Preliminary Study, coordinated by Stuart E. Eizenstat, prepared
by William Z. Slany, Department of State Publication 10468, May 1997. U.S. and Allied
Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and
Turkey on Looted gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns About the Fate ofthe
Wartime Ustasha Treasury, coordinated by Stuart E. Eizenstat, prepared by William Slany,
Department of State, June 1998.
DRAFT
8
�'(,'
�. ."
BI-WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
01. JUNE 1999-14. JUNE 1999
GOLD TEAM
JENNIFER RODGERS
Boxes reviewed:
435-450
462-488
531-535
560-574
I.
INTRODUCTION
During the first half of June I continued my review of Record Group 260, Records of tile US Occupation
Headquarters, World, War II, Records of the Foreign Exchange Depository (FED). As stated in an earlier
report, the FED, located in tlle former Reichsbank building in Frankfurt a/Main, acted as a custodian for
assets fOWld throughout Third Reich territory and assets which fell under Military Government Law
Number 53 (Foreign Exchange Control). Review of all FED boxes was completed and those relevant
docunlents photocopied.
n.
MA T.ERIAL REVIEWED
Where relevant, boxes will be described in detail. In those cases where nothing relevant was found a
general description will be assigned.
Boxes 435-450
These are docunlents previously reviewed by Mark, which I went through a second time in order to find a
copy of the Howard Report. The Howard! Report was the first official inventory of precious metals,
particularly gold, to be found in tile custody of the FED. The exact use of tllis report is not clear,
especially as the governing countries of tile Tripartite Gold Commission (TGC) did not recognize the
report, according to one TGC draft file. We need to address the following questions in regard to the
Howard Report. They are as follows:
1. How accurate was tile inventory of the gold?
2. Who recognized and used the report?
3.' How much did they rely on it and for what?
Boxes 462-488
Box 462- irrelevant docs re: currency
Box 463- various inventories of currency, securities, jewels
Box 464- various correspondence re: appraisals and possible discrepancies; inventories of metals, jewelS
. and valuation; cable re: incoming non-monetary gold and turning over of nunlismatic coins to
MFA
.
Box 465- did not review as Mark had previously done so (per his authorization)
Box 466- inventory of assets from various banks and of bank accounts of non-monetary gold holdings
Box 467- various cables and memos re: restitution policy and restitution of jewelry
Box 468- irrelevant docs re: currency
Box 469- various cables in regards to tile following: restitution of gold and securities to different countries,
and disposition of valuables
Box 470- schedule of gold and pertinent information provided by Thoms; report on status of the FED as of
2. Sept. 1949; schedule of assets to be released; memo re: direct restitution to Baroness Weiss
Box 471- irrelevant docunlents relating to currency, fines and standard operating procedure; various re:
I
Named for Mr. Howard, who was the senior Treasury De~artrnent official at the FED.
�...
procedures for SS loot and other loot
Boxes 472- 483 deal with Operations Birddog and Doorknob. These top-secret operations dealt with
currency printed in the United States, which was subsequently shipped to Germany and
incorporated into the German economy.
Box 472- irrelevant documents pertaining to Birddog and Doorknob
Box 473- list of FED holdings as of 20.11.45; schedule of gold returned to Belgium; various memos re:
shipments and inventories thereof; various docs re: Birddog and Doorknob
Boxes 474-482: irrelevant documents re: Birddog and Doorknob
Box 483- numerous lists of bars from Prussian mint, DEGUSSA, different countries; lists of coins
Box 484- lists, shipping tickets and records relating to monetary gold and gold delivery to various nations
Box 485- lists re: Austrian gold (bars, coins); receipts for delivery of gold restituted by TGC, coin lists, lists
of gold bars, reconciliations of Howard Report with actual gold count by FED
Box 486- ledgers for varions shipments at FED- listed by item
Box 487- grand list for Netherlands (bars, coins); coin lists and work sheets for Austria and Belgium
Box 488- various memos re: procedure of inventory of FED, FED holdings; history of Gold Pot delivery I
and memos re: history in regards to TGC
Boxes 531-535 Records relating to Tabulation and Classification of Deposits
Box 531- various re: diamonds restituted to the Netherlands, daily volume reports, docs re: restitution of
gold to Hungary
.
Box 532- nwnerous bar lists (Prussian mint, no melter's stamp ... )
Box 533- various re: gold bars
Box 534- tally-ins, lists of good delivery bars for Luxembourg
Box 535- bar lists (melter and assayer), coin lists, currency lists
Boxes 560-574
Box 560- assets released to individuals, assets released to central bank Frankfurt, and Landeszentralbank,
Frankfurt; currency inventory
Box 561- primarily currency assets released to various nations; 85 envelopes from Dachau released to
Norway;
Box 562- assets (primarily currency) released to various cowltries, some jewels and life insurance policies
(to HWlgary), sealed envelopes from Dachau to France
Box 563- assets (primarily currency) to various nations, life insurance policy to Runlania, Dachau
envelopes to Luxembourg
Boxes 564-566: irrelevant certificates of credit
Box 567- inventory tag controls for coins, currency
Ill.
COMMENTS
In reviewing the above boxes I have found some new material in addition to facts which have been
established previously. The policies and procedures of the FED are becoming more clear in regards to
receipt, inventory and disbursement of shipments. Using these as guidelines, I feel it is feasible to track
those assets of special interest to ns from the shipments (especially Shipments One and Sixteen). Albert
Thoms' role in the FED is taking interesting turns. Consultation of captured records and Treasury
Department records is a must. We need to establish the parameters of those questions relating to the
Howard Report (see above) as quickly as possible.
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�Progress report of the Gold Team for July 1999
We have completed our examination of the records of the Foreign Exchange Depository Group (FED) in
Record Group 260 at the National Archives, College Park, MD (NARAII). We are still exploring the
records of the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold (TGC), especially documents
_ that NARAII has recently made available to general researchers. We will finish these boxes in the middle
of August 1999.
In order to cover all possible bases, we decided to v~nture into a number of record sets which we knew
would not yield much information. However, from a strict historical research standpoint, we believe that it
was important to examine these records, viz., the Office of Censorship and the Research and Analysis
Branch of the Office of Strategic Services.
We also made some forays into the records of the Department of the Treasury in an effort to complete the
research conducted in the TGC records. Our reasoning was to develop the "Treasury" voice in decisions
made in Brussels, as a counterbalance to the ~.tate Department's presence in TGC matters.
Finally we consulted the non-reference materials supplied by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the
wake of the Eizelh'ltat Commission's research undertaking in 1997. These records yielded useful
infomlation on a variety of topics which will help, guide our future research endeavors.
1.
The Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold (TGC)
We finished our examination of TGC documents in the records of the US delegation to the Inter-Allied
Reparations Agency (lARA). We also surveyed the records of the US Embassy in Brussels, Belgium (RG
84).
The newly-accessioned TGC records which we also consulted belong to the Office of the Historian of the
Department of State (RG 59). These records extend to the closing of the TGC in 1998. They have proven
to be of great use to us since they contain a complete history of TGC operations as well as lists of gold pool
transactions, illCluding deposits, distributions and sales.
These documents reconfirm our initial fmdings whereby:
a.
the TGC did not take steps to determine the origin of the gold in the pool unless that
knowledge could help settle a country's claim;
b.
. its policy against addressing the claims of individuals helped keep the commissioners
removed from victims' claims;
c.
the TGC's narrow definition of monetary gold differed from that of Allied countries
placing gold in the' pool.
We can aver that the gold pool was tainted and the US goverument enacted policies tllat encouraged tile
incorporation of tainted gold into the pool.. We sinlply do not know the extent to which the contents of the
pool are snspect.
2.
The Office of Censorshjp (RG 216)
The Office of Censorship was established in the wake of the US' entry into the Second World War. Its
purpose was to monitor correspondence and communications regarding possible dealings witl} the Axis
powers in order to forestall any activity that would work against-the security interests of America. at war.
The Administrative Division Boxes yielded nothing of substance, although there were occasional reports of
smuggling diamonds and other valuables which we shared with the Financial Assets group.
�Entry 14 and 16 which pertained to the Research Division of the OSS yielded nothing of valile, widl the
exception of reports on European insurance companies and one report on the export of gold from the
Slovakian National Bank to payoff a debt with Sweden.
3.
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) Research and Analysis Branch.
Entry 5 "Most Secret" Cablegrams received from OSS outposts 1942-1944 yielded nothing (5 boxes).
Entry 12 Weekly Notes of Economic Intelligence yielded nothing.
Entry ]4 abstracts. This entry contained a number of documents that illustrate ways in which gold was
smuggled for resale into neutral countries. There were many documents on the black market in gbld
bullion in Turkey, consisting mostly of looted gold coming out of Central Europe. We also found policy
related docunlents pertaining to post-war restitution of looted property in Germany and Austria, the looting
of Austrian government building by American troops. Instances of looting of gold in Yugoslavia were
documented. But, in general, these abstracts provided no useful information for any of the research teams.
Entry 17 Name and Subject Indexes to. XL and L Series. These documents, which consist of barely
digested raw intelligence assessmeilts, were more fruitful, in that the data focused more on dlefts of
monetary gold from Hungary and other cowmies, as well as dIe activities of individuals in Spain suspected
of laundering looted assets, inCluding gold and works of art.
4.
United States Counsel for the prosecution of Axis criminality (RG 238)
These records which were introduced as evidentiary docunlents at the International Military Tribunal of
Nuremberg gave us useful backgrowld for dIe economic and financial crimes committed by dIe Reichsbank
and other entities of the TIlird Reich. They were especially useful in our detailed examination of the
Circwllstances under which dIe Reichsbank obtained and laundered so-called victim gold from
extermination centers in Poland.
5.
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) (RG 82-non reference materials at NARAlI)
We examined these records as part of our mission to understand the nature of the relationship between the
FRBNY and the TGC, the policy of the FRBNY with respect to incoming shipments of gold~monetary
and non-monetary, and the FRBNY's relations widl dIe Bank for International Setdements (BIS) between
1938-1958.
If anydling, dlese records; spread out among six binders, have given ns an insight into dIe internal workings
of the FRBNY and the ways in which central banks did business before, during, and after dIe Second
World War. Although a division within the Department of dIe Treasury, the FRBNY often clashed widl the
Treasury over procedural matters involving transactions widl European banks and central banks. When the
FRBNY felt dlat an issue was too delicate, it passed it on to the Department of State, especially as regards
the BIS.
We noted that, in the late 1940s, the FRBNY was reluctant to question the provenance of gold coming from
Sweden and other so-called neutral countries. It invoked the declarations of 1944, which would mean dIe
Morgendlau statement of February 22, 1944, and dIe Bretton Woods Resolution VI of July 20, 1944, both
of which strongly urged neutral cowltries not to collaborate in the lawldering of looted assets and, in
particular, gold bullion. WllY dIe FRBNY would invoke these documents as a reason not to ask whence
gold bullion came has puzzled us and requires furdler investigation. Furdlennore, dIe FRBNY received the
evidence from dIe Swedish government that the gold dlat the Swedish Central Bank wished to' send to New
York had been looted from the Belgians. But the FRBNY was unmoved by this evidence.
Similarly, in the late 1950s, the FRBNY accepted gold bars which had been looted during the war by the
Germans and pre-dated to hide their plundered provellauce. It ordered them melted down in order to be
acceptable as "good delivery" bars and were placed in an account with National City Bank. The
transaction aimed at facilitating a loan between National City Bank and the Spanish Foreign Exchange
Institute. The loan could go through only if the gold was "clean."
�With regard to the BIS, the documents paint a fragmentary picture of its wartime and post-war activities .
. Once bars were deposited at the BIS, the owners lost tide to them and they became BIS assets. In
exchange, depositors were given an equivalent amount of gold of similar fineness and weight.
We want to follow up on a story involving Romania whereby 33.7 million dollars of looted Belgian gold
were in the possession of the Rumanian Central Bank. We objected to Rumania using that gold to obtain
loans and did not appreciate the fact that the US Embassy in Bern facilitated that transaction by allowing
the Rumanian goverument to place dus gold in a custodial account at dIe Swiss National Bank as collateral
for diese loans.
All in all, dIe FRBNY did not wish to alienate odler central banks, namely the Reichsbank and dle BIS. It
left to the State Department and to Treasury the task of delineating policy matters and conflicts.
One last item dIat held our attention: the Atomic Energy Commission purclIased non-monetary gold from
dIe International Refugee Organization.
6.
US Bureau of the Mint (RG 104)
We examined these records in order to answer a lIagging question: did dIe Mint refuse to assay gold bars in
New York which came from dIe TGC gold pool? If so, why?
In trying to answer these two questions, we also came. up widl documents that the Mint was quite
convinced that the Prussian State Mint bars at dIe FED in Frankfurt were of questionable origin and needed
to be remelted in order to be acceptable as good delivery monetary bars.
The main answer to the first question is yes. The answer to dIe second answer is: filIancial. The Mint felt
it would be too costly and preferred to let the Bank of England and dIe Banque de France handle dIat part
of dIe procedure .
...
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BI-WEEKLY REPORT
15 JUNE -29 JULY 1999
JENNIFER RODGERS
GOLD TEAM
I.
.r
INTRODUCTION
Over the course of the end of June I have reviewed boxes from various record groups and re-visited the
FED in order to establish a history of incoming and outgoing shipments. In addition to research I began
composing a chronology of FED events and one of the" Albert Thoms Story". I also wrote a description of
relevant record groups and those documents that are of interest to the Gold Team.
II.
MATERIAL REVIEWED
As in previous reports, relevant documents will be described in detail and those irrelevant will be assigned
a general description.
RG 56 Treasury
Chronological Files of Harry Dexter White
Box 4
Various memos in regards to the following: ownership of the Deutsche Golddiskonbank, Axis influence in
Central and South America; Gemlan exploitation of tile Netherlands, Belgium's economic situation, and
notes Oil the FFC. The Golddiskontbank and German exploitation of the Netherlands are/were of interest,
however, upon further examination, the Golddiskontbank revealed nothing of any significance.
Box 13
Chronological Files containing memos to various people including Morgenthau. There is a partieularly
interesting document to Morgendlau in regards to restitution policy and swaying so the US gets as much
gold as possible. There are two further memos about Chase bank's collaboration with dIe Nazis and gold
captured by dIe US Army.
Box 25
Largely irrelevant mondlly reports to the Secretary of the Treasury.
Special Subject Files
Box 1
This box contains a whole muddle of documents, many of which do not pertain to one another. Included in
tins box are: a lnstory of dIe Treasury department's activities in regards to looted gold and its restitution,
cables about Gemlan extenlal assets, restitution of Belgian, Dutch, Hungarian, Polish and Portuguese gold,
and resmelting of gold by tile Reichsbank.
Box 3
Various documents relating to Dutch gold. There was also a Tresorbuch of tile Reichsbank and a daily log
of Reichsbank deposits.
Box 4
More documents in regards to Dutch gold as well as numerous Reichsbank records (unfortUllady notInng
pertaining to loot...)
RG 43 Records of Int'l Conferences, Commissions and Expositions
Tripartite Talks on German
Box 198
Incredibly irrelevant documents on countries such as Libya and India .
RG260
Office of the Fitlance Division
Records regarding Bank Investigations
Box 48
Recording relating to the Deutsche Golddiskontbank; found to be irrelevant
Box 50
Various documents relating to restitution of gold and silver to Hungary; included in box is an inventory of
SS Loot by shipment
�Financial Institutions Branch
Boxes 60-63
Numerous files on insurance companies in Germany and possible suspicious business dealings.
OMGUS records relating to Policy and Procedure
Boxes 22-38
Extracted specific files that looked interesting. As yet I've fomld nothing too interesting, but I'm still in the
process of reviewing these files.
FED Central Files
I spent an inordinate anIomlt of time re-examining a number of these boxes trying to figure out the course
of the incoming and outgoing shipments. The incoming numbers appeared to correlate to dIe outgoing
nWllbers and upon further (much further!) inspection this was found no1.to be the case. Ach!
m. .
CONCLUSIONS
Treasury records specifically relating to the looted gold and the memo from White to Morgendmu about
influencing gold restitution so that the US may receive more need to be examined further. The problem
widl the shipments is of most concern at present, especially as FED docmnents do not agree Widl TGC
docmnents. Although I feel dmt it has been solved for the most part, certain aspects, such as the mixing of
gold from incoming shipments with gold from odler incoming shipments need to be understood furdler. 1
plan on continuing my work widl Albert Thoms as well.
�~I
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RG226
Entry 5
Boxes 1-3 of 5
Records of the OSS
Research and Analysis Branch
. "Most Secret" Cablegrams Received from OSS Outposts 1942-1944
-Box contents are mostly irrelevant. Entries deal with military operations, ~ovements,
and targets; casualty figures; shipping statistics (e.g. weight, dates, and inventories);
industry; trade; docking rights; diplomatic positions; office-holders.
-Contents arranged alphabetically by name of post from which received and then
chronologically. Entry is divided into two series: shipping and all other matters
-flagged and copied one report listing German banks by location, management, and
employees
-flagged and copied one report about the alleged removal and later discovery by the
Italians of Yugoslav gold
Boxes 3-5 of 5
Documents in boxes deal with shipping records - names of ships; flag, if any; arriving from
and going to; etc .... No mention of cargo contents or individual personalities.
Entry 12
Box 1 ofl
Records of the OSS
Research and Analysis Branch - OffICe ofthe Chief
Weekly "Notes ofEconomic Intelligence" Prepared by the
British Ministry of Economic Warfare 1942
-Box contents are irrelevant - information contained deals with: labor statistics; coal, oil, petroleum,
gasoline statistics; shipping and railway transport records; supply and demand data for food and
clothing; cash flow data for various Eastern European and Asian countries; and data concerning
purchases made/items sold.
-NO data on gold/silver, looting, gems, securities, stocks, bonds, etc ...•
RG226
Entry 14 - Abstracts
Boxes 62-64 - Metals, Minerals, Oil, Petroleum
Records of the OSS
Research and Analvsis Branch
31
�-looked at records dealing with gold and silver, as weD as diamonds. Boxes ~re arranged
alphabetically by minerallmaterial type and then by country. Any records relating to gold and
silver have been flagged and copied. Records relating to diamonds were copied and given to
Sebastian for the non-gold assets team.
-many of the copied abstracts are not useful, as the abstract does not indicate clearly tbe content of
the document. Other times, the abstract and the document contain exactly the same small amount of
information. Also, the abstracts have a tendency to ,be misleading.
-listing of document #, pertinent information, and where the original can be found in RG 226
61314 - not useful (entry 16, #742)
15791- not useful (microfilm MI499, #67)
50814 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #389)
81983 - not useful (entry 16, #959)
78386 - not useful (entry 16, #925)
15927 - (copied) !iocument deals witb.sbipments of gold mad~wpjed-Er.an~y' the ../
Germans flJUll."ligiea,.- document mentions secret telegrams, which I have tried to obtain
fu,m RG 59 Decimal File Source Cards 1940-1944 Entry E-199 Algiers, From Boxes 12-13.
Upon locating the source cards, I tried to call up the tdegrams, however, they were missing
from their boxes, and cannot be found. (microfilm MI499, #68)
44256 - not useful (microfilm MI499, #326)
61093 - card/document contain same info (entry 16, #742),
57498 - List of German gold tr actions conducted in Turkey (co ied ent ...!!i,..~"","",,46694 - not us
• ro I m M1499, #345)
94254 - note on aircraft bein use J!y_Germ8J!y_to-smuggUe-goid-outJ!f GermanY.8!!.d Fr~o..-/
and spain -=J~ng to find out wbo the Swedish diplomat tbat conveyed the
fnfo~opied) (entry 16, #1082)
47090 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #348)
125988 - Gold held in Germany, and_Ge~y's gold holdings- (entry 16, #1445)
89240 - ~d~ts by the Deutsche Bank (copied) (entry 16, #1025)
87258 - Info on importation of German gold into Turkey (copied) (entry 16, #1008)
52231- not useful (entry 16, #623)
59585 - riot useful (entry 16, #719)
OB 7192- not useful (entry 23)
63351- not useful (entry 16, #767)
64899 - not useful (entry 16, #783)
5264 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #17)
83061 - not useful (entry 16, #970)
,
103717- Flight of Axis Capital, Looted Property, and enemy Assets in Spain - report sent out by
US Embassy in Madrid - tried to locate the documents and dispatches mentioned in the
original document in RG 59 Decimal File Source Cards 1940-44 Entry E-199 Spain, From
Box 807- found tdegram records, but could not locate the files in boxes 3279-3280, where
they sbould have been. Also looked for circular airgrams mentimled in RG 59 Decimal File
Source Cards 1940-44 Entry E-199 Circular, From Box 202 - found record, but could not
find the original document in box 3279. (entry 16, #1173)
82958 - not useful (entry 16, #969)
,
99
~ look for a man named Veltjen, a collaborator of Goering (entry 16, #723)
44709 notes on arrest of two Frencb Moroccan bank managers who were smugglers for tbe
Germans -look for Bapst and Desoubry (microfilm M1499, #328)
53003 - Survey on German Plundering of Norway (entry :0.6, #631) - Document is missing
93585 - not useful (entry 16, #1074) ,
"'rtugal
'il
-J
~
32
�3756 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #12)
44256- not useful (microfilm M1499, #326)
46694 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #345)
~ not useful (entry 16, #803)
~ist of Axis Gold sales on the Turkish market (microfilm M1499, #344)- Document missing
from roll
_
,...,.,,,".....1' List of persons making sizeable gold sales in Turkey (entry 16, #737)
- 9 Smuggling of gold into Turkey via axis diplomatic pouches - focus on Biserov, the
Bulgarian consul-general in Istanbul (entry 16, #733)
- List of German and Swiss gold arriving in Istanbul destined for a German -Bank (entry 16,
. only weights are given, not source or identifying markers.
63
- commercial transactions of the Deutsche Bank in IIstanbul (entry 16, #7(8)
47 - not useful (entry 16, #7(2)
§S.U4....- not useful (entry 16, #786)
~ report on smuggling of British gold into Turkey, illlcluding gold bearing a Rothschild stamp
- (entry 16, #844)
85047- not useful (entry 16, #986)
~ document is missing (entry 16, #843)
~ List of gold sales and purchases from the Deutsche Bank in June, 1944 (entry 16, #918)
RG226
Entry 14 - Abstracts
Records of the ass
Research and Analysis Branch
-Boxes contain 500-600 index cards, which are abstracts of OSS reports. Most of the abstracts are
of articles irrelevant to our study (military operations, public opinion, roads, POW interrogations,
maps, weather reports, and supply inventories)
-Anything relating to goldlsilver, art, and looting has been flagged and copied. Upon ordering the
original reports on which the abstracts were based, most of the information was determined to be
useless (abstract and report contained same info, abstract was misleading, andlor original report
was simply missing, due to loss or transfer)
-listing of document #, pertinent information, and where origUial can be found in RG 226
1-Austria
84672 - report on how to handle restoration to rightful owners confiscated property in Germany
and Austria - Original report has been transferred to the State Dept. - needs to be located
-currently missing - (entry 16, #983)
1269 -<,- not useful (entry 16, #1446)
43742 correspondence between top Nazi officials illustrating the process by which the looting
of Austria was legalized - mentions confiscation of art and cultural property belonging to
Jews - wI Jonathan (entry 16, #16(6)
97368 - report on pre/post annexation Austria - mentions artistic treasures outside Vienoa
Original report has been transferred to the State Dept. - needs to be located (entry 16,
#1115)
110912 - report on Salzburg region - w/Jennifer (entry Jl6, #1251)
&
33
�!~
,. . not useful (entry 16, #1138)
. ,
report mentioning that 1400Kg of gold has been tll'ansferred to Germany by Slovakian
National Bank - document and abstract are the same - (entry 16, #925)
81040 - report on the Austrian Schoeller family (entry 16,949)
~.:..
Box ii2-Austria
83227 - Draft report on laws relating to the Austriapl National Bank and Austrian monetary system
(entry 16, #971)
.
131874 - report on libraries and art objects hidden in salt mines at Hallein (entry 16, #1518)
M337C - report on Austrian banking system - cannot find "M" series records
57553 - not useful (entry 16, #693)
140269 - not useful (entry 16, #1625)
121490 - not useful (entry 16, #1384)
28155 - not useful (microfilm MI499, #183)
2
- report on Salzburg region (entry 16, #1482)
.
8022 '- report on a number of issues, including the looting of bombed buildings - section of
inte~ has been deleted by the OSS/CIA, and we are waiting for declassification of that portion
of the report - declass has not found the missing section of the report, or they are simply
unwilling to declassify it (entry 16, #942)
135418 - not useful (entry 16, #1563)
76693 - not useful (entry 16, #909)
~
-
Box ii3-Austria
M719C - report on looting of art treasures by German Nazis in Vienna - cannot find "M" series
records
133725 - not useful (entry 16, #1540)
Box ii3-Axis
02
~
- not useful (microfilm M1499, #298)
60459 report that Axis govemments smuggle gold into Turkey via diplomatic poucbes
ry 16, #733)
,
138822 - not useful (entry 16, #1607)
.
55006 - document on tbe Hermann Goering Works, including tbe development of its economic
power - document missing from box - (entry 16, #662)
Box ii4-Axis
21746 - report entitled "Switzeriand's fmandal transactions on bebalf of Germany and Axis
countries" - report is on microfilm, and not clear enough to be printed - first page bas been
copied - (microfilm M1499, #123)
15178 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #58)
15791 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #67)
27805 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #179)
26850 - not useful (microfdm M1499, #170)
128543 - reply of Costa Rican govt. regarding official policy towards looted gold - not copied, but
available (entry '16, # 1471)
115662...: not useful (entry 16, #132()
BOlt iii-Axis
71375 - report on German banks - document missing from folder - (entry 16, #857)
34
�26841 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #170)
38100 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #279)
33891- not useful (microfilm M1499, #238)
Boxes 116-117-Axis
Boxes were thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth further study was found. No
cards we're flagged, nor were any additional documents called up.
Box 167-Denmark
97058 - Document missing from box (State Dept. card) (entry 16, #1113)
132717 - Document missing from box (entry 16, #1578)
Box 168-Denmark
73927 -,not useful (entry 16, #882)
,
72778 - not useful (entry 16, #872)
41818 - not useful (plundering mentioned in abstract relates to consumable goods, not
gold/silver/valuables) (microfilm M1499, #309)
55741- not useful (entry 16, #670)
69812 - not useful (entry 16, # 832)
Box 16S-Denmark
81977 - document is missing from box (entry 16, #958)
143597 - card in folder said to look up report #143739. Report is not in folder labeled 143739.
(entry 16, # 1666)
Box 174-Estonia
Section of box on Estonia was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth further
study was found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents called up.
Box 317 -Latvia
Section of box on Latvia was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth
further study was found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents
called up.
Box 320-Lichtenstein
Section of box on Lichtenstein was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information
worth further study was found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional
documents called up.
Box 320-Lithuania
Section of box on Lithuania was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth
further study was found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents
called up.
'
Box 321-Lithuania
37435 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #274)
17705 - letter from YIVO, written in 1942, alerting US government about the capture of
Yiddish
35
�libra~ies
in Eastern Europe (microfilm M1499. #81)
Box 321-Luxembourg
140785- not useful (entry 16. #1630)
54016 - document misSing (State Dept. card) (entrY 16. #646)
Box 345-Norway
106955 - not useful (entry 16. #1203)
111094 - not useful (entry 16. #1253)
53003 - report mentions the fact that the Norwegian gold reserve was removed from
Norway by
the government in exile (entry 16. #631)
75254 - document is missing from box (entry 16. #893)
109848 - not useful (entry 16. #1239)
47857 - not useful (microfilm M1499. #357)
69398 - not useful (entry 16; #837)
Box 346-Norway
Box was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth further study was
found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents called up.
Box 347-Norway
126145 - not useful (entry 16, #1446)
22151 - document missing from reel #127; not useful, but can be found in entry 16. #170
29784 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #198)
39137 - not useful (microfilmM1499, #286) .
20922 - document missing from roll (M1499, #117) and from box (entry 16. #151)
36561 - not useful (microfilm M1499, #266)
135029 - not useful (entry 16, #1565)
134066 - not useful (entry 16, #1544)
Box 348-Norway
35444 • not useful (microfilm M1499, #254)
29116 - not useful (microfilm M1499. #192)
47968· document missing from roll (M1499. #357) and from box (entry 16. #565)
143699 - List of art dealers known to have engaged In trade with the enemy - copied
(entry 16. #1666)
47975":' not useful (microfilm M1499. #367)
Box 393-8weden
Box was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth further study was
found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents called up.
Box 394-Sweden
104056 - not useful (entry 16, #1176)
106686 ;.. report on German financial transactions with Portugal and Sweden (entry 16.
#1200)
106638 - not useful (entry 16, # 1200)
106289 ~ not useful (entry 16. #1196)
36
�109870 - not useful (entry 16, #1240)
125491 - report that neutral countries are no longer a safehaven for German loot
(entry 16, #1438)
Box 395-Swedlen
103419 - document missing from box (entry 16, #1170)
106290 - not useful (entry 16, #1196)
118202 - not useful (entry 16, #1349)
126900 - card and document have the same info (entry 16, #1454)
86347 - not us,ful (entry 16, #999)
114621 - not useful (entry 16, #1298)
c:§?-report#1080)
transfer of funds from neutral European countries to Argentina
on the
(entry 16,
95596 - not useful (entry 16. #1100)
109870 - not useful (entry 16, #1240)
Box 427 -Vatican City
. Box was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent information worth further study was
found. No cards were flagged. nor were any additional documents called up.
Box 428-Vatican City
52362 - document missing (entry 16. #624)
108338 - report about artworks and damage to them (entry 16, #1220)
Box 429.YugosDavia
6531 - Watch list of suspected firms and individuals thought to engage in smuggling
entry 16. #787)
1782 Plundering mentioned was done by the Ustashi, not the Germans or Italians
icrofilm M1499. #123)
Box 430-Yugoslavia
122920 - report on Yugoslavia mentioning art objects. Need to find out who Dr. C~rcin is.
who
was in charge of a villa containing artworks (entry 16, #1406)
134943 - not useful (entry 16, #1554)
139315 - not useful (entry 16, #1612)
60697 - not useful (entry 16, #736)
78285 - report on treatment of enemy property in Germany and occupied countries
(entry 16. #924)
.
80744 -.not useful (entry 16. #947)
114929 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #1307)
129968 - not useful (entry 16. #1497)
Box 431-Yugoslavia
37263- document has been microfilmed and is illegible (microfilm M1499. #273)
53462 - not useful (entry 16. #639)
54871- not useful (entry 16. #660)
37
�66578 - not useful (entry 16, #802)
103903 - not useful (entry 16, #1174)
104934 - not useful (entry 16, #1182)
111779 - portion of reports has been copied (8 reports In Gem1an, Jen selected a few
pages, that
.
need to be translated) (entry 16, #1265)
Box 432-Yugoslavia
55933 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #674)
55450 - document missing from box (entry 16, #667)
126758 - not useful (entry 16, #1453)
108443 - not useful (entry 16, #1221)
11400- not useful (microfilm M1499, #37)
18951- (not useful (microfilm M1499, #94)
60676 - not useful (entry 16, #736)
80130 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #941)
83462 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #975)
18191- document missing from the roll (microfilm M1499, #86)
45169- not useful (microfilm M1499, #333)
Box 433-Yugoslavia
49816 - document missing from roll (microfilm M1499, #380)
85419 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #990)
61138 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #741)
69692 - not useful (entry 16, #841)
100783 - not useful (entry 16, #1144)
70024 -document and card contain same info - no details about smuggling of gold
(entry 16, #841)
78233 -document missing (entry 16, #924)
121387 - C:iocument missing (entry 16, #1383)
105932 - document missing - transferred to State Dept. (entry 16, #1189)
Box 434-Yugoslavia
r~not useful (entry 16, #722)
~ troops took gold, and are
well fed - document details the looting of Yugoslav
gold by
the Yugoslav renegade troops (entry 21, #425)
Box 435-Yugoslavia
81856- not useful (entry 16, #958)
68338 - not useful (entry 16, #822)
76861 - list of Gem1an officials of the economic department executed or accused of
corruption and exploitation (entry 16, #910)
Box
436~Yugoslavia
.
Box was thoroughly reviewed, but no pertinent infom1ation worth further study was
found. No cards were flagged, nor were any additional documents called up.
RG226
38
�Entry 17
Boxes 20-21 - Austria and Axis
Records of the OSS
Research and Analysis Branch
Name and Subject Indexes to the "XL" and ilL" Series
-Boxes contain 500-600 index cards, which are abstracts of OSS reports. Most of the
abstracts are of articles irrelevant to our study (military operations, public opinion, roads,
POW interrogations, maps, weather reports, and supply inventories)
-Anything relating to gold/silver, art, and looting has been flagged and copied. Upon
ordering the original reports on which the abstracts were based, most of the information
was determined to be useless (abstract and report contained same info, abstract was
misleading, and/or original report was simply missing, due to loss or transfer)
-listing of document #, pertinent information, and where original can be found in RG 226
Box 20
XL 1401. - not useful (entry 19, #205)
XL 42869 - transferred to State Dept. (entry 19, #429)
XL 15591 - copied - report on Dr. Eduard von Nicolai, president ofthe bank that replaced
the
Rothschild Bank in Vienna (in German) (entry 19, #228)
L 57111 - not useful (entry 21, #450)
e
Box 21
not useful (entry 21, #436)
L 1066 - copied(w/ Jonathan) - report on US discovery of gold reserve from National
of
.
Hungary, along with many works of art. (entry 19, #146)
XL 12221 - copied - Report on Thomas de Pechy and his connections to Becher, the SS
leader
in Vienna (entry 19, #165)
XL 19025 - not useful (entry 19, #281)
XL 10350 - copied (w/ Jonathan) - report on Leopold Blumka (entry 19, #142)
XL 18647 - not useful (entry 19, #277)
XL 8172 - not useful (entry 19, #109)
L 57943 - not useful (entry 21, #433)
XL 20390 - not useful (entry 19, #295)
L 57206 - not useful (entry 21, #450)
L 50971- not useful (entry 21, #420)
XL 19649 - document missing (entry 19, #287)
XL 14011 - document missing (entry 19, #205)
XL 28035 - Who's who in liberated Austria - a list of office holders, politicians,
profeSSionals, and
businessmen, along with biographical details (150 pages long entry 19, #351) .
OB 26185 - Information on the area of the National Redoubt (entry 23, #192)
XL 6480 - copied (w/ Jonathan) - Fine Arts and Archives in Germany (entry 19, #113)
XL 8027 - The Alpine Reduit (entry 19, #106)
39
�XL 11525 - not useful (entry 19, #157)
XL 11152 - not useful (entry 19, #153)
XL 11223 - copied - interrogation report on the Devisen-Schutzkommando (entry 19,
#154)
XL 6422 - not useful (entry 19, #90)
XL 7334 ~ not useful (~ntry 19, #98)
XL 12621 -list of individuals in Spain with connections to Axis firms (entry 19, #169)
XL 8179,- not useful (entry 19, # 110)
XL 10211 - not useful (entry 19, #140)
XL 12549 - not useful (entry 19 #168A)
XL 12643 - copied - Safehaven translated text of Swedish Laws (entry 19, #169)
XL 11116 - not useful (entry 19, #153)
XL 13257 - not useful (entry 19, #186)
L 55132 - not useful (entry 21, #437)
XL 6218 - not useful (entry 19, #88)
XL 7257 - not useful (entry 19, #98)
XL 6049 - not useful (entry 19, #86)
XL 5964 - not useful (entry 19, #85)
I
XL 8791 - not useful (entry 19, #117)
XL 8977 - not useful (entry 19, #120)
XL 8931 - not useful (entry 19, #119)
XL 14565 - not useful (entry 19, #216)
XL 6978 - not useful (entry 19, #95)
XL 10782 - document and abstract the same .... Frenchman Jacques Perroy
XL 15751 - not useful (entry 19, #231)
XL 6601 - not useful (entry 19, #92)
XL 9907 - not useful (entry 19, #131)
XL 10094 - not useful (entry 19, #139)
RG238
National Archives Collection of WWII War Crimes Records
United States Counsel tOr the Prosecution of Axis Criminality
EnfTV 1
Box 209
PS·3946-3965
United states Evidence
3946 - PS
statement by Nedbal about Kaltenbrunner - contains info on Auschwitz,
,
atrocities
3947 PS 1 statement about acquiring/sale/utilization of looted gold and precious
iiaifii!fIi!~offlcial agencies in favor of the Reich (COPIED)
list of jewelry, gold, silver, and dental gold forwarded to the municipal
pawns op document affirms that the Reichsbank was the depository for jewelry and
,Pt~bles seized from concentration camp victims (COPIED)
~
conversion of notes, gold, silver, and jewelry in favor of the Reich Minister
of Finance (COPIED)
3950 - PS
personal file on a Dutch woman arrested and sentenced to six months in a
concentration camp for aiding Jews who had gone underground
,
,
-'~!!Iel.iItI,..and
40
�3951 - PS
Nuremberg statement of Albert T,homs (in German, French, English, and
Dutch?) (COPIED)
3952 PS
Nuremberg testimony of Walter Funk 10/19/45 (COPIED)
3953 - PS
Nuremberg testimony of Walter Funk 10/22145 (COPIED)
3954 - PS
statement by Wolf about the "Editor's Law" which prevented Jews from
engaging in Press activities .
9
additional statement by F. Rosensteil about the "Editor's Law"
956 - PS
affidavit swearing to the authenticity of a movie showing the presence of
, rings, and gofd teeth of concentration camp victims sitting in the Reichsbank
vault in Frankfurt AIM (COPIED)
3957 - PS
newspaper article, in German, about labor, mobilization of war effort,
salaries, production, and the "four year plan"
3958 - PS
documents concerning the expenditures made on behalf of the Reich
minister Von Neurath in his capacity as president of the secret cabinet council
3959 - PS
"top secret" record of the 28111 conference of the Central Planning Board in
the Reich Ministry of Armaments and Ammunitions, about metals like lead
3960 - PS
transcript of the 22Rd Central Planning Committee meeting about labor
issues
3961 - PS
transcript of the 16111 Central Planning Committee meeting about coal
3962 - PS
transcript of the 52 Rd Central Planning Committee meeting about
transportation issues
3963 - PS
conference notes from a meeting about armament production
conference attendees included Speer and Hitler, as well as others
3964 - PS
speech by Albert Speer about distribution of armament plants from the
Ruhr to other parts of Germany, and the speedy repair of air raid damage
3965 - PS
speech by Albert Speer at Reichlin about the Ministry of Armament
production.
a
41
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�Federal Reserve Bank New York
Box 1 Binders 1-3
Box 2 Binders 4-6
R- G- R2
Federal Reserye Bank New York - Nazi Assets
The documents contained in the Federal Reserve Bank New York reference materials
focus on the activities of the neutral countries's gold deposit accounts between 1933 and 1982.
Also included is a folder labelled "NYFRB Tripartite Gold Commission" containing the inventory
of gold bullion and the record of deposits and withdrawals of the Tripartite Gold Commission
gold pool through 1997.
By 1938, the FRBNY was steadily compiling information about European central bank
activities both in the US and abroad. The Bank ofInternational Settlements in Basle, Switzerland,
functioned as a brokering agent for its central banks shareholders (see Section 1). The BIS was
active in promoting the interests of its European shareholders. Several attempts to enhance the
accounts of German and neutral country depositors through dollar accounts or credit lines failed
to entice FRB official into compliance.(see Section 2) ...'J:Ae8@ ~l'osa:Is are iHustrated 6efiYW".
Some documents refer to changes in FRB banking procedures or policy. The Department of the
Treasury and the Department of State issued directives that impacted the policy ofthe FRB.(see
Section 3) The decision to accept looted gold at the FRB is an example of such a policy.(see
Section 4) Two instances, discussed below, that released looted gold bullion into circulation
during the post-war period were ultimately decided at levels above the executive level ofthe FRB.
Section 1:
Reports on Bank ofInternational Settlements:
Box IlBinder 1:
1. 10/13/39 (280-293) O. Ernest Moore (International Research Division)
"Memo on Liquidity and Solvency ofthe BIS" Discusses the BIS conditions concurrent
with those created by the war.
.
I
2. 12/9/42 (223-228) Status ofBIS ownership and subscription of shares and assets.
Includes lists of all shareholder central banks with percentages of vestment and shares owned.
3. 5/18/44 (181-190) Current status ofBIS. Memo by O.Ernest Moore.
4. 9/11144 (172-175) Memo: Status of BIS share holder control.
5.6/11147 (61-115) "The Bank ofIntemational Settlements: Wartime Activities and
Present Position (revised from earlier report). M.A. Kriz (Foreign Research Division)
�Box 2IBinder 5:
6. 11115/39 (2030-2036) Swiss Bank Corporation ~ A brief survey of the Swiss banking
industry with total deposits and transfers.
7.2/24/42-2/27/42 (1940-2003) Securities'registered with the Banque Nationale Suisse
held on account at the FRBNY and other NY banks.
Section 2:
Documents discussing BIS proposals to circumvent Executive Orders blocking foreign aSsets:
Box 1IBinder 1:,
1. 4/13/38 -4/15/38 (312-314)
An example ofunusual activity being observed by FRB officials was a 1938 proposal
made to the FRB by the Bank ofInternational Settlements as agent'for the Reichbank. The BIS
presented a plan to establish a reciprocal credit line ofReichmarks in the FRB and at the
Reichbank for US exporters in Germany. The paper money would be in Germany and used as a
transaction credit against the credit line to purchase gold in the FRB. The FRB officials took note
ofthis "quasi-clearing scheme and organization of commercial credit." The main point of this
exercise was to begin a process of remov.ing gold from US control. The interesting twist here
was the complete avoidance ofUS currency. The FRB decided not to alarm the BIS by asking too
many question and let the State Department handle this potential conflict with comercial policy.
2. 3/24/39 (301-302) The Federal Reserve states an internal decision not to make
advances to Switzerland in excess of $20,000,000 for secured gold.
,
,
3.8/2/40 (256-257) The 'Federal Reserve declines the proposal by the BIS to open a
special account maintaining an equal total of dollar balances of all nationals of all countries
named in Executive Order. They determine that this would be ofgreat interest to the German
depositors. The FRB decides such comfort can not be granted to these account holders
4.4/22/41 (1153) The Banque Nationale Suisse began a practice ofkeeping about 80% of
its foreign deposits within its head office account. This made acquiring information about the true
nature of deposits unavailable to the Treasury Dept.
5.5/2/41-6/19/42 (234-247) Memo on transfer of dollar funds from the BIS to Banque de
France. The possible outcome of these transfer would be removing assets from US control if
dollars are shipped out ofcountry.
Binder 2IBinder 4:
6.
(1722) Leland Harrison, US Minister to Switzerland places $20 million of
Rumanian gold into a custodial account in his name. State Dept. objects to the use of custodial
account gold as collateral for Rumanian loans.
2
�Section 3:
,
Policy directives from Treasury and State Department affecting the Federal Reserve:
1. 12/5/39 (
) President Roosevelt permits the Federal Reserve to purchase gold for
delivery abroad. The policy ofthe FRB was hold such purchases in the US. Thj~ was a special
case whereby Sweden was allowed to use dollars (on credit) to buy Finni~h gold for transfer to
Norway. The Swedes eventually decided to sell their gold on deposit to the US Assay office and
buy Finnish gold direct with the dollars and have the Finnish gold delivered to Stockholm.
Section 4:
.
Recirculation of formerly "looted gold" 4lto the global gold market
Box IlBinder 1:
1. 12/5/39-8/31149 (678-739) Sweden Sveriges Riksbank President Rooth notifies the
. FRBNY t~at it has identified gold believed to be looted Belgian gold. ~¢lara!j~l~ state.: I
\"'sllchJ:r~ing..o looted old no Ion er
. Orily Portugese gold will be mvestIgate by the .
Treasury Dept.
.'
..
.
~
Box 6IBinder 6:
2. 10/10/46-7/11149 (2401-2402) Sveriges Riksbank mails 32 lists coyering gold looted by
. Germany from France which is Belgian gold. Treasury policy states tracking orily applies to
Portugal
Box IlBinderl:
3.6/8/47-10/4/57 (661-667) In 1947 Spain shipped $31 million ofgold bullion to the'
FRB. 190 bars were identified as part ofthe loot which was melted by'the Germans and reissued
as "1937" Prussian Mint ingots. 5.bars had Russian Moscow Mint stamps. The gold went to a
melt for conversion and were transferred to an account at City National Bank to wait for the
Treasury to grant a license to transfer ownership to the Spanish Foreign Exchange Institute.
In May 1957 City Bank and the SFEI used the gold as collateral for a loan pursuant to
license from Treasury. The gold for this loan was declared "cleap:" However, Treasury refused
purchase of 5 gold bars from the Moscow Mint included in the shipment. The Spanish Bank was
asked to. inform future transferees receiving these bars about their origins to avoid future
embarrassment.
4.9/16/46 (847-848) The Treasury and State Departments requested the FRB, in its
capacity as a "bank" to ask the Banque Nationale Suisse to provide the bar numbers ofthe $88
million in gold at the Reichbank that was Belgium gold, since the Swiss admitted they had held it.
The FRB decided it did not have an appropriate basis to approach the Swiss if it could not do so
as a "fiscal agent." At the time 'the Banque Nationale Suisse had 760 million in gold at the FRB ..
Bernstein ofthe International Finance Division tells the FRB not to continue to persue this matter
urtless the British and French make s4nilar requests.
3
�Federal Reserve Bank (non record reference materials)
2 FRC boxes containing 3 binders in each box
Location: Room 2000 compartment 11
X-reference: Holocaust Assets pgs. 1115-1118
Federal Reserve Bank - NY Related to Nazi Assets:
Box 1 Binders #1. pgs. 1-447
#2. pgs. 448-739
#3. pgs. 740-1156;2414-2423~ 1151-116.6 (non consecutive s~gments)
Folder: Index to FRBNV Documents to Nazi Assets (duplicate Index in Box 2)
.
for Boxes land 2: Binders 1 through 6
Table of "Summary of gold transaction ledgers for 1932-1936 and 1940-1941 for
Argentina, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, BIS"
Box 2 Binders #4. pgs.J 167-1759
#5. pgs. 1760-2085
#6. pgs.. 2086-2413
Folder: NY FRB Tripartite Gold. Commission
Attachment A: Summary of all current holdings
Attachment B: B<)f-by-bar activity from the .116167 inspection
AttachmentC: Report on all actrivity since'1947
Attachment D: 1952 Deposits to TPGC account: variety of bars, their origins,
miscellaneous coins, bars of unknown origin, paper currency
Whic~%Cked
Note: "eannark" The.FRB id!ontifies a specifie d<aJOsitor's.gold inventory
.
on a moveable pallet. The pallets are phYSICally moved from one locatlon or another reserved for
specific accounts in the FRB vaults·as transactions occur. Simultaneously the transaction is
registered in the account..
Box 1: Binders 1-3:
Binder 1 - BIS(I-447)
Item: 5/22/48 (40-43)transfers according to -agreements. between Treas and BIS 'permitting certain
items to be transferred into BIS blocked accounts held in 3 sub-accounts: dollar ac~ounts; gold
held under earmark; and'settlements for trustees for mtn'IIoans (this can only be done with
permission ofSecofT~eas.)
....
.
~
Item: 10/9/47 (56) Cable BIS to Brd ofGovs. FRBNYC transfer gold from Berne, London &
NYC into acct to make part payment of gold due the Banque de France.
�REPORT:
Item: 6/11/47 (61-115) "The Bank for International Settlements - Wartime Activities and Present
Position (revised) Prepared by the FRB-NY Foreign Research Division, by M.A. Kriz 6/11147
Item 4/4/47: (124-125) Memo gold licenses to initiate any activity in the BIS earmark gold
accounts must be authorized by the Secy of the Treas.
Item: 4/14/47-2/28/47 License to hold gold for BIS in FRBNY. Needs Secy of Treas to generate
ANY activity. License would permit all other "earmarked" foreign accts to transfer between each
other and allow for other transactions.
.
Item 2/28/47-( 126-131) memo and attachment of present compostion of the BID of BIS and
subscription and ownership of its capital.
***Item 2114/47(133) - BIS allowed to open new free dollar accounts; while existing accts
remain blocked.
Item: 2/6/47 (134-135) resumption ofBIS BID meetings.
***Item: 118/47 (136-137)
. US Consul General in Basle notes USSR has interest in BIS future as it claims gold from
Estonia Latvia, Lituania were held as shares in the BIS. Seems that claims against BIS by nations
including,USSR "seem to have vanished."
Part of report is included: Attitude toward McKettrick and Germ. wartime BIS Governnor
Hechler was favorable. USSR officially always showed interest in Bank activities and willingness
to accept Statements. State wants to get USSR behind the World Bank and a reorganized BIS.
Item 5/23/46-11122/46 (141-158) Documents on matter of possible BIS liquidation
***Item: 5/18/44 (181-190) current status ofBIS by O. Ernest Moore - Research Division
***Item: 9/11/44 - 3/6/45 (168-172) BIS Italian portfolio - Accepting tainted money ($3 mill) for
Italy
,
***Item: 9/11/44 (172-175) Status ofBIS share holder control
REPORT
Item: 5/18/44 (181-190) O. Ernest Moore's memo re "Current Status of the BIS"
***Item: 12/9/42 (223-228) status ofBIS Ownership and subscription of shares and assets
***Item: 10/13/39 (280-293) O. Ernest Moore memo liquidity and solvency of the BIS
discusses the Bank's conditions concurrent with those created by the W;ll'.
2
�***Item: 5/1/41-6/19/42 (234-247) Memo on transfer of dollar funds from the BIS to Banque de
France., The possible outcome ofthese transfers would be removing assets from US control be
'
shipping out ofthe country.
***Item: 8/2/40 (256-257) IfFRB opens a special account the Treasury would not have access
to transactional information for German accounts even though the EX Order does not concern
itself with that. FRB can't really find conviction to believe the BIS.
**Item: 3/24/39 -(301-302) Treasury's discriminatory attitude to the BIS. FRB decides on policy'
not to advance in excess of$20 mill to BIS for secured gold. Were there more caps on advances?
Items: 6/7/38-7127/38 (310-311)- gold shipped to FRB by France & Belgium as agents for the
BIS
***Items: 4/13-15/38 (312-[311-312]-314) Note and memo on BIS reciprocal credits iIi Int.
Trade: Reichmark credit line established by BIS for US exporters; open FRB account at
Reichbank. Paper to German for collection. FRB takes note that this "quasi-clearing scheme and
that this organization ofcommercial credit" needs to be further questioned. The FRB does not
wish to show too much interest to raise BIS hopes.. .let State deal witli what may be a conflict
with commercial policy.
Binder 2:
Gold activity within each country's accounts at the Fed Reserve Bank- NY
Gold activity wIth each country's central bank pre & post war
Sections for:
'
,Argentina; Belgium; Bolivia; Bank of Canada;
Czechoslovakia; England; Germany;, Morocco; Bank d'Italia;
Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Rumania; So. Africa; Spain;
'Sweden - Svierges Riksbanks
Binder 2:
ArgentinalPolandlBelgiuni (448-500)
1. 10/21147: (448-450) Rozell (FRB) to files: Argentina reque~ts release and sale of$20
mill of gold for their account. McNeill at Treasury will check withState; dispatch sent to AEmb in
BA. State Oks the $20 mill. $150 Mil also being shipped from BA; also earmarked gold in FRB
held for BA. Dpt wants bar' number, etc. on gold acquired from Switzrland. BA Banco Cent
given oral assurance that gold did not come out ofthe RB depot at the Swiss Nat Bank .
,
See x-ref: . pp 147-149 Eizenstat
See also: Box 2IBinder 6 pps. Section "Argentina" pps.2187-2191; 2193-2194;
2206-2207;2209-2231;2234
2. 11123/42: (479) French ship the Polish & Belg gold held at Banque de France out of
country to Dakar and then to Marseilles ~or safekeeping. Gold eventually given to Germans in
Germany or Belgium
3
�11129/41-2/10/42 (484-500) -removal ofBelgian gold.from the Banque de France letter
from Banque de France to FRB-NY $260 mill Belgium shiped to Bordeaux to be picked up by a
Brit cruiser to bring back to England. French refuse and put onto vessel bound to Dakar.
pressure on France ... they ship back to Marseilles for Germans to receive gold.
11129/41.: pg. 2 over question of repayment ofloss in American law suit brought against
France by Belgium
11126/41: JF Dulles (Sullivan & Cornwell, Attys) to Bernstein Asst. GC Treas.. French
offer proposal for settlement
5/23/41: Bernstein to files: French assets in the FRB-NYused for payment of French
obligations raises questions oflegality of attaching this property.
4111141: (?) to Morganthau: sum Belgians claim is not only money from the France
Dakar transfer but money held in Bank de France for transactions in Belgian francs carried out
.
through the Bank de France. No total for both
2110/41: Banque de France to FRBNY - statement about missing gold from ClermontFerrand.
1120/41: Moore to Knoke: Gold Holdings ofthe Belgian National Bank as of
September 30, 1940 -Total: US 167; Dakar 233; Brit Emprire or unaccounted for 333 = $733 mill
****12/5139 - 8/31149 (678-739):
7/11/49 Pricher FRB to files: Sweden: Gold in the Sveriges Riksbank to TPGC;
identification of gold which is believed to have been looted from Belgium. FRB no longer wishes
to track individual bars. Under Declaration of 1944 such tracking currently applies only to
Portugal. Details re Portuguese gold referred to Treasury for further investigation.
See: See Box 2IBinder 6: 7/11/49 (2401-2404) for entire correspondence with the
photostat copies ofthe register tapes ofthe gold bars.
***[out of sequence increment added: 2431-2439]
10/18/40 395 gold bars released from the Gold Account on 9/30140
4/12139 Rooth, Pres ofSveriges Riksbank to GeoHarrison, Pres ofFRB note that the Swedish
gold holding is increasing from gold purchases made in London.. Gold held in US os $84 million
compared to $79.2 in Dec. Says the political situation is "grave" and they will continue to follow
the policy of last few months and increase dollar assets.
***12/5/39 Knoke to Files: Change in standard policy: US does not normally purchase gold for
delivery abroad. Secy ofTreasury will allow Sweden to use dollars here to buy Finnish gold ifthe
Swedes pay for the shipping from Finland to Sweden to Norway to New York; earmark their
NYC accounts for the equal amount and get Norway to grant safe conduct. Pres. Roosevelt
approves ofplan.
Swedes decide to sell their FRBNY gold to assay office and give to Finland and deliver to
Stockholm and make immediate payment for it in dollars.
****See Box 2IBinder 6: 7111/49 (2401-2404)
Items:(542-677) Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Morocco (Dakar),
Poland, Rumania, Russia & Spain
Information re movement of gold in FRB earmarked gold accounts and throughout Europe during
4
�wartime, resititution issues, looted gold bars in Spain, gold transferred into FRB
*** Item: 6/8/47-10/4/57 (661-667) Russian Gold Bars
(from Spain)
10/4/57 - Norman Davis to File: 1951 Spain ships $31 million to FRB in gold bullion. Some gold
identified as part of loot which was melted down by German and reissued as 1937 Prussian Mint
Bars. 5 bars had Russian Mint Moscow stamps. Bars went to melt for conversion and transferred
into acct at National City Bank to wait for Treasury license to transfer ownership to Spanish
Foreign Exchange Institute.
In May 1957 City Bank and SFE use gold as collateral for a loan pursuant to license from
Treasurer. The gold for this loan finally declared "clean." However, the only new information
about this monetary gold was the not that the 5 gold bars from the Russian Moscow Mint were
turned down for purchase by the Treasury. The Spanish bank was informed why to avoid
embarrassment at a later date resulting from the receipt of these bars by other uninformed
transferees
Box 2
Binders: 4-6:
Folder: Duplicate ofIndex
Folder: NY Fed Reserv Bank - Tripartitie gold Commission'
Item: 1114/97 (2440 -2455)
Attachment A: Inspection ofTGC gold bars inspection on 116/97
Note: 19 bars from Kungel mint; 8 Rothschild; 48 out of 131 Rand bars bear marking of
the Kungel mint from the 1930's. Question about Kungel fineness and who added add'} dates due
to lack ofmanifests.
Attachment B:
Chronology of deposits 1949 thru 1955
Inventory of idividu~l bars
Attachment C:
Account Activity 1947-1982 deposits and withdrawals
Attachment D:
Statement itemizing various gold bars, coins and misc.·pieces of gold "earmarked" for
account TPGC for the restitution of monetary gold on Feb. 26, 1952.
BINDER 3:
5
�Switzerland - Banque Nationale Suisse
Credit Suisse
Government
Swiss Bank Corp
Miscellaneous
USSR
Yugoslavia
740-1119
1120-1122
1123-1143
1144-1154
1155
1156
1157-1166; 2414-2423
Item: 7/25/46-7/16/40 (1129-2414) Foreign research division reports on Swiss gold activity and
movements of gold during wartime years. Informative reports.
REPORT
Item: 7/25/46 (1129-1136) Simons for Research Div to Knoke "Swiss Alllied Agreement on
German Assets" movements oflooted gold into Switzerland; discussion of Swiss legal
positioning; final compromise and commentary.
***Item 6/3/40 -4/22/41 (1137-1153) Rozell to Knoke - early internal memo(with attachments)
and later correspondence discussing the circumvention of US laws by Swiss banks, depositors and
offices in the United States; also the movement of gold imports into the US. The observation is
made that the
1. Purchases of Russian gold by Swiss banks noted in the Swiss weekly reports is not
matched with a corresponding rise in Russian deposits.
2. Imports of gold to Switzerland from Germany are exceeding exports to Germany
3. 17 ton shipment ofgold to Russian after the invasion of Poland - sent via
Germany to Netherlands and Switzerland to be used for Russian purchases in other countries.
4. Shipment of gold to US from Italy first 114 of 1940 $20 Mill in US $7 mil in Italy.
May reflect traffic to make profit between price of gold pieces and ingots and Swiss payments in
gold for raw materials sold for the Swiss Army
***Item: 4/22/41 (1153) - Rozell to Knoke - head office account hplds 80% ofall foreign
depoits. Impossible to tell what activity is actually for third countries, i.e. Axis and their allies.
Item: (2414-1166) Yugoslavia: movements of gold late 1930's thru post war.
Item: 6/29/45 (861- ) Humanitarian payments by Swiss and issue ofcommission deduction
****9/16/46 (847-848) FRB memo re: should FRB approach Banque Nationale Suisse and ask
them to furnish the bar number ofthe $88 million in gold found at the RB that was Belgium gold.
The Swiss admitted they held it. No information was acquired about the bars by either Seymour
Rubin, Dpty Dir of Off of Ecomonic Security Policy and Orvis Schmidt, Dir. OfForeign Funds
Control ofTreasury Dpt. FRB decides no appropriate basis to approach Swiss Nat Bank as a
bank and not as a fiscal agent. At that time Swiss had 760 million in gold in custody with the
FRB. Bernstein tells FRB they'll not persue this unless the British and the French make similar
requests.
6
�Item: 7/5/46 (849-851) Swiss earmarked gold transactions in FRB
***Item: 4/9/46-9/14/48 (771-856) Banque Nationale Suisse acitivities during the war regarding
the possessionoflootd Belgium gold with reports, memo, letters
REPORT:
***Item: 5/8/47 (779-788) Special Report to Ex. Committee of the FRB NY" by Walter S.
Logan, 5/8/47 Swiss Nat Bank tranfer intoaccount "AX" held as blocked by the FRB as non
certifiable assets that had German and Japanese interests. They did not inform the FRB they did
this. This exposed the FRB to possible litigation the owners of these assets .. FRB is perplexed
that Treasury assumed that they or any bank: would assume this was an possible with only
instructions by the Swiss and no iconcern on the part ofthe receiving bank. In other times this
might be feasible. Such conditions now open banksto liability. NY commercial banks having
made the transfers to the FRB are out of the line of fire since they no longer hold the property and
therefore the FRB gets sued. Similar situation may develop regarding the Swedish non-certifiable
assets which are currently held in NY banks. Some decision needs to be made.
Other issue is about 2 RB frozen accounts held at the FRBNY were attached since they
were subjects in lawsuits. No court order existed authorizing the turn over of this account to the
Alien property custodian. Position demands that they remain neutral until a court can exculpate
them from any creditors or payment of interest.
***Item: 1115/47 (811), Swiss Nat Bank to FRB claim that numbers of bars ofBelgian origin
were included in detail list of 12/6/46 re all bars'received from RB for deposit during war. Copy
of statement sent to American legation in Berne. (????)
Item: 4/9-15/46 (852-856) Knoke to file; Knoke to Sproul memo re: determination of amount of
looted gold in Swiss Nat Bank; amount to be handed over by Allies ... negotiations to settle all
gold claims.
.
,
Binder 4
Alien Property Custodian File 1167- 1202
Emergency Gold File: 1203-1213
Foreign Exhcange File: 1214-1226
Foreign Exchange Control File: 1227-1278
ForeignPolicy & Procedures File: 127<)-1301
Foreign Exchange Purchase and Sale File: 1302-1644
Gold File: 1645-1671
International Monetary Fund File: 1672-1704
Research Memoranda File: 1705-1759
Items: (1167-1200) 5/41-6/48
Property held in FRB-NY for BIS in which govts of Germany, Japan, Hungary, Rumania, Estonia
& Yugoslavia had an interest - June 23, 1948 Held in a special blocked account with releases
from time to time.
7
�Item: lO/23/43 (1222-1224) Increase in Gold holdings at Swiss Nat'l Bank (telegram service:
Berlin Business Exchange News)
Item: (1301) 6/16/41 Memo Knoke to FRB Files - FRB returns securities held in Swiss National
Bank's acct. that were owned by Price ofLichtenstein. FRB decides to hold gov't owned
securities in Swiss Nat Bank accts but return non-govt owned securities to their actual owners.
Item: (1645-1671)4/30/58- 8/19/38 Movement of gold into US 1938-1958
Kinderberger to Sproul "American Gold Policy in the Event of European War"
(see domestic securities owned by foreigners -pgs. 1662-1671)
Item: (pgs. 1672-1704) lO/7/48-11112/48 Earmarked Yugoslavian gold (1703)
Item: (pgs 1705-1707) 2/28/47 - BIS $lO.3 million in gold ingots in their name at FRB-NY
BIS internal gold policy: depositors give up title to bars - bars become BIS asset. Depositors get
back similar gold in weight and fineness (impossible to count the gold as part of monetary reserve
of the country it's from) gold available for distribution to all depositors.
FRBmemo on meeting to institute a gold bar pool without earmarked
See: BoxIBinder 6 pp.
gold. Less space, less manpower, less money to manage and administer.
*****Item: (pgs 1714-1759) /13/38-5/12/47: Gold Movements
Rumanian Gold (pg. 1722) "TranSfer ofTainted Rumanian Gold to Switzerland"
$20 million held in a custodial account in name of Leland Harrison USA Minister to Switzerland.
State and Treasury feel 33.7 million ofBelgian gold is held by Rumanians
And
additional 11.0 million in gold may also prove to be looted. US objects to use ofthe custodial
account gold as collateral for such loans needed by the Rumanian govt. Until god in the amount
of stipulated restitution is deposited.
France wants obligatory deposit increased to $22 million
Gold held in the Swiss Nat Bank in Bern
See x-ref:
check:
Leland Harrison in Eizenstat pgs. 4, 34, 64, 190 (no mention of custodian account)
US Mission to Bucharest E3147 RG84 84/350/67/20/07
Bern Legation - Treas/L. HarrisonlFFC/ etc.
Items:
10/31/45 (1728-1735) Austria current gold, monetary situation
3/2/45 (1736-1738) Gold taken by Germans from Bank d'Italia vaults - Italian gold & BIS
4/8/44 (1739-1745) BIS Anual Rpt Chapter 3 Production and Movement of Gold - variety of
European and S. American Countries
8/11144 (1746-1749) Swiss gold transactions
6/1 0/40 (1750-1751) Gold and American assets held by Italy & Certain Balkan countries
5/10/49 (1753-1754) Gold Holdings - Belgium & Netherlands
3/18/38 (1756-1757) Austrian asset absorption into Reichbank returns
3/13/38 (1758-1759) Austrian & German Monetary Reserves
8
�Binder 5
Legal Dept. 1760-1974
Bank Supervision 1675-2085
Item: 3/17/50 (1764-1765) Clai.ms to Gold Law Suits brought against gold in Bank of England
Dollfus & Co v. BOE .
Item: 12127/46 (1792) Belgian gold bars from Reischbank and gold identified as Swedish
Re: SNB cable 12 on 11127/99 contained a list of Belgian bars held by RB.
Item: 112/47 (1800) Spain - gold taken from their acct. In Banque du Nord during Paris
occupation was gold that was at that time disputed within a lawsuit.
Item:10110~14/46:
(1816-1817) Sweden receiving representatives from Banque de France Re:
looted gold bars to be returned; Sweden's german gold bars - determination needed as to actual
origin.
Item: 6/23/43 (1931) Banco Commerciale d'Italiana Sede DeItrieste toH. VonBoschan in Cuba
(thru Switzerland & Portugal) to transfer funds to a safe place due to war --- 40% service fee.
Item: 4/21143-5/19/43 (1936-1939) Frozen Reichbank accounts of indiv. German aliens interned
at Sulphur Spgs, W. Va.
***Item: 2/24-27/42 (1940-2003) Securities registered with Swiss Nat bank at the FRB-NY and
other banks
***Item: 4/17/40 (2002-2003) Balance sheets of Swiss Bank Corp dated 12/31139 Opens a
NYC agency office
10/16/39
.
Item: 11115/39 (2030-2036) Swiss Bank Corp. & a brief survey of Swiss Bankfug industry with
total deposits and transfers.
9
�Binder 6
Bank for Int'l Settlements 2086-2152
Argentina 2153-22411
Chile 2242-2246
Germany 2247-2274
Netherlands 2275-2291
Portugal 2292-2298
Sweden 2299-2305
Switzerland 2306-2326
Uruquay 2327-2332
Terms and Conditions - Revision Part I - 1936-1949 File 2333-2340
Gold Reserve Act of 1934· 2341-2344
Gold Pool - General File 2345-2378
Gold Pool - Part II File 2379-2384
Gold Pool - Part I File 2385-2395
Gold Account - Earmarking & Custody - Part I 1928-1952 File 2396-2400
Gold Regulations - Licenses Authority to Operate Part 11933-1949 File 2401-2404
Gold File: Miscellaneous Memoranda Part I 2405-2411
Gold Account Stabilization Fund 2412- 2413
Item: 10/21151(2088-2089) Handing ofgold bars in FRB-NY compared to Bank of England
Item: 10/22/51 (2090-2092 ) Bank ofEstonia earmarked gold
Item: 5/29151 (2093-2094) BIS gold bar acct. transfer to belgian accts. Transfer requests more
frequently coming from BIS to transfer gold in FRB vaults. Being done in smaller lots
administrative nuisance.
See: Box 2IBinder 6 pgs 2088-2089; 2345-2370; 2388; 2325 Institution of a gold bar
pool to elim,inate administrative difficulties and expenses employing the "earmarking system"
2395;·
.
Item: 611150
(2095-2~99)
Estonia ''blocked account"
Item: 8/4/49 (2104) BIS to FRBNY request to complete a questionnaire to update BIS on
conditions governing gold operations
Item: 5/13/48-5/22/48 (2117-2124) Segregation ofproperty ofBIS still remaining in blocked
accounts. The accounts are listed
Item: 4/19/48 (2125-2146) Treasury position re gold transaction ofBIS 1934-48wl Appendix on
German & Japanese control; footnotes included.
Item 6/8142 (2146-2147) Gold accts for other countries held by BIS
10
�Item 9/20/40 (2148-2149) Payments from BIS accounts licensed by Treasury
Item 5/26/47-6/25/47 (2154-2159) Gold purchases of Argentina
Item: 2/17/45-3/1145 (2187-2191) Argentine Banco Central de la Rep. Argentina held at New
Orleans (mentions Mr. Bernstein's opinion on matter)
Item: 1126/45 (2193-2194) Ban on shipments from Argentina
Item: 8/16/44 (2207-2208) Prevention on export of Argentine gold out of US
Item: 6/17/43-8/8/44 (2209-2231; 2234) File on the State Dpt & Treas. position on the
prevention of gold shipments. Opinions from Bernstein, Orvis Schmidt, Hull
Item: 1942-1959 (2247-2274) - FRB handling of Prussian Mint gold bars: includes itemized lists
identifying origins with remarks; sales to Treasury; claims by individuals;
Spanish bank's Prussian bars brought here as loan collateral & City National Bank inventory of
the bars; 1941 RB accounts
Item: 9/5/45 (2326) US gold coins demonetized converted to gold bars. Sale not possible to
Nationale Suisse ($2in-$4m request)
***Item: 8/9/46-10/1046 (23~1-2344) ill $88rnill of gold bars held Swiss Nat Bank no longer
considered "looted" please supply FRB with #'s so they are not mistaken for designated "looted"
gold. Same letter mentioned as sent to the Swedish Riksbank; memo from To FRB short
explanation ofthe reparation committees and Swedish reparation/restitution plans.
See: Box IlBinder 3 1115/47 (811)
Item: 4117/53 (2345-2370) Note on meeting held 6/24/53 FRB Brd of Governors with reference
to a proposed gold bar pool at the FRB. Set up holding pool instead of earmarking specific bars
for correspondents. Problems with space and manpower shortage; prompter service, less
expense
Bank ofEngland established a pool like this in 1940. Foreign banks not enthusiastic
about the proposal. Many felt the BOE pool was not meticulous in its initial set up or
administration. Foreign banks not comfortable with loosing the option and control of specific
earmarking
Leland Howard at meeting.
Item 8/18/48-8/19/48 (2371-2378) Memo Bank ofEngland Method of holding gold in custody of
foreign accounts
***Item: 4/19/53 (2379-2384) Gold pool proposal; looted gold; see p. 2384 US Mint have not
been formally authorized by State or Treasury to disregard 1944 declarations i.e., settled
accounts with Switzerland and Spain and retrieving looted gold from Portugal
Item: 3/38/49(2387) two shipments ofFRB Prussian bars sent to Holland
11
�~
,
.
"'"
Item: 8/18-19/48 (2388-2395) Bank of England method of handling gold in custody for foreign
accounts
****Item: 7/11/49-10/10/462401-2404 Looted Gold: Sweden's Riksb3nk has 32 lists covering
the gold looted by Germany from France that is Belgian gold. US decides to files lists but
declines to check all imported gold against list since this NOW applies onlynto gold from
Portugal.
.
****See: Box 1/ Binder 2: 12/5/39-8/31/49 (678-739)
Item: 3/26/47- (2405-2413) Argentine gold account actiivities to 12/29/43-3/26/47
12·
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�RG 56
US Dept of the Treasury
Entry 282A US Mint Records of Annual Assay Commission Meetings .
1914-1980
56/450/67/01102-05
Boxes 1-20
7/8/99
Entry 282B
US Mint - Precendent Files
Boxes 21-22
56/450/f}7/0ll06
718/99
Entry 352A
Gold Subject Files
56/450/60/16/06
Boxes 1-40
717-8/99 N/a Boxes 1, lA, 2A-22; 25-35;37,38
Ok Box 2; 23, 24, 36, 36A, 39
Box 2: Report"Foreign Gold in Foreign Vaults ofthe FRB" 1929-1951
Item # 56 on Tab of Contents: itemization of different accounts totalling $14 bill in
May 1951:
Box 23: gold activity in accts held for foreign govts 1942-43
Folder: DA8 Acqusition & Release of Gold, etc.... "
Box 24: 1946: handling of gold coin by us mint for treasury's custody account
Folder: " gold certificates"
Box 36: information on persons entering the country wI undeclared gold; items s~u.:~d and held by
mint (seized by customs) 1938-1940
.
Folder: IDF for Legal Memoranda or Other Maaterials Concerning suites fines, penaltie~e.~c .. "
Box 36A: Seizur of Gold coins from foreign nationals entering US from Mexico
Folder: "Importation of Gold Coin, Medals and Medallions 1934-1951, etc. "
Box 39: information on companieS using gold for other than legal purposes
Folder: Exportation of semi-processed gold, etc ... " .
~*",,"--..--,----
�Record Group 104 US Mint
Box 1
Entry 328U: General Files on silver and precious metals -
Wi
2
Folder #1: "Gold & Silver, etc. - Inventory make for officials of the Bureauof the Mint in
Frankfurt, Germany (Looted Gold & Silver)"
There are two significant groups of documents in this file:
The first group ofdocuments contains two letters generated by Leland Howard, Assistant
Director of the US Mint to Orvis Schmidt, Director of the Divisidn ofIntemational Finance; and
Leland Howard to Robert J. Schwartz, Off. ofIntemational Fmarice. These letters present
Howard's reasons why the US Mint did not desire to assay the Ptussian gold bars at the Foreign
I
Exchange Depository at Frankfurt. Howard first wrote to Schmidt (7/29/47), but repeated his
position on the issue in redacted ~orm in his letter to Schwartz (8VI5/47).
Briefly, Howard's opinion was that the bars's fineness or leliverability (its value as
accepted by the Bank ofEngland) were questionable. He believetl such issues of veracity lay in
the falsified dates stamped onto the bars by the Germans when thby present the·bars to the Swiss
as pre-war gold. Howard opines that the Germans would not attbmpt to fool the Swiss on
quality, nor would they attempt to fool the US since capture by iArued forces was not
anticipated. Howard also had serious reservations about the ability of US armed forces to
perform a chip or core sample assay. Additionally, since the bar .Jreight would be reduced, new
measurements and scheduling would required. Howard emphatidally stated this exacting
operation required a degree ofexpertness found at the Bank ofEhgland or the Banque de France.
Howard stated are-assay W3$ most acceptable if done by those two banks. He also pointed out
what would be the considerable expense and trouble to ship the ~ars to the US Mint. These costs
should be deducted from the TGC gold pool. And lastly .... the US Mint does accept mutilated
I
bars without an assay and remelt into US Assay ingots. The result would be that the indentifying
marks would be lost forever.
The second group of letters from US Mint employees were written by Theodore
Schrieke (US Mint Metallurgist) to Nellie Tayloe-Ross, DirectorJofthe US Mint. Schriecke was
sent to Frankfurt to manage the recount, revaluation and distribution process of gold coin and .
I
gold bars of Belgium and Luxemburg to the Banque de France. This was the first shipment out of
Germany to restitute looted gold. Between Oct. 28, 1947 and *ov. 4, 1947 numismatic experts
from the Banque de France sorted, counted, weighed, valued, allocated and packed coins and
gold ingots for shipments to France.
Schriecke had reservations about the methods the French methods for implementing the
above process over which he was general supervisor. He w;rites to Nellie Tayloe-Ross that
perhaps the coins should be sent to the US Mint for melting and honversion to dollars, or
interchange the coins for gold bars.(10/24/47). Tayloe-Ross paAsed the Mint's arguments for
I
conversion ofthe coins to gold bars to the State Dept the same day. (10/24147).
There was a reinventory of coins and their weights in De~ember 1947 necessary for their
delivery to the "gold pot."(12/10/47)
�Several other documents reference the following items:
l.Gen George C Marshall supports Dir. Tayloe Ross in sending the gold to US Mint for
I
reassay and remelt into US ingots. (11/10/47)
2. Three packages of coin and precious metals from FranKfurt have been returned to the
US Mint. (12/19/47)
3. State Dpt reiterates that OMGUS controls the delivery of the inventory and the
inventory and the Howard inventory for the itemization all items as they are described.
I
(4/9/48)
ot
I
4. Inquiries from American Express in Paris about the Italian Royal Coin Collection sent
to Leland Howard. He has no information about the coins where~bouts. (12117/52)
5. 1953 Memo from Cowen ofthe State Dpt in Brussels kys that Howard's inventory
has descrepancies and no identity is possible to rectifY this matterJ (4/29/53)
Folder #2: "GoldlInternational Refugee Organization (Atomic Energy Commission)"
Documents relating to the liquidation ofIRO assets:
1. In 1947, Schwartz from the Office ofInternational Finance and Holbein of the
I
International Refugee Organization reclaimed approximately 1309 kgs non-monetary victim gold
from a Germany smelter. The occupation forces (US Army?) had given the smelter the non
monetary gold to be refined back into gold barsand returned to tHe IRO a liquid asset. The
smelter was discovered taking 10% ofthe gold for his own use. 14.dding insult to injury US
Army officials tried to devise a means for allowing the German sthelter to keep the pilfered g01d
despite OMGUS Law 53. Schwartz and Holbein eventually had the goldrefined in Switzerland
and sold for dollars. (8/20/47)
2. In February 1948, Mr. Lewis Strauss, a chief administrator of the Atomic Energy
Commission expressed a personal interest in theIRO. He suggeJted that the AEC purchase the
IRO's inventory of precious metals that were strategic materials] The US Mint through the IRO
assisted in the purchase by this federal agency of the IRO assets: iplatinum; bars containing
platinum, gold and silver; and bars containing platinum, gold, sHier and palladium (approx.
$78,000.00) (5/14/49). The State Dept communicated its wishes that it desired a prompt
liquidation ofthese assets for the IRO (5/19/49)
�Entry 328U
7/12/99 ok
General Files.on silver & precious metals - WW II
Box 1
104/450/67109/02
Contains the following files:
File #1. "Gold & Silver, etc - Inventory made by Officials of the Bureau of the
I
Mint in Frankfurt, Germany (Looted Gold & Silver~
File #2. "GoldlInternational Refugeee Organization (Atomic Energy Commission)"
lFile #1:
:~~~~:::-::-:~~:::::-~~I::~
"Gold & Silver, etc Mint iIi Frankfurt, Germany (Looted Gold & Silver)
offue
Items: Aug 2, 1945 - Sept. 13, 1945 Leland Howard Corresondence.
1) Appendix A - Gold &Silver at Frankfurt itemized with valuati6ns;
6/1/45 cable SCAF 427 Bank ofEng. And US Treasury: ktil appraisal is
completed no other countries are allowed to inspect the Merker's hoard
8116/45 US bullion and coin experts to Bernstein: weigh~ and work sheets for kroner
J
, 2) Letter 9/13/45 -Howard to Gaston: Howard cannot make appraisall ofSS looted non
monetary items. He suggests that a customs appraiser be retainea to do this task.
.
I
3) Cable 9/6/45 #S21742 materials captured by US Army CG USFET (Buchenwald)
4) 9/16/46-2/24/47 - Silver at RB largely Hungarian
Five (5) gold coins with Hungarian cache found in Austria, not inventoried - sent to
Hungary with Lot 20-A. Hungary (was eventually returned by Hkgary - find cite)
5) Correspondence between Leland Howard, Ast. Dir of thl US Mint and
Orvis Schmidt, Div of Int. Finance
I
Re: the re-assay of the gold bars stored in the Frankfurt depository
Two significant letters
A) 7/29/47 Howard to Schmidt
m
B) 8115147 Howard to Schwartz lays out Howard's 7
ain objections to the re
assaying of the bars and calls for its distribution.
A) 7/29/47- Howard to Schmidt: mentions inventory seems adequate for the distribution
ofgold at that time. Howard objects to State speaking for Treas4rY and Mint. He reiterates that
FRB in NY "is not equipped to express an opinion on gold othelill that the storage of gold bars."
" .... depends upon the Mint for advice relative to such matters."
.
Germans wouldn't have tried to fool Swiss re'gold content
Germans wouldn't have rigged their books to fool US o~ allies because they didn't intend
the gold to be captured.
�Pick up the tab to deliveries but do it from the NY Assay office where the experts will
either chip, drill or do a melt but less chance for error. Crew to dermany is expensive. Let Fr and
Britsh melt if it do~sn't cost the US anything.
Coins need to be. evaluated by experts
Distribute based on inventory as it 'presently stands.
B) 8/15/47 - Howard to Schwartz (redaction of the argument presented to O.Schmidt)
1. Melt bars and take a dip sample to make an assay
2. Melted bars will loose identity making a later determination of ownership impossible
.
3. Representative sample of bars through chippingmeab reweighing and rescheduling
.
difficult to schedule and achieve if many bars are sampled.
4. German recasted and fake dated looted gold does n0t make inventory inaccurate. The
intention to sell to neutral countries the date is the. thing that worlld be passed off as valid they
I
could not fake the gold content ofthe bars. Partial distribution should proceed with a small hold
back for adjustments. Commission should trust the countries to inake a melt and then a
determination of the gold. Save money by shipping bars in their present form.
5. Or.. ship bars to'the Fr.< or Brit. for final determinat,on of gold. Prussian Mint must
be melted befor~ they will be good delivery bars in he world market. Howard, "all this type gold
should be melted and recast."
'
.
6. IfTPGC Pool is bearing expenses for shipping and aistribution, let them make the
final decision and have Mint just make suggestions. Let Commi~sion work out distribution plan.
If Mint bears expenses follow #4 as outlined above.
7. Please refer to Memo to Schmidt 7/29/47
I
.
.
I.
I
.
.
Item: l/C telegram # 2962 8/9/47
From Brussels to Secy of State: outlines the preliminary I<IiS~ribution of gold and
.
'
foreseeable and related problems·
Specific as to claims and amount of claims Poland concentration camp victims; Lux .
charitable corpC?ration; Belgium; Law 53 gold holding by·allied ~overnments CCG; gold found in
Austria; gold acquired by German not from original countryb,ut where it was held at time of
seizure by Germany
Items: Handwritten letters from Schiercke, US Mint metallurgist to Nellie Tayloe-Ross, Dir
of US Mint .
,
I .
Theodaor Shiercke was sent to oversee the recount, revalua,tion and distribution process of
the first shipment to the Banque de France of the restitutirln of gold bars and gold coins
belonging to Belgium & Lux
1)10/24/47 - his objection to.the Bank of France personnel method of counting/weighing
~oo~.·
,
I
2) 10/27/47 -to Ross discusses concerns with State Dp~ and suggests that he present an
argument for bring gold directly to US for melting and conversion ofthe value into dollars for the
countries entitled to it. If they don't want dollar~ interchange birrs .
. ·3) Oct. 28,1977 permission to leave; French and' their ~qtiipment getting in place and
setting up;
�4) Oct. 31, 1947 - 1200 bars packed for Bank of France; Mon Nov. 3, 1947 coin to be
weighed
r
5) Oct. 28, 1947 - unsigned receipt of$85,289,959.60 as ithe preliminary partial
.
I
distribution ofthe monetary gold to Belgium & Lux.
6) 1114/47 - Schiercke toTPGC re the packaging process for the shipmnt to Bak of
I
France; p. 3 total coin allocation per recipeint country to total of 100% of the coins held Eng. Fr,
Ger,Aust,US, Neth
Items ofNote: Memo re TPG Commission Meetings on Oct.13-11~ &
Count of allocations due specific countries from Frankfruit depository
Valuation of errors
First trial of coin weighing Oct 18 -21
TPG Comm meeting Nov. 5, 1947
Item: 11/6/47 - outgoing telegram #1593 from Dir of Mint to via Marshall to State (Brussels)
send Schiercke to accompany Howard with the 8th army survey 1148 - transport of gold to
Austria
Item: Telegram 11/8/47 in response to see # 2962 8/9/47
Millard to Secy of State
Polish claim denied, Lux claim denied
p. 2 suggestion to finish dispersal since doubtful that French will lend the same effort as it
did with the first count and allocation of coin. Time and distancJ from the problem will not have
a positive effect on the distribution ofthe restitution.
Return of Austria's gold
Item: Telegram 11/10/47 from Marshall Brussels to DASPIT Treas. & Dpt of
.
State thinks sending gold to NY for remelt, assay, remold and eJrmarking for individual countries
is a good idea. The TPGC considering this plan (originally sug~ested by Tayloe-Ross)
Item: 12/4/47: Precious metals ofstrt;ttegic value in RB
use as part of stockpile of strategic materials in US.
Frank~ - view to purchase and later
Items: Memo 12/10/47 Schiercke to Tayloe-Ross
re: difference in coin weighing - Gold pot delivery and set aside operation
Item: Dec. 10, 1947 - Howard to Smith
re: IRO to receive non-monetary gold SS loot & gross weight Au 14,000 oz.
(X-ref for AEC purchase of such materials)
Item: 12/19/47 - three packages of bullion schedule and other date pertaining to inventory ofcoin
and precious metals in RB-Frankfurt have been returned to Bur ofMffit.
Item: 12/24/47 Fred Smith to Brussels to TPG meeting. Expects to visit other counrtries
�Item: 4/9/48 #528 - State reiterates areas of responsibility of OMGUS conrol of delivery of
inventory and inventory itself and HOWARD inventory for the itbmization of all items as
described.
Item: 12/17/52 - Leland Howard to Raymond Anderson of Am Exp.
Took inventory of the Italian gold found in Merker Salt Mne. E+dent that gold had been moved
several times prior to placement in mine. Gold was eventually inventoried and stored. 2' Gis did
this under his direction. Howard does not remember seeing the Italian
royal coin collection
Item: 4/29/53 Telegram #9934 Cowen (from Brussels to Sec'y of State)
Notable discrepacies in the Howard inventory No identity of any items is possible. Expert needed
File #2:
"Goldllnte~national
Refugee Organization (Atomic Energy Commission)"
Item: 2/48 Liquidation ofIRO assets for sale to Atomic Energy Commission
precious metals: bar containing platinum, palladium, gold, silver,
.
Item: 8120/47: Meltdown of non-repatriatable items, i.e., jeweJ dental, into a crude mix .
original melt done by German smelting firm (discovered that smelter kept approx, 10% of the
materials) Bern criticizes the US Army handling of this matter tJcause they tried to justifY
allowing smelters to keep the portion illegally taken
Item: 5112/49
Czechs claim 10 gold bars.
X-ref: see Eizenstat pgs. 179-180 (denied and then claiin reinstated found acceptable
check: FRB Binder 1 541-546
Item: 5119/49 - Dpt. Ofthe Army to COMGENUSFA
liquidate the assets for IRO
EntryUD
nla
State Dpt wants prompt steps to
Annual Reports ofthe Dir. Of the Mint
Boxes 10-11 104/450/67/14/05 Boxescontain
"Coin World" magazine and not Ann Report as indicated
�........
RG 104
US MINT
Entry 282A
,Records of the Annual Assay Commission Meetings
1914-1980
104/450/67/01102
Boxes 1-20
7/8/99 nJa
Entry 282B
7/8/99 nJa
Records of the Ann.Assay Commission
Precendent Files 1936-1967
104/450/67/01106
Boxes 21-22
Entry 328C
Offof the Dir of the Mint Central Files
Annual Settlement ofBranch Mints & Assay Offices
7/9/99
104/450/67/05Y02
Boxes 1-6
Box 6 - NY 1943-1950
7112/99 nJa Boxes 10-14
104/450/67/05102
I
Entry 328D
7/9/99 ok
Office of the Director of the Mint
Background files on Meeting and Conferences 1911-1978
FRC Box 1
'
104/450/67/06/04
Office ofthe Dir. Of the Mint General Files
General - Files on Regulations
7/9/99 nJa ' ' FRC Boxes 1-4
1041450167106104 '
Entry 328E
Entry 328F
OffofDirector ofthe Mint General Files
Ownership ofForeign Coin 1937-1977
Boxes 1-9
104/450/67/06/06
7112/99 ok Box 9 - Crown ofSt Stephen (hungary)
nJa Boxes 1-8 countries purchasing coin mfg metals and services from the
US Mint (alpha listing of countries inc. Pos~war Gennany and US allies).
L
..
Entry 328G
7/12/99 nJa
·'
amts
Cases on Comage: Compl' and countnelt COIns
Box 1-2
104/450/67/07/04
Entry 328J
7/12/99 nJa
Fractional Coinage
Box 1
104/450/67/08/01
Entry 328R US Mint - Gen. Files mixed GoldiSilverDeposits
7/26/99 nJa Box 1
104/450/67/09/03
Entry 328S
Sale of Go IdiSilver Bars 1940-1970's
7/26/99'nJa Box 1
104/450/67/09/02
Entry 328T Silver Lend-lease
7fi26/99.;.nJ!l<,'JlQX~~.11-7 > 2', ';;\
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104/450/67/09/02
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Masurovsky, Marc - Gold Researcher Notes II [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Art & Cultural Property Theft
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 211
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/6997222" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
6/24/2013
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
6997222-masurovsky-marc-gold-researcher-notes-ii-1
6997222