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2006-0198-F-4
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MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
First Lady's Office
Series/StaffMember:
Melanne Verveer
Subseries:
. Subject Files: Teen Pregnancy -Turkey
OAJID Number:
20055
FolderiD:
Folder Title:
Trafficking: Vital Voices [4]
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59
7
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2
�THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
: SUNOi\Y, JULY 30, 2000
No. 31
L '•·_:_·~___;.;......:...;,....,..:.o;,':i;..... ;........
J·':.w: ,.;....:_...,;..._..:....:...._..:...-..._;__~·.'.'·.:_'~F FOR THE RECORD
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'·'•
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u.s~
official'saddress at conference
on trafficking of women and children
know~ how in' action at a coordinating
meeting yesterday. We need to enhance this
kind of coordination between the government and NGOs as welt This meeting is
bringing together: for. the first time. aU ~e
k.ey p.lrticipants. Trnfficking is not just a
Uk.ruinia.n problem or an American probFirst,' I would like to say a few words in lem it is a global rnenacc. And it is not
·Ukrainian, I am very hUppy to be back in just n women 's· is.sue it is arl issue that
Ukrnine, the birthplace of my grnndparenl!it . affects aU of society.
both on my mother's anJ father's side.
BecaUse 'of the regional and intemation~
This is my third vjsjt Four years ago, I at character of trnfficking,l am pleased that
accompttnied Presiden(Bill Clinton o~ his
the repiesc;ntatives of so many.foreign go'".'¥
historic visit to Kyiv. h was the fin:t visit of emments could be here. Your presence here
illustrntes thnt your gOVemmentS'take this
an American president ton free Ukraine.
1\vo years ago,' I was in Lvlv with the First
issue seriously. Together We must create a
Lady. There she anoouncetl a new public coordinating body and com.mit ~ou:ces.
Remarks by Me/anne Verveer, assisv
tam to the president and chief of staff to
First lAdy Hillary Radham Clintan, at
the Conference to Combat Trafficking in
Women and Children held in Kyiv on
Junell.
information campaign aimed at warning
People who. are trnfficked are despernte
Ukrainian women and girls about the dan- for economic opportunity and think they,
posed by tmffickers, Today it is a priv- . are applying for jobs as waitresses. laborto join you for'this lmponant U.S.- erS. childcare provi~ers or sales clerks.
regional meeting for international Mat~y think thCy rue following their dreams
law enforcement offiCials on combating of a better life; instead they find themselves:
tmfficking in women and children. .
' in an unimaginable nightmare Uving in virWhen) was a child,l attended Ukrni~ian · · tuaf captivity, Enticed through false udver~
school in the United States. 11lere we ~g tising ·and deceptive offers, they fa~t prey to
the Ukri:iinian national anthem and, like .so an organized c;riminal ~elwork, .whic~
many other .Ukrairti;tn Americ~ns.• we compriscs.a'new,shadow econofny. Once·
prayed that Ukraine would one day be.free.
they. arrive nt the destination determined
!
Today, Ukraine is' a d~mocratic.nati9n. for'them by their capto'rs, their passports·
As President Clinton saiJ on his recent visit and other documents are confiscated. They
to Kyiv, AJ1lerica wilt~ your panner and .are subjected to extreme human rights vio,;.
friend as you work at building your democlations - physical and mental abuse,
racy and refo~ing yo~Jr eco_nomy.
including rope, tonuh?, imprisonment nn~
{Cootinued in English]:.
.
death threats.
, Each year dose to I mHlion hum~n
Trnfficking has exploded.in recent yean:
beings. espcci~ly women and child~n. are
because of.a combinat~O!l of fuctqrs :- the
shipped a~s.nutit~nal.bo;!n~~ a~d ~ severe eConOffiic deprivation ~f,J~'? y~~i~,. ·:
sold into what has bcco;:ne modern-day n market in countries with l~rger sex.indusslavety. his becau~e of this n.ourishing tr:ies.and an orgtnlized crime.net:work fhat
criminal industry that we. gather to df:velop utilizes loca.l operntives to prey on vulncm. concrete Jaw enforcement an(t related anti- ble people. ·
·
trafficking strategies, No counrry can era~iTrnfftcking in bu~~ bei~gs is a r,najor
o1te trafficking by itself, because the char-. source of money for organiw;I crime. The
acter of the problem is international in traffickers derive enormous profits from
scOpe. With victims moving·between coun~ rheir.sales because of the relatively low.rlsk
tries. progress is possible ~nly through our of prosecution. Their wOrk is often fncilitutmutunl cooperation. The largest growing ed by con'Upt politicians; It ·is difficult to
number of women and children is being get at because the trafficking requires
trnfficked from this region.
secrecy, the women ore silenced, the traf1 would like ro express my gratitude ro fackers are mobile, well- equipped for their
the government of Ukraine for coMsponsor- work and .dangerous. As an NGO leader
ing this law enforcement worksh'?P with
remarked, <jSmugglers and tnlffickers have
the U.S, government. ~he United States better.connections on Ute iotemaiionallevcl
and Ukmine have joined together in a bil.at- than we do."
My country is taking action on several
1 ernl Co111mitment to combat tmfficking. and
thiS workshop will beth~ first of several to fronts. In March }998 President Clinton
ensure our joint progress, l want to con- issued an executive dlret;tive setting out a
gratulate the gove'fn!Tient of Ukraine for US. strategy to combat trafficking. He laid·
laking initial steps to ~ress, this pn:!b!em, out a ,three-part plan for prevention, protet:;:...
By the end of our discussions over the next tiOn of t~ victims: nnd prosecution of the
three days. J hope. the government wiU be criminals. Law enforcement is the critical
able to put together a concrete plnn of u11k between all three nreas.'It·is in your
action that will Jnclude a government stnte- power to prosecute ~rirninals wh.o engage
ture with all the relcivani ministries to· in this activity an.d to protect the victiJI.lS.
address this issue.
President Clinton also specifically·
I aJso·want to thank the Ukrainian min- directed the U.S. government to work with
isters who are here, as well as the represcnUkrnine_Jn a speech at the White House, in
tatives of educational institutiqns, internn- the 'cOmpany of the Ukminian ambassador,
tional organizations and NGOs. I am
the U.S. sec~tary of state, the attorney gCnpleased that we huve prosecutors frqm
ernl a'nd the first lady, he said we would
some of the oblasts with us. I know their jointly develop ·n ·cof11prehensivc strutegy
experience at the local level in proactive with Ukraine w fight trafficking with the
investigative work will be a welcome addi~ hope that our coopenuiOn will be a model
tion to this meeting:
•
for anri-rraJficklng efforts across the globe.
Jn the.U.S, we are carrying out the presiYesterday l mel with an official of the
Ukrainian Ministry of Education and . dent's order t)lrough a coordinated effon leamed about the efforts that are being among various agencies, incJuding the
made in the schools to make students State Department, the Justice £?epartment
aware of the dangers that traffickers pose. I and Immigratipn nnd Naturalization
also heard how school offidaJs are working Service.
·
with NGOs like Winrock and LaStrnda ro
The ·first step is· pr~vention ·to ensure
OC>tter prepare teachers on this issue.
that girls' and women are made aware of
I am also·very impressed·with the col- this problem so that they wiJI not be
laborotion amoOg Ukroine'S NGOs to com~
bat trafficking. I saw their COtTimitment a.nd
(Continued on page 12)
�Elizabeth R. Newman
05/06/98 03:08:35 PM
Record Type:
To:
Record
See the distribution list at the bottom of this message
cc:
Subject: US-Italy Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Women and Children
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May 6, 1998
kS.-ITALY INITIATIVE
IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN
The United State
recognize that criminal activities
across national border , i-n-particular the growing problem of
trafficking in women and children, poses a serious challenge to
the international community. This is an international problem
with national implications.
The disturbing growth of the involvement of international
organized crime in trafficking in women and children for profit
demands increasing attention and concern. Traffickers in women
and children, much like narcotics traffickers, now operate boldly
across international borders, using state-of-the-art me~ns of
communication and trade.
In both the United States and Italy,
there have been cases of trafficking in women and children for
the purposes of sexual exploitation, sweatshop labor and
exploitative domestic servitude.
President Clinton and Prime Minister Prodi are committed to
taking the steps necessary to address this growing criminal
enterprise. They agreed that new strategies are needed to
eradicate trafficking, focusing on strengthening the human rights
proteetion of trafficking victims; increasing prosecution of the
crimes associated with trafficking; finding ways to help victims
assist with the prosecution of traffickers; increasing public
awareness of the problem; and coordinat~ng the fight against
�trafficking with all of the countries involved, including those
of origin, transit and destination.
President Clinton and Prime Minister Prodi are determined that
the United States and Italy will do their part by taking specific
measures to combat trafficking in women and children. To this
end, the United States and Italy recently established a
U.S.-Italy Working Group on Trafficking in Women and Children.
The group, which held its first meeting in .Rome on April 14, has
agreed to the following joint actions:
Protection of the rights of victims of trafficking through:
exchange of best practices with respect to assistance,
protection and social integration of victims; common
initiatives, including joint program strategies for victim
outreach to be implemented separately in Italy and the United
States; and protection of victims' families in source
countries.
Joint public information campaigns in source countries with the
cooperation of their authorities and non-governmental
organizations.
The regular exchange of information, with the cooperation of the
Italian National Antimafia Directorate, and within the limits
of existing legal provisions in the two countries as regards
confidentiality of investigations, on:
investigations;
successful investigative methods and procedures; and
statistical data and general analysis of trafficking.
Training for law enforcement, immigration and border officers in
source countries to identify patterns and methods of
trafficking and prevent trafficking through effective
investigation and prosecution.
Development of witness protection procedures and victim services
in source countries in cases of repatriation, including
training for law enforcement and assistance to
non-governmental organizations that provide victim services.
Promotion of joint initiatives in multilateral fora to combat
trafficking in addition to efforts unde.r way at the United
Nations to develop a Convention on organized crime.
�President Clinton and Prime Minister Prodi agreed that these
joint actions would form an important element of our future
bilateral law enforcement and political cooperation.
# # #
Message Sent To:
�REVISED DRAFT (JUNE 1999)
CLOSE-HOLD - NO DISTRIBUTION
Trafficking and Trade in Women and Children:
Prevention, Protection For Victims & Prosecution and
Enforcement Against Traffickers
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled,
SECTION 1.
SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS
(a) SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the
((
"
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS. The Table of Contents of this Act is
as follows:
Sec. 1.
Short Title; Table of Contents
Sec. 2.
Purposes & Findings
Sec. 3.
Definitions
Sec. 4.
Trafficking Benchmarks
Sec. 5.
Prevention of Trafficking
Sec. 6.
Protection and Assistance for Trafficking Victims
Sec. 7.
Prosecution and Enforcement Against Trafficking
·Sec. 8.
Sec.'9.
Monitoring International Progress Against Trafficking
Authorization of Appropriations
�0~/21:99
WED 18:J8 FAX 202 455 5581
SECTION 2.
DO~!ESTIC
POLiCY COL
PURPOSES AND FINDINGS
[TO BE INSERTED - IF WE AMEND WELLSTONE, THEN
USE HIS LANGUAGE PLUS ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS
OTHERWISE DRAFTNEW SECTION.]
SECTION 3.
DEFINITIONS
As used in this Act:
TRAFFICKING. -- The term trafficking means:
(a)
(1) Any act or attempted act involved in the chain of activities,
whether inside or outside the United States, to recruit,
induce, abduct or entice, facilitate, harbor or transport
within or across borders for the purpose of subjecting any
person to slavery-like practices, labor or services by means
of force, coercion, debt bondage, fraud,. or deception; or
(2)
to buy, sell, trade or transfer any person to provide or
obtain custody or control of such person in order to place such
person in slavery-like practices or conditions or to coerce labor
or serv1ces; or
(3) to persuade, induce, entice, coerce, or transport or cause to
be transported, any person who has not attained the age of
'
18 years, with the intent that the individual engage in
.
2
�Dt.Hll:.ST1C t'ULiCl. CUL
prostitution or in any sexual activity for which any person
could be charged with a criminal offense, regardless of any
putative consent on the part of the underage person.
(b) ACT OF TRAFFICKING. -- The tenn "act of trafficking''
means:
any act or attempted act at any point in the process or
furtherance of trafficking, as defmed in paragraph (a),
including but not limited to conspiring, facilitating,
agreeing or knowingly participating in any act benefiting
or profiting from the trafficking, or the operation,
management, or ownership of an organization or
enterprise that benefits or profits in whole or in part from
trafficking or any component part thereof.
(c) VICTIM OF TRAFFICKING. -- The tenn "victim of
trafficking" means any person subjected to the actions set
forth in paragraph (a).
(d) FORCE OR COERCION. -· For the purposes of this Act,
"force'' or "coercion" includes obtaining or maintaining labor,
services, or other activities of a person by any of the following:
3
'lid uu :;
�(1) physical, legal, psychological or mental coercion, or
abuse of authority;
(2)
the creation, through scheme or artifice, of a belief
on the part of the victim that he has no viable alternative
but to perfonn the work, service or activity, whether that
is objectively correct or
not~
. (3) peonage, as set forth in title 18, paragraph 1581,
extortionate extension of credit as set forth in Title 18,
paragraph 894, or debt bondage as defined by paragraph
(e) of this title;
(4) threats of force, harm or violence to the victim or the
victim's family members; or
(5) restraint of movement and liberty.
(e) DEBT BONDAGE.
[Adapted from the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery,
the Sex Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery}
The term "debt bondage'' means:
(1) obtaining or attempting to extract labor, service .or
other activities from a person;
(2) through the mechanism of a debtor's pledge of his
personal labor, services or activity or of those of a person
or persons under his control as security for a debt;
4.
�..i!J vv.;;
(3) where the value of that labor, service, or activity as
reasonably assessed is not actually applied towards the
liquidation of the debt, or where the length and nature of
· those sex-Vices and the amount to be repayed are not
limited and defined.
(f) CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE. -- Criminal "enterprise" is used
as that term is defmed by the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organization Act (18 U.S.C. sec. 1961 (4} --confirm
citation).
(g) SLAVERY-LIKE PRACTICES OR CONDITIONS. -- For the
purposes of this Act, the term "slavery-like practices or
conditions" includes:
all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such
as involuntary servitude, the sale of a person; debt
bondage and serfdom; sexual servitude; or sexual
services, prostitution or other sexual exploitation for
which the person does not knowingly offer himself or
herself voluntarily; and forced or compulsory labor.
5
�PURPOSES AND FINDINGS
WE AMEND WELLSTONE, THEN
USE HIS LANGUAGE PLUS A
I IONAL STATEMENTS
OTHERWISE DRAFT NEW SECTION.]
SECTION 4.
TRAFFICKING BENCHMARKS
(a) INTERNATIONAL. The Secretary of State shall establish
benchmarks and mechanisms to measure international
progress to reduce trafficking covering:
(1) prevention -including economic and public awareness
components,
(2) protection and assistance for victims, and
(3) prosecution and enforcement against traffickers.
Intemal note: This process would continue existing development of
benchmarks in DOS Strategic Management Plans
(b) DOMESTIC. The Attorney General, in consultation with
the Secretaries of Health and Human Services and Labor, shall
establish benchmarks and mechanisms to measure United
States progress covering prevention, protection and assistance
for victims, prosecution and enforcement against traffickers.
2
�(c) UTILIZING NONGOVERNMENTAL REPORTS. In
compiling information, the Attorney General, Secretaries of
State, Health and Human Services, and Labor, or their
representatives, shall take into account reports by
international organizations and nongovernmental
organizations with respect to trafficking in persons.
(d) CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATION. The Attomey
General, Secretaries of State, Health and Human Services,
and Labor, or their representatives, shall consult annually
with Congress on international and domestic progress on
benchmarks.
SECTION 5.
PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING
(a) ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVES TO PREVENT AND DETER
TRAFFICKING
(1) To help countries reach prevention economic opportunity
benchmarks established under Section 4, the President,
through the Department of State and the Agency for
International Development [conform to reorganization here
and throughout], and the Department of Labor, shall target
programs to initiate, expand, and institutionalize initiatives
that include:
3
�i) Micro-credit, training in business development,
skills training, and job counseling for women;
(ii) Programs to keep children in elementary and
secondary school and development of class sessions
about the dangers of trafficking; and
(iii) Grants for nongovernmental organizations to
accelerate the empowerment of women in political,
local and regional economic, and educational efforts.
(2) The Agency for International Development, shall
include in existing reporting to Congress the nexus
between: a) its programs increasing economic alternatives
in trafficking countries of origin; and b)
progress reducing trafficking consistent with Section 4
benchmarks. AID should include in this report
programs that provide education and economic
opportunities for those at risk for trafficking, and
programs that educate potential victims to the dangers of
trafficking.
(b)
PUBLIC AWARENESS AND INFORMATION
The President, through the Department of State and the
United States Information Agency' Public Diplomacy
component, the Department of Justice, the Department
' of Health and Human Services, and the Department of
4
�Labor, is authorized to and shall establish programs
targeting assistance to countries to help reach prevention
benchmarks established under Section 4 that increase
public understanding of the dangers of trafficking and
protections. available for victims.
[need language authorizing funds]
(c) IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF TRAFFICKING
THROUGH STRENGTHENING THE COLLECTION OF
TRAFFICKING DATA AND RESEARCH
( 1)
The President, through appropriate Executive
Departments, shall establish interagency procedures
to collect and organize [centralize?] data, significant
research and resource information on the
international and domestic trafficking of persons,
particularly women and children.
(2 >
The Attorney General shall establish guidelines for
collecting data from Federal, State and local law
enforcement agencies about trafficking of persons,
particularly women and children, and the
disposition of victims of these crimes, including
special attention to incidents and cases related to
trafficking that are charged under the various
5
�provisions of Titles 8 and 18 of the United States
Code.
( 3)
The data collected under this Section shall be
incorporated into appropriate existing and
supplemental Department of Justice reports,
including reports on criminal civil rights violations
and organized crime:
( 4)
Data collection and reporting under this Section
shall respect the privacy interests of the victims.
(5)
The Department of Health and Human Services
shall review the individual and public health risks of
trafficking.
SECTION 6.
PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE FOR
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
(a)
VICTIMS IN OTHER COUNTRIES.
Authorization for Programs. The President, acting
through the Secretary of State and the Administrator of
the United States Agency for International Development,
is authorized to provide programs and activities to assist
trafficking victims and their children abroad escape the
6
�cycle of trafficking, through programs including mental
and physical health services, shelter, legal assistance,
and safe voluntary reintegration efforts. Such assistance
should give priority to programs by nongovernmental
organizations, which provide direct services and
resources for trafficking victims. [this is close to Senator
Wells tone's language]
(b) VICTIMS IN THE UNITED STATES- PROTECTION AND
ASSISTANCE.
( 1)
Domestic Programs. The Secretary of Health and
Human Services is authorized to provide assistance to
·
~\)
trafficking victims and their children in the United States,
including physical and mental health services, social and
legal serv1ces, and shelter, notwithstanding any other
provision of law and irrespective or their immigration status.
(2) Crime Victims Fund. Notwithstanding any other provision
of law and irrespective of their immigration status, trafficking
victims shall be eligible for victim services, compensation, and
7
�assistance available under the Crime Victims Fund established
by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984.
(3) Violence Against Women Programs.
(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of law and
irrespective of their immigration status, Violence
Against Women Act funding may be used to provide
services to trafficking victims such as medical
treatment, shelter, skills training, counseling and legal
assistance, operation of hotlines, training programs for
professionals, and preparation of informational
materials.
(ii) The Secretary ofHealth and Human Services shall
issue regulations to ensure that trafficking victims are
eligible to receive benefits available under the Violence
Against Women Act.
(iii) The Violence Against Women's Act is amended by
adding the following new section:
"Section
Designation of Shelter Available for
Trafficked Victims
( ) Within one year of enactment, no less than one
shelter receiving federal support in New York City,
N.Y.; Miami, FL.; Los Angeles, CA, Chicago, Ill.; and
8
�two other cities selected by the Secretary of Health
and Human Services in consultation with the
Attorney General through the Violence Against
Women Office, shall be adapted as appropriate to
provide shelter and services for trafficked women.
( ) Not less tha
six months after the date of
is act, the Attorney General shall
prom lgat guidance to achieve the security and
trafficking victims, staff and other sheltered
.i
Battered Women Shelters adapted under
to provide protection for trafficked
(4)
Reintegration and Protection ofVictims
The Department of State shall pursue international
agreements and programs to facilitate protection
within countries of origin for trafficking victims
seeking return.
(c) VICTIMS IN.THE UNITED STATES- LEGAL
PROTECTIONS.
9
�(1) · Private Cause of Action
A victim of trafficking may bring a civil action against a
trafficker in a Federal or State court of original jurisdiction.
[DOJ - Need language to allow for a trafficking victim to
recover damages - actual and punitive
and other relief in a
civil action based upon trafficking.]
(2)
Appropriate Shelter And Treatment For Victims in
Government Custody.
The Attorney General in consultation with the Secretary of
Health and Human Services shall issue. guidelines to ensure
that victims of trafficking identified and rescued by law·
enforcement personnel:
(i)
are housed in appropriate shelter as early in
the enforcement process as possible [internal
note: this is complex in practiCe
however, the use of
detention or jail instead of more suitable shelter for
trafficking victims, even for
a minimal time,
needs to
be compelled by the circumstances and justified -DOJ - help express this idea].
(ii)
shall be provided prompt medical care, food
and other necessary treatment;
(3) Confidentiality
10
�The court, when necessary to ensure that a trafficking
victim shall not be subjected to further harm or trauma
may issue such order(s) as is necessary to protect the
confidentiality of the victim.
(4) Trafficking Victim Assessment Period
The Department of Justice shall issue regulations
(guidelines?) within 120 days that would accomplish the
following:
To further United States humanitarian interests and to
permit law enforcement to determine whether the
victim may be able to help with an investigation or
prosecution of traffickers, whenever operations or
investigations whether local or federal reveal
reasonable indicia of the offenses set out in this title or
situations of abuse or severe exploitation of a foreign
national, the Immigration and Naturalization Service
shall assess whether the individual may be a
trafficking victim prior to initiation of any deportation
procedures. Where, in consultation with the Criminal
Section, Civil Rights Division and the local United
States Attorneys office, it is concluded that such
person is in fact a trafficking victim, the Immigration
11
�and Naturalization Service should act to ensure that
the alien victim's continued presence in the United
States is authorized in order to effectuate prosecution
of those responsible.
(5) HUMANITARIAN/MATERIAL WITNESS
NONIMMIGRANT VISA
(i) PURPOSE. Trafficking of humans, particularly women
and children, is denounced by the international
community as an egregious human rights violation
perpetrated increasingly by organized and sophisticated
criminal enterprises. The purpose of this section is to
create a new nonimmigrant visa classification that will
strengthen the ability of law enforcement agencies to
detect, investigate, and prosecute cases of trafficking of
persons, while offering protection to victims of such
offenses in keeping with the humanitarian interests of the
United States. Trafficking to place persons in forced
labor, servitude or in slavery-like conditions has been
identified as a multinational crime problem of growing
severity with increasing ties to organized crime.
Traffickers recruit and transport persons, especially
women and children, to the United States in order to
, exploit them under horrific conditions through the use of
12
�force, violence, debt bondage, or other coercive tactics.
Creating a new nonimmigrant visa classification will
facilitate the reporting of violations to law enforcement
officials by trafficked and exploited persons who are not
in a lawful immigration status. It also gives law
enforcement officials a means to regularize the status of
cooperating individuals during investigations,
prosecutions, and civil law enforcement proceedings. By
providing temporary legal status to those who have been
severely victimized by trafficking or similar egregious
offenses, it also reflects the humanitarian interests of the
United States. Finally, the provision gives the Attorney
General discretion to convert nonimmigrants under this
section to permanent status when it is justified on
humanitarian grounds or is otherwise in the national
interest.
(ii) ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW NONIMMIGRANT
CLASSIFICATION- Section 101 (a) (15) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101{a)(15) is amended-
(1)
by striking "or" at the end of subparagraph (R),
(2)
by striking the period at the end of subparagraph
(S) and inserting "; or"'
and
13
�(3)
by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
"(T) subject to 214(m), an alien (and the spouse, children,
and parents of the alien if accompanying or following to
join the alien) who the Attorney General determines-
(i)
possesses material information concerning
criminal or other unlawful activity;
(ii)
is willing to supply or has supplied such
information to Federal or State law
enforcement officials;
(iii)
would be helpful, were the alien to remain in
the United States, to a properly authorized
Federal or State investigation or prosecution of
the criminal or other unlawful activity; and
(iv)
has suffered substantial physical or mental
abuse in the United States as a result of the
criminal or other unlawful activity."
14
�(iii) CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION. -
(A)
NUMBERICAL LIMITATAIONS; PERIOD OF
ADMISSION; ETC.
Section 214 of the Immigration and Naturalization Act (8
U.S.C. 1184) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
"(m)(1)
The number of aliens who may be provided a
visa as nonimmigrants under section 101(a)(15)(T) in any
fiscal year may not exceed 1, 000.
"(2)
No alien may be admitted into the United States as
such a nonimmigrant more than 5 years after the date of
the enactment of this section.
"(3) The period of admission of an alien as such a
nonimmigrant may not exceed 3 years. Such period may
not be extended by the Attorney General.
"(4) As a condition for the admission, and continued stay
in lawful status of such a nonimmigrant, the
nonimmigrant -
15
�"(A) may not be convicted of any criminal offense
punishable by a term of imprisonment of 1 year or
more after the date of such admission
"(B) must have executed a form that waives the
nonimmigrant's right to contest, other than on the
basis of an application for withholding of deportation
,'•
or removal, any action for deportation of the alien
instituted before the alien obtains lawful permanent
resident status; and
"(C) shall abide by any other condition, limitation, or
restriction imposed by the Attomey General."
(B) PROHIBITION OF CHANGE OF STATUS.- Section
248(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1258(1)) is amended by striking "or (S)" and inserting "(S)
or (T)."
(C) ADJUSTMENT TO PERMANENT RESIDENT
STATUS.-
( 1) IN GENERAL. - Section 245 of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255) is amended by adding
at the end the following new subsection:
"(1)(1) The Attorney General may adjust the status of an
· alien admitted into the United States under section
16
�101(a)(15)(T)(and the spouse, children, and parents of the
alien if admitted under that section) to that of an alien
lawfully admitted for permanent residence if-
"(A) in the opinion of the Attorney General, the alien's
continued presence in the United States is justified on
humanitarian grounds or is otherwise in the national
interest, and (B) the alien is not described in sections 212
(a)(3)(A)(i)(I), (3)(A)(ii), (3)(C), or (3 (E).
"(2) Upon the approval of adjustment of status under
paragr:aph (1), the Attorney General shall record the
alien's lawful admission for permanent residence as of the
date of such approval and the Secretary of State shall
reduce by one the number of visas authorized to be
issued under sections 201(d) and 203(b)(4) for the fiscal
year then current."
(1) EXCLUSIVE MEANS OF ADJUSTMENT.- Section
245 (c)(S) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U .S.C. 1255(c)(S)) is amended by striking "section
101(a)(l5)(S);" and inserting "sections 10l(a)(l5)(S) or
(T) ;".
17
�(D) EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION FOR
COOPERATING WITNESSES
(1) $ection 236 of the INA is amended in subsection 9c)
by adding the following to the end of paragraph (2),
"An alien released under this paragraph is not entitled to
employment authorization, but authorization may be
provided under regulation by the Attorney General."
[DOJ - Explain application and scope]
(7) Protection For Trafficking Victim Who is Stateless
[Dept. of State/DOJ --To be inserted]
(8) Specialized Training For Enforcement Officials And
Trafficking Victim Regulations--
[Based upon Senator Wellstone's proposal]
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall jointly
promulgate regulations requiring that-
18
�(i)
Appropriate Federal, State and local law enforcement,
immigration officials, and Foreign Service officers
shall be trained in identifying and responding to
trafficking victims;
(ii)
Trafficking victims shall not be jailed, fined, or
otherwise penalized due to having been trafficked, or
the nature of work;
(iii)
Trafficking victims shall have access to legal
assistance, information about their rights, and
translation services;
(iv)
Trafficking victims shall be provided protection if,
after an assessment of security risk, it is determined
the trafficking victim is susceptible to further
victimization;
(v)
Law enforcement and prosecutors shall take into
consideration the safety and integrity of trafficked
persons in investigating and prosecuting traffickers;
and
(vi)
Mechanisms to fight the role of government official
and law enforcement complicity and corruption in
trafficking be integrated into bi-lateral and multilateral efforts with appropriate countries.
19
�SECTiON 7.
PROSECUTION AND ENFORCEMENT
AGAINST TRAFFICKERS
(a)
IN GENERAL. Whoever is involved in
(1) Any act or attempted act involved in the chain of activities,
whether inside or outside the United States, to recruit,
induce, abduct or entice, facilitate, harbor or transport
within or across borders for the purpose of subjecting any
person to slavery-like practices, labor or services by means
of force, coercion, debt bondage, fraud, or deception; or
(2)
to buy, sell, trade or transfer any person to provide or
obtain custody or control of such person in order to place
such person in slavery-like practices or conditions or to
coerce labor or services; or
(3)
to persuade, induce, entice, coerce, or transport br cause
to be transported, any person who has not attained the age of
18 years, with the intent that the individual engage in
prostitution or in any sexual activity for which any person
20
�could be charged with a criminal offense, regardless of any
putative consent on the part of the underage person,
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than
15 years or both, except as follows:
(b) ADDITIONAL PENALTIES. A person who violates this
section shall be fined under this title, imprisoned-
(1) for life or any term of years, if death of a trafficking
victim results;
(2) for not more than 20 years if the victim is a minor or if
the trafficked victim receives a life threatening bodily
injury, contracts HIV I AIDS while engaged in forced
sexual activity or permahent disfigurement results.
21
�(c) Mandatory Restitution
18 USC section 3663A is amended:
" (3) in the case of an offense in which the victim has
been trafficked or placed in forced labor, debt bondage, or
involuntary servitude (A) pay an amount equal to (i) the greater of
(I) the value of the victim's service to the defendant; or
(II) the value of the victim's labor as guaranteed by the
Fair Labor Standards Act minimum wage provisions."
(d) Forfeiture of Assets
( 1) FORFEITURE. -
(i) IN GENERAL.- Upon conviction for a violation of this
section, the convicted person shall forfeit to the United
States such person's interest in any property, real or
personal-
22
�(A) constituting or traceable to gross profits or other
proceeds obtained from such offense; or
(B) used or intended to be used to commit or to promote
the commission of such offense.
(e) International Trafficking Victims Protection Fund
To support protection and assistance for
international victims of trafficking, there is created
in the Treasury a separate account to be known as
the Trafficking Victims Protection Fund. There shall
be deposited amounts obtained from assets,
penalties and fines not awarded by the court in
restitution to victims of trafficking from those
engaged in trafficking and related crimes and
criminal enterprises - international and domestic -involved in trafficking.
(f) RELATED OFFENSES
( 1) International Organized Crime Involvement in
Sexual or Labor Exploitation
23
�Whoever, as part of a criminal enterprise, recruits,
induces, abducts, transports, facilitates, harbors, benefits
or profits from a person with the purpose of subjecting
that person to sexual or labor exploitation shall be fined
and I or imprisoned for a term of _____ years.
[2] Criminal Exploitation of Workers
Title 18 is amended to include the following new section:
"Criminal Exploitation of Workers. --
(A) Whoever(1) Employs, recruits, harbors, provides, transports, or
secures, by any means, any person, knowing or having
reason to know that person is or will be subjected to
unlawfully exploitative labor conditions as defined in
[section _ ], 0 R
(2) Knowingly benefits from, or makes use of, the labor of
a person held to a condition of involuntary servitude or
peonage as those terms are used in 18 U.S.C. §§1581 and
1584, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not
more than 1 0 years, or both.
(B) For the purpose of this title, "unlawfully exploitative
labor conditions" means(1) The labor of a person is obtained or maintained
by means of any plan or pattern, including but
not limited to false and fraudulent pretenses and
24
�misrepresentations, such that the person
reasonably believes he has no viable alternative
but to perform the labor; and
(2) at least two acts have occurred within five years
preceding indictment, relating to the employment
of the person who is subjected to the conditions
set forth in (B)(1), that would constitute
violations of the following provisions: 29 U.S.C.
§§206 (except 206(d)) (Fair Labor Standards ActMinimum Wage), 207 (Fair Labor Standards ActOvertime), 2ll(d) (Fair Labor Standards ActHomework Provision), ·212(c) (Fair Labor
Standards Act-Child Labor), 654 (Occupational
·Safety & Health Act), 1811 (Migrant & Seasonal
Agricultural Worker Protection Act-Farm Labor
Contractors), 1822 (Migrant & Seasonal
Agricultural Worker Protection Act-Migrant
Worker Housing Safety), 1823 (Migrant &
Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection ActMigrant Worker Housing Safety), 1832 (Migrant
& Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act-
Seasonal Worker Wage & Payment), and 1841
(Migrant & Seasonal Agricultural Worker
Protection Act-Motor Vehicle Safety), and 30
U.S.C. §814 (Mine Safety & Health Act),
regardless or whether the employer would be a
25
�"covered" party were an. action brought under
these provisions.
(3) This statute does not apply to labor performed
where employer is a municipal, local, state, or
federal government, and the relationship is
penological, rather than pecuniary."
(3) International Sex Tourism and Children
Whoever knowingly facilitates the international travel of
another to engage in sexual activity with a child shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned not more than_
years.
(4) Confiscation of Victim's Documents as Coercion to
Further Trafficking Scheme
Whoever confiscates or takes possession of and holds
another person's identification, passport or other
immigration documents, or any other documentation, to
further trafficking as defined in this title shall be fined
under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years.
(5) Debt Bondage
26
�(a) Whoever secures the labor, services or activities of
another person through debt bondage shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned for not more than 5 years.
(i) For the purpose of this section, "debt bondage"
includes:
(1) obtaining or attempting to extract labor, service or
other activities from a person;
(2) through the mechanism of a debtor's pledge of his
personal labor, services or activity or of those of a person
or persons under his control as security for a debt;
(3) where the value of that labor, service, or activity as
reasonably assessed is not actually applied towards the
liquidation of the debt, or where the length and nature of
those services and the amount to be repayed are not
limited and defined.
(6)
Sham Debts
(a) (1) Sham Debt to Facilitate Trafficking of Coerced or
Exploited Labor . Whoever establishes a usurious debt or
fee to transport or facilitate a person's entry into the
-United States the purpose of which is to coerce or pressure
27
�labor, services or activities or which is collected through
deductions from a person's work shall be fined under this
title or imprisoned not more than 5 years.
'
(1)
Sham Debt Established by "Purchase" of a Human.
·whoever sets claims a debt or fee to be repaid by a person or
on their behalf based upon claim to having purchased that
person or control of that person shall be fined under this title
or imprisoned not more than 10 years.
/
(b) For purposes of this section "usurious" is defined as [check
definition in section 891].
(g) AMENDMENT TO THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES.----
"(1) IN GENERAL. --Pursuant to its authority under
section 994 of title 28, United States Code, and in
accordance with this section, the United States
Sentencing Commission shall review and, if appropriate,
amend the sentencing guidelines and its policy
statements applicable to persons convicted of offenses
.involving the trafficking of persons, including peonage,
involuntary servitude, slave trade offenses, worker
exploitation, and possession and trafficking of false
immigration documents to further the exploitation of
workers.
. 28
�"(2)REQUIREMENTS.---In carrying out this section, the
Sentencing Commission shall:
"(a) ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy
statements applicable to the offenses described in
subsection(b)(l) are sufficiently stringent to deter such
offenses and adequately reflect the heinous nature of
such offenses;
"(b) consider conforming the sentencing guidelines
applicable to offenses involving worker exploitation to the
guidelines applicable to peonage, inv.oluntary servitude,
and slave trade offenses;
"(c) consider providing sentencing enhancements for
those convicted of the offenses described in subsection
(b)(l) that---"(i) involve a large number of victims;
"(ii) involve a pattern of continued and flagrant
violations;
"(iii) involve the use or threatened use of a
dangerous weapon;
"(iv) result in the death or bodily injury of any
person.
"(3) EMERGENCY AUTHORITY.----The Commission
may promulgate the guidelines or amendments under
this subsection in accordance with the procedures set
29
�forth in section 21 (a) of the Sentencing Act of 1987, as
though the authority under that Act had not expired."
j•
Other possible sentencing guideline enhancements:
•
public official/ corruption facilitating trafficking
•
bribery and graft in connection with trafficking
•
money laundering of profits
•
organized crime involvement or organized nature of activity,
conspiracy
•
repeated activity -- pattern
•
immigration violation by trafficker
• . sexual assaultjrape/intiation, conditioning
•
use of weapons
•
reckless endangerment- e.g. forced sex leading to HIV I AIDS
SECTION 8. MONITORING INTERNATIONAL PROGRESS
AGAINST TRAFFICKING
(a)
INTERNATIONAL MUTUAL ASSESSMENT
(1) FINDINGS.- The Congress finds that-.
(A) there is a need to monitor the progress of the
United States as well as that of other countries in their
30
�efforts to combat trafficking in persons, particularly
women and children;
(B) the United States has entered into bilateral
arrangements or agreements to monitor its own and other
countries' progress in combating a number of serious
international crimes, including narcotics trafficking;
(C) recent international agreements, such as the
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public
Officials in International Business Transactions
adopted by a conference held under the auspices of
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), which entered into force for the
United States on xxxx, 1998, contain a monitoring
requirement under which parties must cooperate in
carrying out a program of systematic follow-up to
monitor the full implementation of the agreement;
(C) the draft United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime, which, along with its
supplementary Protocol to Prevent,· Suppress and Punish
Trafficking ill Persons, in particular Women and
Children, is currently being negotiated under the
auspices of the United Nations Crime Commission, also
contains a mechanism for mutual assessment of parties'
efforts to combat organized crime, including trafficking in
persons; and
(E) such bilateral or multilateral agreements or
arrangements provide a valuable tool for establishing
benchmarks to measure progress in combating serious
cnmes.
(2) Policy. The President should negotiate bilateral or
, multilateral arrangements or agreements to measure
31
�international progress to combat trafficking. Such
agreements or arrangements should include specific
benchmarks or criteria in the areas of prevention of
trafficking, protection of the victims of trafficking and
prosecution of traffickers.
Or
2) Policy. It is the sense of the Congress that The
President should negotiate bilateral or multilateral
arrangements or agreements to measure international
progress to combat trafficking, and that Such
agreements or arrangements should include specific
benchmarks or criteria in the areas of prevention of
trafficking, protection of the victims of trafficking and
prosecution of traffickers.
(b)
EXPANSION OF TREATMENT IN HUMAN RIGHTS
REPORTS
The Department of State through the Assistant Secretary of
State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Mfairs shall
expand its reporting to Congress as part of its annual Country
Repprts on Human Rights Practices addressing the status of
32
�international trafficking of persons, particularly women and
children, including:
(1)
a description of the nature and extent of trafficking of
persons in each country, and an assessment of the efforts
by countries to combat trafficking through prevention,
protection and assistance for victims and prosecution and
enforcement against traffickers;
(2)
the role of corruption and official cooperation or
complicity in a country's activities.
(3)
[Anything else from Wellstone's or Smith's lengthy list of
reporting requirements or which DOS wants to add can
be included.]
(c)
COOPERATION WITH NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS-
In com piling data and assessing trafficking for the Human
Rights Report or supplemental report(s) on trafficking, United
States mission personnel shall seek out and maintain contacts
33
�with human rights and other nongovernmental organizations,
including receiving reports and updates from such
organizations, and, when appropriate, investigating such
reports. [from Wellstone's draft]
(d)
AUTHORIZATION OF STAFF
The Department of State shall be authorized to [retain?] up to
_
additional staff members to com ply with expanded
reporting responsibilities described in this section.
SECTION 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
·(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO THE
PRESIDENT - To carry out the purposes of this bill, there
are authorized to be appropriated to the President
34
�....
$XO,OOO,OOO for fiscal year 2000 and $XO,OOO,OOO for
fiscal year 20001.
(b) AUTHORIZATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF STATE
[President's Council, DRL, INL, PRM, AID, USIA,
Regional Bureaus, etc.]
(c) AUTHORIZATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
(d)
(e)
AUTHORIZATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
AUTHORIZATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
35
�Vast Trade in Forced Labor
Portrayed in ClA ..Report
.
.
TraffickeTJ Prey on Women and Children·
~·
..
. ··:'.
By JOEL BRINKiEY
'WASHINGTON, April I - As
many as 50,000 women and children .
from Asia, Latin America and East~
j ~· ern Europe are brought to the United .:·
. States under false pretenses each
year artd fOrCed tO WOrk as prOSti• .
tutes, abused laborers or servants .
accordfug to a . Central Intelligenc~ . .
A~ency report .that is the govern- .. .
ment's first comprehensive assess- ·
·• · men(of the problem, · .
·.· . :• ·.
:·~~.'rll~can:!tu]ti.aniiotated·and ¢~"'
; h~.u~pyelyr~~ea~thed: 79-page agen- .
cy report ..,.. InternatiOnal TraffiCk- . .
. mg.in Wom.en tot!le United states: A··
.•. <::q!J(eritporary , Manifestation . of
:. . Sl~':~ry'':~ p~nts a. broad picture of .·
i:• ·•~i,s ~iMen,tra(t~ and qfthe difflcl.ll· .,,
·••· . !ie,s}JJ:a~ ~ovet:tment 'agencies. face .. ·.. ·
m fighting it '
. ·• ..
. . .·
•
.. ' \ '
!;~
wanted. ~he report;~--n~cii;g;· publi·
cized provided a copy. .
i' · It describes case after case of foreign worn, en who answered adverI• .ttsemeJitS. for aU pafr, Sales clerk,
,;; secretarial
waitress jobs in the
·united States but found, once they
I arrived, that' the jobs did not exist.
J Instead ttiey were· taken prisoner,
j.f llel4 ·Uilqer 'guard and fort;ed into
;-1 prostitutiqn or pel:mage.·.some of
the in wer~. fu> fact; sold out:right to
~, brothel ()WQers, thE! rep9rt says.
"Examples of this. may include
i•J Latvian women '.· threatened 'arid
: . ,. f~)rced to d~hce nude in Chicago,'! the
~ , repprt s1;1ys/'. ·Thai·· women·· were
brought to ·.i.heUriited'.States·i'but
.then forted to~ be. virtual sex slaves;"
/~·,·~Qrf,ipj~~~~ 1IJ.!-l:~v~:iril:let,· ilie··~e" cliinese-Korean,womenwere .'~held
.. porHs)JiJ.~ed qn '.rb()re than 150 mter~
; in(IEintured·senrants:•: Anq ~'MeXi~
: ~~W~ : WitQ ;go\i:~rriJrient officbtls
. ~ i~ Can WOrn~n an(J giris; some as .youflg.
law-ei}f&rcemeht .officers . Victim~
. i!. as 14/~ w~re·promisedjobs in house.,
•i!n~ ~xperts. in··the.uniied states and .. ·J[ ,. ·k~plng o.r ,ctiiid care but, upon arrtv~b.foa~Pis ~~~:as h,Ive~tigauve ctoc~
uL al,....were totd they· must work as
.U!fleQ.ts :.a'n<;l. a .f~Vii:Jw Of international ... ·.· .·· i:l , .pi:ostitutes .. iJ1 brothels serv'ing ·mi\. Pt.er~ttlfE7~~ tp~ §ub)~cf. .
,
l;j griititt worli:ets:·• . ·
·
·.
·,:, I,;a~::¢1lt9r~e$~rit· officials: have
h · . (]iris. fr~Jll Asian and African
J,e,en ,.epi~C?9JC::. ~yi:<f~nc~ f~r Years M. · t; ·•·. countries, •:Some ·9 :years · old,. were
;Jr,~ff~C,~¥J~,ilr.iffitpi~f<tntwcirneri and .
(lS~entil:lllY. :'s(ild to·' traffickers l:iy
, ;~~il~r~, s(lrp~:f!:,S YQq!lg as 9. years
·.l.. . .their P;;trel1t.~;uf()r less than . thepn.·ce
()~~- ~11ttfle report. s1;1ys that officers · l
. of ·a toaster," . one government offi.,
..~~.~~r.~_ly (jO}JQ~ ~!'lJP Jake on these . . ;: . · cial sai,d; .~is mainly -happens in
1 c1J.ltures .w~ere fem~ie children ar:e
· . . " ~~<i!l.~e t,Ji¢y ,ar¢ difficult to ·
:
. ig~~e·~anc[.'prosecute. -what is ·· ·~ :. ,not,:valu~d.. Tbe girls are sil;n.iggl!~d
:it9,~f~,iit,sa~s.~.\tn~~~~tion··does· not , .·[' •. iiitptil~;United ~taies ~'1ere;':pt a
·
;~i}(fi~ientJ~ws aimed at thiS· · f · .typi~at;ca:!l~. they are forced to work
'; ..•." . ·.' ~;,:lll~.~irlg tli~t th~ periaities. ·. . iii ... ~~P1:.ai:t' ind~ntu~ed. sexua.l ~ervitude.
: pft~ilJir_e,inspbstantial. ·.. · ,, ·· ·..·
·arrang~mf!;tt, .. :tlJ.e rep?rt s~ys ..
·;; .Cf'wo:ye,~r~:.~gQ;e.l\ttomey.Generai · ·. :', . ;A: ~1geqan smuggling rmg., the.
J~et R¢~o char-tered an inte.ragen· j ~: repoit· says, citing an Imm1gr~tion
,cy t~~ force, Sl;i:Ying; "We are not ' .
.and Naturalization Sei-vice case,
. h!tetest,E!4'in :c0 rit~g moder~-day
; , . c!largei;l · parents.Ofrom that, ¢ountrY:
• slaye.ry; w.e want.to' eradicate. it'~·.·
.: ; $Io;ooo:.tQ.$12,0_QO ~o !)ring th.eir.chil. Th~· i:~Port.m~ntions many effortS to
'i : · · ·.dren ~o:N.ew Yor~ ~o tliey. would have
f~ght_;Jhe 'p,ro~letjl, ·but also. many
: ' "better educational opportunities."
· ·
· •l' · .. But . once · here, the smugglers
. barrt!=rs to domgso.:.
. Overtt;eiast two years, whileup to
.','forced'.the Nigerian children to
10~,000 victims pourE!d into the Unit·
' ·· · :.work as domestics.'.' .
•·· .
. ed, States, \vllere they were heid in
1
Some of these · cases received
bondage, federal officials estimated
f ;, n:ews coverage. when they were dis•!
covered. But they are only a tiny
. that the government prosecuted
cases involving no more than 250
fraction of the problem. T1le report
victims, The Justice Department
/!. . says 700,000 to two million' women
said it could not provide preCise figand children worldwide are victimures.
ized by traffickers each year. AI·
. . The report was prepared by a gov- .
though the numbers who come to the
ernmen~. intelligence analyst who
United States are relatively small,
i •. . the report says that the problem "is
was working on assignment to the
. C.I.A. While the report is not classil·.·::·jl likely to increase in the United
States."
.fied, it has not been made .public.
!
At a conference in Manila this
AnOther government OffiCial WhO
I r
1 · week, delegates from 23 Asian coun: : tries called on governments to. seize
T the profits of the crime syndicates
l involved. A. Filipino group estimated
; those profits at up to $17 .billion a
j year.
.·1,
J·
·or
r
':J
J.
as
.
ll :
,,.•·
'. ·, >.....-
·~.
·.·.:.·
"
f .,
li
·
..
H
;
.··.
'•'"-
:\'
:r.• ·,
'!-''.
f;
··'·
\'';. , '
:··.··
H .·
,
�'i
l
The countries that are the primary
sources for traffickers are Thailand
Vietnam, China, Mexico, Russia and
i the Czech Republic, the report says.
l Other countries that are increa.singly
'
·.1 • providing victims include the Philippines, Ko. rea, Malaysia, Latvia, Hun-
tablished two years ago to coordi- · t
nate federal efforts to fight the prob- 1
leni . meets every two or three
months. It sponsors training semi- 1
nars for law-enforcement personnel ~·
I
and pilot projects for victims, among .··
other efforts. The Justice Depart- · '
t gary, Poland, Brazil and Honduras,
ment set up a h.ot line for victims, j
. · the report says.
.
f The I.N.S., one of several federal
staffed during business hours, Mon:r agencies with jurisdiction in this .
day through Friday.
.
area, noted in. an internal assessOther federal officials, and the re:~ ment last fall that agents had found
port itself, say the government's efd•
.
i ·
forts are often fragmented and inef;:: 250 brothels in 26 cities that. ap- 1
fectual. Many agencies have theor'et·
: peared to be hqlding trafficking vic- l
ical jurisdiction - .the Federal Bu~ ·., ..
' ti!Ils. It was not always easy to tell, j.
reau of Investigation, the I.N.S., the
.
! the C.I.A. report says, because the
Department of Labor; the State De-.
i Victims generally did not spt;:ak Engpartment, ami;ing otheJ;S -but. none ~
Ush and might have been even.more
. of them see trafficking of women and
1·
afraid lof law-enforcement officers
· ·:children as their clear responsibility, L·· . ·
than of thew captors. After· raiding
oi: as a desirable· assignment be·
o.ne of ~ese brothels, the in}mlgtacause "investigating trafficking and .
tlon offiCers generally move to deslavery cases is arduous" and unreI
port the women because they are in ·
wardirig, the report says.
i
..tpe .country illegally, ·Often. the offlc
...... Even wnen.trafflckers are convict·
1·.
<;ials do not have enough infox:mation ·
e!J, the pemllties are usually light, In.
to prosecute their: captors:··.·. · ·. .·
ract. there are tew<federal or'state
. . Government offieials. said the
laws ahned ~irectly afthiS crime.
1
. problem is ·not new; ,but the scope .
· One federal :law does .forbid "sale
'
.: seems to have increased in recent · .
into invob.inta'ry serVitude.'~ It·· tar- {
c• years. 11te 'biggest ·reason is that'·
. ' .. ries.a miD!:imum perialty oflO years
,
. in prison; •NI!lliY recent traffickmg
I .•
· sinte .• the ·mid-1990's, ·ini.ffickerl
fro~. Russia ~d the :torrne( repul:);;' ...> ··
.j~oriv.ictioil~ li!l.ve .prought sentences
l-·
Ii.c~:()r_th~ Sov1et Union have 'agg.res( . ·
·.· that~ereis~oi:ter
that. . .
SlVely: ~lltered ·th~ b~sineSl;;.taJdl)(i.;t :, .. i(
. ' 'Jri one. cai;e:ia5f yeiu involving 'lO .. •·, .
ad:Va{ltage ··of· women f.rom< .thooe'/ .:·.,.
·• Tliai'Ia:boters ·~:Whri,had' been held· . 1
· · ;ountrl~s;ivho ·are looking !fieWest!< · : ..• _;: ~: ~ llbga_inst •.~e!r ;'flll;,;:systematic~ly .. i .. :
1
•!)r:opportimities.·:· : ·..·· .··; ·· .:c·· · ·• · ·aused·:and· matle.tp:·work 20-hour
' •','Jt!s1 accelerated tremendously iii' ' .. >·~,
shifis· in a· sweatShop," the reilort · ~•. ·
the. last 10 years;'!.· said. Donna
'siiys, sev!m defendants received sen~
Hughes; 'dir,ecfur·· of· the .wornen!s'.
: teric,es of·;four:toi!!eVeri years; one
!.
·Studies Programat theUniversity•of':~
: l:eceiVed.seven.moriths, ·.·: · · · ·
i
~o~~ J~lan~ Sh~ has: monJtOted the.::,:
...;'.·.>.'-~~1}1~~-;~~-~: IJeh~~i~s·: and_ th~-~9n~,. IssuE; for·.· a. dec~~e;· ·~Ali imi;ii:lriarit ••.
.'complicated. an<;!· resot'frce-interisive •
. reason J~ that therer~ .increased mi. '. nature rit 't~<!Ifkking cases. tend to
i ..
· . gration of women now for purjJoses
111ake thelll.·. tinattractlve to many .. ~
qt work:.• •. · · ·•:. • ; , · • . '. , .
u:·s: attoi11eys;'~ ttie repor\:says; · · .
•· A. C. LA:; analyst d!!rjV.ed
esti•
. .> DeStlite intim:ist' in the is~me fmm . ·.~
mate.of 50;IJ:!)O .victims. per year. fr'Qm
tile' Clin~{m- adinmistr4ti.on; gavem- ·
public and classified intelligence
.,ment-offidals said, few resources . }·
data, a:goyem111ent officiatsrud•·Nci
havi:i.~n.devot~ to, it.
,,·,. · i ·
comparable·.estlmates•.were made'in,_.,,.
· /'We· have hundreds ·and· hundre<;ls. , l .
.·previous years, tile Qfficlal.sa:t<i• l:lui ,,:
ofgoverrim~nt analysts lookirtg at
;.:
the ;\\'ide!Jpr~l!d -?Pinion afti0ng:~gi:iv- .
:drugs; atms, economic issues.~'-.a
e~ment officials ·was ~that the num:.- :~ . ·
· government officialsaid. '~But har-d·
ber WaS much. sin;:Uier-10 yeru:s: ago;·..· .
..• ly anyune is thls.'.! .· ·. . ' · .· ..
· One reason foUhe :s·crutiny ofthe '
. two pen)ilng bills; iri the House and.
problem now is that GUn ton. adiriin- ·
the sen.ate, would iricrease prison
• ·istration · officials;· ·!ntbJ.ding Secre- •
. time for traffickers;- provide· assist•
··: tary of. State Madelejl)e:K; Albright ... '.· •::
·ance for. victims .and Increase reand Attorney General ~eno, in addi· ·.
sources and train!rig for law,enforce·
·
· ·.. ':.'
: ·.
:nlent~fficer~:.
·:
··-: . _.-.
!
.<
!
"'·"
I
t
.;_
1
ihan
i.
to
;
:::.
t
l .· ·
!
tile
! ..
on
•affi::
~-~~.L,.a
....·•,·.·
1i,, 'c.t.er.·.,. uu~,•h·t·. .
R.
.. A1TI a.nd·A_.s,·.·a··.n . ,
.c..~can
.
o10
• .I
,
·
for less .f.h.an th.:e . ~.. .
l
.... pnce Ofa toaster. ' .·
glT..IS
·.,··:1
.--tion to the first hidy, Hillary Rodham
· Clinton, have spoken out on the issue
The ~<!Sk force tha~ Ms. Reno es~
1
.,
.De~ait~~~tt~~~bf~u~e::u!J~: l·
port on trafficking arid recommend
sanctions against countries that are
not, in the administration's view,
·fighting if aggressively enough. This
would be. similar to the annual State
·Department reports on human rights
and drug trafficking. But the department strongly opposes this idea,
threatening the bills.
Althougp the C.I.A. report was distributed within the government last
November, it does not appear to be
getting much attention.
"No one really knows what do with
it," one government official said.
"I'm not sure people are really focusing on this."
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
First Lady's Work on Children’s Issues and Women’s Rights
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White House Office of Records Management (WHORM)
Caligraphy Office
Chief of Staff
Domestic Policy Council
First Lady’s Office
Management & Administration
Millennium Council
Public Liaison
Special Envoy for the Americas
Women’s Initiative and Outreach
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995-2000
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36054" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0198-F Segment 4
Description
An account of the resource
<p>This collection contains records regarding conferences and events attended and hosted by the First Lady, Hillary Rodham Clinton. The key events in this collection consist of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, Vital Voices, Beijing +5, and the Early Childhood Development Conference. The records include background materials in preparation for each of these conferences.</p>
<p>This collection contains records from the following offices: White House Office of Records Management, Calligraphy Office, Chief of Staff, Domestic Policy Council, First Lady's Office, Speechwriting, Management & Administration, Millennium Council, Public Liason, Special Envoy for the Americas, and Women’s Initiative and Outreach. The collection includes records created by: Ann Lewis, Harold Ickes, Cheryl Mills, Linda Cooper, Ann Bartley, Lisa Caputo, Lissa Muscatine, Marsha Berry, Eric Massey, Nicole Rabner, Shirley Sagawa, Christine Macy, June Shih, Laura Schiller, Melanne Verveer, Alexis Herman, Ruby Moy, and Doris Matsui.</p>
<p>This collection was was made available through a <a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/freedom-of-information-act-requests">Freedom of Information Act</a> request.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Office of Records Managment
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Date Created
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11/14/2014
Extent
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301 folders in 30 boxes
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Trafficking: Vital Voices [4]
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 25
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/2006/2006-0198-F-4.pdf">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/2068127">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Creator
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First Lady’s Office
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0198-F Segment 4
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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11/14/2014
Source
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42-t-20060198f4-025-006
1766805