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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/d0f0b2d4dcf3f4a0baabc44d77f08d80.pdf
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NLWJC - KAGAN
EMAILS RECEIVED
ARMS - BOX 090 - FOLDER -002
[02/20/1999 - 0212111999]
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Page 1 of 3
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Andrew J. Mayock ( CN=Andrew J. Mayock/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:20-FEB-1999 11:03:57.00
SUBJECT:
DGA Policy Meeting TODAY
TO: Matthew S. Vamvakis
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=Matthew S. Vamvakis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Raynell K. Morris ( CN=Raynell K. Morris/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: William H. White Jr.
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=william H. White Jr./OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Mickey Ibarra ( CN=Mickey Ibarra/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Minyon Moore ( CN=Minyon Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn L. Smalls ( CN=Dawn L. Smalls/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Joshua Gotbaum ( CN=Joshua Gotbaum/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ann F. Lewis ( CN=Ann F. Lewis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Rebecca L. Walldorff
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Cathy R. Mays
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=Rebecca L. Walldorff/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
( CN=Cathy R. Mays/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
TO: Patrice L. Stanley ( CN=Patrice L. Stanley/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Todd A. Bledsoe ( CN=Todd A. Bledsoe/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Maria E. Soto ( CN=Maria E. Soto/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Fred DuVal
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=Fred DuVal/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Sara M. Latham ( CN=Sara M. Latham/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Kevin S. Moran ( CN=Kevin S. Moran/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
�~ARMS Email System
Page 2 of 3
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Steve Ricchetti ( CN=Steve Ricchetti/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn v. Woollen ( CN=Dawn V. Woollen/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ruby Shamir ( CN=Ruby Shamir/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Simeona F. Pasquil ( CN=Simeona F. Pasquil/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
As of now, there is no WH pre-meeting scheduled for the WH portion of the
DGA policy meeting this afternoon at 3:30pm.
Therefore, unless things
change, we'll proceed as follows:
Secretary Riley, Secretary Shalala, John, Steve, Minyon, Mickey, Fred,
Ann, and Josh will all meet outside the meeting room ((Polaris Room at the
Concourse enter thru 13th & Penn).
The meeting will be in progress at this time.
5: 30pm.
It goes
fro~
2:30pm -
The WH staff will enter at 3:30pm and take their seats together at a
hollow square table.
John then Sec Riley then Sec Shalala will speak, and
then it is open question and answer time.
At 4:30pm, WH staff will depart.
Thanks.
Page me if you have any questions. -A
---------------------- Forwarded by Andrew J. Mayock/WHO/EOP on 02/20/99
09:53 AM ---------------------------
Andrew J. Mayock
02/19/99 06:39:00 PM
Record Type: Record
To: See the distribution list at the bottom of this message
cc: See the distribution list at the bottom of this message
Subject: DGA Meeting this Saturday -TIME CHANGE TO 3:30PM
The time for the for the DGA policy meeting has changed to 3:30pm.
Someone will be waiting to meet your principal outside the room at the
IntI Trade Building at 3:15pm so that the entire group can enter at
3:30pm, which will be in the midst of the afternoon's meeting (2:30pm 5:30pm).
The program will last an hour, and I believe that all WH staff
and the two secretaries will be sitting at the same table with the
governors.
Page me if there are any problems please.
Thanks.
---------------------- Forwarded by Andrew J. Mayock/WHO/EOP on 02/19/99
�" , "ARMS Email System
05:33 PM ---------------------------
Andrew J. Mayock
02/18/99 01:19:02 PM
Record Type: Record
To: Cathy R. Mays/OPD/EOP, Ruby Shamir/WHO/EOP, Rebecca L.
Walldorff/WHO/EOP, Dawn V. Woollen/OMB/EOP
cc:
Subject: DGA Meeting this Saturday - Confirmation
Bruce, Ann, Josh and Steve should go to the Polaris Room at the Concourse
of Ronald Reagan Building (enter thru 13th & Penn) .
The WH will have an hour of the DGA's three hour session.
Our hour is
approx 3-4pm.
Therefore your principal should be there from 2:45pm 4:00pm.
am sending out a short briefing-type paper to you tomorrow so they have
info on agenda, speakers issues, etc.
I
Thanks.
---------------------- Forwarded by Andrew J. Mayock/WHO/EOP on 02/18199
11:52 AM ---------------------------
Andrew
Page 30f3
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RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
Page 1 of 2
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Andrew J. Mayock ( CN=Andrew J. Mayock/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:20-FEB-1999 12:16:53.00
SUBJECT:
FYI: Governors & Sunday Shows
TO: Matthew S. Vamvakis ( CN=Matthew S. Vamvakis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Raynell K. Morris ( CN=Raynell K. Morris/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: William H. White Jr.
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=William H. White Jr./OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Mickey Ibarra ( CN=Mickey Ibarra/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Minyon Moore ( CN=Minyon Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn L. Smalls ( CN=Dawn L. Smalls/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Joshua Gotbawm ( CN=Joshua Gotbawm/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ann F. Lewis ( CN=Ann F. Lewis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Rebecca L. Walldorff ( CN=Rebecca L. Walldorff/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Cathy R. Mays ( CN=Cathy R. Mays/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: James T. Heimbach ( CN=James T. Heimbach/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Patrice L. Stanley ( CN=Patrice L. Stanley/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Todd A. Bledsoe ( CN=Todd A. Bledsoe/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Maria E. So to ( CN=Maria E. Soto/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Fred DuVal ( CN=Fred DuVal/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Sara M. Latham ( CN=Sara M. Latham/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Kevin S. Moran ( CN=Kevin S. Moran/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
�IJ'• ARMS Email System
.
Page 2 of 2
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Steve Ricchetti ( CN=Steve Ricchetti/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn V. Woollen ( CN=Dawn V. Woollen/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ruby Shamir ( CN=Ruby Shamir/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Simeona F. Pasquil ( CN=Simeona F. Pasquil/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
FYI - Here's the governors' cut from this weekend's Sunday shows (thanks
to Mark Neschis) ...
THIS WEEK (ABC)
Topic: New York Senate Race
Guest: New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani
Topic: Future of Republican Party
Guest: Gary Bauer, Family Research Council, Michigan Governor John Engler
Topic: Unions
Guest: AFL-CIO President John Sweeney (taped)
Roundtable:
, William Kristol, George Stephanopoulos
MEET THE PRESS
(NBC)
Topic: Governors' Agenda
Guest: Minnesota Governor Jesse Ventura, California Governor Gray Davis,
New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman
Topic: New York Senate Race, Congressional Agenda
Guest: Sen. Torricelli, Sen. McConnell
EVANS, NOVAK, SHIELDS & HUNT (CNN)
Topic: Governors' Agenda
Guest: Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating
*Al Hunt is the co-host
�~;",
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RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
Page 1 of 2
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Jennifer M. Luray ( CN=Jennifer M. Luray/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:20-FEB-1999 12:21:35.00
SUBJECT:
SENIOR STAFF BRIEFING ON NARAL's "CHOICE FOR AMERICA" CAMPAIGN
TO: Marsha E. Berry ( CN=Marsha E. Berry/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Janet Murguia ( CN=Janet Murguia/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Steve Ricchetti ( CN=Steve Ricchetti/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Katharine Button ( CN=Katharine Button/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Sylvia M. Mathews ( CN=Sylvia M. Mathews/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Minyon Moore.( CN=Minyon Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Paul E. Begala ( CN=Paul E. Begala/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ann F. Lewis ( CN=Ann F. Lewis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Michael Waldman ( CN=Michael Waldman/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Christopher C. Jennings ( CN=Christopher C. Jennings/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Sally Katzen ( CN=Sally Katzen/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Mary E. Cahill ( CN=Mary E. Cahill/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Karen Tramontano ( CN=Karen Tramontano/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Douglas B. Sosnik ( CN=Douglas B. Sosnik/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Maria Echaveste ( CN=Maria Echaveste/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Kelley L. O'Dell ( CN=Kelley L. O'Dell/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
�I
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'-ARMS Email System
Page 2 of 2
READ:UNKNOWN
CC: Ilia V. Velez ( CN=Ilia V. Velez/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Cathy R. Mays ( CN=Cathy R. Mays/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
CC: Laura Emmett ( CN=Laura Emmett/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Janet L. Graves ( CN=Janet L. Graves/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Jocelyn A. Bucaro ( CN=Jocelyn A. Bucaro/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
CC: Carolyn T. Wu ( CN=Carolyn T. Wu/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Dominique L. Cano ( CN=Dominique L. Cano/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNQWN
CC: Leslie Bernstein ( CN=Leslie Bernstein/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Robin Leeds ( CN=Robin Leeds/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Mindy E. Myers ( CN=Mindy E. Myers/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
CC: Shannon Mason ( CN=Shannon Mason/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Tracy Pakulniewicz ( CN=Tracy Pakulniewicz/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
CC: Sara M. Latham ( CN=Sara M. Latham/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Marjorie Tarmey ( CN=Marjorie Tarmey/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Over the last year, there have been many discussions about how to shift
the message on choice. NARAL's new innovative campaign, "Choice for
America," is aiming to do just that.
This unprecedented, multi-million dollar effort will consist of paid
advertising, marketing, aggressive grassroots organizing and community
outreach in 36 selected communities.
Kate Michelman has requested your participation in a briefing to review
the "Choice for America" campaign in order to hear your feedback. Harrison
Hickman, the leading pollster on choice issues, will also share his latest
findings.
Ann and I invite you to meet with Kate on Wednesday, Feb. 24th
at 4 pm in the Ward Room. We appreciate your taking time out of your busy
schedules for this one-hour meeting.
Please have your staff RSVP to Kelley O'Dell (x6-7300). Thank you.
�-ARMS
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RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
Page 1 of 1
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Thomas L. Freedman ( CN=Thomas L. Freedman/OU=OPD/O=EOP [ OPD ] )
CREATION DATE/TIME:20-FEB-1999 14:27:51.00
SUBJECT:
Draft council reponse to NAS report
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ] )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Mary L. Smith ( CN=Mary L. Smith/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ] )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ] )
READ: UNKNOWN
CC: Laura Emmett ( CN=Laura Emmett/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO]
READ: UNKNOWN
)
TEXT:
Attached are the draft executive summary and full response to the NAS
report.
On the crucial question of single food agency the executive
summary reads:
"The Council supports the goal of NAS recommendation IlIa
Here, the NAS calls for a new statute that establishes a unified
framework for food safety programs with a single official with control
over all federal food safety resources.
The report aCknowledges that
there may be many organizational approaches to achieving the goal of a
O&single voiceD8 for federal food safety activities. As recommended by
the NAS, the Council will conduct an assessment of structural models that
would strengthen the federal food safety system through better
coordination, planning, and resource allocation."
You should meet with Neal Lane this week to agree on strategy for next
steps. Also, I am sending you a draft plan for moving responsibilities
around and where the relevant players would stand on it. ==================== ATTACH
ATT CREATION TIME/DATE:
0 00:00:00.00
TEXT:
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Council on Food Safety
Assessment of the NAS Report
Ensuring Safe Food from Production to Consumption
Americans have one of the world's safest food supplies. This is largely a result of sustained
education and research efforts along the farm to table continuum as well as surveillance and
regulatory programs. The federal food safety system is comprised of 12 agencies, is
authorized by a diverse set of statutes, and is supported by numerous key partnerships with
state, local, and tribal governments.
Together these agencies have created a system that
has given U.S. consumers confidence in the safety of their food purchases.
As good as the nation's food safety system is, it must improved. Illnesses and deaths due to
contaminated food continue to cause considerable human suffering and economic loss. That
is why, at the very beginning of his first term, President Clinton set a course to strengthen the
nation's food safety system. Under the President's leadership, surveillance and research
have dramatically increased, programs are better coordinated, and regulations are more
science-based. But this is only the beginning. The Council on Food Safety, with the help
of the public, will continue to identify problems and promote solutions.
The Council welcomes the input provided by the National Academy of Sciences in its August
1998 report Ensuring Safe Food From Production to Consumption. This report lays out a
clear rationale for a national food safety plan, one that is based on science and risk.
The Council supports NAS recommendation I, which states that the food safety system
should be based on science. In this .assessment of the NAS report, the Council provides
numerous examples of where this is already the case and examples of areas that need to be
strengthened.
.
The Council supports NAS recommendation IIa, which calls for federal statutes to be
based on scientifically supportable assessments of risk to public health. In this regard, the
Council will conduct a thorough review of existing statutes and determine what can be
accomplished with existing regulatory flexibility and what improvements will require statutory
changes.
The Council supports NAS recommendation lIb, which calls for the production of a
comprehensive national food safety plan. In fact, the development of such a plan is already
well underway and one of the primary functions of the Council as specified in Executive Order
13100. A key component of the plan will be a comparative risk assessment of the nation's food
supply.
The Council supports the goal of NAS recommendation IlIa. Here, the NAS calls
for a new statute that establishes a unified framework for food safety programs with a single
official with control over all federal food safety resources. The report acknowledges that there
may be many organizational approaches to achieving the goal of a "single voice" for federal food
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safety activities. . As recommended by the NAS, the Council will conduct an assessment of
structural models that would strengthen the federal food safety system through better
coordination, planning, and resource allocation.
The Council supports NAS recommendation IIIb. This recommendation argues that
agencies should have the legal partnering tools needed to unify their efforts with state and local
governments. Fortunately, federal food safety agencies already have many of the tools
identified by the NAS and have used them to establish extensive partnerships with state, tribal,
and local governments. However, some tools are missing and much more needs to be done to
better coordinate the federal government's interactions with other levels of government. As
part of the Council's strategic plan, the National Integrated Food Safety System project will
identify barriers to effective partnering and recommend ways to overcome them.
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President's Council on Food Safety Assessment of the NAS Report:
Ensuring Safe Food from Production to Consumption
At the request of Congress, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) conducted a
study of the current food safety system'to: (1) determine the scientific basis of an
effective food safety system; (2) assess the effectiveness ofthe current system; (3)
identify scientific and organizational needs and gaps at the federal level; and (4)
provide recommendations on scientific and organizational changes needed to ensure
an effective food safety system, To conduct this study, the NAS established a
committee and obtained input from federal agencies and other stakeholders of the
federal food safety system. The NAS issued its report on August 20, 1998.
On August 25, 1998, through Executive Order 13100, the President established the
Council and charged it to develop a comprehensive strategic plan for federal food
safety activities and to make recommendations to the President on how to implement
the plan. Also on August 25, 1998, the President issued a directive tasking the
Council to provide him with an assessment of the NAS report in 180 days.
Specifically, the President directed:
" ... the Council to review and respond to this report as one of its first orders of
business. After providing opportunity for public comment, including public
meetings, the Council shall report back to me within 180 days with its views on
the NAS=s recommendations. In developing its report, the Council should take
into account the comprehensive strategic federal food safety plan that it will be
developing. "
In response to the President's directive, the Council established a task force
consisting of representatives from the following departments and agencies: OSTP,
HHS, USDA, EPA, OMB, and DOC. The task force benefited from valuable input
obtained at four public meetings (Arlington, V A; Sacramento, CA; Chicago, IL; and
Dallas, TX) and from public comment dockets maintained by EPA, FSIS, and FDA.
1
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In general, the Council finds the NAS report a constructive contribution to its efforts
to improve the effectiveness of the federal food safety system through strengthening
science and risk assessment, strategic planning, and better federal integration with
state and local governments. In particular, the NAS places appropriate weight
throughout its report on applying science to the management of government food
safety efforts. The Council believes that science based food safety surveillance and
inspection are very important elements of the nation's food safety system.
The NAS report also recommends that the nation's food safety system should be
based on risk. The Council agrees with the report's thesis that a food safety system
that includes regulation, research and development, education, inspection and
enforcement, and surveillance should be based on science and should use various risk
analyses including quantitative and qualitative risk assessments and risk management
principles to achieve such a system.
The Council recognizes that a food safety system comprised of 12 agencies with
differing missions and statutory authority may increase the potential for uneven
adoption and inconsistent application of regulatory philosophies based on science.
However, the Council believes that through implementation of its strategic plan
(including its assessment of existing statutes and structure) the potential for uneven
adoption and inconsistent application among federal agencies will be reduced. The
Council is committed to identifying further improvements that would result in a
seamless science-based food safety system.
Recommendation I
Base the food safety system on science.
The NAS report notes that the United States has enjoyed notable successes in
improving food safety and that with increasing knowledge, many rational, sciencebased regulatory philosophies have been adopted. The report suggests, however, that
2
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adoption of these regulatory philosophies has been uneven and difficult to ensure
given the fragmentation of food safety activities, and the differing missions of the
various agencies responsible for specific components offood safety. The greatest
strides in ensuring food safety from production to consumption, the NAS argued, can
be made through a scientific, risk-based system that ensures surveillance, regulatory,
research, educational resources are allocated to maximize effectiveness.
Council Assessment
The Council strongly endorses this recommendation. Many federal food safety
programs are already, or are being modified to be science-based.
The Council
recognizes that scientifically robust programs will result in better identification of
public health needs, determination of the most effective means of reducing public
health risk including the most cost-effective opportunities for improvement, and
priority setting.
The scientific information generated through surveillance, research, and risk
assessment efforts will result in improved food safety only ifthere is a commensurate
strong effort to translate that scientific information into practical, usable information
at the working level, e.g., through guidance or education. This means there must be
education for all those involved in producing, manufacturing, transporting, and
preparing food as well as for those persons involved in government food safety
regulatory activities.
The Council's goal is to ensure that science and risk based decision-making are
central to the Administration's on-going efforts and its strategic plan. Fortunately,
considerable improvements have been made over the past several years. The strong
scientific underpinnings ofthe President's Food Safety Initiative, enactment of the
Food Quality Protection Act (FQP A), restructuring of food safety agencies within
USDA, and many individual agency activities, such as implementation ofHACCP
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programs for meat, poultry, and seafood, have strengthened the overall science base
of the food safety system.
The Council believes that the necessary elements of a science-based programsurveillance, outbreak response, risk assessment, research, inspection, and education
of stakeholders-are largely in place, and that improvements planned for the next 510 years will enhance food safety. Specifically, the Council will consider in its
strategic plan the following elements of a science-based food safety system:
•
Surveillance. Food safety agencies will continue to develop more effective ways
to achieve surveillance goals and to monitor the safety of the food supply.
Although FoodNet (foodborne outbreak monitoring system), PulseNet (foodborne
pathogen DNA fingerprinting system), and the National Antibiotic Resistance
Monitoring System (NARMS) provide information never before available in the
United States on foodborne illnesses and the occurrence of antibiotic resistant
pathogens, enhanced quantitative data on the entire range of infectious and noninfectious foodborne hazards will require additional efforts.
•
Risk assessment. Risk assessment is a valuable tool for setting priorities,
allocation of resources, and regulatory decision-making. The development of a
comparative risk assessment for hazards in the food supply will be an important
aspect of both strategic planning and budgeting. As currently done for chemical
hazards such as pesticide residues, the federal government needs to create and use
a national microbial risk assessment capability as a means of identifying hazards
and quantifying risk and assist in creating similar capacities internationally. EPA
will use risk assessment to determine acceptable levels of pesticides residues.
Under FQP A, this approach has been strengthened to further protect all
consumers, and especially children, from the risks of pesticides in their diet.
•
Research. Through the Joint Institute for Food Safety Research, a research
infrastructure has been established to improve and coordinate food safety research
activities across the federal government. The Institute will continue a critical
review of the federally supported food safety research that was begun through the
4
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National Science and Technology Council. Future goals in the area of research
include: coordination of research planning, budget development, and
prioritization; scientific support offood safety guidance, policy, and regulation;
enhanced communication and links among federal agencies; and enhanced
communication and links with industry and academic partners through use of
public-private partnerships and technology transfer mechanisms.
•
Education. Food safety agencies will expand science-based education and
training programs for producers, processors, distributors, food service workers,
and consumers as well as those involved in regulatory activities. It is essential to
include in these programs new scientific information on foodborne hazards and
their control and effective food safety management strategies.
•
Inspection/Preventive Controls. USDA and FDA will further improve and
evaluate the effectiveness of inspections of domestically and internationally
produced food and will continue to develop and implement science-based
preventive controls such as RACCP systems and the Good Agricultural Practices.
Where necessary, regulatory requirements will be established, such as additional
performance standards for pathogen reduction that can be developed as more
monitoring and surveillance data become available.
•
ConSistency of Science-Based Standards. USDA, FDA, and EPA will work
toward clear food safety standards nationally and internationally. The Conference
for Food Production brings together all 50 states for purposes of regulating retail
establishments, and the Food Code is gaining wider adoption among the states.
Internationally, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is the primary
mechanism through which these activities will take place. U.S. food safety
agencies should also become more active in providing technical assistance to
developing countries.
•
Private Sector Incentives. The federal and state regulatory agencies will work
with the private sector to develop new technologies to further food safety and to
encourage commercial scale-up applicable in large and small companies, and
industry adoption. A research effort with industry, consumer, academic, and
government participation could develop new technologies and evaluate them.
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•
Evaluation. Evaluating the effectiveness of science based regulatory programs
continues to be critical. For example, Salmonella data from the first year of
HACCP implementation in poultry facilities show a trend toward fewer
contaminated products. Also, by providing important information on trends in the
incidence ofinfections with foodborne pathogens, FoodNet assists in the
evaluation of the effect of preventive controls. The effect of preventive controls
implemented by the dairy industry on the reduction in the number of cases of
listeriosis was readily apparent in a CDC-conducted case-control study that was a
forerunner of FoodNet.
Scientific Challenges
The Council faces a number of challenges in improving the scientific basis of the
food safety system. A general Challenge is that while food safety agencies must be
guided primarily by science, the agencies must also consider other factors such as
technical limitations, statutory mandates, policy considerations, budget constraints,
practicality, and consumer assurances and societal preferences. Science must be
advanced within the context of these competing interests. The following are a few
examples of actions that would strengthen the scientific underpinnings of federal food
safety efforts:
•
Emerging new pathogens, changing food habits, a global food supply, and a
changing population require new data that are difficult to predict and obtain in a
timely way. An example is the impact of E. coli 0157:H7, which was unknown.
as a foodborne pathogen 20 years ago, but has been responsible for major
outbreaks of foodborne illness in recent years.
•
Gaps exist in our knowledge of microbial pathogens and in our ability to measure
their impact on human health. For example, there are gaps in knowledge about
the pathogens associated with fresh fruits and vegetables and the routes of
contamination.
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•
Assessment of cumulative risk from multiple sources presents a major scientific
challenge.
requir~s
Implementation of the new FQPA standards for pesticide residues
EPA to assess aggregate risk from food, water, and residential exposure
as well as cumulative risk from multiple pesticides.
•
Gaps exist in our knowledge of monitoring and detection of food contaminants.
For example, our current knowledge is insufficient to detect and monitor the
presence of non-indigenous pathogens or unapproved pesticides on food.
•
Gaps exist in our knowledge of effective interventions, prevention, and
alternatives that minimize contamination offood. For example, the existing level
of knowledge is insufficient to develop on-farm preventive controls and systems
of testing. With the advent ofFQPA, more research is also needed to develop
safer pesticide alternatives or crop production techniques in order to ease the
transition from older pest control techniques to newer, safer ones.
•
Insufficient data exist on the entire range of infectious and non-infectious
foodborne hazards. Even with the improvements made through FoodNet and
PulseN et, enhancement of quantitative data on the entire range of infectious and
non-infectious foodbome hazards will strengthen monitoring and surveillance
programs for prevention, early identification, and prediction of emerging food
safety problems.
Examples of Recent Changes that Strengthen the
Federal Food Safety System Scientific Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
USDA 1994 reorganization (separated public health
from marketing functions)
HACCP implementation (12/97 seafood and 1/98 meat
and poultry)
FQP A enactment and implementation
FoodNetlPulseNet established
FDA Fresh Produce Guidelines released
Joint Institute for Food Safety Research created
Research funding increased
Food Safety Research Database initiated
Annual Food Safety Research Conference held
Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium established
Risk Assessment Clearinghouse established
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Recommendation IIa
Congress should change federal statutes so that inspection, enforcement, and
research efforts can be based on scientifically supportable assessments of risks to
public health.
The report identifies a need for a "national food law that is clear, rational, and
comprehensive, as well as scientifically based on risk" as a major component of a
model food safety system. The report concludes it is necessary to revise the current
statutes on food safety to create a comprehensive national food law under which:
•
Inspection, enforcement, and research efforts can be based on a scientifically
supportable assessment of risks to public health. This means eliminating the
continuous inspection system for meat and poultry and replacing it with a sciencebased approach that is capable of detecting hazards of concern.
•
There is a single set of flexible science-based regulations for all foods that allows
resources to be assigned based on risk, that permits coordination of federal and
state resources, and that makes it possible to address all risks from farm to table.
•
All imported foods come only from countries with food safety standards
equivalent to U.S. standards.
The NAS report states that the lawsXparticularly what the report characterizes as the
requirement that there be continuous inspection of meat and poultry production
through sight, smell, and touch (Aorganoleptic:) inspectionXcreate inefficiencies, do
not allow resource use to reflect the risks involved, and inhibit the use of scientific
decision-making in activities related to food safety, including the monitoring of
imported food.
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Council Assessment
The report's recommendation that federal statutes provide agencies with authority to
make decisions based on scientific assessments of risks to the public health is sound.
Decisions based on public health risk assessments allow agencies to make effective
use of science to set food safety priorities, allocate resources to higher risk areas, and
instill consumer confidence that high-risk hazards are being addressed.
Since the federal food safety regulatory agencies operate under very different
legislative authorities, the Council will conduct a full assessment of these statutes and
evaluate the degree of regulatory flexibility that already exists. Therefore, the
Council recommends that a legislative review be undertaken as part of the strategic
planning process. The purpose of the review would be to: 1) examine the similarities
and differences in federal food safety statutes; 2) identify the "best" statutory
approaches for reducing foodbome illness; and 3) assess both gaps and statutory
barriers to implementation of the plan. The need for statutory changes could then be
determined, and, if necessary, legislative principles developed which would form the
basis for discussions with stakeholders and Congress. For example, given the recent
overhaul of pesticide legislation, the Council believes that further statutory changes
may not be needed for pesticides at this time.
In some cases, the NAS report overstates the problem with existing statutory
requirements. For example, the report concludes that the statutes require the current
method of organoleptic inspection of all carcasses. Even though the current law
requires continuous inspection, it does not specify how this inspection mandate is to
be carried out. The statutes do require appropriate examination of ariimals prior to
slaughter and examination post-slaughter at all official slaughter and processing
facilities. This continuous inspection requirement for animals is important to ensure
use of the best sanitary dressing processes, prevention of fecal contamination (which
harbors the pathogens that cause disease), reduction in the incidence of diseasecausing pathogens, and prevention of meat from diseased animals from entering the
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fO<;Jd supply. Inspection of all animals and carcasses also serves to protect the public
from diseases and other hazards to human health. Europe's experience with Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) should serve as a reminder that wholesale
elimination of inspection of all animals and carcasses is not the most prudent course
of action.
USDA has the flexibility to create, and in fact has begun to develop and test, a more
risk based inspection system by adopting regulations requiring that HACCP be
implemented in all slaughter and processing plants. USDA is also studying how best
to effect further inspection improvements in the future.
The food safety agencies have achieved and can continue to accomplish significant
science-based improvements in their food safety programs under current authorities.
However, new authorities that would improve the federal food safety system have
been proposed by the President and are waiting action by Congress or have been
identified and are in need of Executive branch clearance before a formal legislative
proposal can be advanced for congressional consideration. Further analysis of the
statutes may result in additional proposed statutory modifications.
Current Legislative Challenges
Congress should pass:
•
the Food Safety Enforcement Enhancement Act, forwarded by the Clinton
Administration and introduced during the last Congress that increases the
enforcement capabilities of USDA; and
•
legislation that gives FDA increased authority to effectively assure the safety of
food imports.
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The Administration should also explore areas where regulatory jurisdiction is split
between agencies or where resources could be more effectively shared between
agencies. Examples include:
•
developing a legislative proposal to improve the current system for the regulation
of eggs and egg products;
•
modifying statutes to permit FSIS inspectors not only to report their findings to
FDA but actually to perform inspections and enforcement for that agency to
increase interagency efficiencies; and
•
developing a legislative proposal giving FSIS explicit authority to enter into
cooperative agreements for food safety risk assessment.
Recent Advances in Applying Scientific Assessments
Of Public Health Risks to Food Safety
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HACCP implemented
FQP A tolerance reassessment based on aggregate
exposure, cumulative risk, and vulnerable
subpopulations.
Single, risk-based pesticide standard for food
established
Tolerance setting focusing on the riskiest pesticides
Priority registration given to "safer" pesticides
Risk Assessment Consortium established
FoodNetiPulseNet established
Good Agricultural Practices guidance for fresh
produce established
Unpasteurized juice warning labels required
Recommendation lIb
Congress and the Administration should require development of a
comprehensive national food safety plan. Funds appropriated for food safety
programs (including research and education programs) should be allocated in
accordance with science-based assessments of risk and potential benefit.
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This recommendation contains two parts. The first part recommends that Congress
and the Administration require preparation of a comprehensive, national food safety
plan. The NAS report lists several essential features of such a plan, including a
unified food safety mission; integrated federal, state and local.activities; adequate
support for research and surveillance; and increased efforts to ensure the safety of
imported foods. The second part of the recommendation stresses that resources
should be allocated on the basis of science-based assessments of risk and potential
benefits.
Council Assessment
The Council agrees that a comprehensive national food safety strategic plan should be
developed and the development of such a plan is underway. In fact, the President's
Food Safety Initiative was an initial step toward a national food safety plan. The
1997 Farm to Table report was a means ofleveraging federal food safety resources
through coordinated planning and cooperative work to meet common needs such as
development of surveillance data, response to
outbr~aks,
research into preventive
interventions, development of risk assessment techniques particularly for microbial
risk assessments, and consumer education. This initial plan also took some steps
toward extending food safety planning to the state and local level.
Strategic Planning
Picking up where Farm to Table report left off, the Council will continue and expand
the strategic planning process. One of the Council's primary purposes is to develop a
comprehensive strategic plan for federal food safety activities that contains specific
recommendations on needed changes, including goals with measurable outcomes.
The plan's principal goal is to enhance the safety of the nation's food supply and
protect public health through a seamless science- and risk-based food safety system.
The plan will set priorities, improve coordination and efficiency, identify gaps in the
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current system and mechanisms to fill those gaps, continue to enhance and strengthen
prevention strategies, and develop performance measures to show progress.
Preparation of the food safety strategic plan will be a public process, and will
consider both short- and long-term issues including new and emerging threats and the
special needs of vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Once the
plan is sufficiently complete, the Council will advise agencies of priorities for
investing in food safety and ensure that federal agencies annually submit coordinated
food safety budgets to OMB to sustain and strengthen existing capacities. In short,
the President's Council on Food Safety will develop a national food safety plan and
make budget recommendations to accomplish what the NAS report recommends.
The Council has defined the scope of future federal level food safety strategic
planning and a process for interagency planning and public participation. An
interagency task force anticipates having a draft plan ready for public review and
discussion in January 2000. Even while developing this plan, the task force intends to
continue its consultations with stakeholders. The following is the draft vision
statement for the Council's strategic plan:
"Consumers can be confident that food is safe, healthy, and affordable. We work
within a seamless food safety system that uses farm-to-table preventive strategies
and integrated research, surveillance, inspection, and enforcement. Weare
vigilant to new and emergent threats and consider the needs of vulnerable
subpopulations. We use science- and risk-based approaches along with
public/private partnerships. Food is safe because everyone understands and
accepts their responsibilities."
The President's Council on Food Safety held four public meetings in the Fall of 1998
in Arlington, VA; Sacramento, CA; Chicago, IL; and Dallas, TX to solicit comments
on this draft vision for food safety and to identify a strategic planning process, goals
and critical steps as well as potential barriers to achieving that vision.
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The Council's strategic planning task force is analyzing the transcripts of the 1998
public meetings and the input received through the notice and comment process to
determine the major themes, issues, and subject areas. The task force will also
consider the conclusions and recommendations of the NAS report, input from the
federal, state, and local government National Integrated Food Safety System project,
and input from the agencies involved. The task force will then develop a proposed set
of strategic goals and objectives and present a draft plan to the President's Council on
Food Safety. Following Council review, the draft plan will be provided to the public
for formal review and comment. After public comment, the task force will prepare a
final plan with specific recommendations on needed changes and steps to achieve a
seamless food safety system including resource needs, roles, and barriers to
implementation, and submit this final plan to the Council for approval.
The planning process will build upon common ground and provide the forum to
tackle some of the difficult public health, resource, and management questions facing
the federal food safety agencies and our state, tribal and local government partners.
The plan will identify areas for enhanced coordination and efficiencies, determine
whether legislative changes would be beneficial, and clarify federal, state, and local
government roles and responsibilities in the national food safety system (see
discussion under recommendation IIIb).
Allocation of Resources
The NAS report recommendation goes a step further than a national plan by urging
that resources be allocated according to science-based assessments of risk and
potential benefits. As stipulated in Executive Order 13100, the Council will develop
annual budget recommendations consistent with the strategic plan. The Council will
develop guidance for food safety agencies to consider during the preparation of their
individual budgets. The Council has created a budget task force that will:
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•
work with the strategic planning task force and review the draft and final strategic
plans and Council budget guidance on priority areas for investment to identify
budget data and other infonnation that will be necessary to plan and coordinate
agency budget submissions to OMB;
•
design a unifonn fonnat for presenting food safety initiative budget components
in the OMB budget process for use in both individual agencies and the unified
budget submissions;
•
develop necessary guidance to facilitate submission of a unified food safety
initiative budget and any other food safety issues deemed appropriate by the
Council;
•
establish a timetable for developing coordinated food safety budget requests and
for submitting infonnation to the Council that accommodates the various
agencies' budget planning processes; and
•
consider the issue of whether to amend OMB Circular No. A-II (OMB guidance
to agencies on budget structure and reporting elements) to include food safety as.a
budget cross-cut.
Comparative Risk Assessment
An important part to both risk-based planning and resource allocation will be the
development of a comprehensive comparative risk assessment of the food supply.
The Council has requested the Interagency Food Safety Risk Assessment Consortium,
which consists of EP A, FDA, CDC, and USDA, to consider how to develop a
comparative risk analysis for food safety strategic planning.
The Council believes that various steps may need to be taken to evaluate risks
including: a ranking offoodbome pathogen risks based on CDC surveillance and
economic data; consideration of a broader range of food safety hazards including not
only microbial risks, but also pesticides and chemicals; and finally selection of highly
ranked hazards, an evaluation of control measures, and an evaluation of net benefits.
The Council must avoid applying risk assessment that is too strict, rigorous, or
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inflexible. Instead, the assessment must be used to prioritize the known greatest risks
at the current time, with the understanding that scientific risk estimates can, and will
likely, change frequently over time.
Challenges in Planning
The Council faces the following challenges in developing a comprehensive food
safety strategic plan and allocating resources based on risk:
•
Developing and successfully implementing a national plan will require strong
cooperation, coordination, and communication, since each federal, state, and local
agency has unique mandates, authorities, history, culture, and operating
procedures.
•
The diversity of stakeholders in food safety is enormous. It will be difficult, but
imperative, that all stakeholders are represented in the Council's planning process.
Progress in Strategic Planning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
President's 1997 Farm to Table Food Safety Initiative
President's Fresh Produce and Imported Food Safety
Initiative
Establishment of the Joint Institute for Food Safety
Research
Establishment of the President's Council
Input from the National Academy of Sciences, Council
of Agricultural Science and Technology, and other
organizations
National Integrated Food Safety System project
meetings
Input from multiple public meetings
Recommendation lila
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To implement a science-based system, Congress should establish by statute a
unified and central framework for managing federal food safety programs, one
that is headed by a single official and which has the responsibility and control of
resources for all federal food safety activities, including outbreak management,
standard-setting, inspection, monitoring, surveillance, risk assessment,
enforcement, research, and education.
The NAS report finds that the current regulatory structure for food safety in the
United States is not well equipped to meet current challenges. Specifically, it points
out that the system is facing tremendous pressures with regard to:
•
emerging pathogens and ability to detect them;
•
maintaining adequate inspection and monitoring of the increasing volume of
imported foods, especially fruits and vegetables;
•
maintaining adequate inspection of commercial food services and the increasing
number of larger food processing plants; and
•
the growing number of people at high risk for foodbome illnesses.
The report cites the strengths of the current food safety system, including the advent
of FoodNet and PulseNet, HACCP implementation, and the Partnership for Food
Safety Education. It also identifies deficiencies, which it attributes partly to "the
fragmented nature of the system." The report attributes the fragmentation largely to a
lack of adequate integration among the various federal agencies involved in the
implementation of the primary statutes that regulate food safety, and observes that
this lack of adequate integration occurs also with state and local activities. The report
notes that 12 primary federal agencies are involved in key food safety functions and
references more than 50 memoranda of agreement between various agencies related
to food safety.
The NAS report attributes the lack of adequate integration among federal, state and
local food safety authorities in part to the absence of "focused leadership" that has
the responsibility, the authority and the resources to address key food safety
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problems. The report presents several examples of possible organizational structures
to create a single federal voice for food safety. These include:
•
a Food Safety Council with representatives from the agencies with a central chair
appointed by the President, reporting to Congress and having control of resources;
•
designating one current agency as the lead agency and having the head of that
agency be the responsible individual;
•
a single agency reporting to one current cabinet-level secretary; and
•
an independent single agency at cabinet level.
Although the report indicates many of the NAS committee's members believe that a
single, unified agency headed by a single administrator is the most viable structure for
implementing the "single voice" concept, the report recognizes that there may be
many other models that would be workable.
Council Assessment
The Council agrees with the goal of the NAS recommendation--that there should be a
fully integrated food safety system in the U.S. The food safety agencies are
committed to this goal, and the Council is confident that its comprehensive strategic
plan will be a major step toward creating a seamless system. The Council will
conduct, through a public process, a thorough assessment of structural and
organizational options before recommending major legislative or administrative
actions on reorganization. The Council will identify and analyze existing models in
government for achieving mutual and truly national food safety goals. Some of these
models might address structure, and some might address facilitating mechanisms.
The Council's strategic plan will bring agreement on the vision, goals, and actions
needed to enhance the safety of the nation's food supply and protect public health by
reducing the annual incidence of acute and chronic foodbome illness. It will also
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clarify the roles and responsibilities of each food safety agency as well as those of our
state, tribal, and local government partners.
While the Council recognizes that certain models of reorganization may improve
coordination and allow for a better allocation of resources, any reorganization of food
safety activities must recognize the non-food-safety-related responsibilities of each
agency and how these relate to the food safety responsibilities. Reorganization must
not be done at the expense of these responsibilities and activities. The Council is
concerned that, if not done carefully, separating food safety from non-food safety
activities in each agency could act to weaken consumer protection overall.
The Council recognizes that expertise and knowledge, particularly expertise in stateof -the-art science and technology, provides a resource to food safety activities. For
example, analytical methods for detection and quantification on economic adulterants
in foods may be adapted to detection of chemical contaminants that threaten public
health. Expertise in non-food safety regulatory science and legal procedures are
critical when warnings are required on food labels to assure safety. In addition,
reorganizations must avoid interfering with the public health framework established
to identify and respond to infectious and non-infectious public health threats whether
they are foodborne or not. Thus, in its strategic planning the Council will be
cognizant of the interplay between the food safety and non-food safety activities of
each agency and how they strengthen each other.
The Council believes that there are programs that can benefit from immediate
reorganization. For example, during the last two years, FDA and NOAA have been
developing a proposal to transfer the NOAA Seafood Inspection Program to FDA as a
Performance Based Organization (PBO) in order to operate the voluntary Seafood
Inspection Program on a more business-like basis. The PBO would be formed under
the umbrella of FDA and would include all seafood inspection activities now carried
out by NOAA. The fiscal year 2000 budget proposes to transfer the existing Seafood
Inspection Program from NOAA to FDA. This action will fully consolidate federal
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seafood inspection activities within one agency thereby increasing the efficiency and
effectiveness of seafood oversight. It will also enhance the overall safety and
wholesomeness of seafood products. Funds are provided to cover the costs of
transition, including training and education activities.
Factors to Consider in Organizational Restructuring
The Council assessment of structural and organizational options must take into
consideration the following factors:
•
Many food safety issues can only be dealt with through collaboration and .
partnerships between agencies. For example, BSE is an animal health issue and a
human health issue. Foodborne disease problems are also waterborne disease
problems. Salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs is not only a food safety issue but
also an animal health and a marketing issue.
•
Research and education programs for food safety do not operate as separate
activities within the agencies, but rather draw significant strength from one
another. For example, any attempt at plaCing "pure" food safety research and
education in one agency could actually jeopardize the ability to deliver improved
food. safety to consumers. While some projects are entirely focused on food
safety, the food safety research portfolio includes many other projects in such
areas as animal health and animal genetics. Similarly, scientific expertise and
endeavors should always inform regulatory activities. Each regulatory agency
must have a cadre of trained and involved scientists to facilitate communications
and cooperation with the research/education agencies. Thus, any restructuring
must ensure continued coordination and communication between food safety
programs and non-food safety functions that strengthen these programs.
•
The Council should build upon existing successful partnerships. For example,
CSREES FSIS, FDA, CDC and other private and governmental organizations
now participate in the Partnership for Food Safety Education. This group serves
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to coordinate food safety educational programs among private and governmental
agencies, and is a key element of the Food Safety Initiative. Yet this and other
partnerships would not be possible without relying on the many effective working
relationships developed among the participants over the years, inc1udingjoint
projects on residue control and nutrition labeling. Any reorganization needs to
recognize the importance of existing partnerships.
•
Food safety standards at the federal, state, local, and international levels need to
be consistent. Mechanisms such as the Codex Alimentarius for international
standards and the Conference for Food Protection for federal. and state standards
are in place to reduce inconsistency, but better integration at all levels is needed
and viewed as a long-range project.
Recent Steps Taken to Create a Unified
Federal Food Safety System
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1997 President's Food Safety Initiative
implemented
JIFSAN/Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium
created
President's Fresh Produce plan implemented
FORC-G established
President's Council on Food Safety established
Restructuring of seafood inspection proposed
Partnership for Food Safety Education created
Recommendation Illb
Congress should provide the agency responsible for food safety at the federal
level with the tools necessary to integrate and unify the efforts of authorities at
the state and local levels to enhance food safety.
The NAS report recommends that federal, state, and local governments function as an
integrated enterprise, along with their partners in the private sector. The report
identified five statutory tools required to integrate federal, state, and local food safety
activities into an effective national system:
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•
authority to mandate adherence to minimal federal standards for products or
processes;
•
continued authority to deputize state and local officials to serve as enforcers of
federal law;
•
funding to support, in whole or in part, activities of state and local officials that
are judged necessary or appropriate to enhance the safety of food;
•
authority given to the Federal official responsible for food safety to direct action
by other agencies with assessment and monitoring capabilities; and
•
authority to convene working groups, create partnerships, and direct other forms
and means of collaboration to achieve integrated protection of the food supply.
This recommendation acknowledges the "equally critical roles" of state and local
government entities with those of the federal government in ensuring food safety, and
suggests changes in federal authorizing and appropriating legislation may be
necessary to achieve better integration of federal, state, and local activities.
Council Assessment
The Council agrees that the roles of state, tribal, and local governments in the food
safety system are critical and supports steps taken toward the development of a more
fully integrated national food safety system. While more needs to be done to
optimize and develop new partnerships, the federal food safety agencies have already
established extensive interactions with state and local regulatory agencies. In fact, a
critical factor for the Council to consider is the manner in which existing federal/state
or local activities are integrated and coordinated. The Council believes that its
strategic planning process provides a fresh opportunity for their non-federal partners
to participate as primary and equal partners in the development of the future food
safety system.
Some overlap occurs between federal and state and local food safety efforts. Neither
federal food safety agencies nor state and local agencies have sufficient resources to
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carry out a comprehensive food safety program, but all these agencies have expertise
and resources that, when combined in an integrated program, would significantly
enhance the impact of food safety programs.
The Council also agrees that the five statutory tools identified by the NAS are critical
to ensuring good coordination between the federal government and state and local
agencies. Fortunately, the federal food safety regulatory agencies (FDA, FSIS, and
EPA) already have many of the statutory tools recommended by NAS.
The Council recognizes and agrees with the report's conclusion that the lack of
integration among federal, state, and local authorities often complicate the
administration of regulatory programs.
We need to utilize available mechanisms to
leverage resources and expertise from government, industry, academia, and
consumers to expand the nation's food safety capabilities beyond what anyone group
can accomplish. Increased awareness and knowledge of food safety in each segment
of the food safety community reduces the need for extensive regulation of industry
and decreases the incidence of contamination at every point in the food safety system
in order to protect public health.
National Integrated Food Safety System (NIFSS) Project
HHS, USDA, and EPA are working with state and local officials in a National
Integrated Food Safety System (NIFSS) project to identify the appropriate roles and
to develop mutually supporting common goals for all levels of government in the
U.S. food safety system. This work is considered integral to the Council's strategic
plan and coordinated budget recommendations and will be the basis for improved
integration with state, tribal and local governments.
Under the leadership of the FDA, the current project is proceeding under existing
federal, state, and local laws although all levels of government recognize that changes
in some of the federal and state laws will be necessary to achieve an integrated
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system. The project began with a meeting of state and local officials from public
health and agriculture agencies and state laboratories representing all 50 states, Puerto
Rico, and the District of Columbia, CDC and USDA in Kansas City in September
1998. In December 1998, six work groups and an 18 member Coordinating
Committee composed of federal, state and local officials met in Baltimore, Maryland
to begin to develop plans for implementing recommendations and overcoming the
obstacles identified at the Kansas City meeting. The next meeting is planned for late
winter or early spring, 1999. The group estimates that a fully integrated
federal/state/local food safety system will take approximately 10 years to build. The
Association of Food and Drug Officials, which is an organization of state and local
public health officials and regulators, endorses the concept of a NIFSS.
Challenges to Developing a National Integrated Food Safety System
Even though there is some uniformity between federal and state standards (e.g.,
standards associated with the intrastate shipment of meat or poultry), the Council
recognizes the following challenges to building an integrated food safety system:
•
Integrated federal, state, and local food safety systems will help build 'a more
consistent, uniform level of safety assurance across the nation. To accomplish
this, however, clear, national standards are needed, together with uniform food
safety messages and enhanced training, capability, and technical assistance to
meet all levels of regulatory, industry, academic, and consumer need.
•
Consumers are concerned that the economic interests of industry within states
may be a source of conflict if those states have an expanded food safety role that
includes activities thought to be primarily a federal responsibility (e.g., firm
inspections).
•
Industry is concerned that food safety regulation will be inconsistent among the
states if systems are integrated without adequate preparation of the state agencies
to step into the expanded food safety role.
24
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•
In order for integration to work, it is crucial that state and local governments have
access to high quality scientists and health care professionals. The strategic plan
will explore incentives for education and training of epidemiologists, laboratory
workers, public health nurses, and environmental sanitarians.
Examples of FederallStatelLocal Cooperation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Milk Sanitation Program - Pasteurized Milk Ordinance
Retail Food Safety Program - Food Code
National, Integrated Food Safety System Project
Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Program
States conduct 5,000 inspections of FDA-regulated plants
FDA maintains more than 100 state partnerships
Conference for Food Protection
FoodNetiEmerging Infections Program
PulseNet
Epidemiology and Laboratory Cooperative Agreements
Appropriate delegation of pesticide responsibility to states
Partial funding of states for implementation of some pesticide
programs and for most compliance programs
State FIFRA Issues Research and Evaluation Group
State and local government involvement in FORC-G
State conducts inspections in 250 FSIS regulated plants
FSIS oversees and supports 26 state "equal to" 'meat and poultry
inspection programs
FSIS supports animal production food safety outreach projects
involving 11 states
FSIS supports animal production food safety workshops
HACCP based enhancement of state labs, computer capabilities,
and state training
Partnership for Food Safety Education "Fight BAC!" campaign
25
�·-
:\'ARMS Email System
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
Page 1 of 1
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Tanya E. Martin ( CN=Tanya E. Martin/OU=OPD/O=EOP [ OPD ] )
CREATION DATE/TIME:20-FEB-1999 17:44:01.00
SUBJECT:
NGA Draft press paper and q&a
TO: Laura Emmett ( CN=Laura Emmett/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ] )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Karin Kullman ( CN=Karin Kullman/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ] ).
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ] )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Draft paper for Mondays event.
The Q&A is the same as in the NGA
briefing materials.==================== ATTACHMENT
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PRESIDENT CLINTON: EDUCATION INVESTMENTS THAT WORK
February 22, 1999
Today, in an address to the National Governors Association, President Clinton will
reiterate his call for a new era of accountability in American education, and will ask
Congress to pass his agenda to give states the tools they need to provide all children with a
world-class education.
Building on What Works to Strengthen Accountability.
In his State of the Union address,
President Clinton announced a package of accountability measures designed to hold
students, teachers, and schools to the high standards that will be the keys to success in the
In his remarks to the nation's governors at the White House,
twenty-first century.
President Clinton will discuss his plan to support state and local school reform efforts
through bold new steps to insure that federal support for education is directed only toward
programs and policies that work to improve student achievement. The President will
shortly send to Congress his Education Accountability Act,which will require states and
school districts that receive federal funds to end social promotion, to insure that all teachers
are qualified; to turn around their lowest-performing schools; to provide parents with
annual report cards on school performance and to institute effective school discipline
policies.
National Leadership in Support of State Reform. President Clinton will also applaud the
efforts that North Carolina, Michigan, Delaware, Pennsylvania, California and other states
are making, under the leadership of committed governors, to implement these
common-sense principles. The President will call on all states to take similar steps to
ensure that all of America's children reap the rewards of strengthened accountability.
While states and school districts have made important progress in instituting rigorous
academic standards, a great deal of work remains to be done to help schools, teachers and
students meet those standards. Only 26 states now require students to pass high school
graduation exams, and far fewer have policies in place to require students to show that
they have mastered the skills necessary to be promoted from grade to grade. Just 19 states
have policies to intervene in low-performing schools and turn them around. And there
are some 50,000 people teaching in America's schools on emergency teaching licenses which means that they have not met the standards set by states for beginning teachers.
Investments To Support World-Class Education.
The President's effort to support high
academic standards for all children includes an unprecedented commitment of national
resources to help states and local districts improve education. President Clinton's balanced
budget calls for strengthened investments in education to hire 100,000 teachers to reduce
class size in the early grades, modernize up to 6,000 schools, triple funding for
after-school activities, improve the quality of teaching, increase literacy: enhance the use of
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technology in the schools, recruit outstanding teachers in underserved high-poverty rural
areas and inner cities, and provide new pathways to college for disadvantaged students.
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Q&A for NGA Address:
Q.
If states are already implementing accountability measures, why is the
Administration proposing to make them federal policy?
A.
States and school districts have made great progress in raising academic standards,
but they are not all taking the steps necessary to ensure that schools, teachers, and
students meet these high standards. For example, only 26 states require students to
pass high school graduation exams, and far fewer have policies preventing unprepared
students from being promoted. Only nineteen states have policies in place to intervene
in low performing schools, and take responsibility for turning them around. And every
year, approximately 50,000 individuals teach on "emergency" certificates, which means
that they do not meet the standards states themselves have set for beginning teachers.
We need to do better than this. We need to take the education reforms that some
states and cities have shown produce results --ending social promotion, turning
around failing schools, phasing out the use of unqualified teachers --and to spread
those reforms throughout the nation. The President's proposal is designed to
ensure that all our children benefit from these proven and effective accountability
measures.
Q.
Will states that decline to adopt these policies lose their share of federal education
funds?
A.
We fully expect that states will adopt these accountability mechanisms, just as they
have complied with current law's requirements to adopt academic standards and
measure student performance. Governors of both parties, state and local school
superintendents, and other educators know that these reforms work, and many are
implementing them already. So we do not expect to fac~ compliance problems.
But if we do, we will take steps to ensure compliance and, in the very last resort, we
will withhold some or all federal money. We cannot continue to invest in failing
educational systems. That would be cheating American taxpayers --and cheating
our children.
Q.
A.
Doesn't this amount to a federal takeover of education?
No. The President believes, as he did when he was a governor, that states and localities
have primary responsibility for.education and must have the flexibility to decide what to
teach and how to teach it. But the President also believes that we should hold schools
accountable for results. For our children's sake, we should invest in what works and not
in what doesn't. We should put into place the accountability measures that study after
study shows produce results and increase student achievement. A growing number of
states, cities, and schools are implementing these reforms. They are, almost without
exception, the places making the biggest student achievement gains. The President
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wants to ensure that all our children reap the rewards of these accountability measures.
Q.
Won't that the requirement to end social promotion will lead to an increase in
retention rates, especially for minority youngsters?
A.
The President believes that when a "no social promotion" policy is done right, it
helps all students --particularly minority and disadvantaged students. We have to
insist on high standards and we have to give students the assistance they need to
meet these standards --including reduced class size, more training for teachers, and
extended learning time. The President's FY 2000 budget will help significantly, in
particular by tripling funding --from $200 to $600 million --for after-school and
summer-school programs that provide extra help to students who need it.
Q:
What kind of accountability provisions is the President demanding be included in
an Ed-Flex proposal?
A:
The President believes that we should know whether a waiver is improving student
performance and make sure we turnaround or drop waivers that are failing to do
so. He is open to a variety of specific proposals, but Ed-Flex ought to contain a
mechanism that links waivers to student performance.
Q:
Will the administration support amendments to Ed-Flex that raise unrelated issues,
such as school construction or class size reduction?
A:
We will support amendments of this kind if members of Congress choose to raise
them. Ed-Flex is important, but modernizing our schools and reducing class size is
even more so. If we are having an education debate prior to reauthorizing the
ESEA, we ought to include these important issues.
�ARMS Email System
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
Page 1 of 1
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: William H. White Jr.
( CN=william H. White Jr./OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:21-FEB-1999 15:22:50.00
SUBJECT:
NGA Rountable- Ed-Flex
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Fred DuVal ( CN=Fred DuVal/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Tanya E. Martin ( CN=Tanya E. Martin/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Mickey Ibarra ( CN=Mickey Ibarra/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
Jonathan Jones (Carper) told me last night that Gov O'Bannon at tomorrow's
roundtable, intends to ask the President for a letter on Ed-Flex.
I told
him that was bush-league and urged him in strong terms not to have
O'Bannon make that request to the President.
I'm trying to reach
O'Bannon's staff with the same message.
Mickey, on sequence, only Glendening (delete Schafer) will speak on
Livability. Then Engler on Federalism. Let's hope we run out of time.
�~ ARMS
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Page 1 of 4
RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Richard Socarides ( CN=Richard Socarides/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:21-FEB-1999 17:02:25.00
SUBJECT:
Helms bill would nullify anti discrimination executive order
TO: Mary E. Cahill
READ: UNKNOWN
CN=Mary E. Cahill/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Edward W. Correia o( CN=Edward W. Correia/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Barry J. Toiv ( CN=Barry J. Toiv/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Sylvia M. Mathews ( CN=Sylvia M. Mathews/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Karen Tramontano ( CN=Karen Tramontano/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Thomas L. Freedman ( CN=Thomas L. Freedman/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP
READ: UNKNOWN
OPD 1 )
TO: Charles E. Kieffer ( CN=Charles E. Kieffer/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
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READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Michael Deich ( CN=Michael Deich/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Peter Rundlet
READ: UNKNOWN
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TO: Nanda Chitre ( CN=Nanda Chitre/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Minyon Moore ( CN=Minyon Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Tracey E. Thornton ( CN=Tracey E. Thornton/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Martha Foley ( CN=Martha Foley/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Virginia Apuzzo ( CN=Virginia Apuzzo/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Janet Murguia ( CN=Janet Murguia/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
�\. ARMS Email System
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READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Joshua Gotbaum ( CN=Joshua Gotbaum/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Charles M. Brain ( CN=Charles M. Brain/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TEXT:
---------------------- Forwarded by Richard Socarides/WHO/EOP on 02/21/99
05:01 PM ---------------------------
rwockner @ netcom.com
02/21/99 03:20:00 PM
Record Type: Record
To: Stuart D. Rosenstein, Richard Socarides
cc:
Subject: NC9521: New Jesse Helms attack
Congressional Record, January 19, 1999
http://thomas.loc.gov
AMERICA AT A MORAL CROSSROADS
FREEDOM OF ·SPEECH ACT
Mr. HELMS.
Mr. President, I am also pleased to introduce the Freedom
of Speech Act, which makes sure that federal employees are not forced to
check their moral beliefs at the door when they arrive at the federal
workplace.
This bill attempts to make sure that President Clinton is not allowed
to do by Executive Order what Congress has declined to enact in the past
two Congressional sessions 0) namely, to treat homosexuals as a special
class protected under various titles of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Last year, President Clinton signed such an Executive Order, and in so
doing, infringed upon the Constitutional rights of Federal employees who
wish to express their moral and spiritual objections to the homosexual
lifestyle.
President Clinton has instructed Federal agencies and departments to
implement a policy that treats homosexuals as a special class protected
under various titles of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This necessarily
prevents federal employees who have strong religious or moral objections
to homosexuality from expressing those beliefs without running afoul of
what amounts to a workplace speech code. Apparently, when the President's
desire to write his belief system into federal workplace regulations
conflicted with the First Amendment right to free speech, the Constitution
lost.
Congress should jealously protect its Constitutional prerogative to
make laws, and prevent the executive branch from creating special
protections for homosexuals, particularly in a way that doesn't take into
account the Constitutional right of freedom of speech enjoyed by all
Federal employees. That is the purpose of the legislation I offer today.
Under this bill, no Federal funds could be used to enforce President
�\ ARMS Email System
Page 3 of 4
Clinton's Executive Order #13807.
Further, no Federal department or
agency would be able to implement or enforce any policy creating a special
class of individuals in Federal employment discrimination law. This bill
will also prevent the Federal government from trampling the First
Amendment rights of Federal employees to express their moral and spiritual
values in the workplace.
Mr. President, for many years the homosexual community has engaged in
a well-organized, concerted campaign to force Americans to accept, and
even legitimize, an immoral lifestyle. This bill is designed to prevent
President Clinton from advancing the homosexual agenda at the expense of
both the proper legislative role and the free speech rights of Federal
workers.
***** S. 4S
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
united States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the 'Freedom of Speech Act'.
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION.
(a) In General: No agency, officer, or employee of the executive
branch of the Federal Government shall issue, implement, or enforce any
policy establishing an additional class of individuals that is protected
against discrimination in Federal employment, other than a class of
individuals specifically identified in a provision of Federal statutory
law that prohibits employment discrimination against the class, including
0)
(1) title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et
seq.) ;
(2) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621
et seq.); and
(3) title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791 et seq.)
or title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12111
et seq.).
(b) Prohibition on Use of Federal Funds: No agency, officer, or
employee of the executive branch of the Federal Government shall use
Federal funds to issue, implement, or enforce a policy described in
subsection
(a), including implementing and enforcing Executive Order 13087,
including any amendment made by such order.
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RECORD TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL
(NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR: Andrew J. Mayock ( CN=Andrew J. Mayock/OU=WHO/O=EOP [ WHO 1 )
CREATION DATE/TIME:21-FEB-1999 18:17:48.00
SUBJECT:
Governors' Political Briefing Memo
TO: Skye S. Philbrick ( CN=Skye S. Philbrick/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Andrew J. Mayock ( CN=Andrew J. Mayock/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Simeona F. pasquil ( CN=Simeona F. Pasquil/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bridget T. Leininger ( CN=Bridget T. Leininger/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Linda L. Moore ( CN=Linda L. Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Matthew S. Vamvakis ( CN=Matthew S. Vamvakis/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Raynell K. Morris ( CN=Raynell K. Morris/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: William H. White Jr.
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=william H. White Jr./OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
TO: Mickey Ibarra ( CN=Mickey Ibarra/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Minyon Moore ( CN=Minyon Moore/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn L. Smalls ( CN=Dawn L. Smalls/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Elena Kagan ( CN=Elena Kagan/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Joshua Gotbaum
READ: UNKNOWN
CN=Joshua Gotbaum/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB 1 )
TO: Rebecca L. Walldorff ( CN=Rebecca L. Walldorff/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Cathy R. Mays
READ: UNKNOWN
( CN=Cathy R. Mays/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD 1 )
TO: Jocelyn A. Bucaro ( CN=Jocelyn A. Bucaro/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Marsha Scott ( CN=Marsha Scott/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO 1 )
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TO: Craig Hughes
( CN=Craig Hughes/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO
r )
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TO: Orson C. Porter ( CN=Orson C. Porter/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
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TO: Cynthia M. Jasso-Rotunno ( CN=Cynthia M. Jasso-Rotunno/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Patrice L. Stanley ( CN=Patrice L. Stanley/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Todd A. Bledsoe ( CN=Todd A. Bledsoe/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Maria E. Soto ( CN=Maria E. Soto/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Fred DuVal ( CN=Fred DuVal/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
READ:UNKNOWN
TO: Sara M. Latham
READ: UNKNOWN
CN=Sara M. Latham/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
TO: Kevin S. Moran ( CN=Kevin S. Moran/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO ) )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Bruce N. Reed ( CN=Bruce N. Reed/OU=OPD/O=EOP @ EOP [ OPD ) )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Dawn V. Woollen ( CN=Dawn V. Woollen/OU=OMB/O=EOP @ EOP [ OMB ) )
READ: UNKNOWN
TO: Ruby Shamir ( CN=Ruby Shamir/OU=WHO/O=EOP @ EOP [ WHO)
READ: UNKNOWN
)
TEXT:
FYI:
Attached is OPA's "Governors Political Briefing: Races 1999-2000."
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FC4AB839FC1F48B71E513609830BCD2C428CA31E1FCCC1D2C131CD2EAC4666E71B4555C1CBB51F
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March 4,2010
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
MINYON MOORE AND ANDREW MAYOCK
SUBJECT:
Governors Political Briefing: Races 1999-2000
This memo overviews the 1999-2000 gubernatorial races and reviews the current political situations in
. affected states. Several "hot" issues developing in Alabama, Iowa and New Jersey are also examined
in more detail at the end of the memo.
1998 Elections: The 1998 elections left the overall gubernatorial situation largely unaffected. The
Republicans lost one governorship, but retained control of the top job in 31 states; and Democrats
continued to hold 17 governorships, plus four territories. Jesse Ventura became the first Reform Party
governor, and Angus King remains the only Independent governor. Despite what this straight
numbers analysis might indicate, the 1998 elections tell a much more dynamic political story.
Democrats suffered setbacks by losing open seats in the West -- Colorado, Nevada and Oklahoma -- in
addition to the critical Florida governship. But they also made key gains -- in the South with victories
by Hodges in South Carolina, Siegelman in Alabama and Barnes in Georgia, and in the West and
Midwest with Davis (CA) and Vilsack (IA), respectively.
1999-2000 Elections: In the next two-year election cycle 14 governships will come up for election - three seats in 1999 (Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi), and 11 seats in 2000 (Delaware, Missouri,
Montana, North Carolina, Indiana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Vermont, Utah, Washington and
West Virginia). It is early in the cycle, but no major realignment is expected to take place.
Incumbents are expected to ru~ in all but five states: Mississippi, Delaware, Missouri, Montana and
North Carolina. In the best case scenario, Democrats could pick up two seats overall and solidify our
southern resurgence, if we held all seven incumbents seats, held on to the three open Democratic seats
in Missouri, North Carolina and Delaware and won the two Republican open seats in Mississippi and
Montana. Of the five open races in the 1999 - 2000 cycle, three will be closely followed -Mississippi, North Carolina and Missouri -- and will be viewed as bellweathers of the political mood of
the country and the strength of the parties.
1999 GOVERNORS' RACES
In 1999, incumbents are expected to easily win in Kentucky and Louisiana.
seat and provides Democrats with a serious opportunity for a pick up.
Mississippi is an open
Mississippi: Governor Kirk Fordice (R) is limited by state law from seeking a third term.
Before
Fordice, Mississippi had not elected a Republican governor since 1874, and during both of his races
Fordice faced tough opposition. March 2 is the filing deadline, and to date, Lt. Gov. Ronnie
Musgrove (D) is the only big-name contender to officially declare his intention to run. Rep. Mike
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Parker (R) is expected to seek the Republican nomination. This past Friday, we met with Musgrove
who is upbeat and strongly conveyed to us that he will run a moderate campaign.
Kentucky: In 1995, Governor Paul Patton (D) was elected with 51 % of the vote. Governor
Patton and Lt. Governor Steve Henry (D) filed their reelection papers on January 25. Patton
will not face any primary opposition in May and is expected to face a nominal challenge in the
general election in November.
Louisiana: Since his election in 1995, Governor Mike Foster (R) has consistently posted approval
ratings over 70. A Southern Media & Opinion poll conducted January 21-25 showed Foster
with a 79% job approval rating. The Governor raised nearly $2 million for his reelection campaign
this year, although he says that he has not yet decided whether he will run. To date, Rep. William
Jefferson (D) is the only Democrat who has announced his candidacy for the race.
2000 GOVERNORS'RAcES
In 2000, four of the 11 governorships up for election are held by Republicans and seven are held by
Democrats. Of the four Republican seats, only one is expected to be open, while three of the seven
Democratic seats will be open. The four incumbent Democrats who are expected to run again are
O'Bannon (IN), Dean (VT), Shaheen (NH) and Locke (WA). Their seats appear to be "safe." The
three "safe" Republican incumbents are Schafer (ND), Leavitt (UT) and Underwood (WV). The three
open seats held by Democrats (Delaware, Missouri and North Carolina) may prove challenging to hold.
The open Montana seat provides Democrats with the best opportunity for picking up a currently
Republican held state.
Open Seats
Delaware: Governor Thomas Carper (D) cannot run in 2000, because of state-imposed term limits.
In 1996, he defeated state Treasurer Janet Rzewnicki (R), 70% - 31 %. Lt. Governor Ruth Minner (D),
is the only candidate to announce her intention to run for governor and already has raised over
$325,000 for her campaign. Other potential candidates include: Delaware Speaker of the House
Terry Spence (R); busine~sman and ex-Dupont executive Dennis Rochford (R); Chamber of
Commerce President John Burris (R); and Attorney General M. Jane Brady (R).
Note: Governor Carper is seriously considering a bid for U.S. Senate. Incumbent Senator
William Roth (R) has not announced his intentions for 2000, although most analysts expect him
to run for another term. At the request of the DSCC, Vice President Gore will call Governor
Carper this week to urge him to run. Former governor and current Representative Tom Castle
(R) will run for the Republican nomination if Roth does not, and he has not ruled out a primary
challenge to Roth, although it is unlikely.
Missouri: Outgoing Governor Mel Carnahan (D) is term limited and is running for the Senate
against incumbent Senator John Ashcroft (R). Rep. Jim Talent (R) kicked off his campaign for
governor last week and plans to focus his campaign on lowering taxes, fixing public education
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and improving highways. Talent will face state Treasurer Bob Holden (D) in the general
election next year.
Montana: Montana offers Democrats one of their best opportunities to pick up a governorship.
Governor Marc Racicot (R), who is quite popular, is term limited. In 1992, he beat Dorothy
Bradley (D) 51 % - 49%. Racicot won in 1996, defeating Judy Jacobson (D) 79% - 19%. The
prospective Democratic candidates are all fairly strong candidates with good name recognition.
On the Republican side, no viable candidate has emerged from a field that is largely unknown
and at the far right of the party. To date, Secretary of State Mike Cooney (D) is the only
announced candidate for the governor in 2000. Other Democrats expected to join the primary
race are Attorney General Joe Mazurek (D) and State Auditor Mark O'Keefe (D). The primary
is slated for June 2000.
North Carolina: Governor Jim Hunt (D) is term-limited. In 1996, he defeated Robin Hayes (R)
56% - 43%. North Carolina is shaping up like recent races in Alabama and South Carolina, where the
lottery-education issue is at the center of the campaign. Lt. Governor Dennis Wicker (D) and Attorney
General Mike Easley (D), the leading potential Democratic candidates, support the lottery. All three
likely GOP hopefuls for governor are lottery opponents.
Democratic Incumbents
Indiana: In 1996, Governor Frank O'Bannon (D) came from behind to defeat Indianapolis Mayor
Steve Goldsmith (R) 52 - 47. He served as Lt. Governor for eight years under then Governor
Evan Bayh (D). He consistently posts approval ratings in the 70 s, and is in strong shape for his
reelection campaign next year.
New Hampshire: Gubernatorial elections in New Hampshire are held every two years. Governor
Jeanne Shaheen in expected to run and win again in 2000. In 1998, she won a second term as
governor 65% - 35% over Jay Lucas. In 1996, she won a first term by defeating Ovide Lamontagne
(R) 57% - 40%.
Vermont: Gubernatorial elections in Vermont are also held every two years. Governor Howard
Dean (D), who first assumed office in '91, won his bid for reelection last November by defeating Ruth
Dwyer (R) 56% to 41 %. Dean served as DGA chair in 1997-98.
Washington: Governor Gary Locke (D-W A) faces reelection in 2000. He was first elected in 1996
by defeating his Republican opponent Ellen Craswell (R), 58% - 42%. Locke made history in 1996 by
becoming the nation's first elected Chinese-American governor. Locke has been a very popular
governor. To date, he faces no primary opponent. On the Republican side, 1998 senate nominee and
former Rep. Linda Smith is likely to run.
Republican Incumbents
North Dakota: While Gov. Edward Schafer (R) has not announced whether he will run in 2000,
it is likely that he will. In 1992, Schafer won the governship by defeating Nicholas Spaeth (D)
58% - 41 %. In 1996, Schafer beat Lee Kaldor (D) 66% - 34% to retain his seat.
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Utah: Governor Leavitt (R) is expected to run and win easily in 2000. Recently, he has emerged as
a strong voice of reform in the aftermath of the Olympic scandal. In 1996, Leavitt beat Jim Bradley
(D) 75% - 23% for a second term.
West Virginia: Governor Cecil Underwood (R) was first elected governor in 1956, making him
the nation's youngest governor at age 34. When he was reelected in 1996, he became the
nation's oldest governor at age 74. Former state tax secretary James Paige III (D) filed
pre-candidacy papers announcing his decision to run for Governor. Paige joins Rep. Bob Wise
(D) and Charleston Attorney Jim Lees (D) as the likely candidates in the race to unseat Governor
Underwood.
HOT ISSUES
We wanted to brief you on a few "hot" issues facing governors who do not face races in 1999-2000,
but which we felt should be noted for you.
Alabama: Governor Don Siegelman (D) defeated Fob James last November 58% - 42% to win his
first term as governor. The biggest question in Alabama right now is whether Siegelman will get
the education lottery on which he campaigned. The lottery will require a constitutional
amendment, and Siegelman will have a tough time getting a lottery special election bill passed by
the legislature when they convene next month. Religious and conservative groups are still very
much against the plan. On his first day in office, Siegelman signed an executive order
instructing school administrators to begin the process of removing portable classrooms.
Iowa: In a dramatic come-from-behind race, state Senator Vilsack (D) defeated former Rep.
Jim Ross Lightfoot (R) 53% - 46% to become Iowa's first Democratic governor in 30 years. He
follows Governor Terry Branstad (R), who had served as governor since 1983.
A Des Moines Register poll conducted January 22 - 25 showed Governor Tom Vilsack's (D) job
approval rating is 57%, his disapproval rating is only 5%, while 38% were unsure.
The two hottest issues in the Iowa state legislature are education initiatives and
methamphetamine use. The Governor and the Legislature have agreed on a three-part school
finance package that includes a 4% increase in per-pupil spending for the 2001 budget year, a
guarantee that school districts with enrollment losses would be allowed to spend the same
amount next year on regular programs as this year, and accelerated state aid totaling $4 million
for districts with growing enrollments. Governor Vilsack is now trying to get a five-year plan
approved which would further increase education spending, limit K-3 class sizes to 17 students,
and demand accountability from local school districts. The legislature likely will pass a
weakened version of the plan.
Governor Vilsack has put forth a plan which addresses education, treatment and law
enforcement. The most controversial part of his plan calls for mandatory life sentences for
those caught selling meth to children. RepUblicans are debating the issue. This stance has
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made Vilsack appear to be the hawk and Republicans the doves when it comes to getting tough
with drug pushers.
Vilsack and his Lt. Governor, Sally Pederson, have a very strong partnership, much like your
relationship with the Vice President. Vii sack and Pederson are developing a reinventing government
initiative, modeled after the Vice President's NPR program.
New Jersey: Wednesday's surprise announcement by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D) have
Governor Christie Todd Whitman (R) seriously weighing a bid for the Senate. Whitman's
moderate policies as governor nearly guarantee her a primary challenge from the conservative
wing of the party, and a primary could drive a large wedge in the New Jersey GOP. In 1994,
Lautenberg beat Chuck Hayataian (R) 50% - 47% in a very bitter race. In 1988, Lautenberg won the
Senate seat 54% - 46% over Peter Dawkins (R).
Attachments: Map
Map
Map
Map
of Partisan Control of Governorships in 1999
of 1999 Governor Elections by Partisan Status
of2000 Governor Elections by Partisan Status
of2000 U.S. Senate Elections by Partisan Status
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Elena Kagan
Description
An account of the resource
<div>
<p>Elena Kagan worked as Associate White House Counsel from 1995-1996 and Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (DPC) from 1997-1999.</p>
<p>During her work at the White House Justice Kagan worked on many topics including, but not limited to: AIDS, budget appropriations, campaign finance reform, education, health, labor, race, tobacco, Native Americans, and welfare.</p>
<p>In 1999 President Clinton nominated Kagan to the U.S. District Court of Appeals, no hearing was ever scheduled and she was thereby never confirmed.</p>
<p>Note: These records were made available in response to a <a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/freedom-of-information-act-requests">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a> request, FOIA 2009-1006-F. This collection contains both records created by Elena Kagan and records concerning Elena Kagan. </p>
<p><strong>Descriptions of the Sub Collections:</strong></p>
<ul><li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Elena+Kagan%27s+White+House+Counsel+Files&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">White House Counsel Files</a></strong><br /> These records consist of files created and received by Elena Kagan when she served as Associate Counsel to President Clinton from 1995 to 1996. The files include but are not limited to records concerning Amtrak, campaign finance reform, gaming/gambling (especially as it relates to Native Americans), timber, regulatory reform, and welfare. The records include memoranda, notes, correspondence, articles, reports, executive orders, bills, and directives.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Elena+Kagan%27s+Domestic+Policy+Council+Files&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Domestic Policy Council Files</a></strong><br />These records contain files created and received by Elena Kagan when she served as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (DPC) from 1997-1999. The files include records concerning domestic policy topics such as AIDS, budget appropriations, campaign finance reform, education, health, labor, race, tobacco, and welfare. The records include memoranda, correspondence, articles, and reports.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=White+House+Staff+%26+Office+Files+re+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">White House Staff Files re Elena Kagan</a></strong><br />These records are compiled from a variety of staff office files including the Chief of Staff, Personnel, Office of First Lady, Counsel, and DPC and include correspondence, memorandum, forms, and reports all concerning or having to do with Elena Kagan.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=White+House+Office+of+Records+Management+Files+re+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">White House Office of Records Management Files (WHORM)</a></strong><br />These records are from the White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) subject file series. The Clinton Presidential Library inherited a document-level index maintained by WHORM during the Clinton Administration which tracked some incoming correspondence and other documents as they were circulated throughout the White House and filed by WHORM. The records contain files created and received by Elena Kagan that were tracked by the WHORM Subject File index. The files include records related to a variety of topics such as memoranda, correspondence, and Domestic Policy Council weekly reports. The records are tracked by an alpha/numeric code, and are listed as such.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Elena+Kagan%27s+1999+Nomination+to+U.S.+Court+of+Appeals&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Elena Kagan's 1999 Nomination to U.S. Court of Appeals</a></strong><br />After serving as the Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council, Elena Kagan was nominated to serve on the U.S. Appeals Court for the District of Columbia (D.C. Circuit) in1999. Her nomination expired in 2000 without Senate action. The files in this opening contain records from the White House Staff and Office Files, Counsel’s Office and Presidential Personnel, concerning her nomination. The records consist of Senate Judiciary Committee questionnaires, correspondence, law review files, news articles, briefs, and press briefings.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Email+Received+by+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Email Received by Elena Kagan</a></strong><br />These records consist of email received by Elena Kagan during her time as Associate White House Counsel from 1995-1996 and Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (DPC) from 1997-1999. In addition to the email proper, these messages include forwards, reply chains, and attachments. The attached documents include notes, memorandum, articles, reports, executive orders, bills, and directives. These email concern a myriad of topics including but not limited to Amtrak, campaign finance reform, gaming/gambling (especially as it relates to Native Americans), timber, regulatory reform, welfare and domestic policy topics such as AIDS, budget appropriations, education, health, labor, race, and tobacco.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Email+Sent+by+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Email Sent by Elena Kagan</a></strong><br />These records consist of email sent by Elena Kagan during her time as Associate White House Counsel from 1995-1996 and Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (DPC) from 1997-1999. In addition to the email proper, these messages include forwards, reply chains, and attachments. The attached documents include notes, memorandum, articles, reports, executive orders, bills, and directives. These email concern a myriad of topics including but not limited to Amtrak, campaign finance reform, gaming/gambling (especially as it relates to Native Americans), timber, regulatory reform, welfare and domestic policy topics such as AIDS, budget appropriations, education, health, labor, race, and tobacco.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Elena+Kagan%27s+Records+re+Native+Americans&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Elena Kagan's Records re Native Americans</a></strong><br />These records were created or received by Elena Kagan during her service as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (1997-99). These ten folders were previously opened as part of a Freedom of Information Act request related to Native Americans (FOIA case <a href="http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/Documents/Finding-Aids/2006/2006-0197-F%28seg%203%29.pdf" target="_blank">2006-0197-F</a>).These records consist of memoranda, emails, reports, notes, and clippings.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Additional+Materials+re+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Additional Materials re Elena Kagan</a></strong><br />These records were taken from the files of Elena Kagan. They include memos to, from, and relating to Elena Kagan’s work on Domestic Policy issues. The records include some memos from Elena Kagan to President Clinton.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=70&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Federal+Email+re+Elena+Kagan&range=&collection=&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">Federal Email re Elena Kagan</a></strong><br />The federal email re: Elena Kagan consists of 114 email messages that were part of the Federal side of the Clinton White House. The email generally consists of summaries of meetings or telephone conversations in which Elena Kagan was a participant.</li>
</ul></div>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2009-1006-F
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Office of the Counsel to the President
Domestic Policy Council
First Lady's Office
White House Office of Records Management
Chief of Staff
White House Office for Women's Initiative and Outreach
Automated Records Management System
Tape Restoration Project
Security Office
Presidential Personnel
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995-1999
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2945 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Magnetic Disk: Hard Drive
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
[02/20/1999 – 02/21/1999]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WHO
Automated Records Management System
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2009-1006-F
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Email Received by Elena Kagan
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/574745" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
6/18/2010
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
ARMS - Box 090 - Folder 002
574745