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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE·
SUBJECT!TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
001a. memo
Memorandum for John Podesta from Neal Lane. SubjectL U.S.-U.K.
JOINT STATEMENT ON THE HUMAN GENOME. (1 page)
03i08/2000
P5
OOlb. memo
attachment
Joint Statement to Ensure that Discoveries from the Human Genome
are used to Advance Human Health (1 page)
03/08/2000
P5
OOlc. memo
attachment
Joint Statement on the Human Genome Questions and Answers. (2
pages)·
03/08/2000
P5
002. note
From David Beier [Concerning the Human Genome Project] (1 page)
03/08/2000
P5
003. memo
Memorandum for the President from Neal Lane. Subject: Gene .
Patents. (2 pages)
02111/2000
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hulrburt
OA!Box Number: 19909
FOLDER TITLE:
Binder: Briefmg Materials for MOS/MOT Event Access to Information on the Human
Genome March 14, 2000
2008-0700-F
abl219
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S. C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial cir
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) ofthe FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA] ·
.
·
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
·
concerning wellS [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3) ..
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�·"
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASH lNGTON
March 8, 2000
MEMORANDUM FOR JOHN PODESTA
FROM:
NEAL LANE
SUBJECT:
U.S.-U.K. JOINT STATEMENT ON THE HUMAN GENOME
We are hoping to announce the U.S.-U.K. Joint Statement on access to human genome sequence
data at the 3/14 Medal of Science/Medal ofTechnology awards ceremony (draft attached). We
are very close to agreement on the text of the statement. However, it's not the text but the tight
deadline between now and next Tuesday that seems to be their chief concern. I am told that a
call from you to Jonathan Powell, the Prime Minister's Chief of Staff, could put this effort on
track.
.
.
.
Jonathan Powell's phone number is 171-270-3000- note that the U.K. is 6 hours ahead
What you might say is•
This is an opportunity to set the record straight on our governments' policy with respect to
rapid access to genome data, especially given the recentHGP/Celera flap. We want to make
it clear that we endorse the principle of rapid, open access to fundamental genome sequence
data.
•
The joint statement strikes a balance between advocating wide access to fundamental
sequence data and the need to offer incentives to the private sector in order to encourage
investment.
•
It plays to the desire to maximize the return on the public investment in genome research and
make the results freely available--a message that should resonate with patients and perhaps
even those who object to gene patenting.
.
•
We will do everything possible to make this a joint event, recognizing the British ambassador
if he is able to attend the event at the White House. We consider this to be the American
equivalent of the Nobel Prize awards.
•
We might also suggest the idea of the joint op-ed for next Tuesday or Wednesday with Bruce
Alberts, president ofthe National Academy of Sciences, and Sir Aaron Klug, president ofthe
British Royal Society.
Attachments
�..
Draft- March 8, 2000
JOINT STATEMENT TO ENSURE THAT
DISCOVERIES FROM THE HUMAN GENOME
ARE USED TO ADVANCE HUMAN HEALTH
In the last decade of the twentieth century, scientists from around the world initiated one
of the most significant scientific projects of all time: to determine the DNA sequence of the
entire human genome, the human gen~tic blueprint. Progressing ahead of schedule; human
genome research is rapidly advancing our understanding of the causes of human disease and will
serve as the foundation for development of a new generation of effective treatments, preventions,
·
·
and cures.
To realize the full promise of this research, raw fundamental data on the human genome,
· including the human DNA sequence and its variations, should be made freely available to
scientists everywhere. Unencumbered access to this information will promote discoveries that
will reduce the burden of disease, improve health around the world, and enhance the quality of
life for all humankind. Intellectual property protection for fundamental genome sequence
information that has been isolated from its natural state and shown to be useful will play an
important role in stimulating the development of important new gene-based health care products.
We applaud the decision by scientists working on the Human Genome Project to release
raw fundamental information about the human DNA sequence and its variants rapidly into the
public domain, and we commend other scientists around the world to adopt this policy.
�Draft:--- 3/8/00
Joint Statementon the Humaq Genome
Questions and Answers
Question: How does the President feel about access to information on the human genome?
Answer: "We've got to get the basic information out to everybody who might find some .
particular use for it,'' the President said in an Oval Office interview with three news
organizations on February 10. "To me, it's pretty clear what the policy ought to be."
_Question: To whom is this statement addressed-- individual scientists, biotech companies, or ,
others?
.
Answer: The statement is addressed to every party engaged in human genome sequencing,
·
·
regardless of source of funding or intended use of information.
Question: Why are you issuing this statement at this time?
Answer: It is becoming very clear that fundamental data about the human genome is needed for
development of gene-based health care products and other advances in biological science. The
sooner this information is shared, the sooner these developments will occur.
Question: Whaf is the relationship between this statement and the ongoing controversy about a
cooperative relationship between the Human Genome Project and the Cetera Genomics Corp?
Are you trying to pressure Cetera into releasing information?
Answer: This statement was not crafted or conceived as a part of a strategy relating to any
pending commercial dispute. Rather it is made in recognition of the fundamental importance of
the underlying science and the need for a balanced set of policies. The United States and the
United Kingdom have discussed the principles of this statement for many months. The statement
does not require Cetera or anyorie else to release information. The point of the statement is that
development of a new generation of treatments, preventions and cures will be greatly accelerated
if raw data about the human genome, which is not patentable, is widely shared.
Question: Aren't you asking Cetera and others to release information, which they have spent a
considerable amount to develop? Won't that simply allow others to profit from their investment?
Answer: The statement refers to the release of information that is not subject to patent
protection. Companies may choose to release it in a way that protects their investment through
contractual agreements that allow wide and easy access to the information. However, the two
governments believe strongly that it is in the interest of public health for this information to be
widely distributed as soon as-possible.
Question: What are the implications of this statement for what can be patented?
The statement has no implications for what can be patented. Patent law dictates
criteria for patentability and nothing in this statement supercedes these criteria. Raw sequence
data is not patentable at this time because it cannot meet the patent law requirement for a specific
and substantial utility. This policy statement has the het effect of restating current US patent
~nswer:
�policy with respect to what is patentable subject matter. The statement goes further by·
expressing the aspirational goal of putting as much as possible into the public domain. This
public domain oriented approach is the explicit policy of the government with respect to
government funded research. It is also the approach taken by some in the private sector (The
SNP Coalition, Washington Univ. effort sponsored by Merck et al., and the Welcome Trust).
·This statement expresses commendation for this approach when taken by either the public or
private sector.·
Question: What does the statement mean for persons who are claiming patent protection for
discoveries about the human genome?
Answer: T-he statement refers to "raw fundamental data" regarding the human genome, which
generally does not qualify for patent protection because there is no immediate use of this
information other than to use it for further research. Wider distribution of this information will
stimulate inventions that can be patented.
Question: Does the statement represent a change in patent policy?
Answer: The statement does not represent a change in patent policy. The United States Paterit
and Trademark Office has recently issued statements regarding patent claims regarding the
human genome, which have imposed additional requirements for establishing valid claims. For
example, PTO' s new guidelines require that patent claims be more specifi~ about the usefulness
of the invention. The PTO will continue to evaluatepatent claims to make sure th9-t they meet
these requirements.
�GUPY.
From David Beier- 317/00
I believe that the joint declaration we sent to the UK is a good, sound ancl accurate description of
cun'ent US patent law and that we should NOT agree with the change proposed by the British.
Second, Jeff was kind enough to share the draft Q+A. This should be reviewed by the PTO. In
addition, we need to avoid getting into the Celera Collins dispute by stressing the following:
* The single most important development in human biology in the short term will be the ·
completion of the sequencing of the human genome. Important contributions to this result have
been made by government-funded research activity. In recent years, significant advances have
also been made by the private sector.
*The single biggest challenge to humankind from these advances will be to take this vast
storehouse of information and to rapidly develop new products to diagnose and treat human
diseases. That process will require continl!ed support for government research. It will also
require an appropriate environment for the private sector to develop new products, including
appropriate intellectual property-protection.
* Our patent system has been an instrumental driver in the development of the American
biotechnology industry, and through that process lead to scores of new therapies, treatments and
cures for serious diseases and conditions. That system can, when appropriately calibrated,
balance the interests of the public in stimulating innovation! protecting against free riding with
the need to put additional information into the public domain, as well as setting appropriate
limits on the scope and duration of patent protection.
* This policy statement has the net effect of restating current US patent policy with
respect to what is patentable subject matter. The statement goes further by expressing the
aspirational goal of putting as much as possible into the public domain. This public domain
oriented approach is the explicit policy of the government with respect to government funded
research. It is also the approach taken by some in the private sector (The SNP Consortium,
Washington Univ. effort sponsored by Merck et al., and the WellcomeTrust). This statement
expresses commendation for this approach when taken by either the public or private sector.
* This statement was·not crafted or conceived as apart of a strategy relating to any
pending commercial dispute. Rather it is made in recognition of the fundamental importance of
the underlying science and the need for a balanced set of policies.
�--------------
--
-----------------------------------------------------------.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. letter
DATE
SUBJECTffiTLE
05/01/2000
Edgar Bronfinan to Hillary Clinton (1 page)
RESTRICTION
_l
P5, P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlburt
0 A/Box Number: 19911
FOLDER TITLE:
Binder: Holocaust Restitution
2008-0700-F
wr550
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] \
-PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA]
-P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
· PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record -misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
'RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
b(l) National security ciassified information [(b)(l) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
·
.b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) ofthe FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) ofthe FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted-invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
. financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
�U 0 I
u U
I
v v
.. ""' • .., v
.a. ... - . .
-
- -
.MAY-01-2000 t10N 06:22 PM
r~
~
i
. Edgar M. BrQnfman
/
Dear Hillary,
(b)(6)
I spoke -.itb BiU lhc olbcr .:lay about du: dinner on Sept. ll. It has to be that c'YCninc be.:ause
tba1's lhe an1y lime lhe Waldorfis fPc. We are pluming a rCa1 gala, and you and dle Pruident -are th.:
centerpiece~ W• will bonot aU lbOIC wbo wae insaumeatal in •chit'Yin& rcsrliUttoD of &talen Holocaust
asscu. I am hopinslhtt Prtme.Minis~f Ehuo Blllk WJ'll chair dl• dioaer. and I plm &o call bim as soon ~
you and til~ President ccmflrm lite .tate.. the other lnvib:a will be AYI"'hhm Hinhsoft. the chairman of-the ·
K.nc:&sct eommlt=e en Jtatitutioo, IAib lbbin who will KCCpC an •ward a \lehalfofYltzhak. Pau\
Volcker,. Aim Hevesj, wba~C cammittcD of SliCe officas was msmuncn!al in making tbe Swiss banlcs cave:~
.\I D' Amato .nd Jim Lucb.. I ha- also dcclided r.o invitc BB Ncaoyahu because bjs behavior in 'e our
iS111e was absolutii'Y firSt dasa. JU.$1 before ycu and 11\e~lldle PraideDt are sdH:duJed to ror::eive your award!
I ~a\lld like to ba\IO Shl.rt l!izCn,SUil hoaorecll plaq to presaR 11\e haiLoiS to )'OU and the Pres1dl!n~. in C)l'le .
speitdl (short) aDd !hen have you aad filulllY thlllllraiclcnl reply. !Kit of the pn:senCR15 and t'he benoru$.
e~cept rar you and die president, wiU be 1im.ited to two minuteS. sll'icdy ~~nrar=d- Same af the ;ward$ will
mrt chc evening. llftci more will be 1lven am af\.er llic IQ&in ~11c, BDd lheli Stwu1, you and the presidcnr
wm be d\e real dcuat.
lfyou ar med:lbcrs of die 'White Houae .AaffbaVe qiJCIUGIU ar su~ons. ple:ase send than to
me. l bopt it Will be a gr:af. evealna. I hDpc it will ba" dtl: clesire4 c~ of~lling- the Je'IWS orl~ew York
mat you played • vJtll role iQ tbc rcsdtution prcJQe:ll. •:·
r
.
Sincerely IDd faitbfbUy :rours,
~~.
The Fim Lld1 HiDaiY bdbun CHidDQ
'The White House
·
1600 Paltlaylvul1-'"C11C. N.W.
·
·WuhiJigU~n. D.C. 20500
vn. F~imils'NP. (21ll fd..fon
OPllOfiiAL FOAM ~ (1-QID)
FAX TRANSMITTAL
PI\OIIe I
.&4:
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
DATE
SUBJECTffiTLE
RESTRICTION
001a. memo
Video Request. To Stephanie Street from Minyon Moore. Request: A
videio for the Dedication and Celebration of the Lawrence Family
Jewish Community Center. (1 page)
03/17/2000
P5
001b. fax
Fax Cover Sheet from Marcia Wolochow to Minyon MooreNincent
Fry Regarding Draft for President Clinton's Remarks for Video
Greeting, JCC Dedication and Celebration, La Jolla, CA April 9,
03117/2000
P5
1211511999
P6/b(6)
2000. (6 pages)
002. memo
Midge Costanza to John Podesta [partial] (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlb~rt
OA!Box Number: 19909
FOLDER TITLE:
December 199-WH:·Videos Varmus and Galinson
2008-0700-F
wr547
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S. C. SS2(b)l
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(t) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency ((b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA)
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financiai
information )(b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells )(b)(9) of the FOIA)
National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA]
Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
Release would violate a Federal statute ((a)(3) of the PRA]
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information ((a)(4) of the PRA]
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�VIDEO REQUEST
ACCEPT
TO:
Stephanie Streett
Assistant to the President and Director of Scheduling and
Advance for the President
FROM:
Minyan Mqore
Assistant to the President and Director of Political Affairs
REQUEST:
A Video for the Dedication and Celebration of the
.Lawrence Fami~y Jewish Community Center
I
· PURPOSE:
Dedication and Celebration Event
BACKGROUND:
The JCC is a full-service, non-sectarian social service
agency, and has been expanded-and renovated from 27,000
square feet to 97,000 square feet.
DATE AND TIME OF EVENT:
April9, 2000
DURATION:
1-2 minutes
LOCATION OF EVENT:
Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center
Jacobs Family Campus
Mendell Weiss Eastgate City Park
4126 ExeGutive Drive
La Jolla, CA 92037
SCRIPT:
Script Attached
SOURCE OF PAYMENT:
Lawrence Family Jewi~h Community Center
.
.··· .
·CONTACT:
Minyon Moore or Vincent Fry, 6-791 0
ORIGIN OF THIS PROPOSAL:
Marcia Wolochow
Ad08
; ·:.:~. ~::.·
�t-'HUM WULUL,;HUVY. U/M__ _!_ ~4b~ I 4fc::Jb
b
P. 1
~JCC
LAWRENCE FAMILY JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTERS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY
JACOBS FAMILY CAMPUS
. SOARD 01" DIRECTORS
.Prealde11t
CaiYiacobs
Pr<~:tlclo;J>( ele"
FAX COVER SHEET
F'red~ric:k sChenk
VIce Prestde11tt
Phylll111ipr.t61r\
Rob~~v~;r~~:
Ana.Rothm8r\
From: Marcia Wofochow
, Phone: (858)453-6826
·. Fax:
(858)452-1406
l:!runo Woll~num
, Email:mrwolochow@ aol.com
Treuurer
fc.:ll Olazcr
s..Ctetary
Rachel Erau
lmmedtate Past Prestde11t
· •iodd Kobernlck
l'led euanoWllk•
• E:ugene Berkenstadt
Marsha Berkson
MattBrowar
t.lnd;,CH~on
Sherry Oclscn
lc11n Caylls
To: _Minyan MooreNincent Fry·.
The White House --- ... _·
Fax: (202) 783.. 0007
Zt:ldu Gotidmun
~lfbar~
HJJwwth
K11nr llyrkt~n
Number of pages transmitted irtcl~ding cover sheet: 6
Ie!l/ac::t)h.~
lo-Ann Iaffll
· ·red K.lplan
L.atry Ka!X
•()avid Kmll
Leslye Lyons
Mlfrtle Meyer
I:!Obbye Mor~an
Sura n Morris
left Platt
•KQnncth (),Polin
. lull~ l'llti~cr
Crllil>: S~i•l~•uu
Kathryn Simkin
Matcl,l fiutl,~l!rky
Ruthl Walburg
uavid wax
ADVISORY BOARD
MeiL~$$ 01\rflr.ld Rurtcll
• 1\d~(lr ~rncr
l.c:-.)11~
Cuopl
Onvldl':llmttn
slsrtd Fischer
f>aullne t·o~ter
Hank·Ciotthelf
Sonia Ancoii!Stael
Irwin Jacobs
. , lou n Jacobs
Here is the draft of copy" for the video President Clinton will be doing for the
Dedication and Celebration of the Law~ence Family Jewish Community
Center, Jacobs Family Campus that is laking place April 9, 2000.
Please contact me with instructions for rnaking the $500 payment to cover the
costs of production. .
··
·
. .
}
Please also advise as to the format of the video (VHS or Beta). We need to
arrange for a projector to fit the format,; ·
Thank you for your help: Please contaCt me if you have
concerning the JCC.
· ..
:
·,
.. ···"·
-·
Arthur l.cvfn~on
lim Nic:mwn
PHppl.lll••l•m
Psppelb.<.um
l..llwrc-ncc Sherman
Rl'l~lyl'l
·~anley
· EXECIJ1'1V~ DIRE:CTO~
Mi<'htl~l
C11ht:n
ASSOCIATS
I!XIi:CU1'1Vt Dl~ECTO!t
Nate Stein
CONTROLLER
Nancy Johnson
•j')"'t ~lt:J\i~ftt1{
3
.
.
CO:SS FAMli..Y CAMPUS
. ·
·
·
·
ndeii_Weiss Eastgate City Park • 412o Ex~cutlvc Drive. L-a Jolla, CA 92037
any questions
�t- KUM
WULULiMUVV, U/M b I !::l4::l'=:: I
P.2
Q.~b.
~JCC
LAWRENCE FAMILY JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTERS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY
JACOBS FAMILY CAMPUS
l!OARD OF DIRECTORS
President
O•Jty lucub~
Pttildent Elet:t
l'rederlch. sch~t11k
Vlc;e Presidents
Phylli' Epstdn
D\lvicl Odfcn
Rubttrt lo\IWI'I:MCI.'
Ano R~>t~mun
Draft for President Elinton'~J.~.emarks for Video· Greeting,
JCC Dedication and Celebra~on; La Jolla, CA, April9,2000
Druno Wolfen~on
'Y'l'easurer
JcffCiazcr
.March i7, 2000
$<;<;1'$ry
Rild\Cll Br1,1u
Conta.ct person: Marcia Woloch.ow (858) 453-6826
llnrtu:H:ll;a~., Pnt Pr~dcnt
·~d
l<obcmlck
Fred Baranowski
• F.uecno Bc:r~cnstadt
M;;t'llhu Ber~son ·
Mi\lt Orc>wur
Good afternoon!
Li11da C:..r$()1'1
Sherry oelsen
tean Gaylls
Zelda Coodman
Barbara ~taworth ·
Kent Hytken
laff Jacob~ .
Jo-Ann taffe
Ted Kaplan
Larry Katz
•David Kroll
LA:slya Lyons
Martie Meyer
Robbyc M~>rr.an
Su:.<Un Morris
fell PluU
• K<ll'lnl'lrh 0. Pnlin
1~11~ Purlko:r
craii&:hioM
Kathryn !Simkin
Marcia Sud11l~ky
Ruthl W:arbur~.t
David Wax
ADVISORY 'BOA~I)
MltliAM 0<trll~ld B(lrlCIJ
•r-.deor ~rno:r
Hillary joins me in sending greetings and congratulations to
the entire community of San Diego as it proudly celebrates and
dedicates the newly-expanded and renovated Lawrence Family
·Jewish Community Center, Jacobs Family Campus.
With modem, .spa~_9us facilj.ties for mu$ic, plays., film, art,
--··· ···-·-·
.
.
books, early child~ood education, plus state-of-the-art physical
fitness facilities, the JCC provide~ San Diegans with an
~::
. L.lo.IIJit<O)Apl
David Ellman
st~tld M~cher
l'aulinEt ~oster
Hank Cotthelf
S<Jnlu An<.-oli h1racl
ltwln IU<.'Ob\1
· lot~ n );,t<;Obu
Arthur L.evilllo(lll
lim Nleun..,l'l
J<oselyn Pappelh~llll\
•Stanley PappelbtttuYt
Lawrence !Sherman
J;;XSCUTIVE DIRECTOI\
Mlc:hut:IC'oocn
ASSOCIAT£
EXIOCUTI~ DIRECTOR
N..resr ..in
CON'rROLLER
N'lncy iohi"SOI'
..
'
opportunity to expand their horqons .~hUe strengthening family
ties.
Our families and neighborhoods are the building blocks for
a stronger country; you can take pride in the fact that many
people, working together toward a common goal, have
•fli\.1.tf"r~itit·nr
--..:.._
Unlt.r.11Woy/CHA0
3
.
.
----.
-more-
.
OBS FAMILY CAMPUS
· ·
ndell Weiss Eastgate City Park • 4126 Executive Drive.La Jolla. CA 92037
�.
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Lawrence Family JCC Page 2
P.3
c 1 ;::J<+O..:: 1 '-J.~c
Draft remarks, President Clinton
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accomplished what you see all ai9und you---a place for growth, .
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enrichment, health and -fitness, artistic expression, and most of all;
a-sense·of community.
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You are.to be commended for your programs for children,
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and the way you have emb.raced_::cltildren with special needs.
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Your programs for senior adults ~elp then\ keep active, involved,
and an integral part of the life of your Center. Such caring is a
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virtue to be emulated by all of us;
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As we celebrate this beg~g in a new buildipg, it's ·
important that we:·remember wh~t it took to get here--the hard
work and generosity of many individuals. ·I especially want to .
thank
my good friends Joan and !rwin Jacobs, for their exemplary
leadership in the S~ Dieg.o co~Unity. The involvement of four .
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. generations of their family is one "!,nor~ example of the significance
of ''Dor L'Dor" --from g:~;a_t1on} to generation
I wish you all many years of active enjoyment in this
sparkling new facility; I'm sure the JCC will truly be the center of
San Diego's Jewish Community! ·
###
A.dOQ
�r I"'>UIVI
P.4.
t:l I ::::140.<:: I <+IQC
YYUL...UvnUYY, U / M
Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center
JACOBS FAMILY CAlV!PUS
Background Information for President Clinton's Video for the
·
Dedication and Celebration Event on April 9, 2000
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The JCC is a full.-service, non-sectarian social serv~ce agency that provkies educational,
recr~ational, soda! ~nd cultural progra.ms for people of all ages and interests.
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The first San Diego County JCC datE$ back to 194?. ·That Center in the eastern part of
the county was alandmark for over 40 years; In l982 the community leaders
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negotiated a one dollar, fifty-year lease with the City of San Diego to build a second JCC
in the North City area. In 1999 that lease was exte.nded for another 50 years.
In 1986 a 27~000 square foot building was construC:ted. That building has been
expanded and renovated. On April 9,. 2000 the JCC .will be dedicating a new 97,000
square foot facility -we have tripled in siZe. The;e are three major complexes to ser-Ve
the community:
• THE GUCKMAN /GAUNSON EARLY~CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
COMPLEX
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• THE POTIKER FAMILY ARTS AND CtJLTURE COMPLEX
• THE SPORTS, FITNESS AND AQUATI¢s COMPLEX
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The completion of the construction marks the end of tryears of planning and three
years of building. More than 15 million dollars were raised in a capital campaign led by
Capital Campaign Chairpersons, Joan and Irwin Jacobs and their son, Gary Jacobs,
President of theJCC.
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The April 9th Dedication Ceremony padicipants
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will include Capital Campaign
Chairpersons Joan and Irwin Jacobs, Gary Jacobs,·President of the JCC, incoming J~C
President Frederick Schenk, California Governor Gray Davis, Elaine and Murray
Galinson, Congressional, State, and City Coundl ~epresentatives.
Ad08
�3-17-2~00
6:01PM
FROM WOLOCHOW.D/M 6194521406
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P.S
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SOME FACTS:
• 2200 membership units (serving over 10,000 m~mbers)
• 70,000 visit~rper month
'
•90% of income is self-generated from membership and program feesr 10% from grants .
. • The preschool serves over 230 chil~ren and is the largest Jewish preschool in San
Diego.
• Camp Jaycee serves over 850 children and is
C~Iifornia~ qn one site.
the largest Jewish d·ay camp in
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• The Indtl&i<:>n Progriliil brings child_ren with c:Ii¥biUtles i,P,to all JCC activities. It was
the first of its kind in San Diego and is being em+ted by the YMCA SI Boys and Girls
Clubs and other agencies.
1
• A 11.e1tionaUy r«ognized ~ltu.ral art!) pJ:Ogr2lnlmdu~es:
·• The Jewiah Film :fe_stival/15,900 ila<ets~ld ·
• The JewiSh Book Fair/7,500 people, 2,000 titles, 25 authors
• The StreiSa.nd Festival of New Jewish Pl~ys/ sells out
• 750 Seniors per w¢ek w;e the fl1cility for educ~tional, fitness and wellness,
recreational, and social programs
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· . • Over 200 people per day use the Fi~~ss Center{
• The Olympic-size pool is in use from 6:30AM tintillO:OO PM
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• Over 3,000 people per week enjoy bllSketball, volleyball, and martial arts in the NBA
size gymnasiUm.
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. •Out-door facilities include baseball and soccer fi~lds and the Mandell Weiss Eastgate
City Park, a public park built by :the JCC for -the e9-tire. ~om~unity.
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Have you heard.the news? We have
tripled in size to make the Lawr-ence Family
.Tewish Community Center better than ever!
Cl..
"Co.,.munity is our middle name"' w
.. ·~~W{..~:··· .. ,.,J'o;cobs.·& Kf~i6{)<·. . -· :~.>t~i
....
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The newry expanded and renovated
Jacobs family Campus pi-ovid~ members
with on excitin9 ar"ray of recreational activi. ties, social programs and services. We offer
state-of-the-art eq~ipment and facilities,
highly qualified. and friendfy staff members,
as well as an· of the cultura.l and social
enrichment programs you've come to expect
·from tne JCC.
:.;:
Our new Potil'<er Family Arts and eurture.
Complex is a beautiful venue to experience arts QJ1d
entertainment. The 500-seat David and D-orothea
Go.rfield ·Theatre wifl be used for performances,
bonqu~ts:and receptions. Also in the Compfex: ·
Mandell Weiss :Theatre Rotunda * Viterbi 'Family
Galleriai _* Fost~r:Ratner Performing Arts Education
Center_* ~cn:theJf AH Gallery and more.
Over 50· years ago, th~. development
of the first :rcc on 54th Street was a landmark for the community. In 1982. we opened.
a second location in partnership with the City
of San l)iego which includes the: Mandell:
Weiss
I
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Eastgote,CifY Park. After:outgrowing' ·
the:JaciJity within .. a decade, the Board of
Directors planned · the ·Get Centered"
Capital Campaign; Ied by .Joan and I.rWin
Jacobs, for the expansion and renovation of ·;
t
·. ··
.the J'CC~o We'·hdve 'tripled ii'r siiEl: 'wrtidh'e''
completion of the 97,000 squcire;..foot facili- ·
ty and we welcome you to enjoy all that we
have to offer. ·
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..... '·: . ,,· ~g~_rly· ·cMdh.ood, Educc;ttio~ ~~mpJ~ :· :~=~~~ :· :.•
The . Gfickman+Galinson Eo.rly Childhood
Education Complex is a wonderful P.lace of lear-ning
for all children. The ' prog!"<lms are desi9ned ·to
develop;the:social. e.motioM!, physicaf. ond jnteUectuafweJP-being of each child. The Nierman Preschool .
.::: ~<;:·s~nrar.·.center & Ecu.cation:·~Wing~i;;.
··=-·~
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Thrs beautiful wing has the new 3.( ISl
square-foot Astor .Judaica Library, the Ja. ~
Senior lou"9e and the· Rady Education Center.
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3:
We ltave revised our programming Md cc
plet~ly renovated the complex ta better meet Y•
needs. We have en updated schedule of classes, c
highJy qoo.lified fitness instructors end profe.ssi·
als, eager to help you achieve your- health and fitm
goals! The .Jacobs Fitness Center has 3,000 squc
.feet. of workout spac~. CYJJEX strength train
equipment, treadmills, bikes, elliptical <llld stepp
mo,chines. This complex offer-s: .•
· Aerobics aru:fdaitce classes "' Senior Fitness p~
grcm * Mossage. theropy room * Babysitting se.rv~l
end JJcker rooms • Friedenberg OJympic-size Poe>
.
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Alberrt A. Hutlel' Tennis Center * Jacobs fo!f1
Gy~asrum * Mondelf Weiss Eastgate City Por.tc
·: ''· Edgctr F~··Be.rned~aflflelds-orid morel
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has- 12 dossrooms for 2~0 children The Complex
o.lso houses;
Weingart foundation Preschool Courtyard •
Gt;~ldberg/Novak Estate. Youth Activity Center
and more..
.
Holoccwst Memorial Md Garden • Wax Fami. lJ
Teen Activity Center ,. Mufti-purpose rooms fc
games. lectures. disctJssions. and new programs.
m
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. fax
SUBJECTffiTLE
DATE
Memorandum from KAR to ADW. Re: Presidential Visit. (2 pages)
03/28/2000
RESTRICTION
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speech writing
Heather Hurlburt
OA!Box Number:
19909
FOLDER TITLE:
Fiscal Responsibility 3-30-00 [Seniors]
2008-0700-F
db3348
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- (44 U.S.C. 2204(a)(
PI National Security Classified Information ((a)(l) of the PRA)
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office ((a)(2) of the PRA)
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute ((a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information l(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ](a)(6) of the PRA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Freedom of Information Act- (5 U.S.C. 552(b))
b(l) National security classified information ((b)(l) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency ((b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute ((b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information ](b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(b)(6) of the FOIA(
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions ((b)(8) of the FOIA]
· b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells ](b)(9) of the FOIA]
�r 't
'·MEMORANDUM
TO:. ADW
FR: KAR
RE:
PRESIDENTIAL VISIT
DA:
3/28/2000 ·
•
According to CQ, Congressman Weiner supported the President more often than any
other member of the NY delegation and more than any other Freshman. He voted with
· · Presi<lcnt Clinton on 88% of the votes where he took a position (there were 82 such
votes).
•
From his seat on the Judiciazy Committee Anthony has carried the administration's
legislation on Civil Asset Forfeiture (as the lone Democrat) an.d is the lead spo.nsor of HR
3144, a bill to extend the President's COPS program for an additional 5 years.
'
'
•
Congressman Anthony Weinerss announced primary opponent, NoachDear, is an
outspoken supporter and fundraiser for Mayor Giuliani for the Senate. Mr. Dear, who
frequently brags about his access to the POTUS, was a strident critic of Hillary's meeting
with Mrs. Arafat.
•
Anthony Weiner has been the most outspoken and visible Membet of Congress in support
of Hillary's candidacy) appearing on numerous television and radio talk shows.
•
The administration handed Weiner a major. set-back when it overruled the Parks Service
and decided to site a ai.Iport weather tower iu the National Pa.rk in his district.
· The gtJJ is the oldest district in. New York. .
While he answers to Tony; the Congressman prefers Anthony.
Anthony is the Whip of the Freshman Class
�1
OJ /28/00
TUE 12:20 FA!
Presidential Support
and Opposition: House
1. Fr~identiaJ S~.tpport Score. Percentage uf recorded voce:s case in 1999
n which President Clinton i:ook a positiem and on which rhe member voted
yea" dt 'ir.,ay" in :!jQI!.'~rtlent with me ptesident'S l)«!ition, failure to Vote QjQ
.ot lower an individlial's score.
-~
1 Fafbes•
m on which Pre:ndenc Clinton took a posicion and on wnid\ a memb.:r VOt•
d ··~"Of' "nay" in disagreel't\t!1\t with the pn!Sident's ~ition. Failun: to vote
id M( \ower :1..n individl.jalis $Ci.)fe.
)· Panidpat.icn iri Pte.sidenci.a.l Support Votes. Pereeoragc af ~e BZ
~~orded House
wl\ich President Clinton roo\: a position :md on
'h1ch a member 1112! ~~TH :md voted ''yea" or "nay."
IJOtes Ot'l
39
32
Tl
4 . .
3~
s~
~
e~
7~
~- Presideutial Opposition Score. Perc~nt:at:e ofrecOrded \'Ote3 cas-.: in
50
2 l.l:r.io
118
81
8 taler
9 Welt'i;f
,. &t
10~
11~
79
12Ve~
13,...,
14~
15~
18 Sen'anQ
17 engel
18 l.mley
19Kd/y
20 GilrRiiir
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2S Wltllft
2S"l~
27~
28~
29 Ufoake
30 tMrt
31~
50
61
6a
23
13
16 too
J~
86
~
21
TS
26
112
81
i'O
84
.,
86
48
71
25
52
29
99
96
96
14 96
19 .98
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i. 1$
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8&
Ill
~
7~
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95
99
fell
9t
18 98
19 98
00
l6 98
141 98
se
!ill 100
52 1QO,.
23
7'5
48
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99
9EI
n 100
3:2 68 100
13- i1
87
i!5 75 99
.81
78
38
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T9 82
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62
99
S1
91
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. letter
DATE
SUBJECTffiTLE
Edgar Bronfrnan to Hillary Clinton [partial] (I page)
09/06/2000
RESTRICTION
P5, P6/b(6)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlburt
ONBox Number: 19911
FOLDER TITLE:
Holocaust Restitution 9-11 [9-11-00 Remarks]
2008-0700-F
wr564
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b))
Pl National Security Classified Information ((a)(l) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute ((a)(3) of the PRA)
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information ((b)(l) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency ((b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute ((b)(3) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions ((b)(8) of the FOIA(
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells ((b)(9) of the FOIAI
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�Utf(UOIUU
- .....
t:.U •
UO
.i",D..D.
a.va.
.. - ....
FAX
HAY-pl-2000 MON 06:22 PM
!
;~u.
i .
Edgar M. Bronfman
M~b20,200D
DCar Hillary,
(b)(6)
I spoke •ith Bill !be olbu day abodt du: dinner an kpl. II. Jt ~ la be thac cvclling b&::a\lse
tbat"s the an))' time lhe Waldatfis free. We are planning a real gala, and yo11 and the President arc tin:
cenlelplec:e~ We trill honor aU !boac who "Were in.saummcal ln achieving rcaticution or eta lea Holocauit
wccs. I am hopfns ~~Prime NiiW~r Ehud Bulk,..,.~ &be cJiooer, and I plm co Call him as aoon a
you and da~ President cODtlrm lhe Ure.. Tbe ether lnvill:cS will be A~ Hhshson. ttu11 chairman of the
Kncsset conuni~ree an !Wtitutiaa. LeU ltein who will ~ an sswarcl all bdtalf ofYirztu1k~ Paul
Volcker, Aim Hevesi. wbGtc cammittc= ofs~UC officers was inSEMJ~emal in matins the Swiss ban"' c;~vc,
41 D' Amato and Jim Leach. I ha"-1 •Jso dolidecl ro invile BO Netanyafau because bis beha"'ior in re our
i55~~e was absolutet)' first clw. Jus1 bef'Drc you and lhell dle l»>eaidmt are sdteduled to. receive your •wiU'Cis
·I would like co baYo Shl.rt EizalsW -orecll plaq to pmcm l:he hGftorS 10 you and the President in one
speech (short) aDd then have 1QIJ ad fiJUllly the pmidcft& RplJf, £ll:ll of the prc:scntRA U'ld the bOilorei:S,
except for you and che president. wJU be limUed.t.o two m.ia.~ scric:dy -~Saine afthc award$ will
stan che ~ing. tmd uun will be &fvea ~ afl.cr Chc llllift cou~e. and lheri Stuin. you and rhe presidenr
will be the real daaert
.
If you or menabcn of tbe White Houae Slaffbave que«ioas ar su,cp:::stians. ~le:ue send lhcm lo ·
I hOPe it 'llfUI be a £IG1 cveaf.ba. I hDpc it will haW die dcsirc4 ct!b;c of~Ring the Jt!'lls on"~ Yo~
11\ac )'OU played I vJtaJ role iQ dJC JlSiitution prOQell, •:•
r
•
me.
...
'lhc .Pirsr LadY Hilbr.Y aDdbun Cliotoll.
Tbc \1/hitc House
UiOO PlinaaylW&itli-'"'CV.~ N.W.
WMbii£ftln. D.C. 20$00
V'aa F~lmile No. (212) iq-997\
\
OPnONAL FORM tilt {1-1101
FAX TRANSMITTAL
·.~
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUB.JECTffiTLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
OOla. draft
Speech Draft. President William J. Clinton Speech to World Economic
Forum Davos, Switzerland. (8 pages)
01/29/2000
P5
OOlb. note
Here are some preliminary thoughts [about the Speech Draft. President
William J. Clinton Speech to World Economic Forum Davos,
Switzerland]. (3 pages)
n.d.
P5
002. note
[Handwritten meeting notes] (4 pages)
n.d.
P5
003. memo
Memorandum for Gene Sperlin, NEC from Robert Z. Lawrence.
Subject: Some Ideas for the Davos Speech. (3 pages)
01/19/2000
P5
004a. note
[Handwritten Note] Questions for Gene. (1 page)
n.d.
P5
004b. note
Issues for Discussion [Concerning Davos Speech, with Sperling
meeting notes on the reverse of both pages] (4 pages)
n.d.
P5
004c. email
Joshua S. Gottheimer to Heather F. Hurlburt, Terry Edmonds, and
Jeffrey A. Shesol.Subject: davos notes fr sperling to shesol (1 page)
01/06/2000
P5
004d. note
[Handwriten Notes on ruled paper] [Notes concerning Davos speech]
(2 pages)
n.d.
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speech writing
Heather Hurlburt
OA/Box Number: 19909
FOLDER TITLE:
January 2000- WH: Davos [World Economic Forum 1/29/00][1]
2008-0700-F
db3349
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- 144 U.S. C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act- IS U.S.C. 552(b)l
PI
P2
P3
P4
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) of the FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency ((b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA)
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA(
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells ((b)(9) of the FOIA)
National Security Classified Information l(a)(l) of the PRA)
Relating to the appointment to Federal office )(a)(2) of the PRA)
Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRAI
Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information ((a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((a)(6) of the PRA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�~~
··
~tU r?rrpJnLc_fcd
·
. .
iztvle_ ~
Yobpm --_c-~----~
thltft Ol/24/00
Heather Hurlburt
PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON
SPEECH TO WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM
DAVOS, SWITZERLAND .
January 29, 2000
And you have shown a broad commitment to the cause of global peace and dev~lopment
- from helping end the division of Germany to supporting reconciliation in South Africa to
promoting economic integration in the Middle. East.
This year Davos has chosen as its theme "New Beginnings: Making a Difference." To
really make a difference in this new cenfury, we need to recognize that global economic
integration is at a critical crossroads; and we will have to face hard truths, and take hard steps, to
move ahead. With our wealth and scientific advances, we have no excuse for inaction. With the
world coming closer and closer together, we have no excuse for indifference.
For it is not going to be enough, in the 2P1 century, to build our economies as we did in
the past- and by the past, I mean as little as 5 ye~s ago. After all, we are all swept up in the
process of globalization as it tears down barriers between nations, economies, and cultures - and
as it builds networks that are wholly new. We can change the equation between burning energy
and producing wealth; shatter the limits that time and space pose to doing business or gettil)g an
education; extend growth and opportunitYto places that have not known it in <;>ur lifetim~s.
Sometimes, it's tempting to believe that all this has come about because of technological
change. But ht~man decisions played a large role - and must do so again so that we can keep
moving forward.
Remember that in many ways, the global economy was almost as integrated 100 years
ago as it is today. Its progress was arrested by shortsighted decisions-- by protectionism, which
led to the Depression; and by the unchecked rise of fascism, which led to tl;e Second World War.
Nations failed to look beyond the most short-term of interests- and millions of people paidthe
price. For almost half a century, globalization actually went in reverse. But after the war,
leaders chose the path of partnership. They set the stage for the growth we are experiencing
today. And no one can seriously argue that the world would be a better place if they had not.
�But with that growth we also face unprecedei1ted challenges to the status quo. No one
could watch the demonstrations we saw in Seattle, or the strength of concerns about trade in ·
many developing countries, and imagine that we can have progress without finding a place for
voices that haven't always been heard in our trade discussions. And no one should be able to
look at the people and places left behind- especially the 1.3 billion people who earn less in a
year than what a hotel room in Davos costs for one night - and imagine that we can have
progress without lifting them up as well.
Today we must have broad goals on which we can agree. We want an international
economy that works. One where sound investment and hard work pay off. One that invests in
people, and gives every person a chance to be productive. Onethat advances teclmology to make
. and do, but also to teach and heal. One that preserves growth for those who have it and extends
it to those who need it most.
But we must face hardtruths in order to reach those goals. There is no alternative to
trade and globalization, if we want to fight poverty and lift lives. But free-trade advoGates must
understand that there are no magic wands- trade works for developing countries only if the ./
industrialized countries commit themselves to makingit work. All nations, developing and
developed, must commit to ensuring that aU growth is shared growth. And we must
acknowledge that our global trading system is built on a set of values - and make sure those
values are the 'right ones .
.
.Our partners in civil society must commit themselves to working to strengthen a rules- /
based trading system, not seek to tear it down. And all of us- in govenm1ent, civil society and
.
. . . ~lbusine.ss.- must recognize that we are bound tightly together by .a ~lobal ~conomy that, r~ther
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than givmg any one ofus total power over the others, has made It Imperative that we all listen t?
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~tp-~ 11J opportunity slip from our hands.~I want to do my part t be ·_ hat work b begi~nin hat I ~ V .
·hope will be a wide-ranging and global conversation about the new realities an )ar truths that
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fate of the poor and disadvantaged. But th:ey need to ask themselves, what will happen to a . · ~/
Bangladeshi textile worker or a migrant from the Mexican countryside without the prospect of
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jobs in ~n industriali~ing econom~? What ~ap?ens to' fan~~rs in T~1ailand and Zimbabwe- or in ~
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Australia and the Umted States -- If protectwmsm makes It. unpossible to market produce ~~
abroad? And how can you possibly have an impact on working conditions in developing
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In the United States, we have never been more open, and we have never been more
prosperous. We have the fastest economic growth in 30 years; and we are just days from
marking the longest economic expansion in our history. Our exports have created more than a
million new jobs in four years, paying wages well above the average. And we have been able to
attack our social problems, cutting poverty levels and unemployment among minorities and even ·
·beginning to reduce income inequality these last four years.
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Now sori1e people say that the United States is unique, that trade does not lift living
standards everywhere. But that is wrong. Just about everywhere you look around the world,
open markets mean growth and growth means rising standards. Think about Japan or the nations
of Europe that were poor rural societies fifty years ago, prosperous global leaders today. Or look
at South Korea or Taiwan. or Thaila11ci,_~hich chose a pqlicy of openness thirty years ago. Even
after the financial crisis, their national incomes are still more than double 1970 levels. And their
gains in literacy, education and life expectancy are also extraordinary ~ far outpacing countries
that chose not to open to the world.
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significan~ progress in li_fe expectancy: caloric i~1take, and literacy. Open trade and new
/technologies have been 1mportantengmes ofth1s progress. . .
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Trade must not be a race to _the bottom. But there's no excuse for using fears about trade
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attrade works to lift developing
;;r economies. That means tackling r special interests a home, and ensuring market access for
~ countries that play by the rules. As
· ent Hosni Mubarak said here last year, too
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often our internationalecononi.ic policy will "address two-thirds of the world's output and ignore
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two-thirds of the world's population."
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We can begin by making the case for
available to more people; and put money in the pockets of working families. · he ring· new
teclmology and ideas, and they spur new i1movation which boosts teclmology
productivity.
America kept our market open during the financial crisis; our market for imports
sustained global growth for two years, helping many developing economies avoid outright
freefall. And I'm also proud that we have reached out to b · real tra e relationships ~ith Asia,
Africa and Latin America. But we still stru le with t
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for ver good causes. We always have and we always
I ask our partners in Europe and Asia need to follow suit, moving to expand and open
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thei~mies to suppmi a strong global recovery and encourage developing-country growth.
An~mst take on the en
1e mtere blockin free a ricultural trade. I appreciate that
o sense to spend hundreds millions of dollars to fight
this ts politically difficult. B ·
runtl poverty, yet keep farm products out of our markets.
We should also launch a comprehensive program to make it possible for any coui1try that
wants to navigate open niarkets to do so. I believe that, whenwe set up the WTO after the
Uruguay Round, we did not pay enough attention to helping developing nations build the
e
·c and legal institutions they need to succeed in the. global market. We should rectify that
istal e, nd pool our resources to provide quality technical assistance.
we·must take responsibility for ensuring that all growth is shared
itself is necessary but not sufficient. We have made a firm commitment to do thi
10 are rea
States; but I would be the first to say that we are not there yet. And those of u
trade's benefits must meet our responsibility to help other nations prepare to do the same.
In every nation, that rneans promoting strong regulatory institutions and good
governance. Above all, we cannot let up in our fight against corruption- for its first victim is
our citizens' trust in the marketplace.
Corporations too have a responsibility to know the rules and live by them- and to
recognize that fundamental rules of fairness apply everywhere.
In a high-tech economy, the m:ost important means of production is gray and weighs a
little u er three pounds- not the latest laptop but the human brain. There is nothing mysterious
ab
developing it. It needs sustenance, health care, quality education, and free movement of
· 1formation and ideas. What is new is thinking about such assistance not as a handout, but as an
investment with a sure payoff.
In an economy ri.mning on brainpower, no investment pays off faster than education. We
ought to launch a global initiative to meet [which UN agency] goal of sending every child to
primary school by 20XX. [U.S. contribution?] And every corporation that expects to need a
workforce with 21 51 -century skills should pitch in to help.
'-.
We sl1ould use the brainpower we have to fight the killer diseases that hold too many
nations back. We have the technology to find vaccines for malaria, tuberculosis and perhaps
soon f\IDS. That would save millions of lives -and billions of dollars that could be invested in
d elopment. But let's face facts: the pharmaceutical industry.simply has no incentive to
elop products for custom~rs too poor to buy them. In my State of the Union address, I asked
you develop .. --· -----Congress to offer a tax c~dtt and say_to pnvate mdustry - if ·-·---·-----···. these vaccines, we
.
will help £5!Yiill:.lh~ we will lift millions of lives. Now I ask other nations and
the corporate world to join us; let's make these illnesse~ a pro em o(the past: ···
.
.
We can help countries help themselves by lifting their crippling burden of debt. Debt
�COPYcrowds out investment in the future, and steals money that should be spent on the poorest of the
poor. The United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and France have pledged to cut 100 percent
of debt for.countries which agree to spend their savings on education, health care and other
fundamental development needs. I hope other donors will join us in turning the vicious cycle of .
debt and poverty into a virtuous circle of development.
/
•
· .·. · We must also accept tha't an open global economy must be built on a foundation of
~hared values and respect for the dignity of work. This is not protectionism. Nor is every
?iscussion of values-. specifi_cally, envirmunental protection and labor rights - an effort to block
the: growt~1 of developmg natwns.
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I know that the wm;ds labor and environment are heard with
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· 9evel_oping world, especially if uttered during a discussion of trade. I understand the concern
that the words are just code for rich man's protectionism. And I want to make sure we do
nothing that would hinder rowth ih the develo in world.
'.
I believe that you can't improve working conditions or convince people to protect the
environment if you destroy eco'nomic growth. But I also believe that you can't sustain growth
orever if it is not accompanied by higher stan
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It is central to human progress- and never more t n inthis fast-moving age- that
be ·able to abandon big ideas when they are no longer true
1e old idea was that the best or the
only way for a nation to get rich and stay rich was to burn up its resource a erial
--as fast as it could. That the best source of development was old-fashioned heavy industry.
And that basic political and civil rights were luxuries an emerging economy could not afford.
The past two decades have shown that this idea was misguided. And the nature of the
new economy has made it clearer than ever that intelligent use of resources, and the liberation of
human potential, are central to growth and prosperity. Amartya Sen, who won a Nobel Prize for
bringing insights from our social and moral lives to bear on economics, tells us that development ·
is "a process of expanding the freedoms that people enjoy" and "a momentous engagement with
freedom's possibilities."
I hope that insight can guide us all to some new thinking about values and growtl?-.
mus~y
ch~ice
We
putto rest the false
between the economy and the erivirmi.ment.
With new conservation technologie's and alternative energy sources, that is simply no longer true.
The United States and Europe are growing and getting cleaner. And in the next few years, no
one will be able to deny the fact that we will actually have more stable, more widespread, more
long-term economic growth if we i~prove the environment.
There is no reason we cannot work with other countries to achieve the same thing. And
we already are. We sponsor renewable energy projects that touch the lives of more than a
million people in India and Mexico. We support clean energy projects through the World Bank.
And I have asked our Congress to put aside $100 million to help developing countries adopt
�clean ei1ergy technology.
We have only begun a second painful process- re-evaluating the com1ections between
human rights, especially labor rights, and the global economy. We don't have all the answers. A
global minimum wage is not the answe!. But dismissing every human rights concern as
protectionism is not the answer either. For trade to be free, it must command popular support.·.
And for trade to be popular, we have a clear message from our citizens that it must be fair.
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As you know, we have proposed a working group on trade and iabor at the WTO. And
we have suggested that Committee on Trade and the Environment be invited to examine the
environmental implications of WTO negotiations. These are modest, but good ideas.
Developing countries would not only be present, they would dominate the sessions. I hope the
discussion would give developing countries more policy tools, not more trade headaches. Our
goal shotlld be finding practical ways to promote growth by raising; not lowering, labor
standards.
Take just one exaniple - a pilot program that USAID launched, working with the garment
.~
industry in Bangladesh to take children out of factories and put them back in school. That
program got kids to learn and boosted garment exports. Now faCtories in neighboring Pakistan
~~ · ·.
are looking at this initiativ~,. We can do more of this- if human rights activists and the businessy~
community and governments will stop focusing on the rhetorical high ground - and start looking
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for common ground.
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We must support the rules-based system we have- the WTO- even as we seek to
reform and strengthen it. Those who heard a wake-up call on the streets of Seattle are right.
B~lt those who call for freezing or disbanding the WTOare flat_wrong. Think about it. Who
,
wants to live in a world without rules -a world where. any product can be dumped anywhere, a
\v tJ world where there is no international scrutiny of health or labor or environ!Pental issues .
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There is no substitute for the confidence and credibility the WTO lends to the process of
expanding rule-based trade. There is no substitute for its dispute resolution mechanisms - a
process whose results 1i.ations obey. And there is no substitute for the protections the WTO r#";.~
offers national economies, especially against dumping and import surges.
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Most important, there is no alternate structure that can mediate in any way among the
competing dei11ands of economies and industries .. Losing such a forum would be catastrophic.
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But we have work to.do to make the WTO the public interest institution We intend it to
r!J be, not the speci~l interest so many per~eive it as being. It is imperative ~hat it become 1;1ore .
open ai1d accessi_ble. If we expect publtc_support, we ~1av~ to let the pu~IIcs~e what were domg.
That means makmg more documents available and domg It faster; openmg dispute panel
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hearings to the public; and allowing organizations anc!. individuals to give pmi.els their views in a
formal way. We've seen in other international organizations that public involvement increases
·ng to do- and we should do it sooner rather thar1 later.
public support. This is the rigl
'7
ant to leave you with is that we're all in this together. Thirty
nent of ideology; nowadays, it's just telling the truth. The revolution
year's ago, that was as
· in communications and technology has fixed things so that no one group of us can iinpose its
will on the rest for very long. Instead, we are all going to have to listen to each other more.
.
.
.
.
This means workers in developed countries thinking about the future of workers in Africa
orLatin America; it mem1s governments finding the courage to rise above short-term political
expeqiency. It rrieans corporations taking responsibility for the effects of their actions - whether
in the N.iger Delta or a New York highrise. And it means a new and more active idea of
corporate responsibility -- stepping up to the plate when it corp.es time to pay for vaccines,
edutate a new generation of workers, or share growth widely. ··
.
Not quite one hundred years ago, Theodore Roosevelt became America's President. The
times bore a lot of similarities to today. The nations of North America and Europe were
changing from agriculturally-based economies to industrial ones-- just as we're going from.being
-an industrial country to an information-based global society now. Technological change was
creating large corporations and concentrating capital. The result was tremendous opportunityand tremendous turbulence.
Then as now, there was debate and uncertainty about how local communities and local
customs would adjust, and what place human beings and the natural environment held in this
new industrial machine.
The United States was fortunate enough to have Roosevelt and other leaders who
understood both the promise of change and the need to guide it wisely. They established
effective standards that protected consumers, labor, investors and the environment. Over time,
those standards helped underpin strong, steady economic growth. For Roosevelt saw that we
may not be able to alter the pace of change, but we do have the power to shape it. He said then,
·and it is still true today, that the great hallmark of every young and growing society must be that
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busm~ss,
labor and CIVIl society, must be far-si~hted enough to see beyond the Issues ofthe day,
and wise enough to see beyond our own parochial concerns. We must stand together as we take
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If we do, if.w~ _think together about what ~~ want for our children and ourselves in 20,
30, 50 years, we Will nse to the challenge. We will expand the economy and protect our
environment. We will extend opportunity- and with it, the freedom and dignity owed to every
human being. We will lift the lives of the very poorest, and secure the future for all ofus. We
will make a difference.
�'·.
Thank you very much.
�COP
. Here are some preliminary thoughts. I will add more soon.
I.
USING HARD TRUTHS TO ESTABLISH THE CLINTON DOCTRINE
In writing the 5~6 hard truths, we should make sure that they are stated in an
affim1ative manner. Some of them, like #1, are already written that way; others
just need some tweaking .
. ~/There is No Alternative to Trade and Globalization for Global Growth a;u!
Poverty Reduction
.
.
• Show tighter c01mection between open markets and development
\I
/industr~alized Countries Must Build Domestic Support for Ensuring that
Trade Works for Lesser-Developed Countries
• · It is stronger and more precise asse1iion to say>:..,~'-:::'t~~~:_·
and Europe must find way to get support fl rade performanc for
LDCs."
/
Two key examples are:
.
·1. Europe- Agriculture subsidies
2. U.S."- CBI, Africa ·
·
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~
Nations Must Take Responsibility for Ensuring that All Growth is Shared
Growth
• The fact that trade leads to growth will mean less in nations if common
folks don't feel that the growth will be shared
• Mention that the U.S. has tried to work on this. Still more needed on .
adjustment ???
• LDCs must show that there won't be corruption or nepotism, but in:stead
democracy and freedom ·of association
• Education: All nations must do more
~ Must Ensure That Open Trade Can Continue With larger Values
•
To Achieve these Hard Truths:
1. ·Must include values
2. Must not let them be pretext fo1' protectionism
3. LDCs can't believe that all values are designed t~ hurt them
-- climate change analogy
-- child labor vs. education example
(HH: need to be clea'(er thqt POTUS does not want to do anything that
will hurt LDC growthT' ·
1
•
·
�I
•
The African Growth & Opportunity Act
H.R. 434
"One of the continent's smallest countries-the island of Mauritius with little more than a million
people stands to benefit most. With clothing and textile expo-rts worth Dollars 960, this year, it is
the region's largest exporter. Although Mauritian textile and clothing exports to the US have
been subject to quota since 1981, the US is its second largesfinarket, after France, with 1998
sales of Dollars 265m. Already US buyers take ·about a quarter of the sales of the Mauritius
Export Processing Zone. Despite the price war with Asian exporters, an average import duty of
18 percent as well as quotas, sales to the US have almost doubled since 1996. Mauritius
accounts for 43 per cent of sub-Saharan clothing and textile exports to the US, though at a mere
0.86 per cent ofthe clothing imports, the African market share is tiny."
Hawkins, Tony. "Trade: Africa's Exporters Stumble before America's Open Door."
Financial Times. 17 December1999, p.ll .
. " 'This legislation not only offers a solid package for Africa and the Caribbean basin, but it is
good for our people here at home,' sa:id Senator William V. Roth Jr., the Delaware Republican
who heads the Senate Finance Committee. 'The textile industry says it will bring in $8.8 billion ·
over five years and provide jobs for 121,000 Americans. And this is just the textile industry.' '' .
Schmitt, Eric. "Senate Passes Trade bills for Caribbean and Africa. " The New York
Times. 4 November 1999, p.A11.
"But that could be a big difference on the African economy, the Clothing Federation of South
Africa said~ An increase in South African clothing exports from .1 percent to 1 percent would
mean at least 30,000 new jobs, it said this week."
Alpert, Bruce. "African Firms Want US. Access; Bill Would Help Economy Grow."
The Times-Picayune. 28 March 1998, p.A12.
"Backers of the bill, sponsored in the Senate by Richard Lugar (R-Ind), contend it would
represent the most significant shift in U.S. policy toward Africa in four decades, changing the
focus from "aid to trade" and opening a relatively untapped market of nearly 700 million
potential consumers."
" Wallison, Ethan. "Clinton Backs Bill for Giving Africa Trade Preference." Chicago
Tribune. 18 June 1998, p.24.
�...
1
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II.
Must Support Rule Based System- the WTO- Even While We Seek to
Reform It
• Need refonn and transparency: the U.S will fight for it
• But need rule-based system: WTO has made remarkable progress
We Are.All in This Together
STRENGTHENING THE INTRODUCTION
>>-
I feel the introduction is too high-techy as opposed to giving the sense that we
are at a cross-roads and those of us who believe in open markets must face
hard truths to lead us in the right direction
We need to raise the notion of "raising living standards" and raising growth"
creating new strong middle classes as key measures to aim for
��DA VOS OUTLINE
What are our ultimate goals, on which CEOs, protestors, rich and poor countries agree?
An intemational economy that works -where sound investment and hard work .
pay off One that lifts the poor, invests in people. One that prepares for the nex·t
. generation, advances technology to make, to heal, to do . One that leaves the
world better than we found it for our children.
Moment of opportunity unlike any other. Prol'nise of new century, technology for
developed and developing nations. Need. courage to draw together, seek out solutions .
l.
Trade works.
Engine for growth, livit1g st'!n<;iards in developed, developing nations.
Benefits of imports.
Spurs teclmological developme11t
Need not be a race to the bottom.
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.
Promotes int'l stability and-peace,
Engagement in global economy i's an investment in our shared future.
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LH.
Part of that inve;tment must be helping others - our trade partners -prepare to succeed.
U.S. experience shows opel':mess necessary bu(i1ot suffiC'ient
In era ·of globalizatioii, responsibility is global. U.S. helping developing 1iations:
Debt relief
Health (vaccines, HIV/AIDS, etc.)
Education
Green growth
Market access
. IV.
Integration is vital for century ahead.
Speed that happens, pace of technological change, make many uneasy.
Saw that in Seattle_:__ need to face up to it.
But also rememoerJhat globalization's effects go beyond trade, are largely
positive and lmow' no reverse gear:
Neea to reach beyond econ,omists and. CEOs to enunciate system of values tl;at
underlie trade policies, proceed in parallel w/values-based int'l community.
·
Recogriize concems ofdevelop'il1g countries .
.
Recognize need to proinote rights, d,ignity of all who work
· -Recogriize need to protect, preserve enviromnent
Room for disagreement on how to achieve. But no room for indifference
Challenge others:. here are our views, what are your ideas?
How can we n1~ke sLire global growth~touches everyone?
How can we strengthen WTO, otl:er int'l institutions, in the right ways?
How can we best protect/promote human capital?
How can y.re best preserve environment while growing economy?
,\.
��How can we strengthen WTO, other int'l institutions, in the right ways?
How can we best protect/promote human capital?
How can we best preserve environment while growing economy?
�~-·
.._ _ / ·
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•·
EXECUT-IVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
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COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
·
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500
I:
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MEMBER
January 19, 2000
MEMORANDUM FOR GENE SPERLING, NEC
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FROM:
ROBERT Z. LAWRENCE /(
SUBJECT:
Some Ideas for the Davos Speech
.
This should be a speech in which the President vigorously defends US. support foran
open global economic system . . The United States must allay widespread fears that we are
retreating from our leadership role. We should be seen as committed to playing a leadership role
in promoting a global system that provides benefits for all. We need to ensure that Seattle is not
seen as a victory for opponents ofglobal institutions. We need a speech that will resonate with
three distinct audi~nces: the global business community, the developing countries, and domestic
audiences in the developed countries.
The speech needs to send the message thatglobalization is here to stay, that it offers
great opportunities, but that realizing these opportunities requires that the benefits be widely
spread between and within countries. To do this we need to complement globalization with the
appropriate policies and institutions both domestically and_internqtionally. ·
1. The Benefits of Open Economies
(A) The speech should lead with a vivid reminder of the benefits of open economies. It
should stress the gains to producers and consumers both developed and developing countries.
It should emphasize the gains that come from exporting (as each country specializes in what it
does best). It should also emphasize the gains come from importing (as consumers are given
access to cheaper products and greater variety, and producers are given.access to better
technologies and inputs and challenged to do better by foreign competitors). It should point to
-.the benefits that come from foreign investment and international capital flows, and from
the international diffusion of knowledge. An open global economy allows us not only to
exchange·goods and capital but also ideas and knowledge.
in
These are all benefits that are of particular importance to developing countries who need
an open global system for the goods they buy and sell (the market divide), the capital they need
to borrow (the capital divide), and the knowledge and technology they need to absorb (digital
divide). The critics have it exactly wrong when they claim that participating in the global
economy hurts countries.
�2
B. The speech should argue that while it is true the world continues to have problems,
protectionism and retreat are not the answer. Indeed they will compound the problems.
2. The Necessity of Complementary Domestic Policies
However, simply prescribing that countries become more open is not enough. It
might be necessary, but it is ·not sufficient. Globalization cannot substitute for sound
. domestic economic and soCial policies.
The recent performance of the U.S. economy is an excellent exampl~ of the benefits of
globalization and of the role of complementary domestic policies. We have never been more
open, and we have never been more prosperous. Our experience shows that an open trade
policy is important for strong economic performance .. But it also shows the importance of
policies that maintain fiscal discipline and promote non-inflationarY' growth; promote·
·investments in people and technology, and policies to make sure that work does pay. The result
has.been an ec;onomy that has created over 20 million jobs, sustained an expansion on the verge
ofbecoming the longest ever, and provided wage, employment and income gains that are widely
spread.
Like the U.S., developing countries must combine open policies with domestic
institutional development. In Asia, decades of extraordinary growthremain a compelling
example of the benefits of outwardly oriented policies, but its recent crises are a reminder that
international capital flows need to be accompanied by appropriate financial and regulatory
policies, by policies that limit corruption, by systems that are transparent and governed by the
rule of law. Again globalization is necessary but not sufficient.
3. Complementary International Policies and Institutions ·
· Appropriate international policies and institutions are required to promote ·
development and to realize the full potential of globalization. An international system,
which promotes economic development, is in the U.S. national interest. It is in our interest
because it promotes peace; it is in our interest because it promotes prosperity; it is in our interest
because the countries who present conflicts are precisely those with the greatest problems; and of
·course it is in .our interest because of our common feelings of solidarity.
One particularly important challenge we face is bringing in the nations who_ have
not fully emerged. Giving them the technical assistance they need. Helping them bridge the
divides. Help them in the arena of public health. (Mention initiatives.) Help them in the arena of
financial regulation. Help them enter into the globalsystem.on terms that promote their
development and strengthen the system. (Mention support for China entering WTO.) (Announce
policy to provide increased market access to least developed countries?) We need their
participation. Too big to ignore and too much potential. We know that's true on environment,
know its trlie in trade.
�•·
3
COPY
A second challenge we face is improving the international economic system so that it
provides benefits for all. The speech should lay out a strong defense of the WTO. It has
accomplished much for us and for other nations by reducing trade barriers, establishjng an
international rule of law and promoting economic development. To be sure, the WTO is a work
. in progress, it should be made more transparent, and there is room for improvement, but no one .
should doubt the u.s. commitment to the institution.
We seek to make advances both in the ongoing agenda and in a new round. (We
need to take steps to promote human rights, labor standards, and the environment in the
appropriate international forums)
I
There are some who believe that trade agreements should only deal with trade barriers,
while there are,others who would have them almost mimic a global government. The truth is
that for trade to be free it must command popular support, and to do so, it must be
perceived to be fair. This requires rules that do more than simply reduce barriers, requires rules
that firmly establish basic norrils, and leave considerable scope for national autonomy and
diversity. Our challenge is to find rules that promote human and labor rights without threatening
development or providing pretexts for protectionism. Similarly, we need rules that allow nations
.
.
to protect the enviroruhent, and health and safety without applying measures tl).at do not reflect
sound science.'
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�I.
Davos Speech·
_
• What should be the main goals?
II.
State of the Union
• What should be the main international economic goals?
III.
Clinton Vision on Globalization
• What should emphasized as the critical elements?
be
IV.
Potential Issues for Emphasis in the Davos Speech
.,..... Globalization and Higher Living Standards. Why globalization and open markets
promote higher living standards in all countries.
..
._..... Defense ofImports. Defend imports -- not just exports -- as beneficial to US and .
other economies.
.
.
v~ Importance ofReconciling LDC and Labor/Environmental Concerns. Call for greater, ..
dialogue between advocates for labor/environment and advocates for 4_DCs. Perhaps
seek to articulate a comprehensive (trade.and"~i'Q,p,.,trad~)Jioli~y fr~ewpfK)~f6r·~~\>.
reconcili:p,g these differing interests over time,:stressirig the relevartc~:&r~£i~iffi~ us
efforts in a number of areas (ILO core labor standards, child labor, IFl reforms, antisweatshop initiatives, institutional tcapaclty building, education, aid, debt IJ'elief, trade
preference-programs, vac¢ineS, etc.).
·
·
• Growth for LDCs. As with climate change, make clear that POTUS wants growth for
LDCs, but without previous mistakes of industrializ~d countries.
v• Inevitable Movement Toward Ope~ness. History is moving inexorably toward more
openness on trade procedures and dispu~e.resolution. The WTO must recognize .this
to be effective.
'·' ·
.
.
·
• Defense of WTO as Critical1nstitutioli Notwithstanding Need for Reform. Defend
important work ofWTO and give examples of effectiveness. Need for reform-should
·' not be pretext for opposition to WTO. · ·
•. How to Deal With Desire ToLaunch New Round. Where are we in this process and
how should we proceed?
"
.
~,..... US Efforts And Vision For LDCs: Includes Africa/CBI,JPR/AIDS, vaccines, debt
relief, and preferential access.
t-e/ Higher Education. Importance_ of higher education for growth.
V.
·Possible Vehicle for Budget Policy A~nouncements (e.g., child labor; trade agreement
monitoring and compliance; labor and environmental monitoring tied to. capacity building .
assistance) ..
VI.
Possible Vehicle for Non-budget Policy Announcements
��about. At~d I strongly call on developing nations to give us benefit of their
experience, ideas- system isri'.qvorkii~g if it doesn't work for those who need it
most.
•• 1'
'·
Conclusion
·Staring us in the face that global peace and ptd'sperity linked to peace, well-being within
societies; that is link.ed to the availability of economic opportunity, as our developing pminers
remind us, AND to human freedom- prospects for better tomorrows. '
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��Joshua S. Gottheimer
01/06/2000 11:22:04 AM.
Record Type:
·To:
Record
Heather F. Hurlburt/WHO/EOP@EOP, Terry Edmonds/WHO/EOP@EOP, Jeffrey A.
Shesoi/WHO/EOP@EOP
.
cc:
Subject: davos notes fr sperling to shesol
DAVOS - DOWNLOAD FROM SPERLING TO SHESOL
J-"'./ ·President speaking lately about imports; what we get out of them; we have to be frank
about that. we sliould have 5 points. Imports do: a, b, c, d
a</
Time passed to say trade good one hand, bad other hand (Chicago formula). In wake
Seattle, we have to take people on. I have the answer. The answer is: x, y, z.
//'
-'~'-
We have to take on Seattle directly,. frankly, and really challenge people to be strong those out there who are trying to put up barriers, trying to stay way free trade, history
working against them. In future, they will be swept away by tide of history. For all those, in
Seattle, who said that trade will undermined labor conditions, environment- they are wrong.
Trade is our best means to improve working conditions, enhance environment, aggressively
lay out case for trade. Embrace.concerns, but present our case.·
A:'
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Seattle has to be in mind; we should be direct about that.
��.,
..
·
..... ,:.·
.
· . ; . ·.
.
··.
.·
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.··
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. memo
SUBJECT!fiTLE
DATE
Memorandum for JeffreyShesol from Ian Bowles, NSC CEQ. (2
pages)
11/2711999
RESTRICTION
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speech writing
Heather Hurlburt
OA/Box Number:
19909
FOLDER TITLE:
January 2000-WH: Davos [World Economic Forum 1/29/00][1]
2008-0700-F
db3350
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- )44 U.S.C. 2204(a))
Pl National Security Classified Information )(a)(l) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office )(a)(2) of the PRA]
PJ Release would violate a Federal statute )(a)(J) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information )(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors )a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy )(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Freedom of Information Act- )5 U.S.C. 552(b))
b(l) National secu'rity classified information )(b)(l) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency )(b)(2) of the FOIA)
· b(J) Release would violate a Federal statute )(b)(J) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information )(b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy )(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purpos.es )(b)(7) of the FOIA)
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions )(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells )(b)(9) of the FOIA)
�November 27, 1999
MEMORANDUM FOR JEFFREY SHESOL
FROM:
IAN BOWLES, NSC/CEQ
RE:
POTUS REMARKS TO TRADE MINISTERS IN SEATTLE
For the purposes of ·your development of the speech, I suggest
dividing the "human face" agenda into three parts: ( 1)
transpare~cy reforms, (2) en~ironmeht, and (3) labor.
I have
addressed the first two in this memo and provided sam~ of the
background materials on all three issues.
Transparency Reforms
One oveiarching objective for the "human face" agenda at the WTO
is transparency reforms.
We have-made progress on document
derestriction and p0blit ~nd ti~ely release of dispute panel
submissions.
Our two remaining ·objectives face deep opposition
from the rest of the WTO.
They aie opening dispute panel and
app~ll~te body hearings to public observers and creating
procedures for public submissions of amicus briefs.
We should
hit these poinis ~learly.
In doing s6, we can make reference to
the wide open nature of public participation in the United
Nations organizations and the significant progress made in the
IFis - where institutions like the World Bank have derestricted
many documents and gone so far as to create an Independent
Inspection Panel to review cpmpliance with World Bank ~olicies.
Environment Issues
.Environmental Benefits of Trade:
This is the least developed
concept in our agenda, but perhaps of greatest importance.
Conceptually, ~ur approach is to use the disciplines (rules) of
the trading system to accomplish environmental objectives that
are also good for the economy - "win/wins." The most tangible
examples are two:. ( 1) lowering tariffs ahd other barriers to
freer trad~ in environmental goods and services - the President
has been saying, for example, that economic growth does not have
to proceed in lock step with growth in pollution and emissions of
greentiouse.gases.
Greater trade in .clean energy technology can,
in and of itself, lead to environmental benefits, and (2)
reduction of certain environmentally-damaging subsidies that lead
to unsustainable overuse of natural resources.· We have pressed
for negotiations on subsidies for fisheries, but this concept
could be applied to other sectors.
For example, we have ~educed
our subsidies for certain forestry activities in ·our•National
Forest lands.
We dould try to use WTO disciplines to force other
�countries to do the same.
The overall "win/win" concept is a
powerful one that we should highlight.
·Environmental Reviews: The US has taken the lead in developing a
_domestic system for environmental "review" and analysis of trade
agreements .. The President's Executive Order goes further than
the policy of any other WTO member to bring ehvironmental
considerations into th~ process of de~eloping trade_ policy·
positions.
We should call on other governments to build simila~
~ystems in their own countries.
Mechanisms for Environment Issues at the WTO:
The US lead the
call for the .creation of a WTO Committee on Trade and Environment
· (CTE) - an analog for the labor committee we are now seeking.
We·
are now seeking a greater ~ole for the CTE in considering the
environmental implications of each negotiating group's work.
Environmental Standards for Trade and Development Finance
Institutions:
In both the IFis and the G8, the US has been a
leader in calling for higher environmental standards. At the
.IFis, we have pressed the World Bank to maintain global
environment objectives as part of its corporate strategy.
You
will recall the mention of clean energy lending targets in the
World Bank annual meeting speech. At the G8, we ~ave pressed for
higher & common environmental ."guidelines" for GB "export credit·
agencies."
The US has strong environmerital guidelines for OPIC,
Exim, USAID and our other USG international finance agencies.
These higher statidards breate a disadvantage for US businesses
when competing against bus-inesses whose government backers
require lower standards.
If it can fit with our overall message,
we should continue to call for greater action on
standards/guidelines to "green" internatiotial finance.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
001. email
SUBJECTffiTLE
DATE
Karin Kullman to Eric P. Liu at 12:00:14. Subject: Youth Violence.
[with Handwritten notes] (1 page)
03/31/2000
RESTRICTION
P5
COLLECTION:
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Speech writing
Heather Hurlburt
OA/Box Number:
19910
FOLDER TITLE:
Radio Address Youth Violence 4/14/00
2008-0700-F
db3351
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act- IS U.S.C. 552(b)l
PI National Security Classified Information ((a)(l) of the PRAI
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PJ Release would violate a Federal statute ((a)(J) of the PRAI
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information ((a)(4) of the PRAI
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(S) of the PRA)
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information ((b)(l) of the FOIA]
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an agency ((b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(J) Release would violate a Federal statute ((b)(J) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulat,ion of
financial institutions ((b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells ((b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
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PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�_ _ _ _ -c-"'" _ _ _ ..
1APt~(J t rJ Aft...
JD!~JUJ~
--.....
03/31/2000 12:00:14 PM
Record Type:
To:.
cc:
Record
·Eric P. Liu/OPD/EOP@EOP
Stephanie A. Cutter/WHO/EOP@EOP. Sonia G. Chessen/OPDlEOP@EOP. Leanne A.
Shimabukuro/OPD/EOP@EOP
-
Subject: Youth Vioience
He.re are the annOuncements I knoW we would have available around the Columbine Anniversary:
$65 million in DOJ coPS grantsio fUnd approximately 400 school resource officers
million in Safe Schools-Healthy Students grant for 23 new sites
Early .Warning Guide II .-/
·.
.
. . . ..
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�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
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DATE
Fax cover sheet. Facsimile For: Heather from Eric Gould Associate
Director for Domestic Policy. (1 page)
n.d.
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Speechwriting
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FOLDER TITLE:
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. financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
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PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(S) of the PRA)
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2201(3).
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�---·--------·---
------
THE WHITE HOUSE
\ft/ASH I NGTON
. DO:MESTIC POLICY COUNCIL
~~---
FACSIMILE FOR:
DATE: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__.;..'-------:----_.,;_~.....;;.______;,
TELEPHONE:_~-----~---_:__-----'-__....;,_,.__
·~"----__:_)7..!...-8--..JJI----~---
FAX.:_·_ _ _ _ ____,;_J.
FACSIMILE FROM: ERlC GOULD
ASSOCIATE DJRECTOR
FOR DOMESTIC POLICY
TELEPHONE: (202) 456-7871
FAX: (202) 456-7431
NUMBER OF.PAGES (INCLUDING
CO~R): ij: 2_· ~
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Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECTffiTLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
001. email
Daniel F. Feldman to @SPEECH- NSC Speechwriters at 4:13AM.
Subject: Draft Child Soldiers SBTP. (3 pages)
06/30/2000
P5
002. memo
Memorandum for Samuel R. Berger from Brooke Anderson. Subject:
POTUS Signature of Protocols on 910 the Involvement of Children in
Armmed Conflicts and 920 the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution
and Child Pornography. (2 pages)
06/23/2000
P5
003. memo
Memo fromto Acting Director. Subject: Transmittal to the Senat of
Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on (1)
the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict and (2) the Sale of
Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. (3 pages)
06/29/2000
P5
004. fax
Child Soldier Negotiations. (3 pages)
06/30/2000
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlburt
OA/Box Number: 19911
FOLDER TITLE:
UN Protocols 7/5/00 [UN Child Protection Protocols- Remarks]
2008-0700-F
db3353
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)l
Freedom of Information Act- 15 U.S.C. 552(b))
Pl National Security Classified Information l(a)(l) of the PRA)
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRA)
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRA)
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information l(a)(4) of the PRA)
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors la)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy l(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information l(b)(l) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIA)
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute l(b)(3) or'the FOIA)
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA)
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((b)(6) of the FOIA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(S) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions l(b)(S) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells l(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�Feldman, Daniel F. (MULTI) .
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Feldman, Daniel F. (MULTI)
Friday, June 30, 2000 4:13AM
@SPEECH - NSC Speechwriters; @NSCComm; @MULTILAT- Multilateral and
Humanitarian Affairs; @LEGISLAT- Legislative Affairs; Witkowsky, Anne A. (DEFENSE)
Draft Child Soldiers SBTP [UNCLASSIFIED]
. Child Soldiers
- SBTP.doc
Speech/NSCComm --Given Bob's note earlier tonight about the increasing likelihood of POTUS signature next Wed. of
the two Protocols, I wanted to get a draft SBTP toyou asap for re-working on Friday. I intend to circulate a draft Fact ·
·. Sheet arid Q&A's as early as possible on Friday, after I receive some requested material from State, DOD and Justice.
This draft SBTP is culled from a variety of sources, including material State punoget~er for us (a longer, 2-page piece
which I'll fax directly to Speech), the Jan. 21 SBTP, and some Fact Sheets I helped draft earlier. . I. have a plethora of
various types of background material; let me know what.you might need to assist 'you.
·
·--.Though this definitely needs the Speech magic touch (and undoubtedly needs to be cut), some things I wanted to point
out:
•
•
•
•
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee staff (MarshaiLBillingsley) has suggested,that ii'Lorder to best preempt an
adv~rse reaction from the SFRC to signature, and to preserve the bestpossible chanceofadvice and consentthis
year, that the SBTP include language highlighting that signature and ratification of these;Protocols will not provide any
sort of backdoor into other international agreements (they're most concerned about the Convention on the Rights of
the Child and the ICC). The language I incorporated on this point (" ... does not create:and obligation in relation to the
underlying Convention ... ") was taken from Amb. Southwick's formulation, which l~ve faxed through to you. It doesn't
specifically reference the ICC, though.
·- ·.
I'm trying to find more specific examples for inclusion ofreal~world situations whe.re these Protocols could be utilized ·(in particular, the Sale of Children Protocol).
_
The statement should highlight the leadership role of the U.S., both in helping: to negotiate these Protocols as.well as
being among the first to sign (and, in fact, a number of Euros will be unable t.o sign the Child' Prostitution Protocol
because they have laws on the books allowing prostitution at 16).
It should also probably try to highlight both the domestic and global applications of these .Protocols, as well. as the way
they work in coordination with last year's Child Labor Convention as a trilogy of children's rights agreements.
· Thanks, and let me know how I can best help out.
DF
1
·.·
...
�Statement by the President
Today, I have signed on behalf of the United States two historic
international agre~ments which will greatly advance efforts to
protect the worldis most vulnerable citizens and its most
valuable resource - our children.
The first is an Optional
Protocol on Children in Armed Conflict; the second is an
Optional Protocol on the S~le of Children, Child Prostitution
and Child Pornography.
'.
:r: congratulate the member states of the United Nations for
reaching agre~ment on these Protocols earlier this ye~r.
The
United States is proud of th~ role it play~d in:~eeking
consensus on these Protocols, and we are.honored to be among the
first nations to sign them.
Combined with the ratification last
year of the ILO Convention on the Worst Forms -of Child Labor,
ratification o:f ,these two Protocols will put ~he United States
in the forefront internationally on children'~ issues.
·[As I said in my statement of January 21.,] .. the . Protocol on
Children·±n Armed Conflict deals in a realistic and reasonable
way with the. iss.ue of minimum ages for conscripti?n,. voluntary
· recrt+itm~nt, _and _participation in ·hostilities by :n.:ltional a·rmed
forces. ·The Protocol would establish an 1.8 -year minimum age· for
compulsory recruitment; require parties to raise thel.r minimum
age for ~voluntary recruitment to an'age:above .the current 15year iriternational standard; ~nd reqtiir~ parties to tak~ all
feasible.roeasur~s to ensure that.armed force~ ~ers~nnel who are
not yet 18 do not take a direct part in hostilities.
Another important aspect of this Protocol is its provision for
promoting the rehabilitation and reintegration_of child soldiers
into society. While a fundamentally important advance for human
rights, which will positively impact children from Sudan to
Sierra Leone, this Protocol simultaneously continues to fully
protect the military recruitment and readiness requirements of'
the United. States.
The Protocol on Sale of Children, Chiid Proititution and Child
Pornography constitutes an important step forward in our efforts
to combat global trafficking crimes.
It requires that offenses
involving th~se activities be criminalized and it provides
important mechanisms to help guarantee that offenders will not
go unpunished. Additionally, the Protocol strengthens and
clarifies the bases for jurisdiction and extradition, thereby
promoting prosecution of offenders regardless of where they are
�..,·
2
found.
Its extensive provisions on cooperation and preventi6n
will help to provide protection and assistance to child victims.
We look forward to continuing to work .with the Senate to achie~e
speedy United States ratification of these two Protocols,
neither of which create any obligation in relation to the
underlying Convention on the Rights of the Child or to any other
in~e.rnational agreement to which the United States is not. a
party. We also look forward to working with all of our
international partners to achieve our common objective .,-- the
elimination of abuses committed against the·world's children.
·::·:
�.....
June 23, 2000
ACTION
.MEMORANDUM FOR SAMUEL R. BERGER
FROM:
BROOKE ANDERSON
SUBJECT:
POTUS Signature of Protocols on (1) the
Involvement of Children in Armed-Conflicts and
(2) the Sale of Children, ChildProstitution and
Child Pornography ·
In last week's senior staff meeting, you asked whether we
thdught it was a goo~ idea for President Clinton to ~ign the
optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights o.f the-Child
·on involvement of Children in Armed Conflicts and on the Sale of
Children, Child Prostitution·and Child Pornography.
We [Multi, Legislative, Africa, ·press, Defense, Speech] believe
the answer is yes, and we recommend that you forward·a
scheduling request proposing an event in New York for_July 5.
The President is likely to~b~ irt-New York that e~ening for the
Intrepid dinner, ~nd the prbtocols are available .tha~ day for
signature.
Here's why we .think it is worth doing: .
•
Connects to an· overall domestic .and international· priority protecting children and improving their welfare.
•
Is a priority for the Preside-nt. On a Feb. 7th memo on the·
child soldier prcitocol, he wrote "Good. I want to.n next t6
the discussion on signature options.
•
Shows strong action on issues that have garnered a lot of
media attention, including for example, in the cases of Sierra
Leone and Sudan. Pr~sident Clinton wouldbe among the first to
sign.
•
Ensures that achievement of ratification -- and there is a
possibility that the Senate will give its advice and consent
to the protocols this year -~ will be _directly linked to the
President.
Would be important achievement and highlighting it
might advance ratification prospects by raising profile.
�\.''
2
•
Shows that the United States is willing to join international
human rights regimes when they also protect our military
requirements, e.g., in light of our decision not to sign the
Ottawa Convention banning_landmines and the International
Criminal _Court Convention.
The orily argument we could come up with against doing this is
that it could draw some fire·from critics who may try ·to make
our signature of the Child Soldier's Protocol a readiness issue,
but we've been intensively consulting with the Hill and believe
they are comfortable with signature. Then, of course, there is·
the question of getting ti~e for this event.
If POTUS is unable to sign on July 5 or y_ou decide not to
forward scheduling.request, we would recommend that one of the
following officials sign during the week of July 3, so we can
transmit the protocols to the Senate as soon as possible:
Secretary Albright, Ambassador Holbrooke, or. Frank Loy.
RECOMMENDATION
That you forward the Schedule Prop6sal at Tab A and concur on
recommendation for alternates tosign if-the President cannot.
Concurrence by:
. Schwartz, Feldman;· Krass, Witkowsky,
Feldman, Tavlarides, Malinowski, Crowl~y, Smith.
Attachment
Tab A
Scheduling proposal
�No-483
AA~-~b
:5
./l.C..'# ~
U P.
UNCLASSIFIED
,.._s
TO:
The Acting Secretary
FROM;
DRL - Hc:Uvld Huuyj u Kult
IO- David·Welch
SUBJECT:
.Transmittal to the Senate of Optional Protocol~ to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child on (1) the
Involvement cf.Children in Armed Conflict and (2) the
.S<1l~ uf ~lllluL·~u,
.:..blhl C'LU::lLlLuL.lUil <111U .:..!Jllu:
·Pornography
ISSUE FOR DECISION
Whether to sign the attached report to the President:
(Tab 1) which includes a proposed mess~g~ from the President
(Tab 2), transmitting to the Senate for advice and consent to
ratification Optional Protocols to the-Convention on the Rights
of the Child on (1) -the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
and (2.) 'the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution arid Child
~ornography (Tabi 3 and 4).
ESSENTIAL FACTORS
on May 25, 2000, two important· optional protocols to: the · ·
Convention on the Rights of the Child ~involvement 6f children in
a~M&~ ~a~fli~~ a~~ ~al~ &i ~kil~~~~.
~kil~ ~~~~tituei~ft ~~~ ~~il~
pornography) were adopted· by the General Assembly. In yo•J;r .
speech to the Commission on Human Rights on March 23-, 2000,- you
l~e.ile.cl t.I-.~ t.w~ · ~~~t~-=~1! !!!
11
t<)l 1
l-.i.!tl!lri~ 11 · !!1\cl u~:~~cl t.l-.1! C/!11\'11\\i!!i.::.l·.
to send them forward for prompt adoption by the General Asse!llbly.
President Cliriton on January 21, 2000, stated that the protocol
on children in armed conflict "is an important advance for human
rights" while "[a]t the same, it fully protects the· military
recruitment and readiness re~uirements of the United States." He
t:u1:.tl".~1: 5tat~ct l'•i!l .::.:.1.\\l\\i tl\\~l·.t "t.::. a .!1!,!-c!t!!:.:ly ~:c.:.c-!~.5 .:.f 1:-!'IJ:;.I!:w tu·.ct
~ignature and to ~orking with the. Senate on this historic·
achievement to protect the world's children." On xxxxx, ~xxxx
signed the protocols on behalf of the United States.
As the President pointed out in his January 21 state~ent,
the protocol on children in armed conflict deals in a reatistic
way with the is~ues of minimum ages for conscription, vol0ntary
recruitment, and participation in hostilities. Among othe·r
·things,_ the Protocol raises the age for military conscription to
16 years from the 15 years currentlY stioulated under existina
intei·nati,:,11al law; rcquire:5 -that governrnent.5 ·raise the minimum
age for voluntary recruitment to an age above the current .15-year
�"29 Jun
No
2000 23·39
~83~
international standard; and requires states to take all feasible
measures to ensure that armed forces personnel who are not yet 18
do not take·a direct part in hostilities.
States that become
parties to the Protocol would also prohibit the use of soldiers
under 18 by non-state forces.
The protocol on s~le of childre~, chiid prostitution and
child porn6gr~phy p~ovid~s for .criminAl i~w sanctions, r6i6~&nL
dome~ti.~ law ~nfore~m~nt prot~dur~~. and cooperation mech~riisms
to· aid in bringing the perpetrators of these offenses to justice.
Th!:! pr<.>to~;ol require~ that offense5 involving the sale
~.,;llLlJLo:;::u 1
d<LlJ
p.!.v:;~L.i.LuL.i.vu
·aw.l d1.i.lJ !-IV.I.UVY.I.Cl!-il.Y
!J~
of·
criminalized. While the term "Child" is not defined f6r purposes
of the protocol, articl~ 1 of the Convention on the Right~ of the
Child ("Convention") provides that a child mean5 every per5on
under the age of 16 years ~nle5s, under th~ law. applicable to the
child, majority is attained earlier. Additionally, the
protocol's extradition and jurisdiction provisions promote
pros•cution of offeriders regardless of where they are fourid:
Bot~ ~rbtocols permit signature and ratification by ~he
United States· even though iii~ not a paity to the Conveniion
itself. ~No implementing legislation 6r ~eiervations wbuld be
required with respect to the protocol on children in armeq
conflict because current u.s. ·law meets· the standards -in the
protticol.
[the following sentence will ne~d'to be revised-to be
Ipore speci,fic about any reservations/imp1ementing
legislation/understandings once IO, -DOJ and L work out a joint
pooition] The' poooibility of minol' implementing lcgiol:::~tion
concerning the protocol on the sale of children is.discussed i~
the attached report {Tab 1) ..
Both the Senate (June.B) and the House (June 16) have
adopted Concutrent Resolution~ calling tor r~tification of the
Protocol on Children in Armed Conflict as quickly as possible.
Cunt;lu~.i.Uil~
All Departments and agencies concerned {State, DOJ,
OSD and JCS for the Children in Armed Conflict Protodol,
c.w.l NSC)
c.y.tt::t:: Lbc.L we.
~bu·ulu ~ul-.>LuJ.L Lbe~t::
Lwu
l?.tuLut;ul~
the Senate for ~dvice ·and consent to ratificat~on and
'incorporat~ intd the Department's report [again, the
following needs to be changed to reflect whatever IO, DOJ
Lu
ind L igraa ihould ba na~aii~ry ii pirt of tha trinimittil
i.e., if 'WC'l'c going to l'Ccomrocnd. certain
understandings, we should say so, etc.] the text of
appropria~e reser~a~ions or unaers~anaings we wisn ~ne
po.ckogc
Senate to include in its resolution of ratification.
�US Mission Geneva Econ
.. •29.Jun. 2000 23:40
&Legal
No-483
Doing so now·underscoLes the Administration'~
commitment to the early _entry into force of the Protocols
.:.1 1J w .i.ll .1. -=:"" [ [ .;_ .1. w
L1 L <:: [ a -.;l Ll 1"" L Ll 1 <:: U11 .i. L<:: J 3 La L<::,:, .i. ,:,
traditionally at the forefront of ·efforts to improve the
protection of children.
This memorandum and the attached transmittal documents
-have been cleared by NSC, DOJ and DOD (including JCS).
Recommendation
That you si9n the attached
~eport
to the
Presid~nt
at
Tab 1.
Approve ______~____________ Disapprove __~----------~----Attachments:
Tab (1)
The Report to the President (Letter of
Submittal), including attachments as.
follows:
Tab (A)
Tab
Tab (2)
Tab (3)
Tab (4)
(B)
The Article-by-Article Analysis of the
Children in Armed Conflict Protocol··
-The Article-by-Article Analysis of the
Sale of Children Protocol
Draft Message from the President to the
S9nat& (L9tt9r of Tran~miti~l)
The Children in Armed Conflict Protocol
The Sale of Children Protocol
�fuN-30-2000
17=07
ORSD-SOLIC.DRP
703 514
Child Soldier Negotiations
•
I wanted to let you know about developments in the child soldier negotiations, which have
been going on the past two weeks in Geneva. DOD \1/i.ll likely be answering questions on the
results of these negotiations at its ne.,.,_1: press briefing, and we understand that the White
House plans to make an announcement on the subject.
•
The delegations in Geneva have reached an agreement-after several years of negotiationson the text of a protocol that would raise the international minimum age for recruitment into
armed forces and direct participa~ion in hostilities. (The existing international standard is age
.
.
.
15.)
-
The accord would bat compulsory recruitment (read: enlistffient) below age 18. That's in ·
line With our current practice.
·
For voluntary recruitment, the accord would require Parties to declare what minimum age
above 15 years they intend to adopt. Countries that recruit under age 18 will describe
what steps they would take, or have taken, to accord special protection to under t'8 year
old enlistees.· Our practice is, as you know, to accept qualified volunteers at age 17
provided they show parental consent and reliable ,proof of age. That won't change.
-
As for pa,rticipation in hostilities, the draft accord would reqtJ.ire Pru.1:ies to ''take all
feasible measures" to ensure that soldiers in national a.rn:ted forces tmder 18 do not take.·.
"a direct part in hostilities." Secretary Cohen, Chairman Shelton and the Service Chiefs
carefully considered whether we could accept this obligation. And they concluded that .
we could safely do so- that it would not impair the ability of our armed forces to execute
their national security responsibilities.
·•
The accord also prohibits the recruitment or use of soldiers:under 18 by non-state fortes~
This gets to the heart of the child soldiers problem~ the role of rebels or militia groups in·.·
abducting kids to fight in civil wars.
•
Based on our initial review of the protocol, we believe that DOD's equities have been fully
protected.
·
·
EnlistmentJRecruitment
•
With respect to recruitment/enlistment, there would be no impact on our current practice of
permitting individuals to volunteer for the armed forces at 17 with parental consent.
•
Related programs such as ROTC, JROTC and military schools would also be unaffected.
•
Safeguarding our recruitment priorities and practices was an extremely high priority for the
US negotiating delegation in Geneva. All US negotiating positions were crafted with DoD .
concerns in mind.
OPTIONAL FORM 99 (7-90)
21 Jan 00
�.. ·juN-30-2000
17=07
ORSD-SOLIC DRP
Direct Participation in Hostilities
•
With respect to direct participation in hostilities, Parties to the Protocol will agree to take "all
feasible measures" to ensure that under 18 year olds do not take a DIRECT part in hostilities .
.•
The Joint Chiefs and the Services have reviewed this provision, and their assessment is that·
the protocol would not impair rpe abiFty of our ~ed forces to execute their national
security responsibilities. (FYI: the Joint Chiefs held two tank sessions on the anticipated
results of the negotia~ons, and foxwarded their recommendation to the Secretary ofDefense,
who considered the matter closely.)
·
·
)
•
It is important to note that deployments for US seventeen year olds would NOT be
prohibited.
- · The proposed treaty text gives the Services sufficient leeway to assign 17 year olds (once
they are fully trained) to their units and to then deploy these personnel on a wide variety'
. of operational assignments, so long as
take "all feasible measures" to ensure these
personnel do not take a direct part in hostilities .. ·.
we
•
FurtheiTI1ore, the numbers of Service members affected by the provision would be smalL
Over the past three years only 1,000- 2,500 individuals annually were still seventeen after
· completing.training and being assigned to a unit, which is. about one-quarter of one percent • ,
(0.25%) ofthe total enlisted force, The numberofstill-seventeenindividuals is also ·
equivalent to approximately four percent of the number of individuals we routinely withhold
for unrelated administrative or health reasons,
·
All Feasible Measures Standard
.•
It was important to the DoD to attain the "all feasible measures" standard, lt is a practical,
good faith effort standard that is accepted within the context of the law of armed conflict.
•
Our cominanders will be.required to "take all feasible" steps to prevent an under 18 year old
from directly participating in hostilities.
·
·
·
•
The standard recognizes, ~owever, that unexpected circumstances may arise that preclude the
commander from taking such actions. For example:
·
- A 17 year old maybe involved in a peacekeeping mission
turns bad;
- · A 17 year old may be deployed aboard a ship that is diverted to a non-combatant
evacuation operation (NEO).'
.
mat
Implementation (If asked hovv the Department would approach implementation)
•
If the US decides to become a Party to this protocol, the Secretary would seek the Services'
views about issues arising in the implementation of a new policy, as v.rith other changes in
US policy governing military personnel and manpower issues. The Services would develop
their proposed plans. The Secretary would review and where necessary direct modifications
�'JUN-30-2000 . 17: 08
ORSD-SOLIC DRP
.to these plans. The implementation of these plans would be reviewed periodically to ensure
adherence to the new policy consistent with the letter and spirit of the ProtocoL
•
We will be consulting with you in greater detail in the near future~ but our staff is avai.lable to
answer questions you [[light have as the results of the negotiations are announced.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DATE
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECTffiTLE
· OOla. memo
Memorandum for the President from Samuel Berger. Subject:
International Affairs Funding Issues. (2 pages)
. 09111/2000
RESTRICTION
P5
OOlb. note
Handwritten note on reverso of a Lexis/Nexis email. [Concerning
Military Reform] ·(2 pages)
n.d.
P5
OOlc. email
From Malinowski, Tomasz P to @APNSA at 4:44 PM. Subject:
defense speech. (1 page)
09/29/2000
P5
OOld. draft
Speech Draft. Remarks by Samuel R. Berger Assistan to the President
for National Security Affairs at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies. (13 pages)
09/29/2000
PS
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlburt? John Pollack
OA/Box Number: 24510
FOLDER TITLE:.
[Berger National Security [Military Reform] 9/27/00 [1]
2008-0700-F
db3354
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a))
Freedom oflnformation Act- [SU.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) oftbe PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
PJ Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(J) of th~ PRA)
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA) .
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) ofthe FOIA)
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) ofthe FOIA]
b(J) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(J) of the FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
_
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ·[(b)(7) of the.FOIA]
b(8) Rdease would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) ofthe FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal·record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
��"LEXIS /NEXIS Print Delivery" <lexis-nexis@prod.lexis-nexis.com> (R)
.
(R)
09/28/2000 10:04:44 AM
Record Type:
. To:
Record
Heather·F. Hurlburt!WHO/EOP
cc:
Subject: LEXIS(R)-NEXIS(R) Email Request (59:0:14340902)
1109SR·
Print Requ~st:
Selected Document(s): 8
Time of Request: September 28, 2000 10:04 am EST
Number of Lines: 2954 ·
Job Number:
59:0:14340902
Client 10/Project Name:
Research Information:
Power Search;shelton
Note:
8 of 8 DOCUMENTS
Copyright 2000 Federal News Service, Inc.
Federal News Service
September 27, 2000, Wednesday
SECTION: CAPITOL HILL HEARING
LENGTH: 34032 words
HEADLINE: SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE HEARING
SUBJECT: U.S. MILITARY READINESS
·WITNESSES: GEN. HENRY SHELTON, CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF GEN. ERIC
SHINSEKI, ARMY CHIEF OF STAFFADM. VERNON CLARK, CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS GEN.
JAMES JONES, JR., MARINE CORPS COMMANDANT GEN. MICHAEL RYAN, AIR FORCE CHIEF OF
�From:
Sent:
· To:
Cc:
, Subject
I
Malinowski, Tomasz P. {SPCHW)
Friday, September 29, 2000 4:44 PM
@APNSA
@SPEECH - NSC Speechwrlters: @DEFENSE - Defense Policy ·
defense speech [UNCI-ASSIFIEDl
·For SRB: ·
Latest draft of Defense speech, with much additional work by Heather and me. Let ine .
know when you're ready to discuss.
·
. -Tom
,Q
~
litb securi!Y
~~.doc·
1
�Draft 09/29/00 4:00pm
Heather Hurlburt ·
. REMARKS BY SAMUEL R. BERGER
ASSISTANT TO TilE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SJCURITY AFFAIRS
AT THE CENTER FOR STRATE,GIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
The last time I spoke here it was to set out a foreign policy agenda for the President's second
term. Time flielwl""' )IIIII'N
~~~~~I was here not to praise the post-
Cold War period, but to b~ it,~'tuild a new national security policy for a new era. Today
M:'~~~i=t's~~M
w~9 ~Wleg~
e.
-'
.
I want to talk about J.W¥·
Wi~
,.._~
fll<'ed. Although
·
has vanish
thenloill~ve not. a!ld ,_,. 4011f!O'& llave
~ --- unmatched American military is and must rentain~teel core. of our national
an
-
.
.
security strategy.
..
.
our diplomacy. For all these reasonso o1.u: •·.·-· ...
. military is no less essential now than it was during the
.:: ...
Cold War.
*
Today, the question before us is, what kind of military for what p\irposes? The Cold War
.
.wtA~
military with its heavy tank divisions in Europe, it'X'uclear fQrcesJils emphasis on massing
firepower ~reset battlefields, served its purpose well. But as that purpose ~; o~r.nL
anned forcer to undergo revolutionary change. And beginning in 1985,
~ AnnY
�.•
divisions fell from 18 to 10; the Navy went from having 15 aircraft carriers to 12; the Air Force
from 24 Air Wings to 13; and the number of troops stationed abroad was cut in half to 250,000.
Our overall military budget fell by $140 billion in today' s dollars.
Eight years later, the d fense budget debate is about how much to boost spending, not how much
~a.~tm often, the numbers are ~wee ~·drive the discussion of missions, im;tead of
letting the missions and capabilities drive the numbers.
I believe that Qa&eitiaaie Clinton had it right ~-aad tAa 1 nn~Megt CliafiB eas !Ma KiiAht ~er
oiifiee. The right question - and the one we face again today - is how to match our capabilities
.~(U..
.
and ~to the full range of missions ahead.
.
.
t/VJTho :&mr!OIII""t~ssion of our anned forces has not changed since the Cold Wat ended.. It is
and will remain defending again~t and deterring attacks on the territory of United States, our
allies and our citizens. We must also be able to meet major regional threats to our alliances and
interests - from the Korean Peninsula to the Persian Gulf- witho-ut leaving ourselves open to
attack or military bla<:kmail elseWhere. That is the ration8le
strategy, and it remains valid today.
behind~ Two MajorTheater Wat
�The issue is not whether we have the capability to fight two major regional wars at the same time
we do
but how long it would take to win and what the cost would be. I~ would take some
time to swing our forces into-the second theater, to call up reser'Ves. and t9 bririg our allies into
the fight. We would need ~o rely ·on air power to keep the second foe in check as we brought
~ ?other forces tobear.
But our potential adversaries must know that they Woul'W~tely lose
s~ch a conflict. I believe they do know and are therefore likely to be deterred.
Those are the pre~eminent missions for American forces. They fonn the foundation for our
.
.
decisions on how to structure and equip our forces; and they account for almost 90 percent of our
overseas deployments. But they are not the swn total of the ..,r;;;:sion{;;f the U.s, military in
the 21 8' century. There Will be other situations where both OUr national interestS and fuildamental
.
.
values are at stake - where military action, especially if we act with others, can make an
. important difference. They fall in two broad categories.
///---F-~----._t,th. ares
~
rrs ere
,
l~ ,
~,v
0
)0 '' c ·
,~~t ~fro--aVJllg
h ~.J
,--ru·· ·
hi h
1 ·
·
1
au n1a£ con cts m w c an ear y mtervennon may~;-e~t J.S
1.1
to fight a larger war later. We must be careful not to let these
1n
mis~ns become a slippery slope ~
to overcommittnent We cannot be everywhere, or right every wrong. But this does not mean
that for the sake of consistency, we should act nowheie, or ignore every potential threat to oUr
.
d 'd al
mterests an
1
e s. .
.
,
,
,
.
~
~
~: ~
/
. ·'iat.~
/::;.~~ •
pec~es
0
now, National Security Advisers and Secretaries of State and Defense have "({
BM\wJ..iJU,~
.
tefftWlaterHiit~criteria for ~e when, where and why of military intervention: that compelling
For two
interests must be at stake, that the missiOn must
~~~ttave thO support of our
allies and' understanding of the American people. All
.to use force
are~,;ltimately, the decision
=~the result of an algebr~c equation or a pre-assigned matrix.
like that. Leaders have to make reasoned J·udgements. weighing
-~~J..r
cos"of fa1ling to act.
Real life isn't
th~ co~~~ against the
.,
·
· -.
,.
•
�.•
, .1t also
serves our national interests to have highly-qualified and trained troops avait.a:
to help keep the peace when conflict ends. The reason is simple: ·Ever since we followed World
::If,_·
War II with the Marshall Plan and the creation of NATO, America h;ls not been a country
that~
~t wins quick wars and walks away. Victory in war achieves nothing lasting if we do not woo{~~~~ ·
~ J with others to win the peace.
.
GJ IJ ,J~
~
.
.
~
'"'44il11t,f;ibi.Of course, the global peacekeeping burden bas to be borne collectively. To that end, we need to
~alee the U~ted Nations a more effective instrument of collective action. so peacekeepers can
deploy rapidly, project credible force, and perform missions well-defined by a well-functioning
headquarters. And given our larger international responsibilities, our friends and allies must
�GOPY
continue to contribute the vast majority oftroopp for peacekeeping-- as Europeans have in the
Balkans, Australians have in Bast Timor, and Nigerians have in Sierra Leone.
But burden sharing is a two way street. Our allies rely on our unique capabilities in. logistics and
airlift. Others, including in Africa, Wi.llbe able to carry their share of the burden far more
effectively with u.s.
•interests for
~_raini.ng and equipment
Al)d there are times when it does
serve our
r~4),.
~s of American troops to participate directly. We cannot maintain~~
position of global leadership if we ask others to take all the risks and costs.
returned to base to tell the President, "Our teSll'l:want ,.to stay with this mission until it's
finished.'' And speaking of the men arid women who
on the war in Kosovo, it's clear that the
�edge of their combat skills was razor sharp. Our armed forces have perfonned magnificently
' whenever we've asked them to go into harm's way.
'<
-.~
"6 ~M.t
~~ e:'f
ltJA' .
Out militazy leaders have made clear that out. forward-deployed forces -- those we would iely on
to get to the flght first.in a major conflict--· are trained and ready for any contingency. They
.·.
. ~ '..ue. ~ ..J...
.
.
:ve also pointed out that the missions ~ ~- thit)\ to perform demand a high tempo of
operations. That places strains on service members and their families. ·It sometimes diverts
resources from units behind the front lines and here at home .. We must place a high priority on
oroughly training troops for the.task at hand; for re-training when troops move ~om one
r
..
. ",/\§!Course, we coUld meet
1
.
.
ission to another; and for investing in the equipment that will keep readiness high in future.
deployments and used the mihtary only for 1ts traditional IIUSSton ofprepanng for a maJor war.
•
{!;)
But it makes little sense to say: on the one hand, we shouldn't have used ourmilitazy in the
ta 11q,
Balkans or Haiti or Iraq or supported our allies in peacekeeping nrissions around the world -- an
~
· on .theother hand, we should add tens of billions of dollars to our defense budget. We
'b ..
.\l~IIW:....._
~
th~.e challenges ~armor~ .cheap!~~we cut back .ibaiply on f~reii:n
dOn~ ne~
nd more to do less. Calls for increased spending on readiness make sense only if you
~
~eve, as the.President does, that America must support its global engagement with the full
~~ange ofmilitart missions I have describe~
~
·
..
·
·
~ ~of asking less of our men and women in uniform, we must ensure they are organizec! and
..
F
.
.
equipped to do what we ask. That ·calls for a new military, or whl!t the insiders like to calla
~~evolution in militart affaiis (RMA)."
~
And that revolution is Oxactly what Bill Perry and Bill
Cohen, and Generals Shalikashvili and Shelton, Owens and Ralston and Meyers [is this the right,
~·
. . . .
~ and c.ompl~te, list?]have b~~ working on over -~cent yeats ~ puttmg the P~t~gon's most
~reattvell111lds to work bwlding tomorrow's mi!itazy and mWllllllliilg our ability to fight the
r .. iA~t~its of today.
~
._filii'
~
·
-~~s
.
�----~------
~--------~
I
I
I
I
.
.
.
.
I
.
..
1etllfJ.MUt~t lt:h..
.
:
. I . 4t:Udt
~~caat ~li HtiRtl
challenges $~· ll&Vi id"Rti'llili ~a withoe~ aupJSOM ll~TJi:H! eh;ef!ti to
'
.
It· 'MU
.~
First; b!ilancing our forces between old missitns and new; skorul,
evelopi~ mobil~ty
missi~;
~ng
tec!mologies, ospecially infomiation tec!mology, withc!ut letting
>
force
for global
fourth,
m~ering new
t!tJ master us. Third,
sure Je keep .our alliances
and<~,#:
. ·
.Y('
partn ships up to the task. And fifth, attracting and retauung the high-quality personnel that a ?
~)Ugh- echmilitarydemands.
·
.
~~
.
.·
~
~~
~ ~1. Balance
·
~-\~'
M~. . T e single biggost question we face~g feno&tiOMlsOOlll'ily is this: will the conflicts of~.
-~
'Jif-~1
1
· 'l '
/\
e
I
· ~Q
xt 20 years look like those of the last 10? We don't lmow, and we cannot afford to bet
ong. Put another way, we must strike a balance; llijd have force$ prepared to fight across
~~~·
~
spectrum from large regional wars to low-intensity conflict or peacekeeping operations.
. Military planners tell us that we will not have the
lux~ ofpurely specialized units. So the
Marine Corps has developed a flexible training concept it calls the three-block war. Imagine an .
. OX:editionary force b.ringing heavy weapons to bear}n an url>an firefig)lt One
l
· ;::;:
·
.
bl~ck away, their, ,Jtrf
· umtmates act as med1ators to defuse an armed confhj:t. A blocl{ beyond, the fighting ha$ stoppe~
. and U.S~ forces are providing assistance to civilians.· All of this is happening simultaneously.
And not only does the U.S. force need a full spectrum of equipment and capabilities, its
personnel need the infbnnation and skill$ to figure o:Ut which block they're on- and the agility to
handle several at once.
2. Technology
Already, our beSt weaponry is a generation ahead of our nearest potential rival. And nowhere is
this more evident than information technology-- t~ng our personnel more closely together ancl .
better connecting them to the outside world.
�For enmple, !hink about What it)fonnarion, .arul the precision targ~tin7:t ~~as done for air
· power. In World War lis we devoted 9,000 bombs, and 1,500 sorties to~
by 100' target.
Today, one B-2 wi~ 16 bombs can target 16 such sites. And in Kosovo, we were able to use ·· .
~~
precision-guided mll!rltions more than 98 percent of the time -compared with just 9 percent in
. the
GulfW~ .,...., ~·Army and Navy are experimenting with infonnation systems.::::.
that create a . .
inf~nnation n~ork among tanks and field units, or ships and submarines, as ~ ?
ifthey were computer users within a single office.
tM.._._
But as the Joint Chiefs have pointed out ag3.in and again, not all our weaponry is our best
weaPonry- and some of it is pOrilously close to obsolete. The air force's tanker fleet is on
M'~
~--""kt >
average 38 years old; the marines' amphibious assault vehicle was fust fielded 29 years ag~
~
~ .:>
PfOcuring new weapons today is absolutely key to ensuring readiness tomorrow.
.
'
~~ve no choice but to do two things at once- continue to go high-tech as r3st as we can,
expenmenting vigorously and investing in technologies thai show promise, while maintaining
and upgrading the weapons systems that enable us to fight and Win a war today.
3. Mobility
During the Cold War, we kn~w where our opponent would be,
~d stationed forces and
equipment accordingly. That%mply no longer possible. So today we fac~ a major challenge
· in mobility-~ increasing deployment speed without sacrificing the firepower of bigger, heavier
weaponry. We can't ju.St be the biggest force at43tl!!&- we've got to
whetever we need to be. And we
.adversaries.
m~t be ready
to
.
be able to be M •
u3
respond. to the Ulcreased mobility of
~
ourL~~
~""'- -fll.t.
()
.
�So the Air Force is building its future around
~editioill!I)' force! designed to move fast and . "f::r;(
operate where infrastructure is lacking. The Army is getting lighter and more mobile,
~
investigating, for example, ways to take the fu.nctions of a tank and Split them among several
~· '?
smaller units. The Navyis adjusting to support expeditionary forces from the sea, rather than
silnply fighting on the sea. But this too is going to take time- and the right kind of investment.
4. Maintaining Strong Partnerships
·We've got to keep in
.
mind~~~~ ~~g any ofthese challenges alone- nor
will we necessarily want to. That means maintaining strong links with the militaries of allies and
friendS - and maintaining ollr ability to mount combin~d operations with them.
The challenge here grows from our very success in becoming a high-tech, highly mobile force ..
air campaign revealed a groWing technology and capabilit gap between the United States and its
allies. It's ironic: even as some in the U.S. say we're not moving foi"W"ard fast enough, there's a
real danger we're going to get so far ahead of our allies in technology and mobility that they
won't be able to share the burden.·
In the past, inter-operability meant compatible aminunition and exchanges of field manuals; in
future, it will be a matter of ability to share information and take rapid advantage of it .
.
--~..~_\--~.
-~,~
-.-.rY~
-~
' ·Jt ,
:/"'.
SiJl~_e)~st y~::ar, we've been working with our NATO allies to meet specific targets for
capabilities such as force mobility, on-the:-ground support and communication. NATO is
committed. to seeing that every member meets its targets -- and wer are making progress toward
narTowing the gap.
.
�_Meeting this challenge is going to require a good bit of dipiomacy, and some unusual new
partnerships among militaries and defense industries; it's also, frankly,' going to reqrure that
those na:tions most eager to see the United States as a partner, not~ hegemon, step up and do
their full share.
S. Personnel
We must not get so caught up in technology that we forget the foundations of our military
success - the people who serve in our anned forces.
independent judgements than ever before- and they \til have less time in which to do it.
Investments in technology will fail without people at every level wtR
a : eager to leam new
skills and willing to stay around long enough to make Ainerica's investment in them pay off.
.
.
.
The brains and dedication of America's enlisted personnel are the envy of anned forces the
..
.
world over. In a competitive economy, we've got to malce sure things stay that way.
We must invest~ helping today's soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines prepare for tomorrow's
thj services are fm~eative ways to do that. Just recently I visited f
\,. ~- · · .
·
~ubmarine vA!ose lltuises are six months long. Almost every submariner I met, of every rank,
. high.-tech military. And
~us~~~r~
was taking college courses on line. In fact, each year about 400,000 servicemen and women
enroll in courses leading to college and graduate degrees.
We have also begun an effort to make the niilitary a better place to make a career and raise a
family. We have raised military pay by more than 8 percent over the last two years, and we
expect to raise it significantly again next year. This year's raise was the largest in nearly 20
�years. We've increased parts of the military pay scale as much as five percent to reward service
members who gain ~xperience - and stay in to use it. And we are providingbetter military
housing, and improving access to medical care for all military personnel. [possible mention of
tri-care bill before Congress.]
Of course, all of this costs money. But it is only against a s~lid framework of missions and
?
capabilities that we can begin to look at the ''piggy banic" issues. Here too, we have maElQ a
~e!JHmii!!!""
A
ilkapiR81i.r-e
~~entury force. Since 1997, ~·.,. -011 the
post-Cold War builddown
. ·.
.
~e&l!in~ &>< rre wpfteritieo ~111l!Il!ging the
.
.
wt·····~
.
. out• ii><Mifaooo opliR<IiRg ...,,mel rm4 aolli<>vf. 6 percent rise in rel!l speurnnryfW e are meeting
procurement. ·When the Pentagon leadership saw readiness problems on the horizon, we ·
responded with a $112 billion readiness paekage. And in three of four services, the portion of
bet's keep the numbers in
~
Ill_~ ·
.:t
the Department ofDefense's target for $60 billion annual spending on nOw weapons
the force judged most ready is now higher than it was in 1993.
..,
7;jt- . .
·
persp~;-u~;:t{!;:i~~ SO c<mts of
:S:
every dollar of
discretionary spending on defense. ~ccountlfor one- ·rd of all global defense spending. ~
.
. ·
~.t/U~l'~
and North Korea together)'i4y;s etgi)s 1heh spendifig eaei}:f eqtt!riea-ems. We spend more on
military basic research and development than all the rest of the world combined.
4-P~ ru., ~ ~~
.
wi
·
.
.
·
·
more needs to be done, and any future administration
.
. A
veto think bard about ~eeaid that one imp~t step would be to
ensure that we are not sp<mding money on things we no longer need.
1
~ :if~ military to
take our Peacekeeper nuclear missiles down, as we planned to do ·in· any case under START ll,
we could gain more than $700 million over five years for m~demization. By lifting its hold on .
base closings the military has requested, Congress could free up another $3 billie~ -
).u,JL
�,. .
~
Ukewise,
;J= we think
ges~ remember
dimensions ~
thatthere
are olla
· w 'ch complement and reinforce our defense.
As we build up strength and high-tech capabilities, our adversaneswill try to frUstrate us
us where we are most vulnenble- in our information
and hit
networks~ere at home. As we meet
that threat, w~'ve got to think about military forces, but also about firefighters and computer
programmers; about the National Guard, about terrorism prevention at home and around the
world.
Arid we must seek to prevent today problems which will lead to instability and conflict
to.morrow.
While our defense budgets fell and then turned upward in thi~ decade, ow b get for t,.
diplomacy
~the lowest~~-
has declined with no rise in sight. Toda)l
.
~~
JM.I)., IW ~~iiU ~"~
This ye~ess is again&. i.1·!l!'1~·~~M~~ftft'l~fes'c~l:m{!!eft!l"'8f4~1Ek
·BS'
after we toolc: steps to get out of debt at
perc~nt in the Senate. And Congress bas proposed
y without resources is about as effective as a~ •
in half. Ultimately, it's. a simple point: diplo
military without weapons.
.
~
. · ·.
.
.
.
~ -I.'4J;{?
'14
~m
~arf: about our national secqrity. As we ~~ l7t..
This is a real test for those who
~
&n-~ C.<f:J
~~
riorlty, will we spend whOt we must to l!.uild up our defens<;,S wherel/
1!~~
...J.
·
"'·-"t'
·-·---, . .
... ,h:J.AM
·
..
�.-,~~
...
..,7
we are truly vulnerable? If we do not want to over~extend
p~e
.spend billions of dollars responding to distant conflicts, will we spend a relative-
to
support democracy and to fight abject poverty so tbat conflict is pented?
This if. an eJttraordinary moment for Alnerica. Our roililal)' power, like our economic strength, is
llllParalleled. Our values are aScendant.
we can afford to have the best-trained. best-equipped,
best-Jed military in the world- oftbat there should be no doubt. We can also afford to have a
· strong djplonW:y- and we cannot afford not to have a diplomacY strong enough to solve
·problems before our military is needed. _
The next President and Congress will lind Alnerlca well-prepared for the challenges we face
today - and with a strong foundation for thOse we will face in the future. They wlll also find a
world eager for U.S. leadersbip- but insistent that it be the right kind ofleadership, based on the
power of our ideals, the force of our eJtanlple, and the depth of our COIIllllitment to stand up fQr
what we believe. And meeting that challenge requiies the constant efforts of military and
civilian leaders alike.
Thank you very much.
�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
SUBJECTffiTLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
OOla. note
[Typed and hand written note on un-ruled and ruled paper] To Mr.
Berger from Heather Hurlburt. (5 pages)
09/22/2000
P5
OOlb. note
[Handwritten note concerning Military Reform] [The handwritten note
is on the reverse of an undated speech draft] (4 pages)
n.d.
P5
OOlc. draft
Speech draft. Remarks by Samuel R. Berger Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies. (13 pages)
09/27/2000
P5
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Speechwriting
Heather Hurlburt, John Pollack
ONBox Number: 24510
FOLDER TITLE:
Berger National Security [Military Reform] 9/27/00 [2]
2008-0700-F
db3355
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)[
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA[
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA[
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financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) of the FOIA]
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C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
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PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
�TO:
FROM:
DATE:
RE:
. Mr. Berge~
Heather Hurl~urt, Speechwriting
22 September2000
·· · ·
Your CSIS Speech
,,.,
·'
-- ...'
.
Tom and I have. gone over.this draft with Hans Binnendijk and his staff. Apologies ·.
for not getting it to you earlier. I am available through Signal ali weekep.d.
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��That's a sacred trust. And the responsibility for maintaining it lies not so much with our men
and women in uniform? but with those of us in the Executive Branch and Congress who must
choqse when and where - and how equipped and prepared - they will be asked to put their lives
on the line.
It's our responsibility to-equip and train them for the missions ahead, .and to give them our
unreserved support when they are in the field. It's our responsibility to plan for the future
without neglecting the present. And most of all, it is our r~sponsibility to mainta:i11 America's
record of global leadership- and make sure it is ~lie right kind.
· · ·
... ·...
Whe11.Ar,nerica leads the right way, we use diplomacy to.resolveconflicts be'forethey demand
the presence of our troops. We recognize that the best way to avoid overextending our armed
forces is to avoid.underfunding otir diplomacy. When America leads the right way;· we_ can enlist
the help of friends and allies in keeping the peace, and stand by them when they need our help.
That way, we will have not only the military power to get the job done, but the global respect . and authority to stand up for the interests and values that are worth fightingfor ...
Maintaining. that r,espect and authority w~ll help us keep the military filled with dedicated.people, ·
committed to their:.\vork arid s~pported·<the American people .. And the measure qfthat respect
· an:d authority will be our most important guidepost to make sure that we do no~ lose our way
amid the river oftechnological gains an<;} geopolitical shifts. that we will sur~ly see in the years
ahead.
'·,'
\ ..
···~
~·· '
·····'
7
��Since last year, we've been working with'our NATO allies ·to meet spe~ific targets for
.capabilities such as force mobility, on-the-ground support andcommunication. NATO is
committed to seeing that every member n1~ets its targets -- and we are making progress toward ..
narrowing the gap.
·
·
··
· ·
'
.·
Meeting this challeng~ is going to require a good bit of delicate dipl<;>macy, and some unus\la.l
new partnerships among militaries and defense induBtries; it's also,franldy, going to require that
those nations most eager to see the United States a~ a partner, not a hegemon, step. up and.do ··
their full share.
·
·
These four challenges deserve consideration by everyone who thillks about the future of our .
military. But we must not get so caught up in them that we overlookwhat ':Vill ~ontinue.to be the
foundations of our national security-the people who serve in ourarmedfo~2es; and those w,ho ·
·have the power to choose or reject the path of international leadership .
. .·
.
.
.
:t\
.
-
.
...
.
In the not-s6-distant future, the mefi:and women of the atmed forces will be surrounded :with
high"-tech equipment andbarrag~d with·i~format1on. We will rely on them to make more
independentjudgementst}lan_ever before-;:-.and they wilLhavelesstimein whic)lJodo it.
Investments in technology will fail without people at every level who_ are. eager to learn ne~
skills and willing to stay around long enough to'make America's investinent i~ them pay off.' ··
The brains and dedication of America's enlisted personnel are the envy of armed forces the
· · ·.
world over. In a competitive economy, w~;ve· got to make sure tbings stay that way.
,> -,
!-
.
~·
'
We have already begun an effort to make the military a better plac~ to make a career and raise a·.·
family. We have raised military pay by nidre th~ 8 percent over the last two years, and we
expect to raise it significantly again next year. This year's raise was the largest in nearly 20
years. We've inQreased parts ofthe military pay scale as 1nuchas five per~entto reward service ·
members who gain: e?Cperience - and stay in to; use it. And we are proViding better :military ·
housing,_ and irpprovingacc,ess to medical care for all military personnel. -[possible mention of
tri-care bill before Congress.i ·
··
· '·
Butfinanciarincentive·s arenotgoingtob~-:en~ugh ... Serving America is, and afways has be~n,
about more than the money and the on-the-job training. It's about service, sacrifice,. anci
.
commitment to the ideals that illuminate our nation- and sharing that vision where it is most
·
·
desperately needed..
Now,. I don't want to sound like re~ruiting poster. But every time I've had the. privilege to visit
our Armed Forces in action, I've been profoundly impressed with their dedication- and their
pride. I've seen it in the Saudidesert,whe&theycoritend with scorching heat, sand storms ~md
giant bugs to hold back Saddam Hussein. I saw it in Haiti, where soldiers rebuilt schools and
community centers - on their own time. And I saw it during the conflict in Kosovo, when I
heard a pilot based out of Spangdahlem Air Force Base in Germany tell the President, "Sir, our
team wants to stay with this mission until it's finished."
a
6
:·.,.
�..
Draft 09/22/00 8:50pm
Heather Hurlburt
REMARKS BY SAMUEL R. BERGER
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
AT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
September 27, 2000
The last time I spoke here it ~as t o s t foreign policy agenda for the President's second
out a
~~
·.
term. ~pme fli~;~Thee years ago, I
lA wt #it'"U
~~.
·.
ld yqu I ~as here not to praise the post-Cold.War
... ~'tjw ~ 1!-: ~
11\UA) £14(.,
period, but to bury iJ Today I w~mt toEntin'ue ti{atr~lrt the military side of our national (
/:'
~ '-/..
~
~··
security policy.
.1WJ. wufltM.J ,.~r~~-~4 duJuA, 1A.t. /Ad4JM
#)1.
Dl:H'iH:g the Geld Vl"MJ\the central threat we face~s clett~ Our responsj t'efii., although costly
and sometimes controversial, was
.
I\world leaders in both.
... . .
ftraightforwar~ AletlU was widely understood that security ~ ~
.•
had both military and political dimensions - and that we
~~~-
~
lutt
'
~:r:
..
~
·
~·~
.
Today, the threats are different; but security still means more than the use or threat of force. I'm
IJt..WIII~rnO'Hthhat
. concept.
the Clinton Administration has taken the lead in broadening our national security
E
simple enough- in a world where not just advanced weaponry but words and
i ages, diseases and drugs travel faster and farther than ever, the violence and unrest that
.
·.
~~
~
threaten us tomorrow can grow from terrorism, crime and drug trafficking, disease, pove~~
nstahd1ty that go unstopped
tod~
.
·
~
. .·
So part of any natwnal security strategy must be coniiTiitment to a strong diplomacy commitment to funding fully the
initiati~e~ ~~oo<
A<li¥
~(' f-:
l!eod• oif armed
�conflict in the future.(!Zankly, I'm
su~rised again and again how quickly we've forgotten that it
';/?cA. /I
took more than guns to end the Cold War. that it was our diplomacy, not our arsenal, that
se~
military-only solutions to the challenges we face in Colombia, the Balkans, or Central Afr3. 1A1tt .
helped eliminate hundreds ofnuclear weapons in the former Soviet Union. No one wants to
.
(/~~
.
·
But a diplomacy without resources is no better than a military without weapons. Our budget for
foreign affairs is 50 percent lower, ~n real terms, than it was a decade ago.
+sat is a fgglisa
~
caeisg fgr a -p~ass di:viseRd. And so far this year, Congressional budget proposals have cut .
.
~-~
~·~
money for ~ritical infrastructure protection in half, and slashed. funds for embassy security arid~·
counterterrorism. And some in Congress still block funding for UN peacekeeping operations
&t help us avoid putting American troops in harm's w§
We must also understand that defense entails much more than traditional forces. As we build up ~,/- .
.
'Y "{) 4<t
~strength and high-tech capabilities, our enemies are not going to try to match us. They will try to
.
1..
.·
~
~
home. When we think about meeting this threat through homeland defense, we've got to thi.nk
d computer programmers; about the
about military forces, but also 'aboli lfefightOrs
,
'i~~ ~rd at home, but. also terronsm preventiOn around the world.
National~ ?
1
~-t>/f
·
Ji'A._.
~
~7
~"l#
..
... ..
flu:, ~.1.
If(~ . WO can't live securely at home without funding a strong, b : :A~ment wiJi\P~.
I
.
.
.
.
.
t(tt'[Jc · •
We've spent much of the past seven years
'<c_
world. But we st1ll hve m a dangerous world -- one where a- tSflRSts:k 1'1:glrtmg forc!e ~
indispenSable to our security; prosperity and freedom.
1
seizing the opportunities opened by the Cold War's end, and addressing the long-buried conflicts
L ~w-e.~ )1t.tt ~~
2
�it brought to the surface: At home, we have launched anew military while maintaining all the
strength of the old one.
..
-~
.
'c:!).
.
.
Sometimes, this process has 1~ ~e like /turning aircraft carrie~tloleR tke s; •ift rnMJ:e tt t'ers
fi~bter ~laftei>.
o£.the carrier's
But I believe we've succeeded- because we kept our eye
or~
?
.
threat, and because we learned the lessons of other times in American history when mili~ary ·
triumphs iR ll>o reee!l! ,o.t left us too
compl~cent ab~ut the future ..fen the ffiilitary leadership~ •
came to us and said, we need to protect readiness; we need to strengthen recruitment; we hav(::
improve quality of life,
w~ listened.
To meet those needs,
t~
w~ reversed a decline in rnilitar; ~~ .
~1; ~
41.,.. tlo
spending that began in 19'§
•.
We restructured our forces to meet the changing threat- and from Haiti to the Balkans to
th~
Gulf, they've done an outstanding job every time we've asked them to go into harm's way.
~
three of four services, the portion of the force judged ready is higher than it ~as in 1993. Al~
~
services are meeting their recruiting goals.
~~.
Other nations are rightfully impressed by the quality of our armed forces- and utterly
~.
uncomprehending of how we might think we are not spending enough on them. Just look at the
.
·.
.
~
ntimbers. We now spend 50 cents of every dollar ofdiscretionary spending on defense. We
account for one-third of all global defense spending. By the most conservative estimates, our
defense spending is now three times that of Russia, China and North Korea together. 15 years
. ago, their spending easily equaled ours. We spend more on military basic research and
development than all the rest of the world combined.
3
�COPY
~~·
The fundamental mission of our armed forces has not changed. It is and will remain defending
and deterring against attacks. on the territory of United States and on our citizens.· We must
.
.·
.
~~ :
als~~
b~e to meet regional threats to our alliances and interests- from the. Korean Peninsula to <5).·~
~!!thhttn~in..:.. without leaving ourselves open to attacker military blackmail elsewhere.~:...
~
.
Those are the pre-eminent missions. for American forces. They form the foundation for our
decisions on how to structure and equip our forces; anci they account for almost 90 percent of our
-
~~
-
- overseas deployments. But they are not the sum total of circumstances where U.S. fore~
~·
required. We must be prepared to engage when important interests and values are at stake and·
~...
us from having to fight a larger-scale conflict later. And finally, it serves America's rp.ost
~f
we can make a difference- and when a small-scale or collective intervention now may prevent
profound national interests that we have highly-qualified and tramed troops available to carry out
4
r
.
�our forces in the Persian Gulf. That lea~es the Balkans,
commitment to our NATO allies and anchoring a European
rce five tirries as large.
see a responsible Administration of either party making any oft · ose choices.
-
J believe aRe tA.s P~;e~ai'ih~at eelier.'~s our' armed forces should not be used in situations where z
!IM..tlua'.s. ~ .
A:merietM1 ~terests
ar~re.
.-
.
~
.
And they have not been. Over the past eight years, we've sent
our armed forces into hostile circumstances to meet Saddam Hussein's threat to use weapons of
mass destruction; we used .force in the Balkans to respond to the specter of a wider war engulfing
NATO allies and spawning a refugee crisis that could have haunted Europe for a generation ..
.
Closer to home, we sent our troops to end repression that was launching tens of thousands of
~,~
Haitians in rickety crafts toward our shores. ·
· n, the
I
..,J;#,ftt;I~~-Wii:..J.U;:.,st~.llll::ce:u.Iuo...CO.Jll.l.~~~~ly
..
-~~k' ~fl.(
humanitarian reasonY\was m s~~aha ~
begiM.iRB in 1992.
Some have carried the argument about U.S.
?1
'
.
ssions to its extreme, and suggested that our
forces should be peacemakers but never peac
eepers. But what would that say about our
willingness; as a nation, to make sure that our s ldiers' victories endure after the battle is over?
What would that do to our capacity to lead? Remem
5
our early experience in Bosnia, where
~~
~.;~()~
~~~
�Aut.!kA
,.gur allies resisted our leadership because they had troops on the
groun~ and we did not. And~
let's not forget that the disproportionate power America enjoys today is far more likely to be ·
d-'Yc.t
accepted by others if we use it for more than self-protection. If we did not support our friends
and allies when they take risks for peace, we would find ourselves alone when we need them.
Practically spOaking, if we were never seen to
Fo. our shailit Would put an end t~ the coalitio~
of nations that already carry most ofthe peacekeeping burden. We have unique capabilites
i~?
gistics and airlift which our friends and allies rely on. The right thing to do is to take the lead
in training and assisting other nations that have profound interests in preventing and resolving
regional conflicts. We're doing that through-the Africa Crisis Response Initiative and with
countries like Nigeria, which has spent $10 billion and sacrificed hundreds of its soldiers' lives
for peace in West Africa. It is in no one's interest for us to become the world's policeman. But ·
e are a global leader, with capabilities and interests no other country can match; we cannot
tand aside from our responsibilities, nor should we want to .
..:...
.
I don't believe those mission categories willlookvery different a decade from now. But the
world in which we carry out those missions clearly will. So instead of debating categories of
readine~e ought to be ~onsidering how the world will be different and how we're going to
develop our capabilities for it.
0allt to suggest four challenges: balancing our forces between old missions and new;
mastering new ~echnologies, especially information technology, without letting them master us;
6
�developing mobility for global missions; and making sure we keep our alliances and partnerships
•.•·.':··
up to the task.
1.. Balance
·
The single biggest question vve face in planning for national security is this: will the conflicts of
the next 20 years look like those of the last 10? We don't know, imd we cannot afford to bet
wrong. Put another way, we must strike a balance; and have forces prepared to fightacross the
spectrum from large regional wars to low-intensity conflict or peacekeeping operations.
.
.
Some ••-Riolo.. have struck an absolute contrast between the two types
~
· . suggested that invol~ement in ~eacekeeping operations is taking the edge off our troops'
. ,_p
Pof ~ '- Ht, ~A. 1t~ /J~ M fo ~, SF~ •··
.·
performance m combat. The topnotch perform~ces by our forces (n bo~ types of missions
suggests otherwise. But it is true that troops need to be thoroughly trained and correctly
;,,
equipped for the mission we ask them to perform - and that takes time and resources. It is also
· true that units heed time for re-training when switching from one niission to another.
We w~ll not, however, have the luxury of purely specialized units. The Marine Corps has
developed a training concept it calls the three-block war. Imagine an expeditionary force
~~
bringing heavy weapons to bear in an urban firefight. One block away, their unitmates act as
.mediators to defuse an armed conflict. A block beyond, the fighting has stopped and U.S. forces
are providing assistance to c~vilians. All of this is happening simultaneously. And not only does
the U.S. force need a full spectrum of equipment and capabilities, its soldiers need the
7
:>
,
�information and skills to figure out which block they're on- and the agility to handle several at
once.
·.
~
2. Technology
·~tu,
.··~Itt.
'That new world of warfare will demand new investments in technology. Already, our weaponry
is a generation ahead qf our nearest potential rival. But we're experimenting vigorously, and
•. ·r; :::::::tte::::;::::::::::@t:::::;:::ftb:~li::n;:::~::::::::e::~o '~
1
.
~~~ eq~ipment. . We met it this year- and we'will maintain- it.
~
.
JV~.
.
·
.
·
·
.
CAe.
.~1
1:f1
Unsurprisingly, most of the future lies in information technology-- tying our personnel more
closely together and better connecting them to the outside world.
01\
~ . For example,
think
about what information, imd the precision targeting it allows, has done for the
. bomb. In World War II, we devoted 9,000 bc;mbs, and 1,500 sorties to one 60' by 100' target.
·today, one B-2 with 16 bombs can target 16 such sites. And in Kosovo, we were able to use
precision-guided munitions more than 98 percent of the time- compared with just 9 percent in
the GulfWar.
In a similar vein, the Army and Navy are experimenting· with information systems that create ·a
giant information network among tanks and field units, or ships and submarines, as if they were
computer users within a single office. ·
8
�Flow of information will change much of what we think we know about military policy - and the
·nexxus between force and diplomacy. And making sure that we build in time for reflection and
communication may be the hardest challenge of all.
But no amount oftechnology will change basic facts like Russia's nuclear deterrent or China's
two-and-a-half million man army. And we already know that information superiority will not be
enough to deter Saddam Hussein, Slobodan Milosevic, or others of their kind.
~
We have no choice but to do two things at once Ago hi_gh-tech as fast as we can, while
maintaining and upgrading the weapons systems that enable us to fight and win~ war today. I
think of this as a blue-chip strategy- we're working to maintain our tremendous market
7
dominance. The U.S. military is not a dot-com start-up that needs to bet everything on untested
·•
technology in order to jump upward in: market share. But we must experiment on a smaller scale
and move forward as fast as we can. I believe we are.
3.. ·Mobility
During the Cold War, we knew where our opponent would be, and stationed forces and
equipment accordingly. That is simply no longer possible. So today we face a major challenge
in ni~bility -- increaslng deployment speed without sacrificing the firepower of bigger, heavier
. .
.
weaponry. We can't just be the biggest force around- we've got to be able to be around ·
. wherever we need to be. And we must be ready to respond to the increased mobility of our
adversaries.
9
�So the Air Force is building its future around expeditionary forces designed to move
~fast and
operate where infrastructure is lacking. And the AJ.1llY is investigating ways to take the functions
of a tank and split them among several smal~er, more mobile units. But this too is going to take
~·
time - and the right kind of investment.
4. Inter-Operability
I ne'ed to mention one more challenge that grows from our very success in becoming a high-tech,
highly mobile force - and that is our ability to mount combined operations with our allies and
partners. We've got to keep inmind that weprobably won't be facing any of these. challenges
· alone.·
Even as we're retooling, many of our allies are seeing declines in defense budgets. The Kosovo
air campaign revealed a growing technology and capability gap between the United States and its
y_w_e_'_&,e not moving forward fast enough, there's a real
allies. It's ironic: even _as_so_m_e_h_er_e_s_a...
danger we're going to get so far ahead of our allies in technology and mobility that they won't be
able to share the burden.
··In the past, inter-operability meant compatible ammunition and exchanges of field manuals; in
future, it will be a matter of ability to share information and take rapid advantage of it.
Since last year, we've been working with our NATO allies to meet specific targets for .
capabilities such as force mobility, on-the-ground support and communication. NATO is
10
�committed to seeing that every member meets its targets -- and we are making progress toward
narrowing the gap.
Meeting this challenge is going to require a good bit of delicate diplomacy, and some unusual
new partnerships among militaries and defense industries; it's also, frankly, going to require that
those nations most eager to see the United States as a partner, not a hegemon, step up and do
their full share.
.
.
These four challenges deserve consideration by everyone who thinks about the future of out
military. But we must not get so caught up.in them that we overlook what will continue to be the
Afhto~ founda.lions of our national sec.urity-the people who serve in. our ~ed forces, and those who
~-
1
· have the power to choose or reJect the path ofmternatwnallea:dersh1p.
In the not-so-distant future, the men and women of the armed forces will be surrounded with
high-tech equipment and barraged with information. We will rely on them to make more
independent judgements than ever before -and they will have less time in which to do it.
'
Investments in technology will fail without people at every level who are eager to learn new
skills and willing to stay around lohg enough to make America's investment in them pay off.
The brains and dedication of America's enlisted personnel are the envy of armed forces the
world over. In a competitive economy, we've got to make sure things stay that way.
11
�We have already begun an effort to make the military a better place to make a career and raise
a
family. We have raised military pay by more than 8 percent over the last two years, and we
expect to raise it significantly again next year. This year's raise was the largest in nearly 20
years. We've increased parts of the military pay scale as much as five percent to reward service
members who gain experience - and stay in to use it. And we are providing better military
housing, and improving access to medical care for all military personnel. [possible_ mention of
tri-care bill before Congress.]
'
.~
:
But financial incentives are not going to be enough. Serving America is, and always has been,
about more tha:n the money and the on-the-job training. It's about service, sacrifice, and
commitment to the ideals that illuminate our nation- and sharing that vision where it is most
· desperately needed.
Now, I don't want to sound like a recruiting poster. But every time I've had the privilege to visit
our Armed Forces in action; I've been profoundly impressed with their dedication- and their
.1\b
pride. I've seen it in the Saudi desert, where they contend with scorching heat, sand storms and
giant bugs to hold back Saddam Hussein. I saw it in Haiti, where soldiers rebuilt schools and
community centers- on their own time. And I saw it during the conflict in Kosovo, when I
heard a pilot based out Of Spangdahlem Air Force Base in Germany tell the President, "Sir, our
team wants to stay with this mission until it's finished."
That's a sacred trust. And the responsibility for maintaining it lies not so much with our men
and women in uniform, but with those of us_in the Executive Branch and Congress who niust
12
�choose when and where- and how equipped and prepared- they will be asked to put their lives
on the line.
It's our responsibility to equip and train them for the missions ahead, and to give them our
unreserved support when they are in the field. It's our responsibility to plan for the future
without neglecting the present. And most of all, it is our responsibility to maintain America's
record of global leadership- and. make sure it is the right kind.
'· When America leads the right way, we use diplomacy to resolve conflicts before they dymand
the presence of our troops. We recognize that the best way to avoid overextending our armed
forces is to avoid underfunding our diplomacy. When America leads the right way, we can enlist
.the help of friends and allies in keeping the peace, and stand by them when they need our help.
That way, we will have not only the military power to get the job done, but the global respect
and authority to stand up for the interests and values that are worth fighting'for.
Maintaining that respect and authority will help us keep the military filled with deliicated people,
committed to their work and supported the American people. And the measure of that respect
and authority will be our most important guidepost to make sure that we do not lose our way
·amid the river oftechnological gairis and geopolitical shifts thafwew1ll surely see in the years.
ahead.
13
�
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