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5/3111994
P5
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POTUS to VP, re: article (written on backside of article) [partial] (1
page)
5/3111994
P5
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From POTUS, re: article [partial] (1 page)
5/3111994
P5
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From POTUS, re: article (and note on the backside of article) [partial]
(2 pages)
5/31/1994
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P5
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From POTUS, re: article [partial] (1 page)
5/3111994
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POTUS to Tony Lake, re: article [partial] (1 page)
5/3111994
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5/31/1994
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COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
WHORM-Subject File General
PU001-07
OA/Box Number: 12155
·.'-'
FOLDER TITLE:
100531SS
Whitney Ross
2006-0646-F
wr848
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�Posrwar Promise
Africa's Newest Nation,
Little Eritrea Emerges
As an Oasis of Civility
0
ued From First Page
Arab· eked terrorists," says an Israeli
foreign-ministry official. "Was that ever a
Independent at Last, Shows
i mistake." Having supplied military ass1s·
tance to Ethiopia during the war. Israel
A Seriousness of Purpose
now is scrambling to offer aid, providing
training in agriculture and hydrology,
Forged in a 30-Year.War
books for the libraries and even small
amounts of military assistance for the new
state, whose coastline commands a strate·
Free Market, With a Twist
gic stretch of the Red Sea.
The U.S., too, is struggling to do
years of enmity. President. Clinton has
By GERAL--;::BROOKS
turned to the Eritrean president, Isaias
Sraff Reporter of THE WALL STRF.F.T ~UURNAL
seph Torrito, who is negotiating to build a Afwerki, to help mediate the bloody clan·
ASMARA, Eritrea - The president of hotel on the Red Sea and apartment blocks war in neighboring Somalia. U.S. Navy
this African country wears plastic sandals in Asmara. Initially, Mr. Torrito had his ships are making port visits, and ma)oroii
to official functions, draws no salary and eye on a site in As mara's bougainvillea· companies are negotiating exploration
prefers dusty Jeeps to limousines.
splashed colonial center. "In West'Afnca, deals. The U.S. military is in advanced
The tree-lined streets of the capital are I'd have got it with $180,000 slipped to the talks on installing powerful over·the·hori·
spotless and safe to walk until the wee city planner," he says. "Here, the guy just zon radar in Eritrea that would allow
hours. There isn't a gun to be seen, even at said, 'Over my dead body you'll build monitoring of the region as far as Iran.
the airport or at government offices.
there.' "Citing the Eritreans' intentions to
Mr. Torrito, who once owned· a go!
Eritrea is Africa's newest nation: a preserve the city's picturesque turn·of·the·
Mississippi-sized slice of rugged Red Sea century heart, the planner steered Mr. mine in Sierra Leone, was among the first
Americans scouting prospects. A retired
coast that has become an unlikely oasis of Torrito to Jess-sensitive sites.
U.S. Anny colonel, he isn't put off by
peace and civility wedged between the
Part of the reason for Eritrea's promise
clan-fighting of Somalia and religious war lies in its long and solitary struggle for spartan conditions. His most recent hotel
in Sudan. Secretary of State Warren Chris· independence. Colonized late, by Italy at room was "what you might call air·condi·
topher calls Eritrea, independent since the turn of the century, Eritreans emerged tioned - by a shell· hole in the wall where a
May 1993, "a beacon of hope astride the from World War II expecting nationhood; small mortar had ripped through." He
says it is Arab businessmen, familiar with
Hom of Africa."
I jnstead, they were swallowed by neighbor· the hard-working habits of Eritrean refu·
The U.S., however, long opposed the ing Ethiopia in 1962.
gees in nearby Persian Gulf countries, who
Eritreans' struggle for independence from
For the next three decades, an ill·
Ethiopia. Since the 1960s, successive U.S. equipped band of Eritrean rebels resisted 1 are flocking to explore business opportum·
administrations had characterized the the takeover, fighting Africa's longest war. ties. "It's the smell of money," Mr. Tom to
rebels as leftists and claimed that their From mountain redoubts where schools, explains. "It's like Faberge."
Inexpensive Lenses
secessionist campaign, if supported, would
start a chain reaction that could put all of factories and surgical wards were gouged
Among projects already under way is a
into hillsides tc protect from aerial born·
Africa's fragile borders at risk.
bardment, the guerrillas slowly wrestled sophisticated laboratory making lenses
that can be surgically implanted to cure
African Model
victory from black Africa's biggest anny.
cataract blindness. An Australian eye sur·
Instead, the· country is emerging as an Bargain-Basement War
geon, impressed by a pharmaceutical
African model. despite a history of misfor·
Ethiopia got millions in military aid
tune on an almost biblical scale. Eritrea's · from the U.S. during the reign of Haile plant built by the Eritreans during the war,
raised donations to equip the factory. With
scorc~ed air swirls with the fine dust of
; Selassie and more from
Soviets during
drought-stripped topsoil, and the dry rattle : the Marxist dictatorship theMengistu Haile its skilled but extremely cheap labor, Eri·
of
of locust plagues provides a depressingly Mariam. The Eritreans had no significant trea can make a lens for $10 that Western
familiar background tattoo. Too few doc· backers and fought a bargain-basement producers usually sell for $120.
Despite its roots as a leftist guerrilla
tors treat too many famine-ravaged tuber· 1 war, largely with captured weapons.
culosis victims, while in the towns, the 1Forced to sink their differences in the face movement in the 1960s, Eritrea's provi·
wheelchair-bound casualties of a 30-year , of a cGmmon enemy, they gradually devel· sional government now is unabashedly
war roll uncertainly down bomb-damaged : oped an egalitarian society in the wartime free-market. "I'm glad in a way that the
Soviets intervened against us" during the
streets.
trenches, blind to gender, class and reli· war with Ethiopia. says a foreign-ministry
A half-Christian, half-Muslim popula· gion.
.
official. "If they hadn't backed Mengistu,
tion of 3.5 million is further riven by nine
"'ll!e thought they were just a bunch of we might have kept believing in Ithe
separate ethmc groups and as many !an·
Please Turn to Page AIO, Column I
Soviets] and ended up like Angola · or
guages. With a per-capita income among
Kampuchea."
the lowest in the world, the tiny country
But while the new investment code is
seems a prime candidate for the kind of
tribal and religious strife tearing at so
many other nations, such as Rwanda.
Yet at a political congress in February,
the countrv's mufti, or supreme Muslim
leader, sat companionably alongside his
Christian Orthodox counterpart. Rural
women wearing traditional veils joked
wlih bareheaded citv women in shorts.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY. MAy 31. 1994
And bv the time the conference ended,
everybody had agreed to work toward
multiparty elections for a democratic. sec·
ular government.
Perhaps even more astonishing, Eri·
trea is beginning to develop without the
corruption so common elsewhere on the
continent.
"You can't find' anvone to bribe here,"
says a bemused American developer, Jo·
It
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WJC HANDWRITiNG
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PHOTOCOPY
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·Robert ]. Samuelson ·
·Homeless: A Local Problem
PHOTOCOPY
WJC. HANDWRITING
Stephen S. Rosenfeld
became almost impossible. Slightly less
than a quarter of today's homeless have
been in mental hospitals. But as Jencks
points out, this does not cover those
homeless with recent mental problems
who might have been hospitalized under
previous policies. Including these, he
reckons that perhaps a third of today's
homeless are mentally ill.
There are other causes of hig~er
homelessness. Jencks says that crack
addiction (cheaper than cocaine), more
long-term unemployment and a decline in
welfare benefits all ·mean that people
with the most precarious lives ·stand a
greater danger of landing in the streets.
What Jencks does not think caused
homelessness is a drop in government·subsidized housing. Between 1979 and
1989, he points out, the number of tenants in subsidized housing rose from 2. 9
million to 4.2 million. Though the Reagan and Bush administrations disliked
these programs, previous spending commitments kept construction expanding.
Nor has housing for the poor generally
deteriorated, though obviously much of it
remains below middle-class standards.
n the ground.
The embarrassment in Rwanda is. r lTS ,
e
Uffll zeS
~The low-rent housing available in 1973
often lacked amenities, such as central
scarcely less painful. The United Nations' first response was to pull peace- Wl
C l
heat and hot water," Jencks reports.
"Many poor tenants who came of age
keepers out, abandoning the helpless cibefore World War II saw these amenities
vilians it was ostensibly there to protect. Tom Wolfe once put it. Homelessness is a
as luxuries." By 1989 surveys showed
Some U.N. forces remain, but with both blander term, implying that the homeless
tenants had more rooms, more "comthe Hutu army and Tutsi rebels threat-. bear no responsibility for their own plight.
plete bathrooms, complete kitchens ...
ening to fire upOn them if they get in the. AU labels simplify the human condition,
modern plumbing, central heat arid air
way, they may not be there for long.
; and if homeless is too forgiving for some,
conditioning" than in 1973.
.. ·
· It's not "the U.N.'s" fault. A rnem-! ~bums" may not be forgiving enough for
What remains is a small, highJy.'Visible
bership organization, it must heed mem-! others. But whatever the labels, some
and largely insolvable problem. ·Jencks
bers unwilling to take more than token people will always fall to the bottom.
thin,ks that the homeless at any orie time
Why, then, is homelessness so conspicu·
casualties. But in that case, the talking
tripled or quadrupled in the 1980s to
part of the United Nations should stop ous now when it wasn't 15 or 20 years
issuing resolutions, instructions and ·ago? The main explanation is that. the 300,000 or 400,000; the administration
uses a figure of 600,000, which seems on
promises premised on the notion that the , problem we now call homelessness eXJsted
the high end of reasonable estimates.
peace-keeping force is a military jugger- before in other forms and other places. In
Some people experience brief periods of
naut. The now-desultory discussion of a new book ("The Homeless," Harvard
homelessness, so that in the late 1980s, as
tactics must get serious. Ground forces 1University Press), sociologist .C~topher
many as 1.2 million people annually might
might be reduced and air power brought .Jencks of Northwestern Uruvers1ty has
have been on the streets sometime. All
to bear against the violators of U.N. 1meticulously reviewed the various studies
estimates are rough; aU seem large but are
decrees. Or forces might be \pcreased .and concludes that a large part of t~y's
and unleashed.
·
, problem results from the destruction of relatively small in a nation of 260 million.
'What can be done? Families with chilMany people have already concluded "skid rows" ~d the "deinstitutionalization~
dren deserve the most help. But they
that international peace-keeping involv- of mental patients.
account for Jess than a fifth of the homeing the use of force is a passing phase in : Skid rows were rarely visited by the
less, and most already use shelters and
global politics, a post-Cold War experi- ,middle class. The homeless were out of
tend to move fairly rapidly out of homement that did not work out. But it's early ,sight and out of mind; tPeY slept on the
lessness. Many of the rest (mostly single
to throw in the towel. I think there is still I streets or in flophouses. In 1958 Chicago's
men) are barely employable. Many are
a
tnf£o!fls ~r ~ff!rtQ~U.N. I~Jdd:~~~~~;£:r~~o~$~in~
alcoholics or drug users. Many have
chosen panhandling. as a way of life. The
z;:s;i;
8,000. By 1992 only one
~.'1fot that the members-sover- 'similar hotel remained with, perhaps, 200 odds of helping them are long. If we had
no other social problems, we might still
eigii'SThtes, after all-couldn't later take rooms .. Skid rows were regarded as disspend heavily to beat the odds. But there
back their approval. But at least there graces. They often became sites for urban
are many demands on limited public
would be an effort to deal with the real renewal. or strict enforcement of building
funds for other pressing needs: to control
world of hard choices ·rather than a ,codes put hotels out of business. In the
crime, reduce welfare dependency, impretend world in which everybody acts process, the down-and-out lost their most
prove schools or provide more health
as though peace comes for free.
, reliable form of housing.
care. Spending more for the homeless
In any event, let us not slip too casual- .That loss, .writes Jencks, "combined
ly and uncritically into D-Day celebration ~th changes m the laws about panhan- crimps spending for something else.
Is the extra effort worth it? The hard
of a war that, after all, involved a global d!iflg and vagrancy, encouraged destJt~te
questions are best settled locally. People
cataclysm and caused more than a · smgle adults to spread out over the entire
quarter-million American combat deaths. city,. turning every doorway into a paten- ' can weigh their own conditions, competing needs and moral sensibilities. Home!twas horrible. We should be glad that !tial flophouse." Homele~ness increased
lessness is mainly a local problem. Transour security and stability cares, though 1and became a lot more VISible, though the
forming it into a national issue is
they use up our whole frazzle quotient, :~umbers were never huge. A 1958 survey
convenient for advocates, because it proare trivial compared with the challenges' m Chicago found about 1,300 homeless;
vides the most government money for
that America and its allies faced and I three decades later, the number was
the least amount of lobbying. But this is
mastered in World War II.
about 2,800 in a city of 2.8 million.
·
ultimately a corrupt and delusional bar"Deinstitutionalization" has had a simigain. It makes people less responsible for
lar effect. It transformed an invisible
!?cal pr?.ble~s. an~ imposes a moral burpr~blem !nto a visible one. feopl~ ,who
No problem better highlights the limits of collectil·e compassion than that of
the homeless. just last week, the Clinton
administration proposed raising federal
spending on the homeless to $2.2 billion
in 1995, double the 1993 level and more
;;o, than four times what it was in '1987.
~ · Even the administration does not claim
that its program will reduce homeless: ness by more than a third, and this may
• be optimistic. All the federal spending to
date has barely dented the problem.
' We Americans are eternal optimists.
• We think that aU problems are solvable.
We believe in the "indefmite perfectibility
1
I of man," as Alexis de Tocqueville put it.
In Bosnia, the United Nations now But people are permanently imperfect,
· routinely softens NATO's ultimatums to and aU proble~ are not solvable. Some
avert expected Serb retaliation against ·1will endure forever. There will always be a
exposed U.N. forces. This makes the: sliver of society-especially in_a nation as
world body a partner in dilp.ting its own· big, diverse and individualistic as ourscredibility and effectiveness. It gets who will be more than desperately poor.
~~~~~~~~~~~~!;i!~:s They will drop off the edge.
conduct is treated as a Many of these people used to be called
!'vagrants, tramps, bums," as the. writer
oss o geutr ty. u
poorly place]' to . complain as long as '
·
American forces do not share the risks ·
The Oarity of D-D
The muddle of today's internationalism
D-Day: landing boats, dramatic action, a
known and evil foe, full power, victory.
Nothing has changed more in 50 years
than the way in which we routinely tend to
the global stability that was bought by
massive commitment and sacrifice in
World War 11. The United Nations peacekeeping operations now scattered around
the world are everything D-Day was not:
. marginal, ambivalent, ragged, controversial. But how could it be otherwise? And
who would again want total war?
We must deal with the world we live
·in, and we live in a world where peacekeeping in its various forms is unavoidable and important to us. We have not
done it well enough and as a result we
face a certain crisis of internationalism.
Bill Clinton is blamed for wobbling, Boutros Boutros-Ghali for overreaching. But
such criticisms miss the main point. The
real trouble is that in this time of relative
safety and security for the favored nations, peace-keeping can mean an unwelcome degree of personal risk to the
forces taking part and political risk to
their sponsoring governments. Americans have spent the past few years wrestling with this dilemma.
The post-Cold War vista opened with
the rosy and mistaken diagnosis that
Soviet-American confrontation alone had
kept the United Nations from ushering in
a new world order. In the second, more
sober stage we are seeing that the United Nations is not merely an irregular
contributor to global stability but sometimes itself a contributor to disorder.
The primary contributors tci disorder are
the governments· and their challengers.
But the deeds done by peace-keepers
sometimes have the unintended but perverse effect of enabling the parties to
extend war and avoid peace.
To use the United Nations as an instrument of relief, for example, sounds
noble. But it can also encourage combatants to shift some· part of their war
budget to others and can spare them the
discipline of an early reckoning. Are we
ready to use relief explicitly as a political
lever? The new pattern of ethnic wars
makes this disturbing question increasingly difficult to evade.
" The international presence in Bosnia is
-being used by the Serbs in an effort to
freeze their gains and by the Muslims to
reverse their losses. This is understandable: They are at war. But peace-keepers
lend only themselves to the belligerents'
maneuvers when they make their own
safety their first concern.
...
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�PHOTOCOPY
wjc HANDWRITING
]i11} Hoagland
Image lsn 't Everything
point: USut you have to wonder now if this
The conunents help reveal why the adminjust a learning curve problem. There are 1
istration's unheralded foreign policy successes
signs that this presidency's grip on foreiJ
stay unheralded and why Bosnia, Haiti and
affairs is getting more solid as time p~sse
other trouble spots erupt in the media with
The same problems seem simply to recu
the irregularity and ferocity of gout attacks.
often in the same form and on the san
"What gets brought into the meeting often
subject. That is the discouragmg thing."
has very little to do with the issue under
I heard similar observations from staunch
discussion." the official .continued. "Past batpro-.American British, French and Germ;
tles won or lost get started again in the guise
officials on a recent trip to Europe, where tl
of dealing with today's subject. Issues are used
Bosnian crisis has significantly eroded Ame1
to form or maintain alliances within the bucan credibility.
reaucracy or within the leadership group itself. Little beyond the most immediate issue
To be blunt about it, some of America's be.
gets resolved absent a crisp sense of direction
friends in Europe have concluded that thf
from the president."
cannot work constructively with this admini:
Something new? Hardly. It is a description
tration and are resigned just to endure i
that applies to the difficulties faced by most
They will not say so publicly. But they n
new administrations, a key foreign policy-maklonger bother to hide that attitude in private.
e~;.m the Bush administration said when I ran
The Europeans are accustomed to Arner
these conunents past him. This rock-ribbed
ca's asserting its own agenda and musclin
Republican recalled the stumbling start of the
them to achieve its goals. They know how t
Reagan presidency and said the Bush team
respond to that approach and protect the:
had been blessed to know each other well
interests. What leaves them at a Joss are th
before taking offii::e.
inconsistencies and omissions of recent Ame1
"'f we had had to get to know each other ican diplomacy on Bosnia.
and figure out whose judgments and motives ·
An important example: The British and th
to trust in a world without the Cold War, we
French felt significant progress had bee
would have faced many of the same problems,"
made when the United States agreed to
he added.
Geneva conference on Bosnia based on
settlement giving the Serbs 49 percent c
He went on to make what I think is the key
Bosnian territory. Barely 24 hours before th•
conference began .. the Europeans ·discovere•
that the United States had also given it
blessing to a Bosnian-Croat map that awarde•
the Serbs only 42 percent of the land.
The State Department initially could no
explain to Paris or London how this ha•
happened or which commitment was the reo:
· one. (It turned out to be the 51-49 division.)
"This is either completely amateurish o
. extremely cynical," a senior and long-servini
compared with the high rates of homicide,
British official said. "The lack of comprehen
or child abuse, committed by drinkers. N
· sion that now exists between us and: Washing
drug is tied to as much violent crime as al
ton is greater than at any time in my experi
The Capriati arrest raises civil liberties ssues,
· ence."
which are at the core of the move to dec · · alize
European puzzlement over U.S. intention
marijuana. If the police have no right to c rge into
will have been deepened by the May 1:
motel rooms, or homes, when they suspec an
-debacle of the Senate's passing two conflictinJ
alcohol addict is on a bender, it is a bizarre aw that
bills on lifting the arms embargo agains
sanctions ignoring the privacy rights of th
·
Bosnia and the president's qualified oppositio1
marijuana user: a citizen using a substance
to lifting the embargo spelled out in a majo
acknowledged to be far Jess a danger to s
foreign policy address at the U.S. Naval Acad
the. individual than alcohol.
emy commencement May 25.
The war on drugs is actually a skirmish o
Clever stage management of the trips t•
Europe and some well-delivered speeches fal
·selected drugs, with killer drugs like alcoho
into the "necessary but not sufficient" catego
nicotine exempted. It is also a war frequentl
ry. Even as they polish their foreign polic: ·
against those least able to defend themselves. ew
teenagers like Jennifer Capriati have either a
image, the p~::~~~~~~~~~~~
be thinking h:
knowledge of the law-or the spunk-to tell th
police, no, you cannot nose through my room for
pot, get a search warrant first. How many high
school students: or adults even, know the
Jaw-including the right to remain silent-when
the police show up? Did Capriati know when she
gave police permiSsion to search her room?
In "Marijuana Law," a 1992 book, defense
attorney Richard Glen Boire writes that most
arrests ami convictions on marijuana charges could
be avoided if citizens knew both the legalities and
their constitutional rights. Because most users of
this relatively harmless and non-addictive dru2
What surprised you· the most? I put that
question to someone who has attended many
of this administration's most important meetings about foreign policy and national security.
The answer came without hesitation: uHow
much of the meeting was not about the meeting."'
.
Then the official added after apause: HAnd
how much Bill Clinton hates making decisions
on foreign policy. The only thing he would
hate· more would be letting someone else
make the decisions. That he won't do."
Even so, Clinton has embarked on a foreign
policy se·ason, delivering conunencement addresses that focus on his vision of the world
and undertaking two trips to Europe: to commemorate D-Day in June and to attend the
G-7 economic summit in Naples in july.
HiS advisers hope the speeches and the
trips will muffle the ·fusillade of criticism
directed at the president in recent weeks by
those who have suddenly discovered that Clinton ~s not a Henry Kissinger nor will he
employ one. These aides count on the trips to
brighten Clinton's leadership image.
Bom1e chance, moil.rie~r le president.
But Clinton's advisers may also want to
ponder the underlying problems suggested by
those spontaneous conunents from a Clinton
frieoo about meetings and decision-making.
COLMAN McCARTHY
Capriati Arrest Lets Society Blow· Sm ·
ecause Jennifer Capriati can swat a tennis
ball across a net better than most people,
and because those swatting talents have ·
earned her an Olympic gold medal and millions of
dollars· in endorsement deals, her recent arrest in
Florida on a marijuana charge was national news.
Police in Coral Gables searched the.18-year-old's
motel room and found a small amount of the
drug-less than an ounce-in a backpack.
Celebrity busts draw headlines, plus the
predictable afterwash commentary: another of the
mighty brought down by crime and pot. Newspapers
ran police mug shots of Capriati, her glum visage
contrasting with the bubbly smiles of her days as a
court princess.
If Capriati were not a tennis star and just another
·teenager, she would have been one of 300,000
Americans arrested this year on marijuana.charges.
That is one person every two minutes, with
Capriati's tum coming in a Florida motel. Her
arrest has bolstered the addled notion that any
youth, or anyone else, who messes around with
· marijuana is either on a downhill road to ruin or has
hit bottom already.
Police found no evidence that Capriati possessed
or used.heroin or cocaine. But the misdemeanor
charge is enough to have her singled out as a model
for the evils befalling pot users. It is enough also to
loosen a torrent of media speculation that because
Capriati was caught with marijuana, she is a druggie
who could also be hooked on harder stuff. Media
comments ranged from "so sad, so ugly" in The
B
�CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
�Judy Shelton
·-
.
So even as sharply rising interest rates are
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
spooking average Americans and undennining
"3 \-- Gt~J
the fundamental assumptions of Clinton's domestic economic program, the international
fmancial markets are merely pacified for the
present. Wall Street's seeming approval of the
jump two weeks ago in key interest rates is a
reflection of that. It does not mean U.S.
business is eager to embrace a higher cost of
·capital or that consumers are ready to absorb
higher borrvwing costs.
Are fmancial markets irrational, superstitious? To the contrary. They are not prone to
The Federal Reserve Board decides to raise
inflation myths, as Laura D'Andrea Tyson,
interest rates by a hefty one-half percentchairman of the president's Council of Ecoand Wall Street cheers? Either financial marnomic Advisers, would have· us believe. They
kets are truly perverse, as some at the White
are registering their legitimate response to
House have suggested, or something else is
the Clinton administration's demonstrated
going on. And it isn't inflation.
willingness to let the dollar slide to achieve
The United States under the Clinton ad0--u
ministration is locked on a collision course.' perceived gains in foreign trade. What is
~:I
perverse is to proclaim a co~tment to a
between its desired domestic economic agenstrong dci1lar, as Clinton did in December
da and the demands of the international fman1992 (when it took 124 yen to buy a dollar),
ciaJ community. President Clinton has set
and then expect investors to passively absorb
great store on his ability to deliver low inter:IJO
est rates as the result of prudent budget exchange rate losses as the White House talks
-"tt
down the value of America's currency.
deci~ion~. While administration officials early
on d1snussed the stock market as a credible
The writer is a senior research fellow at the
.
C>
~udge of their economic program ("It goes up,Hoover Institution at Stanford Unive"LINTQ
1t goes down"), they have pointed to the low
30-year Treasury bond rate with pride and
satisfaction. ·
·
.
.
But since that benchmark rate started clim; to his .guns through California's worst econombing precipitously this year-it reached as
' ic slump since the Depression.
high as 7.60 percent on May 11, compared
Now, however, he is running for reelection
Wlth 5.78 on Oct. 14-the White House has
! with the aid of scary black-and-white commerbeen scrambling t.o. explain to the American
. cials that show hordes of Mexican immigrants
people what has changed. As it turns out, the
~g across the border at San Ysidro,
U.S. domestic economic scene hasn't changed
dodgmg cars as they pour into the United
much in the past seven months, except for the
Ws ANGELES-The late Richard M:. Nixon States. "They keep coming," a narrator's voiCe
neveX: quite understood what all the ·fuss was declares. "The federal government won't stop
better: Employment is up, inflation is down.
~-when critics took him to task fpr winning them at the border ... Gov. Pete Wilson sent
What has been driving interest yields higher is
electiQns to the House in 1946 and.the Senate in the National Guard to help."
the insistence by foreign investors that they
19~ -~Red-baiting his Democratic opponents.
The ad extols Wilson for workiDg to deny
be compensated for the impact of a falling
Npcon, after all, had grown up in California, basic services to immigrants and bashes Srate
dollar.
·
·
.
whe~ calling a political opponent a Communist' Treasurer Kathleen Brown, his anticipated
Ever since Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bent-·
was "then as American as apple pie. And while' J>t:mocratic opponent in November, for not
sen uttered "I'd like to see a stronger yen" at
communism is gone with the wind, the political ~omg enough to halt the "brown tide." In real
the National Press Club a month after Clinsmear-unfortunately remains an enduring feature I life, as oppo~d to this low-blow commercial,
ton's inauguration, the value of the dollar has
of california election campaigns. .
.
Brown ~a~ dis~layed a disturbing tendency to
been up for grabs in international currency
·Population growth and the high costs of engage m mmugrant bashing of her own.
ma~kets. Clinton himself compounded the jawtelevision advertising have, if anything, lowI ~- awar~ that the phrase "immigrant
ered the tone since the Nixon days. The only bashir)g" can 1tse~ be. used to smear anyone
borung factor last spring, when he announced
e~ect1ve way to access 32 million people who does not beheve m open border~. There
at a joint press conference with Japan's visitdispersed among four major media markets are_peo~le_m all walks of life who believe that
ing prime minister th~t the weak dollar was
and .several minor ones is through the com- ~~rrua IS more ~urdened than enriched by
"number ~ne" on a li~t of the "things working
pressed sound bites of television commercials mmugrants. or that 1t has reached its carrying
today which may g1ve us more results" in
which are better suited to smears than t~ .capacity. There are also scholars who areshrinking the U.S. trade deficit with Japan.
high:minded policy discussions.
supportive of immigration who share Wilson's
Global currency traders took notice. If offiThe champion smear artist of the current view that the federal government is unfairly
cials in the White House wanted to see the
primary campaign is a fanner Democratic pen_a~g high-immigration states such as
dollar go down against the yen, they would be
Party. state chairman named Phil Angelides, · Califorrua, Texas_ and_ Flo~ida by ma~ng them
only .too happy to accommodate them. Within
who -wants. to become his party's nominee for 1 pay _the ~ulk of mumgrat1on costs mstead of
state treasurer. The way he has decided to do; deali~ Wl_th the 1ssue as a national problem.
four months, the dollar would hit post-World
this is by smearing his opponent State SenaWilson IS no yahoo. He understands, better
War II recordlows approaching 100 yen to the
tor David Roberti, the author ~f the partial ! ~han_ mo~t, t~e inflammatory nature of the
dollar.
state ·ban on assault weapons who recently · 1mnugrat.Jon ~ssue. He has shown this in
,
Still, bond yields seemed relatively unafturned back a recall effort led by the National : speeches callmg for immigration reform in
fected by the sagging dollar until early this
Rifle-Association.
,i which he also expresses admiration for the
year. Then, suddenly, the dollar began losing
.. Tl)e gun champions who tried to get Rober- . courage of the immigrants he believes Amerivalue against the Gennan mark also. Now
ti sometimes depicted him in the cross hairs of ca cannot afford to keep.
global investors were demanding higher intera marksman's sights. Angelides prefers char-· . The g_ove~or'~ understanding of the human
est rates to offset the projected exchange rate
acter.assassination. Because Roberti is a Ro-1 s1de of unm1grat1on makes his ad that much
loss from investing in dollar-denominated fi.
man· Catholic who ooooses abortion and 17 ~ore offensive. Lamentably, it draws upon the
. 5-
Those
Markets
Aren't Crazy
~
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oo
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COPY
Lo"u Cannon
Smeared
In California
I
�In our opinion
is the duty of a newspaper to become the attorney
the most defenseless among its subscribers."
--Col Harry M Ay•rs. PreSldenl and PubliSher. 1910-1964
P. A. SANGUI:-.iETTI
Presidenl
BRANDT AYERS
itor and Publisher
Page 2C, The Anniston Star, Sunday May 15, 1994
~be ~nni£lton ~tar
tt here
:hina is too
~ig to lose
randt Ayers
EAR MR. President:
) You already know
what you have to do
China next month.
re not going to tell China:
lost. It's too big to lose.
u put it so well in the
h at Waseda University
July in
·
D. "Ex:d trade
more
econs not
enrich
e, they
emr them.
·J
: is a r···· .., .
utionary
Ayers
that wears down the
lations of despotic rule
fhe movement toward
·cracy is the best guaranf human rights."
u went on to cite the
pies of the Philippines,
an, Korea and others to
>rt your · belief that
·e open economies also
people's hunger for
·cracy and freedom and
, open political sysat's
a
substantial
trade accounted for more than
half the new jobs in the
United States. American families would suffer if China
was denied "Most Favored
Nation" status.
In China, the results could
be destabilizing. Already
there are estimates. of 100 to
200 million unemployed
peasants, "blind drifters,"
roaming the countryside and
contributing to the crime
problem. An army of un. employed the size of England, France and Germany
could be controlled only by
draconian police action.
China is obsessive about
maintaining order, for understandable reasons. Its paramount leaders nervously recall. the chaos of the Cultural
Revolution and the bloody
upheaval of civil war. Any
threat to stability triggers
harsh reactions, retarding or
reversing human rights progress.
LL OVER Asia there
would be sighs of relief
If you repeated the
Waseda principle as a reason
for decoupling human rights
from trade. In Hong Kong, for
instance, they fear that closing the _trade door :y~uld cost
A
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l-IUMANKINIJ~~ Bosnla~J.IrJiti --r-t-+---+\.---1--J
A new politics of 'empowerment'
By Neal R. Peirce
W
ITIIIN WEEKS, official Washington will
be deluged with community applications to snare the
benefits of nine empowerment
zone and 95 enterprise community designations .voted by Congress last year.
As the Clinton administration
then gets to work on judging the
entries, poli· ~ _.,,::;;_;
it's ...... ~~
likely
r ..
ticians and the
media,
as
usual,
will
dwell on the
old politics whowiiJ win or
lose?, is the
competition
"wirP..rl"
fnr
~'ol!l \
~-
If communities will commit to reaching performance-based benchmarks of improvement,
Washington will give them preference in waiving
burdensome federal regulations.
Second, the partners· must
ing and Community Developagree on a strategic plan to create
ment Conference in Washington
job opportunities, not only directMarch 30.
ly but by fostering communities
Some places seem truly to
with safe streets, decent housing,
grasp the spirit and potential of
social services, clean air and
the new deal the feds are offering.
Consider the example of Ameriwater and improved schools ca's most ravished great city, in
places that can attract jobs.
Finally, the feds are saying, if
the nation's most segregated recommunities will commit themgion - Detroit. With the bait of
empowerment zone designation,
selves to reaching performancebased ·benchmarks of improveand anxious to bolster freshman
ment, then Washington will give ·Mayor Dennis Archer, the big
them preference in waiving
institutions of the Detroit region
burdensome ·federal regulations.
have produced a startling set of
Richest benefits wiiJ flow to the · initiativt;s.
project will be a "collaboration
and innovation center." Pushed
by Renaissance director Robert .
Keller, the center will include
rooms for collaboration-building
sessions among citizen, business
and government stakeholders
who've often been at each other's
throats. The facility will have one
room for computer-assisted nego~
tiations and telecommunications
capacity to confer and compare
notes with groups in other cities.
Most cities' efforts are more
modest. Los Angeles considers it
something of a miracle that the
city bureaucracy has made com·
mon cause with the Coalition of
Neighborhood Developers, a
group of 56 grass-roots organizations. This first-ever planning
combine of African American,
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�Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
AND TYPE
DATE
SUBJECTffiTLE
Phil Caplan to POTUS, re: Recent Information Items (3 pages)
7/22/1998
RESTRICTION
P5
CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
.·
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
WHORM Su~ject File-General
FGOOl
OA/Box Number:
FOLDER TITLE:
273323SS
Whitney Ross
2006-0646-F
wr845
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Pl National Security Classified Information [(a)(l) of the PRA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a)(4) ofthe PRA]
PS Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(S) of the PRA]
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
of gift.
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
2201(3).
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S. C. 552(b)]
b(l) National security classified information [(b)(l) of the FOIA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) ofthe FOIA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b)(4) ofthe FOIA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of theFOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
COPY
�f'LlNTON LlBRARY PHOTOCOPY
THE WHITE HOUSt'
THE PRES:DENT HAS SEEN
,_a~- q~
0 ~ \ \ n~e..J5
FROM:
l
~ c..hc:..c...-l be--fw.Q..
SUBJECT:
Recent Information Items
t_6 ~ '-\ l. V\ '\
We are forwarding the following recent information items:
~).
.
~)
OMB Update on
Chem./Biologic~ Budget Amendment forwarded by Podesta--
Congress will fund. most of your priorities.in the chem./bio budget amendment, but not all
of them; the House funded $170M of the $295M proposed; the Senate to date has funded
$224M; both appropriations committees have acted on the DOJ and FEMA pieces, but
bills have not yet gone to the floor; for DOJ, both Houses met or exceeded your requests
on training/equipping local first responders; the Senate largely funded the $13M request
for FBI Chem/Bio operations, the House did not; the Senate fully funded the $1OM
request for planning, the House provided $3M; for FEMA, the Senate provided $11M,
t..h.e House provided nothing ($12M was requested); for HHS, the House subcommittee
fully funded antidote/antibiotic stockpiling ($51M), but rejected the $43M proposed for
infectious disease surveillance, the $10M for research, and the $7M for response.
Berger Memo on Rumsfeld Commission Report --last Wednesday the Congressional
Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat chaired by Donald Rnmsfeld released
its report to Congress; its conclusions: emerging ballistic missile powers like Nor[}:
Korea and Iran would have the means to strike the U.S. within five years of a decision to
acquire such a capability (10 years for Iraq); the Intelligence Community (IC) might not
be immediately aware that such an effort was underway; U.S. policies should be revised
to reflect the possibility of little or no warning time; Sandy responds: the IC will seek to
incorporate the Report's recommendations coneerning intelligence analysis, but stancls by
its assessment of the threat (i.e., that it is unlikely that countries beyond Russia, China
and perhaps North Korea will deploy an ICBM capable of reaching any part of the U.S.
before 2010); our program provides for a year 2000 decision whether to initiate v.Jimit~d
deployment in 2003; the GOP is likely to call for a more rapid deployment.
Sperling Memo on Coordination of Int'l Economic Crisis forwarded by Erskin~ -says we've made significant progress in coordinating the Administration's response to
international financial issues (e.g.. establishing a process to include all relevant parties in
decision making; increasing staff, deputy and principal level meetings; holding twi.ce
weekly conference <"alls with NEC, Summers, Steinberg, Geitlmer, Eizenstat and ethers);
Gene attaches a chronology that details fue team's work over the past six weeks.
Paper Copy Generated by
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�CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
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Berger Memo on USAF Pilot Retention -- responds to your note on a letter to Diane
Gunn Anderson ofEl Dorado, Arkansas; the Air Force is losing pilots faster than they can
be trained, creating a projected shortfall of2300 pilots by FY02; the number of pilots
·
C.O\) (c_
separating this year is up 78% fr?m l~t year~ primary r~asons_give~ ~e: ~e:npo
(frequency of deployment, exercises, mspections), quality of life, arrlme hiring, and
assignment to rion-flying duties; in that ord~r; compensation was not identified as a
primary issue, but was a contributing factor; Shelton and Ryan have reduced
NSC
deployments, exercises, and have shortened certain unit rotations; the Air Force is
working on quality of life issues; Sec. Cohen has formed a working group to review . W\Y\~ de-s
compensation.
d.
&=y-gev
west~
t:ow\e ~
Po\0 5
'\v•
~
Memo on Youth Unemployment and Crime from Sec. Herman-- says the
unemployment rate for African American teenagers declined by nine percentage points to -- ·
reach an historical low of20.2%; since they began keeping statistics in 1972, this
unemployment rate has been around 30%; while these numbers are hopeful, the rate is
still high; she attaches a memo and charts from her chief economist, Edward
Montgomery, illustrating that fewer than half of out-of-school N A male youths have jobs
and a large percentage are in jail; the Montgomery memo makes a number or policy
recommendations; we have forwarded it to DPC for review. ·
Poll of Women's Views on Education with cover note from Minyon Moore-- Celinda
Lake poll for the American Association of University Women shows: education remains
a salient issue for women; three quarters say Federal government should play a
significant role; safety, quality, access, and investment are Women's top priorities; large
majorities favor improved safety measures (86%), tough standards for teachers (89%) an ~~"G:.SID£N)i
students (84%), and limiting class sizes for grades K through 3 (82%); these ideas recei ~
overwhelming approval across party lines.
~
Thank You Note from Navy Secretary Dalton-- thanks you for presenting the Me j.
of Honor to Doc Ingram, hosting the Marine Band and picnic on the South Lawn, and £
attending the Kennedy Center concert; "your attendance and participation at such events
is typical of the outstanding job you do in showing your concern for our men and women
in uniform;" looks forward to seeing you on July 25 at the USS Truman commissioning.
~
Congressional Correspondence forwarded by Janet
Murgui~) Note from Sen.
-~~
Max Baucus -- thanks you for inviting him to travel with-¥olf in China; it was an honor
~ • .-. to be part of such an historic visit; "You were masterful!"; (t) Note from Rep. Henry
Bonilla -- thanks you for saying hello to his daughter, Allie, at the Wh\te House picnic; "I
truly appreeiate the extra effort you always make to stop and say hello;'\Qj) Note from J"
Rep. Abercrombie -- forwards a review of Luzon, a novel by Steven Goldsberry, that
~_,
puts a "human face on the issues we've been discussing relating to Filipino veterans."
J
~:
fro
\<?r
\ Photos of Rwanda Genocide Memorial forwarded by Berger-- t.wo snapshots John
\
Pendergast took of the memorial built for your visit at the Airport in Kigali; as you know
a·-,
G
d
security considerations did not permit you to see it first hand. ~~a
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�THE PRESIDENT HAS SEH-'
\-1-'2.~'\~
We have also received the following item:
•
_ ~port on America's Children fonvarded by Jack Lew -- Jack has sent you a copy of
vmerica 's Children: Key National Indicators ofWell-Being, the second volume prepared
to meet the requirements of your Executive Order; contains statistics grouped into four
areas: economic security, health, behavior/social environment, and education; a copy is
on .file in our office.
CLiNTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
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1993-2001
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FOIA 2006-0646-F - Genocide in Rwanda in 1994
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Previously Restricted Document Release no. 4
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