-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ff43ae54e6b6afe0a4b119ce63c71e44.pdf
927a3b3df252097e2c983e294633eda7
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2006-0471-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Folder Title:
Africa - Background [2]
Staff Office-Individual:
Speechwriting-Widmer, Edward
Original OA/ID Number: .
2188
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
Stack:
48
6
7
1
v
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Washington, D.CID
March 15 .. 18, 1999
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I··
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
want to introduce the people of the United States,
through my trip, · to the new face of Africa. · From Kampala
to Cape Town, ·from Dakar to Dai::-Es-Salaam, Africans are
being stirred by new hopes for democracy and peace and
prosperity. Challenges remain, but ·they must be to all of
you a call to action, not a Cf3USe for despair.
You must
draw strength from the past and energy from the promise of
a new future.
President Clinton, March 23, 1998
Independence Square, Accra, Ghana
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Building the Partnership, Working Hand-in-Hand With Africa to:
Change the way Americans think about Afri
Promote human
ghts & rule of law
Encourage democracy & good governance
Enhance developmen~ & 'education opportunities
Support.economic reform in African nations·
Support Africa's integration into the global economy
Work to prevent conflicts, cycles of violen~e & instability
Address environmental and food security concerns
Promote U.S.-Africa trade & inv~stment
Enhance commitments to core l'abor standards .
Develop safe & efficient transportation systems
The President's Initiatives: Strengthening US-Africa Partnership
artnership for
E~onomic
Growth and Opportunity in Africa
The President's Partnership for Economic Growth and Opportunity
for Africa, first announced in June 1997, encourages African
na ons to impi'ernent significant economic· reforms necessary for
sustainable growth and development.·
Goals:
• Support aggressive reform-oriented economic policies that will
build strong, capable economic partners in Africa through
access to U.S. markets, debt relief, and technical assistance;
1
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
.-1
I
I
•
Expand trade and investment opportunities for American and
African companies through greater access to financing through
the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the
Export~Import Bank, and the Trade Development Agency, greater
support from the Commerce Department, and increased engagement
from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR};
•
Ensure passage of companion legislation, the African Growth
and Opportunity Act, that provides further support
these
goals via enhanced market access for reforming African
nations.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• The U.S. Government has committed to provide USD$245 million
in forgiveness of bilateral concessional (lo~ inter~st) debt
for Africa's strongest reformers in fiscal year 1999 (Oct
1998- Sept 1999), at a budget cost of USD$27 million;
•
The President has requested a budget appropriation for an
additional USD$237 million in bilateral and multilateral debt
forgiveness at a budget cost of USD$20 million in
seal year
2000 (Oct 1999- Sept 2000};
•
The Agency for Int~rnational Development is providing USD$30
million in fiscal year 1999 (Oct 1998 - Sept 1999) in
technical assistance for reforming African nations to
strengthen their economic capacity, building on an initi
USD$10 million in fiscal year 1998 (Oct 1997- Sept 1998);
•
Appointed an Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for .Africa,
with broad responsibilities for coordinating our trade policy;
•
Negotiated and signed two Trade and Investment Framework
Agreements (South Africa and Ghana) and a Bilateral Investment
T
y (M~zambique};
•
Established an Export-Import Bank Senior Advisor positiC?n
an.Advisory Committee on Africa;
•
Created two equit~ in~estment funds at the Oversea~ Private
Investment Cdrporation, and in the process of creating a
third, infrastructure investment fund. Together these funds
harness up to USD$770 million in equity investment for Africa.
and
2
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I
I
I
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• As part of the continuing commitment to expanding the U.S.Africa iartners~ip~ convened t~e first-ever U.S.~Africa
Ministerial meetin~ from March 16~18, 1999 with.nine Cabinet
members and ministers from 46 African nations. U.S. and
African officiali discussed expanding our partnership on
trade, investment, economic growth, conflict prevention and
good governance;
•
Both the African Growth and Opportunity Act and the
President's Partnership call for an Economic Cooperation Forum
for u~s. and African cabinet-level officia~s.
The Forum is
tentatively slated for th~ end of 1999.
Safe Skies for Africa Initiative
This Ini ative is designed to promote sustainable· improvements in
aviation safety and security in Africa by creating an environment to
foster the growth oi U.S. -Africa a ation serv_ices.
Under this
Initiative, the U.S. Government acts as a technLcal advisor and
fa litator of actions to be taken by African coun
es in partnership
with the private sector, regional institutions and international. civil
a ation organizations . . · :J;'he U.S. Government will, however, fund
avia on safety and security surveys. Eight African countries have
already been
ected to participate in this Initiative. Although the
two programs are not linked, this Initiative complements U.S. Government
efforts to conclude "open skieS agreements with African countries and
to promote code share agreements between U.S. and African Airlines.
11
Goals:
• Quadruple the number of sub-Saharan African Countries fhat meet
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)safety standards;.
•
Improve security at 8-12 airports within the region in 3 years;
•
Improve regional air navigation services.·.
Implementation /Status/Accomplishments:
3
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.I
African countries should:
• Assume ownership of the Safe Skies Initiative;
•
Recognize role of aviation safety & airport security to development;·
•
Marshall political will to turn civil ~viation goals into realities;
•
.
.
Bear primary responsibility for funding.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Under the Safe Skies Initiative, the U.S .. plans fo t~ndu~t three
surve
in calendar 2000, and three additiortal surveys in calendar
ar 2001;
•
In addition to the surveys to be conducted· in the eight countries ·
already selected to participate in the Safe Skies Initiative, the USG
will continue to work with other African countries outside of the
Initiative through the Federal Aviation Administration's technical
assistance and training programs.
Great Lakes Justice Initiative
The Great Lakes Justice Initiative supports efforts in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi to bring an end to the culture
of impunity.
e GLJI will focus on developing jus ce systems that are
impartial, credible and effective and will
so focus on increasing
social inclusiveness, peaceful coexistence and security in all three
countries.
Goals:
• Where possible, support civilian and military justice systems;
•
Assist lo
•
Provide development aid that supports inter-group cooperation.
and national peace and reconciliation processes;
4
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I·
I
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• Secured USD$25 million from Congress for the GLJI;
•
Initiated assessments and project funding;
•
Consulting with African and U.S. groups about ideas for action.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Will continue to support the·rule of law in the Great Lakes in an
·effort to help break the cycle of violence in that war-torn region;
•
Will cohtinue consultations with key African, Eurdpean and other
partners on establishing the.International Coalition Against
Genocide.
Education Initiative
The Education for Development and Democracy Initiative will further
Africa's integration into the global community by improving the quality
of, and technology for, education in Africa.
Goals:
• Provide access to technology and improved skills training through
community resources centers;
•
Encourage partnerships between private and p~blic institutions,
schools and civil society in Africa and the United States and amongst
African countries;
•
Improve and support girls' and women's education.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
5
�I
I
I
I
•
Ini al USD$10 million programmed for partnerships, university
linkages, and pil
programs in girls' education ~ resource centers
in seven African countries (Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Uganda, Rwanda,
Botswana and South Africa);
•
Program proposals from various U.S. Government agencies for the
additional USD$110 million are being considered for fiscal year
(October 1998-Septeffiber 1999) .
·I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Expand partnerships for a wide range
institutions;
199~
educational and civic
•
Increase the number and education level of girls at all grades;
•
Increase the relevance of African institutions of higher education to
the daily lives of Africans, and build better skills for students
through community college-type programs;·
•
Ensure private sector support for and investment in education, skills
training and community building in Africa;
•
Ensure the progress and completion of operational aspects
Brown Institute (located in South Africa)·.
the Ron
Food Security Initiative
The Food Security Initiative helps to strengthen, expand, and suppo;rt
national and regional .agricultural technology development in Africa as
well as
st with policy research networks, addressing both food
insecurity and malnutrition ..
Goal:
• Development in the agriculture sector is key to stimulating rapid
economic growth required to attack food insecurity and malnutrition
challenges in Afri8a.
6
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• Ongoing programs to expand food security activities, particularly in
agricultural production, food utilization, nutrition, and incomegeneration (Ethiopia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, and Uganda) .
Looking Ahead to the Mlllennium:
• Continue to expand and deepen successes in countries where programs
are ongoing;
•
Support the successful regional agriculture & food security networks
in East & West Africa;
•
Expand to include transition countries, and possibly include other
food insecure countries.
African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI)
ACRI is a five-year initiative assisting African nations to prepare
African-led military units to respond quickly and effectively to
humanitarian and peacekeeping challenges in Africa and around the world.
Goals:
• Create a 10,000-12,000 man self-sustaining peacekeeping capacity of
African military personnel;
•
Avoid duplication & leverage scarce financial peacekeeping resources
and humanitarian training by working with African and European
partners.
•
Implementation Process/Status/Accomplishments:
• Utilizing a "train-the-trainer" concept, ACRI is complementary to,
and works with, efforts of other countries such as France, Britain,
Belgium, Denmark and the Nordic states, as well as the United
~ations, and the Organization of African Unity;
7
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
In 1999, ACRI will embark on a series of computer-assisted training
exercises designed to give our ACRI partners an increased ability to
operate in a multinational environment;
•
ACRI has trained and equipped more than 4, 200 African peacekeepers in
ix nations: Senegal, Uganda, Malawi, Mali, Ghana and Benin. (USD$20
million annually spent to train battalions from these nations in
peacekeeping & humanitarian relief operations) .
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• ACRI hopes to bring new partners into the program -- nations sharing
democratic ideals and a commitment to a secure, peac'eful future for
the world community as we enter the new millennium;
•
Follow-u~ training being provided for Ghana's first battalion this
spring, including the first-ever computer assisted command post
exercise in sub-Saharan Africa.
Radio Democracy for
A~rica
"Radio Democracy for Africa,"' a VOA pilot program which· aired in
September 1998, is intended for the Democra c Republic of Congo,
.
Rwanda,. Burundi,. Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria, Ethiopia,. Eritrea,. Liberia
and Sierra· Leone. Broadcasts are in French,.. English, Swahili {East and
Central Africa),. Hausa (Nigeria),. Kinyarwanda and Kiru~di (local
languages in Rwanda & Burundi) on short wave,. FM and medium wave ~adio,.
reaching listeners who have little access to other media.
Goal:
• Provide coverage on breakin~ news, political changes, social issues,
.role of ci vi 1 society in democracy, ·respect fo.r human
ghts and
conflict resolution.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• Ongoing radio programs in coverage areas.
8 '
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
Looking Ahe.ad to.the Millennl.um:
• President has asked ~ongress for additional funding
his fiscal .
year ·2000 budget (October 1999-September 2000) in order to continue
.Prograrruning to target-areas/ countries.
------------------------------------------~-----------------------------
U.S. Efforts in Conflict Resolution
•
Spent nearly USD$100 million to support regional peacekeeping efforts
by the Economic Corrununity of W.est African States peacekeeping
operation (ECOMOG) and humanitarian relief efforts in Sierra Leone and
Liberia over the last four years.
· • Sierra Leone - In fiscal year 1998 (October 1997-September
1998), USD$3.9 million was given to support ECOMOG. We
have already provided an additional USD$3.3 million in FY99
and hope to bring that total up to USD$10 million. We have
contributed over USD$75 mi ion in humanitarian relief in
Sierra Leone alone during the last eighteen months.
•
Through the United Nations (UN) in fiscal year 1998 (October 1997September 1998) U.S. 'contribution to African peacekeeping were:
.
. .
.
• Angola - USD$37 million for the UN Military
Verification Force in Angola (MONUA).
• Sierra Leone ~ USD$2.5 million for the UN Observer
Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMISL) . ·
• International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ( ICTR) :
USD$6.5 million.
'
•
Estimates for U.S. contributions to peacekeeping fiscal
ar 1999
(October 1998-September 1999) through the UN are: Angola USD$13
million; Sierra Leone USD$3.5 million; and, the International
Criminal Tribunal for.Rwanda (ICTR) USD$12 million.
•
Over five years contributed:
• Nearly USD$8 million to the Organization of African
Unity (OAU) to build and equip a "Crisis Management
Center"
OAU headquarters (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), and
equip a 100-man .rapid deployment military observer
force.
-----~~------~---------~-------------------------------------------------
9
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
U.S. Government Agencies: Active Partners- Hand-in-Hand with Africa
Agriculture Department
Partnership With Africa
"Agricultural Assistance to Africa"
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) has a long history of cooperation
and assistance with Afri·ca.
These established relation ships have·
enabled USDA to undertake diverse programs in partnership with some
countries in Africa to enhance and facilitate tw~-way trade and
agriculture development.
This has been accomplished through a variety
of programs including trade, food and technical assistance, and-training
programs.
It is generally agreed that it is in our long-term interest
to expand these ties by devising and implementing a comprehensive·
agricultural trade and development policy with countries of Africa.
Goals:
•
Expand two-way agribusiness and agri-trade relations between the
U.S. and Africa;
•
Implement high-level, .regional trade and development missions to
Africa that will include privAte agriculture sector participation;
•
Maximize the application of food assistance in countries with the
greatest need;
•
Increase bilateral engagement with African o£ficials, the African
business community, and civil society through collaborative and
cooperative technical assistance and training programs.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
•
Led by Secretary Glickman, a delegation of USDA personnel from
USDA agencies participated in the February 1999 meeting
the U.S. -South African Binational Commission (BNC) . · This is the
first of a series of senior trade and development missions to
Africa in 1999 to enhance and increase the two~way ·u.s.-Africa
trade relationships;
10
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Through the Agricultural Committee of the U.S.-South African
Binational Commission, USDA implemented over 15 technical assistance
projects in South Africa ranging from establishing financial systems
in rural communities to providing formal educational opportunities
for South
can scientists to recei~e U.S. Master~ and D6ctoral
degrees;
.'
'
•
In February 1999, USDA present
a "Regionali.zation" .policy to the
South
can Government that will soon allow. imports of Sou-th
le fr-bm regions of ·the country .free of animal or plant
diseases, which until now, were prohibited;
•
The appointment of a senior USDA agricultural economist to function
as project manager for providing technical leadership and program
management to develop data sources and social-economical analytical
s
ces for the initiation and operation of a Famine Ea y Warning
system.for Sub-Saharan Africa;
•
USDA sponsored U.S. Pavilions at "Food and Hotel
ca" trade show
in South Africa in November 1996 and August 1998. At the 19'98 ·show
in South Africa, 10 U.S. exporters exhibited products with sales
projected to reach USD$4 mill
,
•
USDA will sponsor a U.S. Pavilion at "Food and Hotel Africa"· in
2000.
These pavilions provide an,excellent opportunity for U.S.
exporters to introduce the
high-value food products into both
South Africa and neighboring markets;
•
Secretary Glickman agreed to establish a bilateral agricultural
program wi
the Ghana during the February 1999 State
sit of
President Rawlings, focuss
on rural development, agricultural
..
.
.
research, conservation, and trade and bus
s development;
'
•
.
USDA has established .an initiative for sub-Saharan African
countries on Policy Approaches to Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
International Standards and Implementation. Under this Initiative,
approximately 20 sub-Saharan countries will·participate in
workshops to review food safety and WTO issues and the Codex
Alimentarius Commission. Two similar workshops were completed in
South Africa in 1998.
t U.S. seminar is propo.s~d for week
May 1 7 , 19 9 9 ;
11,
�---~-----,-----------------------------.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
A two-year program
been established to explor~
.markets for
export of U.S. hardwoods to South
ca, and to provide the South
African carpentry industry with seminars on the properties and uses
of U.S. hardwoods and component parts;
•
The Agricultural Research Service has undertaken a three year
proj
which will enable it and the Intern~tiorial Institute for
Tropical Agriculture in Benin to develop techniques to use strains
of fungus to prevent contamination of corn by aflatoxin;
•
For
seal year 1999 (October 1998- September 1999), USDA has P.L .
(Public Law) 480, T
I Programs planned for Africa totaling
USD$21 million. USDA
announced
.following 'programs: USD$10
million for Angola; USD$5 million
Cote d' Ivoire; and USD$6
million for Eritrea. Other programs may be added as 1999
progresses;
•
In fiscal year 1998 (October 1997-September 1998}, Tit
I
supported USD$35 million
pr0grams for Angola,
trea,
Mozambique and Zimbabwe;
•
In June 1998, President Clinton announced a wheat donation "Food
Aid Ini ative" is being implemented under th~ Section 416(b) of
P.L. 480 (Public Law} food donation program. Proceeds from the sales
203 metric tons wheat and wheat products will assist agricultural
-development projects, and local business
tiatives in Kenya, Cote
d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Togo, Zimbabwe, South
ca, Benin,
Angola, Swaziland, and Tanzania;
•
"Food for Progress Program" authorizes the Commodity Credit
Corporation (CCC) to finance the sale and export of agricultural
commodities on credit terms, or on a grant basis, to support
developing countries and ·emerging democracies. USDA has approved
programming for fiscal year· 1999 (October 1998 - S
ember 1999} in
Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, South
, Togo, and
Zimbabwe;
•
USDA's Export Credit Guarantee Programs guarantee payments from
qualifying foreign bariks, where credit is necess
to ~upport
sales, but may not be readily available. Currently under GSM-102,
USD$35 million in credit guarantees are available
agricultural
product sales in East Africa, USD$50 million
Southern Atrica,
and USD$50 million
West Africa;
12
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
The Facility
t Guarantee Program, providing credit to finance
the sale of U.S. capital goods or services needed to improve ·
lities or infrastructure conducive to U.S. agrit~ltural t:tade,
has operational programs in Southern and East Africa in the amount
of USD$10 million per region;
•
The Supplier Credit Guarantee Program guarantees repayments of
loans of up to 180 days that exporters have extended directly to
importers for sales of high-value and other agricultural products.
For · seal Year 1999 (October 1998-September 1999), USD$5 million
has been allocated for programs
East Africa;
•
The Emerging Markets Program (EMO) provides technical assistance
projects in foreign countries to promote U.S. agricultural
exports in emerging markets. Since 1994, there ar~ EMO activities·
in emerging mar
economies including South Africa, Namibia, and
Ghana;
•
The Cochran Fellowship Program is providing short term agricultural
training (3-6 weeks)programs in the U.S. for mid~ and senior-level
pro ssionals (public and private sector) in the areas of
agricultural trade, marketing, management, policy, and technology
transfer. Fellows have come from:
Cote d'Ivoire (155 fellows),
Kenya (8
llows), Namibia (5
lows), Senegal (7 fellows), South
ica (92 fellows), and Uganda (5 fellows).
In 1999, between 70
and 80 African fellows are anticipated to participate in this
program with new activi es in·Ghana (5 fellows), and Nigeria;
•
Market Access Program (MAP) is a cost-sharing program, which makes
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) resources available to support
export promotional activities of nonprofit commodity trade
associations, companies, and cooperatives. The program focuses on
consumer-oriented products.
In 1998, total MAP resources approved
for expenditure in sub-Saharan African markets totaled nearly USD$1
million;
•
Foreign Market Development Program (FMD) focuses on increasing
import demand over the long term by carrying out overseas
promotional activities and by addressing infrastructural
impediments or trading practices. Approved funding for sub-Saharan
Africa is roughly USD$675, 000 for fiscal · ar 1999 (October 1998 . .:.
September 1999. Funds are allocated on a competitive basis to nonprofit trade associations;
13
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
•
repeated positive outcomes from USDA Africa programs will enable
t~e.Department to bu~ld-~nd expand on programs .and initi
ives it
developed and administeredto forge a true partnership that is
measurable and mutually bene c'ial.
I
.
.
Commerce Department
·Partnership With 'A-frica
"Building Commercial Infrastructure"
The Department of Comme:rce rpoc) ·serves as the mai-n ca t'alyst for
the. U.S. busin.ess community on Africa. ·. Wi
·its qi verse.
resour.ces and areas
expertise, the Department is uniquely
oned
to
ay a. key role in fulfilling. the· commerci
objec ves of the
President's Partnership Initiative.
To coordinate the Department's
efforts and support the
dent's 'Par.tnership Initiative, the DOC is
developing an ini ative ~b h
Mrica build its commercial
infrastructure.
The initiative is organi
around four goals.
engagi~ng
Goals:
• Designing programs to promote increased
linkages with Africa;
•
U.S.
trade ·and investment
Leading electronic commerce and
ated information technology
initiatives that strengthen the fies between U.S. a~d··African £irms;
• ·Implementing infrastructure and training
grams:
technical.
assistance, education, and training that address'b6th Afri~a's
physical development and its human resource needs;
.
•
.
.
Spearheading sustainable· development
tiatives. tha~ help prote~t
Africa's resources and environment and promote a ~igher standar4 of
living over the long term.
14
�1.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1--
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• With a strong message of economic support and partnership, Commerce
Secretary DaleY visited Africa three times in .1998, and five times
since being appointed in 1997. · Deputy Secretary Mailet also has
vlsi ted the region with the same mess
, and will return in 1999,.
•
Underscoring
commitment to U.S.-Africa partnership, S
ary
Daley led a December 1998 Presidential Business Development Mission
to South Africa, Kenya, Ni
ia, & Cote d' Ivoire of corp.orate
executives from 15 U.S. companies, and co-sponsored, with the
ican
DevelGpment Bank, a West African Legal Conference:
•
Signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with South Africa
in February 1999 on behalf of the
ice of the Trade Representative
(USTR) as part of the Trade and Investment Committee of·the U.S.South African Binational Commission.
•
Working with the Agency
r International D~velopment to establish
commerci
law development programs with selected African countries,
providing training and consultative services to lawmakers,
regulators, judges, lawyers, and educators on implementing
market-oriented commercial law systems.
•
Implementing the Manufacturing Technology Cooperation venture with
South Afr a's Center for Industrial and Scientific Research on
behalf of majority busine~s.
.
'
Ongoing cooperation between African regiona~ organiz ions and the
following specific sector focused Department of Commerce
Administrations:
International Trade Administr-ation (ITA)
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
ITA's
ica off
convened trade briefings for visiting
can
officials and decision makers emphasizing intellectual property
rights, and the negative 'impact of corruption on trade and
development.
•
ITA co-manages
annual Commerce-State Conference .on U.S. Trade and
Investment in Africa, the largest vehicle for outreach to the
business community on Africa.
•
ITA continues to provide support to American. firms competing for
15
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I.
I
projects with the World B~nk and the African Development Bank and
Fund. With the Corporate Cbuncil on Africa~ iTA arranged the first
U.S.-African Ambassadors' Tour to four U.S. cities, where they
addressed businessmen on commercial opportunities in African markets.
•
The Foreign Commercial Service has expanded its South African
presence beyond Johannesburg, with offices now in both Cape Town and
Durban. The President's fiscal year 2000 (October 1999-September.
2000) budget request includes USD$4.2 million to hire 12 new Foreign
Commercial Service officers in sub-Saharan Africa.
•
ITA's Advocacy Center helps American firms win African contracts by
organizing high-level U.S. government advocacy on behalf of U.S.
companies.
Since .its creation in 1995, the Advocacy Center has
as~isted U.S. firms in winning 38 contract awards in Sub-Saharan
Africa, with a total value of approximately USD$2.7 billion.
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
•
NOAA remains engaged in a variety of weather, .water~ commercial
fisheries, and "GLOBE" (Global Learning & Observations to Benefit the
Environment) Internet programs across Africa.
NOAA'programs are
providing African governments with enhanced climate data, increased
weather predictive capability, data to improve crop management and
fisheries, and the benefits of environmental satellite imaging
technologies.
•
"GLOBE"is a hands-on, school-based (Kindergarten- 12) international
environmental science & education initiative, incorporating teacher
training, & bringing Internet connectivity to "GLOBE" schools in
Africa & elsewhere such as Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad,
Gambia, Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia,
Senegal, and South Africa.
Partnerships with Peace Corps, the ·u.s.
Agency for International Developmerit'·s Leland Initiative, and the
World Bank's World Link Program help facilitate the implementation. of
'
.
the GLOBE Program.
National Teleconununications and Information Administration (NTIA)
•
(N:TIA) provides technical assistance to a number. of African countries
bringing about compliance with the.· WTO TELCOM ·implementation. NTIA
and Agency for International Development-personnel participate in
regional telecommunications integration projects in Africa.
NTIA
also has developed technical assistance programs enabling greater
Internet connectivity and promoting broader use of .tele-medicine and
16
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I·
I
I
I
I
I
distance learning capabilities.
National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST)
•
NIST signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Kenyan
Government during the December 1998 Presidential Business Development
Mission in Africa lead by Secretary Daley. The MOU provides a
mechanism for scientific and technical cooperation in chemistry,
physics and enginee~ing management services and standards related
measures.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Continue to develop and implement an initiative to help Africa build
its commercial infrastructure;
•
Expand Commercial Service staffing, subject to Congressional
appropriations;
•
Establish Commercial Law Development Programs with. selected African
countries, subject to resource availability.
Defense Department
Partnership With Africa
The African Center for Security Studies (ACSS)
The African Center for Security Studies (ACSS); t]1e flagship Department o
Defense program, will be a unique academic institute that will engage
senior African leadership in a program of civil-military relations,
defense resource management, and national security decision-making. Its
mission statement, crafted and ratified by more than seventy-five
representatives from close to thirty African.and European countries and
the United States is as follows:· ."The African Center for Security Studies
is dedicated to contributing to regional peace, security, and--well-being
by engaging African leaders-'-both civilian and military-in dialogue about
defense policy, a culture of democracy and respect for.the.rule of law,
and by promoting partnerships within and. among African· States, the
United States, and Europe .. " The ACSS concept enjoys universal support
its intended audience.
17
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
_/
Goals:
• Create an institution of academic excellence' and regional relevance;
•
Enhance civil-military relat'ions and democratic governance;
•
Engender more efficient and effective resource management;
•
Build enduring partnerships and regional understanding between Africa,
U.S., and Europe.
(
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:·
ans are to:
J
•
Commence operations with a graduated program of two-week mobile
seminars to be held at different African locations;
•
Include two participants (one civilian and one military officer) per
African country not subject to UN sanctions;
•
Continue extens
consul ta.tions with interested African, European,
and American audiences;
•
Continue to develop the curriculum 'and academic program in
partnership with African officials;
•
location of USD$41.7M over five years to cover the cost of mobile
seminars.
Looking Ahead to the MillenniUm:
• Inaugurate Senior Executive ACSS seminar (for executive-level
civilians and general officers) in December 1999 in Dakar, Senegal;
•
Inaugurate Executive ACSS seminar. (for senior civilians and senior
field grade officers) in Spring or Summer of 2000;
•
Determine permanent location.
18
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Energy Department
-Partnership With Africa
"Cooperation with Africa"
As energy ~s key to development, The Department of Energy is working
with several African nations on different energy issues, helping to
reduce the negative impacts of energy production and use on the
environment. Cooperation covers important activities like developing
sound poli es and traditional energy sources such as oil, coal and gas;
using renewable energy·sources (solar, wind, and geothermal sources);
and a
sting with energy data collec on important to forecasting and
long range planning.
Goals.:
• Expand cooperation to include other African countries;
•
Coordinate energy and. environmental pol
s;
•
Develop sustainable energy
•
Replicate successful energy projects such as ultraviolet water
purification, reduced-smoked stoves, and rural electrification;
•
Protect the natural habitat;
•
Provide energy to millions,· and encourage economic growth;
•
Reduce the adverse effects on the environment.
proj~cts;
Implement:ation Process/Status/Accomplishments:
• Chairing Sustainable Energy Development Committee under the
South Africa Binational Commission;
•
u.s.-
Workinqr with African countries to coordinate energy and environmental
19
I
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
policies;
•
Technical and policy assistance to several African count
global climate change;
•
Undertaking several renewable energy and energy efficiency
technologies projects;
•
Cont~nue assisting and providing Africa with new sources of
efficient, reliable, and environmental viable
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Will expand focused, eff
ent and compe
millions more Africans;
es on
~nergy.
tive energy sources to
•. Will launch a comprehensive Africa Initiative;
•
Will promote regional .energy pool
infrastructure development.
EPA
and human capital and
Partnership
Wit~
Africa
EPA is currently involved in a variety of cooperative programs in South
Africa. Through the U.s. -·south Africa Binational Corruni
on (Gore-Mbeki
Corrunission) Environmental Management Working Group, EPA helps develop
national and provincial environmental capacity.
tivities
elude
corrununi ty-based solid waste managemE?nt programs ·in target·. townships,
support
corrununi ty-based environmental organiza on.::/, environmental
impact assessment and environmental management training for the mining
sector, .and increased access to environmental information. Under its
"Green Corrununi es for Africa Strategy," EPA plans to expand its work to
·other Sub-Sahara.n African countries based on the success
current EPA
activities in South Africa.
Goals:
• Assist selected South African townships in developing more effective
20
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
methods of solid waste management, including recycling;
• Assist South Africa in developing new Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) procedures;
• Develop the capabilities of the South African Department of Interior
in environmental management within the mining sector;
• Enable the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and
Tourism (DEAT) to effectively integrate cleaner production methods
into environmental management in South Africa;
Implementation Process/Status/Accomplishments:
• Program to provide trainirtg and technical assistanc~ to townships
outside East London (South Africa) on issues of solid waste
management;
•
Completed a solid waste characterization and market analysis for
Duncan Village and the Greater East London (South Africa) area and a
pilot recycling program is being designed for implementation in 1999;
/
• EPAwill provide targeted technical assistance on Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) and an EIA train-the-trainers course will be
delivered in 1999;
• July 1998, U.S. study tour for South African offici~ls on
environm~ntal management in the· mining sector.
Another study tour to
south Africa is scheduled for 1999;
•
Program.on exchange of cleaner production information with the South
African Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT) . EPA
plans ·to provide a cleaner production train-the-trainers course in
1999.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Developing "Children's Health Through Microbiologically Safe
Drinking Water" pilot project for Sub-Saharan Africa (for urban and
peri-urban areas), using community-based & plant-level approaches to
improve source water protection & optimize drinking water treatment
plant' --"performance;
•
Launch a "Green Communities" program (South Africa) to provide
21
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
·I
I
I
I
I
communities with tools & to bring a range of community stakeholders
together to identify & develop actidn plans
pri6rity
environmental problems;
•
Expand EPA's activi es to Sub-Saharan Affican countries outside of
·South Africa under EPA's "Green Community for Africa Strategy"·which
:fo'cuses yn urban/ industrial environmental issues us~ng a community- .
based approach.
Export-Import Bank
Partnership With Africa
The Export-Import Bank of the United States (EX-IM) is the official
export
t agency of the United States. EX-IM provides
rect loans,
guarantees and credit insurance to private and public sector African
c.ompanies that wish to import American products. · EX-IM
so provides
working capital funds to American companies that export.
Goals:
• Strengthen and expand economic ties ~etween tb~'.u.s. and Africa by
incre~sin~ trade;
•
Provide financing to African companies and governments to import
American goods and services, supporting U.S. jobs and helping raise
African living standards.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• ALGERIA: So11atrach, USD$49 million: Credit Guarantee Facility to
maintain and service the hydrocarbon industry.
•
COTE D' IVOIRE: Polyclinique Internationale, USD$914, 000: ·Credit
insurance to support the sale of diagnostic medical equipment.
•
EGYPT: Mantrac Limited, USD$3. 6 million. Credit insurance to support
the sa
of machines, engines and related equipment to be re-sold by
the Egyptian entity.
22
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
•
GHANA: Alfa Eri.terprise·s, USD$888, 000: Guarantee to support the sale
of 2 oxygen plants for industrial gas manufacturing.
•
GHANA:-. Algist Limited; USD$750, 000: Guarantee to support the sale of
trucks and container chassis to haul food and medicine for
international relief agencies between ports in Ghana to destinations
in Burkina Faso and Ghana's interior.
•
GHANA: Ministry of Energy and Mines, USD$24.7 million: A direct loan
to support the sale_of an electric transmissions tern that will take
hydroelectric power from the city centers into the rural areas.
This
transaction is part of the S f~Help Electrification Program (SHEP),
which is an initiative to impryve the standard of life
rural areas
by building an electrifi
ion infrastructure.
•
GHANA: Ministry of Works & Housing, USD$93.9 million: A direct loan
to support the sale of equipment and services to prevent-further
erosion of the Keta. sea wall area.
•
GHANA: Nova Complex Limited, USD$1.1 million: A guarantee to support
the sale of cold storage containers used in the di ribution and
processing of fish.
•
GHANA: Regimanuel Gray Limited, USD$600,000: A guarantee to support
the sale of masonry equipment, which will be used in real estate
development and construction.
•
GHANA: Exempl
raw materials
•
GHANA: BCM Ghana Limited, .USD$2.1 million: Sale of trucks to support
mining operations.
earthworks and sur
•
KENYA: SPV/Kenya.Airways, USD$26 million: Guarantee to s~pport sale
of one 737-300 to upgrade the fleet of SPV/Kenya Airways.
•
KENYA: Royal Media Services Limited,. USD$4 71,000: Credit insurance to
suppo
the s e of radio broadcasting_ equipment to establi
radio
and TV broadcasting services in Kenya and Tanzania~
..
•
r Products Limited; USD$360,000: Support.the sale of
KENYA: AirKenya Aviation Limited, USD$i.3 million: Insurance to
support. sale of aircraft to small airline.
MOROCCO: SPV /Royal Air Morocco, USD$66 .. 8 million: Guarantee to
23
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
support the sale of Boeing aircra
to abo.ve airline.
•
TANZANIA: Tanzania Air Serv'ices Limited, USD'$4 million: Credit
insurance to support the sale of Cessna aircraft.
•
UGANDA: Zimwent Hardware and Construction, USD$764, 000: Guarantee to
support the sale of construction supplies.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• ALGERIA: SPV /Air Algerie, USD$331 million: A guarantee to support the
sale of Boeing aircraft to Algeria's national ai ine.
•
ANGOLA: Sociedad Nacional de Combusteveis, USD$59. 9 million: Pending
final commitment to expand oil and gas exploration in the Cabinda
oilfields.
•
CHAD/CAMEROON: TOTCO (Chad) and COTCO (Cameroon), USD$369 billion:
Guarantee to support the sale of pipeline equipment and services to
be used for a 1050 km pipel
to transport oil from Chad through
Cameroon.
•
GHANA: Ministry of Interior, USD$20 million: Guarantee to support
sale of
re trucks to be used by the Ghana National Fire Service.
•
MOROCCO: SPV/Royal
Boeing aircraft to
•
ZIMBABWE: Ministry of Finance, USD$12.9 million:
•
Increase exposure in Africa by supporting U.S. companies that wish to
export to these countries.
USD$224 million: Guarantee to support sale of
Labor Department
Partnership With Africa
/
"Worker Rights, Labor Market Information, & Technical Assistance"
In support of the President's Partnership for Growth and Opportunity in
24
�I
I
I
I
Africa, the U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) is providing advi.ce and
technical assi:stance to labor ministries in sub-Saharan Af.rica and has
ini a ted w~rk. in the region. to. promote core labor standards and .
. imina te the worst forms of child labor.
To meet. the chall.enges
.
associated with transi tioning economies, USDOL will work in partnership
with African nation to enhance their commitment to core. labor standards
(e. g. freedom of association, right to collective bargai ng;
eli'mina on of compulsory labor, elimination of child labor, &
imination of employment discrimina on) in order to sustain economic.
growth.
USDOL prov~des technical assistance worldwide· on labor market
reform and development, with funcjing from the U. 5. Agency for
International Development,· the World Bank, and other multilateral
development banks.
.,.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'
Goals:
• · Promote international core labor standards and the ~limination of
child labor in Africa by providing labor market tecbnical assistance
to Ministries of Labor and the International Labor Organization;
•
Inform African countries about the USDOL market technical assistance
programs that link core labor standards and sustainable economic
development. Additionally, highlight the important: role that modern
labor miniseries play in delivering ..servi~es to workers and
)
employers;
• ·Promot~ .greater utilizatiori o~ technical assistance programs by
African countries to· facilitate sustainable economic· growth thro.ugh
·the im,plementation of ef·fective labor market poli es and program ..
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
•
Proposes to implement·labor market technical assistance program
workshops to inform interested African countries·of the efficacy
labor programs and policies as an integral element of economic
development;
•
USDOL, in connection ~ith the President's Partnership ~or the 21st
Century, has earmarked USD$30 m.illion dollars for ILO 'technical
assistance· for Africa;·
•
In 1998, the USDOL provided grants to Sou,th Africa to .·conduct a
25
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
nationwide
ld labor survey and to Uganda to assist the
government in preparing for participation in the International
Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor (IPEC);
•
•
Supports awareness-raising activities in Africa through the 1998
Glob~! March Against Child Labor;
·Received funds from the Agency for International Development
a
four-year program of technical cooperation with the South African
Department of Labor (SADOL), providing training and consultation to
SADOL staff working in the areas of employment equity, occupational
safety ~nd health, labor market statistics and labor market.
research in connection with.the implementation of South Africa's
new Equity Law, occupational safety and health standards(
st istical processes, and fundamental research to respond quickly
and effectively to an evolving labor market.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
•
Planning a new initiatiVe in South Africa to assist the N~tional
Youth Commission and other South African Government agencies in
piloting employment training programs targeted to the speci c
needs of South African youth;
•
As part of the President's Education Initiative, proposing a skills
training program based on the success
U.S. community college
model.
Contingent on AID funding, this program would assist
appropriate African counterparts to·pilot'skills programs,
responding directly to local business demands and strategies for
economic developmept~ USD9L will pr6vide technical assistance and
training toward the design, implementation and future replication
of such model skills training program~
Africa;
•
As part of the President's Partnership, develop a series and
respond to request for training and institution-building programs
enabling national governments and regional associations .to enhance
policy options ih labor market and human resources development;
•
Assisting African national governments and region.al coordinAting
bodies to identi
labor priorities and challenges.
26
�.--------------------~-----------------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
OPIC
Partnership With Africa
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)programs are available in
38 of the 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa At fiscal year end 1998
(October 1997-September 1998)~ OPIC's exposure in sub-Saharan Africa
increased to USD$890 million from USD$797 million at fiscal year end
1997. This exposure represent~ supp0rt for 5o projects in 20 countries.·
OPIC has executed 12 modernized bilateral agreements with Benin,
Botswana, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe,. Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Uganda. Created
in 1971 as an independent agency of U.S. government, OPIC seeks to
mobilize and facilitate participation of U.S. private capital and skills
in developing countries and emerg~ng markets.
Goals: ·
• Address need for private equity in developing markets such as Africa;
•
Provide catalyst for private sector development;
•
Help America compete in the expanding African market, including direct
investment in viable companies;
•
Operate at no cost to taxpayer.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• OPIC currently has six (6) funds available to inveit in Africa;
•
March 1998, OPIC called for proposals to support one or more private
equity funds with aggregat~ capital of up to USDUSD$500 million for
invest~ent in.privately sponsored infrastructure projects in
countries of sub-Saharan.Africa;
•
Late 1997, launched a USD$15b million "Modern Africa Giowth and
Investment Fund" in response to proposals initiated by both by
Congress and the Administration focusing on manufacturing, mining,
27
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
and telecommunications;
•
Another· USD$120 miLLion "New Africa Opportunity Fund" launched in
1997 is now fully c~pitalized and investing in Southern Africa;
•
Direct impact of OPIC Funds in Africa : USD$1 billion in u~s. exports
over 5 years; 1,800 U.S. jobs; USD$900 million in additional
investment leveraged by funds investments; USD$126 million in annual
revenues to African countries; 7,500 African jobs-- all at NO COST
to.the US taxpayer.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Continue to fully capitalize funds launched in 1997 & 1998;
•
Continue to support stable market economies in emerging market such as
sub-Saharan Africa;
•
Continue to encourage development and stability in support of U.S.
foreign policy goals in.Africa;
•
Continuing to enhance strategic alliances with African {inance
institutions and investment promotion agencies.
Peace Corps
Partnership With Africa
Peace Corps Volunteers have a proud history of working in partnership
with their counterparts in African schools, health clinics, small
businesses, farms and gardens. ·Presently approximately
00 Volunteers
work in 26 African countries providing communi es with opportunities to
build the knowledge and skills ne~ded to mobilize the men and women of·
Africa and exploit the continent's potential for growth and sustainable
development ..
Goals:
28
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Promote part
•
Train & assist in development
sectors.;
•
W~rk
•
Support the development of Africa's private sector.
ipation in the technological revolution;
the agricultural & environmental
with community leaders to improve health'care systems;
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• As part of the President's Education Initiative, continue emphasis on
ls' education, assist with the development of teacher & community
resource centers, and explore avenues to incorporate technology in
education. 900 Education Volunteers are working in 24 A~rican
nations;·
•
Familiarizing teachers and students with basic word processing and
spread Sheet operations, and procedures to access and use the
Internet;
•
Facilitating
rnet use to improve the quality of teaching or to
communicate globally with other students & teachers;
•
Establishing educational centers which have the appropriate computer
hardware ~nd power sotirces to allow ~ccess to-information technology;
•
Promoting distance·learning activities to link schools and
un·i versi ties throughout Africa with those in the United States;
•
Help farmers manage their natural resources, adapt to new climactic
conditions, increase production , and provide skills training to
assist with improvement
,health,.nutrition.and income generation.
69 Environment and Agriculture Volunteers work in 21 countries);
•
Asiist in decentralizing health care systems and reaching out to
young adults who are most at
k to HIV/AIDS.
(580 Health
Volunteers work in 17 countries);
~
Continue efforts in small enterpris~ & private sector development.
(185 Volunteers work in the-business sector in 9 countr s).
29
�-----·----------··· - - - - · - - - - - - - - - -
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
Looking Ahead to the Mil.lenni urn:
• Doubling the number of Volunteers working. in small bus
development over the next three years.
State Department
ss
Partnership With Africa
In addition to the overal_l responsibility
the conduct of U.S.
foreign policy in Africa, the State Department overseas a variety of
activities in Africa that seek to resolve armed conflicts, promote
democracy and respect for human
ghts, and encourage the creation
responsive and accountable governments. When requested, the State
Department can use its diplomatic reso_urces to help warring parties in
Africa reach a workable peace: At the same time, th ·state Department
a
vely supports African efforts to strengthen its own peacekeeping and
conflict management capabilities, either bilaterally or .within regional
organizations like the Organization of.
can Unity (OAU). Where
appropriate, the State Department provides assistance :to regional a·nd
interna onal peacekeeping operations in.
ca. Once a
able peace is
in place, the State Department can offer a myriad of assistance programs
designed to foster democratic government. These acti ties include
assistance
holding elections, training new legislators and
administrators, and encouraging the development of institutions like a
free press, an independent judiciary and grassroots citize.ns groups that
are necessary for full
owering of democracy in Africa.
In support of
these democracy programs, the State Department also manages an array of
humanitarian assistance programs ranging from refugee relief to the
removal of an -personnel ·lan·d- mines.
.
Goals:
Democracy & Human Rights:
• Build re~ognition of the linkage between sustainable political and
economic progress;
•
Create networks among African countries that implement democratic
30
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
reform;
•
Strengthen the capacity of citizens, non-governmental organizations
and governments to implement democratic reforms;
•
Build on opportunities for democratic change ·in
•
.Ensure the rights and neutrality of refugee camps;
•
Provide assistance that advances peace and democratic change.
ica;
Conflict Resolution:
• Use diplomat
channels to resolve armed conflicts;
•
Build indigenous peacemaking/peacekeeping capacities;
•
Assist regional peacekeeping operations
•
Support multilateral peacekeeping assistance efforts;
•
Use U.S. diplomacy, traditional and public, to emphasize
international standards of governance;
•
Reconcile U.S. goals_ and African strategies
implementing
democratic reforms, respect for human rights, good governance and
conf ct resolut
;
•
Stress partnership and African ownership of their e~forts;
•
Consult with
ican countries, leaders & civil society organizations·
to build recognition of the linkage between sustain~ble poliiical &
economic progress, & build links between African countries' pursuing
democratization.
the sub-Saharan Africa;
I
Implern~~tation/Status/Accomplishments:
•
Used democracy programs -- now more than USD$120 million/y~ar
to
build gra·ssroots, civil institutions and government capacity for
democracy, human rights, good governance and conflict resolution;
•
Current
there are State Department funded democracy and human
rights programs in more than 40 African countries emph.asizing
capacity building, and the importance of grassroots organization and
31
�'··
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.I
I
I
conflict resolution;
•
State Department has provided USD$3.4 million to the·"Democracy and
Human Rights Fund"
fis
year 1998 & 1999. {October 1997September 1998 & October 1998-September 1999), and seeking USD$3.1
million for fiscal year 2000 {October 199
eptember 2000);
•
Supported refugee assistance by providing USD$265 million for refugee
programs in Africa for fiscal year 1998 (October. 1997-September
1998);
•
Increased refugee allocations from 3 thousand per year to 12
thousand;
•
Used the USD$15 million "Regional De~ocracy Fund" i~
seal year~
1998 & 1999 (October 1997~septeffiber 1998 & October 1998- September
1999} for targeted programs such as
ection assistance, etc;
•
Financially support the ·efforts of the Intergovernmental· Authori
Development (IGAD)'s to find peaceful solutions to civil wars in
Somalia & Sudan;
•
Former National Security Advisor Anthony Lake has sought to mediate
the border dispute between Ethiopia and Eritrea, visiting the area
four times since October 199a;
•
Former U.S. Congressman Ho.ward Wolpe, named Special· En.voy to the Great
Lakes, has interceded with all
ght Africa nations that have forces
ghting in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
•
Special Presidential Envoy for Democracy in Africa Jesse Jackson has
made numerous vi
to the nations of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra
Leone as well as other West African nations to facilitate peace tal
in the region, and visited southern and central Af ca to promote
democracy and human rights.
on
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Continue to work in partnership to support democratic, civilian
governments and peaceful transitions of power through the democratic
process;
• .. Will continue vigorous diplomat
.to conflicts;
efforts to find
peac~ful
solutions
32
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
seal year 2000 {October 1999-Septern.ber 2000} budget requests USD$18
million in direct support for African peacekeeping operations;
•
Support Organization of African Unity (OAU) efforts to open five
"early warning" outposts supporting
sis Management Center in Addis·
Ababa.
Trade&Development Agency
Partnership With ·Africa
The Trade and Development. Agency (TDA) is a development assistance and
U.S. export promotion agency. TDA provides feasibility study grants to·
the host country public and private sectors to hire U.S. finns to assist
in project prepara
when projects have the potential to benefit both
U.S. exporters and
host country.
Goal:
• Support priority infrastructure and industry projects in developing
countries & emerging markets such as in Africa.
I
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• ANGOLA: Cabinda Telecommunications, USD$200,bOO:
Feasibility Study
Grant to upgrade & expand the telecommunications infrastructure in
Cabinda province.
•
COTE D'IVOIRE: Petroci Gas Pipeline Project,
USD$200,000:
Feasibility Study Grant in support of a USD$300,000 study on gas
pipeline construction from Co
d'Ivoire to Ghana.
•
COTE D'IVOIRE: Fruit Juicing and Processing Plant, USD$84,050: A
Feasibility Study Grant to "African Investment Management ServicesCote d'Ivoire" to study a "greenfield"
(project construction on a
previously untouched green field) f~uit juicing and processing plant.
33
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
ETHIOPIA: Flight Simulator Certification,
USD$100,000:
Grant to
Ethiopian Airlines (EAL) to fund Federal Aviation Admini ration
certification of its Boeing flight simulators used for training by a
~umber of African airlines.
•.
ETHIOPIA: Asphalt Production Plant, USD$174,000: Study Grant to the
Ethiopian Investment Authority on establishing an asphalt production
facility outside Addis Ababa.
•
GHANA: Tema Oil Refinery Co-Generation Power Plant, USD$184,000:
Study for the expansion of the electricity . .co-generation facilities
'
.
at the Tema Oil Refinery.
•
GHANA: Air Navigation Study, USD$225,000:
Study on the transition
from ground-based to satellite-based navigation and-implementation of
VSAT systems and CNS/ATM technologies at Kotoka International Airport
in Accra.
•
MAURITIUS: Fort William Thermal Power Plant Study,
USD$390, 240:
Feas±bility study grant supporting the Ministry of Infrastructure's
plans to develop up to 200 MW of electricity at Fort William as a BOO
_project.
•
•
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MAURITIUS: Petrochemicals Storage Tank Relocation,
USD$208,400:
Feasibility study grant to .the Mauritius Marine Authority to review
and plan optiohs for the possible reloc~tion of petrochemicals
currently stored in the capital, Port Louis·.
MOZAMBIQUE:
•
MOZAMBIQUE:
VSAT Communications System, USD$83,600:
Feasibility
Study Grant to Telecomunicacoes de Mozambique for the development of
a VSAT communications system infrastructure pr6j ect.
USD$250,000:
·system and
Aeroportos de Mocambique Air Navigation Study,
Study for the analysis of Mozambique's
r navigation
ated air traffic control issues.
•
NAXIBIA: Air Namibia Strategic Audit & Diagnostic Review,
USD$64,000: Grant to Air Namibia for a review of ongoing operations &
to prepare a strategic and procurement-specific plan for the growth
of the.airline.
•
NAMIBIA: Grain Handling .Facilities Study, USD$65, 000:
Feasibility
:Study Grant to Namib Consolidated Investments.Ltd. for a Study on the
34
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
establishment of grain handling, storage, and milli11g facilities
the port of Walvis Bay.
•
Fertilizer. Plant Expansion and Upgrade, USD$298, 000:
Grant to Industries Chimiques·du Senegal for a Feasibility Study on
expanding its phosphate processing plant and adding environmental
safeguards
other si
•
SOUTH AFRICA: Digi
Satellite Service Study, USD$3~1,500:
Grant
·to Vula Communi
ions for a feasibility study on a global mobile
personal communicatio'ns via satellite project.
•
SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng Province Solid Waste Management & Recycling,
USD$324,000:
Partial grant to New African Investments Limited for a
study on a waste management and recycling program in Johannesburg.
SENEGAL:
Looking toward the Millennium:
• Sustain activity in the transpo'rtation, energy, telecommunications,·
and natural resources/environment sectors .
.
.
Partnership With Africa
Transportation Department
·."The Tie That Binds"
\
As part of President Clinton's broad-based effort to support Africa's
integration into the global economy, the Departmen.t of. Transportation :has
launched the "Transportation Ini tia ve and Partnership~' with Africa under
the theme. "Transportation:. The Tie that Binds." This partnership focuses
the
vi
importance of the ·development · o:f safe
and
efficient
transportation
systems to Africa's ·continued economic development.
Transportation plays a key role both ~n the region's capacity to
participate in the global economy and in the well being of its communities
andpeople. Transportation is. more than concrete, asphalt and steel:__ it
is also about providing people with opportunity, freedom, and community.
This ini-tiative and partnership with the na ons of Africa embodies the
vision and promises to bring increased opportunities and a higher quality
of li
foi:1 both Africans and Americans.
35
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Goals:
•
Expanding trade & investment opportunities;
•
Enhancing the capacity for trade & investment in Africa;
•
Working to improve the region's transportation infrastruc.ture;
•
Promoting the exports
transportation sector;
•
Supporting Africa's economic integration with an array of technical
assistance programs;
•
Fostering Africa's human capacity development
technical
assistance,
&
projects·
aimed
at
transportation services.
of
US ·goods,
services,
&
technology
in
the
through training,
improving
local
Implementation Process/Status:
•
Secretary Slater traveled· to Africa three times, leading the 1998
Presidential Mission to the African/African-American Summit,· with
President· Clinton on· his historic March 1998 visit, and leading a
July 1998 mission· to launch the "Transportation: the Tie that Binds"
initiative
focussed on .developing_ safe
and
efficient African
transport systems.
•
Coordinating the
President's
Safe Skies
Departments of State, Defense and Treasury.~·
Initiative
with
Ongoing cooperation between African regional organizations and
following specificsector-focussed Transportation Adminis.trations:
the
the
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
• Regional networking models to bring about. more consistent transport
policies, programs, and standards across the member countries.
• Institutional restructuring, including.the possibility for a dedicated
road fund.
• Advancing safety advocacy ·and
fatalit s in transportation.
results
to
reduce
the ·injuries
36
and
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
--I
I
I
I
• Advancing addi tiona! Technology Trans fer Centers in the SADC region
(at present there are Technology Transfer Centers in South Africa and
Tanzania, and one under discussion in Botswana) .
• Furthering development of strategic roadway management approaches
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
.•
•
Initiated activities to develop training materials and undertake
safety related training in South Africa; The initial results of the
safety training program: are encouraging arid will be replicated in
other African countries.
Through the resources. and assistance provided by the National Transit
Institute (NTI), University Transportation Centers (UTC' s) and, the
Transportation Cooperative Research Program,
FTA is working to
develop transportation education curricula.
These will be made
available to African transit interests and educational inst-itutions
as they become available.
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
•
Working with the World Bank, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency
and other Transportation Administrations. to develop a CD-ROM for the
African continent,to simulate rail (and other transportation modes),
traffic forecasts,
and economic modeling.
Technical issues are
currently. being resolved and a final product· is planned for early
Spring '99. ·
Research And Special Programs Administration (RSPA)
•
RSPA, The Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Agency for
International Development are developing civil aviation and other
model emergency response education and training programs that meet
the rieeds of the nations of sub-Saharan Africa.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
•
Currently working with the World Bank and others on a proposed road
safety program. NHTSA hopes to engage a broad coalition of partners,
including the private sector, research institutions, World Health
Organization, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
to ensure the success of this initiative.
Maritime Administration (MARAn)
37
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Currently working with the World B.ank on discussing options for
funding
transportation education initiatives at the ,·Merchant Marine
Academy Continuing Education Center, and Louisiana State University's
National· Port and Waterways Institute. MARAD has developed a .package
for
the World Bank's s;onsideration,
consisting of
instruction
offerings,
hands-on appli
ions,
number
of
students
each
institutfon could accommodate, and their expense estimates.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Ensuring ·the safety and efficiency of all transportation systems as the
"tie that binds" African nations· a.nd communities together and suppor.ts·
Africa's csmtinued economic development and integration in the global
economy through technical assistance, technology trans
and human
capacity building.
Treasury Department
Partnership With Africa
To· support the President's Partnership, ·the Departmentr of Treasury leads
US participation in the International Financi
Ins tutions, or IFis
(IMF, World Bank, and African Development Bank).
They provide the major
sources
financing and technical. assistanc~ aimed at strengthening
sub-Saharan African· economic institutions, s1,1pporting human development 1
and encouraging more open investment and trade regimes:
The Department
of Treasury also takes the lead on African debt relief issues.
Goals:
• Promote stronger economic growth in Africa as the best
poverty;
•
wa~
to reduce
Integrate African countries. into the global economy, based on marketented policies;
38
·~.
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Encourage the International Financial Institutions to give strongest
support to countries pursuing the strongest reforms;
•
Build an institutional framework to support democracy and good
·governance;
•
Give particular emphasis to open trade and investment environments;
•
Continue to offer necessary debt relief for poor, heavily indebted
reforming countries;
•
Participate in the President's Partnership Initiative.
Implementation Process/Status/Accomplishments:
• July 1998 - Secretary Rubin became the first Treasury Secretary to
tour Africa-- visiting Cote d'Ivoire, South Africa, Namibia,
Mozambique, and Kenya -- focussing on increased private investment to
help finance development; the importance of regional economic
integration; the importance of using the financial sector to create
opportunities for the poorest Africans, and emphasizing the high
financial/developmental costs of corruption;
•
Promote discussion of African economic issues at G-7 (Group of Seven
Industrialized N~tions) Summit and other economic meetings;
•
Conduct regular dialogue with African governments, bilaterally and
during international conferences such as the U.S.-Africa Ministerial
and annual meetings of the International Financial Institutions;
•
Maintain daily working relationships with staffs of the International
Financial Institutions on African issues;
Institutions:.
As a result of 1998 capital replenishment, the World Bank's
International Development Association (IDA) will make available up to
USD$3 billion/year of low-interest loans though 2002 for Africa. U.S.
Government is the largest donor;
Internationa~
•
r
Financia~
Newly replenished African Development Fund, the concessional window
(low interest) of the African Development Bart~ .can provide an
additional USD$1 billion/year of low-interest loans. U.S. Government
is-the largest donor;
39
�------------------------~-------------------------------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.
.
\
•
IMF concessional "Extended Structural Adjustment Facility" (ESAF) has
global conunitments of about USD$5.5 billion, of which USD$2.7
billion, or 49 percent, are in Africa;
•
Supported a capital increase of USD$7 billion, or j
, for the
African Development Bank (AfDB) for lending. to governments and the
private sector on market terms. ·u.s. Government share was 6.7%,
making us the largest non-African shareholder and third-largest
overall. (AfDB quadrupled the level of its support for the private
:;;ector in 1998.) U.S. Government is the largest donor;
•
IMF, World Bank, and
can Development Bank announced· the creation
of a Joint Africa Institute in Cote d'Ivbire, training African.
officials in economic management and policy development.
Debt Relief:
•
Help. forgive up to 2/3 ·of the non-concessional (low interest) debt of
the.poorest countries treated in the Paris Club, a forum in which
creditor n~tions provide debt rel f to poor countries;
•
The U.S. Government is a leading advocate of the Heavily Indebted
Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative on debt relief;
•
Under HIPC, creditor countries provide deeper debt relief to the
poorest reforming countries which is matched by International
Financial Institutions. (International Financial Institutions hold
nearly half of Africa's external debt). Uganda was first in the world
to bene t from HIPC in April 1998. Others African countries eligible
for HIPC are Cote. d' Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mozambique.
Others should become eligible in the near future;
·
•
'U.S. Government action in
Paris Club through 1998, including
under HIPC, resulted
forgiveness of around USD$500 million in
eligible U.S. debt owed by 15 sub-Saharan countries;
Looking Toward the Millennium:
• .The President's 2000 budget (October 1999-September 2000) proposes a
U.S. Government contribution of USD$50.million to the Heavily
Indebted .Poor Countries (HIPC) Trust·Fund, to help the African
Development Bank and.other regional development banks fund their
share of HIPC relief;
40
�I
I
I
I
•
USD$50 million to fund "rainforest for debt" swaps (swap of
external debt
rainforest preservation);,
•
In 1999-2000 there could be an additional USD$100 million in US
reduction of non-concessional debt in.the Paris Club. Another
USD$1.2 billion could be forgiven if conflict countries resolve
conflicts;
•
Globally, the HIPC program'could provide an additional USD$16 billion
in debt relief by all creditors beyond existing programs, ~ost of it
in Africa;
•
Supporting the .International· Financial Institutions' (IFis), new
initiatives to help reforming post-con ict count es be eligible for
traditional programs;
•
Prepared to use available small appropriation funds for technical
assistance (if needed/requested), in areas such as budget & tax
policy~ and money laundering.
.I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
U.S. AID.
reign
Partnership With Africa
The U.. S. Agency for International Development (USAID), committed to a
partnership with Africa, works to address and alleviate the continuing
challenges on the continent including: ethnic conflict, fragile
democracies, infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS, and
· · environmental degradation.
USAID programs are benefi ng from increasing
African ownership, partnership and' leadership and dialogue, and a
rela onship based on mutual respect and understanding.
'Goals:
• Encourage broad-based economic grow.th and agricultural development;
•
Strengthen·democracy and good governance as Africa continues its
41
�--------------------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
democratic transition;
•
Strengthen human capacity through education and training;
•
Encourage stability of world population
health;
and protection of
•
Seek mutually beneficial ways to protect .the ·environment while
promoting economic growth;
•
Reduce the impact of crises, meet urgent needs, re-establish
stability, and establish foundations for sustainable development.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:
• Assist~d with the ris~ of non-traditional exports
Malawi) ;
human
(Ghana, Uganda,
•
Increased savings mobilization by micro-credit institutions
(Madagascar, Mali);
•
Agricultural programs assisted with improving income, agricultural
exports, food crop production, and access'to technology (Uganda,
Malawi);
•
Planning assistance to support the development of. a West Africa Gas
Pipeline Project;
•
Will create over the next three years a housing revolving fund for
residents to build and -improve their homes (South Africa);
•
Assisted and funded several regional economic growth and democracy
activities with the Southern.African Development Community.
Democracy and Good Governance:
• Assisted with local democratic management and revenue collection
(Mali, Ghana, South Africa);
•
Increased parliamentary responsiveness to civil society (Namibia,
Benin, Mozambique and Kenya);
•
Increased awareness, practice and protection of human rights
Nigeria, Rwanda);
(Kenya,
42
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Established women's empowerment programs (Nigeria, Malawi, Tanzania);
•
Provided support to anti-corruption efforts (
•
Trained elected women
cal government officials as'they assumed
their new roles and responsibilities ·(Uganda).
Education and Training:
• Increased girls' enrollment in schools;
(Guin~a,
Madagascar);
Malawi, Ethiopia);
Promoted
inable educational reform that combines both public and
private resources, in order to provide greater numbers of children an
education which catalyzes individual and coll
ive,development
(Ghana, Guinea, Ethiopia, Uganda, South Africa);
•
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Supported Leland Initiat
's School-to-School Partne
program
aimed at facilit ing cross~cultural dialogue and joint projects.
between US and African primary and secondary schools via the Internet
(Ghana);
Population and Human Health:
• Provided leadership and financial support to HIV /AIDS prevention,
with programs that increase awareness and provide increased access to
quality reproductive health services;
•
Addressed
under-five mortality rate for 'key diseases such as
measles, malaria, malnutrition, etc. (Benin, Eritrea, Madagascar,
Mali, Senegal, Zambia and Ghana);
•
Facilitated improvement in the control of malaria through funding· for
the Malaria Research & Training Center.
Environment:
• Supported forest resource management. (Guinea, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Uganda, Central
ican Region).
Moving from Relief to Development:
• With the European Union, implemented a major seeds'! tools program and
increased food production levels
approximately'60% of pre-war
levels (Liberia);
•
Established a primary health services decentralizat~on pilot program,
providing.a model for fuoving
yond telie~ ·to dev~lopment services
(Rwanda);
43
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
•
Payment of school fees for three years for 2500 students (mostly
females) as part of Genocide Survivor's Fund (Rwand~);
•
Developed innovative ways of combining U.S. Government resources,
linking relief to long-term d~velopment in post con ict countries.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Promote long-lasting growth through private sector participation &
mutually beneficial trade & investment relationships;
·
•
Support Africa's
•
Sustain net primary education enrollment rate$ seeking to ensure full
primary enrollment by 2015;
•
Help Africa confront its health challenges;
•
Seek to reverse environmental degradation in order to preserve a
cherished heritage and resource for future gene~atioris;
•
Continue to assess & integrate into development programming approaches
to conflict prevention, mitigation & resolution.
democratization;
U.S. information Agency
Partnership . With Africa
U.S. Information Agency (USIA) seek to encourage the range of actors
engaged in the decision-making process ·in .. Africa is beginning to include
the media, think tanks, non-governmental organizations, religious
institutions and labor unions. In the global information age, it
important for. the us to develop and use a wide range of programming for
policy advocacy and interna anal exchange. Policy advocacy and exchange
programs engage influential individuals and organiza ons on- the policymaking process &help to develop and maintain informed, cooperative, and
productive relations as part of the US-Africa partnership. In late 1999,
USIA and its program will come under the auspices of the State
Department.
44
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l
Goals:
• Encourage & support.burgeoning African democracies;
• .Uphold human rights and efforts to provide humanitarian assistance_;
• Promote open markets and sustainable development initiatives;
•
Promote open international free flow of information;
•
Attack global threats 1
degradation;
•
Promote regional peace and conflict resolution.
including AIDS 1 and
environmental
'\
ImP.lementation/Status/Accompl_ishments:
• Ongoing visits by Arrierican policy specialists 1 media placement and
discussion (VOA and satellite TV) and targeted distribution (hardcopy
and Internet) of U.S. rolicy papers;
•
Training programs 1 consultative visits by American human rights
activists and legal experts;
•
Exchange programs focusing directly on judicial reform 1 the rule of
law/ human rights/ and civic education;
•
Range of information and exchange progiams 1 products and services 1
promoting the benefits and mechanisms of a free market economy;
•
Foster the creation of an open information environment;
•
Increase access to new technologies like
national telephone networks;
•
In-country and U.S.-based media training for African journalists and
media managers;
•
USIS offices continent-wide develop a variety of focused programs
designed to meet the needs and address issues for specific African
nations.
th~
Internet and modern
\
45
�........
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Personal, media or institutional action demonstrating understanding
of U.S. National Security goals;
• Active cooperation and new linkages between African and American
human
ghts and pro-democracy activists;.
• Executive· and
gislative actions improving the quality and
independence of African courts and legal systems;
• Accurate and balanced editorial ~nd news coverage in key media of
U.S. policy and American society by alumni of USIA programs.
U.S. Trade Representative
"A New Era in
U~S.-Africa
Partnership With Africa
.Trade Policy"
A sound trade policy framework with Africa opens economies to private
sector trade and investment, offering opportunities to Americans and the
potential for sustainable development and poverty alleviation.
Thus,
the Office of the U.S. Tra
Representative is
tema cally c;ieveloping
closer trade and investment
ations with Africa by nego ating
agreements, offering trade incentives for reform, and finding·common
interests as we move toward a new international nego ating round.
Over·
the past year, this has included three landmark agreements with
reforming African na ons and key trading partners;· th~ .opening of
negotiations toward more such agreements; expansJon.
access for
African nations; and a number of technical assistance forums which help
Afric.an_na ons implement commitments in complex areas and take
advantage
U.S. market access programs.
This work complements the
work of other U.S Agencies on trade promotion, debt, assistance and
other elements of the President's Partnership.
Goals:
• Support African economic reform efforts;
•
Support liberalization of trade and investment regimes;
,rationalization of tariff and exchange rates, ending of subsidi~s,
and reduction of barriers to investment and stock market development;
46
�----·-·----·--. --·-··--- - - - -
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
Support Africa's full integration into the multilateral trading
s tem, including act
participation
the World Trade
Organization (WTO), and implementation of WTO commitments;
•
Support African initiatives to achieve regional economic integration
which will promote intra-regional trade and attract 'investment,
boosting economic growth.
Implementation/Status/Accomplishments:·
• Stepped up efforts to nego
trade & investment agreements with
African countries, including
lateral Investment Treaties (BIT) and
Trade a'nd Investment Framework Agreements (TIFA) to promote further
economic reform, enhance U.S. trade with the region, and help to
attract investment;
• Provide enhanced GSP benefits to encourage reform and regional
integration;
• Provide technical assistance to build African capacity to participate
actively in the WTO and to meet.WTO c?mmitments;
• Provide technical assistance to enhance African understanding of the
GSP program and U.S. market access requirements;
governm~nts
•
Enhance engagement with African
barriers in Africa;
to reduce market access
•
Invite strong
can participation in the next WTO Ministerial,
which will be hosted by the United States in late 1999;
•
Establishment in February 1998 the first-ever Office of African
Af irs at USTR making clear the importance of Africa as a U.S.
trading partner;
•
December 1998, the U.S. Trade Representative·and the Mozambican
Minister.of Foreign Affairs signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty
{BIT) in Washington, the fifth signed with a sub-Saharan
can
country. BITs are market-opening agr~ements, protecting U.S.
investmerit abroad. They
so help to attract investme'nt by ensuring.
predictable environment for investment guided by market forces;
•
February 1B, 1999, the U.s. signed a Trade arid Investment Framework
47
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
)
Agreement ( TIFA) with South Africa (first with a. sub-Saharan African
country) .
TIFAs provide a framework for discussing specific trade
and investment matters, negotiating new agreements, and working to
remove trade and investment barri~rs;
•
February 26, 1999, the U.S. signed a Trade and Investment Framework
Agreement with Ghana;
•
Conducting negotiations towards a Trade and Investment Framework
Agreement (TIFA) with the West African Economic and Monetary Union,
WAEMU. (WAEMU members are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire,
Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo).
This TIFA also will
support WAEMU's regional integration efforts, already the most
advanced in sub-Saharan Africa;
•
June 1998, the U.S. announced that eligible members of the West
African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Southern African
Development Community (SADC), and Tripartite Commission for East
African Cooperation (EAC) could combine their value~added
contributions to products exported to the U.S. to meet GSP rule-ofqrigin requirements. This benefit encourages integration by promoting
1
intra-regional trade and investment;
•
In 1997, enhanced the GSP program by adding 1,783 new tariff. lines
'for least developed countries, 29 of which are in Africaj
'-
•
Work with the Agency for International Development ~nd the Department
of Agriculture to design a series of national and regional workshops
to. develop World Trade Organization (WTO).experti~e in Africa, and
help African countries understand the WTO and potential benefits
resulting from additional commitments;
•
December 1998, first two World Trade Organization (WTO) workshops
held in Zambia and South. Africa. MQre workshops, targeted at both
public and private sector officials, will be held in 1999.
Looking Ahead to the Millennium:
• Work with the 106th Congress to erisure p~ssage of the African Growth
and Opportunity Act (Africa Trade Bill). Bill is needed to expand the
trade opportunities for reforming African countries;
•
Find new ways of working with African leaders to support economic
48
�I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
·I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
\
reform;
•
Seek more innovat
ways to expand trade and investment with the
region and to support Africa's regional and global ~conomic
egration, supporting U.S. commercial interest and jobs, and
Africa's economic growth and opportunities;
•
Continue to negot
where appropriate agreements such as Bilateral
Investment Treaties (BITs) and Trade and Investment, Framework
Agreements (TIFAs) that encourage economic reforms, open markets, and
ter trade and investment;
•
Work closely with
can governments on World Trade Organization
(WTO) ministerial that the U.S. will host in Seattle in late 1999 and
the new Round which holds immense promise for Africa;
•
Offer additional World Trade Organization (WTO) workshops to
government and private sector of
ials;
•
Launch a seJ of workshops
African countries on .our General System
of Preferences (GSP) program;
•
Establi
an Internet site designed to provide information on
international trade issues of interest to
a, including on
ific programs such as General System of Preferences (GSP);
•
Ensure a long-term commitment to an Africa trade policy that
represents a constructive and comprehensive
can·response to the
challenges confronting the region as well as its progress and
potel)tial.
can
I
'' i
49
�June I, 1998
1bt__H/e17ibl(, 71&1iOilfit(erH~i7/PHaf
Mr. Ted Widmer
Director for Strategic Planning
National Security Council
17th & Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20506
William H. Draper, Jr.
National and
Honorary Chair
1965-7974
Officers
National Chairperson
Dear Mr. Widmer:
It is with great pleasure that I enclose a new report from Population Action International
(PAl), Africa's Population Challenge: Accelerating Progress in Reproductive Health.
Constance Spahn
National Co-Chairpersons
William H. Draper, Ill
Robin Chandler Duke
Victoria P. Sant
joseph D. Tydings
Robert B. Wallace
Treasurer
William C. Edwards
Africa's future development is closely linked to improvements in health status and to slower
rates of population growth. The enclosed report, the fourth in PAl's country study series that
previously looked at population programs in India, China, and Pakistan, describes the
dramatic changes underway in sub-Saharan Africa-the growing desire for smaller families,
the shifts in government policies on population, and the progress the region is making towards
meeting the reproductive health needs of its rapidly increasing population.
Secretary
Phyllis Tilson Piotrow
President
Amy Coen
Vice President
Patricia L. McGrath
Directors
Vincent Anku
Vicki-Ann E. Assevero
Anthony C. Beilenson
Pouru P. Bhiwandi
Norman E. Borlaug
Sharon L. Camp
Marion M. Dawson Carr
William Clark, Jr.
A.W. Clausen
Philander P. Claxton, Jr.
Barber 13. Conable
Henry H. Fowler
Bill Green
Marshall Green
Kava! Gulhati
Julia J. Henderson
Lawrence R. Kegan
C. Payne Lucas
Edwin M. Martin
RobertS. McNamara
Wendy B. Morgan
Yolanda Richardson
Thomas H. Roberts, Jr.
Allan l~osenfield
Freel T. Sai
Isabel V. Sawhill
Scott M. Spangler
Elmer Boyd Staats
Timothy L. Towell
joseph C. Wheeler
William D. Zabel
The report also highlights the urgent population and reproductive health challenges facing
Africa--challenges that make the task of development more difficult. Foremost among these
is the need to expand basic health care in order to increase access to family planning and
other reproductive health services. The HIV/AIDS crisis also requires special efforts to
strengthen links between AIDS prevention, family planning and other health services. In
addition, given the large and rapidly growing adolescent population, it is 'vital to ensure that
young people have the information and means to protect themselves from unwanted
pregnancy, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Meeting these challenges will require a stronger partnership among international donors,
African governments, and private organizations. It also requires that international donors
increase their support to reproductive health efforts in the region. I urge you to support
continued strong leadership by the United States in providing both funding and hands-on
technical advice to African population programs.
I hope this report contributes in some small way to a greater understanding of these issues and
to the rapid progress in reproductive health needed to ensure a better quality of life for all the
people of Africa.
Amy Coen
President
PAl is a privately funded, nonprofit research and advocacy group dedicated to increasing
support for international population programs. For 30 years, PAl has worked to stimulate
U.S. political commitment to these efforts and to reach out to decision makers in other
countries.
I
1120 19th Street, NW, Suite 550
Washington, DC 20036
Tel: (202) 659-1833 Fax: (202) 293-1795 http://www.populationaction.org
Printed on Tree Free
p11pcr
I
�ERRATA
The following are corrections to the "Statistical Annex: Demographic and Socioeconomic
Indicators for Sub-Saharan Africa," pp. 78-79, of Africa's Population Challenge: Accelerating
Progress in Reproductive Health.
Infant Deaths Per 1,000 Live Births
Mauritius: 20
Niger:
191
Tanzania: 93
Literacy Per 100 Adults 15 Years & Older
Nigeria:
67 (Male)
�Clinton Presidential Records
-Digital Records Marker
··.'~-~~~1~Uii!l!Ttl!!!!lB±M&iililillil!i'&llllllrtrtlrl-------·---------------··-This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clint'on Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
-·
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
•
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Speechwriting Office - Edward Widmer
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
Speechwriting Office
Edward Widmer
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Edward Widmer served as President Clinton’s chief foreign policy speechwriter from 1997-2000. As an NSC speechwriter Widmer worked on remarks for a wide variety of topics dealing with countries such as China, Korea, Argentina, Ghana, Canada, the Czech Republic, Northern Ireland, Kosovo, Russia, and Venezuela. Widmer wrote speeches concerning the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), sanctions, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the United Nations, Islam, and the European Union.</p>
<p>This collection consists of speech drafts, memoranda, handwritten notes, newspaper articles, publications, schedules, reports, and papers. Many of the speech drafts are marked up with extensive critical comments and suggested revisions. Widmer’s handwritten notes can be found on scraps of paper, napkins, and the back of other records.</p>
<p>This collection was made available through a <a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/freedom-of-information-act-requests">Freedom of Information Act</a> request.</p>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997-2000
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/36419" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585793" target="_blank">National Archives Collection Description</a>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0471-F
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
250 folders in 14 boxes
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Africa Background [2]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
Speechwriting Office
Edward (Ted) Widmer
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2006-0471-F
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 2
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/2006/2006-0471-F.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585793" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
10/16/2014
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
42-t-7585793-2006471f-002-002-2014
7585793