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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/7a77f0fdbb2b601ef996d636ba53ae03.pdf
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Clinton Presidential Library
1200 President Clinton Avenue
Little Rock, AR 72201
Inventory for FOIA Request 2010-0652-F
Records related to Relations between Brazil and the United States Regarding Nuclear Issues
Extent
113 folders, approximately 5,299 pages
Access
Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Clinton Presidential Records is governed by the
Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. Chapter 22) and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5
U.S.C. 552, as amended) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with
legal exemptions.
Copyright
Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of
their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the
United States (Chapter 17 U.S.C.) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of
copyrighted material.
Provenance
Official records of William Jefferson Clinton’s presidency are housed at the Clinton Presidential Library
and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of
the Presidential Records Act (PRA).
Processed by
Staff Archivist, May 2015. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released.
Scope and Content
The materials in FOIA 2010-0652-F are a selective body of documents responsive to the topic of the
FOIA. Researchers should also see 2006-0526-F, materials related to Brazilian President Cardoso’s visit
to Camp David; 2009-1155-F, documents concerning President Clinton’s trip to South America in
October 1997; 2009-1159-F, materials related to Brazilian President Cardoso’s Trips to the United
States; 2009-1161-F, records related to Brazilian Foreign Minister Luiz Felipe Lampreia's meetings with
members of the Clinton Administration. Researchers should consult the archivist about related materials.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request 2010-0652-F was for records related to Brazilian accession
to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and relations between Brazil and the
United States related to nuclear issues. This collection includes the staff and office files of the National
Security Council (NSC) and responsive records from Automated Records Management (ARMS) and
Tape Restoration Project (TRP) email databases. The collection also includes records from the National
Security Council Office of Records Management Cable, Email and Records Management System. The
request excluded records prior to 1994.
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�The records opened in this collection are messages to Congress, unclassified documents related to the
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Agreement, copies of news articles, speech drafts and talking points related to
Brazil’s accession to the NPT, and administrative paperwork. Emails in the collection include
scheduling arrangements and those related to document tracking. Cables include press reviews and
compilations, press guidance, talking points,
In the 1990s, Brazil continued their process of extraordinary and significant steps in nuclear policy.
Under the Guadalajara Agreement, Brazil and Argentina established the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for
Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) in July 1991. In conjunction with their efforts
in the ABACC, in March 1994, Brazil accepted the full-scope safeguards agreement set forth in the
Quadripartite Agreement. They ratified the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin
American and the Caribbean, most commonly referred to as the Treaty of Tlatelolco, in 1994. Brazil
became a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group in April 1996. They acceded to the NPT and ratified
the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT or CTB) in July 1998. These ratifications,
accessions, and agreements were the culmination of decades of work on the part of the Brazilian
government.
Following the Cuban Missile Crisis work began on establishing a nuclear weapons free zone in Latin
America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco was finalized February 1967. Under this agreement the countries of
Latin America and the Caribbean agreed to keep their region free of nuclear weapons. Brazil became a
signatory to the agreement in February 1967. Though a signatory, Brazil continued to operate nuclear
weapons programs for a number of years. President Fernando Collor de Mello effectively ended Brazil’s
nuclear weapons programs by revealing an army program to create an atomic weapon and symbolically
closing the test site. James Doyle in his book Nuclear Safeguards, Security, and Nonproliferation states
however that this was done primarily for economic policy reasons rather than military or
nonproliferation reasons.
Andrea Oelsner notes in International Relations in Latin America that in the 1990s the governments of
both Brazil and Argentina became more receptive to the pressures of the United States and other nuclear
supplier nations. The United States linked closer economic relations to the acceptance of full safeguards
and the cessation of nuclear explosions testing. Likewise West Germany, Brazil’s primary supplier of
nuclear materials, announced that it would no longer export nuclear materials to countries that did not
accept full-scope safeguards. This pressure combined with the end of Brazil and Argentina’s quiet
nuclear rivalry and, as Oelsner notes “their difficult economic situations,” led them to more readily
accept full-scope safeguards.
Regardless of the reasons Mello’s decision allowed for continued talks with the U.S. on
nonproliferation, nuclear safeguards, and peaceful uses of nuclear materials. The United States
supported peaceful uses of nuclear materials in Brazil. In the 1950s the U.S. peaceful nuclear program
sold reactors and enriched uranium to Brazil. President George H.W. Bush and Brazilian President
Mello spoke on several occasions regarding nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation. Presidents Clinton
and Fernando Cardoso discussed nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards during Cardoso’s visit to the
U.S. in April 1995. The U.S. supported and urged Brazil’s ratification of nonproliferation treaties and
for acceptance of safeguard agreements. Brazil often did, and still does, criticize the U.S. policy of
inspections and strict control of nuclear technology as unfair, unjust, and hypocritical. Brazil notes that
they are a nuclear weapons free state seeking peaceful uses only and consenting to the restrictions set by
the NPT, CTBT, and others; while countries like the United States maintain nuclear arsenals and give
only lip service to disarmament.
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�Clinton noted Brazil’s historic ratification of the CTBT and accession to the NPT in July 1998.
Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, noted by becoming a member of the treaty Brazil showed itself
as one of the leading nations of the world.
Notes
Doyle, James. Nuclear Safeguards, Security, and Nonproliferation. Amsterdam: ButterworthHeinemann, 2008.
Oelsner, Andrea. International Relations in Latin America: Peace and Security in the Southern Cone.
Latin American Social Studies and the Law, ed. David Mares. New York: Routledge, 2005.
System of Arrangement
Records that were responsive to this request were found in these collection areas — Clinton Presidential
Records: White House Staff and Office Files, Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records
Management System, Clinton Presidential Records: Tape Restoration Project, and Clinton Presidential
Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System.
The Automated Records Management System (ARMS) is a database that contains email records of the
Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential email. The ARMS
dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The buckets include NPR, OPD,
POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged chronologically by creation date.
The Tape Restoration Project (TRP) is a database consisting of restored emails from the Automated
Records Management System from July 1994 through June of 2000. The TRP is a database that contains
email records of the Executive Office of the President. This system maintained unclassified Presidential
record email. The TRP dataset is comprised of 6 sub-series of email records called “Buckets.” The
buckets include NPR, OPD, POTUS, WHO, CEA, and Default. ARMS emails are arranged
chronologically by creation date.
The following is a list of documents and folders processed in response to 2010-0652-F:
Box 1
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Defense Policy and Arms Control
Andreasen, Steven
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [1] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [2] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [3] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [4] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [5] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [6] [OA/ID 3850]
Nonproliferation Treaty Briefing Book 1995 [7] [OA/ID 3850]
Interamerican Affairs
Brazil #2, 1995 [1] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #2, 1995 [2] [OA/ID 761]
2010-0652-F
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�Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued)
National Security Council
Interamerican Affairs
Brazil #2, 1995 [3] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #2, 1995 [4] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #2, 1995 [5] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #3, 1995 [1] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #3, 1995 [2] [OA/ID 761]
Box 2
Brazil #3, 1995 [3] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #3, 1995 [4] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #3, 1995 [5] [OA/ID 761]
Brazil #3, 1995 [6] [OA/ID 761]
Hollis, Caryn
Visit of Brazilian President Cardoso to the United States, 23-27 June 1997
[Notebook] [OA/ID 2400]
Pyatt, Geoffery
Brazil, 1996 [1] [OA/ID 1207]
Brazil, 1996 [2] [OA/ID 1207]
Nonproliferation and Export Controls
Harris, Elisa
Brazil [1] [OA/ID 1377]
Brazil [2] [OA/ID 1377]
Brazil [3] [OA/ID 1377]
Samore, Gary
Brazil [1] [OA/ID 3027]
Brazil [2] [OA/ID 3027]
Brazil [3] [OA/ID 3027]
Box 3
Brazil [4] [OA/ID 3027]
Brazil [5] [OA/ID 3027]
Brazil [6] [OA/ID 3027]
Brazil [7] [OA/ID 3027]
Tucker, Maureen
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1996] [OA/ID 2604]
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1997] [OA/ID 2604]
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1998] [OA/ID 2604]
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY1999] [OA/ID 2604]
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY2000] [OA/ID 2604]
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Reports [FY2001] [OA/ID 2604]
Brazil/India Nuclear Cooperation 1997-1998 [OA/ID 2383]
Speechwriting
Benjamin, Daniel
Cardoso Visit [OA/ID 1852]
2010-0652-F
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�Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files (continued)
Special Envoy for the Americas
McLarty, Thomas
Countries: Brazil [OA/ID CF 1041]
Box 4
Clinton Presidential Records: Automated Records Management System [E-mail]
NSC [OA/ID 1200000]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Nonproliferation]
[04/21/1995-09/28/1998]
Clinton Presidential Records: Tape Restoration Project (TRP) [E-mail]
NSC [OA/ID 1200000]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Nonproliferation]
[06/15/1998-09/24/1998]
Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System
NSC Cables
Jan 1993-Dec 1994 [OA/ID 505000]
[Brazil, CTBT]
[01/26/1994-08/23/1994]
[08/31/1994-12/19/1994]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[01/11/1994-02/24/1994]
[03/04/1994-06/08/1994]
[06/10/1994-12/29/1994]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses]
[01/31/1994-08/23/1994]
[08/24/1994-10/10/1994]
[Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group]
[04/04/1994-10/26/1994]
Jan 1995-Dec 1996 [OA/ID 510000]
[Brazil, CTBT]
[03/22/1995-06/20/1996]
[07/25/1996-08/27/1996]
[08/28/1996-12/19/1996]
Box 5
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[01/06/1995-03/23/1995]
[03/30/1995-05/19/1995]
[05/31/1995-08/26/1995]
[10/20/1995-03/29/1996]
[04/24/1996-10/29/1996]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses]
[02/13/1995-07/02/1996]
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�Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued)
NSC Cables
Jan 1995-Dec 1996 [OA/ID 510000]
[Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group]
[01/27/1995-04/30/1996]
[09/25/1996-10/30/1996]
Jan 1997-Dec 1998 [OA/ID 520000]
[Brazil, CTBT]
[02/12/1997-07/17/1997]
[09/08/1997-11/27/1998]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[02/13/1997-10/01/1997]
[10/08/1997-11/25/1998]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses]
[03/10/1997-06/15/1998]
Box 6
Jan 1997-Dec 1998 [OA/ID 520000]
[Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group]
[01/11/1997-11/27/1998]
Jan 1999-Dec 2000 [OA/ID 530000]
[Brazil, CTBT]
[08/06/1999-08/30/2000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[01/29/1999-05/08/2000]
[05/09/2000-11/20/2000]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses]
[08/16/1999-11/21/2000]
[01/11/1997-11/27/1998]
[Brazil, Nuclear Suppliers Group]
[03/26/1999]
NSC Email
A-1 Record (Jan 93-Sept 94) [OA/ID 570000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[05/18/1994]
MSMail-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 590000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[10/25/1994-04/17/1995]
[04/19/1995-11/09/1995]
[11/30/1995]
[03/01/1996-03/05/1997]
[03/14/1997-04/30/1997]
[Brazil, Nuclear]
[02/27/1995-03/19/1997]
MSMail-Non-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 605000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[04/17/1995-02/13/1997]
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�Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued)
NSC Email
MSMail-Non-Record (Sept 94-Sept 97) [OA/ID 605000]
[Brazil, Nuclear]
[08/29/1995-10/31/1995]
Exchange-Record (Sept 97-Jan 01) [OA/ID 620000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[09/10/1997-10/09/1997]
[10/09/1997-10/31/1997]
Box 7
[06/08/1998-07/13/1998]
[09/08/1998-01/10/1999]
[01/26/1999-07/14/1999]
[07/15/1999-07/16/1999]
[09/17/1999-09/20/1999]
[09/20/1999-04/10/2000]
[04/14/2000-09/25/2000]
[01/09/2001]
[Brazil, Nuclear]
[09/17/1997-09/24/1998]
[Brazil, Nuclear, Peaceful Uses]
[10/09/1997-07/30/1999]
[08/02/1999-08/06/1999]
[08/07/1999-10/13/1999]
Exchange-Non-Record (Mar 97-Jan 01) [OA/ID 630000]
[Brazil, Nonproliferation Treaty]
[06/20/1997-10/30/1998]
[01/20/1999-09/11/2000]
[Brazil, Nuclear]
[10/06/1997-09/23/1998]
Box 8
Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System
NSC Records Management
[Brazil, CTB, NPT, Nuclear]
9403996 [OA/ID 197]
9506064 [OA/ID 599]
9508504 [OA/ID 615]
9606694 [OA/ID 1124]
9703802 [OA/ID 1623]
[Brazil, CTB, NPT, Nuclear]
9706462 [OA/ID 1642]
9706745 [OA/ID 1644]
9706756 [OA/ID 1644]
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�Clinton Presidential Records: NSC Cable, Email, and Records Management System (continued)
NSC Records Management
9805842 [OA/ID 2055]
9806551 [OA/ID 2060]
9907043 [OA/ID 2751]
0005643 [OA/ID 4104]
0005923 [OA/ID 4106]
Electronic Records
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
National Security Council
Nonproliferation and Export Controls
Tucker, Maureen
Argentina/Brazil – U.S. Military Assistance Report [Electronic Records] [OA/ID
2604]
Last modified: 12/08/2015
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�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Finding Aids - Collection Descriptions & Inventories
Description
An account of the resource
Finding aids at the Clinton Presidential Library contain a detailed description of the collection including the total number of pages or photos and length of video and audio recordings. Finding aids also include background information of the collection’s topic and details on the record type (ex: email, memorandum, briefing book, Betacam video, audio cassette etc). <br /><br />Finding aids describe collections at the box and folder level, and include a folder title list and information about the arrangement of the collection. <br /><br /><strong>Please note the majority of collections have not yet been scanned nor made available online.</strong>
Publisher
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Brazil and United States Nuclear Issues
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2010-0652-F
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records from 1994 to 2000 concerning Brazilian accession to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). It contains are messages to Congress, unclassified documents related to the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Agreement, copies of news articles, speech drafts and talking points related to Brazil’s accession to the NPT, and administrative paperwork.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Finding Aid