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u.s. AUSTRIAN .CUR.'O.£'!CY SSeT!
FIi:J.HCE DIVISION, USJ..CA-USFA
APO 777
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19~6
15. April
:inventory of Gold end paper cUTrer.cies
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recc5.Y:~a
by t:;o U.. S. Austrian Currency S~ction Salzbt:.~·i:,
Austria from Capt. H. U.ack~!'-zie Prop. Contre·:' Off.
Land Salzburg, to e.CCOri!pany Receipt Vc>:r.:he:!" r;o.
264264 only.
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Land Salzburg T.:il. Gov.
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PAPER CU::-1.P..Et:CY
Dollar,S
44,639
(r:01. 1;600010. cert.)
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66
3,265 P..!~V
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20
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40
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11,925 Lire
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Tote.l v:?l ue
2 Pes.
C;:.:iT:R
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4
Pesos
v
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TO~8.1 Vc.:lue
20 Francs
20
. -"
Velue
20,5)00
20,000
20,000
20,000
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20
10
100
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4,e70
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10
5
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350
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120
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Total Value
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15
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German L:nrkS
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100
10
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Total :Value
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460Fr;.
=
V
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Total Val
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60 Cr. V
TO,tal Vel Ue
20' Merks
V',alue
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Total
14,440
2,800"
"17,240
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Fr.
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300
200
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1800 .
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Austrian,Scbl111DgB ·':·';.'~i;~.:, ;'''i3t800~OO t..-.
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Montenegr.•., Per¥er :I~
110.00
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.1.' The ertic1e"s'listed' belowhave'been recei;ed by the Salzburg
. Branch, U.S. Aust.rian Currency Section, and are 'he15in ::;af'~Custo~
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. 'Chief, ' Salzburg Branch
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Section.
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U, S. FORCES IN AUSTRIA P~,~ ,
REPARJ.TION, DElIVERIES AlID RESTITl'TICN DIVISION',
,~~/.V"
Property Control Branch
J~r I;.~~
APO 777, u. ,S, Army
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29 January 1946 ~
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SUB.JEpT:Secudty or Silver end Gold Coins, BuHion,
'Currencyand'othe Valuables. "'
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T O : . Commanding'Offieer'
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l~litar.r Governme~t Detacr~nt ~lB
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Att: rrooert"7 Control (lfneer
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, !.t.- Co1~nel Heller'
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Attention is, invited ,to !~llitary Government Instructions no.
17, paragra!lh 'lb,-
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2.
It :tsreco!l1rnendedthat, if,it has nat. already been acco!:lplish
ed by your office, the gold and si1vEir' coins and bullion eO!:lprising
part of the contents of the"Werfen Tra.in~ be deposited for safe keeping
lI1.th the D,.S,.' Austrian Currency Section of the Pinance Division, DSACA
. ~ection. .
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3. " rhisoffice is a",-are, of t'l'e fect that this procedure has
aC,cornr;lished witn.res~ect to a portion of the, coins and bUllion in
Pilitary GoverTU:!!ent warehouse, but it is not <!efiniteJy clear from
,fDes astc mether ornotall of such items have been tra."1sferred
'the FilH:nceSectionagaL"l.s~their safe custody recei¢,.
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·'ex Werfen.. Train
TO'
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GOVERN't.~NT
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Property'Control :Bran~h::-~' _ :~..
. . Reparations , Deliveries Bnd Resti'tution
lHvision •. USAC:" Section
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" 1 •. The following .currencies originating from tb.e·
Werfen Train' f.re under control of this office and 'in tlle
cUBtodi'of the US ~uetrian Currency Section erid covere~
by APC2s, dated 29 J,ugust 1946~
\_=
..... ~,:,--,~.;~':":8,,·Receipt voucher No
264256 from 'U5 }.ustrien ...
Currency Sa ctiont·
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US Dollars . ' .' c·
.:.ltol1an·Lire .
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Czech, f.roneIl; ..
-
b. Receipt .voucher no 264264 from US Austrizo
Currency Section: .
.
Peper Currency
..',' US Dollare'
44,639.- ,' .
. ·.(·Do1460 Gold cert.)
· Csnadiai Dollers
66 • ...;..
· Rei che::anrk .
., ,256 •.~ .
· Bri ti ah Found s
87.10
Palestine Po~~ds
. 1:; ~50
Swiss Francs.
52,360.
lhmgerien -?engts
259.560'•.- .
Swedish l:roner . .
'. 5.
.
For GoldCoina see below par 1e.
c.· Receipt voucher Nd 264274 from US l,ustrien
Currency ~ect1on:
COWS
. GOLI'
SILVER
'i'Oi:'"Eli
~
Abbyscinien Coina
1.'. ..~: '.
Albanian Fr~ncs .
-"0.10
I,ut::tr... liull Pounds.
0,1,9
I. us t ricn .[roaen
100.;56.96
·69,548.Auctrinn Guilders (FL)
12,145'.05
9.86
Auatt1nn5chillings ."
357.14
1 .555.~
]~(!le.1 on Fr~nce
350.50
124.99
HclcienConGo Pr?ncs
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COINS"'"
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9, 1911-l
. Lrl t1st.. India Rupees .~_.'
.. ' .. r:- /4
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llu1(1:sri£:::. Leva
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Germa:;'~f!rks (nori. leg~l): '.. ':' . '... "
758.Germ~n i\.:lcl.f;:1..:r~.J (noL LegLll)
..' 291.~·
Gerosn Beicb6~arkB (le&el) . . 1 , 1 7 8 . Greek r:rachce
169.Iion61~ong Dollars'
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. ':. 1.15'
. liu.ngsri€ l n Pengij
.1:?0.j740.• Irel·and rounds
- . . . . 0,2,6 , "
Italio,n'Li:-e'
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2~52
0.085 •
333.10 .
117.65 .
180.-
40.45
1.:'6.42. . . .
.:
;,566.82
•••
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Y~goela viDn
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w
1~75
13.115 ....
Line:r
1.,073.
Latvian L a t . 3.-.
Luxe;;:carg Franc£,' . .
..: 5 • ...;:·.
Mexicen FelSo
.:~:, 4.-.
ldontel:ee;ro ? c r p e r a - 1 , 9 .
r.eth~rl~nd Florien '
44.85
Newtoundlend llollnrs
1. 50
2.
None s::itm C:-Ol10S
Norwegian Sc~~11ings
Palestine Poun~e
.
1.55
Polish Zloty
.
Portug!:'l !ids'
Portage1 Escudos
. . 12,146.-
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.
10"
:
. 2it 964.50
. 1,307,45.
1,343.50
.
Rucanil.m Lsi
Russian Rubles .
\ Serbian Di:u)r
','
260 ~:..
65 •.40
0.42
17 ~70 .
Slo~2kicn ~ro!l.eo
Pese~ae
Straits ~ettleroent
SpE:lish
f:1'1cdis!;;. C:-onne
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2.
·0.393'
In.48
. 40.
0.70
12,028.75
31.46
,54.10
0.175
496.50 .
Sr.iS6 J:'roncil
SyriG P1::::stra
48.46
1.
2.75
Tun1a1cn Pr6ners
United Et£t~8 Dollars
197.45
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(R~V .No 264274)
PAPER· CUP..::ENCY
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·iOLlchcr::o OO1,291··froEU$.A us:r.rien '
Cu..rre::c::'" E e6tio~':,
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I.Wltrian !:.:ronen
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luetr1pn:Schillings
English ?o~ne .,' . - .
Czech r·u}::: ten :
Ger:::len RSichri"l:!!ark ',' ,.
Greek l:rec!".:.!!:e ..
Yugoslav uukste::l
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Dinl:!r
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50.
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135.
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:nu::::5i~:l F.ubles
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r'Bif!tj.c Coine (l~ I I " "
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Czliforn1c Coinel " PII)
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Russian Rubles
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Note also 2 coins at 5~rubl;8 (oldco1ne)i"
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Gold Bullion
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'eppears~thst U:.1c ~c:ou.nt iB'contd..ned. . i.n the ..!.otel. cf
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;"e'bruery 1946whf!reflB thp. cl;rrenc:ice. frc;; tho . ~,e;-f'en
Train werl! officielly tU!"!led vVer· "to' the. ~I.;..ry(! .. cy ..
Section on 16 April 1946. Ii:aust 'be therefore t:s:3L:.t::led
thet dU:::'ing thp.. count of· th8.:.c~rrencie8 tha totel. ~=ou.nt
of tollers on h:md were1ncluded in. "the :\.r.n;;r..~~ry co.€:LE::!
":t. receipt voucher .tio 264~"64.
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. ' ."':-::-: ::·:=::~~:tb1s of:fice,:pe rts1n1.ng""to 24 respecrtl vely 175 one . '''''.'
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. . , ":~ ." 88te1y a88W11edthat the 2400 doll~r: .sr6 not inciuded ._,,-_
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- :-, 1.nthe. 44.639 -dollars" but'on'~e::othar Land:,lt aeem.e -:..:::-.-..
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--::''': ". ~·~::::::::=:::. v oucher.;Ho· ·264264·..-on lS :.APr1ll946 :ror the transt'ero:f>.. ' ,
-=:,:::':. 2.:~·.:r:-oOn1'i..8ca.ted . gold "and -peper ·ourrenoiea as per an attached "
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7:7.:="--1nventory wh1ch.actll.8l1y ia a letter w:tit"ten by Bque .
,-:::-:.::.. ~~'·:;,:::;,;-·US Austrian Currenoy Section, . Fiilenee. .D1Vlo10n, USACJ,...;.
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===~'~<=:.. :- ~::·.::·-:.USP.A, Vienna·,on.IS .April 1946I;!l.d:wh:1ch conteine' the
<:', .•. ~'., ,·,'-:-::;;:-.etoreeeid 144.639;( The: 24 one .l::m.n.dred dollar federal
= : .. ~:.-':. '.-::":' reserve .notee were :.rece.1ved by,·L·t~Co1nellert~:then.. . ,.
- ..~:. '. . :~. : . Property Contro10.f'ticer ,trom OS3:r,t. Granville ,who' con
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-,' . ~..:: lB ,Pebr 1946 and 'signed by 2nd Lt':Lot't'redo , then chi et ..
. -- ....:. CJ.f' the. US -Au.strian Currency Section ~ end coneeQucnt17 8.:.:..;
:"'-:.:: receipt voucher nQ.246256 :!.:::;S~t1~t'IO -d.eY6 leter t i.e • .:..';";".'
:-:- "·on·:the 20.Februery '.1946 -tor. 1:'271e, I".iel1an -Lire 105 . "'~.:;
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... Yontained·.in the J! 44.639 re:·c:::~C:;!.n::l:U.y· ed·!issc. lJY the.'.
. -- U.s ':'U&trtan Currenoy Section as peroQ.r 'lettu o~ 18
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,If'
1
",gray,,'"
", ,
,
winter coat, black, the collar is made of black velvet,
the "shop' s name: '·Oroszyanosch.
1 rainccat, lined, shop's Da::£e: Nagykovacsy milenko, in one
pock~t,iS a gray glove without button.
1 gray coat t sbape:raglan., Shop' 5 name: Ruha-Konfektion Ro
sentbal.', ' ,
, '
60 shirt s ' with t'he1nitials: l!.J.
32
"with1ut
,,", • '
38 short pants (underware ) , nearly all :If them with ini tialy e'
1 pair of Sho~s, y~ll0w~'size45,&11new.
it'Janypeeces of bed linen
1
���• ~. .•
~.
"t,
~
1!~_yor Leneer;"?roperty Corftrol Section
~
S al
-- ..
"
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~
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-r e;:
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•
-
.
•
#
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,
...
........
,
Seh= eee!l,.rter,·:Fierr liayor Lenger !-'
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,
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.'
'
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Ihr~n:' werte~ Nacien,'fVUro.e'mir'durch' nei!le C;,':·t}~, ..
l~rs.Maria ';'38yDes"genar_~t >'die'ich bat,' s icb :rtiX micn be i der
.
.. ?roperty Contr61'Sectfbr.S~lz"b~r,e·iu
Verzeihen Sie
, l:l.eber' Berr }!.il.YOrLari~er:~'';e·nn:·'icb'Sieheute -mit einer privnten
,-: : Bi tte' :peis~illich:belKstige )J.1ein .An 1 1e'ge:e " ist kurz de.rgest ellt
'. --folgend~s'; :Der-iUig ariScheGr8.f.Markovits 'sagte :mir vor seiner
Abreis~ ein::s..l~;·:"' de.B''>fe.lislch:vo~ sei:nen' Ss..cnen.. die er in eine:-.
, der kon1inent6.1en:a:e.llen·in;~Salzburg·~bei: der am~::-ik. Milj tar=egie
- . ....,~ ...g ~u.,..r,!.-.1t·'"1~·;B n·"o·' c'n' et·-.. ~~' "h.ek~~~·A.=. cC-~;i'h':-""""'~c:c:" er- ~i -~~ [e'1""'r.e'·'
.
u
verwenc..en';
..:. L4JJ, ....
L..1
...l.\...A..--. .....
.............. * "
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V~""""
IIJ
...... ....,_~
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':r--liT"ceine'F~il'ie~- alsDankftirI!:e:i..ne·Hilfe fUr ihn. Es war vor
'-~t~~-iut--=-2- j·hltr~!l.:da·wUXd~;' wir:ciurch' unsere"".naschfrau
. : l~cilage :eI.:n~r·1L""l.gF:riscn~n" :F'1i.ich-t1inbsf'runilie ' e.ufmerY..sc.rn'
auT
die
ge.:::aCht.
'fiir lenl'ten diese claraui' hin k~nnen.- Es .... ar· Graf l~Brkovits, ner
uns
t
r
S pat~r 'e irune.l erzRhlte I' daB' er" ~e inen' Besi tz" den e,rjnv;enj ....
gen HahseligY~~it~n nochvorden Russen retten konnte, in einer . .
der groBen:·von ner·p..!I!~rikfL,,:i.schenMili tarregierungbe schl[,~r...mt.e;n [~
.
.' 3alle~ in Salzb,,~;ghahe. S~:i1ie:;Notlage 'ft'lirde wese!1tlic..'-l,:behcben,' .~ .•
wenn er wenj,gstensseine ,R\eider, seine Wesche 1L'ldv;eni£ste~s et-::"
was vo~ se inenvi~len Stof'fen,Teppicb.en usw. erhaltenkonn: e.~.·,
Ler Grafs('".Jbst·erhielt damals als Ausle..::.der keir:en Fe.5tierschein,!,
t
meine 3ilfe'zu und f'uhrf,lej,ch zum'einer Cousi~e'nach Se.1zburg.·
die' j P.., ne.m aJs
'I,ie:nst.e rj,er'F...nlcrikanischen Eiii terreeittP.n.g
st6.."1d nnd cEe RmeriY.8niscr..e Sprache in
V~ort und Schrift"behf'rrsch-:
te~ Irn,rch d~J:'en g;jtiE/" Vermittlung gelane es o.enn e,uch .. ein l'eil, .,
vor al1em (~~r g::dLH:e TeLl tier 50 unentbehrlicben' SE.cnen vonc.er
.'
(jr:ierikf'..nische~l.:ili ttirree,iertln£;' frei zu bekomn.e n. '
.
~
r~in~s
fi~~
i~ci.. ~bo~ .
I en, :m.E.t.. all,e.
den
vO,n Feldkirch n"-Ch Salzburg w
. r;:;5..cne!1. Jeh werne Jene Stunnen, wo lch erstmals Illl.t Oberst ;ieller
in.
d~!1
E)TOF.:~!1
?t~"1:Tie Ii
-Eirf:Ovit~sE~C!1en
nt e rkontinent al~!l Hall en nech den
sl~chtennd m:i.r ner e..meriy.e.nische Obe1,;st,
<ler
j
1
;
�d~n
e
rt
Ident,ivizierungsversuch ".L."lter Leut!lf..n:t Vielling'ton noc!:.rr.
e7.Z en
~"1d senl ieElich erhi eltenwirder..!J. F.ucn Vie les vcn den Se.chen
.....arkovits un7.er l'::i~ter Cl,6.ud de..l'ln s;l~see-folgt. Grc..f l.{arkovits ":aT ilber- ~
01lickl~ch",.v:e~l'l auq~ begr~~flic~er.: i~eiSe
noch so lIJE'.nches StticKcnen
fehl te. 1 ch woll te f'ii.!". ihn .nochmalsATlsuchen" u.n: alieh noch das Let zte
::".!s seiner :':e.:oe fiir 'i'1r.. zu be kC!iir.:ten • .b.llein der Graf .!!leinte, er :n'if.re
glilcklich una froh, an <iem was es bis
~etzt
erhalten. ¥ienn ic h wolle
una
es mir gl;,icke., ~o iiber~asse ~~ ,mi~ £t:rne a1.1es was noch
u=d ich kQnne da~~~er nachmeinem ~tdtinke!l verfUge~~
::'s blieb noch verscniedenes ,in' dieser RaIle ;.Graf l,,:a.rkovits uber.:I6.chte
nir v,?!l a~le!!l eine t;enE.:u.!!!. Eeschreibru:eund Skitzen., sodeS es nicht,
senr schwe:r fallen d:i.Jfte~',auch seinen'Re~~ noc:h zv. i'inden. V;er.n es
a'..lch ffiate riell .gesene!l, kaum nennenswerteSac.aen noch sind, s 0 waren
S:rder.noch an6esicht~ der.'heutigen ':t;ctlagebei ur..~ UI:'! jedes einz,e
"
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.
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Sttickle, frob. Und. .. enn 1?ie lieberlierr l-:ayo:r: lI!-ir I.hre E~~ige Lr1al;.bnis :=
~'
~
~iezu geben v.iirden
so \o;'Jrdeic!lE..uch heute -.
-nocb..J:jals g,erne o.ieL:..trers.ze
. . .
t
l
:i~!'
rtC ~se nach Salr.buIt; sui' 'mich nehmen.
verschied~r.en'
l\eben
T,J.e .".i dungs stticken unciStoffen, e inigen Felzse.chen
t
' . '
.
l':nd Sqhu_1.eI.1 ist z. 3. eiL e;enzes S~hf!fi'el v~:1:-l Spie155c~en .. fiJ.r ciie
ich gerade jetzt alii'. neihnachten i'Ur . meine Kinder eo schone Verne!!c.~g
.
- .t
.
~
:-.~t, te.,
In Wer, igen
T.oc~en :ist
he i 1iger
:~bend.
Der Gebent isch fUr di e '
IUeinen ,'~rd jE.diese~j;~ihnachtenf.I18esichts unserer W6hrunrsreforrr."
i':Dd der e.l1£eme inen l;otlage'kau.m' etwe.s erwe.rte!l lassen. Tch bo,bec.re i
;~Ede~che~
nnd ein .E;ub,·alJ.ezwlschen2uLd 11 Jf'.hren: ¥,'ie froh·.,.;f;re
, 'rr.e i!:e. l'rau, ~e~n ,s ie ',E.·~ts ' denanso!lst 'weni£ wer~voJ.1en SE.chen .flir d:ie'
SChaffeIlko:nnt~ . Esblieb-auch 'eine· Fniforzr. vc:-::::~~ -u:-
I; G-nc.eretwe.s Neues
der des Grnfen lU1G. ein groE,er Ee.nteldT"J.nten. Vt'iegutlief.e 5ich· E:US
diesen 7"tensilien ~t ... a.s fUr', den Euben scc.a.ffC'rl. ,Se1bstverstt;.ndl lCb.
=
[;
r'
t
L
~
,
':,iirden diese Sachen [,Te ich
Ortl1.nd t:telle z.erlc£t, und jeden Sc~e~n
'e..."1
e :nes Un~formstHckes 5enor:l=len. Ler BrucLer des Cire.fen fiel in den
,:$'"
F'cwlands. ,Ic,h ;:are
f"c}T r~eint,
}:ov its,
di eSt!' a1s, J...nerkerumng flir
W(; 1che IT! ir
i.:herlfLBt noc:,
lL'!.d
ej,,!1j<'~~;
7,11
\&k" i ten ~'.
Liehen c.:lhcklich,von aiesen 5acdenl:E..:!'-me
f:i.ndenund, von Ihnen heraus zu
.. . . .
Vl ... sSftCn~n
i~i!lderle
s ich
,"',
Z ,-'
£..eJl~:ln~!1 •
.1C,(\
nOCD
b~k()!rur.en
f<Y,:7'ric:.,t if:
f'l~T
inzYtiscD.~n
d'
\r
l!!L.e
:'"
~
ine Eilfe flir ihn
bitte Sie li~1:it,r i:err :;:l'tyorI.an[,er,' t;ti.tige Lr1a.u.bnis hieru.r zu
erwir}~en. VieJ,.l~:: c!lthe.t
:.::
-,
;
E:,llch schon ~i: ;"f,S von den 1:E.=-l:C~
I'nnen U1 voranS'L&r::.ens :;'!e),ner
' .
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n:.:re ott j.ge !:il:"e.
\
dankbr.T er,febener Hocoa
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- - : - - - - - - - <Fe 1 d..Y.irch, a::.
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die
BEALQ.ARTERS ..
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3i.ttg~su.ch.~flinz;SGheuch·1
Eetrifft:
.
'
.
_Feldkirch in
S~che 1~e.rkovits
-.'
... ;.. ,
,
..
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~
.
,
~Der. Gefe~t igte hittet -U.r1J : gutI~~' .i~laub~is. Zl:r ::berne!'..1:)e
.
.
~
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,
cie~ _ ~!l~~i ~c~en vielleicht doch n.oc~e.y.sfjn.diE gemacht ell, se ii:erz e it
~,.~s' dem"j,:e.rkovits-EigeDtum;zurUckgebliebel1en Sachen in e in ~rder
. interkont inentalen .?allenin'Se.lzburg be i d~r ,}.;jili tp.r!·t:E.i~nu:~g ...
:i;r errim".e:i't5.ns~inSchreibe··lliri. o,ieser .hll£elegelloeit VO!!! 24~
.
" .
. Juli
una.
47
.
. ' .• -
."
.
.
- .
-
*'
".
•.
d~:r··ihm'~.~~o"er-~~l·s:t~dig~lt
.
- .
J)iep.ststelle d e s ' .
lniITiLii.YGOV"hrun..~NTsai~1;;urg,.gezeich:!let Val:. Lt. Col. ReymoT.t.d F.·
.
. . '
.
.
.
.
Gl"Uill,Execut i\Te~Orficfer in~zuvorko~m'en(ler Vie ise """""" belle!\lil"..t
ge g-e
..
..
. .
. .
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-
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,',
wort, clie ':' den Ge{ertigtenir.se iner 'E:offm.u.ug bes tarken, '. etv; as
..
.
..
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,
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Eigenturr:s. des Grafen ";:e.rkovi tSZ1J. erhal t~ll •
. Ler Gesuchste11ererhielt VOl;' Gre..:f Eer}{o~'it~ rUe VollmE.cht,. ~t!- i;- e
•
In
~
oJ.
-.
..,
1
£~"""'';lT!\.er:1e.L ....
e'tl.
'.'
zu Uberne::urer..Als.Lan.k
Grafe.;! vor:.
:J
-
bl '. .
:,...
.~
t'
.
_leoe:ae:n .rtesl.e. selnes ;;;'1r;en ures"
h
oJ.
~oc.ver
L~r:.:r1covits
-
•.
f;.j.I.(lj.~
d~r·
•
•
Re,rjUhUJlg~r.. U!!!
•
de.s j;i£e!:tuI!! ces
inzwischeTt nach U. S.1:-.. e.u'3wc..nderte
..
soll der Ges\Jchstellerdienoch.r.ui·fino.baren 58.cben e\).s!i_en:
~ ' .
Ei[:("!ntl~1.!.:.desGrafen v.J.;..p_rkovits flir seine Fa!5ilie UberiLeb.."!:te~.
.'.
' .
.
faIls er dief5c von der . Froperty Controll Office naco er!:lc-.lten
:""
kbnn~.
L:s nEuHJd.t sich U!!JKinaerspielzeug, getregene
.i.
.p
r.:.l~ider·u....,d
SC:'1ll.he, eini[.ebtoffeund Pelzs.8chen una. eine Kis"te rr.it Ki'lcben-
geschirr. Der' GcfertigteistYater vou 4 Kindem unci W&Te sel bst .
r
filr je des Stttckchenvoll u.Jtsche ir.:.barem r;erte recbt froh una dfin.kba-[
~
~iI
Er hi~tte sich n.ieentschlosse:nzu dieser Bitte, wenr. nicht die
,,
"
.
.,.
tie ....o."1.Ae e
c....
co •• ot o~.r Loe. ... ge b·...
l \,
le"~.r.l!"C!1::"J1. hl~ZU zwe.:r:e;e.
- r"
..-..\... .. -
.... ,"""':.:
r<-'l~r'\"\t'"""
":r-,"- .. "",
"rc ..... ;;,..c
<,,-.:..
_e
!,...,.... .. ....".~1..... c
·~e+
-,tr:-.~""....
.-.........
t·
j
.
[.
l~
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�~das
.F'al::iilie u:nd die tinder
notige· an..
BekIeid~'\E:
-,..
.....
zu
~'"
J
Gefertigt~'.
zu iiieser :fUr .ih.Jt b~Se!:l.f~:ende!' E:'tte.
FLir d~:r.. Graf'e:n. v. Earkovits sieh zu verwenden v.-a.r 1!.ic±t so scb~'er
wie jetzt,da Graf Markovits ibm. c..iese restl. Sachen iiberle.f,t,
l:!:tl..l'\ f'iir sich s~lber.· .
~;~ .': ':.
7.winst den
1a.s he il~e Yieihnacbtsf;~t-~steh.t·~lu,.mlttel~a; vor. der Tlire .7;ie cree.
r;-ere die F'rendefiii c 'd:ie':1tlei'ne:n;:vol\' den Spielsachen we:_ ir.;ste:e.s
etwas herE'_llS zubekommei~:Auchvoi' 'deli Y..leioer:r.., die ja
'~f.eillen umgebaut 'Uid~a1:ig~tinder-t"=-~~rcien kOl!.!1ten. ,,'eden.f _s"wCt~de!1
"diese Dinge aIle eine~ bessereii.:·Zwec'ke· der Verwendu..llg zu.geflihrt,
.
...
....
fils o.orten schlieBlich zu verderbe:&. J...:D.. sieh handel t es sich is,
.
· un: kei1!.e groBen r:erte so:nd~rl1 nur umei:ni[.e wenige, 811erdings
·fti.!' nnE. arme<Osterredcher: 81lBerordelitl-ich 'n.otendig~ . SflC're n zum
';
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t§glichen LebeA.
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Del' .. "','"
Gesuchs ..teller ,""', - r -.ist tiber die. clem -. .,
Gra:felS. t;enoreu de~ S8C:2~,ll. z i en:
.
.... . -.;,.
.: - .
:..
.
lien siener·orlentie:::'t-·uud-!':f!nnc.i~see:uch an Rand VOlt Ski:,ze,)i
~R"
\~~}1...r sicner llc.c!~~~i~e.~. 'Er' »1.i..:tde~uch zweqks Idell-tifiz i ercng
.. -,
..: '::..
,'':.',.''~.',:
-=-' ::...,:~~ ...
:~.:.'.~"
'.._:.. "''''~.~ ,..,.c:.-:'
_~.:
:. ...-.-.:'.:.
;.
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l{.arkovi t8se.chen:~d:reime.l .von. der P:roperty Co:ntrollOf'.fice .
':;~,6Ft·- 5alzbUr~be'ord~~t un~ l~terli~be~s~'hrdi~~~" vi thilf'e .
;:;- ~'es j!errn- O~erst ·Col~":Eeile~·~--~pater-. d~: der ~erre~ Ltrt', ';"~!1VO:."'l:
.. .
· ~':~o~~: ;~~~,~'~i~;~r:~E~'~;~:'wuI'd~'~r~\?!l:'viel~s ~?s·. ~e~ :'E~genti)lr
ba.rko
,'V~ ts erkanr.,tl1""dsiehergestellt. Aus De..1"..;:r, arkei t f'lir diese·Eemu
· huTI.se:C.~ d 'diet.
•
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s:: iap·~2.~n· e lne!-' !ll,e~r1iia~ i~~; :-F e.h:rt .~.a~b..S e.:!. Z g
b1~
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ITer:r:aCl'lte -Gr5:f.;..:arkovits d.er:restliehe:e. ?eil der noch,etwt :::'i.:_
-'
.7:'indenden S&cnep.. aus s e iDeI!: ~i£~ntuJj dem Ul'!.te rz ~i c!:l!l.et e T••.
·
........ ,,", .'..
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h ll-l-e ..... . ..af::.r::~r nOC1WllL.S urn .[;1.1t 1ge ~ 1 assung aer f:' 1 1.enl.a,..... s
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uuer
D leser
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·noch a.1lsf inc.be.::-~!!., '}~ge::lst t~de aU5· a.ein Eige.r. t~ 'd.es Gi'e.f en l:f'~rkG;~;' i
,~.
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'una rla_nkt it]
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V0THU.S
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bf.:stens·· fUr di! . e~hof:f'te e'Jtige.
". lJi t
r.~wt~u~g.
vorzii.£lic!:ler Eoche-c:htn:qlf~;'
~~~:.""
'. t/}he"tn;i. l2&,..
Fe! l dl:?~~i /67a. r I j;u: ~:J
-
�:.-.:::-:.:::--=:=-=" -:-:::~-::"'=:=:'=--:::-='''
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Leut:c.ant. We,llAIlgton:,
: J':roperty Control·Cf'f.ice:
. , S; a 1. z. b: u r g.'.
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Leider kann .ich.Ihnen n;icht '. in d'er Spra.che
. Ihrer H.eimat .schre.iben~ . Doch ich wel.E" daBSie 'einen guten Lol
•
ruetscher haben und mich sicherlich in meinen Gene.nken verstehen
· werden • .Esis:t. einf:,'1.ltes.Vierteljanr. vorbei~ seit 'dem ich rr.i t'
Ihnen und der Frau Gre'finv . l.:arkovits zuse..rr.:..n..en nacn eir:.er der
3.allen i'u..'l-:tren, - inwelchen die' Koffer von '!i.a.rkovits verwc.hrt l5.e
•
•
•
("
•
.'.
•
•
•
<.'
'.
•
g?n. Wir sol1.teno.ie.Sachen (Kle icier und We.scbe )' des Grai'en
· von I.Earkovi ts: darten.;brerstintentif'izieren um diese dannspe.ter
. zu. tibernehmen. l.eider>istbisheute noch kein l)ositiv'es' Ergebnis ..
hereus gekammen. Inzwischen 'wird' die ~ot der e.rmen Flticbtlings:....:··
· i'~ilie 7.usehends.. grbBer~D~e Armen wohnen in unserer J~abe.und.
ich 'kann
dasEl~nd.,dieser;einfach
.
'
<"...
.
nicbt mehr Hinger s.nseben'"or..ne
'
'.'
, nicht den let7..tenVersuch zur Freigabe inrer' Kleider und rie.scbe ,
die. unter •Ihrem Prot.ektorat festgehal ten sind zu unte'rnehruen.···.
Wir ha.ben hente . in 6~z;(jsterreichF'eiertag Und daschristl'. Oster-:
reich fe iert heutedas., FronleichnSl!lsfest. BEd dieser Proz ess ion
sat icb heute das 6 jp.hrige Sbhnlein des Grafen von Markovi ts mit
der Erzifh-ierin l -siestammt . ja ebert.falls aus lingarn, so durftlg .~
und schlecht be ide . r;ekleidet j, daB . das 8.rmste Froletarierkind nicht
. .
wi~diger
und Ei.rmeronge40geners9heint wie die beiden arme,n IJienscben.
Dnd der Gra:f und seine' FTau ~c.iese e instmals e LT'J.es der sCIfu1t£sten
.,
MEi.dchen Ungarns) hp.ben n rmehr ganz abgetragenenKleider und [)a.l d
ll
schon keine Yiaschemehr., Ind'essen aber haben diese nocb garize Roffer
mit Kleider llnd
rn:~sche.beiIhnen
in' Salzburg in einer der Hallen
.-f(,~/L! ,-~er lnterkont irient alen Gesellschaft. Und wenn die J....rinen schl i eBllcn
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nur die 4 Sticke der von UDS intentifizierten Vie.sche vorerst bekom
,
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l!:en wilrdr::n so ware o.erfilr sie ganz verzweii'elten Katle-ge' w€'n:ig
stens etwas nbe;ehalfen. :E.s 1St wirklich trs.urig unci f'urcbtf'iir
d je f._:",,::,en. j.h:re notv;endir::stenSF.chen. in Se.lzburJ<.
fest leeh
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lch oi'tte Sie im Na.men·"der Mensehliehkeit~ lieber Herrl.eut~
ne.nt Welli.ngt~n;' ~1eifen' Sie wenigstens den P..rmen. Sie kennen
, helfent•. Geben 'Sie' derl<'amilieMarkcvits wenigstensdie 4' Secke ,
,
'
die wir da:ma.1S:-..zus-aRime~- brachten f'rei. Dorten gehen die So,chen
schlieBliehzu Grunde", hier,retten Sie wertvolle hlensehen vor
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persenliehkennen gelernths.tte und weiB, dE.£, wir uns nicht
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an'UnWiirdige vergeben, w'lll:-deieh -mir~getrsuen" Sie se instE..ndi~
. , zU,b;;i t.:ten'. IhrVerganger, ~ der iiebe gute ,Oberst Beller hat t.e
'
versproehen zu helfen~:'::,Leider konnte' ,ieh nieht s:bkozr.!nen o,arr;als
.
und wie' es' rlann soweit~~Yi'af> daB ,ieh nacho SelzburE; kOItlIien koIlli.=-'::::-::
, war Oberst" ReJ,l'er:leider in'seine Heimet· neeh DSJ.. 'zurUck
,
Seit dieser, Zei:t_ist-'die f1otnur~ noeh- e.ngestiegen und ciie Arm~n
'_ sind v,'irkliche.mver7.weifeln'.:P.iite helfeIi- Sie~: iCh 'glaube. fest'
.
daren; daB aueh '$ie einf'iihlencies Herz haoen und zur Lina erung
bi tterster' AriIll.lt, Ihre' giitige' iathilf'e nieht, veTsa.gen', I ch ,bi t~e
Sie::fiir di,e,Armen um~icbtswienur::um deren Kleider'~d Viesche.
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'Ich--·gl--e.ub~"und.-...vertraue'~frd.fL-lhre
g'dt'ige' Eilf'eund 'vers:preche 'jb..!l€ : I
sebald' ieh Nachr.icht l;labe; >da6 Sie die Freigabe
eser 4 Shcke
f'u.:r ,die: aJ;me}:amil~ie f'reit;eben dlirf'en, 'personlich korr..men werde,
o.i
o:!ese. zu Ubernehrne.n.
IT..Jzwiscben d.anke ich Ihnen ..namer.s
Ihre (~,l.<..l..g e nlJ
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oer t_rruen lUnd' begrLEe""(
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Sie herzlich
Ihr allzeitergebener
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Property ControlfOffice#
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Be~rifft:
. Ansuchen um gtitigetberle.ssung der :restl. Sechen von
Gref ll~erkovi ts.
Bei dergUtigen tJberla.ssung der dem Grafen l~arkovits C.us
Btlde.pst gehorenden Sachenaus einer .der Interkontinentelen Hallen
durch die ?roperty· Control Office im Herbste des vorigen JE....'1res
verblieben noch. einigewenigerwertvolle Sacben in dieser nalle zu
.. -.
,
ruck., d.ie nicht gleicb gefunden werden ko:r:nten .
. Bitteller verwendetesich fUx 3:errn Graf Markovi ts uno. iibernahm seiDl
zeit personlich diede!!l Grafen gehtLrenden Linga.
Graf 1!.arkovitserklarte', elsDank:fUr den im geleiste:tlen Lienst v.iir6.t
er diese nochzurUckgebliebeneli·· SacheD . ibm fiir seine Kincie:!" sc:t,eru:.e!
j)er Gefertigte bittetdeher die verehrl. Property Control Office urn
.
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gtitige Erlaubnis ~ur ttberne..'1medieser Sacnen. Es sind wenig we.rtvoll t
Dinge und f:.Ilgesichtsder heut1gen Notlege bei U.n9· doch soaehrben5t:
te· Dinge des taglichen Leben$!s. Auch die Kinderspielzet,;.e;e weTen den
-.
Kle inen so sehr erwlinscht. Es.hB....'1del t sicb noch Ul! die wenigen
Sabhen:
1 SChaffel vo1l· rni t Kinderspie1zel!g (·F1.lppeD, EisE.
1 brauner Vip..schesack mit Scbuhen a11e r .F..rt.
1· SChiffkoffer mit. Ktichenges·chirr, e inem Serv ice
Eor:.serveh, etwas Zucker und Stoffe und I'ie.sche.
~ierr GTl3.f E
(j">'itt,i1be:::'machte dem Bittsteller eine V6!imflcht
.
.
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.
. ZUI l:bernr:1::UD€:' riC iner Sac!1en u.:i1d dezu e ine genaue Ski tze.
Der· [;efe:rt j.£,;te 1'} ttstf.'ller wU.rde. sofort personlicb nach Salzburg kom
men um diese Sn.chen F_bz uholen. Er hofft (~ui' gUt'..;., L! ledis;u.nE seines
k"lSllChens ,l!J'ddnnk h )€:f'Ur . i.m vcraus bestens .
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To
Ur. Colonel
H ELL E R ,
Sal z bur g
Dear Sir,
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I~:y cousin, :;ary Schnee, r.rote to roe, that you, highly
honoured EisterColonel, are once more inclined to help in the case Uari:o
vi ts and I way come there again' for· my pour friends. I knor; J ,;ha t a good
sympathy haveyou for.the,homelesses and I thank you very hearthly also
in the name 0 f the'familyofthe count de ~arkovi ts for your goo c.ness. I
rea1;:t.y '2orry ·that ·Id:ltlstbegyoU: again and rob your precious time. 3ut,
I EhoulCilike to help to the. poor facily J i t was than the s:irl;le help
only possible through you.
Day' after d.e.y I . saw the need, the care-t:rinkles R.nc.
the tears of the young mother , I h"Dev.- her having cold and beeng hungry 2.nd
it :nOY5C iue !lot to avoid ,anything in:':order to help to the poors. Should
. the countes!? get the travelling-?ermission, she r.ould come along v:i thme.
Eean~hile
re remairi r.ith kinCiest regards
Yours very thankfully.
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S Bl£uhei.. P.
Brhtol 6,
October 19,
1954
Commanding Oeneral
RQ , US' ArC7 Europe,
. tic1delberg, Cerman.r.
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JIr • •cEn.an,. 'froll ihe .lmerioan Consulaie Oeneral in Mu .
......
whom.
"1 d1eou8secS seTeral aaiters, ,.as .kind .. Dough to giTe lie you ...... · .••s'so
that I could vr1te io 10u and perhaps get sOlle information ...aohI ne.d
JI.oai Ur&8ntl,.!,;
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It 1e • queetion ot propert,.
deoeasecS hueband, Prof. Jont
'~l Thoralc, or Ha.rimans'o.r~, Post E~d.O~.:, ,~.~8~~~~~~~.;, '::'
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.1t the end ot the ...ar
husband'a propertl' was tUBn under ol.'r.trol, . ',".
ae being a lad-prof! teer. Furthermore,.1 he had collected during tho
.'
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years of the war a great qu&ni1tl' of antique "'C=~8 or art., Tery meny ot
them -as 1t. W0.8 then ih.usu:al thine - ooll1D8 froa :Franoe t Bolland .tc., .' ,
the· ColleoUng PointooU lIoted .. J1WIb.r of works of. art in Munich, which
were par~!;:resU.tutec!" .. 'c:~,:eronaer countrl',partly .:..-!ven be.ck of.;, zy .'
husbr.nd cos 'odng-hisrightfulpropert,.. .l list of all these thh.(,a r....u.a
been handed: oTer'to me through tb. now "~reuhandTe"altung fu.r lulturgut" .. ,;¥.
a t Munich..
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Jry hU9bo.nd· alao owned ,..' oastl. in Austr1:l. Sol"J.ca!· ?~~l"llau •. Zell' s.:n
See, stufted 1Iith the aostTaluabl. works of £'Othio art, also Ilostl;r
or1einat1ng tro. oooupied oountrie.. .
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ot ut.
. Hy aill Is·totincl,outwbat happ.ned to theee' works
!'h:.'~nl~';"~;'"
traoe we .couldtlnd in the. Treuhe.ndTerval tung fuer X:ulturgut1nllunicb .".' .~:
. a letter (Julle1946) t in ...lob Prof. !horak hias.lf deolared.everal. objel:t •.;
.. ae liable to bere.t1 tuted, amonpt tbeee,' 7 - S oarpets, one.Cob.Un..
'.:
oupet from Holland at the prioe ot mr 86.000, Figur. ot a Saint (aton,.,) . '··(r
at thepr1e. ot 12.000 (fl'OlI Franoe), Mado1'lJl&, fro. !ur8'Wla,y6,,00Q lUlel '£flD,j,'
more objeot, •. < The 'I'reuband.,erw..ltun& fuer lulturgut i, oertain. and. aost :,,:'{t
.•JRll.zed at the taot that the •• thin.,gs whioh sboul4 haT. arriT.d.ttb.~~;.J;·/:~~fr.'
Colleotlng Point ,at lfun!ob.ll.T.r arr1Tod.
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'Onfortunatel7,I &. no. foroe4 to IIxpl&ia'
personalaatterG; .of~.(i;;
that 1 t ehould not •••• a. 1t. I aooulle the ber10an Coll.otiq Polllt ·of'~: .: ;:::~,:;
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ng uOnttIJOJIII thi D8. .roJl.f.;~., . . . . '~·:·I . ,'.' ;.:.;: .•...... ·!\\r'::(A,:<~~,;":~:,
..
',~e1ng~r J.~1.h4ea~.nt"I·~~: ~~:··~T~~·.'.l' ~~~'a~
in ~ ~,~ ~~~~i~~'~~'
of' th. la%1-,..g:t•• , .in .. purely toraal 41Toroe. I .t.,.e4 in CH:na&.nT .lld~·~:1
11".d lIHh . , huaban!1 und our childr.n ulltil the 'beginniftl' of'19'9 •• bon ,::~i:(~
I ru.l1.zttCI ttUl.L the .Huation beoallle too da.ng,roue for all of us• .1 l.tt .::-~.
Oenan7 with Qul-littl. 80n alld ••nt to Englan4, 1 neTer loat fal th 11l, ':~~'~;
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· my husbanc!.At"ter the war, he BOt '111 touoh .. :..th .e al 800n as h. oould :.: .. : ..;
over aytamily settled in benoa tor aa.ny ,.8ar. andre.ffiraed 1n JlAll1. y,::··;.:·~·~
l.ttera ot love and taith his lnt~ntion and ..1ah to talceup lU'. with .... :<... ;;.
me again•. lIe also urgod ••. to llakeola1.s tor alll10Dy ..hioh he o... d •• '''', .,:' ::~;~ .
sinoe '1939, .adrtstl18' I\4J to .8ourell.,.'olull. through a aortgase .on hi.
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· propert,. ln :Bavarla, Sohloss Ba.rtaamu~b8re, 80 that I and ay SOil 'should . : i"'~h'
oertainly be sateguarded. I tr18c! ,to do thi. but it wae very difficult' '. ' ..
·at the beginning of 1946 to getintouoh .,1th the .Amerioan Authori tle! in"!;~
German,.. InSeptembe:t:' 1946 th.re ooethe unttxpeot8d De'" thatra,y huebund .~~~
had BOt IDllrded again,· IL naturall•• c!Allorioan woman who had 'b...."~,.:.; :':/r.
mistres8 and llvedin. the oastl. In.t..ustr:l.a as hi. housekeeper, Jgh'tfn:i8d '>.~
of h:1Ting tf,) ~l.-I)ave· Gen:a"lj" forthereyj don of her palJeporh in Ootober . ':.' ," "::~
. 1946, exploUed. the s1tua.tion bl' blaokaal111l& And foroed him to Ilal'ry her.·'/~·
'. She hnd the upparba.nd as my husband, In the hope of Baving his property". '.
in AUf'~-'l.'la anc. h1lvaluab1e ..orka.of art; had g1.von her a letter or '.
.' .'
donation (date4 October 1944' ),. 801el, tor the purp~lJ. or aTold1D8 that>,'.;
the C30tle and the'objeotaof art·.boUl4be "coll~ot.d". Xt i8 or GOur•• ('>:·~·;i ...
quite cl;J.fl..r that<ln 1944," wbenth.we.r. was atill on, my .huabal1d could' ...~".'~'~"
not lttgallyha:ve givonawa;r't,) &~li"eneo.Yalientl objects of enl>::."SlOUS Talue.· .
ry hl.u,,~?!ld is nov 4ea4. ~'en after h10 aarnage in 1946 ho oonfined that _.::~
he o'lci me a11120lV' and urgectae .. p1n and again to do the neoes8aT)" to ........;.~.·,·';:-:-::i'i .
.
safeguard it for I\e 'and our Bon..'1'he following .t. "nation has a1'1 ~H'D.I
~"""J
I.ra. Erna. ThorR.k has been JXl.ade· lSole heir ot all my husbo.nd.'8 property,,·'. <~
to the detr1ment evan ofth.ch11.4ren.. I hav. DOW to alai. al11DO»1' tro.':~';:8"~~
ber.. She now pretend.:.that 'all or l10st of the valuable objeot. of art· ::~:(;.:~;~~
in Pr1eleu had been "wildly". c011ectedby. the A.mericana and that there : ..~.~(:
is herdl;- r.,nytl:ing lett. She e).ftO pretende tr."f; what 18 lett ,-", her
..
property us €ivcn to her. by Prot. Thoralt in l.944. Contrar,y to this is· ..... :', ,'.
.. the fact that Prof. 'fboralt him••lt dealered 1n 1946, when giVing a etate- ;'~"i
· ment abo\\t hi" aBeeta· to. the .lmerioanAuthor1 tie., that Prle1au 111 Austria " '. :1 .
_as hiB propert,.. 1'bedeclaration ~o the ColleotlZl8 :toll1t Kunloh or. .~;:',~ ~.~}
June 1946 was also ·aade "" Prof. !1'horakaa belnghia propertl'_ The Ca~tl.·~~:~
..hioh bad to be r.aU tutedto thatoraer owner, belne taken a'la,. troll'hir ;.,X' j
as. non-a.T,-nn. had to be reBti tuted, and the caoe.,ent agalnst prof. thorak :"i17
and not .. gains t Fr1. Er.D& :SOehn1g.',,>aa1d.n-naae of the. lad,.,DO... P'rau ·.Erna ._::~/:~,
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Thank.
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'Xi lsqu1t, olear"to'.a,thathl.·~ Boehn1e .. ith her ....ADar1oail"•.Yi~kl.l
nationality, and provi4ed.,lth her letter at donation, llUl.na.ged to k••p'".~~;··.,;,...
all the. 1tOrke ot ... rt and that not onoobjeot· was 0011eot.4. 'b1 the ,:.:;;.:~::.'~"":'.!} '\2i ..'.'
.A.erioans, ... ot-het",i"fI there would have. b.en r.oorda a'bout ;1 t, .8 ·atJ:ou~...:~:~fit5·~··
the objeote (Joll@oted in 1fun10h. In the beginnln& ot 1946ColllU114.r ,-"r.-:·tY:-i:]· '.'
aeneralCOll1x:e "~~blllehd ill Sohl088 Prielau, and he tol~ ....1., '"
:'?\~.~i.~~:~
· lettor,. thlr,t h'L l.,rrJ,H .!!.oeh.n.1gsbowed hi. at one ot hi. T.T)" first, ns1t. ;~·:;l.;
her .letter of ~'I)ru;tion. (:probablT.•,~th .t.he~",.;i.'p~.i.ot ,et.t1~\lt!~~:!!~!b"~!~'~i!\~
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·ou t~o .Beriofl ) •
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I &II ·corry to haVIlI 'baen 80 long. JI1 que.tion 'DOW 1. lf you bAv. any. :i:'~~
reoord about thh hl. ~ Boehni«, about the oa.tle hl.1au and the . .2(:~I.i',.r(jj
objoots of art. llUl IltlJ~hlng 001180t.4 and it :not "why ftOt", ther(& lW.t :'~'~.;J ~
be SCale rfloor~s ..boat 1 t.. Waa t.h.r~ .Y'~~ ...the ~~:ll1St •..~. f;.f t~~: . ,~~~~~t~.;.~~f·ii·;~l
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SahloBsPrlo1au in Zell am 5e. in Austr1a made known to 10u al tro. th611
on belonging to Frl. Erna HOlhn1t7 ,'.
It i8 of vital lcportanoe to me and -1 oh1ld:;en to prove that r~' ":<i~~
et>jecta of art were colleoted trom Prlelau and that they are ,till 1n~".:,*
the l"l8.nde of Frau. Ei:'na .Thorak who, otoouree, hB,s no lnterest t o .th.l:.,t " ~
and where she haa theae. objeot. whioh amount to thousand. of DAtI. t.,~.-'?~~,;~,<;>·~ ;<~~
prove that there hns neTer been a transfer at property to her naJ:lii~'·'th. .'.
wbole thing :labullt on a fraud and thia person should no~ F~et &YZ:- T1 t~ ,
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1 would be most grateful If you oouldhelp me.
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Hilda Thorak
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"OFFICE
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.ATTN: M:r.James A Garrison, Chief" RD R Divis
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t Headquarters'UnitedStates Forces in Austria
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SecT~tary
of State K.' M:Jlfl,Mf.Nl{Profesfsor Josef THORAK, the vtl.'Iler ,1"1:
Schloss Pr1.elau,baQ acquiredtrom M.JHLMhNN the tollowioB _; " ' , c - " , ;
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CO French,15 century:: Ch1mney-piece, he1ght about1.30m,<
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FOREIGN SERVICE DESPATCH
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Attn. Kiss Ardelia Hall,
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Arts and Xonumel'lte AaTiMJ'
REF
DATE
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SUBJECT.
Request for restitution of works of art. (llreo
De~-"'ber2.1954;AOOP7
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"BT leiter ofof .hich 1.
1I8adquarters USA.'R.EUR bas forwarded the enclosed letter ot J4.rs o elIda ~rak . ·
dated October 19. 1954 requ8et1ng1n:tormatloD nth .regar4 to the p r e s e n t
location of works'.ot. an tom.erl;y located in the castle Prlele:u, Zeu all
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See, Austria, 8tate4.to,havebe ~~,0.wned~ h8Z' latehus'be.n4, Professol"
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involves Austria,we aSllJume the
request d1rect1,1o .....
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Yoi.ll 8ll BWer llre. !I.'1lOro.k'.
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Enclosures •
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Copy of 1tr.tr USlRlroll
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to HICOG Despatch 1271,
Dec. 15, 1954.
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2 Dec 1954
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United States l!.:!.,!Ih Commissianer. for Germa.ny
600, CAPO 80, '. US A:rrq .
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Box
ATIN: . J.1r.Fra.nk sUltan
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.Legal Aftairs Divisian
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Dear Sir:.
. PUrsuant to the telephone understanding between Y.r. Sultan and
Lt Harrington,: Judge Advocate Division, 24 November 1954, the a.ttached
letter from Mrs. Gilda Thorak1s forwarded for action under your tine
arts tracingprogi-am, andcoord1natioo with the s1m1]ar Austrianpr~·.T .
gt'al!l• . Atf:1n.formal communication to this Headqua.rters indicates that··· ....
Frau Erika Obever, I..inz, Donau,SchUlerplatz 2, Austria, may be able··
to .furnish information J:'egardingthe program for loca.tion andr.esti.tu
tionot works of art in Austria..
.
Inclosure.2 1sa .eopyot . tbe letter. ot reply of this Headquartere . ~.
to Hrs.Thorak. .
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'. . . ..Sincerely yours,
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1. Ltr, Mre~ Thorak to
ClnC, dt.d 19 Oct 54
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2. Ltr, CinC to Mrs.·..Thorak
dt..d.30 Nov 54·, .'.
R. L. BURCH
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�QMGID-W 414
SUTenrare and au.ga
tltpart.ment 01. Stat..
\-Jash1.ngton 25, D. C.
Athnt10na
)fiss Ardell.a R. H.all
.. Arts and. HOOUIlenU. AdrtHr
.. Dear Kis. Ball t
. In accordance with arrangementll made between Mr. Ralph T. "..ack,
this orflce and your"lt t tru.1nclosed cap.,- or the A'rrrf¥ Shipp1nc
Dcxmattntreturn1ng object. otut, ~ Sll.,..rwar. and Rug",
to AUlItr1.a 1s.. torwardedtor continuance at actlon.
.
This ortlcewiabea to express It's gratltude tor )"our
assistance vh1chled tot.het~ d1.poalt1on cfthe 1t.u.
Sincerely ;yours.
1 Inol
c." ..l.m;r Shipping
DocUl'lent....
H.B. ORONDVIO
. Lt. Colonel, QMO
. Inat.al.laUons D!.Y18lon
t'a~a1 ~ta1Jijl Wonncrtion ~CJ
I),., ,\:;,'mIV)\ C~!$"'" c-i til" I.1nU<Xi SI:rte1I
~ Ii r< /;) ttl" '" ,'uHI"\I <11 the tAV\lntoql> Law••
thlt
Title 18. US.C .• Sees, 793 imd 79t. tho
·lJcmamlUlolI or r.v,lotIoD of whJ.eh lD emf
lIlomnw to em WI.QUIhodMd. ~." .....;......;
~11>!~ br law.
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NOTES on
Propert~
at Richmond Quartermaster Depot.
WT12 - Small Modern Rug
WT50,- Large Rug 9X 15
WT 51 I I . " ....
WT 52 - Rug'
vn 55 -Large red rug 11.5 X l~
~r~.'~'.~~·~~:;
WT 57- Small modern rug baoked with ootton marked S 1~834
Vv'T 58 - Rug
"
VIT 59 -. Rug European':
VlT 61- Large rug 9.X 12·
. V:T 63 -' Lar[,e . rug 23 feet long X ·16 feet· wide 77324 on oloth tag
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WT _ 63 is painted on oorners.
"
VlT 65 - Laree rug l4'feet;'4"'wld~'
. VIr 76 - lAree rug 9 X14 . " ,
worn
""'i1 79 - 1.ledium rue about 5" X 9'. ' .
.
...' 82 - Large medium rug about 6'X 10" WT-82
Silvercsnoela'hrawlth4 branches. 5 candles with spike.'
Fair - Woman ·fn greek dress carries holder on her head.
i,:onoGrerr. 52 lnterlace1-" 8" . '.
.' . :
.
Height 20 1/2 inches good condition .....
.Silver - Q!}e Punch bowl - fluted on highfoot with large handles
Eeight to top of handle .10 174" good oondition
'.
Silver -, Large ladle- I.!ark: 100 '..
Silver - Pair candlesticks (hexfl.gonal base.
(incased design H. l~"
n;r
round base
H. 111/4"
II
n
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H. 12 liS"
One low. · f t , on 4 feet
H. 5"
..
Silver - In a Chest marked KlelnM BUDAPEST VII SIP.
II'/IA
. Chest' of flat •silver Monogram BJ
"Wj)f
Dinner knj,veswlth silver handles - J.A.Henckles Solingen
forks - 2wlllingswerk' •
T'It'".. .
(
SUt?per .knl ve s .
.
~
forke·'
Butter kn!.ves
Salt d 1shes. and sa It spoons on Tag: ZwBlfteiliges silberessbes
teck .m1 t dar Bezeichnung "BJ" zur Strafsa.che II/l-l~:~~~87/53 .
Ebn • . (Initialled) (In ink) 7/7.53
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. Krb. . '
.• 7.
4 ST2272/53
{in blue penc118S-53
.
Chest of Silver inle.cquer chest with 4 drawers - Knife Mark: A. Bachruch'
SUCC.
Knife Mark
Silver"
acove inoxyet.
ble
Rostfrei
A. Baohruch or. .
. aide.
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Petit-Point pi~ture-GeiBha - approx. ~. 3/4" ag. Large gold frame
On back: In Blue crayon -.S-173-22l
In Black. crayon WT - 78."
In pencil-" F.100 '
Genre Painting -. Selling crabs 1 men and 2 women
Pa1nting: H 10 1/2 u X W 7 1/4" - On bs.ck: W(~Dn:;.1nblue
crayon~-1n gold frame
,p,."'('t~'':::·''·
'.
#1 - 4 Fish Platter~'MOnOgram with'crown above wings and figure and knot.
Mark: FV/. Broggl . Length 29,'1/2 u Milano "
. ....
.
#2,
Fish platter "',Monogram: . with. Crown and anchor - Mark: 19:3:3 F W Brogg
100 Milano
Width 12 1/8" Length
, 29 1/2
Dupll cs te of. 2'·
Fish Platter- Monogram "M". with crown and anchor Mark: Broggi (140)
2 other mf.rksW.
11 1/4 X
,LBo
28 pieces of s1lver, -all with monogram of Nazi swastika - except large'
glass coffee m.a.ker. with silver mounts (no markings)
I have consulted t,4'.rs.; McUaughton .
... Chief I Historical Properties Office
Office of Military History
,
." Dept •. of Army
'and she agrees
"
\
�·.GO~
?'·I'·" . ··
The Hungarians allege' that after the Hungar
representatives' were expelled the US Occupationau-,
thorities permitted property' that was assembled at '
shipping points to,.remainunguarded with the result
that someoi' itwas,stolEm;permitted part of the
property to be stored in uncovered places .with the.
result, that 'it deteriorated and became worthless;
used part of the property; gave or loaned part ·of the .'
property.to local residents or manufacturing concerns;
returned~partof thf!propertyor the proceedsth
dire~t:ly to owners;. soid. part of the property at
auction··.··and;,abandqned····.the.:.rem,ainder.
'0··,
T1l~Hungariansc:ontendthat the US Government is'
legally obligated' to pay compensation because it.re-·
cognized',the propertY.'as:Hungarian (as evidenced by .
releases~i·etc.}~·and:knE!w,thatit had been unlawfully'
carrieds.ws.y'by German· ,forces and consequently that
the US:'Occupatio:n,a'u~horities had the duty under ac
cepted:: principles> of: 'international :law to preserve it ."
"
.
.. andto:.,permit,,:itsreturn .to> the rightful owners. .The .'
Hungarfan·'GovernmEmtYalso. contends. that its legal right'
to the,:property or<compensation for it is based upon' "
Article .. JOof:thepeace>,ttreaty ~.the London' Declaration:,',; ...... ,
.of January:'5'~,1943'(copy enclosed) and. the Quadripartite'··,
Procedures,forRestitution·ofAllied Control Authority .
.
, dated.,Apr,il,>17·, 1946.,«copy ',enclosed).
. ,' . .,.;':-; .~.~-,',". ;:',-",::.::,;> . -~.'",
'.
. ··":,;'<,:-;,,(,-,t:. ·.':/:<;.;'l': -
.
'. . In;\d.efe~se()£;th{i'elaimt:he Department has con~
tended,{l)!:that liat:>il1,'t::Y,·,if· any, . rests upon the (
.
Germari.G.overnment'·becauseGerman authorities 'tookthe
property}',(2)thatUStOcc\1pat.ionauthorities h~dn:o/ .'.
'legal.duty:;toprotect~theproperty from theft0l:" .. ".'
deterioratiotl~,(3)thafllI1derArticle 30 of the.peace .
treaty (copyertclosed) the ,US Government had the . right
to determine;wllat,:ptoperty<could be restituted and
consequelltl)'the'flungarian:<;overnment has no legal right
to
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to the return of any property or to compensation, (4)
that part of the property was "war booty" and conse
quently the US Goverriment.· had the international' legal
right to. keep it and(5) that the London Declaration
of, January 5, 1943' and,the Quadripartite Procedures' for .'
Restitution creatednolihbi1ity on the part of the.'
United States. The Department also has contended that'
the values 'asserted by the Hungarian Government are
grossly exaggerated. although no evidence has been ob
tainedto. support thts .contention.
'With a:view'to:~t~~ngthening the legal position
of the United States 'and contesting more effectively
the values placed upon: the property by the Hungarian
Government, the Department of State would appreciate
receiving (1) the. view-sof the Department of Defense
with respect.\i:() the defenses the Department has already
8.aserted and as to any 'additional defenses that may be
appropriate;, (2). copies of any inventories, appraisals
or estimates :of value of the property that were made by .
or at the' direction of US Occupation authorities; (3)
,.'
informationas·towhat·part of the property may in fact ......
be considered as ''warbootyff and (4) information as to
the .finaldispositionofa11 Hungarian property which
was assembled for· shipment or identified as Hungarian ".
property, 'including information with respect to property"
or the' ptoceedsthereof.that was transferred directly . to;
own~rs,;gifts:or loans' of property and sales' of propertyi.
and of the final disposition of the proceeds thereof.,
S~o~ldth~ Dep~rt:men~OfDefense
I
desire any ad-'
ditionalinformationinconnection with this request, '. ....
GeorgeW.~.Spang1er,whois. Chairman of the United States .
Delegation handling the/negotiations with Hungary, . may .
be reached on Code·18~"extension 2472.
'.,
i
··.Sincerely yours,
. ,.
"
·'0~;j·1 . . .
Richard D.
Kearn~
.• Acting Legal Adviser
Enclosures:
AG described above. ,'.
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28 October 19;66 ..
JAG\I 1966/367
701
...
'. tlE:P:tOAANDUM
.
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ASSISTANT CENERAL COUNSEL (Itn'ERNATlOKAL AF'FAUS)
'. DEPART'MEm" OF DEFENSE
.
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Hungarian Restitution Claim (U)
SUBJECT:
~~f.r.nce
i,
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b aade'toyour informal requeat on 13 Septelltber
1966 foraval1abie;reeorcSl and'info.matf.oD pertaininl to property taken
by UniUd Statu' oceupat1onforee•. ' In Aastria fro. the "'Werhn Train\'!
in 1945. R.eference.ls:.lso 'lUde .toyour memorandum. aut: _1ect as ahr.ve,
dRted 2(1 October 1966, invitins comment. ona letter atteched thereto
I.
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from' the Stau·o.partment.t..gal. Adviser" dated .5 October 1966.
.
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2.
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~Th1sDlvblon .bas()~t8hled
twelve files frem the Notional
whlchere beUevedto contain. all the U.S. record$ em the
.
\leThn Trilla pro~)I!!ttyand otber Hungarian prof')erty which wes f(,und In
tbe United States,occ.upatlonaone_.inAu.atrh. and Germany.' Examination
of these recorda,.boweYer, hlls ·todisclose'any dngle. all-inclusive
inventory or vdu.tlon·ofthe pro:lerty to vhich the ..,resent Hungarian
claim relate ••. There"area'nUmber of·recordsahoving inventories
certaIn type.ofg()~ds~ol' of, goodsatored In particular facilities en'
a giv«n dace. but it'co.ntaln•. no det.ned com,rehensive inventory of.ll
of the Bungilrhn"ro~erty that came under United States control. The ..
fl1«!s contain·doc.umenta Lellring on the dlspo8ltion of certain Items to'
various i"er.ons.organi.at:ions, and_gendea.· It is daubted however,'
that the ul t !.mat.e dispositIon of· .11 of the pror:>erty involved coul d.b,i
ascertained. aolely on thebaa!s of records maintained by the occupaUcn
.Ilutborltles •. Neverthele. . , 'there is a great deal of·1nformation In the'
fUes that could he "elpful to the United Statu Delegation in nagotht .. ·
tng a .ettlementvUh HUll3ary~. Thta Dlv1sion w111 retdn possession of .
the fU . . untlli2Novemher1966 vhen they wll1 be returned to the
National ArcMwl. If it 11 d . . 1red thia offte. vtll -aka these, fUes
availahle to 1c:>uf offlce or to the State Oeoartment, upon requut,
"
prior to tb.t dat~.
Arc.hlves~
of .
,(.s)". J\.Raed~llll
3.
gfln.ral knO'olledge of the hcts end 8 ruding.of
a..,,.lic.able tr•• tYflrovhloDs. it is believed that the five defenses raised·
by tho.e. United State.s Delegatton.· in'its negotiations vith Hungary ere .•.....
:,.if~:.:,
a;1rro!'riate •. An "dditional dehnsecQuld be bued e,n Art lc Ie 32 (If t , :
Peacr. Truty with Hun~uy (T.LA.S. 1651 at 63), under which Hungary
c..•
CoH
rro..J.. . . ,' of .6 . .
G:;;iea ".
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JAGW 196t13{; 7
SUBJECT: Hungarian Rut itut Ion C 181m (U)
28 October
valved "all cl.l~ of any delcriptlon agaInst the Allied and A.socl.ted
Power. on bebalfof the "ungarl.n Covernment or "ungarian national.
ari.iDI dLrectly out of ~b. var or out of act Lon. taken becauae of the
existence ef a state ot var In Europe after September 1, 1939••• n In
our vie", the bro.dl.anguaa' of J.rtlclel2 "rves to extlDguhh any
risthU of Rungaryto clda compea••tioR from ea occupying paver for i t •.
aCti or CIIlluf.onsundar ArUeln· 29· or. 30 of the treaty or any othar
proviaion thereof •.
,
.fS'f
.I,
4 •.
·W.lt.hrespec:t to'the fourth· defense lilted in tbe lAgel
Adviser's letter.rehrenced above, 1t appears that very little, if
of the rropertytaken froll! the Werten Train could be cbullied as
bocty, tt al thougb.'.ub.Ulltlal part of· the r ... lnlng property tor vhich
rauU:ution iI.ought couldb. ao ehulU.d. Tbb Dlyhlon b.. been
unabla to locate apecific inventorle.• or valuation. of all the Hungarian
prop.rty broughtlrito United SUt.. occUpation aonn in Au.trh lind
Ceriaany, but avdlablein!ornllltlonlnc!1catu that much of thll ,rOflerty
tin aUlceptlble ofdlroc:tDtUltaryu..and that d1s?osltlon vas mad. by
occupation authorltielac:eordtllg1y."··
~
'OR THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL t·
GEORGE.F. WESTERMAN
Colone 1. JAGC
'Chief,International Affairs
Division
-
.... _. '
I~_ _.,---_--:__ __ falrs DIvision. J'A~j .
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Cop; r!o................. of
.,.
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,
�~MENT.· OF ~;~~~
• OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEl
.'
WASHING.TON 25, D.C.
October 20, 1966
MEMORANDUM FOR COLONEL GEORGE WESTERMAN
CHIEF, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION
ARMY JAG.
SUBJEC'r: Hungarian Restitution Claim
By previous
"
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memorandu~~'l!orwarded
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to you a letter from
.
.
the State. Department LegalAdviser concerning the "HWlgarian
H
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Gold Train'.' claim.Att~chedforyour comments is a further
. . letter fromthe
StateDep~rtIIlentL~gal Adviser dated October
5,
'1966 concerning a related Hungarian claim.
r-~~~
.•.
Benjam nForman
Assistant Ge eral Counsel
International Affairs
Att
a/s
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},tfisccllaneolls No.·l (1943)
"In ter-Allied; .Declaration
:,:"' .
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agai..Ilst~cts ofDisposse~sibn committed in
I
Tep'itoriestindel' Enemy Occupation
' i,'" '
Or Control'
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, (Withc'overingstateilient by' His Majesty's Government
in the United Kingdolliand expll1natory memorandum
issued hythe Parties to the Declaration) .
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London, ] anuarys, '194-3
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PnUlllldby, 1111
S~t1't;n,.y of Slnll for Foreign AjJniis
0/ His Majesly
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,..PHI!'\TP.D A:\n PU[lLlSIII':n I:r HIS ,\L\JgSn"s SL\T!ONERr on'ICE
5T,\TIOXE'IH' OFFICE ;.1 Ihe
To be pure-hasc" directly (ron.
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1.t>n<lon. W.C, 2; 120
Slt.et.
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�J.~rC;lt-.'\'LL1En JJECLAlt\TlON AGA1X[.i;r
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) {=:I16 OF' DISPOSSESSION
COlHMIT1'p;n TN TEnnl'rOntF:S Ul'\nF:n E:-:E:'-IY OCC{J[,,\Tf
1'
Oil.
'COWI'IWr. (WITH .CO\'l-:UING ST.\TDIE.NT BY HIS
'", GOVF.rtNMI~NT IN TIlE UNITED KINCnO;\[ AND
'l\fE~lonANDUl\{ ISSUED DV THE PAHTIES TO THE Dr:Cr,,\Tt,,\TION),
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Hrs lInjesty's Government in the Ullitt'<l l\ingllolll h/we to,dny join.~1
with 8ixte~n othcr Go\'el'l1l1lentll of the Unitc!l NAtiolls, And with the French
"Nolional Committe-c, ill Illuldng n forlllnl Dcrlnl'ution of Lhoir detc\'minnlinn
tocol11bll~ nnfl d...toJllt th"c plulllh·rill:!, h.\' the ellclI1Y Po\\'c!'!; of Ihe tcrritories
whielt hnvo I.c(·n o\'crrun Of brought lIll,le\' em'my eonll'ol. The S C1l1nlic
. " spoliation 0: Clt'cupicd,ol' controlled territory hos followed i
, , '.;',wl! frt"~h ::;::;:n:ssioll, ,Thi:; hns tnl,en e\'CI'\, S,jl't vt [orm. fl"olll
" ,to the 1I10!'( ellllllinl5ly ,e:ullollflu~ed finnneinl penC'lrntion" n
, oxlcuderl to cI'cl'ysortof propl'r~y-h'olU works of nrL to stocks of,
commo<litil's, from bul,lion and banI,"note::; to stoeb and 1;11111'cs in businells
"', and finRlIciol IIndertakings.
Hut the object, ill alWAYS tho snmc-'
to seize ~"'cl'ylhiDgof,"All1e thnt CIlII he p"t to, the n:::gressQl~' profit nllr\
,~hcn to hl'inl; th(' whole:! eeon~m~' of the suhjllglltcd COllntrics unl!el' crJl\trol
. '( Bothn! thtl." lIH1st sllwe to' e1ll:inh lind strengUwll t!wii' oppre!"!"ors,
'\ :' II hns al\\"lI,1'l; t,,~en' (or(!s(!(!1\ Ihut when Ihe tille of hat lie b('gnn 10 tlll"l1
',' (lgnill~t the Axis,thc enmp;dgn of plundcr would be cI'cll,(UI'ther cxtenti!!l\
, '1In,I ,nccclel":1ted, Illlt! thaI en:I',I' efl'OI't IWJIlld he marlc to stow nll'oy thr.
, ,I'tf.\t·il prol'l:rt,l' ill nCllt.ral !'oll1ltrics 11\1/1 to pt·I'I:.llncle u!!'lItrn\ citi1:cns to Il!,t
os CCI\('CS (1\' el')ilks onbdlnlf of tile f,hie"e~,
"', 'I'hel'\.·. is (!I'jdell('c UHlt., tlli's is noll' h'lf'IR'lling, linf!!'I' the prossul"<'. (.e
"cI'cntli in HIIS~ill I1IltI XUl"th Afdell. nllfi th'lt lhe ruthless ond complete
nJ('thf)(h of pluudel' begun in CClltml Buro)1c nre no\\" living extcnr1cd on
"n\"u!;t IIntl e\'er,iuc1'ensiug ficale in the OCr-lIl1iel!' tel"ritories of \\\~st~1"II
Em'rlpe,
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His ~flljest:r'1l Govel'llnlent agree with the Alliet! OO\'erlllll€:nts lind thc,
fl'eliell ,,N"ntionll\ Coillmittee t.hnt it hi import;!llt til leH\,c no doubt ,,'hnt.
'socI'cro( their resolution IlO~ to :It"('l'"t or tolerutr. the misdceds or their
'cnclI\ip.s ill the field of, propcI'ty, ho\\'\:\'('I' these 1I111y he clollkcd. just \\S •.
they ItO\'C reccntly elllphnsised theil' ilelcnnillntion to cxnct. n'tl'ibution fl'om'
WI\\' criminnls fl)r theil',outl'l1ges n:;ninst pcrson5 ill, tite oeCllpied tcrritol'ics,
"
" Accordillgly they hn\'e' mude lll(: following joint J)ec\,lralioll, nno. iSdllcd
,the nppend~ll explanatory ll\('lllo\'alldunI on its mC[IIling, seOpt'!HHi ",
npp!ication : - . '
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" DECI,"\TIATIOX,
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The (jo\"cnllllcllts of the Uninn oi SOllth Arrica; the Unitct! StaLes of,
,\\JIcrica; AI\~tmlin; Bclgi\llTl; Cnmllln; Chinn; thc Cy.ceh051t/\'!\k flCPllhlic;
(h'eat nritnin nlHl ~{Jrthcl"ll [rein luI; Greece; rllliia;,
the linitl:ll Ki!l!,:/lnm
Lllxt:IIlhllrg; th'c XethCl'lanlh;; Xc\\' Y-cnIUl1(l; ~01'\1"O'y; Polnnd; the \Jnion
'0[. St,lid 8oei"lisl' TIepllhlics; r IIg0Sltll'jl\; nnll the. French Xntionlli.
C(llllillit lee:
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Ex
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[('1'1;1;\1 1\"III'ning to ,,1\ e'~n('cl"lled, nllti ill particular to
ill Il!'lttl":ll r.OHlJtri(~6. thnl lhc:' intend to do their utmost to dercnt
! krd)y
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(.fill GO\"CI'IlIl1<:.u.!,:; with which
rignillf;t!ho~, (·()tlll!ri.;'!'; Ilnrl I'col'le!; who !tn\'(' IH:~H ""
",,,,;'ol1h :ls,,;lIli..,.! '1I11d d'";';l,nikll. '
,
, ,,\('!;o·nlill:,;i,l'. tlH' GIt\;,:i'IlI11t:lIls IWlldll;'; titi" nl'tillrMiol1
Xntiuhlll CUlIlInitlcc I'CHen'c' "I: tll"it', rightii tu (J.:;r:\ur(: illvnlid 1I11,)'
or. 01' (IMii1l:!!; with" pl'Opert,\', rights IIlld intcrcst!! or nny descri:,tion
\\,}IIII;';lw\'('1' whielt nrc, ol'hU\'cb.::r!Il, >litH'ltcll ill the territuriclI which hll\'O
('nJl\(' 11II,lnr Iho flel'''iMtiolllll' (:olill'l.l•• Ur.,ct or indircct, or thc Go\'(~rnments,
with which they 111'0 nl "'Ul', urwhich bolong. or hn}'e belonged.' to
perRon!!. (in(,hllling jllrillicllipenlims) ICRident in such tCl'l'itori(lR. . 'fhil:'
. wnrlling IIpl'lic!!. \\'helher slIch trnnll{el'!i or c\l!nlioSIl hnve lnken the form
. or 0l'('n loolillg t)l' plunder, or or lrnllsuctions apparenLly legol in form, oven
"when thcJ plll'pOl't to be \:ohmt·nrily effected,
,"1'he OO\'('l'timenls making this Dec\nrntion nnd the F.'cneh National
Committee 1:'0lclllnl~'recordthcir Bolidnrity in this motter.
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f DJ\CI."il,\1'IOXAn"IXST AC~SOF' DISI'OS~I~SSlo~coaimTT.;D IX TKltD.ITOItIl-:S
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t!U:!iGO\'CI'l1Jlliml!;of t·he UlIitl'd :XUtio;li;\\'ho h:l\'e suffercd'the iumsion of
, theirnuliouillte\·dlory,br:br.utnlt\lld l'nplIciollS el\ellli~s,
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thcO/)\'cl'IIllIcnts o( the at,hel"United Xlltiom;, with nn invitntion to consilh:r
nll\\'khlg Ult'ir'hlhcrcnectl);:lhc prio~i'plcs cmbodi~d i!1 the ,l)Ct:I:ll'llt,ioll h y '
some pI'OIH)lII\Ct'\Il(,II~ of thea' O\\'U., rhe DccI!\rut:OIl IS nlso hrlllg brought, '
to thcllolice of IlcutrnlGo\'cl'mpcnls, ·1.'ho pOI,ties to tht' llccl!lrntion I\rc
col\nbOl'nting ,to nl'l'nll~f: the mnxillllllll'plIblicity [01' it. through the press
I\lId by im>atieusting,
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3:" Tile" ,Dcc/orntion Ii;" in . thl! form of n gellel'lll stntel\lent of the
nttitlllk,oLthc p!ll'lieipatillgGo\'cl'lllll'~l\ts :mcl of the }'l'ellch Knt,iollnl
Committec to\\'tll'lls thendi;" of <1i;;posscssion. of whnton:!\: l\ulme, which,'
hn\'e bcrn;. uud nl'e bt·ing ill(,l'c'lsillgly. prllctiscd hy the Cllo.:lIIY 1'OIl'CI'II ill
I hc lCl'l'il(ll'il~i;, \l'h ieh they 'It'l \'C l)I'cllpicd or I~l'ollgh ~ under their control.
b~' thoi!'liuccesi;i\'enggl'cl\siousn;;aillst the frcc peoplcl'< (If the \l'ol'lrl, The
. Dec\al'liti6n, l11:1k l 'i\ it clem; that it npplic5 to tl'lllls£crs nllli d(',dillgs elTt:clcll •.
in territory uuder the i\ldit'ccl confrol of the enclllY (!':uch liS the fOJ'l'iICl· ..·
.. unoccupied 1.0ne'~ in Fl'nnec) jllst as much (IS it npplil's to Slid,'
h'Hl5tlcti(jllsin teri'itory'\\'hich is il~der his direct physicnl cOlltl'oL
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, 4, " Jillhe Dcc1nnllio\{ thep::lItics." reservc ;,11 their rights" to dc~lm:o ".•
invlllirl tnlnl:'f~I'S ofOI'c!enlingswith JlI·oper~.\'. I'ight!!, .~c,' which have tal,t'II,
pl.lcc during lhe period (If CIICI\I~'Ol'CIIIHtlioll 01' control or Iho tCI"I'ilbri('s',
in fJlH;!;iion, It, is ob\'iousl." iUlpOIIsihl~ fOJ' 1\ l;;C'll('ml (\eelarlllion of this
nature to c!e!1neexlletly thc"nction'whic,h \l'iIl requirc to be tal,en'whcn .
victOI'yhllS, beell \\'on IIndtheooceupntiol\ 01' contl"ol of fOl'eign tCl'I'itol'Y by, ,
the cncrny has" hcctl brought to, IlIl ("lid, nisl'o!;!>essioll h:1S 11Ikt:1l m!lIl.¥'
for In:! Ulldllll will l'l!quil'c cOlllii,Il!I"ltion ill the light of Cil'CI1II1ShIIlCl'S \l'hich
mlly wcll\'!lry CI'OIIl('ollntr.,: toeolllltry, ,The \\'orllillg of t)1C nl~('IIIi:ntioll,'
howc\'cl'. dl·llrly.. eu\'C'l's(l1\ JOl'lIi~ oHootillg to \\'hidl the C'lIcm~' h(\~ I'('sorted.
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~tl~"un'r or lOrr~(1 purcIHl1;O"Jr ttOih~ of hit
:\s to I~he l,hcU.. or lorccil t'l~nm;(cr of ucnrcr bonds,
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Til ',,0 fal' n,' lr;;ll",r..:j'!; r.r ,It,;,lill;:;s arc ('''lllill.~,1 ill {,heir ~ .... t.':
,f,
te:";!'!,,,.\, 0(" p:nlielllarc01mlry, thL' .. roccilure
" .ll'l,:i"inll
or
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1',~:1dle.l r.'g;trclin;,; thcil' illmlil\lItioll ",iii fnll tl) b~ ulld<'rlahc'I\" i~)'
tho) Icgililllllt(', GO\'Cnllllcllt. ,OC t.ho t'01Hlll'y concel'npil Oil its retul'll, 'I'hn
1Jcdal'utioll IIInd,s, howc\'er. ,lilcl'o\iti:ll'ity in I,his itnpOI'LlInt, IIlnLll'l' flf 11\1,
the plll't icipnt in::!' GO\'el'umcnts nu., :of t,h~ Fre,n,:,h N,.lil'll1tll COllHniU{·o:'. :m,l
thill 1ll,'nIH; lhllt they nrc 1l1l1LllalI~: plt·el:;e.l lo I1ssist 0110 IIlIotlH:r R!> Illay,
be I'Cflllit'C(\,' lind, ill eoilrorlllit~' with the pl'iucirlcs of cqllit,Y, to ('x:tllline
nnd if 1I('N'silol'y to hnpl(,lIu.'IJt tlit> iln'nlillntion of tl'nm;ferll or deolings wil,h
JlI'OIWI't,\', right'II, ,\:(1.; whieh OIny extcnd tlcross nntionnl frontieI'Il nlld requiro
0fliou'''y two or, morc Govcrnments..
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<i,'rlte e:..:pr('ssioli' of ~olic1arity: between fhc J)n\,tics nls!) menus thnt
they (II\~ ilgreed so fnr ns po~siblr., to lollow ill this mntter similnr line~ of
policy" \\'it,hollt dCl'og-ntion to theil' nntinnol sO\'crci!:!lIty III III hnvi!11! 1'('~'lI'fl
tiJ U", .Hi"i'\;,l,:,I\.;C" I'rc\'niling iii tilt! \'nriOliS countrics,
The parties lllal'in
tlte Dcclnl'tllioll 11I1\'c llC'cor!lingly 'c1('cich'!ll ns a first slep ill tl,i:; c1irl·d,
til cs(ahlilih II COllllllittl'C'Q{ experts, \\'ho will cOllsi(lcr the scopc n ,
l'\lIl~'k\\lC) .of th.!cxi,;lillg '1I.!gi~lnti(\li of the Allied COllIIll'il's COIIl'l'I'IlCc{ [or
1, lit; 'J1I11'\lOSC of iQ\'Cllillllt,ing hansfers or IIC'nlingll of the llnture indicated ill
'l.~', tho Dccllll'lItion in' nil propel' eRSCS, , The Committec hnvo IlIRO been nslwd
to l'cecin~ I1I\d cofloeLllvnill1ble infol'mntion IIpon the m('th{)(~'1 ndapted by
.
thet'iH:'in,v Governtncnt,s, nnnthcir ndhercnts to lny theil' hRnlls upon
~,
prol}cI~~'; rights': ,\:c~. in titC'I,CITitol'ics which they have occupied or brough~
1
ull.lel' ,tht-it, ,control, ' When," t'epol't is nVl.1ilRhle from t.hi!l ('ol1l1llitlce of
CXpCl'tll the whole questirlll will' hc rc\·ie\\,p.d by the Gm'cmfl1C'nl.!l mriliing
thc ,J)ec:illrcttinn itnd the '. FI'cnch' ~:\ti(lnnl CommitLce. The Olth'\' Go\'c!'n
lnellisaf ,the Uni~ecl .Nuti~lls \\'iIl he informcll of the ,result,s I)ftllis enquiry;
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�,Treaty of Peace vith Hungary
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Articl.e 30
, 1. From the coming into force of the present Treaty, property in
Germany of Hungary and of Hungarian nationals shall no longer be treated
as enemy property and all restrictions based on such treatment shall be'
, removed.'
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2.' . Identifiable 'property 'of: Hungary and of' Hungarian
moved .by force,-ordtiress, from, Hungarian territory to Germany by
forces or authorities atterJanu8ry 20, 1945, shall be eligible for
resti:ution.;,y" ','
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3. Ther~storat10nandresti tution of Hungarian property in
Germany shall be 'effected in accordance vith measures, which will be
, . " determined by the Pq,,;ers, in' occupation. of Germany.
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4. Witho~~;~eJudiceto"'hese and to any other dispositions in
favour' of' Hungary and Hungarian' nationals by the Powers occupying
Germa.ny,Hungary vaives on its own behalf 'and on behalf of Hungarian
nntionalsa.l);claims ,8.gsiirst Germany and German nationals outstanding·'
on Ma.y 8, 1945, ,'except those ariSing out, of contracts and other obliga- ' '
tions enteredinto,andrights:B.cquired, before September 1, 1939.
Thisvaivershall,be; deeniedto·include debts, all inter-governmental
claims inrespectofarrwlgementsentered into in the course of the'
var and rillcla1m.S for 1,oss or dams.ge arising during the var.
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11 April 1946·
ALLI:SD COtTTROL' AUTHOR! TY
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COORDlNa.TI~m COM.i~lITTEE
Qpp.dripnrtite Procedures for Restitution
. Gene~a1
1.
PART I
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Provi~ionB
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Gcone of Document
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. Tho:: preaentpnper deals with' .m~thodsa.nd procedures to be .
observed by' the respective ZoneCommanders·1ntht:J four zones in
ir:.pl.::m~nting the agre..:.d d.cfinitiono{:·resti tut10n in thl::ir ZOnes
inordert., permit·thegov:c:rnments:whos~C;territory has be",n nccu
pied byGi::rcanforc~Bto.receivE> a.~ ·so()tl.:~as·possible· the property
subject to ~t.sti tutio~.'
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Rest1tut10~··
-ResH tut10n :wi11>apPl;Ytoe.~1
2 •. Prop{;rtySubje.ctto
property covered by thedefin
.. i tion of tho term "RcGt1tution"adopted .b;y the .Control Council on
21 JD.nur.ry 1946 (CO:=:L/P(46)J.ReviB~)andin accordance with the
. inter"!,r~to.Uon of t.hio text agrec:;d upon by the Reparations. De11ver
i~s ~nd Rectitution Directorate on g }-to.reh 1946 tDRDR/P(46)14 Revise),
30th docu::1cnts9.re attached hereto aGAppendiec.s A and l:I respectivoly.
3· ::8. t ~ons .El i.;ible
/
fnr ·.Restitution>
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nation shall be . eligible'fl")rreatitutlon unless its
territory'tIaB -,ccupiedin,,,,hole'or'inpartbythc German armed
force:; or the forcts·ofher.all1eS and Unless it· is a United l~at ion.
or Ghdl havt1 been specified by the AliiedOontrol Council.
lUi')
4.• l~ethod.
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Imp16meltingDefi~i1;ion:
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of Restitution
.
The ~tt;:;apective G~mmanders'of :the four zones \.rill take the
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"',WASHINGTON
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October 5, 1966
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"'~Septemberi2,<1966;
Len Meeker wrote you about
',the "Hungarian gold trainr~claim that ,the G
'
of.Hungary,isassertil1gagainst the United States
our negotiat:lOIlswit1:i::,that"Government. 'The Government". '
of Hungary'1~<a1s()as'serting a claim for the value of
property:;:that'i'wasi"taken:;i.from' Hungary by German fore es '"
afterOetober.\:15,i:'~1~44',.{;and,fo\U1d in the United States
,Occupaiion·'Z6nes:)f>:Oermany,' and Austria by "authorized
, representatlves~!'oftheHungarian Government after'
", hosti1it:lestdeased(' ',' ,
'
, : :..',,"'"
~".":(":;<"<"'<::./! . . ~<:'.
.
; ','.
,;The,]t~gariansclaim: that property valued at ap~ ,
,proxinlate1Y;'\$206:,millionwas carried into the United' " "
States ()cct1pa~i6n:·,Zones.,ofGermany and Austria' and that;':: "'"
,property'val\.1ed:"at~appr6ximate1y$47 million was < iden:'
(\)'
.' tified:.;aIldtasseID1?ledi~for shipment· prior to the '. expulsion,.;;,.
,'of, the' Hllriga.:r.iari<'repri!sentat:Lves by the US Occupatioi1,:';):;;""~:,
authorltlesrand have·:'submitted lists of claims, for .the
,;
lattet:sUIIl~;.{tThe,Hungariansfurtherc1aim that the
,',., "
. H'lingariaI1"l:'E!presentatives had filed with the US Occupation';'
. ", authorit:ies.,.'and'':theAmerican' Legation 'at Budapest over,:',; •. : ".
'.', 900·:lndivldual:c1aims. for $47.mi11ion and that theUS"~:;;:,\;.;· '
Occupatiort8uthorities', signed' releases for a 1arge::pat;t'
of.the:c1aims"fi1ed:with them. ' ,
"·r;;":,.':",
,
;"\,,: -.':;
The H~gariatis. '•.••".
-- :I .
"
BenjllIllin Forman, Esquir.e, ,
'Assistant Ge.neralCounse1,
International Affairs,
" ",." Depart~entofDefense.
,.
~
.
: .. ' : ....... . . Group 3 .
.
Downgraded at '. 12-year intervals,
notau~cn:natica11y ciec1assified.
·.··'~~!:i:;BI!'fDtL
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�.' D.EPARTMENT OF STATE
. tc:lephone
. Memorandum,o/ILonversation
DATE: August 14,1957·'
SUBJECT:
Payment for shipment of
PARTICIPANTS:
. .
Sergeant Thomas
ARHall··
rU8sandP~inting
from Austria'
Cod e 131 ext. 55771
.
.. i
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.',;" .
COPIES TO: .
.
.
'. . . . . . . .;.:.<.,.
........•.
.
.~
.
.... ~ ~ Shipm~rit;·froIIlAustrian bordert.oVierma by private firm has: ' .
.'billedEmbassYfor .the amo\U1t.Sergeant Thomas wantecito kttow who,,:'; .
should pay shipping chergesin Austria, . Army, Embassy or . Austrian Govtt. ,
.t ,.' .'
.. I told him property had never been in Austrian custody untii ,'.
July 30, 195Tandthe Embassy'had only transferred shipment to Austrian
Gov't. I presumed the Army would pay charges. 1 read him 1etter<sent .•
to Col. Grwll:ivig. on .Aug. 12, 1951.60'.;a ~~ CktA~' ..
~"r:
....
.
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......IAL---,._:US_E_O_NL_Y---';--J
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MEMORANDUM·
.
.
WASHmGTO~\
SECSTATE
.....
:.'.
_. Date: July 30, 1951
~'. ,.'
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.'
Shipment ot' Looted Silvel:'Wetreand Rugs. t? Austria
. .AMEMBASSY VIENNA.
FROM:
..
SUBJECI':
. I,
.
"
TO:
.
,
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.
'.
A-109, October 2,1956
REF:
\ fj 11\'>
.
.The itemS described in A':'lQ9:didnot arrive at the Embassy until
May, 1951. Tbey>'Werefol"Wsrded to.the Austrian Government, Bundes
den'kmalemt, in accordance 'With the 'referenced instruction Bnd arter .
.exBminationbytheBundesdenkmalamt.a·receipt dated July 30, 1951
'WBS :t'urnished to the Embassy. The original of the receipt isetteched
. hereto • It is noted~that··the receipt is identical 'With the Army Shipping
.docUment'Which the, Department enclosed 'With the re:t'erenc«1instruction. '
/t..
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(. ...... Enclosure:
Receipt
WQt.oehr /bar
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....
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
11:, U ••, .OYIUIN"'IfNT ""'NT'NO OJ'I"ICI.
, ...........
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r. n
p y
R:! c lxn('l!').d Qn9rterme s'ter . D~pot
R!chm:md 12,. Virginio·
'~'F~ j\':·~I~A..N
::~ ~ '..~/'
,,-',.",":' :', .... ,:..;.~ r L'i:·.~;J"A~ c A;';..· ~
F:mASSY
VIE'!'!nA, ATJS~J.J...
?O:?{ DELIVERY TO
Ti!S A'JSTRIAl''! GOVE?J~~!:r
A'l.TI~:
Dr ~ Otto Demus , Pres ident. of the
Eu~desdenkma1emt
.
'.'
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A~T!~~
.'. ' , '
....
total pkgs: 5
to'tsl "Wcight: 1859 .
tcta1 cube:
. Unit
J~~~~i
N:-.
Ca:1d:!. "! !: of; 1ck J Si~'Vl:rPL' YJ!3z;ings.neaF·bottom ';;':E':::-A":"'-~1~~~-::-;;"""'~~~";;;':3~2":"-'':':'-":'2:;'="
o~ stem.
'PV
EA
1
Canr.1e st~ ~'k :s-!.lver,e'Ppr~~:5"peiesta1base
·2
-"
i·! /4 legs
.... ' . , ...•. . , / . . .... . .' .
Ee
EX '1
2
CenrUe !'tick ~ sil-rer /'::;g~: W/engreveddesicn .
9 nd. 5 r~.ngs or.·bottom of stem
.
Can11estic'k, Silver, PL"tr/4 rinGs'.near
bottcm of· ster.l
. ' ....
.
EA
EX 1
2
Pict~e, sna1l, 'I,! /lerge gold.·~!Eime. (Jepanece
,",omen in peti~ 'Point) .... ".
. '
EA
1
1
BX
PictU.!'e J 0::'1, kneelir.g crab Peddler 'With two
, '/ooe::1 Cl'sto~erS" '.
..
EA
1
ax 1
candelabrum, sihrei; ... omanhnldin,g·,bcr.11 on
1
head ~."j/4 arm !lttGr::hmer,ton tOPf!:'r,fiVecar.-tles EA
EX
EA
1
:!?c··.-'J.: 'P·.'n~h ·E'/lsdle,s,11ve,r., .' :',': .,
EX
chest~~.'~;ive~.4are
'1\/o-c.ra...er
First 'ire...· er -.
spoon, cr.::ffee, s;::l9;Ll
s,oon : tea J m':!d. .
SpOO:1, table, large
Fork~targe
conEiet!ng of:
.
SerVer, 'Pie
, Y.nife, cake large
,SPl')o!:, sOllplarge
:!:.,"ldle, roup, large
.
Spoon, serv:l.ng,large'
Spoon;servingforked,:large; :.' ,
.. Tongs 1 ice 1 srr.ell .... : ..••.'
.
. Dish ::ialt or. pepper; small.
Spoon, salt or IR.Fper.• very 7lmall .'
EA
EA
EA
EA
E..~
EA
EX
BX
EX
EX
EX
EX
EA
EA
EA
BY.
EA
:EX
EA
EX .
EA
EA
BX
F(l'rk 60:.lJ.
Fork 'f1!"!(i:!.I.lIll
EA
BX
EA
BX
Fork large
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EX
Second
,
i'
;
EX
"
dra~~r
Knife, Eml'lll
Kn~.fe, medj tml
Y.n'1fe 1 large'
Fork,
EX
EX
1
1
1
1
J.
1
1·'
1
1
1
1
1
1
~eati
larGe.
EX
BX
EX
EX
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
..
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12
12
~
,~,
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.. ',
1
1
g
1
1:
1
1.
1
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•
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12
12
12
12
,·.12
12
2
�... .
- '"
.
.
.
,
.
- 3
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WT-89 Rug, thrO'w, diamond shape, 3 '3" long ','
EA
l-rI'-12 . Rug, small,' oriental'· .
"','
EA
WT-61 . Rug, 9'9"x6'5" ,b1ue/"'ith pink cenback- .
. '.',
."'.' . ground
EA
WT-76 Rug, 11 '6"x8'3"" red center w/b1ueborder
EA
"''T~50 ,Rug, 11'6"x8.'1" , 40 (!irculardeS1gnsin
, .."
"
' . . . border'
EA
WT-65 ,Rug, 20'x14 '9" ,cream cc1o~ed ..~/center
.
. share 16',8"x10' 11n . , { ' < . . .... ....
EA
i8 "'/w/center"share"10'3"x6'5"
WT-51 Rug, 13'x9
w/rour diamond shaped, blue' center design EA
l!T-55 . Rug, 13'xll'4", .. re<1centersqu£r~,blue. .
'.
EA
, .. ' cornersw/6:side:f'lgures··.·...... ,
\-,"1'-52 Rug, 15'1"x11'9",red cre9lri.end bluew/center
sh'3re 10'5"x5':.!' .(badly ,worn)
"
EA
3
1
EX 3
1
BX
EX
3
1
m 3
1
BX
3
1
EX
4
271'
1
EX
5
432
BX
5'
1
BX
5
1
1
1
30.
1
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'30.
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Fotrr-dra~er chest of silverware consisting of:
First drawer -.
8poon, dessert, large'
Fork, dinner
Knife, dess'!rt
Ladle, soup
Spoon, vegetable serving •....
I
Second dr&er
Spoon, dessert.
Fork I . fruit
Knife I fruit··
Fork, selad
Y.nife, fish
Fo::k, service I
Knife, cake
Fork, cake
Spoc)U, .dessert
I
I
!. ,
Third drawer
?crk,fish, small ...
.Fork:, ·,crab ..orlo'bster
..Knife, crab or lobst~r.
. . Spoon, serving salad.<: .
Fork, serving salad
Server jcake
..
J:r.ife, . !'ish serving',
EA
EX
EA
EA
EX
EX
1
1
1
1
.1
l
BX
BX
EA
EA
EA
EX
EA
EX
--?\-\\
2
6
5.
EX . 1
EA
EA
12
12
· 12 .
EX
BX
BX
EX
EX
EA
EA
E.lt
EA
EA
:aX
EA
EX
EA
EA
EX
B..'<
EA
EX
EX
EA
EA
EX
EA
EX
Fourthdra.....er
'. K~ife, cheese
EA
Knife, 1::utterserving
EA
EA
Fcrk;fish large
EA'
Fork,dessertlarge
. EA·
Knife, dessert
. E.~
Lad',e, gravy seuce
E.lt .
'Spoon, se:-ving,' round ,
.
i
.Fork, serving, large .... . •.
. ,....
.. ,'.
EA
t
'EA
.
WT-63 Rug, 15 2"x22'9"'W/red corner
EA
. WT-59 /~ug, 7'10"x4'9"Bluecen'\.'/red<border .. '.
EA
'~'T-59 Rug;'7.'9"x7' 'w/raisedbr0'\4ndesie;n' "•....
11
EA
P':.7604',·'" Rug, 4'4 x2'8" ,.red;yelld.·! & blue design
EA
"l;
Rug, 8'6"x5 '9", 6.red,4blue ,seOlltric
.
" , . , ' . "",
'-."',-.,:: ':'de~1gris '
'Y.'T ~2 .,Rug, 9' 10" x6' 6",. re~ &c reamw/12 blue animal
.
....figure~ (4 holes1n rug) EA
WT-81 Rug,8'2 11 :x6'9" tati \i/pinkborder,fope design EA
WT-66 Rug, 4 'x2'9u , blue cen3 t 2 I1 xl'10",:':w/browo, .' .
, .' green & red border '.
.. .. .': .
.
EA .
WT ..67 Rug,5'5"x2'Y" J blu.e cen 3'10'l,xl~81.';"\>t/l1ght .
.blue border'.
.
.
EA
WT-57 Rug, 4'3"x2'5', w!modernistlc design \ . ......
EA
r!T-62 'Rug, 4'lO"x3' 5", w/t'Wo \;h1tec.esignsonred
EA
EX
EX
EX
~.
EX
CD
1
BX
BX
:EX
EX
EX
BX
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
6
6
2'
2
2
2
5'
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"',2, .' .
2 .....
'2
· 2.'
1
1
1
1
'1" .
'1
1
1
2
319 .16.
3
468 26
3
EX
EX
3
EX
3
:ax
1·.
.2.
6
12
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1.
1
1
3
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1
3
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3
1
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3
1
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3
3
1.
EX
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�...
u ...
1~:,~ ...~L~ . . " PEPARTMENTOF STATE
..
. WASHINGTON
.
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".,,'
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...... - ...
......
.
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"~:~~..,:.:"~~~).:.~,~<.~~~.:..1"': ~~"
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: Dear. Den:·
. .•.. . . .... ...•• ., .'. '...... '. ·~e:2)cp~rb.n<;~~,p~L,~!~t.e.~~.~~~_~,e.~~!le_go.S~~~EE~g ..," _", __.::.:." :.. ,: ....
. ..w"'':'''~'~'''''"''''':y;?'~~'th$ ~Run~arlan:~Gov¢rmuent.with a .Vie't17 to the settleme"nt ......' .' , .
.
~.~;. ', " o'>:-:;¥'f·"';~~~~~of·;;clf.ti.triStofttJfi1te(.t%St~t~'s~'ltat:~oxtal'97'ag~inst~Hungary-~~" .......:-., '-'.
.':' ' , . . '
for the:Ctak1ng'>of::,prc:>Pertyj:l-7ar damage and certain debts.'
·.The Hungariati:COvernmenthCl.s asserted l! counterclaim for
. appr6y.i1r.iitelY~.~·$6,090,OOO'which is based upon the failure'.
of the<::Urtite.d·.St~t:es.Govcrr'!:;~l.t to return personal
property'of Hungarian nllt!onals that "las taken by United
Stateslu~~i~tLry,;,sut;horitiesil1 Austria.
.
"~~i:.:
'<,. ::"-,
"
.Thepf()p'~rty 't'7hich'for;:~s the basis of the counter';' ......
',' claimcons'isted'pf::thcusands of items of jevlelry,silver~ ..
'.. ware,·porce~ains;:;carpetstfurs, p~intin8s, and similar.!.: ...
. '. itemswhich;:iG,erma.n:and':HuDgaricn l~azi' authorities "took':\,::;:\
'. frcm>Hunga.rian:··le:'ta1S.uho.were ~6rsccut.ed during the' ,:'. [',:,
last'sever~LmoDths:of·V7orld.i·]ar II. . 'Z"ile property:' .' . . ,.:~~/. "
was . loaded,!:on. .s' 'freight, tr.?.:h: of t;;1Cn~y- fo;.rr carsand",.,:".,'·;·'i·',,'
cart'ie&;westvlar'd.,intdAtlstri~~ ··Tha. tr~in 'tvc'lS corr:moniy<\,",'> 0:
·lcnmm····sS'.the''HUngar'lEJ.''l'gold ~~a:inn or the tlt~erfen·g01.4:,\·:· '.'
.trainj'''.probably~:because,it~also carried goldbulli.on,;,\::'
..... that·had,beeri\,takeu"from';'thelTstic-:.i.al llank of Hungary)y.
SixteeIlof,·the';cars.yere·capt.ured by United States:,:>J:';'
. f6rces·.inHay·1945;at·'W.2rfe~~Acstria. Thaproperty·.
'Was unloadcd':from'thetrAin;Dl1d stored for a .tme <in
a Un! ted Statcs;'mllita::y", govGrrtne-.;. t vmrCJ.'lous ec:. t Snlzburg,' .. .
. Austria. Subsequentlytsomeof the most valuable
/
",
,
i
....
.~'
"
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.
,.,
.: ..
:.
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.items
':'"
Benj am in Forman, Esq,uire ~'.
Assistant Gene::calC01..l nsel,
..... .
. Ineernational.Affai.:s ,
'.. Dep'artm~ntofDefenG0.
,:- t
,: ~
.
···.·Group·.5·
..
..... Declassifiad.follot<1ing . rcmovalA~C
'. . •. ··~'.~~~,t,~te.;~;,~~<;~~9~:L,l;cr~';;';~'i
>~~~~ r.·."
.... 1,- •.
~r·'·:<· ~{K":'/··;<
�.. -:-
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...
items 't~creturned· over.to .tlla .P:;ccp m.".:! tory Crn::mitte~ for
·the··Internlltional Refur;co·Organiz2.tibU.· Tht:lt Cotr.mittcc
·.. turned theseitcms ,over to 'tho Administration COt:':'i~lttcc .
, """,,~ . ' . "...~.,pf .. the,.. Toint·Distr:J.but;on:Committc(! for s.nle at auction:. '.
'.' ... 1n:~¢W',\.'fOl:'k,/C~ty;\~~.. The··.proce~ds·\ofthe-lluction nmotmted ',. '.'
••j;;'-.n.'~;' .tq.;.$lt~,6,1'000~,~:";,That;swq,<was>used for' the 'relief 'and'ro·"'""'· ~,- .
" '" habilitation of 'Jews who)lere persocuted by the. Gcrm..'!!.o ',. .
. Nazi regimedur1ng. the~'1a.r. . The Dcp.::.rbc:1t h.:1G little
, additional information:, concel.-nin~ the cicposition or.
......
, bo.lanceo:f~the pt'opel:'ty)pn>tha tl."ain G~,:cept that th .... .:-a1{"
bullion was:returned·tc{;thel:lational Dnnk..of.Hungary.~ ... :~.-:,.~.~.,-~ ..
"'~
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""";~7;,--~':·:\';\;g~T';-:;:y~;''-,f·7I:;';;"j~::,,: ..»7~ }'....,'
... '." _, ..." _._.:. _'" .'...':".'". ~ , . ,
.For;'use~1n."Yeontest:lii~r-i:iie""marlfEi and t4e amount of.
',. the claim,'r:.he:'Depitrt:mont·of .State -~lould'apprcciat(! rc-"
· ,.. ceiving'«1r:;,tn~,:vie~.fs;;of:' thc'Dop3rtmcnt of Dcfcn:::c 't\"lt:h·
'., ret3pcct'<to/~he>legalliability of the U~dt:ct! S!:atc3' for.'
· . '(.111 of.t~e.':'1?rc)pertY"'7hich~~.,ns not .:etur"'-Lca to :r:ungary •.'
'(2) copio(b£.:any<~lnvcntorics of thcpropcrty and of llny
·estimates:':o.g}itsvalue .arid.· (3) inforInotio.l concerning tho"
.diSpOSitiori';i,e((~~l:thccetego::ics oi prc:,crty.
.
, Forth6;"Y~i'si~~~nceof,'thc Dcpart:.:1cnt of Dafc!',se 1n<··
locating:rocords:pe.rtainiugtO .ti.,c r.1:'l.:::tC:'4 thc;:e s.re· an·;.. '
. ,closed"copie,s':of;'s:ccmmuriicaticn frc:'1 HGG UB::'.\. Vienna.'
· Austri "'c.;c",··\nlt ~ (' It'jR'' :to ,r:r'l'"...... "."t"' .-,- "'-4~_' -.,.-.. :r.o·" C/"~ II ..
.,.-:" .,~
...J'"".. _ _
\.I..,.,
. 'No. P 9355"Jda.tGdJUne4~lS46, Cu."1.d a. co;:nmimication £Tom'
' .. HCm';GENUSFA>:ViennaAuzt::i~;cZG:(::j~OZ cL:c Eco~1.u to
\;;r.
......
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nOSCAD, ~··Ho •. ~/P_'2l33~.dct:ed'J\.ll:Y 16, :5!:-3.
.. ..
.... . ,.:, .....
.
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.
. Should~epresentktiv\!!softhc Dc-i1artIDcnt of Defense
'.
. desire . anY.'ia~ditional'informQ.ti,on· it is' Dusgestc:dthat~"'"
. they telephbne:Mr~.George trl.,Spengler, Office of the. Legal
Adv1Ber~Cod.e>l~2"!extenBion2472. .
..... , .
!
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Enclo.:uras:
.• Lc.ou;;!rd C. 1-1cekor
The LC;3a.l Adviser.
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IIi reports of the Mon~entsi Flne Arts and Archives Seotlon (MFA&A),
. USFA ret'erence 18 made to: . ,
"
,""
p.5,' n#16- I large 81zePerslan;~g'(badlY worn). ThIs rugwasre- .
movedfrom.SohlossMltterslll.· It Is not oastle, property ,
and Is'of no Interestto anyot the Art Missions -(Ie. re";;
presentatlvesot' cle.lm.a.nt' govermnents). RecanmeDdtha. t 1t,
. '. be . released .to the ··UnitedSte.tesQuartermaster.
p.7,#II 6- Schloss:Fl schhornb~l'~Zell-am-See ••• "The' tollow
n
furn1tur~andrugswerebrought· to the Sohloss by the S5'
was 'lett,there toruse>lndependents' billets. It will'
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eventually be. dlsposed'otbythe United states Quartermaster,
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Roussin, Lucille; Documents from unknown source [2]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 111
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-roussin-lucille-documents-from-unknown-source-2
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/08032651369aa45ceb5d01f0106c21b9.pdf
326854067205c35e7ef55ab57075b841
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The sources said the dcalh sentence wns c1r.ter
minr.d !;ev~rnl weeks ago nt 1'1 m(';elin~ of hlgh
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cO! ,nr.clion with the convcntion of the Communist
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pOpOlilr support for its ilclions i1gilin~l the Cilrdir
tholic. 13y this .urnngement Ihe Government hopcs
to ~ivc the ilnpression that the trial is non:political . The sources !:ilid Ihe oppression'in HlltlP'illy n
rivals thill orlhe Arrowcrosspro-Nil7.i rcr,iIII !!.
:in ch.utlclcr find the responsibility for,l!tesentcnce
fi\lIs to Minds7.enly·s rcllow.CilLholks',
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The sorces said the HungdriilnGovcrnment is
now circulating petitions nmonglhe.peasanlry.
The petitions demilnd that the Cardinal' be given
'Ulu! CI/)eof.lu!r ~()(loy
the extrcme pe1l1'l1ly.
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.
, Th~ Vl.tnn. Mrl~l\fl'll'l!!le.1 $1.lll'n rrc.lich d"",I)' .'r,~'rr
TI;e pennltiesfor not sIgning are "made expli
~nl' .. '~lIs Inr Iltr Alpine ,di.lrlcU ~nd Ihr II.nllhr 't~i<'''.
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citly clcar", By circulatin~ thepcUUon, the Go-. rtt!.. rnr A;'" Ilue I'rr"rch A m"~;n""n fr"'l'rroh," or I~'
Tulln
tiel:
, vcrnment Is ,trying to produce at least a lormol, , pntl • m!nitnun' l'I'n'r.tr31I1re .,r 33 del!re~s' Inr loday, ,
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to', a decision by the,'st~te' Departmant' at J7ash1ngton,
tJ::e Hungaria."1 orown of' 3t.Stephen t7111 not be ,l;1ven'to the pre
1::"".J.c.apest Gove.!'!l3e!!.t but to ,the popeior,De.feguerc!ing. This' sacred ,. '
synbol oi the EU.l'lgurinn ha.tion had 'been recovered in South Ge
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5,· lie b;:,1i~wp. it G·d\'is~ble·thnt. el;t coron~tion retalie.
in custod~:by US euth at 1 place 'lind
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�OKIGINATORS FILE r·Jo.
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USfA fV1ESSAGE FORM
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CLASSIFICATION ..........................,............_____.:::___............................................................................_.,..._.__._..........____
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Il';?'O: CSCAD, nrR O[i:G .3,AViJUA, El'C~~ FORIRCf DIT f::1'.AR:.'!IOl~'
M:D E~'rrrt;"TIGN BR OMGUS KARLSRuHE FOR. 1l1:iTER HOl;'AIID "
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;.S £uf,.rcsted :in i:,X':o8631 frc!ll Dept, of ,thei.rmy ... ~'·agfTee that.
[(t:';::clic;, in your cm.;to::'iy and in' Ol;.r c:us:to~y should be, :;,
,bl'()·G,:bt. -i:,cfr:-::!"::r:r" J!" ';)Otl cO!lr;:<lrsv,~&,cst you,i'O!'1':'m'd to 'offies of f,~U:ttl!~_"Y'
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, 16 Septe:ber
19~
Sr:r3JEC'l': Trunsfer of :ung.e.rian Corcnct~on Regalia.
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Ci~i1 ~fcirsSection
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1.x~,Ke!:.Dedy. Pto;erty Control
&. Restitution Section
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1. 7.'X-~)3r'Jl, datedJ Sept~b(!;r 194~. trc:n CSCJ.!) stctes
posi tiQ::l cf TJ. S.' Gov~r!l.c-:lent, :r;-egardine> 6:!fel;eeping of Hungariall oOTon::±io!l
rC€ E .lie :::IY~ £pp'.;.rte.!lt.nces~~ich s=e presently in custody. of U. S.",
aut~orit'ies in Ger=.eny iDa.AustriE.~ It was reCo:!::!lendod that sucb.'
p:::-o:perties be <:sse:rrble,i in me' p1ece md' sU::'sested that U5:.Aand (.r.:nus ' "
..rrp:-l€ e for t.he 'tr:l'!"\sferof the Ccr~n:;.tion Robe of Se.1nt Stephen to a' '
Q.'!sit;:1atec place of sE.fekeeping in Gt::r::l:-..:::lj'. ' CC-5~?4, dated 11 Sejlte.pbCI"
194':', frc::: G.r:n:s. 'suggest s that th~ ITun,J"risn Coro!l8 Hon Regalia in"
Cllsto!y of '[T':::~A hl brou~~ht to th~ CUicecf, 1.~litE.ry ,Government for'
Bi;.v.::.ria in ace c:'ccnce 'dth' reco::::nen=... tiO:lS set tortb'in 7i'X-9S631. 'l:!S?,A
ccnCll.!'S ~ith p:-oposds sugee~tedllbove, and in ,2.!lEWer to C'O-5~~4. ,notified
C:'~DS t!:u:t l'.iss Tucker.,ofRD&.ti Di,'1sic::l,' m:.cJ..,' bas been deSignated, the
Offici"l:-~pr~::;e;'l"t'II,!;i'!fl ofthisBe~r;.u~ter's to deliver, the corontt; ion:
robe to tt::€ cu::.;tc<1.Y of the,centrel ColleCtingl'oint.l.hnich. on 20 Sept
,
2.
fi~l::bo!'iud,to ,releusetbe 5ungar1t!.n" Coro:o.a;;.1o::r Robe:
yot.:::- CtlstcC.y,:to !:.issTucker:ror delivery to t1:nich in
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DOW be:ld 1.0
(signed.)
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J AI.:!':.S 1.. GAo":tR IS ON
Cb,ier, RD~-q Division,.
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�SFBEST!
Felea,ne of :2t:n£D..rian Coronation ReGalia
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Geof;'rey Z'=yes'" lii;:;h Oo:::r.isdcner" US Forces in Aus'tria .. dated 20
te:rJ:i6!" lSl~8,the u:cdcrEipleccertifies' t!-.n:t he ha.s received tot.;J.Y
Eis Excellency, The :Fti!Jc~ ):oiibish!:)? o!" S~hb~b'" Dr. An:!reaa Rohr
ache!'" I the fC'llcr... i.ni items listed below whiohare ~he
of the F...1.l1j:;arilCi coron'ltio.ll r~guli&.and e.PFurtc~a!lccs
l:;uarc by ::::is T:::r:ce!lenoYI "
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If':1CY, :::'.• .i.::r;.r-C!l·!; ?ohrach:::r. is,hGr:<;by released of· all,
sibil1 ty ccnc.t'rr~i7l: t:'is. p:-cfe:-ty.
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'·ooron.etion .robe of saint ste'pb.an,':',J:%'e~tli,:t:
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the ccr':'r:.~t~~:h '~91:'~ ·et ::Elib-i;rg.·.: :,et!Jr:.!'~.
sf::;1~day tc Salz::,urg e!::i e..'!''ran£ec.f.cr e cc.:l:feren~e.:.Hb the
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"Die :.:r£r1i:aniscbeRs,gie!"I.!::l£ ·.:ird
. P€C-eC6;;en Zeit c.e:!!:ige::tue::..er d ure h
eendige !~rchlic~e(brip-keit una die
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ri!?htful c','I::'2ris--the :1!.1n;;:"sria.n cetholicchurch. the 2unge.rie.n
as-e'-:;h,,=le, cr the·?·.l!1fari~nG-::vern:le!!t. :1e ste.ted·that·these crcy.ffi
ree;alia heve always been in c~stdl.Y of t::e--:-churd·!l'i'niiu::l~~ry. 'since
.i2t~:cent-ury.
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'ihe wcrds underlined· i::l2nQ rer;.:lested
doc u:ne;)t de ted i.5 June 1945 when .:?'.l!!.gcxiE:rl
. b~.. ::12. Gcvt.2. uthcri ties,. toJ.rc hbishc p ::.:·brecher. ~K:'T:E:
.
be !:.0ieo. in this cC::l!leciion.that'this dc.=ument 'cc'es ;..; ('1' stete .thet·
erc?;bi~b(j:;; w2.s eppcint6d!:iErely es cust(cien '1':'~ile further
by 1.:i1. C~.vt. is deterwinea", as'stated'in Ca;t. Sell:e'srsj:icrt
June 19h5.
c. Replied tc:' Dr. ?cb.reche~ that r felt assured his
se:1te::lce #1 ''.'O'.llc be C• Y"": , c by 'I::t-" sU:ileri::rs. ~t1t thatl nes
~c,J.. "I1~C'·'''''·~':'~''''' .1 n '''''n.a.:,c;~'t'e· ';:2 "·0:.11c'" ~l! e·'T'-""'.... ved·
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requeste5. thE.t. he shculd be given a pr:::;per receipt by us after
release of th~ ;roperty: hes· bee:! ei'fecte'5.by him.
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E. :t was aouerentthe1cnlv ~!tb cc~sidereble e~prehensicn
!i()h=C<C~1 er ceree- tc' t:,,,, prcpcse5- sc2t:!tior.·. H.e s.te.ted" tnet he' e1
jurisciction to rer;-Ein ;·;it!1ihe':i.S. ~::;Yern!r.s:::t.·
he referred tc -::h<.> d·:'(;u.~n.t of lS .~;l:!e'.1;~5 :::.:' tc. the
bei....: re t1~ ,,~~.:} '.' ~':) ,',:"" ':."'.~ ::et::r!1ec. to ::o;n:'er"in 154;':5~·.',.~(.,-,7';.;'h;.1:.·c~h7:w~.e;::·~-;:~:;~-':~71
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1. 'O!l the mOrning ~f ,23 Sept 4B., while I vas at the
Collecting Point ,in lJu.nich':on TDY,.subJect Robe ms brought to
Collecti.cg Point by two .kileriee.!l' soldiers.. who' had it CXlcO!l.9i~'."":F':':';
!:lent ,for deli:rery' to me from ,the 'Properly Control & Festitut
P.=a"1ch ot Zo:Je, eo.::.:::nend Austria, Salzburg.
t,
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gave
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the ~ol~er8 a receipt tor the Robe,a.od. released','" ',,"
it the sl:!.!::le 'da.y ,to':r.:r.. &rbert S.leone.rd t Director at tbe Collecting"':;,'
Point. Botbreceiptsare in our"files.
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U. S.PLAFJfWo:tx:JRETURN ,
OF ST. STEPHEN'S CROWN
Jan,
De
WASHINGTON"
12 (OIl) '.:- A
State
partmentspokesman ,today. said' at a press
con
ference that' the U~ S~ has DO
plans to return the
crown of St. Stephen to Hungary. He said
the
' crown is in the 'hands of the 'American
authori·
ties in Germany and that~ as far cs
he knew, tbe
Hungarian Government had made no official
request for it:", ' , " ' "
' ,
iI" The crown dates back to the year. 1000,
when
: Pope Sylvester IIprese::!ted it to
Kmg Stepben
'I alter Hungary' had beCome a Christian nation,
The U. S.' Army found it in 8ll Austrian salt
mine in 1945 and has held it since, while Ameri
cans have protested an increasing wave ,of reli
gious persecution in Hu:cga.'1'.
Rohrocher Urged Crown"
Be Held; Says Red Agency
VIENNA,
-::,-pri-} , Rohracher isJan. 12 (APA)haV'f~Aust:ianArchl?ishop
alleged, to
asked Francis' Car
clinal Spellman in New York, to pre\'ent the return
CrOWD
home
.----------~-~~----~~~\
of the Hungarian St.,StepheD's agency, toquoted by.
he11 countrY. the Hungarian news
it~
thE:'
ved
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AFP. said today. ' ' , '
'
. The news agency publisbed'a letter pUI)lorting
to come from Rohracher and addressed to Spell~'
man, According' to' ,thi,s letter, Rohracher asked
Spelhrianto mee't Josef Cardinal Mindszenty who
'also wanted to see thf: U, S. President. Mindszenty,
the letter' said, had requested Rohracherto arrange
this meeting in order to effect the transfer, of .the
SLStephans Crown' to the Vatican. , '
','J ~ view of the present, political situation,a
Tctur:l of the crown toH:.lngary would mean a loss
of this valuable article"" the letter said. '
.. A recdmmcnnilij(.ln, sent by yow Emin,ence to
1;~~:,:,r.J Clilj' wO!lld uodoubtedly help in 'this
Ilndcn;;king, which, ,would be received with great
s1ti~fa!.ion by the fa.ithful of Hungary:'
'
~. Hi~,Er.I OFFICI·ALDENIES'.~
j\RIVrS PURCHASES.HERE<;',
\!:;'r'·'tiA . .lem.n '/Reu:!;cr),- The .!sraelirepre
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fer: J'!litt.!'Y CoV~.c:l~ wl';11
ci c:-.¢ r::i t!. c:.n '!. lj t'. r:t.c!-:d. r. c~ c-' . '
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t~ E~~e:lCe:u.'C;llc' Cill.;.::-cl:;; in j~l 19!t5.[o!'ter hrnne !"iret. (lbte.1~.
t~H! ;:op;:s.'.iI J,(Oi":;:1~oli. 1'0:: this tre.ud'er. eoCO!"t~P"b to ,,"e.:"W etc~t o.f
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,20 lU.::J.Iet11~5)J.; :1ie,.:oy£l'hcu~!..cld£ilV8::' ~ nlease!tor resttt:ltiCl1""
e:. 1 fu:::ch 194"( (P.c¢cipt No. 1'-:26). £.see ~t o~ Hwa~-1Q cle.1Ql'b.I{'.;'\':
lelt fc:: !!:it: e:oo..rt :::'1\"6:•. '"
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t-..! tic:) 'i=. .!-:.r.,rd -l91!E \ (a~..::L :-;.:,. 60;1) I hl';nroTG.:', n:; i~ au Sl:rticn' lflaB' t.:~u-.a,
bo:o tl-u £. D!x.\ clon C:l £;:.:~jp.ct :;;.r.tt~ (4&\<a t!'.A!;np-r~eemt-eC ::it: :-:::rcl.t'· . ,,':::;.~
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he l:S.S .£7.i:prce:-r,cd·:;i:',
ty I=c.re.:::.=.~cl cf ~c.!!Gedt:.4~S t:; .rel&(lSc~~c cc"'-...nstia:. :'1lc;:U1.o',1n::;\;~::':';':.:",
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i!! t;"-~ch 't.~le J..rchb:!e?lo,pt=&ercq..teat6d.cot tc:rulee.ee the ccmMtic:::.;.:cbC.:o 'l';#J;
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. ,.~~",' r..., OJ: ... ~..: .. ' "'t·,c:;:' ','h o.:::. e:'" VQ LU. e 1'10",-.,. C; f' '- ..... to'.l.. t', ,..,.£"........ ',,:':", -;..... l- .... :;:;,,::;:., ..,: :;r" ;':.~.'•...
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cfle '::'::-::-i:~T):<';:-l:<;~. T!c :;:::,tte.:-·t:":::.c !'l.:tcil.y docbls cottle5.'c."ld thecorc:u;'
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l.P0 777, u~ s •. J..:rr.:y.
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....
TC: _ _.... ~mQ· tor the' Fi le .
!
l~ ~i th referenceto.th~'Dally
!~oteof 18.ranue.ry:}.949X{:\"
Briefing
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on subject matter~. it, is desired to add certalnE:.dditionaf'com:nents.:'to .
~
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this cese es a r::atter .of,fu;ture.record.in'order.toclee.r. up'certain},}<,~
discrepancies '\vhich
ar~ app~ent wh~~' ~tUdy1~: the documents: on' :;i~~::'l='>
.
., ,
' .:, :~:id~~;·,,:~'l\·,1,::~~:..,:, " ,
'
It \'ias
this Division pertainine to Bub,ject mtter.
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p:::-opriate to efer to,tbese discr~pancies in the,Daily Brie1'ing)~~e'
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r.bich '\Vssprepered for the generalinformationct'
on subject' metter.
heed· of tb.~ ;:£1 no.' Rel.·>F.t.&l.; Divi.sion, in his. report of
n£ Officer'
to ,L!'c~:-·"t~,l;(ipn::l!lrBCber of
13 Jc.rgi'::~~.' 1?
-
.'
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•
•
• p:Jr. b) .• another glaring err,or\vesco~tt
;:,.
&:lb~ >~~':,::fj'r;g
1.:1.
18 Ju.'1e1945 (ref. De11Y,Brie1'
the
".),
HUDcarjeU:l Cro\7I~ T.reesur~found
Dn~'.lm.!"nt.s
onrne . indicate that, . Capt~ .Selke
,:
.
.
.':
.
.
u recd.,Pt as. having rece'ivedfrom·Lt •. 5!lea
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1:3
June
,D~t£::~b",r~:'L ;,qt:
i
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C''l.1y the itemsor<the crown.treasure 1'ound.by:Lt~"'Sbe,&ls'::i
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,
crOTin
to'.'
t::'eacure, including the Holy Cro7:D •.tbeOrb. Sceptre ,etc~, U'bicb . '
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part .of ,the treasure was tal::~!lunder:U.S. c:us to::y,
.
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!Jai ly Brl ef ins Note t Pi!r ~2) .,: Capt. Se l)tec ould not have,
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.
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these particular item.s since tbecro\Vn etc. had. been
r
~t the7tbJ.rr:u" Interrogation'Cente,r' in
.
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probebly bappenedwas,th:lt',cap i.Selke.iTitb6ut
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since
c;:,.k!.ne
l:'c
invento:::-y t took over the "l:ettsee';p~t of 'tbecroWD t:;-ea.sure:
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,Sbea c::ld then signed arece'ipt;forthee~tire crown ,treasur,e'
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.on c. ?.:lngo:ie.n:nventory l1stoi~thecrcr.n treas,ure dated in
,
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Thi S ,as su::Jption 'is·' verified. by the follcdngeentenceat
.
.
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CDpt.~lke';s receipt,', 'traIlslat1()n 1T£de fro:n'orisinal ,:lIJt.a.!';W~;J
list bto EnElisb at
•
b.
!.i?tts!;!~C~lC;.: .rune 19:;Sby
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Cc.p~~Selke in. effect Sign6!
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,':hi ctl h,: :.l'nO [lc,t'.lE.lly
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e receipt for
'
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neve~re~~ived:
,""
C!lE.:"les
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.
u~eliable
. Selke r S ::,vc:ltory c.ated:18 J~!le 19l;.51~prcbab1ythe
.
J.,:'::!), :::,r;~!"f.C);:1:1e 1· and was
.
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(Tee;::!))'!')
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1uter .ehi !lj:'e: ,toC-eI4....any.,
.
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.1S ,Jllne 191+5" signee b~' .the ?'rine!
•
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the Archbishop received, into ,cnstodyn"ot only the
stephan and
t?e
coronetionrobe,.but elso a pert otthe
. ·····t'
sil v~r of Emperor Fra.:az .rosef.In his report of'.l9.1une
.
.'
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Selke ste.testb.et tb.ecourtsi1v~rT;as;e.ssigned to
'.:.
e.ckno\':l~d£e ~
elsa ", the' rece i:pt,~r two" bate s ,of oaterials-:--t!le:
.
'.
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bishop therefore coulc! not have .received:' this court
It.
T!:e ::')':.tteror the court silver 'vas bro~sht
for tbe first time b~' ;.rcbbisoop,'Bohrecbtr on 16
fro:n bis custody i:lto dire:ct
U~S.,:cc:ltrol.
.'
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sig!'\ed in
JU:le
,
',
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19L5 for,the
"
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he h~d [~c".':![;1.)y :iet received, E1le.heo:as pleased
t~is
... _.
occasion. e." "'"
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?cb.rach~rts
request,let
�.. )
fO~'a reccr~
tbe Archbishop's possession to
for
the court silver lre.S not released to him but was assisned
ItH. Oovt. Property Control Section.
.
. 5.
..
Besides tbe
.','.
.. ..
"
..
inconsisten~y<i~ the.
of 16 Ju.he 1945 as having
giv~ninto'the' custodypf Archbish~p' .
Rchracher, (8) the .'Holy Hand ·of St~Stephari, (b) .the co!"onation
.
..
.
.
.'
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f.
) '
8::e (c) the royal- silver, . Cap~.Selke in: a separate report
,_
Co:::::e.oo ing Officer(Lt. '. col •. J"~zC.o) ,> dated 18 J"une 1945,
• Ueteriels Entrusted to Custody of the Prince Archbishop of ....... ,...... ~,r.u.. '"
. included in the specifici.temstur)lecl over to th,ecustody
.:
..
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,
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:-:::::ince J...!'ch:'isbop e.lso a pair of gloves purported' ~o h!:.ve
.
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by Y...ine Charles nrat his coronetion~, (r.bicbare .!lQ! 1hted. iD;tbe
'.
.
official transfer docU!:lent 'Signed. bY;hrcb~is:"opHollracber) •.,.l=-.
·
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Erousz v.as interrogated in SalzburE.on 2 J"ulY'1946by Art l:lte __.. c._._
·
·
.
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..., '
"
C;ficer, 1st Lt.";;,:;. Rorn regardiDg the missinB Elove,.but ... . . . V'~"':L..
,'.
statec '!:hen. thnt he did net nct'uallysee the. gloves" of Cberle
. ~·;·:::~~."·..:.':".·. ·:~;::.;i~5..;. ":',:,;~~,,: :': ~:i. ::::~ .:':.F';.. ,':
I.rGtts~e en 17 June 1945 but did believetbey \j'erethere.
I?:..
,
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.
.
i:-J'!'e::"rG~:e'tj(,:;/; ,:",:-,(;'t'JJ";f:.:r.-:h~~uestiori if the g~cvescr
,
..
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IV were ~C'.tll::-;llyrr.es~nt E':nd i:we:::.toried..at ;·b.ttsee
�·'
" '~ •• ,raztas askedpe.ther strasser
, , into h1s eustocy for.se.fekee,A)ing, 'two wooden'
-;. ,
boxes containing:",'
.,'<:
50Z:
'.
1: ( ..u.srr.all
st •.
\'\'Ood e n
step~.:
b oz ) , Tb.e hand
"•
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'Boz2: (Alonsrecte.ogule.r box) '- Tae"
eoatc.ndthesl'oves of, Charles'
,
.
....
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.
st:ragser, took ,the t\';,obc7.esinto
":,.
~ere
'.('',"
'
set up, in hit:;' drl:ming room, c,amoutlaged'
the ouestic::J . of --- 'o~ two
one
...
.
bo:r.~~·,'or: court
.
,'
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Treesure, Lt. Sbea
'i :.
bev:: with iron
f[!5t~JDings
plctes (dlver?)".
v:as
',: .
f,n:315.1le.r states a,s:rollows
, COn.::lection:
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- - - - _ . - - - _ ... _ .
-
-
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. "1:1 e.dditionto tbe .e.bc-re :t1.iO bc:r.es,
. agreed to take inbls. custOdy a box.
T?Ye.1 housebold. s1ivenre.re.Tnis bax:. r.as
o
•
'
,
.
.
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e. tool hut •.: ••.•. strasser believes .it . res
. box e:r;;rozio.s.te size 100.
.
~ . 100
. . . . . . ..' < .......•..... '
:z: 50
C:!3·.:;
"'1"
".
.'
It s!wuld be notedtbatLt.S':.ea's report of"July
. '.' .
.... .
1946
e beevybez nlth i~cn :re.~teni~s(orpoSSib17 entirell~
'i!lte:-:;o~aticn
"hidden
Tc?ortof
.
in
1.~.~:'Ot!s'Zot ':rU1Y~94f
'.
the tool hut !.t,'Uattsee •.••
,.
.
refers
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.
;
it r.e.s!OuDd. .
.
.
.
consist of en iron chest,approximate, size::.. 60.' x . 100,;: '130,cm .
.
.
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the box nas roun':L toconte.in'the . table'!iet of
Josef J fro::J the royal castle, in Budapest'.
£hen
to
the facttbat there;~rts(m thef~rs~
{in the toel hut) refer to
Lt. Col. Heller, the Prope~~~Co:ltrol' Cf!'icer:signe3.,
of !.;:e.terie.lq onlS June
lShS 1!•. 'ldtwo bo:r.es(2ii'ocden
. tbe court silver.7.'ere releese:' .fcrrestitution in
,
, .'
.
7.
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7be in't'~!ltory ~aeo::: 1 july 1946 by lor.
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(1)1. .ro11 ofpaddiIlg sewed in ce:.lbric
(2) . .A rcss1 robe (embroidered)
.
-
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.
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·ltel'!l (b~l)';
I
(3)
it. 1eatber;letteree.se containing old
(not inve~toried)
No previous reference is foutdintbe records of tbe
..
:
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'
cases (listed asIteln e.. e.bo~e)~; asbavingbeenc'onnected
Tr~asure.H~~ver,:·L!r •. Scbl'lar:z.enbacber,.
EiuDBerian Cr-oVm
",<, ..•:,-,",
.
'.
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' , '
Septemhe~
to the J.rchblshop.aildJ!r.Kenncdy: stated on 20
these two boxes had been stor.,d 'in. the treasuryi of st.
'salzcurg,neur the. one large :wooden box. contdn.1ng
robe end it was,:tberE:foret.8~sumed that the two iron cases,
.
. ";',
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Fil.:.ngs.rian origin, . . ·l~~ScbrlCtt:z.en:baclier· wes, not·lnSalzbul"g:.
,
,'.,'
1945 end had joined the, seM'1ces ot.tbe Archbisboplater.
-.
;:;ith reference to.tb.e:~ d1f~icultyencO'.lDtered.in
.8.
.
.
1946
r~
'
"
.
returningtbe.: coronationr.cge.lia
,~
.intodiree~
U.s ..
e.part fromtbe drita mentioned·1::ithelast. pe.re,;repbof
Eriefing Note of
.
18Je.nti~rY·1949 ~n Silbje~t~tter.·
".
.',,(1.(/'/'
..
Rohrecber stated to thewri teron lJ3 September 1948'
Secretary
h~dsigDea
the
~Kennedyll1nventcry
conte.i ned the fol1oITine ste tenlent ,:. ...
"'.I'heseobjects 1'1i11 be held in
Excellency the Prince . .A.rchbi.shcpof Salzburg
a c.ispositio:lilil1be.=ade througb
,
,
: '"":,,,-,- .
"
.,
Co::::cission . in Austria·.....
.
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't~ l'~ .... ":"
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be (Dr.' Rohrecber) had not 2een this inventory
~d
signed it himself ,.sinc~· the, P.oly He...'lo' ,end the
'I
c:oronation~obe>.
..
turned aver to, his full control-by thco:rrieial' transfer doc:
..
.
'
..'
~-'
'
,.
"
tb!!se properties were then turned over ,to the
in ,order
'
Xeepine(to be turnedOver attbe proper time to the rightful -_"_,'_
"
,
Government and tbe 'Ecclesiastical Authority" ..
refer to enyfurtber jurisdiction of the; U.S. authorities
the future disposition of,
September
1948
corons.tio~
pri:t'larily the result' at, this, dOC:UlIIentof
,7D.S
1945 by \~hich,
theresal1a~" The difffculty
tber~ll.eontrol'
in the Archbisbop's opinion,_
robe, etc ••. ";~s given into the hands of the Archbics
and., h'!!lcc, the Ro1!le.."1 Catholic Cb.urcb.
or::thecoronatlonrobe"prob:~
to tbe.Archbishop re disposition
not bave ,been written tn. the
.
.
CerdinalJ.!i.nd.szenty's.,
~'ame
.
form,'
.
i""':'':!;':;:;;'';'}:';;
.
,
~.'
.
itself as being in full, possess'ioll.ElJld·controlC?f, the 'eo:roJla';lC1I!
•
<
•
71;0 trensletioninto Eilgl5.sb 'Has
doc~nt
of 18Jlllie
that the • .;,T'zhb5.~:;()p
,
" .
,to do
~,O
.'
;
••
e:ppe.r~ntlyn:.d~'~f 'tbeiMnn'\"t.J~1
1945,', iluicb ,translation would, have'r
m'!.D
desigoated as
until furt:':(".r. dir,,],o::ition is deter1:lin~dby\the
.
,
,
..
-
.
,"
"
..
1,,:,' Lb~ C::,:,~,jjn~l l'.nd' be bad given bis
"
'
·:.fl.;;',::,,:,;,"!';;"':
�~.:
'::':".~.':
..: ':
...
.....
""""-:-':'.:_.,
....
... :.:.::":- ....
' . ,.
.. - ... '~"-::'.::::....
"
. . . . . . . . . . <0 . . . . . . .
.
.....
..
::~:::"' ,
...... ". .-
,
--..
.. '" .. ..::.:. ',,:,
~
... ~ _-:..-:::.:. ..--,
• • • r ••: ' : : : , . . . . . . . . . . . . .:
...... ::::,-':':,:...... .
'".::'~:
',:::',:::':-:::: .:,.,
....::~::::::. :::::::':::,::.:
:. ~ .. .....":::;: ,:.::::. ::.:':::::
"
....::.:"::::..
'
..... ...
'
,;"
.........
,:,::.;'..:...
"
,
........ , '
...........
:...: ,:,,:
','
.
I,
",
..
.....
�FILE s MIse 386.5 A:rtistic& Historic Propert;y....
DOC
t'
X FEF2
.:,'
,
-,
HISTORIC PROPER1':Y
:
.'
,.
.
"
",
'.':
':"- ARTISTIC P,lWPEltt'!:;
/
.;\
""
.
'.
" ..
' , ; '.
.
.'
"
.
Garrisori in New :YorkTimes; 16 Augllst:1965, nUungaryl s'urt,wn:;
IslIIn Trustlt butU.S.Won't Indicate.Whel:"e.~::;Rererence:-to··ca...rwn' , . . ' .
".
given by Pope'. 5ylvester II to . Hunfa.riap~;)dng·~tephen't.en centuries: ago,.' ................ .
given to American troops for safe:i(eep,ing:froin Russians near end ot World,>:" ..,
War II.. Apparently, State Departmenthasit;'J}ow .but retrains from giving':' ....
information.
OC}ru contributed information·that we have no record that',
crown ever came into Army hands. Historical Properti~s Branch may have \'.
been the OCHU office giving the informat1on~.,.
.
" '.
"
Art~leb./ .Lloyd
"
"-
.",
'\,J?:~:i\"~:,~.,::
, ." :",":.~,';'"
,'-,'
.
,
,
:':' ' ":::-.,.
-.;.~;
,
.. '.
,".
"j,-
mm GJ,.Rl1~ CROViN
,
Captured by U.S.
b~i1i tary
'
1., Aug ~l
forces
Inform~tion re ~bove
B..'"ld all othersWlar matters of captured objects ot
art and treasures is available. in Department of State - Arts and MOltlUl:Il8tLT,8
Officer. Ilias Ardelia P..a11. Ext. 3660 (per:Mr. TaggaI'ti) •.•
',' " . .i."
-'.
..
,,'
\~~"
'..
',-
�· -~:y~' ,:«<:- <
1!:"f1l'.p;:}~~,
,.,t'.'·
, ..... •:J<~.
,
.
"
-
~
#
.• '
.
- '
,';;.a,
;
'~.'
i
!
r·
I
I
i
.. "
...-;,:
�j
j
j
.~. ,,~:.,<:",±.\.-;,.,.:\.I:.. ........
..... '
',.,
':", .....
'
~~..:~-~
..
.
j
.j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
1111"i
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
��'::."
::.
The Crovm of St. Steuben. '.
"
I
.
I ca.'L."r1ot conceal tbe obj ection.s,
.
~
t.
~','. ' :bave
in
,
.
. . . . .
"
invitation to give a.::'eoc.l~opinionupon,the Holy.Orcwn of."
To reliablyjuc1g~ a' relic of sucb. a s'ingl.llar
,
,
; :-
,
"
:\'
significa!lce fro:l the' viewpoihtof::fine'arts requires tb,e
i .
'·
I
:-:inute
eJ:E.mi
nation of its.stYle.andtech..~ical fashioning •.
.
".
.
,
tho::::,ough knowledge of tbe ,Cro\\'!l' 1'00 not 'possess.
"
j'2useli::! Association by tbe. display , oftbe' Crovm on:oc,casiono~:~:it.~.';,;: ~i'~i~;~;
1928 Budapest Meeting ob11ges!Ile"
to'here~ith ,SUb~it"in, wri;~~:<:"
. . '. q<!~~E~:: '.'
impressions on this i,nstructi ve, :tbougb: short· inspection./:<:';~/.
Tbe Im/Jer part of, the HolyCroviIl,,<tbat
.._"
.
.
.
fied to be of Byzantine .origin dat~ng f~om:approY.imat.ely·,·107
is no longer a. problem..
i
. ,-;'"
,"
,
Because,tbeprevailingconditi Pn§l:.'a17;,.",.:.'.'.:,.<::;::,\',',:,:,~,~ ~:':f': "I,
c~ntered:my
. '-.
only a brief inspection, I
.'
attep.tion
,'"
,
especially to both 6:rtb~ cro!?seda,;c~, and will
.
' " ' ,
'
,
.
.
herein to tbis section.E-.A:8.i:dnation. from tbe standpoint:
.
,
. ' ,
'
arts
must dee,l m2.:i.nly· ,·;itbthe. cuestion:" :'.
,- "
-,
-'., "
on the arcs, which are regarde6
.
of St. Stephen oon2tea
!
I.
not ll..."'ltil a£tc:'
i;} ...,,'.
as
":: :: ':,
i
·:,':\\;·;j:~t,~./:.'·,,,
;, .'
'. '. '
tbe remaining part,~~£7i:"
, ' , .':.' ,. .\::, )""~~:tn:~;~~:<"\;:',:: :'-" ',: : : -:;.::
G:~:7;2.C:pown· whicb::means' arounp
.,
i
.
.1100rJ:ii7:."
".'
. plcaccd' fo:;:,
of
I'at:i.ons.
'.
,
.
�'.
"
",-,
(?::'2..Dslation by Li"iison &. Protocol Section, 0I1GUS, G~901,:
'.
','
'"
""
as
.',:\',~:-,:;,<'
, ,";:'
';.:~':;'>:: .~:':'..
»
~ result of the ex8.!Dination,
:~.;~.>::~;,,;, ;?-~.:k't '
. ;....\
,I
,\
j
:r: bave'been .inclined ....to,takettbe~,.otber' ~~~;
" ';":"
;·'·<';:>::::;:Y'·:\:-::·:'~;~·~:~.{/;\ :\·'\~-'~'1.":
-'
'!~]"
view wbicb, in its essential poiIits"agreeswitbtbat ofFranz:,B()ck·'.::,'"
:::::: '
-.
,
' .... ,'
""""",,':'
,
-' ,.'::
"'."-,
'~,,~::;':':':"'~"'(';':Ji~~'~;"':':'\':'"
" ,'-: ",,'
~:.':,.
and of the Hungarian' scboiars Arnold <'Ipolyi , Bela CZObO:t;', .. F~~·~~;i'.}~a~i'~ics)~~~~;<
,
~C
.
'
"
.
• -
.'
',1'~'- ::'.':"'~':"~::';'~ ~1'.i.;'::':' ',;;::','...
'
i, '.
~"
=';-: '
,tborough;,~;;;;:~'
Elemer v. Varju whose opip.ion is,.derivedfrom a
:!~:~~.<
of tbeCrO\':n.
!;! ~:::
Byz~tine
,Too few
and western cloiso!llle, r,elics
and their dates can'seldom be fi:ied~ so.tbatb.y~imerelycb,","""."'''''~f:)
against their styles' tbe 'enamelpm.:ntizlgfj) ontbe Crown.a.;rcs\c
be determined as.
,."",
:
,';
' • . .
.
•
.' :' >! ,
' •
".~
•
",
.
, the !niddle of the three style eras.'~bicb 'must ..be<distinguisbed,
,.
. . . .'."
..
'
,
'
'
'
'
. the ·6 eveloj)::nento:f gold cloisoD...r:te". ··.In the.early: yearsofcl
.
.
.
,
'
,
".
,',
.'
.,.~
"
"
,
.
started witb the Alexandrian
ana
2...TlG
tbe franes of tberSilan Paliottoof' the Carolingian,
.
,:
.
'
n paJ.1lt"
.
~g
~n
' ''..:1'
enC:,:rJE'.I. '.'was pr[;\.~o!n:tnant
.',
."
.
";,
•
. ': ,:,'
~
,
Vias 'covered with enameifrol!loneedgetothe otber.:,",
empbasiz es tbe
paintfug lying in a slight detrres~ion 'is"set ; off ~ ......,.u,~
enru:nelled go10 en !)ar;kgrcuuc.
,
mat ely
COVC7.'S
t'h.f: lOth¢0ntur;y is
I
, .
,
"
. .'
',.
"'f"
cba.racterized'by~the,
,
,.":".",,,
artisti'cally r;:Y:l:L,cli(: usC! of the gold bands for'represeni;
,
. '
• j
~
-!~
~:!~Je
•
.: ,. "
formation of .cloisonsisprompted
,
,"
intent without disclosingtbat,tbey",baye,
sin.ultaneou,s tt":cljtiicc;} task of offering tbe"
fcct!Jcld.
Thi~
;'~ ~f:fg'"
",',',7;;:::
originatingfro",~h~· last ;y~ars, before 19;'QI"~ev:r;'} i]~,:
theless,' there are relics enough to classify: them incontestab
~'!:bich,
;j
. :::::: ~::'.
style era cul!Dinates in tbe Limburg
�.,
i
I
"'.
r
"T::-::.nslation
..
'
"
p~
..::; .Pro+'ocol .Sect.l.· on'., ",Or~.GU-S,'
.1.1
. '"
L·~a.l.son
by
'
'.',
:
v
,.:
I
"
tb:~ e!Zlperors Constantine and .Romanos II'(94S,,:,,959)
I
the highest achievements ofcloiso~e:'art: (Tabie 'XX). ,".
i
','
re~iably
The first
:
,
,,'"
dated work'of:tbe third'
BU6.ape·st~:its
'.
Byzant.ine J.io!lo!!lB.cb Crown· of
.
by the years 1042 and 1054.
,
.~ '"
"
,
'
The 'hitherto symbolic
,
,
'.
,,'."
.,
-
.'..
'"
..
:'"
which was prompted from a. plastiCstandpoint:basbere<
, "
,
' , '
.
','0',
-,
•
by. a cOIl7entional methodwhicht'·by,·ac\:tte~gles~:straigbi(.,'.',.......,..,..,..... ~
•
•
"
, -. •
•• ::"
,"
~
.'
. ',I:,
',.' ,,,........ "":,:.:.
and spirals arranged close to .ea~b 'otber,suggesi;s:'a
drapery and thT'ough 'the numerous'·paths increases " ,
the
,
. '
~
-
,
".
,
the enamel, ther~by facilitatingthe',tecbnical:atthe:expen
•
artistic oesign.
-...
•
.,".
'
,"
•.
'
"''>
'-
, .• ' ,
The enamel paintings
arou''1.0 1075 sho-.v thi's late style
.;,.'.
'fu11Yd~Ve~Oped,' 'howeve~L
-;,
...~
"
'
00 not yet' affect the enB.!llel p~,Ll1tL<t').gson/thearqs.!
. On tb e arc S c>...re found· nine enamel paint ings in
I
'
.
'
. •
. '
golq moun.ting:
on· the' top. of the,. crossingasomewha:t .
.
.
,'
. .' ,
d ,l'antokrat,or .ande.l.
.
. plate en creux ,,;d.
(.neen.;:.h.r.one
..Lc...LO<.
. .,.
.' .
.',
~.
plat es each with tbe figure of an'apostlebetween;
.
.'.-
0
.'
gel] thRt'th~se nine'. clu.L.Du.u.u.c
of western oric,in A.uclthis need not
scriptions on
·JL.H:;;'::"'''''''''
:pi ctuJ..'c s of
ing eyes, the
OT1(:11 mO~l+':h,
of the c1 U'1lsy
J.(.'.rf~.e-bead cd; apostle
The
be~:roven·again("U
.
P2.rrt~J:~2.t()r
~nd' especially
the very:
figures
Tl1.ate on the. crossing
,
..
seC!::lS sU')r::'r:;,or to ·t'i:;c apostle pictures
'.:
,
-'"
.'
�......... :
'.
(:2T2=.slation by I.;:i.e.ison &' ProtocolS:'ction,. O:.1GU~,t
;,
.
.
:.
. .
'
.
a good' 'Byzaritine model very closely"however, the
, ing ,and the open mouth"provethe' identical orig~
also the scrolls of the, cyPresses sU+'rounding thePantokr;; ,',
. '..
"
'.
-';"
'
'
.
-
.',,-
~::;
are similar to those' ontbe plate~ representing,St." Phil,
. . . . .
':. . Ii' .
i
3t. Th~!rlas.
:'
•
',"
.••
."
••••
\';',f.
AlthoughtlJe, entbronedCbrist ,basbeen,,"damag
center by 'tbehole subsequently made for the :little 'cross.
.
.' .,':"
.'
:<-:. :":
". "
of' the drapery on the, lower'part: of theib,ody
..
'Ofcourse~'tbe'autl:l,
;.~
artistic style of' the "tenth C?entury.'
-"E--",;,',
'nine, plat es '- appare~tly'an <italian - is, infer,ior to :the;;
:
... '.,....
..
';';
technique of the Byzantine court golqsmitbs 'wbo created tb
'.
""",,,,,,,,,,,,,.
,
Cross relic; buth:ts ,art:isticaim>~asthe same and "in' spit
'"
,-,'....
"
,
','
"
awkwardness prevailing in the' western cloisonn~works~ops:'
<.
. -
"',
i
1
•
10th century, he still 'su~~eede<Fi~;eX:pressively:repres~n>,
,
"
draping of the vestment between thecalves ~ the,'gatbe;ring ,
,
' .
, ",,' f
',. - , , '
- •
• "\
.::~.:
'
•
:folds above the lett, knee,> arid the :tens~on~' of jibe,cloak:
,
,
, , ' ,
'
"
~
rigbt one. ,11 co:nparison' of' :thisV1gorOus'design""With' :/', .:
tb
<.:: ":'3 : .
,
•
,
•
..,'"
. '
/"<
> •
compact, technically' lP-asterftil' but scbematic' net:w~~k ',: of',;~t
.
•
. . . . . ., ; :"'.'
.:; .',", "
:-'!:':~" ~."
"~:"'.:','
", ',""
.~ ..,:,:." :_:':<'.~'/:.', );,>;:.,7::.'::::,~.,;~";:;J~~"'·':'
krator, pict'u.re of the,1075 Geza 'Crown" practically'd
f
,'.-"
question
recent.
,
.(
I
Pantokrator
by the fact that
s joinec
.
mod~l af..l3yz3.nt:i.,::-;,,~'
recog:rii~ea
the ,Crowri
1;}ie !na~)te:r.'designingtbe
.
was
r~t
.
..
,
"
I'(;ncok:cator type ,of tbe
"i,:<.:.";~",,,;'i~'
�..
(TrZ21s1ati on by i.Jiaison & Protocol SectioD.~ ··.OI.lG'O'S "'G-90i~~; .'
. ...;:
. '" ..1':"':' . "" . ' ;
,,' .. ' . . . . ...• : :
~
Among the western cloisonne
Virgin image shown in the MunichUta ..codex, . . . a Regensburg
,
. . " .
.'
. . , . ':.
",': ""
': . ".::....,' .' " ',', ;' ::' '.
tl'\""~.,. .,..,.-.,...
,'IIi
. : . ·",/·:~,s:·;
.
the years after 1002 (M. Rosenberg: Zellens6bmelz(.cl~~huL.L!..LC
..
.
.
....
'
"""
'.',
'.'
1921, illustr. 69),.in so far as:~be,fold'designis.c()l:tc
.
.
.
".:
"',>;.
'.
"
seems neto be so similar to the. 'enthroned .christ ,on 'the'
of St. Stephen that their dates of origin presumably'
',:
tbe·sa!!l.e period.
The 8· apostle paintings,'althoughund,oubtedly'. crea~~d:t.,.
t.
. . '
"
."
."
'
','
:';·:'i:,\f:t}:: 'ii::·;'-'::.~; .. ;.:
,",'
same ax::tis-t; as the square plate, look much . !lloreantique:[>e(!aus .•.
:
.
,.
"''':' ,:, ..',.i " ......::>'
...... : ."
".:': .. "
;~;,·,':~;:<::·~~}~<t:}::;\1:~;·i;:/:";':·;·'···''''··'''''>''','','>
tbe Byzantine influence is expressed 'less by the figures,'than.:
,
•
'., ;;':":":'Y:(',
"
The Byzantine' models,regarditig~'the
the ornaments.
,
,
t,
'7,.
',",
tbe ornernents on. the sides of
~be
t01;be 1i6nomach Crown plates, bUt;olderby,balf':.~:c~ .'
there is no doubt' as to
.
. +.
... l.ngs
pa~n
.:l
8.!lu
......
h
~,e
th~ cont~mpo;aT.Yorigin;~ft~e.
"
"
'",..
"
" ' , ' , ;"
squarcpaini:; ing.
',;.'
','
; ::.:
,.'-'j'
of ,tbe apostle paintings do not ','......
contradicttbis:':the':' ................ ,.'jJ~ ~
.
, ,.il:t;'
"
.... ••
.....,
the St.
J,;,!;1CS
and
st.
.
(table.XXII):fEl.~_........·.. <:::<:l.~.L.l
.
Peter plates
.
','
.~.
.
.
:
::'
,:'
:'
. ,
,
on an enamel backgrc)und. which is decorated wi th' rosette.... '...._,
•
' , "
< ' .
•
•
,
••
,'
are alree.6y. fO\..lnain. the. Alexandrian gold cup o;('>,8t ~,;,
Ros~nberg,
from the 7th centth';( (Mr.
illustr.
ljJl);
.:'')1:
th:::,: . 'he',
s of th1s fact the 'creation,
..
plates. must be
f~::. : ec1ea:tlier
Cf;nturi~s;t:ni,:
jx:
'
rather tban . later •.'
'·.,·i
in the eOGe
0
,;(":.1,)
ornamentati~n
century,this style bas its
t
of tbeLimbui-g
cul~a-,t;
.l,,:
':~~~';<'''''''''''''''''7''
staur~tbek'~: (C;~:~'6:",:~\~pe~;",:
<
'.
\
,",
'";,.'
,
'.
�,
-
,
~ .
".: !
.
,\
' ..
.
.~
.'.
',' .
. . ' ," ,
.~
,::,
..
~='r::.:.:lsl:;.tio!l ":Jy Liaison &Frotocol.Se~ti~n~"'OMGtiS~':G:~90l
.::'::::'::..:.:.
case) dating from around
:
pattern' on an Itali~ cloisonne:pa,;l'lting,th~:.Chiav.enna'.
•
. .
,',
:. :;, : ' .
\:'}~~",'.:.,,~:
: .. ~ :,";
,'"
,.:,',
':~
",:;
"
'.";!.
.
is fixed- at around the yearlOOO/,(Rosenberg,.?ielsewhere"
.
,
90) '.
.
"';',;:~~.\.,,:,:':"./,-
':
'
;"":"'.~.:'
",':'.''''':',''.,':''
,,' .~.
"':;:'.~;;:);';:.::";::
The scrolls, already"
mentioned'incorinection"wi:th:
....
,.
..'
..
..
,"
'.'.,"
"
',
,
.,'
.','
,
of, the SQuare plate; which end in clover leaves and are
on the'
'. "I'
'. '
P~iliPPUS
~
·~f. J",.L":u...u.J~'I;i
painting' (table 'XXIi) . at'the:right
(table XII), and on the'ThO!nasplate,.;caIl.'.pe :fo:undalIn~st
""1
,
S
...
,":
'.
a:!!le de signo!l some small enamel plat es"'o:f the "And~eas',:
the Trier Egbert
SCh~Ol'( 975:"'993', .il~~st~·~ted"byF~lke,tD
',,',
" .: ,.:..... ,...
,... ,.
',:
"
,:~
;",~
Schmelzaxbeiten des Mittelalters (Ge;man mediaeval':t:.LLC::I.JJJ.C;..L.
.
.
.
.
'
>
table
5).
·r·· ....
','
"'.
'.
~.
,
"
Thus, it:must.,be. concluded that·the':Byzant
which the master of the apostle paintings and:theTrier,.
.
..:
"
.'
.: ........ :.. ,.
".~':,')'
, " ' ..~.<.'"
'.;:.?,~;.::'!':'
,.':.:h'·':
goldsmith borrowed their. ornamentati~n stem:from the~:l
.
" ,
. ' "
.
of the 10th century.. The apostle :figures were given .
';
;.
Byzantine featu.!-es by the'ix- make,r"~As ',i~whole~"',it is
,
.'
find analogies to these
<,
"
".
. ; . , , ' ,....
'.
;.'-."
. . . . . . . , ••••
·st·;angelyclumSYfigUre~"~ith'th ..
cone-shaped outlines-stillmore empha:sizedbYa,gold'.·e
,'.
'""<,,
,'.::.
anal,ogies .can only be met in the' .en8!l1el· paintings "of'
"
,','
.
' , . . . . . . ,; ... :
',",;':'.'.,,',,'7;,,'
relief figures of tbeB~undAtheus relic
.,,
\~'.'
.'
!t ... ,.-'.:"."'!.'.";",
are by two ccnt'.1:ri~~' oloer '(sh~rtly' before
M.Rosenberg,els'2where, III,illustr.'s,99and'102).
.:."
seme dcta:!.}. S of
\:
.
,
from about tbe ye.ar
1000~
,
Thee:x:aggeratedbigl:l~~s
.
. Jacobus rer.;:::Lnd of 'r;he al:r:"eady mentioned
"':'.
:r
.,i
. "".
-
,J,
.'
,.)!:i':.I:::~'(i:(;-;1·r~I!'':\r<;'t'~?~
�.';
'.1,
(~::'2-"1sla:t:;ionby Liaison &:ProtocblSection, O~JGUS"G~9C)l,
"
,'.
Uta Codey; also the convergent squinting is
O!l
~he
octofoiled,plateoftheUta Codex (RosenberS,el
,
,
' . ' ,
, . ,
illustr. 91) and. on ·theAribert book cover .made in Milen
illustrated by RosenQerg, elsewhere, II, table 11).:
be recalled that Marc Rosenberg has proven;tl;le dependence., .
,
:a egensburg
.
.,.",
"
.
,,'
enamelv.orks of. the' KingStepben t s. era: on'the
. Thereferen'ce ,to the
,
."
analogi~s 'oi ii~eTrier~d:R~~ensbUJ?g.;UT·~,'
7>...-0;;:',·
".
'
'.
..' " \'
.'
" , , ' . ""', '.,'.
;"
,~,'
'
... '. ':1 •'.." "•..., "".',,".
.•.
far fromclaim:Lng that the apost1e·plates are ofc'cisalpine;,',
'.
. .
.
'::.
:;;'~,;,.l':.~" '>;)':?).'i~),;:.l;,j:.';:;i';:
but 1:s ouly made in order.·to establishandassure1:ihe
'contemporary period of
th~ iatte~~"'The :te~hIlic~i. formati~n~;,
.
.,".':
;
.
'."
" "
""."
apo1?tle plates is very·odd •. They are worked
. . .
.
..
'
only tbe narrow, re.sidual tracks of tbe gold
VJhic'b divide every -.pictu.re1nto six·'(Jecobus'e.ndPaulus)"or·'"
•
.
"
.
•
-,I .
'.
•
•
."
,_
,
•
' .
"":"
•
.
"
",'
.. '
'
;,'
;'~;,
: • '.', .;- , •
f.ields '(Petrus, .J ohcuJnes, Fbilippus, Tbo!!las, Ba~tolomaus ,i:
.' . .
.
. . . . . . . . , . ' , ;....
they look rather like full enamel· paintings because
., ..', >;.. .;·:·,;··;;.,;tJ::'i':~~i~H\:t:'~(i
" G , ' •..L.J.ll ...., . "
,surface is covered by enamel.
full· ena::rrel paintin.g .to, ~n cr~uxpa.inting took place d'
se'cond style period of the Ottonic era which foJ..lpwed .......,'............;."
Carolingian
.
cen~; 1T:-'--:Y
-;;h eJ1c.uril!(; .the .~birdone,' .w~ich;
"':- : ~
"
away from the full enamel painting,' and to which the' .G .
r
.
belongs.
All arGu.ments derived from style
e.ndtechnica1:~
·lnti.ngs on the CrovID:
the.t these parts Qf' the Holy' Cror:n
era of clo:i.sonn~·;,
::; c.c;-erJ ne; the threshold between tbe :~l
'"
....... .............. -- ............................................... " ............ "..............,.....,._,..
,--
,
,
.'
,
,"'-~"'-"---'~'''-':''.''"":,,,"".!J''''';"' •• ''"''':''''
~'
''':'!.•., . . . . . . ',~,~
�(T:rc:...!ls12:~ion
. ·r"I,.·~·
"
by Liaiso!). & Protoco1 . S eCIJ~o!l,. O.':":':;l'u:), .
.L.
.
ll'{;h century.
.'.' ,
If this has .beenascertained, . all'caus'e
the account of Pope's donationof'theCrown tOiKing Steph
.
.
century
.
v~nj
"
,
~tephani
in Hartwich's Vita
'
,
'
.
"
",
shes.'
.......
,
.. .'\ '.:';
,
-
,
"
,
already: atthe'begiryning
.'
"
The nine ena!Ilel paintings give no clue
'.
'
.
.
,
the' Stephen's' Crown was made. . There 'is n().visible
,
,
,
~
~
,.;.
,.j
.
the Romen full enamel paintings ..of the '. early ninth
;
~
'
' .'
.'
'
the Paschalis Cross, and the Beresford Hope O~o~s~nor,w.itp..
-. .
.
"
preservedinthe:beadi"s~
In. South Italy the Byzantine styleVl8.s
1133 coronation cloak and 'the mounti~gsonthe5Word)'-""··("'····'·.'··
of the
,
...
•
'
,
,.,'",
.. .
':;~.,
",'.
.'.. ' " ' :.'
,,,.,~,:,:':.<.',~'r:~,,~,<i':"
Mauritius that. neither the 'clumsya.postle figures'ofthet.,'
, ,
, "
" r;,/::;
'"
..
century nor the enamel paintings .of the KonradII.'i,mper:i,aJ?
•
.:
c
,'-
can be assume-a to originate
__ ,
"
_
...,'.:
,
."
'"
fromtheI.'e~
_...
",
There
\ , 'H
•
.:'.:~:: ;,::'·t':::
"
V{?tll.Q
where tbe :mentioned Regensburg enamel. paintings actually'~_' ___
.Also the. original' form oftbe Stephen 'sOrown 'ls.}.ndef ..
........,.."..
<", •
~
Czobor t S and
R~,,6j.
r:i co'
. and the apostles including' the four m:issing' ,ones,;,"w~rei
a.' diadem, that
ID'?8,ns
ve.:::-tically,is obVious, ",Since'·the"J,lc;;..;.L.I.I.:"
.
','
":,•.:",','V:;':,;;: ii:n:{,j',(h,~;:\
can be seen only partially when the Crown is. being:"v\J'.I."LI.ICI):;.:~"';!~.~v,
.
..-',,; ..... ,-,
,
\.
'.
'
pictures are 1:!::.::1;7, 01':;1~JPleOr horizontal• .'
this, Ele!It8l' v. Vo.rju(.:_rch.Erlesito
order
to
.'
.
witb F •.
B~39)
as.
follow the
EOC:}C';:i v',:r.':f;
t.;lY~ . ng
that tbearcs,
.
with,t~~w.u.'~';;;.".lIQ~.~. .I...u.I:':IO
.. '
~
.jU:.~t
.'.
,
'.,
'
�f..:....
to:: '"
;
;:.... ' ..
..... ,
. ~", ;~~~~~:, ..',
(':'::'c"'slaticn by Liaison & Protoco{'seqtion,O?!GUS,'G-901 ,
:
.,,'
"
of the .whole Crov·rn.
..
::.:;
"
· . ',...
..
,.,
"
,
. There is still the matter oftbe'series of
and four rounded off gables surmounting the GezaCro\fm; ·tb
I.
.-
. . technically from the
worked of transparent: green e~aniel, .. il:i st'rong gold. cel18;,;;.so10 .
'.;
,
·."
.
to each other, without backgrounq .ende. jour, t1l:a~ <means .
windows;" this method is'extremely'rare
-."!'"'.... _ ...;..,.;,
Snd is
enamel paintings of the early .middle age. < Their "golden
"
-',;
,
corresponds to that of tbebig stones and' enamel' paintings.:'
witbtriangu1ar~d.
Byzantine. GezG. Crown .. Sincecroyms
.
·
gables occur in the estern pictu.redmanuscripts onlY ip.,
"
,".
.
'.,1
"
"
,"
12th' century (cf .A.Wei~lgartner,LDie welt1iche.Schat.u~I~''''
.. ':'
. Wiener JG.-h.rb. d •. Kunsth:ist. Samm1~gen 1926,
B.>. 24),
it '.
assumed that they were'made for the': BYZantineGe.~~·cro~ . . . .•.
other than in
I .
i .
of enamel
a
...... , ..I-~
",!.;.l i " ..1.,
l"n' .. c" ('on} d' .' th-ts' ····a·b"norma'1'··
..
:.v,.,.
...L. .
.
,_.~
~;
~.
, I .•••
jOlir be practiaeo?'
..,
'
"
.'
·Berlin.
In addi tio~to the
.
, c' .
(E. Meyeran'd ()t'~~e:~'~,~} I'eject tbe·arcenamel>pa.iri:t~gs·
from "about ]000tt :::;·..,d support tbeirorigin at . "about
;.)·;))t,,;:r;~~!,!.:{~'f:.ii
~
�· :1
I
�.E3AD QUART ERS '.- ~:.- '-:. '... _::-:
}.':ILITARY G-OVERN1!ENT DETACID.."'E'l\T E 1 B
-'"
682~' Hq and lIq Co::':';::,>.:"' .... - '
CIVII.I AFPAIRS,AUSTRIA··
- APO . 541~ US 'AR1.ry
[
I
<:,._ ._.
I
I
:-
*.
I
15
: General Edwin D.EhCr~ardf Assistent Cllief of t:tAff G ?
._.<.TInj,ted stgtes Forces in Anstrie, gO 777. Vie!:i::'·;.~..•
1.' This off.i. cc iJ3 conc.uctang an inventory of property ir;r.·n:.:ee.
trom tbe )';111 tary Government warebouse.
-2.
A:::-~port COl"lCOT'rl:i.:nb the status and loca.tion - of 9 ri.:;g-s -;: 13.8
a etn:i1ed - (In a recc-l.pt dated 13 September 1945~ i8 regu~:;_;·te(:.•
YOr::. :::-:::E C(l!DLA5TIII\G OFFICER:
BOULE I:.HELLEB:
Lt .. Col. Infen try
:?EO:?E27Y COKT}:CJl.
EEAT}~ijAR'I'r~?:3,
:':-:::1
E '2I~'/ib:n~
1.'3 t Ind.
FOTICES Lr-.( l.1JSTHIA, Office of ti:Je P1. C
DS Arrr...y 23 February 1946
I~EIT,:::[I ~;TAT2S
of S, G-2, Ar'O 777
TQ:
{)!'~~
Eeadqllarters, lii11tary Gover~ent DetacbmentE l'B,- SS2t,
Hq pndEq Co, Civil Affairs, Austria, APO 541 US hrmy
'l'ho ru;;s are ~ t:111 in ny.
in good condjtlori.
p~rscnal
pos~ession
in
Vier.'.~,!i\
r:'.:
t.=
t
C
r::::
ED,VIN E. HOi'iAi-lD
Brig Gon.. GSC
A Co::. S,
G.,.. 2
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---
,.<-
..
f
I
�t:,Ll
.........~
'~ ~ ~
, .... ,1"
I
__ t
,.--:-':
f
r',- 0"'1-'-"1 on -r,'" .-:1_......
-..
..,.~
.J,..J.!. ~""""ei-""s .AJto,...a..I
.r''', £> ....... ·"'ro<..,,-t,- _"r:<:1'9 11
•.• - .... J
- - - -from i:il1.:t~:;:-.y G.c....-c:::!':;.:1C.::lt':";!s.r€.h~~e.
TO
...~--~~;- ..:..- .".- .:'- -.. -=-- ~,..:.~. :-.-:.:.:" -" .;- ...:.,...
.'~-'-~
/:
j'l'/'
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.... •
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U1.-.:".J..}
;..::.,.~-,.
_
.,...:..« ..
f.
.""
:
~?O 7r;'7, l',:S :l~:f.-·
14I·· __·2~:!j.f101~: ::1-,; cf, .·?r:}~Jc=tJ'
T~~is' :·:f~1ce
!:!.t!1! i.s::!lCa 1"!~"!:ae !l~lcl f~n.!.~!.!.~.s ,OF.'
!} 11;~ i.:~ :tCl' ; ~~ 0.1 ~ t:{ e..::d -w~::: l:~n :---=.;i.:!..? t:J 7G=1';)~!J Ge::e=.e lot: Ie·~ rn'
f2:: ,D,g f'~ 1, ~i t·hei:- ,.."-1 ~c.s •.
1.
'?.
.--
·A+-·-r:.,.... ~:f:.. ...... ,Q,
__ tJ
·~ -re -'-~~e
9..L. _
~C_'_l
~
--'''''''-'':':~
VV.t"'~~.
... ~
_
........ _ _ t..:,..L.z1 .... 'III!!'
--~~..,.,":""'''''''"·",,·..r..
... _
ci'::L~'!''~·~
_ _ \I _:....l.
-;t"!.'.
__ J....O.
f::!' -;::1:::::; r,r::;r,srt.; eo!!':' Ei~~cd fo:-1r:. &If!l~n t ov~ry c:::~o
"\·:'e L:dc .::c CE-.::P [,:f 1;.:::.e Ge.::e::-4il-;;11o,:,:::::s r~~~laste~ 't=..:l u~e cf
. '
eTcf:n!l
b~'
th.~.fi J'·~rn ~··el,.t3'.
-
r,f"
.....
-- -,
-:-- ha
...
origl~Q1SGf
=~O~Cl't;;
\
~rGj~~ty
=:~~s~~~:
r5CC~?t5
~o
ere·
~iled
t,al.~t~e.
. ... .. ..........
--.
i::~l::..si"'7Z
.....
.... t·,,, j
~ov~~e~ ~y
~~
these
CO.!jt:=ol. O~i'ice, !..6.::!i
~~G
:"GC61::,;~~ ~::-!E:! ·~C c:::'f:b~
~:i:";::::3"';:::~ a
.iJre:5s~~ l.GCL!;!.:J:1 o~ ~!:13::'~ ~c~~s~~lc. :~.=L--;..i7.:=!.::g
"",\~ .../Ir'--::'
."' 5. l\L~ ;,r:::Jii('-.:t:r~' i:l::llld.S~ in rGcz.iy~s nina to t,,-:o;-j.t:; ::'s
~cl{i by t!16 .f.2f1d 2r.t:· .. Ji.v .. a~,1 t3e Eel~dq!1ar~e:"5 COjTu"T,,"~rld.8r!t ~)f t~ti.s
Djvj~10n 1s r~~?srln; ~ ~8~~e~ ~e~~l~t eck~ow!e6~ing rc~p~~~1t~11ty
:cr -cr;.i!:: :'::.r 0 "
-::)'.
r,.- .'2.)-_.. ('._.~_.!""_, ~-,.,.- .... .., .... - .... rocei"'J.. s .,1.cv. re-er. ........ -""~n- ... "C t~·· ....... ,.;-.."L..l. ... b
... '..; . . .~;:, ~J.-"" '.'..i..v .._ ....... _v.,)
... 1 ..··~n~
.,."
""-..AU.1
t..:n..J
.........
"";" ...•
a s:.fbn~<:!!.tlrJ~J_ !::!~ Q,r lil~~:ley. ?~l}(lh or t 7:1.s ;:·:i.""'0pertJ~ c,c';'''cre i!:.:ue
~as nc~ (!~~{~ i~,.r;.:.::·::;~!.l. All 0;:- t;hl~ ;.ro;e~:J' -;:;-:;5· din~u- :r:::r;:~~ .. :;'_J.:c :~~
c n)~: eci . 2u.::L:,{:;- t~'n "~r;e=:,2n ,l'l"l:-ain n s.-:.o.. i ~ ,i::; s~~.~d·~'LCC ~h!J t t~ ~~·e"
--;:....
/,",\0
=e~ci?t~
~n
~llsd
i~
JGur
~e=fe~ ~=al~
Jolde~
,
\
&4.6007 Sa
~or
'--------.---'-
r:
r.:.
?or:
H(L';:y' .K.1::.;:; I. L EH
Lt.Col., Infcntry
??O:-
.:....~1'1
OFFJ;C.!::n
CJi.;TiWL
"_.
�u.s~
-:;y
.~
-.T
S~C:ION
777
} .• ?C:
DATE
./
\
SA?E
T~e
T:-~11Ch,
1.
CVS~ODY R~CLIPT
artjcles listed below ~2ve teen received by the Salz
U.S. !,'!.lctrie.nGlJ.rrency.Ss::::7:icn, o...'1Qa:rp. hc:'C; in u2...!.e
~
• ..L'
r 2.ccOunt of:
Lt.. Co}.
J:::SLLER Prore::-ty Control Off~cer
~~------------~------
;.:il. Gcv. Land SalzlJ':ltg
&~!------------------------------------------~----------------------
f;;0P
2.
7hesc [tr'7::)
t~~i S,
r
cs '\vi.J_l be rel eased orll~t ~ge.illSt the origi112.1 of
S,':!fe CUG~odyRSceipt.
.
,.
r·_··..--·-·
c.le sec:.::ri tiss
.....
.. : I
....
"'
"
i
/
~
. . /~T-/
/' ~-c:;:z:~?/V.i::v~
•
((:0::'?
C:,: :~ !\
r.,-t SVC'l.R _A.:.uCi, ls"t Lu,Llf.
"""Ii,
-;-. •
'.J-
Chief, Salzburg Er.?J1ch
U. S.!".ustrian Currency
Secti on.
'.
...
�:
...
'
-- '
.~
~::' .'
\ "-: .
,~~
.
... :.
--
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,
,
.20 .. February 1945._
',.-.
'
,MO'
, . - ___
-
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:
.-
~.
. '-- ".:,
,
.....
--
"
~:i ~f~. .7.?,~~·~.
-, _ ,_.-
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~
.
..
.'.:'
.
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.
-.'
.: R~r8T6tiDn;De1iveries and Restitution Divis_ion'~»~:
Hee.dqucrters US Forces in-Atis-::;rla,
....
':..",..
APO 777, US jl.R1~''':". - .'~' ",:
...._. '-,
ATT?:~'i'ION; Chief,. .Property Control Branch, Maj.....
.l:OlITZ..•.
. ,"'.
.~~''''
--::-:.:;#
~
-
1. .. F.ncl osea herev.i th is' a 'copy- of the rec e ipt froDl-t he <
Austrie:n' Currency Section for the· 'above subject' property·
which ,is in compliance with yOi:U" iDstI'u.ctions in lotte::::- :::.:'!.t-~d
.the 29th of January 1946.
_.
-r:- ~;I1
,
/
--
:
COW,:l,-\·iDING . OFFICER: ,
-"',.
~-.
--~f{~i-G(-! ci2C(:~~BOl,r;:;',R K. I=i f(ILER
Lt;.Co1~·,
......
I
,\
Infent:::-.:/'· .
PROPZR'fY CO~ITR07..
OFFICER
\
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.
,
.
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,
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o·r·
ff
1'::::-1.
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1\ t.
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~
2/26/1.>.6
1.7nis p:fice has bee,n infol"t'ed th2t c')!'
".~.)·,cle'" '~.; c.... h'a':: _ .....
' ~.
r........... \.
__
'"
_-' -r~:"':""o-l;"'" 'h""p- .... e'-; . . • .:;,,!
.
t.ionec1 for the use Qi' ~'2jor ~e::1~ml :Jo~8c'~-:.
?ra.11ahad'been ~,tn'rled o-"er for':-he Use of ?ri,r-,.
t,'?;!'."
..,.<;.. _
.'~1~
~
;,l.~", .... ,;..
:
':- ____ ~,
...
~-;,~
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r.enernl :'c:'nhqn.
1·~. ?O~t"'25
2. If the ite:ns, listed o~ :t.::e c::::,ac~ed
:tere,ipt nre no,,::, heinE used by re;1eral ~:c:'2210n,
it ..-ill be ap;:7"eci.;ted if h C0?::, of t:.'1is re
ce:!. "'t "iay- be ,;S~f-'!1e'i by, a ',!"eS'?('):-:si1::-1c 'o!iic-::r'
I?"1Gret1!C"TIed t~ thl.s cf:icf!.
~V',T"n; !~'·:~:·'T~
r.a~tai::,
InS.
";'ro'rc :t:.' CO!ltrcl
"
--
r.-" .
/
:
�:r:'rop3 rt.~"- CC:1trol 3ranch
J:.~~·o
777, U. s.
A.rn!~t
,.....,
26
r~3~ fo~sTl:- !"eQ,t:i~:'t:"o~~d
"cr r;e:1-:=ral ':",o:-:ald
1 CI.6':~· ;/:
:-/-
--~
for
?rc:.n
:= ro}:e :rty CO::1trol Cfficer
~lS :;"ade tCl your letter
.C.-~_~~ c::: c: :.~;-? Js~~..:t"'"' Cor.:.-::-:.~~sic.:1c.:::
S r,:: -:--<;:ct:!
of 15 ?e':;:::-uc.!,'t lC1...6, reCle~t
l:=---,::t:;G S~Gtes ?c:!"c-ss i!1 A'us-'
-~
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1 Rll6 . 3 ft;' allU5~e, ta a sle e on [:)11
sidee,red and gray in color.
1 Rug '4 by 6 ft.~ed valeur,tas81es
'
1 Gravv bcwl 2nd,spoon
6 "1::1" e a ~ 2 n (1 "'c) 11 ~ t f: r J-; 1 ate s
1 CIi i,n a''', :::r e t ;€ 3 ,tJ 0 t
o ~lass desseri plates
1
it end pe~rer dish
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if;:, Ie ur, :Drown bOT er.
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10 Dessert saucers
2 1,:eat p131ters
1 Ser'~in;; r 18te
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r
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10 Coffee pots-c~in8~8r~
.Bronze ~ to t ue, pant.hsr ,J.) ."lo:;£
1 F,conze 'at8tue,nudej2C''':::'i
1
Silverware tI'ay,
.
1 i-fuiS,lbyE.:te't'ihite taBBIES (::l ,=::6.
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& Cocktail glasses
8 ha~er glasses
30,'Tea CUDS'
30 l'ea~~ -Sf,1jC1f~rB':<
00·... 1.8
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fol~o~iLg ~te~9~
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1 Tea'pot
DO'I,-l
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y
e5
1(\0 ~e5 s;cons
6:I'ea c:J[:s
6 ;:·8 UC er s
1 Sugar boy;l
o Tea
t
on tte ende:"
2yTeac uJ;s •
20 Saucers.
~ Dinner flates.
S:n:all ccinawar e stat ue 0"
t~blecloth
G ' 1~'orks
b
11~'C8t
6 Sa 1 e d
}:rli-ves
1:~rJ i v e s
6 Saled forKs
SOD.; STjOOYJ.S
~O
12 'l,'(;3 sIc>cns
Kn j~i~ ~
I Car"',,1
fo~'}~ R
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6
t spoons
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7
Servo)
~,5' spccrls
4 Ca::e y;.,i yes
6 ~i~e glDss~s-ti~~
7
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,
g18ESEG-me~lQrn
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ese
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:..?O 777, LJ. S. Ar;;rry
18
llarch1946
S'JP.J.rcr: p;-o:?Crty Released from llllitary
Gcrvern~nt 'i'L".!'ehot!se an Ha.'1d Receipt. •. ~;_:.-
TO:
'.... ."-,- ..
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n~7.!ert th~t
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vou bring to the ~d.:..ate·s.ttemtio!:l of the: '-:".
pror~r
r-n:t,h::-;.-.i:;ie!!, .the .iteILSof household iurnishi;ngs that have.
'been TC"loa:ccd iro::::t!:.e t:llite.l'J· Gove!."!l~°:1t V:arehc1!S6 for ';lse by
gC'rlCrcU. of.rice::-s,· -with a request thBt these 1terntl 00 properly ac-' " ..
c:ry...l:-:~.::l(l for t:::::'o:lgh C\ P&C officer on a reqJisit.iOri ior:r:n., ll.!'!l roquir-:..·
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hsotar as you are able to ascertain,
h:[ by .~JO::1j th~t~ items £.Te· being tl.'3od.
I..~
:'£.:3R
U. ~3'
1st Lt. _
C:'1i~f I
Tel~-;Y.1Q:1e
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Inf."
Froperty Co..'1trol Br.
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20 x2rcn 1947
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~~terial ~oaned frc~ ~erfe~Tr~1n.
·1
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!'ruperty Control :an-DCn t Reparations, lJeli-veri
&~d R?et1tutipn Division t USheA Section,
US :Fcrce~ Austria, A?O 777, US Ar:::;;.
.... ~
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Property Control and Restitution Section,
Lone CO l1I!nana. Austria.
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l~ J. revised list ot -:,'erf2:t Train property
loo:!:-::0d ::ror::; the 1.':.j 11 tary .GC,vel'!!Il'lI'!:lt "Sarcco:u:e' 3:::1 ::b!2l'g
on ;.:jn and .Po rillE 6-G 18 forwal"6ed he rew1 tho
2. 7his ofrice will keep ycu= boad~ua~tel's
fl!3 to changes in this 51 tUB. tiOD.
i::):~c::-:-::ed
F0R 7::::I: C0l2J..NDING OFI"ICER:
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Property Control Cffj~2~
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3t:'A.D~~*A-t1.?ERS .
L~;rr:::D STATES rO?.CES IN AUSTRIA
AFD 777 •. 'G. s. A.Rb':Y
28°1'areb
! ..
19~7
0\
0'
S:T3LS~T:
~;-f,l,n~f9r of .Acc?u~te.bi·lity a.!ld Repol1sibility of property
." 1'.,.,1(18 SOG i'r:.:m :t'::-coF":n-t':r Cont:-01 narebouse, Salzburg
0
ro:
C()~:-:r.~"T:"I':"!·} ""!?; ~~:1!!rnl
20:-)f1 CC::::Tt'1nd Aust:-is.
A?J fn. u. S. Ar:ny
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Cont:-ol
Lttachec is fl. list of properties released fro:nthe Property
Salzbur b • to United States rorces in Austria and
miEtery P~:-:-;-:)::1:t;:'l.· It is directec t:'e.t the property listed heTein
b~ nccou::t.(\C f,:,;- 5.n acc::JrCa::lCA with the provisions of letter. this
::;f!eCc;ur.rt~;-:;, I.e; S24 GDS, 17 Dece:r.ber }945. subject:
t1Accou!1ti~g; for
Furni~o.1J;e n:1:] i':cn:s':l;,old ?urnishin~s as rost. Camp, and Station ?roparty."
n~~~hous~.
2. rror~rty listed herein in the ha!lds of units and ineividuals
will be Adjusted in acccrdanc9 with th~ scale established in letter.
0
t3is :io~cqun..rte:rs,. AG 524 CDS, 29 Octobe.i 1946, sub'ject: "Supply Procedur~:; P..:iG 2~,:,]'3 of' All:)"·~,!1r.~s of Eous()~old Fur!l~.s!1ir:.gs for DeJ>'O'ndents,
:Snchelor O[;]r.o,:; f"nd :::iovill!Ons. A::oerice.n a."1e Allisd."
I
Te1epno!le:
VIEIJiA B-~8133
�G':?:,.
~,u':.Jj:
"::::-':.2ls::'c::' of l.ccou.::t2:'::til:..ty end TIespo~s:"~i1:'-::y of
T:-c}'e:-:::y CO!lt:::-cl We:-enot:..Se. Scl.z!:)\.:rgo. dated 28 !.~:::::b
f:'07:
J...G hOD
,....1~
"':7"';..1
1st Ind
\,l~"~\ .... ~
ZO':3 C01:::IJ:rJ. J..lS~?:u.t J..."DQ
54J..
U. S.L~t .31 l!ercb
TO: C07'nl";-..T):'Li.n,s; O::'ficer. 7753 llilitary Governm:mt Detachment, L'">'J
( A~.L"'n· ";)--c-,c- . . .y· . Ca"'-"~ol Soc ... ;,.......,) .
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1:::'7,.1-1,.<
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1947.
541. u. s.
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C o::;:;:l i~c~ce
-;;i th basic letter.
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i?
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LF<iEu S"lAT5:S F02C:S IN At.:SH:
USt-'cA.s~
I
DN
Pro,,:;,;y ConlW: tron6
APQ 777. U. S 'Army
10
C'
J._D!'
·1946
7~~
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e on Hc.::-;.d.-Receo:pt.· / .All trom i':'erfen- '..
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J
iveries 2..!ld Restitution Ilivisicn
Uni ted St2:tes Forces.
a
TO
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Chief, Property C'oni;rol Branch ..
./
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~ecn
~our
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lette
I
am the
train
Officers, tile attached
the~e itens are now
cO:-lcerni!1g
rels2ssd·to
will
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. ur.,J:I~D STAr:SF02CES IN AUST~!A
USACA SECTION
P~:c)aIC!;0n,; D~liv~,r'ie$ ond P,es!ituf,on Djvi~jon'
Property Control Branch
Jl:Dj",lrh
APO 777, U. S. Army
~r:
I
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21 May
Sa•
1946
./
'~:~{:.;~:jsi t JODed
propertyfron tbe EungariaD
\j 0;::::-:2:1 c: i r.g
0!':::' ice r
!:.ili"vsr:r l:-07Srr::.!:!lentlJete.cb:;:lent ElB
'c'U:
S [-: 1, z 1Y1.1T. g
control ufficer
tbe co~leted G?A ETQ .r'O~S
U Officer in Vie~na for the
2.rticl:.;s '["ro::: -:':h~ ;'i~rfen tr2.in wbicb Vlere originally issued
C:::. 2. !.:C:::0:-:::r:Oi2.:'"'J. !:'.ece:pt i'or tee use of .!:.::.ejor G-en • .6ra2J.,
;::!()"D e:8ce:::.sed, D2.rt of 1'.'hic!:l ere uresentlybeing used b;)T
'~:"'l
......
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ny""r-',.!..(o·a~
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2.
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7;"ill b'3
c-:~~ f. 2~ c e •
'l'l:.e
-::ec}
CC;:-:'D
:fo~s
for tbe balc.nce of tbe
i7:::je:lJ2:'e :9resently in tteuse of G-en: !:.:c..t.:abon
:'O~2Ta8d
F..S
soon
2.~tbey
E.re subr::!i tted to t tis
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HEf.DQ0Ai=:iERS
l)r~:TED
SiAiES FORCES IN AUSTRIA
USl\CA SECIION
F.c'r'DrGlia~, .. Df;:liveries and ~estilUlion Djvi~jon
Prooerry Conirel, Branch
28/hh
APO 777, U. S. Army
:; I,
8 June 1946
.8007 :3a.
C77"D
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TO
Co ~m~nn-..L·n~ Of~_icer
t_ ... _......
-5
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I,':i 1i t2_ry G'over!'.ment De tacLment E 1 B
SEl1.zburg
A:I''I'31':7ICN:
l.
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2.
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'Property Control Officer
Ins-:::ructions have been received from the Chief
USFA' that items from the Werfen "':rain a:re not
for the use of fao; ly'oillets or fOI
tha~ ~ne oa~erlals shall be
Thir;,office bEliEves that 1!.!eas'..:.res previo"J.sly
r:::
a- ~n- +hc pro~;c~l'on o~ L~e .L...c.;v
~-Le-1.·-la .Lie::.
~-ve ~een''
u_.
_v.- \.:
....
t.,._L
c ......
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_
a~1e(1t.::,t,..;, h(l'i':e~""'br, it is deeDed' &D.visaole to inspect
,-",j%.
-:"~':0
, __
'- ....
-L.
'o..,) ,
pro7Jerties to ascertain if further precautions, or
p:reservati~n 2-'I1d secu.ri ty
2.8-::.cn :is T:.Gccssary' for the
n~
__
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. ~'_~''''
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3. It :;s recl;ested that the p::roperties TIhich have
:;:::::-e7iou:-:ly oeenre1eased on menorandu.tn :receipt be
:p:::-cperJ.~: requisi t1cT'.ed in accordance wi th the letter
of i~structions fron this office dated 18 Ma::rch 1946.
70B
DIVISION C3IEF:
ri-Jr;( f?~
JO:1.N T.
1:2. jor,
LO~·r.;'Z ~b
.h.~
L::::,
.
Chief, Property Control B::r.
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CO'.!rt Bouse S2.lzburg
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Sif.::;er: :=;-:
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J.C.Don!1el, :':2.]. 0::
Chief l..abor Div. ~;f.:~l.
GovL Det. :S1B :".!~:
Capt. Cates, US?A,
3illeti!1g Officer
F.;<;. t~yde, Col. lng •
ksst.C1:CO, Salzburg
F:.esidenzplatz 1
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VSACh
Econo~ics Div.
Allia,:z' 31d[;. Vienna
Lt. Fr;mk J. :Reine s ,
2nd Br.Econ. Div. liS"CA
2]].i5 ;)avis ~
fcf:Jer ha::e' 0: ·Gen .'Ladue
I::Jbergst::- .36, s.alzb\i:-g
;;;llis O. i)evis, It. Col.
36 Engr.Gp. Cor:ru.?.21~::.rlg
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3d"terd
Cvt. 3uil d.i..11g ,
courthouse, Salzburg
E.E. Hume,
G2~.
Scr~oss
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L~en5es,
1st Lt.: FA.
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Capt. Fred R.Erow:1:.r2.?'Q
G-5,
5.i<;)[, near Salzburg
FA:J
Ge:1.Edwi!'1 D. H0\'>o.rd's
"".2., r"~;
Edward D.Eov,-ard,
GSC:JAC of SC 2
USFl..
we.re
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J.F-e..rtrrent in Vienna
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G~n. Laduc ' s, Tee si dec ce
Hesselthc.lerstr. 17,
'Se.lzburg
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Jack H. COM, 2:1dl.t.
Chief of Staff Sect.
US?A-B. Gen. Ladue
Chester
1st lit.
2nd En.
,)oh!1 A. D\r or21(,
s
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von 7rapp Estate
1;2nd 1)iv. j,rty Staff
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3r·u.::1erstr. 26-28
Salzburg
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IN AUSiRIA
USf..CA SECTION
I.
.
r:(';,~rr:t;r:H~S. Deli'Jerie~, one ~eS!itufiO:'l Division
R,-·"c':;lr0ns and Restit(Jtion Brandl
f..PO
U. S. Army
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1:1 .!--llstrin, APO 'l77 J ._US Arm:y._ ~_~,.
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1. Rcfere~ce is-~adet6- 8 v~rbBl Tequest for,
a liAt of th~ property in your villa, ~hich ~as
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2. :thp. belo-r:-listed '1 terns were requisi tic::1ed
1945 by 1st Lt ,Kenneth ";l isher, ASK
--:],,328345, fer use in the villa. of G~;.!::..RAL TA7El' "
49 r:.
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a.l'set of dishes for
l2_per~;rist
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G"'~f':T f:} :T;T ~:'J",:! ~y tb e l'r operty Control Cffi cer .Land Se.lzbc.T;?::
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J.. tf'.1:1e clot!::: c!.:nd 12 ~apd::ins •
i7:,en Ge:!ere.l 1!c:Lebon return..e~ to "the': 1. he :!,.e.ile~
t1!t:;' r..rticlE's ~1tb the ~':roperty CC}jtrol~!ficer. 7,·
i~ t~~~A~ore r~~'J~~tcd thst .the inve~tDr1 of tis former
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. .-. :'".:J
~ . t:: ... :: ... ~:. r::-:y.
":.7.:-:~ :;:-0:;;;t::::-~:J"" Co:-::trol Section
cor.:pl
:ice
,,;!i thba~ic
letter..
- /-;:/ :-.... \..: • ':"'!":C'Q
-""
,
.'
,
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..
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Ind·~:~~~::·.~~~~;,-:,:~:':':::::-~-·,::'~~':~:-.:::~'--~~'~:':.;
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1~7~]7~~~D
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9
524
1947
'I:::'[::;sfer ':)f '::)ropei't~{ (Eousehold furnishings) Reles.s8c
fros ?rcperty Control ~erebouse, Salzburg
--_.
Co=~a~din5 General,
7:o~~e r.o:r..1:E--.. :~d, h.~.s~ria.
..
.,,,.....
",,:
~aJ'
:"
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l\';'"'U
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1.
t.n;c~ :,:::)]:'cpe.rty listed below, consistine; of i terr.s of ho',:~·:",
}·:cld ft::-:-~i
i:'lgs; ~o:i;erly tL16er tbe control of Froperty Cont.::,o,l
~.~ of Ee;~~~tinnG) Delive~y, end ;estitution Division, DSACA, w~ich
.~ ~as ~i.r~·ct?d by letter, this Hea5c~arters~~G 400-ACAjR, dated
..... \). 2::'.:.:::rc':"l 191.7, £~'..:'t.j~ct: "Transfer of ~ccountability anc f..espo::,s:.
j
.. ,
}=0~5rty
\ bility of
;. ~;:;,l:::bl~T(-:-.
Xclea~ed
f~om ~roperty
Control
~arehouse,
eked up ar:::i a'ccuuntec :fer in accorder..ce wi'~~}
6i~ectj~~~bf tbi~ Head~uartersJ will be tr2~£ferred not late~
t:}[:.:.:!.~0 .JLl:-!8 is!.? toth~ CO:::':::2-!'Jdine; Ge.:::::.eral, Vienr.a z'::ilitar.y
C8::':'::':: r.L~:' 't<y •
\.
\:
2.
n.
to 'ne
!---
Vienna ~ili~ary Co~~~nity will tcntact
1~:::·.e.6Qu:.=:~-.:.<'~rDt Zor!e CO!T~~:'f:!1d.9 ,kt.:,stria, i!l the n~~r futtlre in CT::~'~~:
~toe:Cfl-,:c:t
y::-,lC!:U ;:;l'.l:ip:::ent of the prcperty i.!:Jvolved. 2.::10 to j::·:i'.:~·,,:
~,
~nCrficeT
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)
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fTO~
:y:~twt:€~n
acco .....ntable recorqs.
.
, j
W0re locatee at
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36
six t 6), stE-r1inc silve-r
SG~.:]·::
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c. nc .pe pe r, sh ak e IS
v{~Gr;;"t,!ble
dish
,
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r.~;(~
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(cI'i.ental set)
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(Eouc::ehold_
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,.....................
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~&rebOU6e,
E8leGsed from Property Control
.
"
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V"-'-''''';
_~"J,._.....
Salzb~r£.n
.
1 Bugar bowl '(lid) one creamer
1 8mall SUgBT_ bowl without lid
l' teapot
_
• COKe J):!.c;."'..:e ..
.. 7
b~
::':::::i ,\rid;.:..al- coolie p1.ates--.
Property located at 17 Ne6selth~lEr strasse, S
1 co::-:'[,le-;;e set silverware for 12 cont&ined in a
!;.-G~[.-\'1er chest (Army .!!:.aroly)
20 large white pono;Ta~ed napkins
3 tableclothes(one with blue border, 2 white)
1~ y~
ow napkins
3
.f~ncy
bora8rec pi ow cases
I Ttl,;, If x 9 ~ li.Gb. t inner backbTound, 3
:,1 e Ei.
I~e2s
c.
s
prcp~rty,
locnted in Von Trapp
a 15-roorn
HQ~38:
1 TllC, 14 x12, or 7 x 10, or 9 x 14, whichever
D-;J ;: r 0 P Tie t e
1 rn;,:v 5;:][111, pastel shade in IfJo6.er.c.ietic c.esi
...... 1, r~~0:, s:: :L, pink end brownish flower-like
.:.:. ...............
1 rug, small, reddish, 5 center figures
.
1 =n~~, s::all, bIue cragons a.nd birds
~
Dil~8r~are'for
2 Gets of
12
&t Colonel Linden's guest house:
r~y
1·2 x 1S, red valeur, blue flower
.
valeur,
15~
12 x
i
;,"'::/2 x'5 J
?oor:-.
3 ..","'·. ":;
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flower design
y.::leD.1', bleck borcer
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bTo~n
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x.3.GO reetcrs,
~eleur,
light blue bord~r,
shGped desi[DS, large 8 pointed ster in
r-.
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s;7.~;.}l :"tJoVif:r Gf:siGrls .... ,.~.--':"-: ..
rug~ 1.80 x 3.00 meters ~valeur.,
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t dee 1: .;~ c :- s
lo'c6. te d
#
silVerware for 6
i
pe:'SC!'8 .
.
,
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I;~GT;~·r. t:l
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:; n Schloss Rief,' near S~lzbiirg:,'
CO':;J..:~.·::'J.;e
!Jet of silverwsre for 12_:
l:,02,'cor·.L::-::ir::i.~:'' two drawers of eilvcY\':2re "I'
G1:-1
Fe';" r::,s :or 12 people including:; 'se!:'Yi:::'g S~;00::-2,
p~~ 0~A 8~!'ving fo!:'k 'a~d seven types of '~dr~s;'
;,;:. ~;: C' [; ~~1.S
{~[!
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ts
~fldloth,
;
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cc]~a~::,
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ve s
12 x 6
d
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6 x 5
12): 6,
24 (E~c:eYiarr i.:i.itiE.ls i:"1,ccrr:er;
~.fi'cJ12clotht 6 x
~~sJ l~rce,
heivy linen
towelEs face-hand, good quality
tsllleclatb, 4 x 4
~~-ll
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h·~6
L.. ~ .1.1
1 ts'::::l::clO7;b,
~c
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R'~ch
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~or
;;e·t :::::: terial taken
or ,:for;,~ 6heets
of
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cesl£:;n e~c~ed~:'~
ebove
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in stort stems
. ~f design
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GP~vin~ G1S~eG (1 wi~h light rionts)(one
j
;'O:::-"~f:,)
(oJ.le ov
sbe:;:;ed)
gleBs celt shakers with.~1Iver top
c:. rEt-::'e cont2iner. no..top.
I
OF: e-:y f;erYl
dish
Croc;::e:ry for 18 people -the jil~ttern consist::\ :.:.:l.'
indiYidu8.l roses with gold edging - soup, se:c"'::';C
"-~cc
etc
a .l. 1 .; .....} , ~Da note
II ....
:r,,8. set ~ F.:a:;'.1f(~ct:lrer (Rosenthal of E,,!'v'2ria)':'" ?n . .:,·ce:-n
.
of flow~rs with' a gold border consisting of 6 ~8rge
tef1 pot; sl.:gar. bowl,· ere a:r:e r, 'lU!!:p suge.r 00\'.'1 t :: r:; ::',':' C~
_
A?
...
:tor l~ peop.Le.
.,.
'3
s~Bll
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e;~D C~:::S (double rose patt~rn)
8~uccrs to meith
C,
6
little di es suitible for ashtrays
e TE: b a v E. r i e (3 of 1515 and 4 of 162~1
~~~cy
7
,
,.
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:or
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C',) =2';;:
:-':'(1 5..
r=ation is ac6py of the lette=
Gene:ral, Viennai.Tea Co:::::::.e.:.c.
BY C
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ited Ste.tes ArlliY.
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l:.: :,.;/ ~: s
JU:::le "::,<7
of. Acco~tabili ty
:':'~·.'';':H):';C'r
and F:e sponsi bili ty of
leased fro~ the Property Control ~2re
~er~y
n;}UEe, S~i}zr)~rg.
..
7753 Uili tary Goverll!Ilent De-t2C}::
0 54i, c/o DS Army.
Pro,?ert'y Con~rol Section.
C')i:::r;-;d:-;C:i.:.::.g Otficer,
rr;c~:-;t,
I,r;"
:'L..
-
..
...
In ,c0;rpllence' 1r.i thlet,ter Ee ad quarte rs United state G
Forces ~n Austria. ~sted 28 Larch 19~7, Bubjectf 8S above,
-=
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~0~71 ~n~ Jctt2r.Eeodquarters 7753 ~ilitarr Gbvern
~~~t T8t8c~~0nt, e0te~ 16 A~ril 1947~ sribject: a~ above, tte
J'>0.",1 :S~:,',~>::
;:""::'}"~7 S,'·cti.on of the Ler.d Salzburg Re51 Estat.s
Ot";~j. c:e, i G u;ufblc
accept re sponsibili ty and 8ccoun'tabil:1.lc~7
~Gr t
prD~ertl listed below 8S it was iffiposs1ble to locat~
,
I.'.....
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to
7~a;sr~y ~~ss~ng at fiO·.
36
I~bergstresBe:
S~0 ~i~b silver dessert spoon - missing
1 Salad plate ~.broken
"'-o'"en'
,
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?a~~on8i~le Officer: Lt.Col~ Richard L Je~ettt
Eqs 36th Eogr Gp.
~)~n~!t:a Gff~ce~8
...l_,
Lt.
~OBS 7Tapphagen
R:~
42nd ~iv Arty
v2J(n~r,
v;hi te tassels,
flower
'."-j
/
�ve lct;.!".
e C:'ficer: 2nd L-:. Dougles
42nd OM CD.
c:.
l';,,-cpe ;::"'"y ::::'ssinG frol:::! l~ilit2ry Gc,'ve:;:-lJ,meL"t effiee
C~;~!.·rt:-lQUse.,
1
~,alz~bu.rg
,-,
,
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1 R' ) 2.65 I 3.70 ffietera, velour, buff backg:-oonji
v:Di to corder
~ R~g7' 2.~O x '.40 ceters, velour, red border, 35
;,:'Dr-,::"l flower deGigns
,
Officert 1stLr.
~e2?onsible
.
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?r~
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mis~ing
:::-ty
'~enges
at Bristol Rotel:
Rue. 2.85 x 3.70 meters, red with 15 light red
f:'L;::.re designs narol'( border, whi te tas~e1a
'r:r:!:',pc::!
-bIe Officer: 1st Lt James E GamlaD. Botel:3-':'iGto1.:••
'i ?::g 9
x 12 t oriental
Hes!)cmsirlle Officer: 1st Lt. Charles :I:onk, Inf.
:t~~8
::iasing from Schloss Eief.
)
. R~E, 5 x 3¥2, 4 stout lines· in border
-;
C, ~ x 2, lig!::!t principal figures in ce::ter
? ~J ;~ " ? ./2 x 4, 1. ·i g t teo lor e d ri t b b 1 e c~: in bOT ~~ s ::~
..r
)
- like designs at one end
2~~crol1
• l.'~:;:; '. ~:: ~ •. 9 G'2"e.i[,ns. at one end
~ i~-;~:~:::t 3~:'? J~, 1.. :;2, 1,6 small sq,ua;e's in ou.t
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Table c~o t'D, 4 X 4 ~l
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v.2.te;:~3·~ tall, crystal
-! ".' &J.8SS0S? w
er, misc. crystal
./
~?aes> ~i~e, misc. crystal
:::
~
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3
2 with stopper
'
21 t:;1[!s~?~2'iI li'?rJor, small, c!'"~lstal .
r:
2S~2~, win2 with leaf desi~n~ ste~~ed
./
ty
;;';:;;:',25 1 'wine,
641811, leaf design, stelIJ!le.d
[~n2S2S,
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4
liquor, leafd~~ign, ste~med
e·~, leaf design, ste2JDed
y;ctcr .;lr:!.sses, leef desie;D, stemmed
SS2ea~ liquor, etched, ste~~ed
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Iver top
'i'iitb.out top
celery, ~e~ving
~iec. pottery, aervice'for18
tp"'. f,et, ?:oseEti:al, sf:y\'ice for 12
f;: G:::; C'-:'::<; V:':' ~t!
rr'f~~(:r!iYlg sau'cers'
dis~es, moliere pottery
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1e Cfficer3S. fsytman,
2.
r-:;i~ned
c:.;"}
~cmoY2ndu::: receip-;;s fc·r ".;~is :t::ro?ertyi'.','::.~:.,
1946 ar.:3. Irany of the responsible of:f"icc:~·c
:~: ~.-, ~~~~~
_::~" _I;. 7.2 r"c?!': ~ t appe ~rs. tL:~ t ::0 ~r ~;:' _ "
..
"~.' ~"",::.,,,:.!. ~;?f'I,(jn8.1.blllty,upOD t.:1e l-'8r~ 0": ~,
(:;':"';.1 ":-~\-:-;':, C/r· to ,'~:~~llrn t!:1e p:::"oper.ty to the' I}Topcrt2t c~",~~-:
7:",: 0
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rc.s~c;r. ::i,t,~ 0:
1st Lt Inf.
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T"''''''I
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.;-.".~.rt
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LAWP...EHCE .A LALIIL.hl'E
!!ajor
16th
Ird
Real Estate Officer
....
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us
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31
~'::'£:,?ls:f,:;r
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J _ ~)..:." ...... l'..,'t'
~:; ~.:.12.
~
u ... .'-,/
of J..ccot.:..'J-t2bili ty and Responsibi1i -ty of
'F'rom "ProDerty Contl'ol ri'ar2l:l0us.2
'~.:,.,:: - -.... ;...... ...... \'?;-s8-d
-
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J:
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.
·ou
Cr~~an~i~g
Officer
Go .....er !L.'TIent De t a crilllent
A?O 5~1, U.S;Army
;·,c. ]::~\:T C:';:
Yroperty Control.
TO:
J.: t 2.ry.
'17:i 3 !.: i
'::'::r,'~
~
with,letter, BeCic.quarters, united Sts.!",::;;:;
Gated 28 t:arch 1947, subject: as ebove, w:::. -ell
1 s"'.:;, 1.::, G~,~~:.er-;'~';:i·!.; l(c!sdc;.'uGrters Zone CoJ:Ji::J.and .Austrie, catec. 31 f-'C
F~';?:'ch i~~7, ~>.r.c~ lett!;;r, l:ieaciquarters 7753 Military GoverD..!Iler:t',
t."~
,:,:,:,:t ~ ;·,:;'0 5 /,1, sub je ct as a Dove, the following 11 ste c.
~ro?er~J j.B accepted by tbe 3eal Estate "Property Section of
"C:le iJ~;,ri::~ ~:;"~l:~·,1:~l:.r[s ?e&l Estate Office:
L
J"v?:c:::~;,
"
'r,
i::':'Y1Ce
j,~:.:-.~;:::':L':"1
1 ~~~, 2.G5 x 3.70 meters, velou~, buff'background,
\V!,'; ~,
t ::; "b G r (~ e r .
2.40 x 3.40 Deters, velour, red borcier, 35
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:·7~;· (f'~1_~:~>~:::;old f:.:.
shi
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1947, subject: Trans
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s) releesed from the l-'ro'Jert\T
not s:2ipped to Vi e fl....r1 a- or. .~
-:lot beerr locat,e~ .at this date.
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.
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�located in ~reral CoJ.lim Guest
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2)1.:1
(3 inch brown borde:- strip).
(h::-i,-::ht color blue. rod vd th black e
O!l t.~e design)
17ith 2 lr:~ge Msigns
C;:old f'!"e..me sho-.n.ng J5panese "O,"~OJj in
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IC~:: t point)
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[}:re'eling ('.Yab peadler and
tViO
women
custo~r8)
(house f'_nd ge~oon Beem)
:! <"-;--;-;
Cover
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fa DCY
<wj t.h
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15
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4x3
l:;~nc n
{S:1_:.e o~ large
cove!"s
Ten flcur
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d~Bisn,
of
K~the:ri~ ~oven
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in Generd Collir.s
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colo-:-, flower &:sign
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rcociish color, }conter figuros
r~ d v;-j,1.. h- yell O~ d~ .~i~ .
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~...~~ 7.
h ll.:'.~ r>t'J t
1'/: :.:-, :5 C~ !1~r Gt': signs
, '.' . ,. ;.. " e.G:-- n~r) liS1:Jt b11.)O
C~2-',':O:;,
Ol.ue
and gold border
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Doroor
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v~;;:::~-.;.[,(;~.e
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:.t/:1', are red flowe::-ed bor&r
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J
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.
one bluo border
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7
circulnr designs at one end
14 ar..;lo·· designs at are end
(:-;:3
2 c'ir::;loB on ea.ch end
Tx7
bI cr;m s!1n de s
-- ..,,
:<.
f:;x 11
17· cO:'!Iplete circular cb sigr..s in' Ce ntr::;:1 T:]:'" "-~----:~.cyl?
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q ci:::c:.tla.T
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Q;~fI, if 1.
-- , .
4x 8
six z-ed .fig-:..rres
'1;)(;
<): 12
center &:3ign of roc lino blne on !l
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whi to back-ground.
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c,:~: ~
e. r..].,Y,J &.1 pe. t t.e r ns
~ '. ~):::1"
c..
cloth baci:ing ol.ive color, lignt blue
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12
S t'lesi,sn on borcer
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white end dn~k blue
;:-l} .~8 :~:~lll
rodc1i.sh bordor .. blue bo::-dered center
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.'
'.:.';-;i tc, blue, brcr.vn
"
4x5
blue&-.sir;:n on a. w'hi to back, gr,oand
r;:,c 7 ',;\:i te 7 ane blue'
-3~: 12
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r:,,~~
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) clc:'h fig-.lrea
clot:: bac:'-; r'-c;,wooly ~p - blue center
loc,[:.~.e d in the bi'llet
of
Sal z,b U1:' 11".
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Lt. Col.
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::[;.,l.t fl_Tid '~p~:- shs..k.os
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-_._----- .. _ - - . _ . _ - - - - -... - -'---'''''<-<''
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....
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~:t ::-::-0?_~:-ty Yf:J,:;!;~:ec:
~ope-t)·
!'::ccr,
Con:.rol
\';C'...r~ho:lse,
ShlZbll'T[;,
:r... :p!:,rsonr¥~l nne. ~~ncieB inLand Sa.lzbu:-g. (con.l...irnl
~o '.:,:'f';:: ~,,~~ ~:,~:.:-~~'''.:''
a ~~:~ (i:-.l ;f::J~:3 J)
.J F.::l:'J..l l ::: r1 nC,~T n
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1 t/J h -':"0t
.s'1::::x bow'1 (liu) one c:-e a::~r
j . ::;~~'::~;!..L :i l]t~~,:,:r- b cr.r;l \\-.i thOlrt lid
.
~,
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.P,I.. r._L~
7 r:c,'cJl
E. ~1_\!:-'~'~·
:i.:>Evicual: coolie pla~s
S,~:"'";J_c".~~ :::.5.t:~"',
1I.
"
~'1e.~ Snlzbu.::"C;.
t.;ct.of ~silve~",ue. for 12
,"oy (';c
:n~.:'8' two a,rswe:::-s' of silver..,e.re-plnin p~ttern
('r;T i 2
')r!l.~ incluCing 3 serving spoons' end 000 sec-ving
:::.:..J; ~;e\'C:l t:'1;s of ferks SpOOD.9 and knives.
-.. ~.1 ';' cl ''J~"h
12xo
GC'.;~·rr.'}\~~·;~
(yx8
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if! r:-e
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.
ini t.ala in corner)
linen
1::.'1.nO 5000 quali-::'y
flung~r:Lan
h~8vy
4x4
n.~;::"'ll:i.n.;~O match
. '
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1 -tj,';1,; cl;:yt.h, yello';; le.af design and
;-z::_;,~ ;..' :[,.7,
naptins
t:."l.' ','e yr,J'GEJ of ::lneet ::::JI:i'i:.erie.l taken for the 'purpol'Je of
~~1,~.(·,~:;.,,;\-::
t;::
~
t.j':::--ec aT fo:.l: ~lhoets.
-r,-i:n..... zJr:,:se!'J onst.<':!:)s -
:-i."~:"~S
f'
In
snoT-t..
~~: S ~'·-::.:t.:-l
lenf Design etchod in
stems
llCl,f".f De sig-n e tche d :j..n
t./ill
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on ~V:?;;!:,
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s~ven inches tell/
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to _
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~·:,:-t.::;·:.:lt :;:-e.:-"o:l:-...,l !~r.d agencies. in Land S.aizburg. (cor:titlllll.:.ion
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.r:..m,cT' v.!:'.:;e. (ap?:-oximakly 15":high)
~1:!8'" {12"' bEn (end 8 inches. ruHlmeter)
-t-.-,(, ~'~:::-"·in;,,:cl5h."S {oT~.\-;-.ith light points) (om wi:th
i 07','/,) '0-'/,'';'' 1. r;;1~,.·:;e c)
tL?""(~~ Drr;t.:.J.l· [~SS
t . 5h.~,):er· v,"i
si1vor top ..'.
Ml')
r·;/'
'sal
th
~:(;~ ~.~~T~l" :-te ~':'"vj~ '~'\:S
(li ~b~. .
....
:Dr 13 p"0rll~ -:- the pattern consists of individu~l rO;'~3
,.
n !'::
:,.otlr-~erving dishe3-toB: pots etc .
~::;.~,'T.:f!.:c-::'urer lRosentM.l of Bavaria] - Pt:.ttern of flo·::::-:;.
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t"
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c.::.S~~l~S
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:in.G:~~Cl1~~iT\S" ii:~ms
17 »
:'.1
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for 8.S;rtrbys
aro loc.ntod in the bill"et of Col.
:<;:;-e"::".:
\';ijs..~,-,
fl
4
cbe:'!';:. (Army Karoly)
C8.W-::T
m(m':;:-t'!TI~c1
~.!:e0l~ c1o J.:.r!;:; (,:.,r~'f! -,:,-:tth
r.apk:ins
£:,.
blne bo:roer, 27:hito)
:."(~11ow. r~::.~.;:.i~s
.<;~I';-: ...:;
'
C':
aTe loca-'.::,e;d in von Trupp pro:;:erty.
/.
',. 7-:-::'0 :-:'H.15iEl!, (ij5.rJoy,Q shaJCed center .design v;i th
principlo .figure s
l :::-':2: l/;··:12 }:'Cnt cQloro d, pink :flower design
1
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Lodl~,
;;rti~rr £7: •
C(\:-!:':,::'r~d in
J
s~:it.::blo
of 1515 tl.:nd 4 of 1624) ~
"L:::, s:.'.t Gilve:::-'-'e.Te for 12
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J
J
C::':>'i.j'7,er O~.'5ign3
~. r::,~ sm~,Jl ()J.u" 8,,::.~r vrl th
6
pillar like figures
r....·· ..··
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-
:;~'.7J _!,~'-':\.':l
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e C
from :::'r();.~::-ty Con-:.rol W~e houso, Sr:.l::.b,:r is
1 !·.::d a~ n~t,e s in Land SW:.:b..:rg. ( co::: t:i TTLl.!, ti 0 7:
.
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po;.tol ehncics,mo6ernistio 6.sicn
. p:~ 711: and bro~rmisb :plower like. figure B
y;::,ddish5 conter figuros'
bJue cir[,gons and birds '.
7 pdn~i]:'16 fiS'UTes in center' &sign.
{"
lG.
aIe loe5.ted in ~ol. Lindens
,
Ted va.leur,. bl~ floc:er
velour, bra;vo flower cbsign in center
v~JCll::-, block border.
,
7:.::n
I
':
st-house
:;;';'~":) b:; 3· 70
!:l:: ter s"r6dw::ith
15
liE;ht red
;;~.r:-:.:.r~$ olana- Tl.?...Trow' border
~-: ~:. . : :. .,~":". ~J.. 1~ ,,' h Y '7 ":) c::: ~."Ie vB • .3 '_.,..... 0 1 0. pre cO_~n:":n" 1..... ra Q v:). tr;.
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Glue, g::'ccn urio "Lan dosign y;'::ith .32 .roo ana blt~
l:'.J.rY;;:~~
n~~:::-rO"7
bo::--6er·
f~;:;C "·~;·<;r:..; [;:,;6·35
[~..rJ(3
"
!!JeteTB color !:lainly
::~
red, ..i1..h d,'t:"k 0:3..1.1::
green .pattern.
.)
"';.i •.
.
~
l-:..r..;,,~·
;::;~·.:.er.:')
:i.s
in roOOl
by 5;t metors
1':.:,,'.::, ~;-:'IS on
,.,.~.ch
end.
92, LeboA
Division.
ligilt gre~n, 5 heart-shape d
l3·
S.s.l::bm- g
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b!l
liE~ht:
blue
b 0::- c,:,,::;
2~i 0'010:-.., ;
6 poi rrLe rl star .in the center
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ob:or:...j;' :-lO'r7ers on ee.ch end
met~rs,' ve.leur, 17 hour glass Qt;lsir,ns in -Lh<:',
cent~r, red
b.or6er
',
6
... l' -,
,
r:eteTs" va1 eur, TeO bc:-o~r, ..)) Sr;:s...l_ I~O\7¢.::
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c:....
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in the von T:i:'IlPP pro:;-:erty,
l. ..._
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ii>~ms are locatod
;:~",~f office'rsi
- '3 .
.
.,
-~
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--.
}::e~~i~
of: silveri':s,Te :tOT 12 in 2 Cra··7 er chest bee.rir~; n:tm~ of
Victor M~yer & Son, Vienn.s..
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No.
'5371
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Roussin, Lucille; Documents from unknown source [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
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956181-roussin-lucille-documents-from-unknown-source-1
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f974412591c8657cd9d98d53ae81f72f.pdf
93ef64d0d9ef6c8439e09feca60f46fa
PDF Text
Text
MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE
LATIN AMERICAN
LOOTED ART MARKET
PREPARED BY
KAREN PIENKNAGURA
�Argentina
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"WILDENSTEIN & co.
(GEORGES & MARLINE)
DESCRIPTION
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NY - art gallery/dealers
ENRIQUE HENIOT
ARG
MARGOT HESSBERG
Severai correspondences prove that
Wildenstein & Co. has offered on several
occasions art form European origin to
clients in Argentina. Correspondences
among dlese people prove that Mr.
Wildenstein was interested in acquiring
information regarding looted art works and
how to gain access to thein I
ARG
LUPO A. STEIN
RELATED TO
ARG
.,
illmilitl:::_
CUBA-Art dealer
I
HERBERT J. BING
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2
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NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, ??? to Gruenebaum, 11/05/44
NACP, RG239,entry73, box82, Re: Margot Hessberg
"Margot Hessberg, was dle recipient of dle
"painting" or "drawing" sent by Jacob
Frank through Herbert J. Bing; on Aug. 6,
44.she communicated Widl Frank in
Havana referring to the "drawings" which
he had delivered to her for Frank. Frank
subsequently claimed tlmt this referred to
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which he had sent to tlle Hessbergs who
were old friends of his .. 2
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DESCRIPTION
PI\JL.. IZ05EriBEf2..~"
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RELATED TO
S1-~
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SAEMY ROSENBERG
(ROSENBERG & STIEBEL INC.)
NY-
ALFONS HEILBRONER
ARG- Born in Germany 05/30/89, well
known antique dealer in Berlin. Spent
some time in France and left for Argentina
in 08 or 09 '41. Considered by some to be.
the leading art expert in Argentina. Despite
the fact that he is Jewish, he was accepted
in German circles. Some reports are
conflictive with evidence of him dealing in
art in BA. Has an uncle of the same last
name who owned an antique store in Paris,
which was confiscated after the
occupation.
r---------------~~~~--------------~
LUIS GOETZ
ARG- Argentine citizen, collector
3 NACP, RG239,entry 6, box 7, Alfons to Rosenberg
NACP, RG239,entry 6, box 7, Alfons to Rosenberg
4
Communication evidences the reswnption
of business relations between resident of
Argentina and resident of US for
shipments of art treasures. Rosenberg
states "The business is going to start on a
small scale with objects that can be easily
and readily sold,,3 Alfons mentions dIe
import firm to use is Cronos
Importadores.
There is mention of access to Renoirs and
the Schaffer Gallery in NY and
Goldschmidt.
Alfons is friends with Goetz, relative of
Jack Goldschmidt, who wants to get back
two pictures that have been in the Schaffer
Galleries for some time.' Alfolls is asking
for addresses so that he can discuss the
case with Goldschmidt. 4
�NA:MES
JORGE RADO
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DESCRIPTION
ARG- Hungarian national, states
occupation as organizer of expositions
lived in Chile for a while.
RELATED TO
Reports of him trying to sell paintings ill
NY, which he bought in Hungary and
brought to Arg. Repots dlat he neglected to
inchide some information about paintings
he had when applying for a US. Visa 5 •
ere or '\\L ~ ¥>~Ii c<+ ~
t ~~ AM., etA~
~ FiYm CUlI-ta. b-\ ¥'\ENSINq .
ARG- Owner of MuJler Galleries -~"0"((r.
~~ ~it-~.A.~~
In a letter, it is revealed that Fesenstein has
shipped two valuable Renoirs to Philip
Bros. They were shipped by air and
I----....:;.;.;...--=;....------f~~~;....-.;......~;....;;.-...;;;.....;....:...~"'"'"'::---I dispatched under the name Federico
ARG- Buenos Aires representative of
Muller. 6 They seem to have a relationship.
Philips Br9s. He is reputed to have been a at least since'43 because there is record of
director of Philips from'35 to '40 and to be at least one communication on 07128143. In
conducting his own business willie acting
the '43 communication the same two
ESTEBAN FELSENSTEIN
as a representative in BA. He eventually
pieces are discussed and Felsenstein
got involved in the shipment of beryl ore
to Philips and also engaged in the purchase
There are indications that Emden (Chile)
& resale of mercury9.
I-------------f-----.....;.....;:----------I had sold, at least one of the RenoirSto
Muller Galleries in B.A. 7 Paul Cassier
NY- Art dealers, appeared on the British
had sold the paintings to Emden. 8
PHILIP BROS. INC.
Ministry of Enemy Warfare German List
(S. ULLMAN)
in '41.
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,
\
PAULA de KOENIGSBERG
MX- Claims to be art dealer for over thirty
years. Address in intercepts in Mexico, but
when related to a shipping or customs
dealing appears under a NY address. 10
According to a dispatch, she and husband
also operated from Argentina II
Paula appears to deal mainly wid}
Henschel and Judson Sheldon Corp. in
NY. Buying paintings, getting them
shipped to Mexico and selling them in
Mex., Arg. and Uruguay?
NACP, RG239,entry73, box 82, Re: Jorge Rado
NACP, RG239,entry73, box 82, Felsensteill to Pllllip Bros., 06/01145
7 NACP, RG239,entry73, box 82, Examiner's Note 011 Felsenstein to Philip Bros., 06/01145
.8 NACP, RG239,entry73, box 82, Felsenstein to Philip Bros., 08112/43
9 NACP, RG239,entry73, box 82, Re: Esteban Felsenstein
10 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Judson Sheldon Corp. to PauJa Koenigsberg, 08/12/44
11 ( Office of Strategic Services, Official Dispatch, 04/30/45, from major Robert F. Rushin to Seymour
Houghton'
.
1'2. NKP, iU12.3~ 'Zb, b.:;" 3. ) Q},t(). +\.~~'I\ ~\)\\.Qx)~~"\~ .
5
6
�.r:\ ~ '''''
'/
NICHOLAS KOENIGSBERG
\0 uf.. (\
NY -(MX?)(Paula's husband) Art dealer
from New York. 12
Address 787 fifth Ave., apt. 42. Has shop
in Buenos Aires at Ave. Presidente
Figueros Alcorts 3191n l3
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Bava to Nicholas Acquavella, 02/13/45
Office of Strategic Services, Official Dispatch, 04/30/45, from major Robert F. Rushin to Seymour
Houghton
12
13 (
14
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�Chile
�RELATED TO
NAlVIES
~ ~" ~\Q.tm ~c.Ju~~
Ib~',cu:.w~1 ~~ +-Lf'~
M. KNOEDLER & CO. INC.
('"~CHARLES R. HENSCHEL)
'-:>WT Q..) t'tl!'M"S:.HSt.. '-fSl .., 1-::,0
NY - I, I=-i~
I
of- ~t(d "h~
~ &~ ~o\c\ ~I",~
ot ~ 1:- ",\'"0 cr""-·r''(....l''="" 1Y\:):t;~'
In a letter Knoedler & Co., express interest
in possibly buying paintings of the same
kind as the Renoir flower paintings whi2h
Ms. Lili Wolf had mentioned to them
when she gave them Emden's address l .
~V\.Jr.,\ ~ C::>~Y(,~\\
1-------------t----.::r..;...-------I-----1 Original offer made in a letter from Emden
to Knoedler Co. (Henschel) dated
12113/44, where Emden states he had just
I
been in B.A. and that the Renoir is at the
CHILE- Art dealer, most imP~O. I
Iitant in
Chile
Galeria Muller in BA2. (One of the two
Renoirs that were being offered in B.A.,
()(v ~~~,~
s,. ~ which several dealers in NY and S.A.
1--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-+_~~:;...;.~,.;;;...~CJ"r-..~-~;.....~~~..,;"1S;:;:;...;;'_"_-t 'Yanted to get their hands on).
•
~~~,\- U;)\I
Emden also mentions the Renoir in a letter
to Paul Graupe (NY) in which he and
offered a price of $12,000 in order to ship
it to NY after a friend brings it to BA3.
PAULGRAUPE
NY- Art dealer
Several cables back and forth blw Emden
and Henschel regarding the Renoir
painting (same as above?) where Henschel
is bargaining for the price. No evidence
that the deal was ever closed4 •
Graupe writes to Emden on 02/03/45, from
letter evidence dley have a long-standing
personal relationship. He expresses his
interest ill obtaining the Renoir and having
it shipped directly to him in Ny5.
NACP,
NACP,
3 NACP,
4 NACP,
5NACP,
I
2
& /JAr}? (
entry 73, box 82, Knoedler & Co. to Emden, 11124/44
entry 73, box 82, Emden to Knoedler & Co., 12113/44
entry 73, box 82, Examiner's Note on Knoedler & Co. to Emden, 11124/44
entry 73, box 82, 4 cables dating from 01102/45 to 02/07/45
.
entry 73, box 82, Graupe to Emden, 02/03/45
/2Ct2.s9 I JliliM-z.bI 1;;0;0.. ) ~c)... .\,"\'Ul- 01V
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RG239,
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r
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NAMES
RELATED TO
DESCRIPTIT
OTTO SONNENFELD
TEL-AVIV
1:IUE:g#'P:M~:m!~
NY refugee art dealer. Also had an art
gallery in Paris. (Also linked td Emden in
Chile).
Graupe and Sonnenfeld deal with possible
sale of paintings in Tel-Aviv. Letter
(10/9/44) reveals Graupe offered various
paintings for sale to him valued at
$135,000.00 1
I
.
I
Graupe i~ referred to by Goldschmidt in
letter to Sondheimer regarding a silver
statue. Graupe and Goldsclmlidt are
partners working on a system to sell art
objects in New York, Cuba and Mexico. 2
I
Goldschmidt receives letter from Graupe
regarding the availability of a Rubens
ARTHUR GOLDSCHMIDT
painting for sale. Suggests Mexico as a
possible market because the painting was
done for a Spaniard. Provenience of "The
Almunciation" out of the possession of the
Earl of Caledon by Dr. Ludwig Burchard. 3
Sold Rubens' "Madomla & Child" to
Thomas Agnew, Ltd., fall 39 (London).
NY-letters with Graupe
sil",
MANFRED M.T.SONDHEIMER
This firm subsequently sent the picture to
, ,
statue of Atlas and RUbenspai'jgs;
the Firm Katz in Holland on consignment
and Katz buys the picture in 40, TIle
.
picture was subsequently sold to'an
unknown Gemlan dealer who sold the.
3~ I
'~. 'Wt
painting to Adolf Hitler, who deposited the
painting witll Mr. Buchner a director of the
1(', ~~ ~~
i", ~QJ OPiIlakothek Museum,,4
w~ ~
~if\
LUCERNf!'German citizen an(l is
I
Wendland dealt with Goldsclmlidt and
regarded by many refugee art dealers in
Graupe.
tillS country as a German agen~"6.
HANS WENDLAND
Interested in Rubens' "Madomk & Child"
•
I
j'§\J\6. ~cAo~ \P\)~:?-1 ~
apparently bemg sold by PAUL ,
/"/l ~ ~~<:I"GRAUPE. Appeared on the "Proclaimed
-.....;....,."..... 0'('. M~.
e.R.~ i~~lu ~ F~
, ~VI'\I
List of Certain Blocked Nationkls"
?"(!-
CUBA - GRAUPE'S partner. German
citizen, Shares profits of sales Cuba
with Graupe.
regarlng
-"~~~~r
t~~'~~lW<..
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-\O~~~ .. ~'~o.'S,.~~Q
.~
I
NACP,
2 NACP,
3 NACP,
4 NACP,
5 NACP,
6 NACP,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
entry
entry
entry
entry
entry
entry
=;:>
'
W)j).t.. 'pQ.WJ.. ~\{\C\ p\c:W
~o+(
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..
\-k.- \~
,
c:JL!( ~
\>....\.)r--'r.'.fV\1
- G/tf...f.r=t2-~ I~
6, box 7, Exammers Note on Goldschmidt to Sondhemler, 01123/45 ~ 'F\SC~~
6, box 7, Examiners Note on Goldschibidt to SondheiIner, 01123/45 ~e... 6, box 7, Graupe to Goldschmidt, 01117/44
6, box 7, Foreign Funds Control Confidential Report Oil Hans Werdland, 01118/44
6, box 7, Goldschmidt to Sondheimer, 101123/45
i
6, box 7, Foreign Funds Control Confidential Report on Hans Werdland, 01118/44
fr
��NAMES
RELATED TO
DESCRIPTldN
I
RICHARD BELL
NY- Art dealer,
...--------------11------------+------1 a certain painting himself. Theyhe willtobuy
In a letter, Bell tells Frank that
seem be
JACOB FRANK
CUBA- Art dealer,
.....-------------1r-----------+------1
Fonne' owne' of well known
ROBERT BERNHEIM
~m
of
Bernheim in Munich which deal in art
objects.
I
involved in the art dealing world and make
comments about how much their
'profession' has changed, they agree dlat
part of the purchase price is to be
transferred to Ernest Asch in order to
avoid foreign funds control regulations.
Bernheim is mentioned in Bell/Frank
letter; the context is that once Frank tells
Bell how he wants to arrange the sale, Bell
would contact Bernheim ... ?
I
ERNEST ASCH
FRANCIS TAMAS
NY?
CUBA- Commissioned by Manheim
Tamas writes Rothschild asking him to
immediately return the painting which is
property of Mr.. Manheim or. pay $750.00
for expenses. Tamas claims that he is
commissioned by Mannheim for dlese
purposes8 •
1
j'
HEINMAN ROTHSCHILD
STEVEN MANHEIM
NY-
~UBA- refugee form in the irt world, alid
cz~chLovakia not
is definitely involved
I
clear whether he is just a collector or a
I
dealer.
I
?
8
NACP, RG239, entry 73, box 82, "Ricardo"to Jacob Fran,k, 10/17/44
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, "Market Research Bureau' to Heinman Rothschild, 10/9/1944
�· Mex'co
�NAlVIES
RELATED TO
OTTO SONNENFELD
Graupe and Sonnenfeld deal with possible
sale of paintings in Tel-Aviv, Letter
(10/9/44) reveals Graupe offered various
paintings for sale to him valued at
$135,000.00 1
TEL-AVIV
I
Also had an art
NY- refugee art dealer.
gallery in Paris. (Also linked t~ Emden in
Chile).
.
Graupe is referred to by Goldschmidt in
letter to Sondheimer regarding a silver
statue. Graupe and Goldschmidt are
partners working on a system to sell art
objects in New York, Cuba and Mexico. 2
I
I-------------+-----------I~--__I Goldschmidt receives a letter from Graupe
. regarding the availability of a Rubens
painting for sale. He suggests Mexico as a
possible market because the painting was
ARTHUR GOLDSCHMIDT
done for a Spaniard. Proveillence of "The
i
Annunciation" out of the possession of the
Earl of Caledon by Dr. Ludwig Burchard. 3
I
I-------------+-----------+-----t Sold Rubens' "Madonna & Child" to
Thomas Agnew, Ltd., fall 39 (London).
This firm subsequently sent the picture to
.
I
NY- letters regarding silver statUe of Atlas the Firm Katz in Holland on consigllllent
MANFRED M.T. SONDHEIMER
I .
and Rubens paintings5
and Katz buys the picture in 40. The
picture was subsequently sold to an
unknown German dealer who sold the
I--------------+~L~U~C~E~RN'!""!""-~"-.:G~e-m-l-an~ci~ti-ze-l-la-n-d~i:-s----I painting to Adolf Hitler, who deposited the
~.
painting with Mr. Buchner a director of tlle
regarded by many refugee art dblers in
~
I
Pinakothek Mnseum,,4
this country as a German agent'(
HANS WENDLAND
Interested in Rubens' "Mado~ & Child"
apparently being sold by!PNm:i::w:alJRre. Wendland dealt with Goldschmidt and
Appeared on the "Proclaiille"dList(i{······· Graupe.
I
Certain Blocked Nationals"
CUBA GRAUPE'S partner. (!Jerman
citizen. Shares profits of sales ih Cuba
with Graupe.
PAULA de KOENIGSBERG
MX- Claims to be art dealer fo~ over thirty
years. Address in intercepts in Mexico, but
when related to a shipping or cJstoms
dealing appears under a NY address. 7
According to 'a dispatch, she ana hnsband
also operated from ArgentinaS I
Paula appears to deal mainly with
Henschel and Judson Sheldon Corp. in
NY. Buying paintings, getting them
shipped to Mexico and selling them in
Mex., Arg. and Uruguay?
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Examiners Note on GoldsctmIidt to Sondheimer, 01123/45
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Examiners Note on Goldschmidt to Sondheimer, 01123/45
3 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Graupe to Goldschmidt, 01/17/44'
4 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Foreign FWlds Control Confidential Report on Hans Werdland, 01118/44
5 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Goldschmidt to Sondheimer, 01123/45
6 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Foreign Funds Control confidentiall Report on Hans Werdland, 01118/44
7 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Judson Sheldon Corp. to Paula Koenigsberg, 08/12/44
8 ( Office of Strategic Services, Official Dispatch, 04130145, from m~jor Robert F. Rushin to Seymour Houghton
1
2
:-.J\
'I
!
��RELATED TO
.NA:MES
I
NY- Works in Judson Sheldon
ISABEL HILL
~orp. in
.
~~~~
CHARLESR.HENSCHEL
NY- Head ofM. Knoedler & do. Inc.,
actively involved in art purchasbs with
Emden in Chile.
I
Works in coop. With Paula Koenigsberg in
shipping art and buying it: She's Paula's
representative in New York9.
Seems to be providing Paula Koenigsberg
with the artwork lO •
Acquavel\a appears in a letter directed to
him in which the writer ,Bava, tells him
NY-art
dishonbst and sold
about problems with previous exhibits and
NICHOLAS M. ACQUAVELLA
false paintings. 11
to be careful. He mentions Koenigsberg
having been' invited by Carlos Pellicer to
exhibit antiques and then being charged
1--------------1-------.
- - - - I with false paintings a Greco and a Goya. In
NY-(MX?)(Paula's husband) Art dealer
a~~ition, the letter recalls Acquavella's trip
from New York. 13
to Mexico where he exhibited false
NICHOLAS KOENIGSBERG
Address 787 fifth Ave., apt. 42. Has shop paintings.and authentics but of no real
in Buenos Aires at Ave. Presid~nte'
representative value of the period, he
Figueros Alcorts 319111 14
I
claimed they were examples of. 12
dealer/~ollector,
-----+1
\\toc~o...Q...,~~.
\..00JCl- ~. ~~~9.. \('\
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\>Jhic'r- ~ c.Q.p.,.;. ~ \s t\'!6I'1~u.d~
"1'\'I.l\\C'Ef>E d I~f.
·MX-.
Censorship intercept where Stavell.hagen
7'
Dr. KURT STAVENHAGEN
refers to 'the flower 8ig:., saying he does
not want to lose her. Appears to De a
painting. Four additional notes referring to
~
correspondence blw the same two
t - - - -......----.;...--+-Fi:::;;;!'"'."e;=~~l~==\~I"\'~\'-l!~s-/~~~~~\~"l".~.~~..)~l::>.1~Nt":"l'l"""li-l individuals. In the communications, one
more person involved in the shipment of
"211Uu;:.e.
art piece -Zimmer- is mentioned. Not
RlCH~
NY.'
clear. (No RG or boX# available)
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NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Cable Intercepts NYC 377424-C; 352990-C; 337221-C; 346558-C "\W~ I~ PC;V~"'\ l';:.
10 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Cable Intercept NYC 334831-C tlR.x!t~ \'<'. ~~ ~IJ'.\ \-t.Q.... ~~1l NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Bava to Nicholas Acquavella, 02113/45 ~
'~ ~<:::r'.....-o ~ ~
12 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Bava to Nicholas Acquavella, 02/~3/45 t'~ \o'1J:L. ~ ~:-~'f'&.\'IJ..QrL~"- C;N....\ ~
13 NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Bava to Nicholas Acquavella, 02/13/45 JJ..J.... ~ c.~. ~~
~
14 ( Office of Strategic Services, Official Dispatch, 04/30/45, from tbajor Robert F. Rushin to Seymour Houghton ~ ~'-\
f'-\-C
~.
I
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�RELATED TO
NAMES
I
NICHOLAS FRANCISCO
STERNHEIM DE LEON
MX- Grave financial difficulties, relies on
I
art sale of Gauguin painting. Mentions a
I
man named Henrich Mann in ktter as the
one he encloses a letter to thabk him in
relation to the "Paul Gaugin" Imatter.15 ,
.
.'
I
Letter from Sternheim to Martill~z Velez
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 regarding bad situation, asking for loanl6
and revealing plans to sell the Gauguin
JOSE MARIA MARTINEZ
VELEZ
15
16
CA
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Sternheim de Leon to Martinez Velez, fY2/07/45
NACP, RG239, entry 6, box 7, Sternheim de Leon to Martinez Vetbz, fY2107/45
•
�Venezuela
I
�I
RELATED TO
Nl\MES
DESCRlPTlfN
SELMA B. PINSKER
NY- She is Neugebauer's "rigl, hand" in
NY, she keeps the key to the Storage room
were the paintings are kept!.
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + \- - - - - I
.
.
VEN- owns a respectable collection, he
keeps it in NY. Admits that se~eral of his
paintings were purchased in S~itzerland3.
R.NEUGEBAUER
I
~--------------------~------------------~----~
SILBERMAN GALLERIES
(ELKAN SILBERMAN)
Karger had been interested in buying some
of Neugebauer's paintings in NY. Pinsker
maintains Neugebauer informed of the art
dealings going on in NY and of potential
clients or paintings available.
Neugebauer seems to be selling paintings
to the Silberman Gallert.
NY
VEN- one of three individuals rith last
name, only one with address in S.
America.
'
G. ACQUA VELLA
In a letter, it is clear that G. Acquavella is
actively involved in the business of selling
I
paintings shipped from the U. S. and other
1------------+-----------:-----1
places in Venezuela. Acquavella seems to
try to compete with Karger in one occasion
by anticipating him on an exhibition4 •
CAL- Assists G. Acquavella by shipping
him paintings and is his connection in the
U.S.
MARIO ACQUA VELLA
1
2
3
4
NACP,
NACP,
NACP,
NACP,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
: N\ C.I-K:<...M
entry
entry
entry
entry
6, box
6, box
6, box
73,
7, Examiners Note on Pinsker to Neugebauer, 10/09/44
7, Examiners Note on Pinsker to Neugebauer, 10/09/44
7, Pinsker to Neugebauer, 10109144
82, G.Acquavella to Mario AcqUavella, 93/10/44
box
A4l) UA VElLA
\~ -
SA'tJ'TAe..u...-'f:t - IJI to~ ~
I
1
\
___
J
�.
/
I
RELATED TO
DESCRIPTION
NAMES
I
Karger is associated with Greco
Galleries. Has business dealings with Luis
A. Lopez Mendez & Pedro Vallenilla
who are associated with these galleries.
Also is mentioned in communications blw
NY (Venezuela)- Born 1900, U.S. citizen Pinsker and Neugebauer. Seems to
supply dIe 'Greco Galleries' with the
and resident, spent 10 years in France,
paintings to be sold, also seems to hold
PHD Art from Paris U. Appbars to
'exhibits' in Venezuela.. ** On occasion,
represent Newhouse Gallerie~ in NY.
Karger would be known to bring pictures
back to NY, the records don't specify
whedler these are pictures of dle exhibit
oM- I)JO.I:>. '\f\\\\)~ \'oO\
E:.~ lIDO&.. ot(.N'~~ that were not sold or pictures he had
U~ ~t:.e. s.~
\~~ acquired in Argentina. 5**
I\WQr~~"W F+~I.
~
.
CommWllcates with Karger about
paintings and other artistic objects. In a
letter to Karger, he asks him to send back
some pictures from Venezuela to him blc
he has found a more profitable market. In
Mexico for Spanish pictures6 •
BYK
Interested in buying paintings from
Kargee
VEN
GUSTAVO WALLIS
NY- Gallery seems to have
SCHONEMAN GALLERIES,
INC.
d.LingS with
clients in S. America
!--------------f------------!o------t
DR. ALEJANDRO PIETRI
NACP,
NACP,
7 NACP,
8 NACP,
5
6
~
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
RG239,
entry
entry
entry
entry
10,
10,
10,
73,
VEN-
box
box
box
box
25,
25,
25,
82,
In a letter, Dr. Schoneman offers Mr. Pietr
a painting by Rembrandt "S1. Peter
repentant". Apparently Pietri had visited
Schoneman in NY, where the latter
promised he will let Pietri know when his
Dutch collector friend, Dr. Mannheimer
would be "forced" to sell another painting.
In the letter, Schoneman says "you know
the reasons for the sale,,8.
Summary of Postal mtercepts relatlllg to Dr. Nicholas A. Karger
Summary of Postal intercepts relating to Dr. Nicholas A. Karger
Summary of Postal intercep~ relating to Dr. Nicholas A. Karger
Schoneman Galleries to Alejandro Pietri, 09/06/44
tJf>,CR, 1'2',Uf't.~"Z.b/ ~z.)~ F\,\.Q...-
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pienknagura, Karen; Names Dossier
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-pienknagura-karen-names-dossier
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/a1badb4ab10a22bd425ef8986ba07f02.pdf
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Collection Lederel",
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Collectiun LinuenbaulTa
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. -ittt1e.
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of OlJ1Jliou art No 528 '
Object;::;
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LIST OF ORGANIZATION CHARTS
./
'
""Un~d Stat~
Page
Government___________ _______________________ ______
568
~ional Defense_____________________ ~~~ ___ __ ______ _______ ___ ___ _
569
United States Senate _________________________________ " ___________ 570-71
House of Representatives_________________________________________ 572-73
..J3iecutive Office of the Presiden L _________ ______________ ______ ____ 574
~ce for Emergency Management_____________________ ____________
575
.,g(partment,of &t(t~e_ _: ___ ___________ _____________________ _______ 576
the reasilry _________________________ : _____________ ,577
'..J/iI'If.'r Department_______________________________________ .. _____ ____ 578
, ~rtment of.Jd'stice ____________ -__ ____ _____ ____ ___ ____ ______ __ __ 579
Post Office Department _ _ _ _________________________________ ____ : __ 580
Department of the Navy _______,_________ ,!.y______ __________________
581
Department of the Interior ____________ :______________________ ____
582
Department of Agriculture________ " _______________________ ,_______
583
Department of Commerce _______ .;__ __ _ ___ _____ _______ ______ __ ____
584
Department of Labor .. ____ ________ ______ __ ____________ _______ __ 585
586
Federal Security Agency_________ _________ _______________________
Federal Works Agency_____ ______________________ ________________
587
Federal Loan Agency ___ . __ ________________________________
588
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation _____ .____________ '-____ ______ _ 589
590
Federal Power Commission_ ___ _______ ___ _____ __ ________ ___ __ __ _
Federal Reserve System_ _____ _______ ______________ _________ ______ _ 591
Federal Trade Commission _ _ _ _ _______ _________________ __ ___ ________ 592
General Accounting Office __ _________________ ______________ ~ __ ____ 593
Government Printing Office___________ _______
______________
594
Interstate Commerce Com~i!l~ion ___ ____ ___ ________ __ __ __ ___ _ ___ _
595
Railroad Retirement Board _______________________ _________________ 596
'597
Securities and Exchange Commission _________________________ ~_____
Tennessee Valley Authority ___________'_ ____________ ________________ 598
599
The National Archives_ ____ ______ __ _____ __ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ __ __
United States Civil Service Commission'____________________ , ______'_ __
_
600
United States Employees' Compensation Commission__________________
601
United States Maritime Commission_ ________ _____ __ _____ ____'_: __ ~_
602
United States Tariff Commission_ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ____ __ 603
Veterans Administration ____________________________ : ___________'__ _ _ 604
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1-4
�132
UNI'l1E!D STATES GOVE.RNMEl\'T MANUAL
Board of Economic Warfare
Temporary Building T, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW.
EXecutive 7030, Branch 411
MEMBERS
Chairman (Vice President of the United
States) _______._ .. _____
___ ____ _
Secretary of State__________________
Secretary of the Treasury ______________
Secretary of War___
__________
Attorney GeneraL ____________________
Secretary of the Na.vy_____ ____
Secretary of Agriculture_
Secretary of Commerce_____ _____
Chairman of War Production Board _____
Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs ____
Lend-Lease Admi~istrator ____,_
HENRY A. WALLACE
CORDELL HULL
HENRY MORGENTHAU, JR.
HENRY L. STIMSON
FRANCIS BIDDLE
FRANK KNOX
CLAUDE R. WICKARD
JESSE H. JONES
DONALD M. NELSON
NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER
EDW ARD R. STETTINIUS, JR.
STAFF
Executive Director. __ _ _ _________ _
Special Assistant to the Executive
Director ____________ _
Assistant to the Executive Director ___ _
Assistant to the Executive Director__
Assista.nt Director in charge of Imports_
Assistant Director in charge of Exports__ _
Assistant Director in charge of Economic
Warfare Analysis__________________ _
General CounseL ________ ' __ _
Administrath"e Officer. ________________ _
:MILO PERKINS
E. W. GAUMl'iITZ
J.t. MCCAMY
V.F.COE
IVIoRRIS ROSEl'iTHAL
HECTOR LAZO
WILLIAM STONE
IVloNROE OPl'ENHEIMER
DAVID B. VAUGHAN
"
CREATION .4.ND AUTHoHITY.-Executive Order 8982 of'December
17, 1941, changed the name of the Economic Defense Board to the
Board of Economic Warfare. The Economic Defense Board was
establishedby Executive Order 8839 on July 30, 1941, "for the purpose
of developing and coordinating policies, plans, and programs desi~ed
to protect and stren~hen the mternational economic relations ot the
United States in the mterest of national defense."
The term "economic defense" was'defined in paragraph 1 of the order
as "the conduct, in the interest of national defense, of international
economic activities including those relating to exports, imports, the
acquisition an9. disposition of materials and commodities from foreign
countries including preclusive buying, transactions in foreign exchange
and foreign-owned or foreign-controlled property, international in
vestments and extensions of credit, shipping and transportation of
goods among countries, the international aspects of patents, interna
tional communications pertaining to commerce, and other foreign
' .
.
economic matters."
PURPosE.-The functions and duties given the Board by Executive
Order 8839 are to: '
.
"a. Advise the President ns to economic defense measures to be taken
or functions to be performed which are essential to the effective defense
of the Nation.
.
",
...:.'
;
�I
I
EMERGENCY WAn AGENCIES
133
"b. Coordinate the policies and actions of tbe several departments
and agencies carrying 011 activities relating to economic defense in
order to assure unity and balance in the application of such measures.
. c. Develop integrated economic defense plans and programs for co
"
ordinated action by the departments and agencies concerned and use
all appropriate means to assure that such plans and programs are
carried into effect by such departments and agencies.
.
"d. Make investigations and advise the President on the relationship
of economic defense [as defined in paragraph 1] measures to post-war
economic reconstruction and on the steps to be taken to protect the
trade position of the United States and to expedite the establishment
of sound, peace-time international economic relationships.
"e. ReVIew proposed or existing legislation relating to or affecting
economic defense and, with the approval of the President, recommend
.
. such additionallegisl!'\tion as may be necessar,Y or desirable."
Executive Order 8839 directed that "the admlnistration of the various
activities relating to economic defense shall remain with 'the several
departments and agencies now charged with such duties but such ad
ministration shall conform to the policies formulated or approved by
. the Board." In order to facilitate such conformance, the order fur
ther provided that an officer or officers of each of the following depart
ments and agencies, a.{>pointed with the approval of the Chalrman of
the Board of Econorinc Warfare, represent the department ·or agency
in its continuing relationship with the Boar.d: Departments of the
Post Office, the Interior, and Labor, the United States Maritime Com
mission, United State~ Tariff Commission, Federal Trade Commission,
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Securities and .
Exchange Commission, National Resources Planning Board, Board of
War Communications, War Production Board, Office of Price Adminis
tration, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-An1erican Affairs, Perma
nent Joint Board on Defense, Office of Lend-Lease Administration,
and such additional departments and agencies as the Chairman may
'
,
.
from time to time determine.·
The Board of Economic Warfare is vested with the responsibility,
iointly with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the
Secretary of Commerce, the Attorney General, and the Coordinator of
Inter-American Affairs, for the preparation of lists of persons deemed
to be acting in collaboration with Axis powers against the interests of
the United States.
.
ACTIVITIES·
. OFFICE
OF
EXPORTs.-By Executive. Order 8900, dated September
15, 1941, the Board of Economic Warfare is vested with authoritv
over export control under section 6 of the act of July. 2, 1940 (54
~tat. 714; '50 U. S. C. 701), induding the auth~n:ity to issue or deny
hcenses for the export of goods and commodItIes. In the admin
istration of this authority, the Office of Exports directs the flow of
commodities in commercial export cha.n~lels in suc~ a way ~hat the
power of supply c~n be used as a poslh:,e ecopomlC weapon in the
successful prosecutIOn of the war. SpecIfically..
1. The flow of materials either directly or ,indirectly to unfriendly
nations and unfriendly consignees must be prevented. • .
. 2. Unwarranted depletion of stocks of critical and str!ltegic mate
rials in the United States must be prevented.
.
:
.
�134
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
.. 3. Civilian operations abroad which directly or indirectly con
tribute to the military operations of the United Nations must be
supplied.
4. Industries and development projects located abroad producing
materials required by the United States in its war effort must be
supplied...
. . .
5. Essential needs of friendly countries abroad rriust be supplied,
namely: (a) materials for their defense efforts! (b) materials neces
sary to maintain their public health or mora e, and (c) materials
necessary to the maintenanCe of their basic industries.
. It is a major task of the Office of Exports to advocate release of
materials from United States stockpiles to aid friendly countries
in meeting their obligations as contributing partners III the war
effort of the United Nations and in satisfyin~ their essential economic
needs, without .permitting too drastic depletIOn 'of domestic stores or
allowing such materials to fall into unfriendly hands.
Under Executive Order 8942, dated November 19; 1941, the Board
of Economic Warfare is authorized to "requisition and dispose of
property," pursuant to the acts of October 10, 1940 (54 Stat. 1990; 50
U. S. C. 99 note), and October 16,1941 (55 Stat. 742; 50 App. U. S. C..
721-22), when requested todc. so by the War Production Board. The
Executive Director of the Board of Economic Warfare is further au
thorized, under this order, to "initiate action for the requisitioning of
property by submitting proposals for requisition and disposition" to
the War Production Boarq. The submission of such proposal is sub
ject to the findings necessary under the acts which are to be made by
the Executive Director. The Executive Director is authorized to
requisition and dispose of property if the War Production Board finds
such requisitions and disposal to be consistent with thepriori~ies and
allocation program. He is also authorized to determine the amount
of fair and just compensation·of any property so requisitioned.
Under Executive Order 8926, dated October 28,1941, establishing the
Lmd-Lease Administration, master lend-lease agreements are required
to be negotiated by the State Department with the advice of the Lend
Lease Administration and the Board of Economic Warfare. Also,
under t~is order, the Lend-~ease Administrator is reguired to make
appropriate arrangements WIth the Board of Economic Warfare for
the review and .clearance of lend-lease transactions which affect the
economic defense of the United States as defined in Executive Order
8839.
.
OFFICE OF IMPoRTS.-Under Executive Order 9128, dated April 13,
1942, the Board of Economic Warfare is vested with final responsi
bility for the procurement of materials and commodities required
to he imported for the war production effort and the civilian econ·
omy, including the development, production, and, in some cases,
the disposition of such materials and commodities.. In addition,
the order directed the Board to "determine the policies, plans pro
cedures; and methods of the several Federal departments, establish
ments, and agencies with respect to the procurement and production
of such materials and commodities, including the financing thereof;
and issue such directives, or initiate such proposals with respect
thereto as it may deeIll. necessary."
.
�EMERGENCY WAR AGENCIES
135
Besides directing the procurement from world sources of available
supplies of critical and strategic materials, the Office ·of Imports
intensifies the development of materials in new areas to replace old
sources cut oft'· by enemy action; plans purchases to help maintain
domestic economIes in friendly countries; and plans 'and directs
preclusive buying to keep commodities out of the hands of Axis
nations. The Office of Imports is also responsible for ar:ranging and
providing for the receipt of imported commodities as reciprocal
aid from foreign governments in connection with the Lend-Lease
Act.
'
OFFIOE OF EOONO)l'IC WARYARE ANALYSIs.-Strategy for the cam
paigns of economic warfare is, prepared in the' Office of Economic
Warfare Analysis on the basis of running analyses kept' of the eco
nomic ,Position' of each country. Close working relationships are
I__~a}ntamed with t~e British ~:lin.istr~ .of EconomIc Warfare. in com
~Ihng an eXbpwgIVe eCOnQmlC mte bgence file.lnformatlOn thus
made available helps determine blockade action to keep vital supplies
from the enemy, and directly assists the Army and Navy by helping
to answer military questions of supply, transportation, and attack on
industrial objectives.
'
,.
Studies made by the Office of Economic Warfare Analysis of ways
to ,help frien~ly countries t? build up their economies and k~er them
gOllig are an Important baSIS for programs developed by the Offices of
Exports and Imports. Frequently technical experts and experienced
operating men are sent to friendly countries on a partnership basis
'to help realign and develop natural resources and industrial organi
z~tions. In close cooperation with Army and Navy air services, the
Office of Economic Warfare Analysis has made possible the develop
ment of a fast and efficient pick-up service for Importing vital sup
plies on transport planes returning from military missions.
Approved.
,
'
HENEY A. WALLAcE
Ohairman
�~/I\
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.t/3
19 'I}
i'·
United States
Go'vernment Manual. .
,
Summer 1943;I
( R~vlsloDS through ~Iay 15 )
DBRJ\RY,
. 'JU~ 30 19~1
ROOM 50')\
tREASUR~ DEPARTMENT
. DIVISION OF PUBLIC INQUIRIES
OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
'"ASHINGTON. D. C.
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�VIENNA AREA COMMAND
f. Demolition of Buildings.
n the, Tnternatipnal Zone.
Three buildings were blasted,
'
g. " Sewage. 1321 dama~ed plaoes reported, 848 repaired,
98 being repaired. An average of 900 workmen, 40 contractors,
o tru9kS and 24, horse-drawn cars were 'used dai ly .' . . , ,
h. ' Bridges. ,The Kagran bridge was opened on the 22nd of
he month. Pavement on the Augarten bridge is about completed.
ne ~nd of the, Schweden bridge was raised 27 feet. Final repairs'
ere made on Aspern bridge 'which was opened for'traffic on 24
ovember, 1945. Bridge, work this month:
Completed
Under construction
!Contractors
'
Workmen
'Trucks
2
13
10 (average)
211 ' (averi:1ge)
8
i • streets. 218 craters repaired, 585 workmen (average),
5 contractors (average) ,'24 moto~ vehicles (average), and 100
igons d'rawn by horse (average).
j. 'Snow Removal.
The ci ty has 76 small prime movers"
sighing' a bout 2~ tons equi'pped to tow trail plows.: The street
:ir company has cars fitted up with plows to clear tracks, and
1e U. S., Engineers have two six-ton trucks fitted wi th snow
,lows. A;ll of this equipm'ent is inadequate to clear the streets,
Q. case o,f a heavy snow fall.
Fitting trucks with plows is not
!tlsfactory since trucks, heavy enough for this type of work ~re
Jt available. Vehicles with steel tracts will, slip on streets
ld bull dozers are not sui ta ble., It has beeh determined tha t
11y trucks weighing 4. too ,,6 ·tons and on rubber tires will be
litable and efficient.
k •. General. Progress of repairs of war damages' in the
nerican Zone in percentage of hours is as follows : '
30 Nov
street repair
Water system
Sewage system
Building repairs
Debris ,clearance
45.4%
45. 2%'
52.1%
0.9'1%
49.6%
31 Oct
35.3%
40.0%
41.0%
0.8%
49.0%
, PROPERTY CONTROL
. a. 'Business en~erprises, real estate and personal proper
,es taken under the custody and control of this' office during
1e month .of November totaled approximately one hundr~d and ten •
•1 of the'se property interests were owned by American nationals
~ nationals of the United Nations.
One-third' of ,these proper- .
.es were posted with the protective notices.' Of the remainder,
lvestigations are in progress determining the, American and United
.tions interest involved. In all cases where; Public Administra
Irs have beenappo'inted by the .Austrian government; Property
NOVEMBER 1945
11
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.VIENNA .AREA COMMAND
Control continues to advise them of 'the new situation and
responsibilities and duties involved. In compliance 'with Militar
Government Instructions No •. 17, dated 8 september 1945, all prop
erti~s under control of this office~ where protective .notices wer\
issued, were allotted seria 1 -numbers for identifying purposes ~ , .
. :!
,
.. b •. ' A list, showing the naIne and address of the American or
United Nations national owner, the addressor location of the
proper'ty involved, and its general description has been prepared
of all ptopartiesregistered with this. office located in Russian
controlled Bezirks of Vienna..
c. Forms MG/APC 2 have been distri'buted to the Administra
tors and Managers of all property interests under. control of this
office where protective posters have been issued. It is expected
that. these forms will be comnleted and returned within the first
week'of December. Thereafter Forms MG/APC 2 will be completed'
for all other properties registered with this office.
d.
The French Occupation Forces in Vienna have been serving
. notices on all business enterprises located in their zone of
occupation requiring said business enterprises to submit inven
tories and financial reports. In some,caseS'theyhave blocked
the transfer or sale of raw materials and finished products.
,
However, the French occupation authorities have agreed to exempt
American or United Nations nationals' property interests which
are under control of the American Property Control sub-section •
.3.
:,:
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j,
:
PUBLIC HEALTH
a. General Health. 'll1e general health of the civilian pop
ulation of the, ci ty of 'Vienna' is essentia 11y unchanged from
previous months. The final reporting on the de~th rate per 1000
people per month by the Social Ministry has not been received'
for the months of October and November 1945. For September, the
civilian death rate was .3 per 1000 per month, which contrasts
to the rate of 1.4 per 1000 per month for the month of September
1944. Thus the rate for all intents and purposes is essentially
high. There is no reason to believe that it is any lower for
. October and November. However, between 80 to 90% of the deaths
are falling in ,'the age group over 60 years of age, and the in
crease in the civilian Jiea th rate ls, for the most part ,made up
of individuals in this' p3.rticular age, group •. The infant mortali t
ra te for October was 142.58 per 1000 li va births, which is in
contrast to the rate of 50 deaths per 1000 live births of infants
0-1 year of age for october 1944. The general' .qealth of the
population in spite of a diet which is mini.ll:fll in caloric require
ments and which fulfills none of the requirements for essential
food stuffs, such as animal protein, vitamins (with the exception
of the Vitamin B complex) and essential minerals, the public fail
to show overt Signs of extensive malnutrition, "itamindeficiency
disea~es, or even sub-clinical avitaminotic conditions.
'Ihis is,
in short, a paradox, but must be beld with some degree as reserva
tion because an extensive and thorough investigation of this
problem has not been conducted by th-e American Armed Forces since
september 1945. To. submi t a brj.ef statement, criteria ba:;ied on
NOVEMBER 1945
12
�!
REPARATIONS, DEUVERIES 8 RESTITUTION DIVISION
SYNOPSIS
The month of November 1945, MS been a month of increased progress in
taking under control proj:8rtiesof Uni:t,.ed Nations nationals and of the German
,G<?vern:nent and it~nationals. The prevention of th8 dissapation of assets and
t4e preservation Of the income derived therefrom has been accomplished. A ,
workable system of property control has been established with standardized and
simplified proj:8rty control forms, applicable to all Lands, having been issued.
An increasing ntnnber of claims and inquiries have been receiv:ed from both our
State Department, representing the interests of its nationals, and from indivi
duals. These claims and inquiries have been processed promptly, and ,;the desired
information furnished, whenever possible.
The locating of displaced art an4 cultural objects is nearing completion,
with the major portion of the Non-:-Austrian objeCts in art colle<?ting centers' ,
or restored to the rightful owners. Problems of transport and packing material
were solved and the objects were removed from the various caches, hidqen in' ,
the mountains before the winter snows made the roads impassable. The Austrian
collections of art and cultural objects will be tuned over to the ,Austrian
goverrment when a responsible Austrian guard can be furnished for the, various
,deposits. Military guards are being used on only two of these deposits at
present. One shii:ment of paintings, taj:8stries, and ,sculpture has been returned
,to the Austrian goverrment in Vienna. The more famous of these paintings will
be' shown in the exhibit at the Vienna Museun scheduled to open on 15 Decembe,r.
Another iniportant phase' of the work of the MonUIIJ6nts and Ii'ine Arts Branch
is, the' restoration of war-damaged buildings of historic and artistic signifi
cance. As the major portion of these buildings are in the 'International Zone
in Vienna, the projects are handled on 'a quadripartite basis. Temporary
,
measures are being taken to preserve the interior of these buildings from the
winter snows and rains, with the permanent repairs to be started as soon as
weather will permit in the spring.'
" ,
'
The progress in the salvaging archives has been retarded by a lack of
properly trained j:8rsonnel. ' This work involves a mllss of detail and Pains
taking research.
Action on reparations has not been taken pending'further interpretation
of; the Potsdam Protocol.
'
Restitutions have been limited; to fine arts and cultural objects~ Valuable
collections of these looted objects,have been returned to France, Netherlanda~
Russia, and Austria. These are to be followed soon by, others. The Austrian
r,estitution included the return of one of the largest ra,dium oollections in
Euroj:8, to the Radiological, Institute in Vienna. There has been one exception
to,the policy of making restitution of art and cultural objects only to the
Allied Nations. This exception was the return of the highly significant Sacred
Hand of st. Stephan to the Hungarians. This gesture had a tremendous morale'
effect on the devout ~ian people.
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147
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PROPERTY. CONTROL
R. D. 8& R. DiVISION
"I·
II
;pgOl:ERTY CCfiTROL
I
1. General.
In analysing the general mission of
of Military Government it was realized that a
ilp for tbe work to be aooomplished. The most
oontrol is the proteotion of prorerty against
the property o.::lntr01· funotion
priority r8ting m~t be. set
important funotion of prorerty
tmdue loss , either through
looting, dissipation ¢ assets due to poor management, or laok of oare and
maintenance. As business enterprises will suffer the greatest loss of
capital men improrer1y a.dministered, the Land Prorertyo Control Officers
~re instruoted to make a speoial effort to take that category at property
under oontro1, with real estate and farm lands following in that order of
priority. EmphasisW8.s:next placed on getting as many pieces of property
as possible under oontro1 by postirig the property and appointing the
.
Administrators and later seouring the finanoia1 reports and statistical
data for completed reoords. This has resulted in a oondition where, although
a great number of properties are actually under oontro1, the oompleted records
are not on file in the Property Control Branoh of the Reparation, Deliveries
and Restitution Division.
This condition. is illustrated graphioe.J.1y in
Chart v.
Another prime reason for the necessity of a stringent priority
system was the inadequaoy of Property Control personnel,. both in quantity
and in experience. A temporary alleviation of this Critioal. oondition has
been the seouring of Officers and Enlisted Men,on a temporary duty basis,
from taotioa1fie1d forces to work tmder the direot supervision of the
experienced personnel available. This is a stop-gap measure and real progress
will be oontitlgent on the securing of permanent personnel.
2.
Categories of Properties:
Although many properties subjeot to oontro1, still remain outside
the jurisdiotion of property· oontro1 officers, enough.' date, has been aoounulated
to indioate a definite trend in the classes and categories of controlled
properties. The following is a brief discussion, with related obarts, of
the various types of properties:
a.
BUBiness Enterpris§th
(See Chart I)
A tote~ of two hundred and twenty-one (221) business enterprises
have been taken under control as of November ,0, 1945. Of this number, forty
three (43) are in Land Salzburg, one hundred seventy-seven (177) in Land
Oberoesterreioh and one in Vienna. These represent the most ocmp1icated of the
properties to supervise and administer. The polioy of Property Control pro
Vides for management through the appointment administrators, in suoh 8, manner
8,s to realize the maximum benefits possible for either the United Nation.
nationals owner or the ultimate reparation aooount~
h.
Real
Estate-
(See Chart
nl
A total of three hund:J;'ed and one (:301) real estate properties.
haTe been taken under control as of 30 November 194'. Of this number, one
hundred seventy-nine were in Land Salzburg and one hundred twenty-two (122)
were in Land Oberoesterreich. A large majority of these properties are either
OW'ned by Allied Nations t nationals, ·or are alleged to have been the subject.
NOVEMBER 1945 .
148
�<;~
R. D. a R. DIVISION
MONUMENTS
a
FINE ARTS
of forced sale.· <The naxt largest" category is that of property formerly
belongLng to Nazi 'Party members<. This class of property is largely non- <
income Produoing and will probably revert.. at a later date. to the Austrian
government for disposition.
o.
CUrrency and Preoious Metals.
(See Chartr!r).
A total of twoot.y-five {25} separate <oaohes of' ourrenoy.. gold,
silver, or other metals have been located and taken underoontrol. This was
largely the property of the German Government. This ,category will not show
an increase unless additional caohes are found.
d.
Works of Arj..
{See Chart <
IV}.
Seven collections of art and oultural objects have been taken
under control with ona collection having been returne<~ to its rightful owner
as of 30 November 1945. < (See 'Part. n - Monuments and Fine Arts for additional
det.ai1s) •
r
e.
other Froperties •
(See Chart IV)
There have been thirty-nine (39] properties of a diversifiea.
or Itc~:tch-al'llt category taken under oontrol as of 30< November 1945. <'l'w'o(2)
groups' of this category have been <
returned to the rightful owners. <
f.
SU!IDJ!,""Y
'Properties of all classes and description under control as of
the period covare d by this report. total five hundre d< ninety (590). <
Business
Concerns
Real
EBtat§
Allied Nations t ,XlationalS
12
Austrian state
Nazi Party_ & Party Leaders
Other Enemy Govts.& Nationals 11
German Gove. & Nationals
lZ]
Other< Froperty
--.l
~
221
,01
6~
~otals
II.
«
~:NTS
l~
AND FINE ARTS
CUrrency &'
Preoious <Met.
Art
Other
Objects Fromr:U,
TOTAL
66
2,
52
21'
175
10
3
6
16,
3
2<
1
2
24
5
4
32
266
'34
185
7
25
6
<37
590
<
General.
The month of' November 194' brings the Monuments and Fine Arts work
at t.he United St.ates Forces in Austria into the <"h0Dl9 stretch". <
'The work
whioh started pl"ior to 1 August 1945.. under the supervision of< highly skilled
<and thoroughltexperienced personnel, has been <systematically carried <to a
'point where the task of oanpleting ,the restoration of displaced art and cul..;.
'tural objeot.s in Austria is reduced to a. few minOr details.
1'here remains as wxf'inished work the restoration of the war-damaged
buildings of historio and artistio significance. The prel~in8.ry work required
NOVEMBER 1945
,
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,
149
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HOOVER INSTITUTION
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R. D. e. R. DIVISION
MONUMENTS
a
FINE ARTS
to set up projects tor restoration has been accanplished. The starting of
actual construction is contingent on the availability of labor,material, trans
port and suitable weather. As the work is centered in the international zone
of Vienna it is handled on a quadripartite basis. In the majority of cases
provision has been made for the ereotion of temporary shelters to prevent
further damage to the interiors from the weather.
2.
Deposits.
Twenty-two (22) deposits were located iIi. Land Salzburg and.nine
teen (19) in Land Oberoesterreich. Of the total of torty-one (41) de
posits. twenty-eight (28) eontained Austrian material only. and th-e
remaining thirteen (13) contained both Austrian and Non-Austrian objects. The
policy has been to clear those deposits which contain non-Aus.trian art and send
the material to Collecting Points for later restitution ·to the owmr nations.
The Austrian museum officials have been encouraged to clear their own deposits
as ,rapidly as possible, the mcessary assistance being furnished by the United
states :MFA officers. The collections will be handed over to the Austrian
Government at the earliest practicable time.
ClEARANCE CHAR'f OF
Location.
NON-~tE'ffiIAN
Cleared
Alt Aussee
Bad Aussee
Fisohorne
Hallein
Kogl
La 0 pol elskr on
Liehtenberg
. Mi che albe tire n
Mittersill
Mondsee
st. Florian
st. Gilgen
Sieghartstein
'fotals
CCLLEC'l'ION
Partially Cleared
'To be Cleareg
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
,
X
4
6•
• Four (4) of the six (6) deposits remaining to be cleared oontain only a
small amount of material. Kogl andMondsee deposits have a considerable amOl.mt
of material. '
,.
COile cting POints.
Three Art ColleotionPoints are being.used at present. The Collect
ing Point at Munich serves as the reception center for those ~t objects of
Non-Austrian ownership which were removed from the mine at AltAussee.
'!'he Abbey at Kremsmunater is the Collecting Point of the Austrian
art material which is being returned to Austria from Munich.
The Property Control warehouse in Salzburg is used as the Collect
ing Foint for all non-Austrian art evacuated from ooposits other than the.
mine at Alt Auasee. .
.
NOVEMBER ·'945
150
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R. o. a R. DIVISION
4.
MONUMENTS
a
FINE ARTS
Work Accomplished.
a. The first. of t.he project.s undert.aken wa~ t.he clearance of t.he
mine at. Alt Aussee. There was a t.wo-fold reason for giving t.hi,g collect.ion
. first. priorit.y of at.t.enUon. .
.
I
{I} The import.ance and great. numbers of objec~s canprising
the collect.ion.
(2) The mine' at. Alt. Aussee is locat.e d in mountainous t.errain
and t.he approach of winter would tender t.he roads hazar d
our for transport. of art. object.s.
This project. was st.art.ed in July by'specialist.s of t.he Third
When the command of t.his area was shift.ed t.o USFA, a slight. delay was
,experienced while permission was being secured to cont.imw, t.heevapuat.ion of
,the cont.ent.s of t.he mine t.o t.he American Collect.ing Point. for Displaced Art.
in Munich. The facilit.ies available at. Munich are such· t.hat. t.he invent.orying
•and cataloguing can be carried on wit.h speed and accuracy due t.o t.he refer-
ence library available .t.here. A represent.at.ive ,of.' t.he MFA, USFA, was sent. t.o
, Munich t.o supervise and control t.he project. at. the .Collecting Point.. Two
officers were furnished by 'MF'A, USFET,t.o supervise t.he act.ual operat.ion at.
the mine. The trucks, truck crews, and packers were supplied by Third Army.
Appraximat.ely five t.housand (5000) object.s were removed .comprising eight-siX
(86) truck loads. The mine was canplet.ely cle,ared of Non-Austrian art. on
2 November. The Libraryof.' t.he German Arcllaelogical Inst.it.ute, also 'st.ored in
t.he Alt. Aussee mine, comprising 15000 cases is now in t.heprocess of being
remove do
Army.
1
1
b. The Hertziana Library, which had been removed. from Rome on orders
,from Hi t.ler and st.ore d in t.he salt. mino at. Hallein, near Salzburg, and in t.he
castle of.' Licllt.enberg, has been moved to t.he Propert.y Control Warehouse in
Salzburg. This operat.ion· wascomplet.ed 9 November •
. c. The entire cont.ent.s of Villa Welz, at. S~. Gilgen" which, included
many French paint.ings, print.s, 'ceramic and art. lit.erat.ure, has bee n remove d
•t.o t.he Propert.y Control Warehouse in Salzburg., This collect.ion was acquited
by Herr Welz during t.he occupation of Prance by t.he Germans and was t.o be a
part. of t.he Landesgalerie in Salzburg.
d. The cast.le at. Schloss Fiachorn'), whichcont.ained a large amount.
of mat.erial loot.ed by t.he Nazis from t.he Museum and Univerl'li t.y Library at.
Warsaw, Foland, has been cheeked, inventoried and is being removed t.o the
Propert.y Control Warehouse in Salzburg. This operat.ion will be complet.e d by
15 De camber.
e. On 17 November a carload of paintings, tapestries, and sculpture
was ret.urned. to Vienna and handed over to t.he Direct.orof the Kunsthistorisches
Museum as recipient. for the Austrian Government. These objects had been stored
in t.he mine at. Lauffen, but. had subsequently been removed by Nazi fanatica and
were recovered by American troops and deposit.ed ·in t.he Propert.y Control Ware- .
house at. Salzburg prior t.o being ret.~ned t.o Vienna.
f. On 27 November 't.he first of several shipments of art. ~bject.s
belonging t.o Austria, which had been :t:'emoved from t.he mj.ne at. Alt. Aussee to
. the Collecting Point at. Munich during t.he Third Armyoperat.ion in July, was
ret.urned t.o t.he Collect.ing Point. at. Kremsmunster, Austria; when. complete t.he·
colle ction will be taken over by t.he Austrian Government..
NOVEMBER 1945
151
... ,,;)..".
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HOOVER, INSTITI rr:TON ,~ .. NOTICE:
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NUI.LIIIUf\'ilII'IIYIf\ NO
'NOli01JlSNI lIHAOOH
R.D. a R. DIVISION
MON'UMENTS 8. FINE ARTS
g. The fanious painting 'The Artist at Work" by the Dutch 17th
oentury artist Jan Vermeer, and formerly in the Czernin Colleotion in Vienna,
was returre.d to the Austri6.n Government. This paintingha.d been appropriated
by the SS for the Hitler Museum at Linz. 'tt was later ta:r:e.n to Alt Aussee
u.d eventually to Munioh. Delivery was made -to the Director of the Kunst.
llistorisciles Museum, who reoeive.d it for the Austrian Government on 28 November.
,h. A token delivery of art obje ats was made on 20 November by an
offioer representing the Netherlands. This delivery involve.d thirty-one ()ll
paintings whioh ha.d been loote.d from the Netherlan.ds duririg German OOC'.l~tion.
5.
Work Remaining, to be, Done.
Work is in progress or projects haV'(' been set up on all remaining
work of the MOJlUlDents an.d P'ire Arts Branoh.
a. A program of urgent repair projeots for war-.damage.d buildings of
, historio and artistic 1mporta:!08 has been' drawn up by the MFA representative /IJ
of the :Four Oooupying Nations with the aFlsistanoe of the Austrian Monuments
oftioials. This' program inoludes repairs an.d restoration of the follOlVing
buildings:
(l)
The Stephans.dom
(2)
The Augustinerkir abe
())
The Salvatorkirohe
(4)
The RuppreohtSkirche
(5)
The
(6)
The Albertina
sav~yisohe
"
,
Damenstdft
(7) The Kunsthistorisches Museum
(8)
The Liohtenstein Winterpalais
The permanent repairs on these struotures will start when the
neoe ssary materials, and labor are available an.d weather oonditiona will permit.
, .
,
, b. ,There remains at the mine at Alt AuSsee, the Library of the
German Arohaelogioal Institute from Rome, paokeq in 1500 oases. This library
will have been move.d to the Property Control Wuehouse in S8.lzburg by 15 December.
o. All ,material looted by the Rosenberg organization and st.ore.d~
at JlI:esent, at Sohloss Kogl, will be remove.d to the Colleoting Point at Munich
,
'
"
'
by 26 Deoember.
d. The art material narr in process of being move.d from Sohloss
Pisohorre an.d Sohlostl M:l.ttersill to the warehouse in Sal~burg will be completed
by
December. ,
"
"
'
1,
,e. ,he final. shipnent of Austrian art trom the Colleoting Point at
,
lIUJl1l?h to the Abbey of ltremsmumster will be made on 14 December.,
NOVEMBER 1945
152
�•
R. D. e. R. DIVISION
ARCHIVES ,REPARATION
a RESTITUTION
t.. The musical instrument collection originally from the Museum at
N'ueI'uberg"now at Schloss Siegbart.st.ein, will be moved to the Property Contro
Warehouse in Salzburg by ,0 De oember •
III ARCHIVE S.
Progress in the salvage of archives has been retarded by the absence of
the Chief of Branch, who has been hospiWized for thepa.stthree months. ,He,'
. has now returned to duty and the sts:ff has been further a~nted by a civilian
,specialist from the states.
'
The Archives of the Court-Chancery, the Protocols of the Councils of
Ministers, the Records of the Ministry of Justice,and the Patens 'of !lobility,
are under control at Bad Iscbl. .These documents will be turmd over, to t:he
Austrian GoverI'll!lent when suitable housing and moessary" transport are .available
tor their return to Vienna.
'
Documents relating to militarism and Nazism have been turned over to the
G-2' documents Center.
I
li'ield inspections are in progress to check the handling of local archives
in the' Laender, by Military Government Teams.
.
IV. ,REPARATIONS. '
, The Potsdam Protocol establisbedthe general policy for reparations in
Austria. It did not, however, deal specifically ~tli German-owned pl:-operty
in J\ustria. There is a large amount, of property in Austria held under German
title which may be subject to reparations as German external assets." '!'be
'
validity of the" German ownership must be established. ':Policy goverrdng prinaiple,'
to be applied in determining ownership of such properties are now under con
. s~deration on a governmental level. Allotments or ~emoval8 on aocoUJ?t of repa
'rations will not be. approve d until, ~'high level policy ~s tormulate d•.
.An operating procedure
tor
handling
the ,meohanics
of reparation is being
developed.
v.
I
BESTI'l'UTION., ,
1. Tbe ildtial restituticn polioy provided roronly the
,
tiable works of art and cultura+objeets• . In aooordance with
the restitution of ert and cultural objects, which were moved
'dur~ng German ocoupation, is being made and will be concluded
return, Ot identi
this direetive.
into Austria
at an early date.
,
2. Reoent directives bl~den the policy of restitution. Steps are beiDg
taken. to implement the directives and to develop' a uniform procedure. UndSr
the interim policy the following goVernments have been invited to prepare
oonsolidated lists of items taken by Germans in order to facilit.ate identifioation
of such property in the United States Zone: ' Prance. Belgium. USSR. Luxembourg.
Netherlands, Norway. Denmark. Poland, Czechoslovakia,'Greece, Yugoslavia.•
Restitution during the interim period will. be made only to the abow mentiolled
c.ountries. Atter each list has been examined t.y the ZOIle Camnander. the several
cpuntries ~noerned will be permitted to send small missions into the Zone ~or
i'dentif'ioation of these 1t.ems and to ,arrange for their return. !o date •. there
bavebeen no lists received from any nation. It is expected that these are
b6ing prepared for early' submission.
'
I
,. 'All properties which maY' be subject to restitution are being taken
,under control, recor~d and held pending develop:nents. '
'
NOVE,MBER 1945
i
lis photocopy'may hot be further reproduced
153
HonVFR 'IN,TTTT 1'1"'1(1"1 ' ,~
N(Y1"TCR, 'I'!HS;M.a..pR!H~r
MhV
�l:JVld lINV NOI~n1OAlli 'lIViYI. NO
NOliO.LLLSNI lI3:AOOH.
PROPERTY CONTROL
R. 0.8& R. DIVISION
177 BUSINESS CONCERNS
.LAND OBEROESTERREICH· .
60
NAZI PARTY LEADER$
.36
ALL OTHERS
99
GERMAN
a
GERMAN NATIONAL
43 BUSINESS CONCERNS
LAND SALZBURG
! .
28 .
GERMAN AND
GERMAN NATIONAL
,
.
,
CHART· I
NOVEMBER 1945
154
.\
�"
)
. R. D. Sa R. DIVISION
·PROPERTY CONTROL
.,' 179 REAL ESTATE . PROPERTIES '.".
. . .
...
.
'
,
LAND OBEROESTERREICH
.'.
,
'.
1
I
I
160
lEADERS'
.1
1
I
I
1
,~
i
"
',."
122 REAL ESTATE,
PR9~ERT.IES
·LANDnSALZBURG,
"
.'
\
. 87
'. GERMAN AND
GERMAN NATioNALS·"
142,
. UNITED :NATIONAlS
. CHART 2
"
NOVEMBER 1945 .'
155
• 1
;:u,..,:.
',is photocopy: may not
~
fut"thet"
r~produced
-HOOVFR 'INSTl~'rT-TTT()N . ~
.'
.
.
NOTICE:: THTS MATP.RJ >\T, MAY
�.
~H~IijXdOO xa as~~ijd 3a
X'dW '1\IIM3~'dW snu :3;)I.tON
3:JV3d ONV NOIJ.n101\311 'lIVIl\ NO
NOliO.LLLSNI ll3:AOOH
, ,
t:tD~
1
e. R. DIVISION
PROPERTY-CONTROL
25 PROPERTY GROUPS
CURRENCY
a
PRECIOUS METALS
6
OTHER
ENEMy
3
AUSTRIAN
STATE
.16
GERMAN GOVT. S NATIONALS
. CHART 3
NOVEMBER 1945
156
�1"
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'\~.': '~~r:~\
'1.',
'. .;
"' ~. ,
R. D. a R. DIVISION
PROPERTY CONTROU"" "'.'
,
'
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.'
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6 GROUPS O-F ART OBJECTS"
.,_i
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.,
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•
.!
3 - AUSTRIAN STATE
2-0THER ENEMY~-GERMAN GOVT.
··,GOVT. 81 NAT10NALS\S NATIONALS
;,'
".
37 OTHER PROPERTIES
'.
NAZI PARTY
,LEADERS
5
iTHER ENEMY
GOVT. a NATIONAL
I
8
CHART 4
NOVEMBEAt945
"
·is photocopy may not be,further reproduced
157
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'~
NOTTeR: THJS MII'rF:RTlH.
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R.D. a R. DIVISION·
. .tHDIHAdCO xa Cl3.:r.:ta.LO~d 313
XVW 'lVl~.tVW SIH.t :3:>I.tON
~
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. ,
i
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:!no4:!1"" pa:!nqp':lS1P .l~
pa::>npo.lda.l .la4:!.ln} aq ':lou .-\ew .-\do::>o':104d s14..1
-po4:!n~ :::"~:n::>ads' a4:!
�':;;.'
......
,
-:'
l-~ ~ t. If"
;' ·:::)J:,:}~'··\;V··.
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I'
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:>'. ':
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'.
,
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'"j,' '.
.
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....
,", .~,',;'MONTHLY ,SUMMARY
)
,
,
P.ROPERTIES UNDER' CONTROL
r'----r---:---:-~---~-;-----.
600"
't,. ,
589
550
'f'
500 .I
/1
I
LEGE NO
,
,I
-
450
TOTAL
: - - - OBEROESTERREICH
- - - SALZBURG
400 I
,!
'1
v
I
374 '
"
350
I
t
r
I
300 I
I
'
i
j
'I
250
.
,'ll
;, ~ J
~',
,
r
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I
I
.71."
200 I-
"
i
"""I ',',
150
215
'';
./.
,
. ..
"
:/
,.".::~
'1
100
,./,
,. '.'
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,
,~~
~~t;lt'i{f . '
."\'
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"
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.I'
. ''1,;1
. ~'.
50
o c;=
j
" .'
31
JUL.
31
AUG.
30
SEPT.
30
31
OCT.
NOV.
"-,"
NOVEMBER 1945
}
.....
.
.,
......
~
,
159
,~
t ""'.
"
is ohotocopymay not be ,further reproduced
..
.. :"h";
'
H()()"PR Tf\J,'TT'TT T'TTry"T.
~
NI'Yl'T("P.,
'l'~T,'" "~'l'~p.,...ir
MhV
�_"'_'061121.00 ~3.9 FAX 202 371 5678
,.
,
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMM1SS
, REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE:,;
The Distribution of Books in Jewish DP Camps by American Joint Distribution
.'.,:
,.'.
.
.
'..I' Committee (A'JDC):
" '
V./~\ "
TheArri~ican Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC) played a very important role
~ 'c:~'j;)a
!f!i \:,~.~.J'
in providing humanitarian relief to Jews in displaced camps throughout Europe. As part
of its humanitarian effort, the AIDC distributed more th~ 20,000 books from OAD in
VlJ~\~~\j~::.';';different Jewish DF camps. Ho:(ever, because theAJD,C violated its ag~eeme~~
0)'/('1 .
,,' (~
~vt'
/L _.2.~GU~~ the loan of these books, the book distribution was halted by OMGUS in
February 1947.
~, l'-~I
~
.
The AJDC made its fIrst request to OMGUS for the loan of 25,000 books, to be
(
distributed in Jewish DP campt as early as November 28, 1945. 1 Judge Simon Rifkind,
an Advisor to the Theater Commander on ~ewish Affairs, made the request to OMGUS
~ on behalf ofthe AlDC. 'This request was refused on December 1'5, 1945;2 The re~:son for
~ ~
~~J~
refusal was the MF A&A' s fear that t~e loan would complicate the restitution process
Ii'?( since it was~iDtifficult to ascertain '.;hich books belonged to identifiable owners. In
addition, Paul Van,derbilt, Technical Advisor for Archives and Libraries mth the
. W(/V'v,./,
~\)
~V~+lD'(\.~6('
'-
UV"'~ <'! ~
.l)C\O
IJ'-'
, '
MF A&A, ~a1!eEi thai he doubted "whether the consideration ofthis removal as a 'loan'
'
could be taken seriously in camps for displaced persons.,,3 Vanderbilt was also warned
f-:)
~,Jt'
JJ{~Jt ~
that if such a loan were to. be authorized, it would "open the doors" to similar
proposal~
4
"')resulting in the scattering of these materials.
1Ii~; ~\JJ'
On J.nuary'9, 1946, Judge Ritkind made a personal request to General Clay on
tJ'l, ~~\.I,)J behalf ofthe NnC. In his request, Judge Rifkind described the efforts ofUNRRA and
5
..~
~\N -
r" .
,
III
Jewish voluntary organizations in creating educational and cultural programs in the .DP
Camps. He stated that the need for therequested reading materials was
~.'acuten
and that
J Tobffice of the Inspeaor General, from Richard H. Howard, Memorandum, "Report and Request for
Investigation", 20 FebIUazy 1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall Collection, Box 66 [117138-117140]
2. See To Office of the Inspector Gencra1, from Richard H. Howard, "Repon and Request for Investigation",
Memorandwn, February 20.1947, NACP,:RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [117138-1171401 .
• 3 From Paul Vanderbilt to Capt Ratisky, "Seledion and removal of books from RomcHiLD library
building at request of Judge RIFKlND", 15 December 1945, NACP. RG 260, Box 721 [110495-110496].
4 From Paul Vanderbilt to Capt. btisky, "Selection and removal of bOoks frOID ROTHCHILD library
building at request of Judge R.IFKIND", 15 December 1945, NACP, RG 260, Box 721 [110495-110496].
MFA & A to Office: of the Inspector General, OMGUS, Memorandwn, "Report and Request for
Investigabon",20 Februaxy 1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall Collection.. Box 66 [117138-1171401
5
'.
.''> •
,I, ,I"
d'
.'
,
�06?12/~0 ~31 FAX 202 3715678
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
@003
REPRODUCED ATTHE NATIONAL ARCHIVE~,j
"
the DPs were «starved for reading and study materials.,,6 Judge Rifkind suggested that
materials for the loan be taken from Frankfurt and
Offenbac~
where "thousands of
ordinary books of no historical or artistic merit" could be found,?
As part of an effort to ensure the approval of this request; Judge Ritkind proposed
that three experts would ensure that no valuable items would be included in the loan,
These experts were Professor Koppel S. Pinson, Professor of History at Queens College,
New York/: Rabbi Alexander Rosenberg, member of the Executive Committee QfUnion
..
of Orthodox Rabbis;9 and Professor Samual Sar, Dean of Yeshiva University in New
York. lO Judge Rifkind ass'ured General Clay that "these men are eminently qualified to
make a selection which would in no way prejudice the preservation of the historical, rare
and valuable character ofthe collection nor interfere with its restoration to rightful
To further ensure that only unidentifiable books of no significant value would be
included in the loan, the AIDe proposed the following guidelines in selecting the books:
"a. That no book be borrowed that is jn any way unusual, irreplaceable, very
,
valuable, or very difficult to procure. b. That no book be withdrawn that has been
s.~v"~ I
established as the property of any.known institution or individual." 12
~ With these guidelines, the pledge of h'f.Beintegrity\as a "financiallr, responsible
.
~
of?- -I1..t. AJ be.
organization," 13 and the personal recommendation of Judge Rifkind, General Clay
approved the request on January 12, 1946 14
After the approval ofthe loan, various Jewish organizations expressed their
concern. For example, Zorach Warhafid, a representative of the World Jewish Congress,
reported that the Jewish DPs were pressing for study books. He noted that "they ask for
6
To Lt. General Lucius Clay from Simon H. R.ifk:ind. "'Jewish Books", tener, 7 January 1946, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, 'Sox 66~rJJ
7
To Lt Gene:ral Lucius Clay from Simon fl. Rilkind, "Jewish BOOks", letter, 7 January 1946, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 6fOJ
'
.
Also Editor of Jewish Social Studies; Secretary of CoIDJIriSsion for European. Cultural Reconstruction;
and Vice-chairman of Academic Council of Jewish Relations.
9 Also founder and ex-president of Rabbinical Caunell of America, autbority in the filed of Rabbinic
8
~~
,
,
10
~e:i
Also Vice-president ofMizrachi.
II
To Lt. General Lucius Day from Simon H. Ri1kind, "Jewish Books", leUer, 7 JanuaIY 1946, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia
.
. :y C1 MFA &1947,Hall, Boxthe260, Ardelia Thill Collection, Box 66 ' "Report and Request for Investigation", 20
: Februmy A to NACP,of 66.mSpector General, OMGUS, M£mo:rsndum,
Oftice
:--.....
RG
[l1713S.117140]
13 To Lt. Galcral Lucius Clay from Simon H. Rifkind, "Jewish Books", lel1er, 7 January 1946, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66.
.
14
To Judge Riikind from B:rylm L. Milbum,lelta, 13 January 1946, NACP, RG 260,Anfelia Hall, Box 66.
2
�06
1 5 : 31 FAX
---- /1 2i 0 0----------,
20 2 371 5
------ 678
HOLOCALIST ASStn:s COll1,M1 SS
/
REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE~'i
a
simple;~.e
I
:
?
\~.~~~~ ~'UI
rare copies or editions, but due to the lack of Jewish knowledge on the part of
the librarian and his staff, mistakes can be made ... one can only imagine how many
valuable books wilf be among these volumes.,,15 Another Jewish ~gaDlzation. the JC&,
was also concerned about the possible loss of books in DP camps.··-loshua Starr,
Executive Secretary of the JC&, stated in a report that although the texts shipped to the
DP camps w~re considered a loan, "the possibilit:r, oftheir being returned 'is quite .
remote.,,16 However, he did acknowledge that no valuable texts were shipped as part of
this loan "as far as it is humanely possible to keep track,,17
..
The procedure for the transfer of books t6\':.t.lnc was created by the MFA&A in
~
,
February 1946. 18 According to tms transfer procedure, Rabbi Rosenberg ofthe AJDC
would make the inhial selection of the books. After his selection was complete, Mr. Glen
H. Goodman ofthe DAD would screen the selection and remove any books that might be
identified for restitution. Captain Seymour Joseph Pomrenze, Director of DAD, would
then review the selection to remove any rare or valuable books. Finally, Mr. Pau.l
Vanderbilt, Technical Advisor to MF A&A, would draft the receipts to be used =each
transfer WIilS made. ]9
By June 1946, 19,127 Jewish books whose ownership or nation of origin could
~(v ff. i 'fIltJ
0
not be di~U:1eV@feEl were transferred to the AlDC. 2 These books were to be distributed in
,
,
~~.(~)
DP camps through UNRR.AtX:21 The AJDC.asSUfCed OMGUS that the responsible UNRRA
.
O'r. f..y'JVJ,-"'- :a'~ ~ '\
.
o:ffi cers In each camp we~mng receIpts lor eaen sh'.pment. C ' 0 f t h ' recelpt~\
l
oples
ese
as well as lists of the book titles
distribute~were, according to the AJDC, being kept in)
)
,
/5
'
To 1. Robinson from Zorac;h Warhaftig, "CC: Rabbi Fedcrtmsh. Dr. Kubowitzki"", Memo, January lS,
1946, American Jewish Archives, Cinci:nnati, Ohio, World Jewish Congress Papers, Box: EI0 (116082,
116083].
16 "Excerpts from Dr. Joshua Starr's Report dared Frankfllrt, June 2, 1948", letb;t, American Jewish
Archives, Cincinnati., Ohio, World Jewish Congress Papers, BoX EIO [116063-116066],
I? "Excerpts from Dr. Joshua Starr's Report dated FrankfUl't, June 2, 1948", letter, 'American Jcwish
Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio, World Jewish Congiess Papers, Box EIO [116063-116066J.
III From RD.M. Grier, Captain Information, Assistant Chief of:MFA.&A Section, "Archives.Qffenbach
Col1eclingPoinl", Memorandum, NACP, RG 260, Records of USA Headquarters, Box 720, [110561j.
19 From HD.M. Grier. Captain Information, Assistant Chief ofMFA&A Section, hArchives..offenbach
Collecting Point", Memorandum, NACP, RG 260, Records of USA Headquarters, Box 720, [110561]; See
also To Col. Kluss, from Paul Vanderbilt, letter, 4 February, 1946, NACP, RG 260, Records of USA
Headqua:rters., Box 720 [110560].
~o To Mr. Cronin, Restitution Branch, from L.B. LaFarge, Major, Jewish CIl1tur.1l Material",
Memorandum, 3 June 1946, NACP, RG 260, AIdelia Hall, Box 66 r30S581-305S&2].
'
:1I To:Mr. Cronin. Restitution Branch, from L.B. LaFargc, Major, "Jewish Cultural Material",
Memorandum, 3 June 1946, NACP, RG 260, ArdcliaHall, Box 66 [305581-305582].
U
3
�06112/00
19J 005
.
.
'. . REPRO;UCED AT THE
~TIONAl A~CHIVE~.,
~
the AJDC's office. 22 In addition,
OfVUJlAS N\PAA 0 ff\{A~ ~ ~
the AJDC assured!tha.t proper facilities would be .
"'... ", ~
\
.
available in each DP camp for the preservation of the books:
23
According to a report by the AIDC, the following DP camps received books
under. the loan agreement: Aglasterhausen, Amberg, Backnang, Bamberg, ~ Berlin,.
J----S
Biberach, Deggendorf, Eschwege, Fahrenwald Feldafing, Freimann Siediung/Munich,
Fulda, Furth, Geringshof, Heidenheim, Lampertheim. Landsberg, Leipheim,f1ittenwald,
f~ .
Munich (Rabbinat), Pocking, St. Ottillien, Stuttgart> Zeilsheim, Frankfurt, Marburg, Bad
Nauheim, and Gailingen. 24 The distributed books included German JeWi,h1enCYclOPediaS,
dictionaries and handbooks, classics of Yiddish and Hebrew literature, general literature
in German: English and French and rabbinical literature for the use of ortJodox: Jews?S
. .. Throughout the prooess
o~ distribution of books to the DP camps.fhe AIDe was
cnticlzed for Its alleged mIshandlIng of the books_ For example, on Janllary 12, 1947,
Mr. Mordechair M_ Breuer, an UNRRA Educational Officer at
~,
~~n wrote to
the European Head Office ofthe AJDC complaining that identifial5'le-t>ooks were sent to
the camp by the AJDC:
%v'eral months ago the Joint team at Bergen-Belsen received a great
number of Hebrew and lewish books which were sent to them by the AJDC,
Frankfurt for the use ofBel sen camp inmates_ As Educational Officer at Belsen
Camp, I took an interest in the matter. To my great astonishment I found among
the books several which were clearly inscribed with the name "FANNY
BREUER", I also found several other books by well-known German-Jewish
orthodox writers such as S,R. Hirsch, parts ofthe title pages of which, where
obviously the owner's name had been inscribed, had been cut away. All these
books carried the stamp "AIDC LIBRARY- NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM
PRENITSES~
.
~he discovery ofthe name mentioned above, the bearer ofwhlch,
incidentally a cousin of mine, lives at Tel-Aviv, 4 Weisel Street, as well as other
names of well-known Frankfurt families, must lead to the obvious conclusion that
To John H. Allen from American Joint Distribution Committee. "Application for extension of loan from
Offc:ribach Collection Poinl", tener, July 12, 1946, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66_
l3 To John H. Allen from American Join! Distribution Committee, "Application for extension ofloan from
Offenbach Collection PoUn", letter, July 12, 1946, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66.
24 To John H. Allen from American Joint Distribution Committee, "Application for extension of loan from
Offenbach Collection Point", lener, July 12, 1946, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall. Box 66.
2S Koppel S_ Pinson. "Jewish Life in Libemled Germany: A Study of Jewish DP's", Je'W:ish Social Studiel! 9
(April 1947), page 12L (J
22
4
..
�Lffl UUb
.. REPRODUCED
A~ THE ~ATIONAL A~~HIVE~;
AIDC incorporated in their library many books the rightful owners of which are
still alive in many pans of the world including Palestine and the U.S.A.,·26
'B~ jlMr. Breuer concluded the letter by acknowledging the importance ofthe use of these
.. A
books in DP camps, but stated that he felt "bound to protest in the names of many Jews
formerly resident in Germany, against this lawless handling of property whose ownership
could, and can still, easiJy be establishecV,:7 •
en i\CA tf1V'"'\
In a response to Mr. Breuer's l~r, the AIDC explained that because the books
"'~
.----
were issued as a loan. Dr. Koppel Pinson had each book stamped "ADJC library-not to be
~
removed from the premises. ,,28 ~ measure was taken as simple precaution, although "it
I'his
was expecte::hat some ofthe books would be 10st.,,29
..........
'----As for the ownership of the
books, the ADJC explained that "our Army officials felt that some of the books might be
claimed at a ~r date by the owners or their heirs:,30 thus, Mr. Breuer's relatives from
,\'.
.. b .
-to ttl.J..V~
. Jt.
~ \\:
'dX>~
k
~~
~
Palestine were advised to file an action in Palestine for the return of their books.
":
camp~ was. violation ~fthe loan ~I~
agreement between OMGUS and AIDe. ~~ eJJl, ~ ~~.~ eJJ.- ~ \tl.
However, the distribution ofidentifi.ble books to DP
w:~~
The allegations against the AJDe continued when in December 1946, five boxes \
\O~
of Hebrew and Yiddish irreplaceable and very valuable manuscripts disappeared from
~ OAD. 31
outgoin~:;ceipt for these boxes, wiilt~ that th~y contained 1100
items, was signe(~~)he be in the name of Koppel Pinson. 32 After extensive '
The
investigation by the OMGUS, the boxes were eventually located in Hebrew University,
-
______
~-= OMWS Mf"Ap(J) OA\) 6~~?·
(lq... A"t~
a.~
, -+o~
25 To The European Head Office, American Joint Dislribution Q;,mmittee, from Mordechair M. Breuer,
lelter, January 12, 1946 [year corrected to 1947], Central Archives faT the History of the Jewish People,
Jerusalem, Israel, JRSO NY, File 875 [115485]'
.
27 To The Europe.an Head Office, American Joint Djstribution Committee, from MordechaiI M Breuer,
leiter, January 12, 1946 [year corrected to 1947], Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People,
NY, File 875 [115485].
Jerusalem, lsrae~
:z8 To AIDC Paris, attention Mr. Herbert :K.atzki. Secretary, from M 1. JosloV>', Executive Assistant. AIDC
New York, "Jewish Books in BeIsen library", lcu.er, February 5,1947, Central Archives for the History of
the Jewish People. Jerusalem, Israel. ruo NY, File 875 [115483]. .
.
~9 To AIDC Paris, attention Mr_ Helbert KalZld, Secrcwy, from M J. Joslow, Executive Assistapt, AIDC
New York, "Jewish Books in BelScn library", lelLer, February 5, 1947, Central Archives for the History of
the Jewish People, Jerusalem, Israel, JRSO NY, File 575 [115483].
.
30 To AIDe Paris, attention Mr. Herbert Katzki, Secretary, from M 1. Joslow, Executive Assistant, AIDC
New York, .,Jewish Books in BCl:lscn library", lcuer. Febru.:uy S, 1947, Central.Archivcs for the HiSLoxy of
the Jewisp People, Jerusalem, Israci, ruo NY, File 875 [115483].
.
31 To Office oflnspectorGenera1, OMGUS, fromRichardF. Howard, Chief, MFA&A Section., "Report
and Request for Investigation", Mtmorandum, February 20,1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia HaU, Box 66
~'f~
~
ruo
[117138-117139J
5
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where they were iUegaHy sent10MGUS cOttte Bot
thelInVO~Vement oftlie i%oIDC in
h' . 'd
b I-SJW (jUAJ~ ~
db h AJ"DAC{DbCS .
. t IS mCl ent, ut It b 8CRFRe )J:~y ~gltate y t e
s e haVlOf. .
~ 7).0 ~. ~
V~ . /_ ..
'PC:::
~tterto"kmc on~ 1947/:rt;;;;;dore A. Heinrich, Chief of ~ ~
\\ "':Jvcfr: (MFA&~wrote:
.
'. .
.
. Ob frt.-vl.
,:J
In
~\J~ ~ ~
,~r letter to:.Mr, Home, Director of the Offenbach Archival Depot. ~~.
announcing the appointment ofMis!. Lucy Schildkret as the official
representative ofthe AJDC to the Depot and as the only person authorized 'to
draw books, manuscripts or ceremonial objects from the Offenbach Archival
..
Depot fo~ distribution to the Displaced Persons in Germany' has been brought to '\
my attention~
.
.
) '1~~~
,k,I must point out, however, that the terms ofthe loans to the AiDc for
r
supplying reading matters to the Oisplaced Persons Camps are confined to books . ~;I=!;~
of unidentifiable ownership. No person or organization has at any time been
~
authorized to draw manuscripts or other unique objects on loan or for any other
purpose save restitution to a claimant national when satisfactory identification and
proof of ownership have been presented, and there is no likelihood that the policy
in this respect will be altered~
.
This letter, as well as the other violationsofthe loan agreement,~prompted OMGUS
()vetil'-' ;~vJY- .
. if
v.ftl.,
/
.
'
to pay closer attention to the AJDC's actiyities.
l~ ~ CU\...«
Onrf~ly j), 1946 Koppel Pinson requested an additional 25,000 books as an ~ ~
.extension
~fthe origina1loan. J4 on@~ 7, 1947, Rabbi Bernstein, Advisor to the ~ Q\..olut. ~
Theater Commander of Jewish Affair~~~lso requested consideration on behalf of the
AIDC for this extension. 35 Before responding to this request, OMGUS requested that
~
th~ .
AIDC submit a detailed report on the fate of the books drawn under the original loan
agreement 36 It had been six months since OMGUS received the last activity report frO:p1
the AIDC, and it was concerned with the recent alJegation1~~an~tfn~~b&&c~ . ,
t:he AIDS,
31 To Office ofInspeclor General, OMGUS, from Richard F. Howard, Chief, :MFA&A Section, '<Report
and Request for Investig-dtion", Memorandum, February 20, 1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66
[117138-117139].
33
"f-Ua
To American Joint Distribution Committee, [Tom Theodore A Heinrich, Chief, "MFMA, AJ])C
U
Repre:sentatiw at Offenbach Archival Depot", letter, 24 February 1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box
66.
,
3~ To Col lH. Allen, from Lester K. Born, "Loan of Jewish Books from Offenbach Archival Depot",
Memorandl..LIll, February 27,1941, NACP, RG 260, Property Division, Box 722.
~s To Commander in Chief, European Command, from Rabbi Philip S. Bernstein" "Loan of Books from
~. ?
Offenbach An;bival Depot to Jewish Displaced Persons Camps, RG 5 6 - 36 To American Joint Distribution Committee, from John H, Allen, "Books loaned from Offenbach
Archival DepOl", letter, February 26, 1947, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66.
ri
6
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HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
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When ~ucy Schildkert., the AIDC's representative, arrived at Offenbach in
February 1947, the Office ofMilitary Government of Greater Hesse was asked by the
Economic Division of OMGUS to report on her activities in the Depot.
37
By the time of
her arrival, the AIDe had distributed 20,201 books under the original loan agreement.
Miss SchiJ.dkret
311
wa~or~ aftf'AD to select ~a~OOO bogks of
.
unident~f~:ble ownership under the original loan agreemenl';;t25,000 books. Without her
knowledge, MissSchildkrefs activities were being reviewed by Joseph Home, Director
..
of ~AD. In a r~po~ to. O~GUS, Horne stated that. th~jterialS selected by ~r
Schlldkert for dlstnbutlon In DP camps were examined' wIthout her knowledge by Dr.
Ernst Grummach, who reported that her work was in accordance with the regulations and
~
restrictions of the AIDC's loan agreement.3? Home further reported that Schildkret
investigated t~e AIDC files and was convinced that there. were some irrelWlarities. She v\N..~
felt that the AJDC could not account for as many as 10,000 books transferred to its
custody.4£)
~
~ ~
.'
Despite'#iese-findings by-'.bttey Schildkre('Joseph Home recommended that the
5;000 books already
?efft~ by Schildkret be approved for shipment as the last
tvY'
~
~.
disbursement for the AJDC. In his report to OMGUS Home explained:
..J.yt is clear that she is distressed by the mess which her predecessor (Koppel
Pinson) made of the whole affair, and it is believed that she sincerely desires to
clear up whatever irregularities can be cleared up. She has little sympathy with
the motives which impel so many of her persuasion, for example she is not a
Zionist, and she does nttbelieve in grabbing everything which is not bolted '\
dOwn''-../
.
'La ~,.(6lA..
\
37 To Office of Military Govenunent (US) from Joseph A. Horne, Director of Offenbach Arclrivai Depot,
"Loan of books to the American Joint Distribution Committee", Mcmorandmn, March 3 1947, ~ACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [319149-319150]
3S This number of books were distributed in 15 shipments from OAD. To Col. J.H. Allen from Lester K
Bom, "Loan of Jewish Books from Offenbach Archival Depot", Memo.randum, February 27, 1947, RG
260, Property Division, Box 722.
3!t To Office of Military Government (US) from Joseph A. Home, Director of Offenbach Archlval Depot,
"Loan of books to the American Joint Distribution Committee", Memorandum, March J 1947, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [319149-319150]
o.(l To Office ofMilil.a:ry Governmenl (US) from Joseph A Home, Director of Offellbach Archival Depot,
"Loan ofbooks to the American Joint Distribution Committee", Memorandum, March 3 1947, NACP. ItG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [319149-319150]
7
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.
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;
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.9(. Also, this would be the final loan under the terms of the original
arran~ement,
ill~
and the Depot would have the organization off its neck for good and
.
Although Home recommended that the final transfer of 5,000 books under the original
,
.JWL~
"?
'
,
loan be approved, he did not support Ill( extenSIon of the loan agreement.
On February 27, 1947, Major Lester K. Born) anI Archives officer with the
.MF A&A, wrote a lengthy report to Colonel J. H. Allen, Chief ofthe Restitution Branch,
-.'S:)
on the handling of books by the AlDc. 42 Born was alarmed to discover that some ofthe
DP camps which received boo~s from the AJDC have since been dismantled, and several,
.
~.
such as Belsen, were not/in the American zone of occupation. Born also found that no
I
4
lists of book titles sent to the DP camps could be found at the AIDC offices. 43 He
concluded that the AJDC "is not the proper agency with which to de~with because of (1)
past record in relation to OAD, and (2) channels ofresponsibility.,,44 He recommended
that "no further loan ofbooks; to any agency for any purpose, be made at this time. ,,45
As a result of this report and the recommendation made by Horne, the agreement
with the AJDC for the distribution of books to DP camps was terminated by OMGUS on
July 15, 1947. 46 In a letter to the AIDC and Lucy Schildkret, Lieutenant Colonel.
G.H.Grade explained the reasons for termination:
Jsy the 5th of July 1947, one year later, it apparently was possible to discover the
whereabouts ofapproximately 'hlOO out ofthe total of more than 19,000. There is
no evidence of any receipts on
in the AJDC office and no evidence that the
books have been carefully cared for.J-;0reover, as you know, the AID,C, possibly
through no fault of its own, was used for the removal of books of great value and
known ownership, and it has required intensive investigation to discover the
source and nature of that unauthorized move.A.Jlegations have also been made
that other removals have been made under the cloak of this loan to AJDC, which
me
11 To Office of Militu'y Govemmatt (US) from Joseph A. Horne, Direclor of Offenbach Archival Depot,
"Loan of books to the American Joint Distribution Committee", Memorandwn, March 3 1947, NACP, RG
260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [319149-319150]
42 To Col. J.H~ Allen, from Lester K Born, "Loan of Jewish Books from Offenbach Archival Depot",
Memorandum, Febru.:ny 27,1947, NACP, RG 260 Box 7220
.
4:> To Col. J.H. Allen. from Lester K. Bom, "Loan of 1ewish Books from Offenbach Archival Depot",
Memorandum, FebruaI)' 27, 1947, NACP, RG 260 Box. 7220
'14 To Co. J.H. Allen, from Lester K. Born, "Loan of Il::Wish Books from Offenbach Archival Depot",
Memorandum, February 27,1947, NACP. RO 260 Box 722 U
45 To Col. I.H. Allen, from Lester K Born, "Loan of Jewish Books from Offenbach ATchival Depot",
Memorandum, February. 27,1947, NACP, RO 260 Box 7220
16 To American Joint Distribution Co:trunittee, from G.H. Garde, "Loan of Books", ]eller, 15 July 1947,
NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [100551-1005521.
8
..
�. REPRODUCED AT THE
~010
~ATIONAL A~~HIVE::
were both un~ustified and illegal. Investigation ofthese allegations has not been
completed~
. .
Lieutenant Colonel Garde concluded that "it is not felt that any further loans can be made
at this time. ,,48 This included the last 5,000 books under the original loan with the AJDC.
These 5,000 books were later distributed in DP camps through a loan to the newly formed
Board of Education and Culture for the Liberated Jews.,ofGermany.49
In conclusion, it was evident that the need for reading materials by Jewish DP' 5
was dire. Some ofthe
DPs~not see~ Hebrew text for more than six years. The
.
organization of adult study groups and children' 5 classes in the Jewish DP camps helped
.
the DPs to~aina sense ofnonnalcy in their lives. With the loan of books from OMGUS,
the AJDC helped the DPs in a way that other organizations could not. However, the
allegations of misconduct and mishandling of books by the AIDC cannot be ignored.
Enough evidence has been gathered to prove that the terms of the loan agreement were
violated repeatedly. The distribution of identifiable or valuab'le books was enough to
.
.
justify OMGUS's termination of the agreement.
~.~ JC!>~\~ ~~ U.~~
~ "6 fu, Of~ r~~
~.
U~
WoL~~· ~
POVf1OA M-S
1
fA- Ck.Q(
()(~ ~ I'~ lALQ ~.J~~
~ ~ ~ ~- DuvJts:t-'l.L'tl~
lfrM·~.
To American Joint DistIibution Committee, from G.H. G-dI'de, "Loan of Books", letter, 15 July 1947,
NACP, RG 260, AIdclia Hall, Box 66 [100551-100552]. ( )
fln.. A"..
~8 To American' Joint Distribution Committee, from G.H. Garde, "Loan of Books", 1cner, 15 July 1947,
NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 66 [100551·100552].
'i~ To OffiCI(; ofMllitary Government (US), from Joseph A. Home, "Receipt for books to the Board of
Education and Culture for the Liberated Jews in Germany", letter, NACP, RG 260 Box 721 [100491].
{lb~~s
17
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�Search - 27 Results - menzel/5 list
Page] 2 of]4
in view of the fact that it touches upon the argument of defendants' good faith, the
background and nature of the exception are treated in the accompanying footnote. n5
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Footnotes- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:
n5 Arnold Bernstein was a shipowner of the Jewish faith who lived in Germany.
Under the Nazi regime, his worldly possessions were ruthlessly taken from him. In January,
1937, he was imprisoned in Hamburg, Germany, where he was given reasonable grounds to
believe that there were designs on his life as well as his liberty and business interests. While
in prison, he was compelled by Nazi officials to execute documents purporting to transfer his
shares in Arnold Bernstein Line to a Nazi designee, one Marius Boeger.
Boeger transferred his interest to Van ,Heyghen Freres S. A. and, in Federal court in New
York, Bernstein, who survived, brought an action for conversion against Van Heygheri.
Applying the Act of State Doctrine, the United States Court of Appeals, affirming a judgment
dismissing the complaint, stated: "No Court will exercise its jurisdiction to adjudicate the
validity of the official acts of another. state." (Bernstein v. Van Heyghen Freres Societe
Anonyme, 163 F. 2d 246, 249-250 [C. A. 2d, 1947] cert. den., 332 U.S. 772 [1947].)
In a later suit against Holland-America Line, Bernstein v. N. V. Nederlandsche
Amerikaansche, e.tc. (173 F. 2d 71 [C. A. 2d, 1949]), a similar result was reached, although
in an apparent attempt to avoid the applicability of the Act of State Doctrine as enunCiated in
his prior litigation, his complaint merely alleged duress, without mentioning Nazi officials.
Following the decision of the ,United States Court of Appeals, plaintiff Bernstein was able to
secure an expression of views of the Department of State of the United States, which, for the
first time, with respect to acts of the Nazis, relieved the courts of any restraint upon the
exercise of their jurisdiction to pass upon the validity of the acts of Nazi officials.
The expression of views, set forth in a letter dated April 13, 1949, to Bennett, House & Couts,
Counsellors at Law, New York, and signed by Jack B. Tate, Acting Legal AdViser, and
published April 27, 1949, as a press release, and in the Department of State Bulletin (vol. XX,
May 8, 1949 / pp. 592-593) states l among other things, that: "It is this Government's policy
to undo the forced transfers and restitute identifiable property to the victims of Nazi
persecution wrongfully deprived of such property; and * * * to relieve American courts from
any restraint upon the exercise of their jurisdiction to pass upon the validity of the acts of
Nazi officials."
It was also stated in the letter, citing Military Government Law No. 59 1 applicable to the
United States Area of Control, published in Military Government Gazette in Amtsblatt der
Militarregierung Deutschland, Amerikaniches Kontrollgebiet l Nov. 10, 1947 / that "this poliCy
applies generally despite the existence of purchasers in good faith."
The United States Court of Appeals, in view of this expression from the Depart~ent of State l
proceeded (Bernstein v. N. V. Nederla'ndsche-Amerikaansche etc 210 F. 2d 375 [1954]) to
amend its mandate so as to permit the District Court to examine and to pass/.'without
restraint l upon the acts of the Nazi officials.
Eventually'the Bernstein cases were settled; but the cases did serve to chart a new path and
to graft an exception onto the Act of State Doctrine, the exception being that in the case of
acts of Nazis, American courts might examine the official acts of another State. And the
exception became known as the "Bernstein exception".
In Sabbatino (~raLhowever, the Supreme Court, while not passing on the; Bernstein
exception, stated: "It is highly questionable whether the examination of validity by the
judiciary should depend on an educated guess by the Executive as to probable result". (376
...Iretrieve?_m=9fl3e8652b605bea933 fl28dcb6ebc6f&_docnu m=26& _fmtstr=FULL&_startdoc 4120100
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.
17
ALI-ABA Course of Study
Legal Problems of Museum Administration
Cosponsored by The Smithsonian Institution with the
cooperation of the American Association of Museums
March 26-28, 1998
Chicago, Illinois
Cultural Property and World War II: Some Implications for American Museums
A Legal Background
By
Patty Gerstenblith
DePaul University College of Law
Chicago, Illinois
i
!
i
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~
."
�27
,
,
doctrine. On the other hand, many transactions involving art works taken during World War II
had more significant contacts with the civil law nations. It might be possible for a U.S.courtto
conclude that the substantive law, including the good faith purchaser doctrine, should apply. It is
also possible that.the public policy deeply embedded in the common law concerning the inability
of a thiefto transfer title would outweigh any such technical choice-of-Iaw analysis.
Act ofStale Doctrine: The act ofstate doctrine provides that certain acts of a foreign state will be
presumed to be valid and that a United States court will not sit in judgment on them. The'
doctrine may be viewed as an exception to the choice of law analysis for conflict-of-Iaw
situations discussed above. While a court will usually apply the substantive law of the ."
jurisdiction with the most significant relationship or contact with the case, a court may also reject
this substantive law when it conflicts with a strong public policy of the forum jurisdiction. The
act of state doctrine further supercedes this consideration of policy and permits a United States
court to defer to the foreign nation's law in the interest of separation of powers considerations
with the U.S. government and the relations between the two nations.
,
The "modem" formulation ofthis doctrine is found in a U.S. Supreme Court decision,
Banco Nadonal de Cuba v. Sabbatino, 376 U.S. 398 (1964), where the Court stated that courts
will not exercise their jurisdiction to "examine the validity of a taking of property within its own
territory by a foreign sovereign government, extant and recognized by this country at the time of
suit, in the absence of a treaty or other unambiguous agreement regarding controlling legal
prinicples, even if the complaint alleges that the taking violates customary international law."
Although the doctrine has been modified by both subsequent judicial opinions and Congressional
amendment, it generally applies when four factors are present: the taking was by a foreign
sovereign government, the taking was within the territorial limitations of that government; the
foreign government is extant and recognized by the U.S. at the time of suit; the taking did not
violate any treaty obligation.
The court considered this doctrine in the context of an art work taken during World War
II in some detail in Menzel v. List and held that none ofthe four necessary criteria was present.
The taking of the Menzels' painting was carried out by the Einsatzstab des Reichsleiters
Rosenberg, which the New York court held to be a part of the Nazi party and not the foreign
sovereign government. The taking occurred in Belgium, which was not within the, territorial
limits of Germany. On the third factor, the court seemed to consider the Third Reich to be the
government, which was no longer extant at the time of the suit Finally, the taking of the
painting was held to violate the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, as well as the Kellogg
Briand Peace Pact of 1928, to which the United States is a party, as these conventions all prohibit
the seizure, pillage, destruction or damage' of private property and works of art and science.
~Despite this clear rejection ofthe applicability of the act of state doctrine by the New I
York court in Menzel",~hether other courts dealing with other foreign powers would reach this'
$ame result is unclear~~? In a later case, Stroganoff-Scherbatoff v. Weldon, 420 F. Supp. 18
.
10 In earlier decisions, Be;nstein v. Van Heyghen Freres SA., 163 F.2d 246 (2d Cir. 1947)
and Bernstein v. N V. Nederlandsche-Amerikaansche, 173 F.2d 71 (2d Cir. 1949), the Second
Circuit used the act ofstate doctrine to refuse to hear two suits brought by a victim of Nazi
9
,
--
�.
28
(S.D.N.Y. 1976), the court concluded that it could not hear the claim of the descendant of a
Russian noble. The court held that it was barred from examining the actions of the government
of the Soviet Union in seizing the art collection of the noble. In the Goldberg case, on the other
hand, the courts refused to apply the doctrine to the nationalization of the property of the Cypriot
. Greek Orthodox Church by the Turkish National Republic of Cyprus on the ground that the
United States government had not granted recognition to the government of the northern sector
of Cyprus.
Conclusion: The interweaving of these many legal doctrines demonstrates the complexity
underlying the question of whether an original owner can recover art works, particularly those
taken during time of war. The particularly tragic circumstances of World War II and the
realization that the ability of the families of these owners to recover their lost art is diminishing
as the generation of survivors dwindles make these facts even more poignant. While the
sympathies of many courts as well as legislators and the public will undoubtedly be with these
victims, it becomes ever more urgent for museums to gain understanding of these issues. In the
end, it seems likely that the framing of public policy and the courts' interpretation of this policy
will prevail over the technical legal doctrines.
. -
lJ·
I'~~~ ~"C§
----.
. . u;g;i ~~'a.cj r _
persecution whose possessions had been seized from him in Hamburg, Germany, by Nazi
s~~.~vl
officials in 1937. Bernstein subsequently obtained a letter from the State Department stating that'
..
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!
1:1.
, i
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the courts could exerCise their jurisdiction to pass upon the validity of the acts of Nazi officials.
,
11te letter stated "It is this Government's policy to undo the forced transfers and restitute'
OJ' {»)J/l;'
identifiable property to the victims ofNazi persecution wrongfully deprived ofsuch property." ...h\ (j.'J .
Citing Military Government Law No. 59, which applied in the areas of United States control, the \~.~
letter also stated that "this policy applies generally despite the existence of purchasers in good
(JP'
faith." What has become known as the "Bernstein exception" to the act of state doctrine has
been extensively criticized in subsequent judicial opinions primarily on the grounds that the State
Department does not have authority to dictate to the courts the limits of judicial jurisdiction.
Nonetheless, in Sabbatino, the Supreme Court referred to Bernstein and seemed to approve the
conclusion that the Nazi government was no longer in existence: "The balance of relevant
considerations may also be shifted if the government which perpetrated the challenged act of .
state is no longer in existence, as in the Bernstein case, for the political interest of this country
may, as a result, be measurably altered." It seems very likely that the act of state doctrine would
not bar consideration of the validity of an act of confiscation or seizure by the Nazi Germany
. even if the seizure had been carried out by the sovereign government or within the national
boundaries of Germany. Given the many statements of U.S. policy to right the wrongs of Nazi
Germany, it is difficult to posit the case in which the U.S. courts would demonstrate such·
deference.
i
10
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FRX NO,:
R
909 621
8419
03 07 aa
a3:47P
p.a3
Update of "The Mystery of the Hungarian GoldTrain
DRAFT - 3i6/00
The history of the treatment of the Hungarian Gold Train by American authorities
continues to raise questions about American restitution policy, cold-war politics, and the role of
.I
successor organi7,atiol1s in the disposition of victims' assets. As the issues raist:ld by the history
ofthe train are vast in both scope and importance, any answers or explanations offered now and
in the future mllst renect careful consideration of the available evidence.
Treatment of the larger themes raised by the Gold Train's history must then involve a
return to questions raised following the release of the draft report on the "Mystery ofthe
(;)
Hungarian Gold Train." These qu~e'ons include the origin and numbe~ of paintings on the tram;
the final disposition ofthosc painti
\)J
11
.
.
Jf\)
; the existence of an inventory ofIhe train's conte~
.
(created by American or Hungarian authorities); an~e decision making process which enabled
~~he assets to be treated as unidentifiable, and heir1e~ In addition, divergent and alternative
~~
f'I':I"~ inJormntion.reeClvcd by t~~ Commission should be addressed and reviewed. Finally, avenues ~\ \
,
~hffor future research must be identified and pursued to the extent possible.
\Y:- V- ~ LX' f>l-IP I \ ttl" c1> " c.~
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1. The Paintings: ~
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The history of the 1176 Hungarian Jewish paintings is complicaLed due to the fact that
.
clear records relating to the paintings were not compiled until Evelyn Tucker encountered them ..
,
'
in 1947. The 1176 paintings included works from two group';S7 looted paintings that had been
stored in the castle Fischhorrl bei Zcll·am-See and approximately 1169 paintings from the "Gold
0..
Train." Fischhorn Castle was used primarily by the SS as tM repository of cultural property
removed from Poland. When, or why, Hungarian paintings were stored there remains unknown
\~
at the present time.
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FAX NO.:
A
DRAFT - 3/6/00
133-137~1313
91396218419
133:48P
Update of "The Mystery of the Hungarian Gold Train
After the U.S. military authorities took control ofthe Werfen Train property, it wa~ taken to the,
Property Control Warehouse in Salzburg, Austria. I A hi'story of the first phase of Property
Control functions in Austria gives the following details of the initial response to the train, "with
the discovery of a 44 car train of Hungarian looted property in the Salzburg area> Mr. Walker M.
Treece, ...with four officers and seven
enlist~,l"nen,
IDO,ved up from Verona, Italy into the
Salzburg area on 15 July 1945, to rep:fcs~nt Property Control in taking the train into custody and
inventorying its contcnt$."2 Some of the details of the treatment ofthese assets whi1~ in the
warehouse between July 1945 and November 1947 were documented in the Commission's
October 1999 draft report.
In Octobcr 1947, paintings from the train, stored a.t the Military Government Warehouse,
were brought to the attention of Evelyn Tucker, Monuments and Fine Arts Advisor to USF A.
She wrote that she received inforinahon that "approximately 200 paintings from the Werfen
Train loot" were stored in a room of the MG Warehouse in Salzburg. 3 With this infonnatioll,
, Tucker secured permlssion for release of the paintings to her for transfer to thc Residenz, used as
-.w-oJ Pr4 J.,;..'<I ~ ~
a depot for the Monuments aRd. Fine Arts work in Salzburg. The release, issued before Tucker's
,
I
'inspection of the paintings, and dated Novemher 5,1947, read "You arc aUihorized to release to
the custody and control of Miss Eve Tucker, MFA&A Representative
approximately two hundred (200) paintings presently
stor~d
of this division:
in the Military Government
Warehouse in Salzburg."" When Tucker finally made her inspection the following day, she
discovered not 200 but 1,181 paintings. According to Tucker, "no inventory on these paintings
.
,
,
"
tvrthcr research into the initial transfer of assets f[omthe.train to the wareh()\l~C i~ ongoing.
,.
. .
. 2 "Introduction to the First Phase of Property Control," NACP, RG 260, USACAIUSFA,Entry 119, Property
Control Branch, General CQrrespondence Files, Box 1- [bates #].
"
.
,1 Evelyn Tuck~r Field Report to Hq. USFA·USCA RD&R Division, Reparation :ilJd Restirution Branch, O;tobcr 27
1947, RG 260, i)SACAItJSFA, General Records, Box 160 [bat~s #J,
I
2
P.134
�FRor~:
FRX NO.:
R
989 621,8419
83-87-88
83:48P
P.85
Update of "The Mystery ofthe Hungarian Gold Train
DRAFT - 3/6/00
apparently exists in the Zone and no one knew where they came from. The estimation of200
,
"
came from the two American working on the Werfen Train propcrtY"'."{CITE!]' ,
,
Tucker learned that 57 af.tHe
'
"
liO
,,~ of the actual1',.181 paintings l1ad be~ ~~c MG
Warehouse from the Fischhorn castle where they were combined with paintings from the "Gold
Train" in 194511946. 5 In '1947, Tucker characterized the slopp'y record keeping of the MG
.
,
Warehouse. "". we have no way of knowing if the entire . '
lot was found at Fischhorn Castle - or if
.
some of the 1, 18 J paintings were act1iillly
,.
,','
on the Werfell Train."6' By 1949, however, an
,y~\
'
"
" ,
inVeI)tory of the 57 Fischhorn paintings was ~epared and submitted with a letter requesting Dr.
.
~
rHI.-M • t'
~
~$\ft....,., tJ\CV""\~
..
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'
Otto Demus to check the list for any pre-war Austrian properly_ Additional available
...,
:
, ,
~. .
~ P('O>#'i.#.,J.
"'\
information about the loot held in Castle Fischhom was ~ crgrtRiiQd~ by the Nazis, ~
.......
II
most paintings from Fischhorn were marked with a Fischhom number on the back oJ the pamting
, ~ ~V\.f·'t~
.
before the American authorities ever tee+:: CIJIlllOl.,.f the Castle~ .
,
Tucker 'took control qf the 1181 paintings on --"-__ al1d'transfcn;ed them to the Residenz
building, A.report of the Property Control and Restitution Section, dated November 12, 1947
. . . .
.
.
,
.
.
describes Tucker's transfer,. "About 1180 unidentified paintings, among them a few very
.
.
,
valuable ones, previously stored at Property Control Warehouse, ;Sa.1~b~lrg, were brought to the
Residenz building for inventorying and identificaii()n of ownership:'" A property report from'
later in November detailed the progress or1 The inventory of the transferred painting~, "up to flow
"
"Paintings (allegedly Hungaxillll) stQred in M,e. Warehollse, Salzburg," November 5, 1947, NACP, RG 260,
USFA., General RecOI'ds. Box 158 [bates #l , " ,
'.' '
S James A. Garrison, ChiefRD&R Div·ision, USFA to Dr. Otto Demus, PreSident, Bundcsdenkmalamt, "Paintings of
.Unknown Origin from Schloss FischhQm," january 5, 1949, I"ACP, RG 260, USFA \JSACA, General Records, Box
159 [105918-105922)'
'."
.,
I, Evelyn Tucker Field Report to Hq USr'A-USCA RD&R Division, Reparation and RestitUTion Branch, November
4
, 6-) 1,1947, N;\CP. RG260, USACAIUSFA, Gtn~ral Records, Box 160 (bates #J.'
,.
,
7 "Report of Property Control and Rcstirution Section," Memo frrlm Headquarters ZOlle Conunand t\ustria,' Propl;:rty
Control and Restitution ~ectiDn, APO 541 ,US Anny, NQvembcr.12, 1947, N;\CP, RG 260,USACA, Entry 119,
Propcrty:CQntrol Brnm:h, Gt:neral Correspondence Files, BOil: 7 lbates Ii).
3
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�FRO)1:
FJ:lX
J:I
DRAFT - 3/6100
N,O.:
909
621
8419
03-07
00
03:48P
Update of "The Mystery ofUle Hungarian Gold Train
ISO paintings have been inventoried out of the 1184 unidentified paintings located at MFA
Depot in the Carabinercsaal, Residenz building."5 ,
The Hungarian provenance of the paintings and their stalus as assets belonging to victims
"
:'
f\.a.f\+tl~"
'}
of the Holocaust was never doubted by U.S. authorities. In all hut one American document,_
those composed by the United States Forces Austria and by the Arts Adviser to the State
Department, Ardelia Hall, the paintings were referred to as "Gold Train" property, "Werfen
Train" Property, and "miscellaneous Jewish loot."? Also, the inventory of paintings Tucker
transferred to the Rcsidenz includes a description of each painting's.label complete, in some
cases, with the nal1,lt':s and addresses of their owners. NEED STATS?, CITE?
A recently uncovered document, "SS Art Depot in Schloss Fischhom," offers further evidence
that not all orthe Hungarian paintings stored in the MG Warehouse could have eOIne from the
.
castle. According to the document, "at the beginning ofthe occupation Schloss Fischhom
,
contained., .481 paintings."I{J The majority of these paintings were restituted to Poland.
According to the document, about 98 percent ofthe cultural valuables in the castle came from
, Poland, while the remainder wus of French, Dutch, Austriail, Germap~~ld Hungarian origin.
~
According to Marc Masurovsky, a record of an interrogat1on of the SS officer responsible for the
,
repository in the castle exists. In it, the officer stated that all art works of Hungarian origin were
confi:scated from the v k:Lims of Holocaust. 11
In addition to providing a better context of the train's history, a 1949 Jetter from the
Hungarian Restitution Mission notes that "all propcrtyofHungarian Jew~ was labeled with name
~ "Report of Property C()l1trol ('\nd Restitution Section," Memo from llr.adqtl3ne.r:s Zone COlUmand Austria, Property
Control and Restitution Section, A?O 541, US I\nny, November 25, 1947, NACP, RG 260, UE-)ACA, Entry 119,
Property CQlltroll3ranch, Gelleral Correspondence riles, Box 7 [no bates number available at this limeJ.
9 Colloday expressed dotlbt in the 19505 that the propcttty was Hung&rialj" Cite fro'm original report witb .
reference to where these attributions were written,
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�·FR,O}1:
FRX NO.:
R
DRAFT - 3/6/00
909 621 8419
03-07 e0
03:49P
Update of "The Mystery ofthe Hungarian Gold Train
and address of the owners forced to deposit their valuables with Hungarian nanks,!!12 This
infonnation further substantiatesthe quoteof Ardelia Hall included in the draft
report.~
should be fut'ther supplemented with information from Army bq docs; and if not, should
not be emphasized witbout !rutber evidence).
The main part of the property on the train belonged to Hungarian Jews, The 1949
Hungarian Restitution Mission letter detailed that the train included such property as: 35 kilos of
mounted jewelry, 60 kilos of watches, 100 kilos of gold coins, 560 pieces of silver, 1 case of
,
/""'..',
.
silver bars, ,3 ,00? carpets,. and other goods. 13 In addition to the above victims' property, the train
contained oUase of paintings (about 100) from the City Museum in Gyor marked "Varosi
. Muzeuin, Gyor."14 rwere the paintings mentioned in the report, or were tbey not mentionedthis is a citation from the document, so does the doc just say that tbe 100 paintings were
f ..om the Oyor muse~m?] The paintings rwm the Gyor museum were not mentioned in the
report, because they didn't belong to ,the Je\'V1sh property. Thesepaintings were left to the
custody of the Austrian govemrnent and restituted to Hungary J11 the begirming of t~e 1960s.
They are not to be confused with the list of 1176 paintings of alleged Jewish ownership,
mentioned in the report [tbe orig;nal.Gold Train Report, or the Comm. No. report) Some
property oflhe Hungarian Nazis was also on board the train. This property, however, belonged to
Minister Toldy and hi;,; entourage alone and therefore would not have composed a substantia!
part of the train's contents. [How do we know this?]
10
FOOTNOTE INFO'
Moire Masurovsky has promised to provide a copy of the document
12 Hung'lrian Re~titvti~n MiSSion, Vienna to Allied Conunission for Austria, "Commu,Ilicadon No"6430/1949,"
March 25.1949, NACP, RG 260. USACA Records, USFA, RD&R Division. Box 99 [blltes #].
13 "Communication No, 6430/1949," NACP, RG 260, USACA Records. lJSFA, RD&R Division, Box 99 [bates #].
14 "Communication No. 643011949," NACP, RG 260, USACA Records, USFA, RD&R DiVision, :Box 99 [bates #],
lI
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Update of "The Mystery of the Hungarian Gold Train
A January 5 1949 Jetter from James A. Garrison to Dr, Otto Demus, President of the
Bundesdcnkmaiamt, gives a clear indication that not all of the paintings in the "List of
"Unidentified Paintings Stored at Rcsidenz-Dcpot Salzblug" were Gold Train paintings. The
letter helps to further alleviate confusion over the number of paintings frorn the train, confusion
raised by a lack or original inventory of the train's contents and lack of careful treatment of the
properties in the records of the Military Government Warehouse, Salzburg. "Attached is a list of
57 paintings of unknown origin which were removed from Schloss Fischhom by Zell-am-See.
These paintings are presently in the art depot of this Headquarters in the Residcnz Palais,
Salzburg." "It is requested that you advise us if you are successful in identifying any ofthe
paintings on the attached list as prc-warAustrian property,".D
2. The Inventory
We have not yet uncovered all Am1y documents relating to the l:apture of the train in
. 'Y' ,/
~~
. Werfen, Austria. However, additional documentation of this capture (other than the letters from
U" 'OJv/
t;+ ~-
.
the Central Board of Jews in Hungary! Central Bureau of Hunganan Jews already cited in the
S ./ reporl) is avai lab I..
~~
\'-1
In a co mmunica!ion dated Marc/' 25, 1949, the 0 (fielal H ungar; an Mmistry
of Finances Restitution Mission, Vicnna, addressed a letter to the Allied Commission for Austria
\-<'
~ Y 1'1, detailing the story of the train, its contents and American actions from 1945 through 1949:
"\j ,i""
.~
.
~
~I\ The Hungarian.Government was surprised lO learn that, properties of Hungarian
1"
\.l'"
Jews, such as valuables, jewels, objects of art, carpets etc., as well as
\.~ \f'.v
approximately htuldred paintings by great masters - the latter property of the
~~ ~
Municipal Museum of Gyor removed hy the Gennans and transported to
r"y ..,.\ \
Austda, have been placed at the disposal of the Intergovernmental Refugee
~--J > l.J\,"4
Organization by the American Military Authorities in Auslria and are to be sold
. V
, .... \
.J
oJ/'\ '"
,ov
t-.\
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by auction in the near future ..
\)/ _ _ _ _ __
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IS
James A. Garrison. Chie.f RD&R Division,
Reparation~ and Restitll.tion Branch, Hq, USf1\, USACA ,Section, to
Dr. Otto Demus, PreSJdCnl llundesdcnkmalamt, Jan,1.lary 5, 1949, "Pamtmgs of Unknowu Ongm froro S~hloss
~j~j:' RG 260, US!' A, USACA, G,nem! R"Q,d"
Bnx l59 [105918-105922).
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The Restitution Mission pleaded for the Allied Commission to take "swift action in this matter"
and to "avoid an h:reparable situation," by restituting the Hungarian property based on the
following:
The objects refened to above, except the paintings [the hundred paintings by great
masters from the museum in Gyor], originate from forced deposits made by Jews
with the Hungari an banks after March 19, 1944, date 9f the Nazi aggression'
against Hungary. These objects, subsequently confiscated by the nazi·installed
Hungarian Government, were transferred to Austria in pursuance of a forced,
cvacu<ltion of the South-East area ordered by Himmler nnd exec_utad by SS
Obergmppenflihrcr Lorenz (the original of a relative exchange of telegrams is to
be found among documents placed before the Intemational Court in Nuremberg)
and according to a special agreement dated by March 28, 1945, concluded
between the Commissioner fOf Hungarian Jewish Property and the delegate of
Reich, Boden, i.o. after the Arnllstice entered into between Hungary and the
Unitea Nations ...
The Hungarian Restilution Mission wishes to state that this propetty, generally
ca!lcd "Hungarian Gold Train" was immediately after its an'ival at Werfen in
Austna, taken into custody hy the Amer.ican Am1Y and at first remained guarded
by the escort personnel [Hungarianl and members ofthc American Army- On
July 19, 1945, the train was finally taken over by the American Army- _ On July
..
29, 1945, the American Military Authorities laid down the story of these
valuables in a prolocol, where their Hungarian origin was clearly emphasized,
This protocol was also signed by the escort. J(j
The Hungarian Restitution Mission challeilged the gecision that the origin of the train '8 contents
Was unknQwn or lInableto be
u~tcnnined,
The Hungarian Restitution Mission must suppose that subsequently the personnel
dealing with those properties was chang-cd and the story of the Gold Train
[orgollen. Otherwise it is inexplicable that the origin of these should be .
considered as doubtful.
The Hungarian Restitution Mission wishes to recall that all property of Hunganan
Jews was labelled [sic] with name and address of the owners forced to deposit
their valuables with Hungarian banks.
Further, ._.these valuables were not collected in concentration camps and do not
originate from indiscriminate robbery, but constituted the property of definite and
identi fi ab1e II ungarian citi7:ens.17
10
17
"Communication No 6430/1949," NACP, 'RG 260, USACA Records"USFA, RD&R Dj\iision. Box 99 [bates #]_
"C01'l1!l1ulli(:atiQn No, 6430/1949," NACP, RG 260, USACA Records, USFA, RD&R Division, Box 99 [bates #J.
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Update of "The Mystery of the HUilgarian Gold Train
The Presidential Advisory Commission has taken steps to locate an "American Military
Authority protocj)l" of July 29, 1949. Research for this document, and additional military
documentation of the train's capture, will conlinue througb the production of the final report.
Documentation already cjtf;:d in the report gives evidence that since the very beginning the u.s.
Anny had compelling evidence that the train's property was Hungarian, and that the property was
largely Jewish owned (where is it called Hungarian? By who? And Wben?] The train was
esc0l1ed by HUlJ.garian military personnel, II forty-two Hungarian guards" according to James J
Rorimer."
(t
is Ii kel y that US. military authorities questioned the Hungarian guards, though
these reports have <lIsa not yet been discovered [how is this likely, and do we have any idea of
how to find such an intervieW?I)
According to American documents, an original Hungarian inventory of the trainload was
destroyed, In February 1948; Nyaradi, the head ofthc:: Hungarian RestiTution Mission discussed
the fate of the train with James Garrison:
He outlined the complete history of the contents of this train, as to hC)w the Nazis
forced the Jews to deposit their jewelry, gold, rugs, furs, and other valuables with
the 1-1 11l1garianbanks, and than ordered the banks, just before the Russi,ans arrived,
to t;end the gold to onc collecting point. All the valuables were damped in one pile
and the records were destroyed. The train then proceeded westward ... l'i
Nyaradi continues to say that he was shown the cornplete inventory of the contents of the
"Golden Train" by Colonel Ernest Owens, "during the time that he was Chief ofRD&R
(approximately .It!nc 1946)."~o Owens also told him that "the contents were stored in the
warehouse in Salt.:burg." This is unlikelY as it would have gone against Ari1erican restitution
James). RQrimcr. Su1').'ivaI. The Sa/vogf! and Proteaion ofArt in War, New York. p 1S4
James A. Garrison. (:hief Kf)&R Diyision USACA, MemOratldu for the Record, conference with Nyaradi. Dr.
Varvasovsky, lleud of lIungarian Restitution Mission in Austria, Garrison, and Lt. Col. McKee, Chief of Restitution
Branch ofRD&R Dtvlsion, NACP, RG84, Entry 2056, File 110 Hungary, Box 18.
.
IS
l?
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policy to show the head of a Restitution Mission an inventory of assets in American contro.V I
By February 25, 1948, Colonel O\~ens had left the RD&R Division, and Garrison noted,. "I cim
Oilly say that
this inventory has remained in our files and has only been used by our personnel
during the lime' that I have served as chief of this division,"Z2 .
:t Additional Information
Recently, Hungarian.colleagues prepared a document, "The Brief Summary ohhe
History of the Golden Train" and shared it with the Presidential Commission. The document
gives the quantity of paintings as 100, which is much lower than the numbers cited in the
Commission's Draft report. Ron Zweig, all Israelihistodan researching tho fate of the "Gold
Train," also believes that. the majority of ?the 1181? paintings were not on the
trajn~
However,
official American documents of the period contradiCt such arguments.
The Hungnrian ~llmmary mentions the secret record o(the numbers of the cases and of
the category of the items contained in them. According to these se~ret records, 105 cases and two
. iron boxes were filled with loot from indicated categories. This list, however, does not include a
category for paintings. In addition, it is unfortunate that the Hungarian report does not give any
direct quotes or footnotes, which could help to evaluate the infonnation used. Despite this, some
oftheir sources could be recognized from the sources used in the Commlssion's October report,
Page tour of the Summary mentions that: "Its ("Golden Train") freight was the following:
54 cases containing valuahles, 1360 cases containing silver ofrecluced purity, one case ofpul'c
James A. Garrison. ChiefRD&R Division USACA, Memoranda for the Record, conference: with Nyaradi, Dr.
Varvasovsky, Head or Hungarian Restitution Mi~sion in Austria, Garrison, and Lt. Col. Mc.Kee, Chief of Restitutioll
Branch of RD&R DivisIOn. NACP, RG 84, Entry 2056, File 110 Hungary, Box 18.
20
21
American policy for the suhmission of claims detaikd .....
n James A. (ja~rison, Chief RD&R Division USACA, Memoranda for the Record. conferetlCe with ~yatadi, Dr.
Varvasovsky, Head or Hungarian RestitUtion Mission in Austria, Garrison, and Lt. Col. McKee, Chief of Restitution
Branch ofRD&R Division.. NACP, RG 84, Entry 2056, File 110 Hungary, Box 18,
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silver, one case containing si Ivcr bricks" approximately 100 paintings, the exhibits of the Gyor
Museum, maps, approximately 3000 knotted Hungarian and Persian carpets, clothes, valuable fur
coats, stamp collections, lace collections, cameras, gramophones, silver jewelry, porcelain .
articles, pocket watches and watches (about 10.000 ofthem) ... "D ,his description of the cargo
of the "Gold Train" is based on the July 28,1947 Jetter of the Centrai Board of Jews in Hungary,
Autonomous Orthodox Israelitic Central Board of Jews in Hungary and the Committee for the
Repatriation of Abducted Properties to the State Department.
In this letter, the Jewish organizations in Hungary wrote that they had learned that
American military authorities took control ofthe following: "1560 cases containing silver with
different weights, t case of silver bricks, about 100 artistic pictures, about 3000 knotted Persian
and Oriental carpets and some home-maid manufactured carpets sporadically among
them ... According to the repo11s received from thc officials, there were also clothes, fur~coats,
made of noble furs, stamp-col1ections, collections oflaces. Cameras, gramophones, silver-jewels,
porcelains, pocket and wrist watches (about 8-10.000) laden into wagons,"2 4 It seems clear that
the information provided in the recent Hungarian Summary is based on the same letter, quoted
above and in the commission report. It provides no new det~ils and it qffers no proof that the
1J69 lesser-quality paintings were not on the Werfen
Train~
In another letler received by the Commission, Prof~ssor Emst Bacher elaborated that the
paintings were restituted by the Austrian government both to private individuals and to the
i1
Lette, to the Presidential Commission ....
241ncludecl Oil pag~ 4 of the leltt:r ,.There is a report available on the jewc:ls and golden valuables ordered by
Commander Arp3d Toldy to be laden on two lorries and carried to the French zone. where they were seized by the
, French troops According to these reports the following valuables were taken under control by the United Stales .
Military Authorities:, .. " see notes 4-6,20,26-28 of October J?raft Hungarial~ Gold Train Report.
10
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Hungarian state. In the moment. the Commission is [oltawing up on some of the cases of
restimtiol1 mentioned in the letter.
In one case, Bacher discusses fourteen paintings that "were put in the disposal of the US
occupation authorities in 1951." Documentation shows that paintings were in use by the US
Forces Austria and were to be returned to the custody of the Austrian government. All of them
were inc luded i~l the January 5,.1949 transfc~ lists signed by Am~rican and Austrian
representatives. They were separated, Schedule "B" for paintings in use by Hq. Zane Command
Austria, Salzburg, under the custody ofMr. Yemon R. Kennedy, and Schedule "e" for paintings
in use by RD8.;.R Divislon,USACA Section~ Hq. USFA, under the custody of Lt. Co L Frederic
W. Hodge.
Schedule "B" included the following:
210
347
AR TJST UNKNOWN, Rivulet, flowjng between house in landscape,
water-color, 26x35 em, with #189
KOMAROMI KACZ~ Sunset with peasant housc at a l~ke, oillc~nvaS,
3] x42 em, broad, golden frame (rev. side Dr, Szalvendy, Odorn Ugyved
S:}lgotarian Wr. 7)
690 ZUBER R: Peasant woman, oil-wood, 29::<23 ern
.
756 HEYER A: White angora cat, oilieanvas, 50x40 em, no frame'
777 FZENTHALY FERENCZ: Forest landscape in winter with woman
collecting wood, oil/canv'as, 47x56, .golden frame (Friedmann Rezoss,
SaJgotaryan)
.
966 ARTIST UNKNOWN, Picture of an old castle, oil/canvas, 58x40, with
ti"amc
1065 ARTIST UNKNOWN, Head of a man, oil/cartoon, 34x24, with frame
1085 CSJLLAC: Old peasants with pitcher, colOred etching, 31x23, wiLh frame·
and glass (rev.side 1255) ,
[090 OLGYOS: Winter landscape with big trees, colored etch.ing, 35x26, with
frame and glass) (rev.,side 255)25
:15 Heauquarters ZOllC Command Austria, Propen:y Control and Restitution B~anch, APO 541, US Army, Schedule
"TIn attached to Receipt for tran:;fe<r of ite111:; "believed to be of Hungarian origin" from the Corrunanding General,
United Stutes Forces in Austria. to All~trial1 Federal Government, signed by VerooJl Kenne.dy, Chief Property
Control Branch and Restitution Branch, and Ministerialrat josef Reith, January 5, 1949, Sal7;burg, Austria, NACP,
RG 260, \J$FNLJSACA.. Reparations amI Re::;tiruhon Branch, Box 100 (103520]
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While Schedule C included:
SANTHA L 1913: Brook .in winter landscape, oil/cartoon, 31 x29 em, nice golden
frame
ARTIST UNKNOWN: Holy virgm with sleeping little Jesus and young saint,
oil/copper,
16.5x21.5 em, with broad golden frame (250 Fischorn; Stockholm)
ARTIST UNKNOWN: Portralt of a lady, on porcelain plate, round, dirun. 16 em.
golden tramc
ARTIST UNKNOWN: Society with horses and tent (camping scene) Dutch
school 18 1h century, oil/wood, 58x35
em, golden frame
ARTIST UNKNOWN: Two peasant women and peasant at the field. oil/wood,
34x24 em, framed, under glass. z6
Documents indicate that six of these paintings were returned from James Garrlson to Walter Q.
Loehr, Chief RD&R Branch, Legal Division, USCOA on January 12, 195 J. 27
Yet 0. list of paintings on loan to U.S. Authorities in Austria offers evidence that as of
March 23, 1949, these paintings were not only still being held by U.S. officials, but had been
formally recalled to 'U.S. control. 2~ Communication with the Army will be the most helpful in
the pursuit of further information about the final disposition of these paintings.
~. Headquarters ZOJlC: Command Austria, Property Control and Restiturion Branch, APO 541, US Aony. Schedule
attached to Receipt for transrer of ilems "b~lieved to be of Hungarian origin" from the Commanding General,
United States Forces in Austria, to Austrian Federal Government, !ligned by Vernon Kennedy, Chief Property
Control Branch ond Restitution BranCh, and Ministerialral Josef Reith; January 5,1949, Salzburg, Austria, NACP,
R.G 260. USFAlUSACA~ Repal;':tliom and Restitution Branch, Box 10!) [l 03521 J . .
.
27 Receipt of six painting:! form lames Garrison to Walter Q. Loehr, Chief, RD&R Branch, Legal Division, 11~COA, .
12 January 1951, NACP, RU 260, USACA, General R.ecords, Box 158. Returned paintings included: the Sanlhal
"Bro«)K: in Wintcr Landscape," the oil/copper "Holy Virgin with Slc:eping Little Jesus and Young Saint." "Portrait of
a Lady," "Two peasant women and peasant in the field," "Society with horses and tent," ami "Landscape with she..-p
and shepherd,"
2H "Propcrry on Loan to U,S. E~tablishments," NACP, RG 260, USACA, General Records, Box 159.
He"
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. ,
4. Military Government Warehouse, Salzburg -
Vyt\ ~
y-.~[ ( 4'1)-t'~f,t ()hc\
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A June 1946 document provides evidence that the US. Military Authorities had reason to U""
assume that a substantial part of the train cargo included property confiscated from the
Hungarian Jews:
The items ol'household furnishings stored in the property Control Warehouse, .
Salzburg, that are suitable for use in family billets, i.e., rugs, chinaware, silver
table service, are part of the C()fltents of a 44 car train which left Hungary in
March of'1945 ... Availab le evidence indicates thatthe items contained in this
train were removed from Hungary by the Hungarian Nazi Government, and a ' .
portion of them may possibly have been taken from Hungarian Jews ... 29
Not all of the goods stored in the Military Warehouse in Salzburg came from
to the "Gold
Train." However, all transactions cited m the report were made with "Gold Train" property. All
documents about the requisitioning of goods by U,S. officers'came from a Jile labeled, "Property
,
.
'
Removed from Werf~n Train for Use in. Villas, Offices, etc." and organized by Evelyn Tucker.'(!
It is possible to add that this
me provides evidence that not only was the transferred property
from the Gold Train, hut that many U.S. officers' received property marked with the names of its
original Jewish owners. For example, silverware released (or use of the officers of the Artillery
Staff of the 42 nd Di vision, housed in the von Trapp estate in Salzburg, included a chest "bearing
name ofGergdY(,?lHenr,ik."~: This chest was not restituted to Joly Gergely; despite the fact it
should have been consider.ed as recogniza.ble property of her Jute husband [When was her claim
filed? '''hat was process of invel1torying at tbe MG Warehouse?], In addition, General
Lande received a silver set tor ten, markl!d by the name and address of "Dr. Otto Arodi, Tokai
or
"Use
Items from Prop£:l1Y Control Wa.rch~)use, Salzburg, for Furnishing Dcpendent5 Billets:' June 5, )94f)
NACP, RG 260. USACt\ Reco(ds. RD&R Division, lJSFA, Box 77.
.
30 "Property Removed from Weden Train for Usc til Villas, Offices, cw.," NACP, RG 260, USACA Records,
29
USFA, RD&R Division, .Box 77.
.
..
~ I "Recelpt signed by Lt. Ross Traphagen," October 24, 1945, NACP, RG 260, USACA Records, RD&R Division,
BQX 77,
'
.
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No 1'9"J2; and Brigadier General Morrill Ross dined with a silver set marked by "HungaryMono gram m .. Emma. 11.1.\
5. Future Research Question:
The Commission's Draft Report has been criticiz;ed for the description
ofth~
decisions
made regarclingthe disp"sitioll of the assets on the "Gold Train." However, we maintain that
General Marshall's1947 cable, written inhis capacity as the Secretary ofState,givcs a clear·
indication of the responsibility taken by the military command in Austria. In light of this
criticism, as wcl1a~ our own prc-~xisting research plan, itis one of the Commission's top
prioritjes to research the details of the decision making process for policy and it has always bCI:Jl
.
.
our intention to include the results of these efforts in the finaJ report.
c}U~
.
Restitution to individuals was eouSidcterl impossible from the beginning of
\
V,"N~' ""
.
~
considerations ~.. !'e~tl'llig~¥-&t assets m Holocaust vi(jtims and.victims of Nazi aggression. In
its place, the Allies worked toward1 the development of a program of restitution from nation to
natioil. There were) however, exceptions made in Ule'case of the Gold Train (and other select
instances) in which individual restitution was made. JodyGcrgcty was one case discussed in the
October report, and the Austrian letter raises questions of the individual restitution made by the
Austrians before the final restitution of 1002 paintings in 1963,
Lane Faison .. Gergely 1952 wanted to restitute; restitute to individuals; Austrians restituted 3
cases.
Garrison's discussion
3:1 "For use in (fell. L<tnd~'s residt:nce at No (7 Nessclthll1erstr, September 27; 1945, NACP, RG 260, USACA
Ret;(1rds, Rl)&R Djv;siol~. 13<);< 77,
.
j3
.
"Silverware for U5t.: by flrig.ben. M~rrill Ross 42'1<.1 Div. Arty. APO 411, 15 Schwimmschulslr. Salzburg, October
2 4 , 1945, NAC1\ RG 260, lJSACA Records, RD8t.R Division, Box i7.
14
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Several questions remain about the history of the Hungarian Gold Train. Future research should
esp~cially determine tno~e infonnation about the following:
J. What is Vemon Kennedy's connection to the custody of some of the 14 paintings not
transferred JanuaIY 5, 1949 to the Austrians?
2. Why did Walter Loehr (of the Legal Division USACA) receive paintings transferred from
Garrisoil?
3. Where is the train's original inventory? Who created it? When? Can this be located through
archival recurds of '[he troop units?
4. What is known of Mark Clark's papers at the Citadel: Will/Can they provide any sense of
context for his decision that the assets were "unjdentifiable?
5. Whal materials may he in Kenneth Alford~s archives (for his book, Spoils of War)?
6. WhaL C()'l1 be dct~m1inedtabout the Attorney GcneraPs Deci.sion to tax the PC~.~ods that
entered the U.S. 11.1 J949? Arc there any company- files avaIlable for the firm.wJw ~~ndled
the customs issues fOl: the PCIRO?
7. Is there additional infonnation about the train that could be gleaned from a. review of Baron
f.
Kronfcld's restitution c1aim? What were the attempts at individual restitution?
w"'""'+. w""S 1'k 1,A·1. p,II(..) -hI' tf~ ... +~ ().f- rtk~tA'II~"" 0l~S4..f;
HO,,", ~,J. skt-I "-/ '" t.i.tfO..-kJ !.N."""",,) 1\"'~f'V'\ a.f-k,.,,+ Pf)I.",; ~ .
In any case Lhe following seem clear from the recent update: A sign.ifican.t portion of the
?
paintings found in the MG Warehouse in Salzburg belonged to the cargo of the Gold Train. The
............
majority of the paintings belonged (0 (he victims of Holocaust from Hungary (It was
If~
prov~ ~(.J
---
~ (\).J' ( ~
cases of the individual restitution to the victims, survived labels with the names of owners and
~v
lhe character of the paintings, the majority of which w'as of low quality and could be amassed
only in case of confiscation of different household properties.) ALso proved by the descriptions
of the cOtrji.K(.ltiol1s il! Hungary and the details of(he paintings as being of "no particular
value. "
G
,-
We do not believe that the question "How many paintings were on the train and how
many were not" is or seriQus conceptual importance. The official American position was that all
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Petropolous, Jonathan; Misc. materials
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-petropolous-jonathan-misc-materials
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/e89c701cba43030593fa22066ff59625.pdf
a7d2dcb0d4a62c2c0a4d19dc7cc285a8
PDF Text
Text
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MILITARY GOVERN MENT GAZET·TE
GERMANY,
. UNITED STATES ZONE
Publisbed by .
OFFICE "OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY(U. S.)
"AMTSBLATT DER MILITARREGIERUNG
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
,
I1erausgegeben von
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.),
Issue A·
.
,
l,J'une 1946,·
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COMPILED BY
LEGAL DIVISION
OFFICE
OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S,)
APO 7,42 '
ZUSAMMENGESTELLT VON
LEGAL DIVISION
OFFICE
'OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
APO 742
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PREFACE
The present issue, A, of the "Military Governrrient Gazette,
-Germany" is intended to contain ,the Military Government
,_legislation applicable in the United states Zone enacte4
by Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary-Force, by
eadquarters ,United States Forces,' European Theater
by Office of Military Government for Germany
(U. s.)'through May 1946. In order to have all of the Zonal
Military Government legislation through May 1946 combined
in one issue of the G~zette, it hlis been necessary to republish
those enactments which were previously published in No, I,
N<!. 2. and No, '3 of the "Military Government Gazette, Ger
,--.
m.any",
and
VORWORT
Die vorliegende Ausgabe A des "Amtsblatt der Militar
regierung, Deutschland" solI die gesetzlicl:ien Vorsciuiften
der Militarregierungfiir die Amerikanische Zone enthalten,
die bis Ende Mai 1946 von Supreme Headquarters, Allied
Expeditionary Force,!) ferner von Headquarters United States
Forces, European Theater und Office of Military Government
for Germany (U. S.) erlasseri worden sind. Urn die gesamte '
Zonengesetzgebung bis Ende Mai 1946 in eb:i.er Ausgabe des
Amtsblatts zu vereinigen, war es 'notwendig,' diejenigen
gesetzlichen Vorschriften nochmals zu veroffentlichen, die
bereits in Nr. 1; Nr. 2 und Nr. 3 des "Amtsblatt der MiIitar
regierung. Deutschland" erschienen sind.
FUr ,die Zwecke dieser Sammlung bedeutet der Begrift
For, ,PU'I"p9ses of this compJlation, "Uniteq States Zane" "Amerikanische Zone" das Gebie: der drei Lander GroB
means the territory comprising the three Lander of Greater Hessen, Wtirttemberg-Baden und Bayern,nicllt aber die
Hesse" Wuerttem~erg-Bade,n 'anq Bavaria" but does hot Enclave von ~remen-Bremerhaven oder den Amerikan.ischen '
i.nclude, the Bremen-Brenerhaven Enclave or the - Uni~ed Sektor von Berlin.') Soweit als', moglich sind aII~ gesetz
lichen Vorschriften der Militiirregierung, welche einheitIich
States Sector of BerIinH Effort has been made to include in der gesamten Amerikanischen Zone, in, Kratt sind., an
all Militax:y, Government legislation .which applies uniformly
geftihrt, ausgenommen solche, die nur fUr' ein besonderes
throughout the United States Zone, ex~luding enactments Land geIten. Ferner wird bemerkt, daB der Begnff "geseti
applicable only in a particular Land. Finally. it will be ,liche Vorschriften der Militarregierung", wie er in dieser
noted that ,"Military Government legislation", as used in -Ausgabe des Amtsblatts angewandt ist. nicht die gesetzllchen,
compiling this issue of the' Gazette, does not include Vorschriften des AlIiierten Kontrollrats einschlieBt.
enactments of _the Allied Control Authority.
Der Zeitpunkt' des Inkrafttretens einer hier veroffent..
Iichten gesetzlichen Vorschrift ist der in ihr angegebene. 1st.
, The effective date of all legislation published herein is the , eine ~olChe Angabe' nicht erfoIgt, dann, der Zeitpunkt, an
date stated in it as its effective date, or, if no such statement weichemdie Promulgation als erfolgt anzuseheh' ist, d: h.
der Zeitpunkt der Bestatigung durch die gesetzgebende Be
Is contained therein, the date' upon which it is deemed to
-have been promulgated, i. e. thedat~of approval by the horde oder derjeriige, an welchem, das Gebiet, auf das sich
Issuing authority, or the date on which the area affected die ,gesetzliche Vorschrtftbezieht, 'tatsAchlich besetzt wurde:
entscheidend ist der jeweiIige spatere Zeitpunkt.~)
..
by it was first effectiVely occupied, whichev~r is later.')
•.lm FaIle elner AQweichung der 1m "Amtsplatt der Militlilr
"In case of, anydiscrepan,cy betWeen the Enillsh text of
regierung, Deutschland" vero-ffentUchten deutschen' 'Ober
a Military Government Gazette and the German translation setzung von dem gleichzeitig veroffentlichten englischen
thereof 'as ,published, the, English text shaH prevail". Wortlaut 1st letzterer maBgebend." (Artikel II, 5 der, Ande
(Article II, 5 of Amendment. to Law No.4.)
rung des Gesetzes Nr. 4.)
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1\ul der Vorderseitealler Noten lst gedruckt:
On the face of all notes are printed:
.<
(8) Der Betrag in· Worten, z; B.: Fiinfzig Pfennig, Eine
(a) The amount in' words - thUs; Fi.\nf.z1g Pf.enn1g,E\Ille
Mark, usw. ebenfa,lls derBetrag in Ziffern, z. B.:
Mark, etc. AlsO' the amountJn figures
thus: ~ (on
7'0- (auf der 50 Pf~ Note),'1 (auf der 1 M. Note) usw:;
. the Pf. 50 note) 1 (on the M. 1 note), etc.;
(b) Qie WbI'te "Alliierte Milltlirbeh6rde"· am Kopf der
(b) The words "Alliierte MiliUirbehorde"at the top of
Note;
,
,: •
'
the note;
(c) Die' Worte . '.'In Umlauf. gesetzt In DeutsChland,"
(c) The words "In Umlauf gesetzi in Deutschland",
"Serie .1944", und die Sedennummer der Note. Auf
"Serie 1944", and the serial hurriber of the note. On'
den Noten im Nennwerte von· M. 20, 50;, 100 und
1.000 erseheinen diese Aufscllriften zweimal. .
the- notes for M.~O, 50, 100 and 1,000 a·U Gf these'
Die y Grund1arbe deS MUtelfeldes der Vorderseite aller
appear twice.
'The basic Colour of the field' on the face: of all the notes dieserNoten ist hellblau; die Grimdfarbe der Ruckseite 1st
'
, ' rotlichbraur '.
is light blue; on the lack it is reddi'sh brown. .
=-
MILITARY GO~NMENT -:"'" .GEB,MANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
MILI'l;'1lRREGIERUNG - DEUTS.ClILAND
AMERIKANISC~E ZO~E
LAW NO. 52
GESETZ NR. 52.
. Amended
. Blocking and Control ~f,PropeliY .
ARTICLE I
Categories of Properly
1. 'All property within the' occupled, territory .owned or
controlled, 'directly or indirectly,' in whole or in part, by'any
of the following is hereby declared to' be subject to seiz~
.of possession or 'title, direction, management, supervision or
otherwise being taken into control by Military Government:
(a) The German Reich, or any of the .Lander, Gaue, or
Provinces, or other similar political subdivisions or
any agency o~ instrumentality thereof, including ali
utilities, undertakings, public c()rporations or monop
. olies under the control of "any of the above;
(b) Governments, nationals or residents of nations, other
than Germany which. have' been at war. with aDY 01
the United Nations at any time since September I,
1939, ~nd governments, nationals' or residents of, terri
tories .which have been occupied since that date by
such nations or by 'Germany;
(c) The NSDAP,
officesi departmentS,agenci~ and
organizaijons forming part of, attached to, or con
trolled by it; their offit;ials and, such of their leading
members' or supporters as may be sp~ified by. 'Mili.:.
tary Government~
all
(d) All persons whilE!' held Under detention or ,any· other
type of custody by Military Government;' '
(e) All organizations, clubs or other associations ,prohib
ited ,or 'dissolved by Military Government;
owners of non-German Nationality, includ
ing United Nations and neutral governme~ts: and Ger':' ,
mans. outsfde of' Germa!ly;
(0*) Absentee
(g) All' other persons specified by Military Government
b~ inclusion in lists or otherwise. '
.
2. *) Property' which has been the s~bject of transfer under
wrongful acts' of confiscation, dispossess~cin or spo
whether pursuant to legislation or by procedures
to follow forms ot:. law or otherwise, is hereby
to be equally subject to seizure of possession. or
title, direction, manag~'ment, supervision or otherwise being
taken· into control by Military Government .
.) Par 1 (f) and Par. :: became eUective 14 July 19.5 (see Par. 3
of Amendment to Law NO. U; pale 21)
Abgeiuderl
Sp~rre undKolitroll~ von Vermogen
ARTIKEL I •
Arleu vou Vermocen
'I. Vermogen,. innerhalb des besetzten Gebietes,', das un
mittelbar ,oder mittelbar, gam oder tellweise'im Eigentun'l
oder· unter der Kontrolle der folgenden PerSonen' steht, wird
hiermit binsichtlich Besltz oder Eigentumsrecht der Be
schlagnahme, We'isung, Verwaltung, Aufsicht oder'sonstigen
Kontrolle durch die' Militiirregierung unterworfen:'
(~) das' Deutsche ReiCh oder eines seiner Linder, Gaue
'oder Provinzen oder eine gleichartige staatliche oder
kommunale Verwa!tung, deren Dienststellen und Or
gane, einschlieBlich oller
gemeinwirtschaftlicher
Nutzungsbetriebe, Unternehmen, offentlicher Korper':"
scllaften un4 Monopolbetriebe, die durch irgendeine' .
der .vOlCgenannten Organisationen kontrolliert wex:den;
(b) Regierungen, Staatsangehorige oder Einwohner von
Staaten, mit Ausnahme' des Deutschen Reiches, die
sich mit eiriem Mitglied der Vereinigten Nationen zu
irgendeinem Zeitpunkt seit dem 1. September. 1939
im Kriegszustande befanden, und Regierungen, Staats-,
angehOrtge und Einwohner von Lindern, die· selt die
sem Tage von den ,:,orgenannten Staaten oder von
Deutschland· besetzt waren;
,
.
(e) die NSDAP, deren Amter und Stellen; Formationen
und Organisationen, die zur ·NSDAP gehoren, der
NSDAP angeschlossen sind oder von fur betreut wer
den; deren Beamte und djejenlgen furer leitenden
Mitglieder oderAnhinger,' die von der Militarregie
rung bezeichnet werden;·
.
.
(d' allePersonen so lange als sie von der MilitaI'regie
rung in Haft odp.r sonstwie'til Verwahrtmg gehalten
werden;.
"
,(e) alle Organisationen, Klubs oder andere Vereinigun-.
gen. die von der 'Militlirregierung verboten oder' auf
. geiost werden; .
(f)·) abwesende IJ.gentilmer nichtdeutscher 'Staatsangeh6
.' rigkeit,. einschliesslich Vereinigte Nationen und neu
trale RegierungE:D, soWle Deutsche 'ausserhalb Deutsch':
lands;"
.
(g) aile ande;t;:n' Pe~sOnen, die von der Militiirregierung
durch Veroffenthehung in Listen oder auf andere,
Weise bezfO!ichnet werden.
. 2.*) Der Beschlagnahme hinsichtllch des Besitz- oder Eigerl~
. tumsrechtes, Weisung,Verwaltung, Aufsicht oder sonstigen'
Kontrolle ist aueh Vermogen unterworfen, das unter Zwang
oder Drohung "ubertragen oder rechtswidrig dem Eigen
tumer odei' Besitzer entzogen oder erbeutet worden ist ohne
Rucksicht darauf, ob diese' Handlungen In Anwendung ,von
Rechtssatzen oder 1m Wege von Verfahren, die den Schein
des Rechts zu wahren vorgaben oder in sonstiger Weise vor
~enommen wurden."
:.•) Par 1 (1) und Par 2 traten am st. July IIM5 tn Kraft (ViiI.
Plr. 3 der Anderung des Gesetzea Nr. 52: Sette 21)
�ARTICLE n
,I, Elne
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igentum
11, wird
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he oder
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KOrper
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'II
.
,e
leg, ie
>Den zu
er 1939
Staats
elt die
ler von
:ationen
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!It wer
:itenden
irregie
,irregie
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:
i.niguri
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ingehO
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gierung
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,nstigen
Zwang
Elgen
t,ohne
ng von
s.
se
1ft (VB1.
"ARTIKEL D
Verbotene BandIuncen
Prohibited TransactiODB,
3. Sofern, nlCbt p.achstehend etwas anderes bestimmt ir
oder sofern, nlellt die MiliUirteglerung ihre Ermiichtigun
otherwise authorized or directed by Military Governmen4 oder Anweisun" dazu erteilt ~at, darf niemand Vermoge
~o' person shall import, acquire or receiVle, deal 'in, sell; lease, der naellbezeichnet~n Art einfilhren, erwerben; in Empf811
transfer, export, hypothecate or otherwise ,dispose of, destroy ne~en, damit hande1n, es verkaufen, vermieten, ubertrage:
au:sfilllren, belaste~ <:>der sonstwie dariiber verfilgen, es zel
, or surrender possession, custody or control of any property:
, stOz:~n oder den Besltz, die Verwahrung oder die Kontrol.
daruber aufgeben:
.
'
(a) ,Enumerated In Article ,I hereof;
(al Vermogen, d8s in Artikel I aufgeziihlt ist;,
(b) Owned· o~ controlled, by any Kreis, muniC1pallty, or
(b)Vermtigen im Elgentum oder tinter der Kontrolle em;
other siniilar political subdivisi~n;.
" Kreises, ein,er Gemeinde oder einer sonstigen staa'
'liellen oder kommunalen Verwaltung;
"
(c) Owned or controlled by any institution dedicated to
(c), Vermogen im Elgentum oder unter der Kontrolle e1n.
publlc worship, charity, education, the . arts . . and
,
InstitUtion, dite dem offentl1e1len Gottesdienst, dt;
sciences;,
,
Wohlfabrt,' der Erziehung,der Kunst,oder den Wissel
"
sellaften gewidmet ist;
(d) 'Which, is a work of art or cultural material of' value
or importance, regardless of the ownership or control '
(d) Kunstbesitzund wertvolle oder bedeutende Kultu
gegenstiinde ohne RUcksiellt auf Elgentum oder Ko)
thereof. ,
trolle.
,
' :
' " ,
ARTICLEW
ARTIKEL W
,Responsibilities for Property
Verpfllchtungen~lchtllch der Verwaltung des Verm6ge
4. Alle Verwahrer, Pfleger, Amtspersonen oder ande
4. All, 'custodians, 'curatorS, officials,' or other persons'
Personen, die Vermtlgen der in Artikel I oder II aufgeziit
haVing possession, custody or control of property enumer
ten Art In Besitz,' in Verwahrung oder unter KontrO
ated in Articles 'lor II bereof arerequired:
,
haben, unterllegen den folgenden Verpfllchtungen: , "
(a) (I) Sie mll.!!sen das Vermogen nach den Weisung,
(a) (1) To hold the same, "Subject '4> the directions of
der Mllltiirregierung verwalten und dUrfen J
the Military Government and, pending sucb di
\, '
zum, Erlass dieser Weisung diese,s Vermogen v. ,
rection, not to transfer, deliver or otherwise dis
der Ubertragen noch, aushiindigen noch anal
, weitig dariiber verfUgenj
,
pOse of the saIne;
(II) sie mUssen das Vermtlgen' pflegllell behande
(II) To preserve, maintain and safeguardt and not to
unversehrt erhalten und besellUtzen und diirf
nichts unternehmen, 'das den Wert, oder (
, cause or permit any action which will' impair the
Brauchbarkeit derartigen' Vermtlgens beeintriic
value or utility of such property;'
,
ijgt,noch derartige Handlungen durch Dritte 2
(III) To maintain accurate records and accounts with'
lassen;
(III" sie mUsSen hinsichtlich des Vermogens und d·
respeztthereto and the income thereof.
,
sen Einnahmen genaue Aufzeichnungen fUhl
(b) When and as directed by MUitary GovernIl!ent:
, und Abrechnungen aufstellen;
,
(I) To J;ile reports furnishing suell 'data as may be" , (b) sie mussen nach Massgabe der Weisungen der Millti
regie;nmg:
required With respect to suell property and all
(I) Berichte 'einreichen und darm die blnsichtl:
'~ceipts and expendi~ures received orma~e in
dieses Vermogens verIangten Angaben mach
connection therewith;
,
",
sowie alle' hinsichtlich des Vermogens empfan:
nen Einnahmen und gemachten AWlgaben a
(II) To transfer and deliver custody, possession or
fUhren'
control of such property and all books, records
(II) die Ve'rwahrung, den Besitz oderdie' Konq(
solellen Vermogens, und alle darauf bezugllcl
and accounts relating thereto; and
Bucher,Aufzeichnungen und' Abreellnunt
(III) To account for the property, and all income and
, Ubertragen und aushiindigen; und
(III) Uber dasVermogen. alleEinnahmen und
products thereof.
" daraus erzielten Friichte Rechenschaft ableger:
5. No person shall do, cause or permit to D~ done any
5. Niemand soll elne Handlurig oder Unterlassung ,
act 'Of ,commission or omission which results in damage to gehen, verursachen, noell durch Dritte zulassen, sofern hi
durch Vermtlgen,' das den Bestimmungen dieses GeSe1
or concealm~nt of any of the properties covered by this law.
unterllegt, beschiidigt oder verheiInllcht wird.
ARTICLE IV
~TIKEL n·
3. Except as' hereinafter provided. or' when licensed or
.
Operation of'Business Enterprises and Government Property
6. Unless othe~i~ directed 'and subject to such further
limitation as rna:' be,imposed by Military Government:-.
(a), Any business enterprise subject to' control under t'his
law may enga~ 'in all transactions ordinarily inci
dental to the ,normal conduct of its business aCtivities
within o~cupied Germany provided that such' business
enterprise shall not engage in any, transaction, which,
directly orindireetly, substantially diminishes or im-,
perils the assets of such enterprise or' otherwise pre.
judicially, affects its financial position and provided
~er that twil does not authorize any transaction'
whi¢l is prohibited for any' reason otherihan the
issuance' of this law;
Betrieb ,ceschiftUcher Unternehplen und Benutzunl1
, 6tfentlleher Vermligen
6. Vorbehaltliell anderweitiger Anordnungen und weit,
Beschrlinkungen, die von der MiliUirregierung erlassen \I
den konnen, wird' folgendes bestlmmt:.
'
'(a) Jedesgeschiiftliche Unternehmen, das der Kont!
auf Grund dieses Gesetzes unterllegt" kann alle
schiifte elngehen, die normalerYieise der ordent1ic
Geselliiftstiitigkeit innerhalb des besetzten' Gebl
Deutscblands' entsprechen, vorausgesetzt, !laB d~s
ternehmen nicht Geschiifte eingeht, die unmltte
oder mittelbar die Werte des Ullternehmens erhet
verminde~ oder gefiihiden oder sonst dessen fir
nelle Lage naellteilig beeinflussen. Diese Bestimrr
ermiichtigt, nlellt zur' EIngehung von Ges~iiften.
aWi andereri alsauf diesem Geseu beruhenden 9
den verboten sind,
,25
1
�'
. (bl Property desCribed in Article I, l' (a). shall be' used
•
i
for its nonnal purposes except. as. o~erw1se prohibited
by MilitarY Government.
,
(b) Sofem nlcnt die'Milltib:regierung ein Verbot erlbst '
darf Vermogen der in Artikel I, 1. (a) beschrlebene~
Art entspreChend seinem' normalen Gebrauchszweck
benutzt werden,
j
ARTIKEL V'
ARTICLE V
.,.
Nlchtlge Gescbllfte
Void TransaetioDS
7. Any prohibited transaction effected without a ,duly
issued license or- authorization from Military· Government,
and any' tiansfe~, contract or., other a.rrangement made,
whether before ~r after the effective date of this law, with
, the intent ,to defeat or evade this law or the powers or ob
jects ,of Military Government, or the restitution of any prop
'.,. erty to its right{ul owner, !I,l nUn And'void.
'
7. N~chtigund· unWtrkSam 1st jedes verbotene Geschlift,
d~. ohne ordn~g~~el!1l:lss,. erteilte Genehmigung, oder Er
I
machtigung der M1l1Uirreglerung abgeschlossen wird,. sowie
jeda Ubertragung, jeder Vertrag und jede Vereinbarung
.glelchgilltig ob diese Geschafte vor oder nach dem Inkraft~
treten ~eses Gesetzes getiUigt wurden,vorausgesetzt, <iass
die Abslcht bestand, die Befugnisse· oder aufgaben der
Militii.rregierung oder die Riickgabe von' Verm<igen an .den
berechtigt~n EigeIltiimer zti vereiteln odei' zu umgehen.
ARTIKEL VI
ARTICLE VI
ConfJicting .Laws
" 8. In case of any inconsistency between this law or any
order made under it and any German law the former pre
vail. All German laws, decrees and regUlations providing
, for the seiZure, confiscation or' forced purchase of property
enumerated in 'Articles lor II hereof, are hereby suspended.'
i
[,
!.
(~) "Pe~son'~ shall mean any natural 'person, coiI~ctive
person and any juristic persOn under pUblic or' private
law, .and any government' including all political sub
divisions, public corPorations, agencies and,instI-u:menta
lities thereof;(b) "Business Enterprise" shill mean any person as above·
defined engaged in commerCial,· bUSiness .or public
welfare activities.
(<;) 'PrOperty" ~all meap all, movbble and immovable
property and all, rights and 1nterestS in or claims to
such· property whether present" or future. and' shall
include, ,but shall not be' limit!,!d' to, land and '~uild
ings, money. , stocicsshares, patentrlghts Ol' licenses
thereunder, or other evid.ences of ownership, and
boncis, bank balances, claims, obligations and other
''evidences of' indebtedness, 'and works of art and
other cultural materialS;
,
(d) A "National" of a state or ~vernment sh;a:l.l mean a
subject, citizen or partnership and any corporation or
other juristic ,person : existing under' the laws of, or
haVing a pr1ncip~ "office in the territOry of, such state
or. g()\rermentj ,
(e) "GERMANY" shall mean the area constltuting"Das
neutSche Reich"
It existed ~n 31 Decemper 1937.
as
ARTICLE
.'
Begdffsbestimmungen
9. Fiir die Zwecke' dieses Gesetzes gelten die folgenden
Begriffsbestimmungen:
'
, (a)· ','Personen" :bedeutet jede. natiiriiche !='erson, Gesamt
handsgemeinschaft und jurlstische' Person des offent
lichen oder. privaten Ret;hts, ferner eine Regierung
einschliesslich staatlicher· und, kommunall'!r Verwal
tungen, Korperschaften des offentlichen Rechts" deren
Dienststellen und Organe;
,
(b) "Geschaftliches. Unternehmen" bedeutet jade Person
der unter(a) beschriebenen Art, die sich auf dem Ge
bier- des Handels und· del' Industrie oder der 8ffent,.
lichen Wohlfahrt betatigt;
(c) ·.'Vermogen" bedeutet jedes bewegllche und unbeweg
liche VermOgen sowle aUe Rechte und lriteressen odeI'
Anspriiche au~ solches Vermogen, gleichgiiltig ob diese'
fill1ig, sind oder. nicht.' Es schliesst ein,- ist aber nicht
beschrankt auf: Grundstiicke wid' Gebaude, Geld,. Be
teiligungen, Aktien; Patente, Gebrauchsmuster oder
Lizenzen fiir deren., Ausiibung und andere Urkunden
zum Nachwei~' von Eigentum, Schuldverschrelbungen,
, ,Bankguth~ben, ',Anspriiche, Verbindlichkeiten, andere
UrkUnden zum Nachweis von Verbindlichkeiten, sowie
Kunstbesitz und andere. Kulturgegenstiinde;
Cd) ein ''Staatsangehoriger'' l!ines Staates oder einer Regie~
rung bedeutet ein Untertan 'oder Staatsbiirger oder
eine Pers'onenvereinigUng, Korperschaft oder sonstige
juristische Person, die auf Grund der Gesetze eines
. derart-l,ien Staates oder diesel' Regierung besteht oder
in dem Geblet eines derartigen Staates' oder elner der
artigen Regierung elne Niederlassunghat.
le) "De'utschland"', bedeutet das'· Gehlet d'es Deutschen
Reiches, wie es am 31. Dezember 1937 bestanden hat.
,
, 9. For the purpose of this law:
•
i
Gesetze&wlderspriiche
8. im Falle eines Widerspruchs zwischen diesem Gesetz
oder einer auf Grund desselben erlassenen Anordnung und
den deutschen Gesetzen, geht das erstere vor. Alle deut
schen Gesetze, Erlasse. und Bestimmungen, die Beschlag
nahme, Einziehung' oder Zwangsverkauf von Vennogen der
, in Artlkel 1. und II aufgezahlten Artvorsehen, werden hier
mit ausser Kraft gesetz(
'ARTIKEL VB
ARTICLE VB
DetlnitlODS'
~,
vm
ARTIKEI.
Vm
Penalties
'10. Any person violating anY of the .provisions of this
'law shall, upon conviction by a Mrntary GoveI'l1Iitent COurt,
llable to any 'lawful punishment, including death, the
may determine.
.
10. Jeder Verstoss gegen die' Bestimmungen dieses Ge
setzes wlrd nach Schuldigsprechung des Taters durch em
Gericht der Militiirreglerung nach dessen Ertnessen mit
jeder gesetzllch' zull:lssigen Strafe, einscbliessUch der Todes
strafe, bestraft..
ARTICLE IX,
ARTIKEL IX
8~rafen
Effective Date
11. This law
InkrafUreteD
shElll become effective upon the date, of
first promulgation: .'
'
A
,.
Its·
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GoVERNMENT
.IL
Dieses Geetz trtttam Tage
in Kraft.
seiner erste~ VerkUndung
.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILlTARREGIERUNG.
an
or,
th
N{
bt;
sp
tic
G!
Jf
wi
0)'
N(
�erll1~~~
hriebenen'
)t
Ichszweck'
Jl..
.oder Er
rd, sowie
inbarung,
, Inkraft
etzt, dass
aben der
:l an den
;ehen.
:n Gesetz
lung und
.lle deut
Beschlag
iogen der
:len bier
MILITARREGIERUNG - JJt>lr.1'I!i\;.tr.J....ti..NU
AM,ERIKAN1SCHE ZONE
MILiTARY GOl'''ERNMENT - GERMANY
"
UNl'i'm $TATES zONE
" .
"
.
ANDERUNG DES GESETZES
,Nr. 52
.
.AMENDMENT TO LAW· NO: 52
Blocking andC()ntrol of Prope~ty
~perreUnd, Beaufsichtigung von Vermogen'
1. Par. 1 (f) of Mili~ary Government Law No: 52 entitled
1. Paragraph 1 (f) des Geseties Nr. 52 der MiliUirregierung
and Control of Property\ Amended (I)", is 'mit der 'Oberschrift "Sperre und Beaufsichtigung'von Ver
mogen,' 1. Anderung;', wird' wie folgt geandert:
"
amended to' read as follows:
'''(f) Abwesende Eigentiimer nichtdeutscher Staats·
"(f), Absentee owners of' non-German nationality, in
angehorigkeit, einschlielllich V.ereinigte Nationen unc'
cluding , Unitc,~, ,Nations and neutral, governments, and
neutrale Regierungen, sowie Deutsche auBerhall
Germans outside, of Germany."
Deutschlands." ,
2. Paragraph 2 des' Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierunl
, 2. Par. 2 of Military Go'l(erpment Law No. 52 entitled
mit der 'Oberschrift "Sperre und 1:Ieaufsichtigung von Ver
"Blocking and Control of Property, Amended (1)", is amended
'"
mogen, 1. Anderurig~', wird wie folgt geandert:
to read as follows:
,"2. Der Beschlagnahme hinsichtlich des Besitz- odel
Eigentumsrechtes, Wei sung, Verwaltung, Aufsicht ode)
"2. Property which has been the subject of transfer.
sonstigen Kontrolle ist auch Vemiogen unterworfen, da: ,
under duress, wrongful acts of confiscation, disposses
unter ,Zwang 6der, Drohung "Ubertragen od~r rechts,
sio,,!-or spoliation,; wh~therpursuant to legislation \ or
,widrig dem EigentUmer, oder Besitzer entzogen ode:
by procedures purporting to follow 'forms of law or
erbeutet worden ist, ohne Riicksicht darauf,ob dies l
othenvise, is 'hereby declared to be equally subject to
Handlungen in Anwendung von Rechtssatzen oder in
,seizure of. possession' or title, direction,' management,
Wege von Verfahren, die den Schein des Rechtes ZI
supervision or otherwise' being taken into control by
wahren vorgaben oder in sonstjger Weise vorgenommel
Military Government."
wurden."
'
3. This' Law ,becomes effective 14 July 1945.
3; Dieses, GesetZ tritt am 14. Juli 1945 in Kraf~.
"BY ORDER OF MILI'FARY GOVERNMENT.
, 1M ,A:UFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
"Bloc~ing
~olgenden
Gesamt
's offent
tegierung.
yerwal- '
.ts~ deren
~
Person
~.t
mbeweg
;sen oder
00 diese
)er nicht
~eld, Be
tei" oder
frkunden
~ibungen,
• andere
!n, sowie
,r Regie_
{er ooer
sonstige
ze eines
eht oder
ner de:r-'
eutschen
den hat.
'ses Ge
ll'ch ein
.en mit
. Todes- '
•••
:u
mUNG.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT- GERMANY
SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREA OF CONTROL
GENERAL ORDER NO. t
(pur$uant to Military Government 'L~w No. 52;,
Blocking and Control of Property)
.
MILlTARREGlERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
DES OBERSTEN BEFEBLSHABER:
KONTROLL~GEBIET
\
'
"
.
ALLGEMEINEANORDNUNG Nr.
'(Gemass Gesetz ,Nr.. 52 derMilitarregierung;
Sperre und K,ontrollevon Vermogen)
I. ,It is hereby ordered that, commencing from the date of
I. Es wird hiermit verordnft.t, dass Artikel IV des Ge
announcement of dissolution; abrogation or suspension of any' setzes Nr. 52 der' Militarregierung im Faile von Organi
, organization or business enterprise by Military Government,
sationen, wirtschaftlichen Unternehmen, sowie' deren Vel
the provisions of', Article' IV of Military Government' Law, mogen, von dem T,age ab nicht mehr anzuw!'lnden ist, a
No. 52 shall no longer, apply to any such, organization or
dem ihre Aufiosung, Abschaffung oder zeitweilige Aufheb~n
business enterprise or' its property.
"
,
'
durch Anordnung der Militarregierung verkUndigtworden IS
II. Ail property of all persons described below is hereby , II, Das gesamte Vermogen aller hiernach aufgefUhrte
Personen wird hiermit von der Militarregierung ,gema:
specified by Military Government in accordance with Ar
ticle I, I>aragraph'l, sub-paragraphs (c) 'and (g) of Military 'Artikel I, § 1, Absatz (c) und (g) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 d.
Militarregierung- allen Vorschriften des G:esetzes Nr. 52 dt
Government Law No. 52, to be subject to all of the provisions
Militarregierung unterworfen; es darf darUber nicht, vediil
:>f Military Government Law No. 52, and may, not be dealt
with except ,as ,licensed or otherwise authorized or directed , werden, ,es sei denn, dass eine Erlaubnis, Genehmigung od!
Anweisuntf derMilitarregierung oder des Qesetzes Nr. ~
oy Military Government or Military Government Law
hierfiir erteitt worden ist.
No. 52:'
'
, 1. AIle PersoiHin, , die zu" irgendeiner Ze~t, Mi~glie?
1. All' persons who have been members ,at any time of' I
irgendeiner der deutschen ,Generalstabe emschliesslIc
any of the GeneralStaffs including those of the Ober
der ,Generalstabe des Oberkommandos des Heeres, d'
, kommando des Heeres, the Oberkommando d,er Kriegs
Oberkommandos der Kriegsmarine oder des Oberkon
marine or the' Oberkommando •der Luftwaffe or the
mandos der Luftwaffe ,oder des Generalstabskorl
General Staff COfPs.
•
waren'
"
, '
2. Minist~r StaatssekreUire und Ministerialdirektoren
2. Ministers, 'State Secretaries' and Ministerial Directors
allen Re'ichsministerien; ' .
'
'
in all Reich Ministries.
'
3. AIle Beamten, mit Ausnahme von BUroahgeste1lte~, :
~. All officials at any time sinae 30th January; 1933;'
, 'irgend einer Zeit, seit dem 30. Januar 1933. der ReIch
other than clerks, of the Reichskanzlei, Prasidialkanzlei'
kanzlei der Prasidialkanzlei oder des Pressechefs d
or pressechef' der Reichsregie~ung.
Reichs~egierung;
"
..
.,
.
4. Minister, ,Chief Adjutant, State Secretary, Ministerial
4, Minister,' Chefadjutant. Staatssekretar, Ml~lsterl<
Directors, heads and deputy heads of departments,
direktoren Leiter und stellvertretende LeIter d
sub-departments and agencies of th/il Ministry of Ar
ZentraIamter Amter· und Amtsgruppen des Minist
mament, and War-Produttion, including the heads of
riums fUr ,RGstung und Kriegsproduktion, ,einschli~
',
,
, all HaupfausschUsse and !;tinge., ,
lich derLefter alIer Haupt~usschUsse und Ringe;
5. All Reich Commissioners, General Commissioners and
5. AUe Reichskommissare• ..ReichsbevollmiichUgte, ,Gen
Inspectors Genenil.
'
ralbevollmachtigte und Generalinspektoren;
6. Land Ministers, ,State, Secretaries and Ministerial
6. Landesminister, Staatssekretare und .Ministerialdire
Directors at Land levels.
toren der Landesregierungen;
7.. Provincial Presidents, Reich Governors and their 'd~- .
7. Oberprasidenten. Reichsstatthalter und deren A
partment heads. , "
teilungslelter;
.'
8. Regierungspras~deri ten.
.8, Regierungsprasidenten;
,,9. Landrate; "
.
9. Landt'ate.
'
10, OberbUrgermeist$!r;
10., Oberburgermeister.
27
�..
'
•
! .
•
i.
,
i
!.
I'
I
I
I,'
I::
i.
i
i
i"
i
I
I
I
..
:1
:1'
:1
!
ii
I'"
I
'r:j,
,
T
. I
I
11. Reich~oUthLeaders (Reichsjugendf~er) at any time.
12. The President, members of the managing. board'
.(Relchsbao.kdirektorium), members of' the Beirat, and
aU Reicbsbankdirektoren .ofthe head offke (Berlin)
of the Reichsbank (Deutsche Reichsbank);all members
of the local advisory boards (BezirksbeiIate):of the
regional Reichsbank Branches (Hauptstellen, Stellen).
ll1; The boards cif directors and Yorstande of the:
(a1 Qold, Discount Bank (DeutsChe Qolddiskontbank)"
Conversion Office for German Debts (Konversions
kasse fUr Deutsche Auslandsschulden), Reichs-,
kreditkasse and German Clearing Office (Deutsche"
Verreehnungskasse).
(b) German Central Savings Bank (Deutsche GlXo
zentrale - Deutsche Kommunalbank):
(c) 13&:!lk der' DeutschenLUftfahrt, Heeres-Riistungs
A.G., RUstungskontor G.m.b;H;, 'Deutsche Bau:- und
Boden-Bank, Deutsche Industriebank, Deutsche
Gesellschaft fUr offentliche Arbeiten ("Oeffa"),
Deutsche . Siediungsbank, Deutsche Vetkehrs
Kre!fit-Bank.
(d) The following BerlIn commercial banks: The "Big
Six" - Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, Commerz
bankt Relchs-Kredit..:Gesellschaft A.G., Berliner
Handels-Gesellsohaft, and Bank der Deutschen
Arbeit A.G. Also all members of the local advisory
boards of such banks.
'
(e) Pretissische Staatsbank(Seehandiung), Berlin. Also
the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the board of
directors and the entire Vorstand of all other
, State commercial banks.
"
Reich Commissioners, Vorstand, and the boards of
14.
. directors of the;.
(a) Gerrn-an. Central,' Credit Co-operative Bank
(Deutsche Zentralgenossenschaftskasse).
(b) Deutsche Rentenbank-Kreditanstalt and DeutsChe
Rentenbank. '
All partners of the following private banks:
15.
Merck; Finck und Co., Munich and Berlin.
,Brinckmann, Wirtz ·.und Co., Hamburg..
Plerdmenges und Co., Cologne..
J. ,11; Stein, Cologne.
'
Delbrlick, von der Heydt und Co., Cologne.
Delbrilck, Schickler und Co., Berlin.'
Burkhardt und" Co., Essen.
Eichhorn und. Co., Bres1au and Berlin.
Muncbmeyer und Co., Hamburg.
\
18. All Geschilftsfilhret of Hardy & Co., G.m.b.H .• Berlin.
17. Chainnen and Vice-:Chairmen cif the Boards of Direc-'
tors and all members of the Vorstande of all commer
cial banks not otherwise ¥>pecified herein,having total
assets in excess of RM. 50,000,000. .'.
'
18. Heads' of Reichsausscbuss :rum Schutze des Deutschen
Bluteti. Reichsstelle fUr Umsiedlung, Reichsver
slcherun~samt, Reichsarchiv.
19. All officials or officers of the following Reich agen
. cies:-
"
.
(a) Office of the Plenipotentiary for the Four-Ye!U'
Plan (Beauftragter fUr den Vierjahresplan) and all
subdivisions thereof.
.
(tI) Supreme. Cc:nrnand ,of the Armed Forces (Obet.,.
kommandl. der Wehrmach't, 1. e., OKW). .
(c) Reich MiniStry for Public Enlightenment and Pro
'paganda (Reichsministerium fiir Volksaufkllirung
" und Propaganda) and national, regional and
subsidiary offices.
•
\d) Reich Air Ministry (Reichsluftfahrtministeritim).
(~) Reich Ministry for' Occupied Eastern Territories
CReicb8ministerium fur die besetzten Ostgebiete).
(I) Reich Ministry' for Ecc1esiastical Affairs CReichs
m1nl.sterium fUr Klrchliche Angelegenhelten).
(g)' European Office for Labor Supply.
.
(h) ReiCh Office for Spatial Planning (R~ichsstel!e fUr
Raumordnung).
(1) Re1cq Office for Resettiement CReichsstelle fUr Um
8iedlung).
28
U. ReichsjugendfUhrer zu irgend einer Zeit;
12. Der ·Priisident, Mitglieder des ReiChsbankdirektoriums.
Mitglieder des Beirats, und &lIe. Reichsbankdirektoren
belm Direktorium der Deutschen Relchsbank in Berlin:
alle Mitglieder der. Bezirksbeirate 'der Hauptstellen und
Stellen der R~ichban:l;cj
13. Die Mitglieder des Aufsichtsrats und des Vorstandes:
(a) der' Deutschen Golddiskontbank, der Konverstons
kasse fUr deutscpe Ausiandsschulden, der Reichs
kreditkasse und der Deutschen Verrechnungskasse;
(b) der Deutschen Girozentrale Deutschen Kom
m~albank;
,
(c) der Bank der. D~utschen Luftfahrt. der Heeres
Riistungs ,AG., des Rustungskontor G.ni.b.H., der
Deutschen .Bau- .und Boden-Bank, der Deutschen
Industriebank, der Deutschen Gesellschaft fUr
offentliche Arbeiten ("Oeffa"),' der Deutschen
Siedlungsbank, der Deutschen Verkehrs-Kredit
bank;
(d) der folgenden sechs Berliner' Grossbanken:
Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, Commerzbank,
'Reichs-Kredit-GeseUschaft A.G., Berliner Handels
Gesellschaft. Bank der Deutschen Arbei\ A.G.
Ausserdem aUe Mltglieder der ortlichen Beirate
dieser Banken;
.
(e) der PreussischeI), Staatsbank (Seehandlung), Berlin.
Auch der ..vorsltzende und der stellvertretende Vor
sitzende des Aufsichtsrats und der gesamte Vor
stand aUer anderen staatlichen Kreditbanken;
14. Reichskommissare, Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat:
(a) der Deutschen Zentralgenossenschaftskasse;
0» derDeutschen Rentenbank-Kreditanstalt und. der
Deutschen Rentenbank;
.
15. A~ Teilhaber der folgenden Privatbanken:
Merck, Finck ~nd Co., Munchen'Unfl. Ber1i~;
Brtnckmann, Wirtz und Co., Hamourg;
Pfercimenges und Co., K6ln;
J; H. Stein, K6In;.
.
.
Delbruck, von dei-Heydt und Co., K61n;
Delbruck, Schickler und Co:, Berlin;.
Burkhardt und Co., Essen;
Eichborn und Co., Breslau utld Berlin;
Munchmeyerund Co., Hamburg;
16; Alle Geschaftsfuhrer von Hardy und Co., G. m. b. H.,
'Berlin'
.
.
17. VorSi~ende "imd stellvertretende Vorsitzende des
Aufsichisrats und aUe Mltglieder des Vorstands
allerKred1tbanken, die nioht hierin erwiihint sind und
deren Aktiva 1m Einzelfalle den B-;trag von RM
50,000,000 uberschreiten;
18. Leiter des, Reichsausschus~es .zum Schutze des Deut·
schen Blutes, der ReichssteUe fUr Umsiedlung, du .
.', Reichsver~cherungs!l.mts, des Reichsarchivs;
,
. 19. AUe Beamten oder Offizere der folgenden Reichsbe-,
bOrden:
(a) Amt des Bea~ftragten fur den Vierjahresplan und
aUe Unterabteilungen desselben;
(b) Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW);
(e) Reichsminister'him fUr VolksaufklarUng und Pro~
paganda und dessen Reichsamter,Zweigstellen und
nachgeordneten Geschaftsstellen;
"
.
(d) Reichsluftfahrtministerium;
(e) Reit:hsministerium fUr die besetzten Ostgebiete;
(f) .Reichsministeri um fOr kirchliche Angelegenheiten:
(g) Europaamt fUr den Arbeitseinsatz;
" (h) Reichsstelle fUr. Raumordnung;
(I) ReichssteUe fur Umsiedlung;
(j) Akademie fur' das deutsche Recht;
(k) Oeutsche AkademlEi, Munchen;
(1) Reichsiirzte-, Tierarzte-, Zahnarzte- und Apotheker
kammern;
•
,
(m) Amt fur Forstwlrtschaft;
(n) Reichspatentamt;
�.toriwns. '
,rektoren
1 Berlin;
:ii
d
verslons
, Reichs
19skasse;
,n Kom-
Reeres-'
:l.R., der,
·eutschen
laft fUr
'eutschen
;:-Kredit
sbanken:
lerzbank,
Handels
ei\ A.G.
" Beiriite
;), Berlin.
:ndeVor
nte Vor
lken;
t:
e;
und der
,n;
• .
1
.m.b.R.,
nde des
lorstands
sind und
von RM
es Deut
ung, d(,~
teichsbe
,I
plan, und
md Pro
!llen und
:biete;
~nheiten;
•r
~
.[t~;·I!
,.(j)A.cademy of German Law (Akademie fUr, das
deutsche Recht). '
(It) German' Academy (Deutsche Akademie, Munich),
(1) Reich Chambers for Doctors, Veterinaries, Deriti'its
and Apothecaries (Reichsarzte-, Tierarzte-, Zahn~
arzte- und Apothekerkammern).
,
(m) Office of Forestry (Amt fUr Forstwirtschaft)'.
(n) Reich Patent Office (Reichspatentamt).
20. All members of every German Reichstflg since
1st January 19,34.
21. Reich Labor Trustees (Reichstreuhander der Arbeit).
22. The follo~ing officials of the Reich Food Estate: All '
BauernfUhrer - from and including the Kreis level
up; Chairmen of the Central Market Associations
(Hauptvereinigungen), R~gionar Market Associatiop
(Wirtschaftsverbande) and County or local marketing
associations (Unterverbande), Presidents of Regional
",Food Offices (Landesernahrungsamter) and County
Food Offices (Ernahrungsamter); and' their deputies.
23. All university 'rectors and curators appointed since
30th January, 1933, including heads of all institutions
of university rank (Hochschulen).
'
24. Memb'ers of the Supreme Court (Reichsgericht); Peopl~'s
Court (Volksgericht); Reichsverwaltungsgericht; Reichs
kriegsgericht; Reichserbhofgeiicht; Reichsarbeitsgericht;
Reichsehrengerichtshof;,Oberstes Fldeikommissgericht;
Oberprisenhof.
25. Members of the Courts of Appeal (Oberlandesgerichte),'
26. Chief Public Prosecutors (Oberreichsanwalte, General
staatsanwalte und' OberstaatsanwiHte). '
27. All members of the S8; all officers and noncommis
sioned,officers of the Waffen SS and SA,from Unter
scharfUhrer up.
'
28.H,itler Youth officials, and officers (rpale and female)
from Stammfuhrer or MadelringfUhrerin up. , '
29. Officials and officers of the 'NSDAP; down to Orts
gruppenleiter; directors, officials and officers of any'
organization, institution; department, agency, office or,
other entity forming part of, attached ,to, affiliated
with, or in any way controlled or' supervised by 'any
organisation listed in Military Government Law No.5,
and of any of the following NSDAP agencies:,'
,
(a) Reich Committee for People's Health' Service
(Reichsausschuss fur Volksgesundheitsdienst).
'
(b) Reich Sport Office (Reichssportamt).
'
(c) Reich Genealogical Office (Reichssippenamt).,
(d) State, Academy for Race and Health (Staatsakade
mie fUr Rassen und Gesundheitspfiege, Dresden).
(e) All publishing houses and printing works owned or
controlled by the NSDAP, such as Phoenix G.m,b.~"
the Eher Verlag, and all enterprises owned or con
trolled by any of, them.
'
(f) Association of German Organizations Abroad (Ver
band Deutscher Vereine im Ausland, i. e., VDV A),
(g) Fraternity U.S.A. (Kamenidschaft U.S.A:)'
(h) Ibero-American Institute (Ibero-Amerikanisches
Institut). '
,
"
,
(i) World Service (Weltdienst). .
(j) Main Office for the Security of ,the Reich (Reichs
sicherheitshauptarrit).,
'
(k) Main Office for Budgets and Buildings, (Hauptamt '
,
fUr Haushalt und B a u t e n l . ,
(I) Main Office for Administration and Economy
(Hauptamt fUr Yerwaltung und Wirtschaft).
(m) The Hanns Kerr! Community' Camp (Gemein
schaftslager Hanns Kerrl).
'
(n) German Fichte Association (Deutscher Fichte,
Bund).
(0) Sturmal:!teilungen (SA), and all, formatio~s, sub
divisions and affiliated organizations thereof, in
cluding the SA- Wehrmannschaft or pre-Military
training centers.
'
(p) NS!Kraftfahrerkorps, i. e. NSKK, or Motor Corps,
,(q) , NS-Fliei!erkorps., L e, NSFK, or Flying Corps.
(r) Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend. 1. e., HJ) and sub
sidiary organizations,
(s) German Christian Movement (Deutsche Christen
Bewegung).
(t), NeO-Pagan Movement (Deutsche 'Glaubensbewe
gung) .
20. Aile Mitglieder jedes Deutschen Reichstags seit dem
1. Jimuar 1934;
21. Reichstreuhander der Arbeit;
22. lJie folgehden Amtstrager des Reichsn~hrstandes:.
iille KreisbauernfUhrer und hohere Bauernfuhrer; Vor
sitzendeder Hauptvereinigungen, Wirtschaftsverbande
'un'd Kreis- oder ortlichen Unterverbande, Prasldenten
der' Landesernahrungsamter und Ernahrungsamter"
und ihre SteIlvertreter;
23. Alle,iUniversitatsrektoren und -kuratoren. ,die, seit
dem 30. Januar' 1933 ernannt worden sind, einschliess
lich 'der Leiter aIler Institutionen; die mit Univeisitaten
aufgleicher Sttife stehen (Hochschulen);
24. Mltglieder des Reichsgerichts, Volksgerichts, Reichs
verwaltungsgerlch ts, Re!chskriegsgericht,s, Reichserbhof
, gerlchts, Reichsarbeitsgerichts, Reichsehrengerichtshofs,
Obersten Fideikommissgerichts, Oberprisenhofs;
25. Mitglieder der Oberlandesgerichte;
.
26. Oberreichsanwalte,' Generalstaatsanwalte undOber
staatsanwalte;
"
'.
27. AIle Mitglieder der SS· aIle Offiziere tind Unteroffiziere
der Waffen-SS tind SA 'vom UnterscharfUhrer, aufwarts;
"28. Beflmte' und 'FUhrer(lnnen) der Hitler-Jugend von
, Stammfiihrer' CIder, MadelrILngfuhrer.jn aUfwarts;
,
29. Beamte' und Leiter der NSDAP, vom Ortsgruppenleiter
aufwarts, Direktoren, Be,amte und Leiter irgend .eine r
Organisation, eines Unternehmens, einer, Abtellung,
Arritsstelle Geschaftsstelle oder einer anderen Stelle,
welche ei~en Tei! eiller Organisation' bildet, die im
Militarregierungs-Ges~tz Nr:. 5 erwahnt ist, ,dieser .an
gegUedert oder angeschlossen ,ist oder in irgend emer
Weise von eirier solchen iiberwacht' oder betreut wird,
\ sowie der folgenden Stellen der NSDAP:
'.(a) Reichsausschuss fUr Volksgesundheitsdienst; ,
(b) Reichssportamt;
(c) Reichssippenamt;
Cd) Staatsakademie fUr Rassen~ und Gesundheitspflegc,
Dresden;
,
, (e) AIle Verlagshiiuser und'Druckereien, die der NS
'DAP gehoren oder von ihr kontrolliert werden, wh
z. B. die Phoenix G. m. b. H., der Eher-Verlag uno
alle ,Unternehmen, ,die Ihnen gehoren oder vor.
Ihnen kontrolliert werden;
(f) Verband Deutscher Vereine' im Ausland, VDV A;
(g) Kameradschaft U. S. A.;
(h) Ibero-Arnerikanisches Institut;
(i) .Weltdienst;
,
(j) Reichssicherheitshauptamt;
(k) Hauptamt fUr Haushalt tind Bauten;
(I) Hauptamt fUr Verwaltung und Wirtschaft;
(m) Gemeinschaftslager Hanns Kerrl;
(n) Deutscher Fichte Bund;
'(0) SA (Sturmabteilungen), und aIle deren Gliederun
, gen, Unterabteilungen und angeschlossenen Orga
nisationen, ein'schliesslich der SA-Wehrmannschai
'oder fUr den Wehrdienst vorbereitende Ubung!'
truppen; , "
'
(p5 NSKK (NS-Kraftfahrerkorps);
(q) NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps);
(r) Hitler..Jugend (HJ) und untergeordnete Organis;
tionen;
,
(s) Deutsche Christen-Bewegung;
(t) Deutsche Glaubensbewegung;
(ll) Techniscbe Nothilfe (TN);
(v) Volksdeutsche Bewegung.
30, Jede Person, welche,'ausserhalb Deutschlands zu irger"
einer Zeit seit dem 1. April 1933, im Diehste oder Au
trage der Deutschen Lufthansa A,G., tatig war; ur
jeder 3eamte oder Offizier, weIcher innerhalb Deutscl
lands zu" irgend einer Zeit seit dem 1. April 1933, .
derem Dienste oder Auftrage Hitig' war:
31. POlizeiprasidenten ur,d Polizeidirektoren und al
POlizeioffiziere vom ObersUeutnant aufwarts;
32. AIle Mitgliedcr der Sipo '(Sicherheitspolizei): der G
heimen Staatspolizei (Gestapo). des'Sicherhcitsdiensl
und der Grenzpolizei;
33. ,Beamten der Deutschen Arbeitsfront (einschliessli
Kraft durch Freude) mi l dem 'Range eines Arbeil
fUhrers oder bOher. im Reich und allen Gauen:
�..
\
I
e.,.
(11) Technische Nothilte, I.
TN.
(v) , Volksde~tsche Bewegung'.
30. EverY per.sonwho,at any time sincelst April, 1933,
has'served the ,Deutsche Lufthansa, A.G., outside, Qer- '
• manY and, every 'official or officer who has served it
with1Il Germany at
t1mesince 1st April, 1933. ,,'
31. Polic6', PreSidents and Dlrectors:aid all, Poli~ officers
above, the rank of lieutenant colonel.
'
32; All members, of Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei), ' ~f
Secret Police (Gestapo), Security Service (Sicherheits
dienst), and Frontier, Police' (Grenzpolizel).,
33. German ,Labor Front ,officials of the rank of Ar
beitstuhrer and higher (including Kraft durch Freude)
at Reich and Gau levels;
,
,
34. Civili:m.0fficials and military'officials of the rank of
captain or equivalent or above. in German adminis.,.
tration of occupied· countries. and all persons who
have acted as representatives of the' NSDAP in oc
'cupied countries not otherwise covered ,herein.
35:' Leaders, Chairmen.- Presidents and their Deputies of,'
National Economic Chambe'rs. B.ieichsgrupperi. ,National
,Transportation Groups', (Reichsverkehrsgruppen), Wirt
schaftgruppen, GaLl Economic Chambers and -affiliat
ed Economic Chambers.
"
,
,'
,
,' ,
36.. ' Responsible, ,officers of the Organisation Todt.
37. AllWehrw'ii"tschaftsfuhre~;'
"
S8. President and all other officials of the Werberat der
" Deutschen, Viirtschaft and its component organiza
,.'
".'
,
tions.
any
:!
.,,
,
S9..A,ll directors and high officials of the Re1chsrundfunk
G.m.b.H., an<;lthe Deptsches Nachrichtenburo.
,
40. All managers. directors and officials of the Deutsclie '
Umsiedlungs Treuhand G.m.b.H.
"
41. Presidents, Vice-Presidents .and Secretaries of' the
Reichskulturkammer, of each subordinate Kammer,
and heads of sections of each'subordinate Kammer. '
42. Editors, assistant editors, directors and all other exec
utives,'.of all newspapers, .magaiines and other news
disseminating agencies owned or controlled by 'the
NSDAP or. any organization, department, agency, in
stitution, office or other entity forming part' of, at
tached to; affiliated with, ,or controlled by the NSDAP. '
43. All ArIttsleiter and higher officials of the Reichspropa":
ganqaleitung. '
,
44. Persons. other than those lisDed above who' have ac"'
cepted the' Nazi hon'orl;;, of Blutorden, Ehrensold.
Ehrendolch.
"
"
,
45. All persons removed, from office or pOsition, pu~1ic or
,Private, or arrested and held by the Military Forces
or ,~litary Government and all persons suspended,
f.t:om office or position; public or private, by Military
Government for the time such persons are suspended;
.:regardless· of ,whether. or not they are listed above.
III. '1. The specification of the foregoing persons shall be
deemed to include all persons who are now holding or
who at any, time since 31st December, 1937,' have held
such positions and the nominees of ariy of them.
2. The specification of the' foregoing agencies, organi
i' zations and other entities shall be deemed to include
their successors, substitutes or nominees.
r , IV.' As, used herein, with respect to any stock company
I:
(Aktiengesellschaft, A.G.), any registered association (ein
,getragener Verein, e.V.), and any limited liability company
(Gesellschaft mlt beschrankter Haftung, G.m.b.H.), the
term "official" .shall mean any' individual, whether, an of
ficer or not, who is empowered, ~ither alone or with ,others,
to bind or sign for or on behaif of any of the foregoing (e. g.,
AUfsichtsra tsmi tglieder, Geschaftsfuhrer, Vorstandsmi tglie
der or Prokuristen); with respect, to Government departor agencies ,the term "officials" shall mean all heads
neonalrtn~prlts,· subdepartments, sections or other similar
units.
V; All 'custodians,curators, officials' or' other persons
having possession, custo~y or control of any of the property'
of the foregoing are required to comply with Military Gov
ernment Law No. 52.
.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
34.Zivil- 'und Militlirbeamte mit clem Range etnesHauPt~
manns oder ,elnem ,anderen gleichstehenden, oder '
hOher~n Range In der deutschen Verwaltung der be:.
setzten Lander und', aUe PerSonen, .die, als Vertreter
,dar NSDAP in besetzten Liindern aufgetretensind
soweit dieselben' in dieser Vorschrlft anderweitig
nicht erwlihnt sind;
,
,35. Die Leiter,; Vorsitzef'1.de und Prasidenten det Relchs
wirtschaftskaminer, ,.dei' Reichsgruppen, .der ' Reichs
verkehrsgruppen, Wirtschaftsgruppen, Ge,uwirtschafts
k~mem' und, angeschlosserien Wirtsch8itskammern
soWlederen Stellvertreter;
" , '
,36. 'Verantwortllche Oftiziere der Organisation' Todt·
37. AIle WehrwiFtschaftsfiihrer;' '
'
38. Der Vorsitztmd~' und, aIl~" anderen Mitglied~r' des
Werberats der deutschen Wirtschaft undder ibm an
gehorigen Organisa~ion.m;
,
39. AIle GeschliftsfUhrer'und Mitglieder. des Aufsichtsrats
der' ,Reichsrundfunk G.m.b.H. und des Deut'schen
Nachrichtenburos; ,
40. AIle Leiter, Direktoren und Beamten der Deutschen
Umsiedlungs Treuharid .G.m.b.H.;
4i'. Prasidenten, Vizeprasidenten und Sekretare der
Reichskulturkammer, jeder untergeordneten Kammer'
und '·die, Abteilungsleiter. jeder ' untergeordneten
Kammer;
',',
42. Redakteure, Hilfsredakteure, Direktoren, "Geschlifts
fUhrer und MitgUeder des Aufsichtsrats aller Zeitim
gen, ~e!tschriften .un~ sonstiger der Verbreitung' von
Nachrlchten gewldmeten Unternehmen, die der
NSDAP gehoren oder von ihr kontrolliert ,werden,
otter irgend einem Unternehmen einer Abteilung, Be
horde,' Amtsstelle,' Geschaftsstelle oder' sonstigen 'Or
ianisation, welche der NSDAP angegliedert oder an
geschlosen ist, oder von Iht (iberwaeht oder betreut
wird, gehoren;
,
43. Alle Amtsleiter und hohere Beamten der Reichspropa~
gandaleUung;.'
,
.,'
, ,,
44. Personen, die nieht oben aufgefiihrt sind und natio
nalSozialistische 'Auszeichnungen "wie den Blutorden,
den Ehrensold oder den Ehrendolch' angenommen
, habenj
:
' " ,:
,
45. AIle Person en, die aus ihrem Amt oder 'ihrer Stellung,
gleichgultig ob diese of(entlic.h oder privat war, ent-'
lassen sind oder verhaftet und von den Streitkraften
oder der Militarregierung' suspendiert sind, fUr die
Dauer ihrer, Suspendierung, gleichgtiltig ob sie oben
aufgezahlt sind oder nicht.
'
.
III.!. Die Aufstellung, vorstehimder Personen schliesst
aUe solche Personen' ein, die Posten der 1m vorstehenden
bezeiehneten Art gegenwartig innehaben, oder sie zu irgend'
einem Zeitpunkt selt dem 31: Dezember 1937 inne hatten, so
wie aIle solchen Personen, die von Ihnen als Strohmanner
ernann~ wurden.
",
.
2. Die Aufste~lung" der 1m vorstehenden aufgefUhrten
,Amtsstellen, Organisationen und anderen Verbanden soIl
auch aIle ihre Nachfolger-, Ersatz- oder Tochter-SteUen,
-Organisationen und, sonstige derartige Verblinde ein
schliessen.
'
IV. Das Wort "Beamter", soweit es in diesei: Vorschrift im
Zusammenhange mit Aktiengesellschaften (A.G.), eingetra
genell Vereinen (e.V.) und Gesellschaften mit beschrankter
Haftung (G.m.b,H.) gebraucrit wird, solI aHe Personen !,!in
schliessen, die, ohne Rucksicht darauf, ob sie eine' Amtsstel
lung innehaben oder nicht, entweder einzeln oder gemein
sam ermachtigtsind, Verbindlichkeiten zu .Lasten des Ver
eins oder der Gesellschaft einzugehen oder in deren Namen
oder Auftrag zu' zeichnen (z. B. Aufsichtsratsmitglieder, Ge
schaftsfUbrer,Vorstandsmitglieder oder Prokuristen); 1m
Zusammenhange mit Regierungsabteilungen oder Amts
steHen solI das Wort "Beamter" aHe :Vorsteher von Abtei
lungen, Unterabteilungen, AmtssteHen, , oder anderen ann-'
lichen organisatorischen Einheiten einschll.essen.
V. AIle Verwahrer, Pfleger, Beamten oder' andere, Per
sonen, die irgendwelche vorerwahnten Vermogensteile 1m
Besitz oder Verwahrung haben- oder die VerfUgung uber die
selben ausUben,' sind verpfiichtet, den Vorschriften des Ge
setzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierung' Folge zu leisten.
I~ A UFTRAGE DER MILITAluu:GIERUNG.
so
't, '~.
()
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w
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it
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III
, 8,
110
, IE
i
�~n
'MILITARY GOvERHM£NT ~ G£RMANY
,
UNITED STATES ZONE
'
.
der be
rertreter ,
:e_..,.
.e~·
Reichs
Reichs
tschaIts_
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der des
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ire der
Kammer'
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~scliafts-
Zeitim
ung von
lie ,der
,werden,'
109, Be
gen Or
lder an
, betreut
lspropa.:
d.n'io:
,u
n,
n
Stellung,
'ar, ent
itki-atten
fur die'
iie oben
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:ehenden
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tten. so
:lmanner
efuhrten
:len soIl
'-Stellen,
de ein-"
:hrift im
!ingetra
nrankter
nen ein- ,
.mtsstel
gemein
les ,Ver
'1 Namen
der, Ge
,en); im
. Amts
:1 Abtei
en iilm
~re
Per
.tUNG.,
GENERAL O_RDERNO. 2
;.
',~
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR.2
(Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
. Blocking and Control of Property)
(Gemass Gesetz'Nr. 52 der ,M~litiirregi,erung;
Sperre und Kontrolle 'von Vermogen)
··.. ·1. G,Farbenindustrie A. G.
,I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G.
, In Allbetracht der Tatsaci1e, dass das. Hatiptziel der Ver
Whereas, it is the main obj~tive of the United Nations
to prevent Germany from ever again disrupting the peace elnten Nationen darin besteht, eine nochmalige Storung der
Weltfriedens durch Deutschland unmoglich zu machen;
of the world;
dass die I. G. Farbenlndustrie A. G. bel dem 'Aufbau unc
Whereas•. 1. G. FARBENINDUSTRiE A. G. played a
'des
prominent part in building up and maintaining the German, , der Aufrechterhaltung 'hat; deutschen Kriegsapparates eine ,
wichtige Rollegespielt
war machine; ,
dass die 1. G.' Farbenindustrie A.' G. durch ihr tiber di(
Whe~eas, through its world-wide cartel system' and
ganzeWelt verbreitet'es Kartellsystem und durch ihr Ge·
practices, 1. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G., as a deliberate
schaftsgebaren sich an DeutscHlands Streben nach Welter·.
oberung, durch Stor:ung des WachstumS' der Industrie unc
·;.Jart of Germany's bid. for wOl'ld conquest, hampered the
des Handels anderer Nationen tind durch Schwachung ihrel
growth of industry. and commerce of other nations and
weakened their power to defend themselves';
Verteidigungskraft wissentlich beteiligt hat;
dass das' Kriegspotential, das die im Besitzoder unter deJ
Whereas, the war-making power represented by .the in
Kontrolie der 1. G. Farbenindustrie A.. G. betindlich'e In·
dustries owned or. controlled by I., G. F ARBENINDUSTRIE
dustriedarstellt, eine erhebliche Bedrohung des Frieden'
A. G. constitutes a major threat to the peace and security
und der Sicherheit der Nachkriegswelt bildet, solange sl<
of the post-par world so long as stich industries remain
sich unter deutscher Kontrolle befindet;
within the control of Germany;
, dass die tlbernahm~ der· Leitung und Kontrolle der 1. G
Whereas, it is essential to the objectives' of the United
Farbenindustrie A. G. und die Besitzergreifung ihres Ver'
Nations to take over the direction and contrel of 1. G. FAR':: , mogens zur Eri:eichtmg der Ziele der Vereinten Nationel
BENINDUSTRIE A. G. and to seize possession of its prop
unbedingt erforderlich ist, urn diese Industrie und dami
,erty in order to bring about its destruction and .the warda~Kriegspotential, das sie da;steut, zu bese~tigen; und,
making potential which it represents; and
'
dass die Absicht besteht, das beschlagnahmte Vermogel
dem Kontrollrat (Deutschland) zur Verftigung zu stellen, falL'
Whereas, it is intended. that the proPerty seized will be
dies von dem Kontrollrat verlangt wird;
placed at the disposition of the Control Council (Germany),
wirq. hiermit folgendes angeord~et:
whe? such action is desired by the Control Council;
, 1. Dasgesamte Vermogen innerhalb der ,Amerikanisch,el
Zone in Deutschland. welches mittelbar oder unmittelbar In
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
Eigentum oder unter der Kontrolle' der 1. G. Farbenindustri'
L All the property within the United· States, Zone in
A. G., einef nach deutschem Recht errichteten und best~
,Germany owned or controlled, directly or indirecUy, by.' henden Korperschaft mit Sitz und Hauptniederlassung IJ
I. G. "FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G., 'a corporation, organized
Frankfurt 'a. M., steht, -wird hiermit laut Paragraph 1 (g) de
and eJ\:isting under arid by virtue of the, laws of Germany
Gesetzes der Militarregierung Nr. 52 als ·der· Besitzergrei
with seat. and head office at Frankfurt a/Main, is hereby
fung, Leitung u1}d Kontrolle" der· MilWirregierung unter
specified under paragraph 1 (g) of Military Government Law liegend erklart.
,
,
No. 52 ~o' be, subjeCt to seizure of possession, direction, and
2. Die Leitung und Kontrolle der 1. G. Farbenindustri
contrOl, by Military Government.
A.. G. und der Besitz ihres gesamten Vermogens ~n der Arne
rikaniSchen Zone' Deutschlands werden hlermlt von der.
2. Tbe direction and control of I.G. FARBENINDUSTRIE
A... G. and. the possession of all its property in the United Militargouverneur .der Amerikanischen Zone ubernommel
'3. Bis zur' Uberhahme der Kontrolle dieses Vermog en
States Zone, are hereby seized by the Military Governor,
durch den Kontrollrat, oder eine seiner Behorden, werde
United States Zone.
'
,
samtliche', Befugnissedes Militargouverneurs der Amenka
. 3." Pending the assumption of ~ontrol of 'such property by
nischen Zone hinsichtlich des auf Grund dieser Anordnun
the Control Council, or an agency thereof, all the powers of
beschlagnahmten Vermogens sowieder Leitung und Kon
the Military Governor, United States Zone, with respect to
trolle der Gesellschaft hiermit dem Stellvertreter des M;
the property seized pursuant aereto and with respect to the
litargouverneurs der Amerikanischen Zone ubertragen. EI
directioo and control of ·the corporation ar~ hereby delegated
machtigung zur: weiteren' Ubertragung von einz~lnen, od~ ,
to. the Deputy Military Governor, United States Zone. Re
saintlichen'Befugnissen wird hiermit gegebem' Bel der, ~\lf
delegation of any or all such powers is hereby authorized.
ubung dieser Befugnisse sind der Stellvertreter ~es Milltal
In the exercise of such powers the Deputy Military Gov-.. gouverneurs der Amerikanischen Zone oder von Ihm beau!
ernor, United States Zone, or any person ,acting by or under
tragte oder ermachtigte Personen hinsichtlich des betroffene
his authority with respect to the proper,ty affected hereby 'Vermogens den deutschen Gesetzen nicht unterworfen.
shall not be subject to German law.
. .
4. Bei der Ausiibung dieser Befugnisse dienen. dem Stet
Vertreter des Militargouverneurs oder den von Ihm beau,
4, In toe exercise of such powers the Deputy Military
tragten oderermachtigten Personen hinsichtlich· di~ses Vel
Governor, or any person acting by cfr under his authority, mogens die. in der Praambel aufgefUhrte!l allgeme!nen. o~~
. with respect to such property, shall be guided by the. . im folgenden aufgefuhrten besonderen Zlele als R!cht~mle,
general ,obj~tives stated in the preamble hereof and by the
und diese konnen aile die Massnahmen treffen, die Sle Zt
following specific objectives, and will take such measures as
Erreichung dieser Ziele fUr geeignet erl:!chten:.
.'
he deems appropriate. to accomplish them:
. a) den verwiisteten nicht feinalichen europaischen Lib
dern und den Vereinten Nationen auf Grund eines' Pr.
a) The making .available to ,devastated non-enemy
gramms der Hilfe, Rtickerstattung und Wiedergutmac~un
countries of Europe and to the United Nations, in .accord
das diesbezuglicp aufgestellt werden .kann, auf Grund !:hes'
, ance with such programs of relief, restitution and repara
Anordnung beschlagnahmte Vcrmogenswerte zur Verf,~gU1
tions as may be decided upon, of any of the properly seized
stellen, insbesondere: Laboratorien, Fabriken und Ausrustw
'under this order and, in particular, of' laboratories,' plants
and, equipment which produce chemicals, synthetic petro-' gen zur Erzeugung von Chemikalien, syntnetischem 01 UI
: leum and' rubber, magnesium and. aluminum and other non
Kautschuk;, Magnesium, Aluminium und sonstigen . Nich
ferrous metals, iron and· steel, machine tools; and heavy ,e.isenmetallen, Eisen und Stahl, Werkzeugmasohinen ;\11
machinery;
.
.
schweren Maschinen;
J
.v'
.MILITXRREGiERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
,
81
�, '
I
'""
I ' , ,"
Ie ','
f
\
:1
:1 :
il
,
!'
.;
b) aile aufCrund dieser Anordnung beschlagnahmten
b) Destruction of all property seized under this order
and not transferred under' the p~ovisions of paragra~~ a) , und nicht gemiiss'den Bestimmungen des' vorstehenden Ab
satzes a) ubertragenen Verrpogensteile vernichten, sofern sie
above if adapted to the production of arms, ammUnItlOn,
zur Herstellung 'von Wafferi, Munition, Giftgas, Sprengstof
poison' gas, explosives, and otlier i~plement~ of war, or any
sen und sonstigem Kriegsgeriit oder von Teilen, Zusammen
setzungen oder Beimiscl)ungen fUr.' die genannten Gegen
parts,components or ingredients designed for incorporation
stiinde geeignet sind und 'nicht zu den Typengehoren, die in
in the foregoillg, and not of a type generally ,used in in
den in Deutschland zugelassenen, Industrierzweigen gewohn
dustriespermlt'ted to operate within Germany;
lich, gebraucht werden;
c) Dispersion of the ownership and control of such of
c) ,Eigentum sowie Fabriken und Ausrustungen, die auf
tne plans and equipment seized under this order as have
Grund dieser Anordnung beschlagnahmt und weder laut Ab
not. been transferred or destroyed pursuant to paragraphs a)
satza) und b) ubertragen, noch vernichtet worden sind, 'aUf
a'nd b) above.
't~ilen bzw. beaufsichtigen.
5. a) The entire management of I., G. F ARBENINDUSTRIE
5., a) Di~ gesamte Leitun6 der t. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.,
A. G., including but not l'imited totlie' supervising' board
auch.. einschliesslich des Aufsichtsrats, Vorstands, des Di
(Aufsichtsrat), the board of dir~ctors (Vorstand), and di~
rektoriums und sonstiger 'beamteter oder nichtbeamteter Per-.,
rectors '(Direktoriutn) and all other persons, whether 'office
sonen, die ~llein ,oder i,n Gemeinschaft mit' anderen er
miichtigt sind, fUr di~ 1. q. Farbenindustrie A., G. Verbindholders or not, who are empowered, ,either, alone or with
others, to bind orioign for or on behalf of 1. G. FARBEN I lichkeiten einzugeheri 'oder fUr sie odeI' in deren Namen zu
INDUSTRIE A. G: are forthwith removed' and discharged ,zeichnen, wird hiermit' abgesetzt, aus ihren Stellungen ent
lassen und ihrer samtlichen Befugnisse hinsichtlich der Ge
and deprived of all authority to act with respect to the
sellschaft, oder deren Vermogen enthoben. '
corporation 'or its property'
'
bLDie Rechte .derAktionare auf Wahl der Leitung und
b) The rights of shareholders in respect of selection of,
Aufsicht tiber die' I. G. Farbenindustrie A; G. ,sind auf
management or con'~rol of. 1. G. F ARBENINDUSTRIE A. G.
gehoben. . '
'
are suspended,
'
6. Artikel IV des Geaetzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierung ist
6. Article IV of Military Governmerit Law No.· 52 shall not
auf Vermogen oder Unternehmen, die durch diese Allgemeine
be applicable to any property or, enterprise affected' by this
Anordnung erfasst werden, nicht a,nwendbar.
'
General Order.
l
7.. Diese Allgemeine Anordnung tritt am 5. Juli 1945 in
7. This General Order, shall becom~ effective on 5 July 1945.
Kraft.
BY ORDER: ,.oF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
, 1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREG:IERUNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
MILlTaRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
,GENERAL ORDER NO.. 3
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR.3
(Pursuant to Military Government Law ,No., 52;
Blocking and Control of Property.)
'"
' Bank der, Deutschen Arbeit A. G. \ '
(Gemass Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung;
. Sperre und Kontrolle von Verlnogen.)
.
Whereas, the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G., a banking
corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of
the law's of Germany with its head office at Berlin, is com
pletely owned by an official organization of the Nazi party,
'the Deutsche Arbeits,,:,Front; which has been ordered dis..,
solved;
,
'
'
Whereas, the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit 1\, G. has been
used by the Nazi party to" consummate a large majority of
its more obnoxious financial transactions within Germany
and in" countries temporarily under German armed dom- '
ination;
Whereas, the ,Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. served' as
the reservoir to hold Nazi party members'. fees and other
semi-compulsory contributions and was used to finance the,
economic enterprises of the Deutsche Arbeits Front;
.
:1,'
Whereas,- the directors and management officials of the
~il'
Bank der Deutschen ArbeitA. G., have been Nazi political
:'il '
favorites and Nazi party" officials and persons who are now'
~.' prohibited "from engaging in the 1;)Usiness of banking;
:
Whereas, it is one objective of the United Nations that
.11, '
Nazi party organizations of every description be eliminated;
"
it is bereby ordered:
1. CommenCing from the effective date hereof the pro
visions of Article IV of Military Government Law ,No. 52
shall 'not apply to the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. 'G.,
(hereinafter called the Bank) nor to any of its property:
",Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A; (i-.
. In Anbetracht dessen,
dass die Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. ein unter deut
schen Gesetzen gegriindetes und bestehendes Bankunter
nehmen mit Stammsitz in Berlin. in ihrer Gesamtheit Eigen
tum der DeutschenArbeitsfront, ist, deren Auflosung als
amtlicheOrganisation der NSDAP angeo.rdnet ist; und'
dass. die B.ank der Deulschen Arbeit A. G. von der NS
DAP dazu benutzt.,wurdc, dengi:Ossten Teil ihrer weniger
einwandfreien Finanzgeschiifte in ,Deutschland und in, den
zeitweise von der deutschen Wehrmacht besetzten.Liindern
durchzuftihren; und
'
.
dass die Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. zur Ansamm
lung der' Mitgliede~beitrage' der Partei und anderer halb
freiwilliger Zahlungsleistungen diente und zur Finanzierung
'der wirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen der Deutschen Ar'
beitsfront benutzt wurde; u n d o
, dass die Direktoren und leitenden Beamten der Bank der
Deutschen Arbeit 'A. G. politische Gtinstlinge der Partei und
Parteibeamte oder sonstige Personen waren, denen die ,Tiitig,
keit im BankgeschiHt ver.boten worden ist; und
. dass die Ausschaltung samtlicher Organis~tionen der NS
, DAP zu den Zielen der Vereinten Nationen gehort;
'j
wird hiermlt folgendes' angeordnet:
1
1. Mit dem "Inkrafttreten dieser Verordnung finden die'
I
Bestimmungen des Artikels IV des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Mil:tiirregicrung keine Anwendung mehr auf die Bank de r ,l!i
Deutschen Arbeit A .G., (im folgenden kurz' Bank genannt)
sowie auf deren gesamtes VermOgen.
,t
�lden
lofern
'rengstof.
:amm.en:~
.!n
'7.,
<
g
,t:·
die auf
laut At>-
;ind, auf
I,
,I,
~ie A.
G.:,
des Di
eter Per
eren er
Verbind
ramen zu
;gen ent-'
der,Ge
tung und
:ind auf
erung ist
1gemeine
: 1945 in
:RUNG
fng;
J
2. Das gesamte der Bank gehOrende ,oder von ihr' unmit
telbar oder mittelbar, ganz oder teilweise kontrollierte Ver
mogen in der Amerikanischen Zone Deutschlands wird hier
durch zur ,Beschlagnahme, Verwaltung und Kontrolle durch
die'Mllitiirregierung nach Art. 1 (g) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der
Mili tarr~gierung besUmmt.
"
, 3. Die Obernahme der Verwaltung und Kontrolle alIer
Niederlassungen, Buros, und Filialen der Bank sowie die In
besitznahme ihres gesamten Vermogens und ihrer Guthaben
in derAmerikanischen Zone durch die Militarregierung er
folgt hlerdurch. '
4. Die erwahnten Niederlassungen, BUros und Filialen sind
,am 1. September 1945 um 0 'Uhr 01 fUr aUe Zwecke' zu
",
,
"schliessen.'
5. Samtlichen D1x:ektoren, 'leitenden Beamten oder son
stigen Personen, gleichv:iel ob im Amt oder nicht, welche
Volimacht haben,entweder aHein oder gemeinsam mit an
derninnerhaJb der Amerikanischen Zone namens der Bank
Zu ieichnen oder Ve'rpflichtungen eihzugehen, wird ihre Be-:
rechtigung, Handiungen in bezug auf die Bank' oder deren
Vermogen vorzunehmen, entzogen, abgesehen von d~n in,
Art. 6 festgelegten Ausnahmen.
'
6. Diejenigen Beamten und Angestellten der Niederlassun
gen und Filialen der Bank, die von der Militarregierung da
'zu bestimmt werden, zeitweilig noch in ihren Stellungen !!lei
'der' Bank tu verbleiben,' haben alle Sestimmungen der Ge
setze der Militarregierurig zu befolgen, insbesondere das
Gesetz Nr. 52 der MilWirregierung und die Allgemeine An-'
ordnung Nr. 1 zu diesem Gesetz; Daruber hinaus sind sie fUr
die ErfUllung folgender Pfiichten i.reran~wortlich: :
,
a. Sie diirien keinerlel Geschafte irgendwelcher Art im
Namen der Bank durchfUhren.
'~ Sie dUrfen keine Auszahlungen zur Abwicklung dE!l
,Einlagen bei der Bank oder anderer Verbindlichkeiten
der Bank vornehmen.
c" Sie durfen :Zahlungen zum Ausgleich von Forderungen
der Bank von deren Schuldnern entgegennehmen,
d. Sie haben alle Vorkehrungen und erforderlichen Mass
nahmen zu treffen, um die vorhandenen Bestande unc
, Unterlagen sicherzustellen.'
,,'
e: Sie di.irfen' We~tpapiere oder andere fUr Rechriung dei
Kundschaft aufbewanrte Werte nur mit vorheriger Ge
-nehmigung der Militarregierung herausgeben,
f. They, will perina' no access to safe deposit boxes o r f . Bis zum Ergehen weiterer Weisungen di.irfen sie nie
articles left for safekeeping until further instructions
' mand den Zutritt zu den Schrankfachern oder del:
are issued.
'
'Zugang zuVerwahrstticken gestatten.
7. This General Order shall become. effective at 0001 hours,
7. ,Diese Allgemeine Anordnung tritl. am 1. SeptembeJ
1 September 1945.
, 1945 um 0 Uhr 01 in IVaft'.
2." All the property within the United ,States Zone .in '
Germany owned or controlled, directly or indirectly. ,in
whole or in part, ,by, the Bank is hereby specified under
Paragraph 1 (g), of Military Government Law No. 52 to be '
subject to seizure of possession, direction, and control by'
M.ilitary Government.'
,
3. The direction and control" of all branches, offices and
agencies of: the Bank and the possession of alL its property
and assets in the United States Zone are hereby seized by'
the Military Government.
. 4. These "branches, offices and' agencies will close for all
purposes at 001)! hours, 1 September 1945.
'So All directors, management officials and all other persons,
whether office ,holders or not, who "are empowered,' either,
alone Of with others, to bind or sign ,for or on behalf of the
Bank in the United States Zone are 'deprived of all authority
to act with respect to the Bank or its property except" as
specifically authorized in Paragraph 6,
"
"
6. The branch and agency officials and ~mployeesof the
Bank who may be selected by the" Military' Government
authorities to remain temporarily in the employ of ,the Bank
are' charged with observance of all provisions of Military
'Government laws, especially Military Government Law No.
52 and General' Order No. 1 issued thereunder, and in
addition the following responsibilities and duties:
'
,a. They WIll transact no new b~iiness of any' character "
, on behalf of the bank.
' '
b. They will ~ake no "payments in liquidation of d~posit
or other liabilities' of the bank.
' ,
c. They will accept payments'in liquidation of existing·
obligations from the debtors, of the bank.
d. ,They will take all prudent 'and necessary mea~ures to
,safegu~rd existing assets and records.
e, 'They wili make no, deiiveries of securities or other'
assets held in safekeeping for the accout of customers
without first ,obtaining the authorization of the Mil
itary GO'VISrn,ment.
'
'ji
ler, deut-'
nkunter
it Eigen
sung als'
und '
der NS
weniger
l in den
Landern
illsamm
~r halb
nzierung
::len Ar
:ank,der
',rte! und
le Tiitig
der NS
~enannt)
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
MILITARREGIERUNG
FINANZ-ABTEILUNG
Datum, f.Atigust 194:
1 August 1945
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNG
,GENERAL ,LICFNSE NO. '1
Nr.l
(Revised)
. (Revil:Uert)'
Issued Pursuant to 'Military Government Law N(). 52
ErteHt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr.52 der Militiir
regierung
(Sperre und Kontrollevon Vermogen)
(Blocking and Control of Property)
1. A general license is hereby grant,:'!d perrriattmg any
natural person within Germany whose prop£rty is blocked
p~rsuant to Military Government Law ;No. 52 to. make pay
ment, transfer, or v..ithdrawals or to order the payment.
transfer or withdrawal, from all his accounts in financial
institutions of such funds as may be necessary for the actual
liv.i'ng expenses of such natural person and the members of
his hQusehold, prov,jd':'!d that:
.
'a. The total of all such payments, tran"fer, 'withdrawals
or orders therefar, does not exceed RM ,200 in anyone
Calendar month, except that additicmal sums not ex
1.' Jeder natiir1ich'~n Person in' Deutschland, -.deren 'Vcr
mogen auf Grund des Gesetzes 'Nr. 52 der Militarregieruni
gesperrt ist, wird hiermit eine allgemeine Genehmigung ertelll
von allenihren Konten bel finanziellen" Unternehmen Geld
betrage zu zahkm, zu Uberweisen oder abzuheben, ein~'
Auftrag zur Zahlung, 'Cberweisung oder Abhebung zu er
tElilen, insoweit als dies ,fUr ihren tatsachlichen Lebensuntcr
halt und den Leb~hsuntcrhali der Mitglieder ilues Iiaushalte
notwendig ist; jedochnur unter der Voraussctzung, dass:
a. Der 'Gesamtbetrag all2r solchen Zahlungen, 'Oben\··;::i
sun~n, Abhebunge.. oder Auftrage hierzu den BelrJ
von RlVI 200,- im Kalendermonat nicht Ubersteigl. 111:
derMassgabe, dass zusatzliche Betrage von nicht I11ch
33
�...
I
I ·
als RM 50,- pro Person und KaJ.endermonat fUr jedes
weitere :wi.rtschaftlich abhli.ngige Mitglied des Haus
'haltes . der betreftenden Person abgehoben werden
duden,. wobei,der Gesamtbetrag fUr aIle wirtschaftl<ich
abhangigenPersonen ,des Haushaltes abet: RM 100
nicht uberstei:gen dad, so dass sich' gegebenenfal1s ~n
Hoo.hstbetr~g von RlM :300,- fUr, jeden Haushalt und
Kalendermonat ergeben kann;
,
b. Zahllllllgen, U.berweisungen und Abhebungen v~ eine.m
Konto, das im Nam~ri ~n~r, von der Milit~rregierung
verhafteten oder sonstWle· ~Tr Haft befindlichen Person
geftihrt wird, nur an 'MitgHeder des Haushaltes dieser
Person und keineslalls an die. Person se1bst gemacht
werden dtirfen.
,
'
2. Jedes finanzielle Unternehmen, das drgendwelchll Zah.
lun:g , Uberweisu~ oder Abhebung auf Gruna ddeser, allge
m~men Geneht~ugung d~,chfi.ihr,t,hat sich vorher zu verge
wlssern, dass eme derarhge ZWllung, Uberweisung oder Ab,
hebung im E1nklangmit den Vorschtiftenund Bedingung.."'l'l
dieser allgemeinen Genehmigung erfolgt.
'
, 3. Das ,Wort "Haushalf' bedeutet in diesem 'Zusammen
hang die nattirliche Herson u.nd 'alle wirtschaftlich abhan
,Hlgen Ver:vandten. die bei~er nattirlicl1en Person wohnen,
der das Elgentum an &>..m gesperrten Konto odeI' ilieVer
ftigungsg-ewalt frberdasselbe zusteht.
'. '
ceedingnM 50 per person ,per calendar month inlay be
withdrawn for each dependent member of sucb.person's
household, up to a total ofRM 100 for alISu~h de
pendents, making a maximum possible aggregate allow
ance of RM 300 per household per calendar month.
b. Payme'nts, transfers and wi.thdrawals !rom an accOunt
in'tlhe name of a person who has been taken under de
~tion or' other form of custody by Military Govern:
, ment shall be made only ·to· a 'mEmmer of such persgn's
household and under ml' circumstances to'suoh persOn.
j.
2. ANY FINANCIAL INSTITUTION .EFFECTING A.N'Y
PAYlMENT, ,TRANSFER OR WITHDRAWAL PURSUANT
":0 THIS GENERAL LICENSE SHALL SATISFY ITSELF
THAT SUCH PAYMENT, TRANSFER OR WITHDRAWAL
IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS
AND CONDITIONS OF THIS GENERAL LICENSE.
,
3. A!:. used here.i.n, the term· "household" sh:a~ mean aU
dependent relations residing 'with and ~he 'natural person
o~ning or control:1i:ng the blocked account.
1M ~UFTRAGE DER MILITARREGiERUNG
, BY ORDER OF MILITARY 'GOVEl'tNMENT
I\ULITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
MILITXRREGIERUNG
FINA~Z-ABTEILUNG
1 August 1945
, Datum, 1. August 1,945 '
GENERAL LICENSE NO. 2
ALLGEMEINE·,GENEHMIGUNG
NR.2.
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52
Erteiitauf Grund des 'Gesetzes Nr, 52 der .MIlitar
. (Blocking and Control of Property)'
,
~~gierung ,
,
'
. (Sperre und Kontrolle.von v,ermogen)
1. A. general license.is herebygra.nted permitting payment
or .transfers into' accounts in financiSltnstitutions blocked
pursuant to Military Government .J:...aW, No. 52, ,~'roV)ided
that:...,....
l. Efne allgemeine Gene,hmigung zur Vornahme von
lungen und' OberWeisung.en ~ufKonten in deutschen finan
ziellen Unternehme~,die'auf Gtund des G~setze~Nr. 52 der
Militarregiel'ung ge:;perrt . sind, wird hiiermit erteilt und
.
:
.. '
zwar, unter der Voraussetzu:l!g.dass:
a> Such transactions are not prdhibited by anY-law other
tlhan Military Government Law No. 52;
"
b. Such payment or transfer shall not be, made by or on
behalf of or 'from ,the property 01 any Pzrson whose'
property is blacked, except that a perron whose prop
erty ~s blocked may deposit in his, account in,4' finan·
cial in~titution property held by him outside a financial
institution;
c. This license shall not be deemed to authorize any pay
ment or transfer to any blocked account other tlhan that
of t.heperson who is the ultimate beneficiary of such
payment or tr':ln$r.
a. Derartige Geschatte ledjgl1ch durch das ~tz Nr. 52
der Miiitarregierungf.i.ir ver,boten erklart sind't
,
,
,
_
b. Eine solche Zahlung <X;I.er U:b~rwe1surig nicht von Older
fur Rechnung von oderaus dem Verm:ogen einer Per
son' gemach~ Wird, deren Vermogen gesperrt ist, es sei
denn, ,dass eine Person, deren Vermog',m gesperrt ist,
ihr Vermogen, welches si(!h ausserhalb'eines finanZliellen
Unternehmens befindet. :.a,ui. ihrem Konta bel einem
finanziellen. Unterriehmen hinterlegen darf;
c. Diese G<!nehmigungrpichtzur Vorn:ahme'von Zahlungen
oder Oberweisungen zugunsten eines gesperrten Kontos
berechtJgt. es sei doon, dass die Zahlung zugunsten des
gesperrten Kontos des ·endgtiltig Berechtigten er!olgt.
2. This I1cense may not be employed to authorize or make
any payment or trans.fer compt'lising part of a transaction
which cannot be eHected without the issuance 01 another
lice.nre.
2. Auf Gruna dieser Genehmigung durfen Zahlungen odoer
Uberweisungen, die zu einem Geschaft gehorcn. fUr 'das eine
weitere Genehmig'ung erforderLich Qst, nicht ausgeitihrt
werden.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILI'I'ARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
!)A
.,;.
�MILITARY GOVERNMENT
:!IS
werden .
'
lchaft1d~,
.
'egierung
n Person
es dieSer .
gemaclit
::he Zah.·
er allge~.
:u verge-.
xler Ab~
in~.
.
abhan..;
wo1)nen, .
die Ver-
sammen~
1
RUNG
DahuD, 1. August 194;
1 AVJD8t.l945
~.r
on~en
JriJ:J..r.l'XlUtEGlERlJNG'
FlNANZ-ABTEILlJNG
FINANCE, SECTION
, GENERAL ·LICENSE
NQ.3
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNG
NR. 3
Issue'd Pursuimt to Military Gove:mment Law No. 52.
(Blocking and' Control of Property)
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militir
regierung
,
A general license ts hereby granted permitting any Kreis'
or l,'dunlcipality to engage in aU transaction~ within Germany
ordinarily incidental, to its normal operations,provld,ed that
such transactions are not prOhibited by any law other than
Military Government Law No. 52 and. ,that such Kreis or
.
.
Municipality, shall not engage in" any extraordinary trans- .'
action which, directly or indirectly, substantially diminishes
or imperils 'the assets of such Kreis or Municipality or
th'
j di
fl
0, , erwlSe. pre u 'cially affects its
nancil'll position.
Jedem Kreis oderJeder Gemeinde Wird tiiermit die Ge
nehniigung erteilt; aile Rechtsgeschiifte innerhalb Deuts~h"
lands vorzunerunen, die fUr gewohnUch zu ihrem normaler
AuJlgabenkreis gehOren, -vorausgesetzt, dass diese Gescluifh
lediglich' durch das Gesetz, Nr. 52 der MiliUirregierung f(il
verboten erkliirtsind, und dass der betreffende Kreis ode)
die Gemeinde keine aiJsserordentlichen Geschiifte vornimmt
die direkt. oder' indirekt das Vermogen des betreffender
Kreises oder der Gemeinde wesentlich v,erringern, gefahrder
oder in anderer Beziehung' Nachteile filrihre ftnanzielh
Lage zur Folgehaben.
.
.
(Sperre und Kontrolle .von Vermogen)·
BY ORDER OF. MILITARY GOVERNMENr'
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MlLrrlUtREGIERtrNG'
FINANZ-ABTElLlJNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
Datum. 1: 4ugust ·194
1 AuguSI 1945'
ALLGEMEINE' GENEHMIGUNC
\
NR.4
OENERAL LICENSE
NO.4
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52
,
. (Blocking and Control of Property)
A general license is hereby granted permitting intra- and
inter-bank transfers of cr~dit from an account blocked pur
suant to Military Government Law Nv. 52,
'on Zah
!n flnan-·
r. 52 der
illt, und
'z Nr. 52 '
.
:,
.
Ion Older
Cler. Per";
it, es sei ,
lerrt ist,
ulzdeilen .
~ einem·
a. to. the account of the German Reich ·or any Lander,
Provinzen, Stadtkreise, Gemeinden,Landkreise,' or
. other goverm'nehtal sub-division or agency in payment
of matured taxes, duties,. fees and similar items,' or
b. in payment of matw:ed premiums for social insurance.
BY ORDER OF MILITAnY GOVERNMENT
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der MUitiir
regierung
(Sperre und KontroUe von Vermogen) ,
.. Eine allgemeine Genehffiigung wird hlermit' erooilt fii
Oberweisungen im Verkehr innerhalb oder: zwischen Kredii
instit'llten von Konten, ,die auf Grund des Qesetzes Nr. ~
der Militarregierung gesperrt sind:
. a. auf Konten des DeutSchen Reichs oder de'r Lande
Provinzen, Sfadtkreise, Gemeinden, .Landkreise ode
anderer Regierungsunterabteilungen odeI' Amtsstelle
zum Zwecke der Zahlung von fiUligen Steuern. Zo
len, Gebtihren und lihnlichen .Posten, oder
,
b. Zum Zwecke der Zahlung von falligen Sozialversich!
rungspriimien.·
,.
"1M AUFTRAGE, DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILITXRREGIERlJNG '
FINANZ-ABTEILVNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT .
FINANCE SECTION
1 August 1945
Da.tum,l. August 19·
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNC
NR.5
.GENERAL LICENSE
NO.5
Issued PUrsuant to Military Government Law N~. 52
'(Blocking and Control. of Property)'
.
.
.
Erte'itt auf Grund des Geselzes Nr. 52 der Militiir
. regierung
(Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen)
,
lhlungen
Kontos
sten des
erfolgt...
t
:e:
gen odoar
~UNG
'A general license is hereby ,granted permitting any iJnstr
tution with:1nGennany dedicated to public worship to"
.
.
engage -in all transactions ordinarHy inCidental to' its normal
actiVities but otherwise prohi·bHed by Military Government
Law No. 52, provided that:
a. Such transactions are not prohibited by any Law other
than !Military Goverrim:entLciw No. 52,
b. ThiS license shal'l not authQrize any transaction by or
an behalf ·of any agency, organization, person or other
entay' mentioned in General Order. No.1. .
Jeder Anstalt innerhaib' Deutschlands," die dem Oif.el
lichen Gottesdienst zu dienen bestimmt ist, :v."ird h~ermit ei
allgemeine Gimehmigung .ertcilt, aUe Rechtsgeschafte ,VOrl
nehmen, die zu ihrem n<1I"I'Qalen Aufgabenkreis gehoren Ul
durch Gesetz Nr. 52 del' Militarregierung fUr verboten E
klart sind, mdt der Massgabe,dass:
',.
a. Diese GeschiHte led1glich durch Gesetz Nr. 52 (
Militarregierung fUr 'verboten erklart sind; "
.b. Diese Genoahmigung keine Ermachtigung zur.Ausubu
Von 'Rechtsgeschiiften einerAmtsstelle, eines Unt(
nehmens, einer Person oder einer anderen, in der A
gemelnen Vorschrift Nr. 1 erwahntenOrga.ndsatlon 0(
in deren' Auftrag darstel1t;
35'
�2. Wherever reference is made in any
diesen Proklamationen, Gesetzen;
tions. La~s, Ordliriances: Notices and Orders of the MilUary
Verordnungen, Bekanntmachungen und VerI.tigungen der
Militiirregierung auf Regierungen oder Vertreter einer' der
Governmoalt to governments or representatives of any of tl1e
Vereirn.igten Nationen :bedeutet, vorbehaltlkh einer ab
'United Nations, such references shall, in the absenee of
weichenden Bestirnmung" Staats- oder sonstige Behorden
indication to, the contrary, mean national or other auth'orities oder Vertre,ter dieser Nationen, vorausgesetzt; dass sie van
' .
. . ' .
ar 1946 or representatives .thereof dealt with as such by the Theater , dem Befehlshaber cler amerikanischen Streitkriifte dn Europa
octer der Regierung der Vereinigtren Staaten als solche
Commander or the government of the United States.
anerkanntsind.
,
;,
3. ,Dieses abgeanderte Gesetz tritt mit seiner VerkiindW1g
3. This 'amended Law shall be Effective upon promulgation.
in Kraft.
, BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
Approved: 29 July 1946.
~te
'rokla
:n und
deutet.
tionen. '
Tanuar
,len in
1M AUFTRAGE DER MIL1TARREGIERUNG
Bestatigt: 29. Juli 1946.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT -,GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE.
MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISClIE ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NR. 1"
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR. 1
Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
Blocking and Con trol of Property'
GemiiB Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militiirregierung; .
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen
SUPPLEMENT No. 1
. ERGXNZUNG Nr, 1
1. Tn Ausftihrl,lng des Gesetzes Nr: 52 Par. 1 (g) der MW
1. Pursuant to paragr,aph 1 (g) of MH1tary Govermnent
tiirregierung wird hlermit die Deutsche KI'liegsversicherungs
Law No. 52, thE Deutsche Kriegsversicherungsgemeinsehaft
gemeinsc.haitals
is hereby specified as subject to the provisions of: said law. warf·m bezeichnet.den Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes un ter
2. The operations of the Deutsche Kriegsversicherungs~.
'2. Der Betrieb der peutschen. Kriegsversicherungsgemein
gemeinschaft are hereby 'declared suspended by Military
schaJlt wird hiermit von der Militarreg.ierung fUr zeitweilrig
aufgehoben erklart; auf Grund der allgemeinen Vorschriit
Government and by virtue of Article I, General.brder No. I,
Nr. I, Art. 1 sind somit die Bestimmungen des Artikels4
'the proVisions of Article IV, paragraph 6, lMilitary Govern
Militarregierung
:nent Law' 52 are no longer applical)le, except as hereinafter Par. 6 des Gesetzl2s·,Nr. 52 dermehr anwendbar. mit den <:~
nachioigendenAusnahmennicht
provdded.
. 3. Die VerlUgW1g 'tiber Vermogenswerte oder Vel'mogens
3, The dispo~al of property or interests in property owned
interessen im Eigentum oder un~er Kontrolle der Deutschen
or contrQlled by the Deutsche Kl1iegsversicherungsgemein
. Kriegsversicherungsgemeinschaft . zur, volligen od'8r teil
weisen Erftillung eines gerichtlichen Urteils oder eines
schaft, whether ta satisfy, in whole or in part, an informal
auBer.vertraglichen oder anderweitig.:m Anspruchs gilt als
claim, a judgment of a court of law, or· otherwise, '2xcept
erhebliche Minderung octer Gefiihrdung der Werte der be
for the purpo.se of defraying costs of admindS'tration to include
sagten Gemeinschalt lim Sinne des Par. 6 (a) des Gesetzes
damage and e1alim dnvestigations and such ·other ~xPenses, Nr. 52 del' MHitarregierung; ausgenommen sind Venftigung.::m
7.um Zwecke der Begleichung von Verwaltungsunkosten, ein
a~ are necessary to maintaJn and complete accurate records
schlieBlich . Kosten fill' Un1erSljohungenvon Schiiden und
of assets, li3Jbi\i.ties, and other relative data, shall be deemed
Ansprtichen und salcher Kosten, die zur Ftihrung und Ver
sub~tan1.iaUy t~ diminish or jmpel1il the assets of said vollstandigun.g genauel' Aufstellungen del' Werte :und Ver
company wilthin, the mooning of paragraph 6 (a), ctf MiLi,bary
pHjctJJtungen oder anderer ,erheblicher Daten el'forderl~ch
sind.
.
Government Law No. 52.
. 4. Alle Klagengegen die Deutsche KriegsversicherW1gs
4. All suits against the Deutsche Kriegsversicher,W1gs
gemeinschaft, die vor deutschen. Gertichten auf Grund von
gemeinsohait 'lin German courts based on iD:s~'r~ce. or
Veisicherungs- octer Riickversicherungsanspriichen zum
rcinsurancec1aims and !brought for ,the purpose of securing Zweckeper ErlangW1g odeI' Vollstreckung von Urteilen
or emorcing a judgment shall be' abat~.
schweben; werd8n ais erledigt erkUirt.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
Approved: 22 June 1946.
MILITARY 'GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NO. 1
Pursua~t to Miiitary Government Law No. 52;
Blocking and Control of Property
SUPPLEMENT, No.2'
1. Pursuant to Article I, paragraph 1 (g) of Military Gov
ernment Law.No. 52, the following persons ate declared to
constitute a category of '''persons specified by Military
Government by inclusion in lists or obherwise," and are
therefore subject to the provisions of said law:
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG.
BesUitigt: ,22;. Juni 1946.
'MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
.AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
ALLGEMEINE A,NORDNUNG NIt 1
GemaB Gesetz Nr, 52 der,Militiirregierung;
Sperre und Koritrolle von Vermogen
ERGXNZUNGNr. '2
1. In Ausfiihrung des Gesetzes Nr. 52 Artikel lAbs. 1 (g)
del' MiliUirregierung werden hiermit folgende Personen zu
'der Gruppe solcher Personen gehorig erklart, "die von «jer
'MiliUirregierung durch VerOffentlichung in Listen oder auf,
andere Weise bezeichnet" und damit den Bestimmungen des
genannten Gesetzes unterworfen sind:
,I
:1
'I
,!
,
f'
.I
I
�, "
.'
I
' I'
•
purclliase', sale .or
transfer of title. of real property.
'd. Such ~stitutionshaii not engage ,,in any transaction
which 'directly or indirectly substantially' diminishes or
imperils the 'assets cif such 'institution or'otherwise prejudicially affects such assets.'
':,"
,.
.
.
..'.
BY ORDER OF 'MILITARY ,GOVERNMENT
.
. c. Diese Genehmligung nichtzu.rn Kauf, Verkauf ooer son
'stiger' Verfiigungiiber GrundbeSitz ermachtigt;,
d. Eine' solche Anstalt keine Geschafte betreiben 'darf, die
, direkt oder indirekt das, Vermogen der betreffenden
AnstaIt wesentlich verringern, gefahrden, Oder ander
, ',weitige Nachteile fUr dhr Yermogen zur, Folge hilben;
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
i'\"
•
MILlTXRREGIERUNG·
FINANZ-ABTEILUNG
,MILITARY, (}OVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION .
Datum, 25. April 1946
'25 Aprll i946
GENE.'RAL,LICENSE
NO.6
.
",' ALLGEMEINEGENEHMIGUNG
NIt 6 "',
,.
.
.
Issued Pursuant to-Military Government Law No. , 52
,
. .
(Blocking and Control. of Property) .
,
'
'I
" '
•
,
'~4)~3
\~C\ ~ ~~~~" A
c. ,Thtis license shall not autliorize the
j
ErteHt ai:'{Grund des, Gesetzes Nr., 52 der Milidir'
~egierung
'"
(Sperre undKontrolle von Veriniigen) ,
L A ~n,=ral license is hereby: granted unblocking prop-I,!. Hietmit'wird eine allgemeine Genehmigung erteilt, Ver
',erty 'in Germany which is oWfllcd wpolly. by. Unit~d Nations mogen' in Deutschland freizugeben,' welches alleiniges Eigen- .
nation~ls wh. (j are residing .in Germany, provided th'at the I tum von Angehorigen der 'vereinten Nationen mit Wohnsitz
.
,
in Deutschland ist, vorausgesetzt, dass das Vermogen dieser
property of such persons is blocked solely by reason of the
Personen ausschliesslicn aU:f Grund des, Artikels I, Paragraph
operation,of A ':ticle I,paragraph 1, (b) of Military Govern-" 1. (b) des Gesetzes"Nr:' 52 der l'vIilitarregierung gesperrt
ment Law No. 52.
"
.
, wtirde..· . .' ' , '
....,
. '"
, .'
.
2. This ge~eral license shall not he' deemed, to authorize'
2. Diese allgemeine'.Genehmigung ist nichf als Genehmi~
, gung furGeschafteirgendwelcher Art, die 'auf Grund des
any transaction prohibited 9Y 'Militar,y Government Law
Gesetzes Nr. 53 'derMil'ita.rregierung verboten sind, amuN 53
sehen.
"
,
.
.
.
I
BY ORDER OF MILITARY
' 0..
GOVERNM_E_N_T~--;-~--;-___~_''_l_M_A_U:--F_T_R_A_'..;..G...,.E_PER MILI'I'ARREG IERUNG
MILITARYGQYERN}\fENT- GERMANY
,SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREA OF CONTROL
LAW NO. 53:
,F~reign 'Ex~han~eControl
1;
e
p
n
,
MILlTXRREGI'ERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND,' .
KC)NTROLL-GEBIET DES.OBERSTEN BEFEHLSH;ABERS
·GESETZNIt 53
,Devisenoewirtschaftung
,
'
'
,ARTICLE I
i,. ,
;,
Prohibit~d Tran;aCtions,"\
. AI,tTII{EL I '
.. Verbot'eneGescblifte·
,
.
1.. Except' as duly licensed by or on instructions of Mil-,
L Vorbehaltlicheiner von der Milita'rregierimg' ordn~ngs
" itary Government, any transaction involving or with respect ,massig erteilten Genehmigung oder einer von dieser er
lassenen Anweisung, sind' .alle Gescha.fte verboten, welchc
tqany of, the following is 'prohibited:
.
Zum Gegenstande haben 'octer sich' beiiehenauf: . . .
(a) Any .foreign' exehange assets owned or controlled
. (al Devisenwerte,:, die unmittelbaroder mHtelbar, ganz
directly or indirectly,: in ,whole or in part, by any
"
oder' teilweise im Eigentum oder unter der kon
person in GERMANY;
"
,
, trolle von PerSOl:1en in Deutschland stehen;
(b) Any property ,located in GERMANY owned cit:
(b) 'Vermogen, welches sieh innerhalb Deutschlands be;
controlled dIrectly or indirectly;' in whole or in
,
findet ,und unmitteibar,oder mittelbar, ganz odeI'
part, 'by any perspn outside 'GERMANY.
; ,.' teilweise im.Eigentumoder unter Kontrolle von
,Personen aussethalb Deutschlands st~ht. ' '
I
2. Any tran!1action with respect t9 or involving any' of
~.' yorbehaltlich einer vQn der Militarregierung ordnungs- '.
. the following is also prohibited, except as duly HC,ensed by , massig erteiltenGenehmigling oder einer von dieser erlasse-.
nen . Anweisung, sind' gleiehfalls alle Geschafte verboten,
oron instructions "of Military Goyerl1ment:
welche zum Gege!,\stande, haben oder sich beziehen auf:
(a)Vermogen, gleichgiiltig woo es sich beflndet, voraus c
(a) Property' wherever situated if the transaction is"
gesetzt, qass das ~eschaft zwischen Personen inner
between or invol'ves a~y person in GERMANY and
halb 'Deu tschlands und,. Personen , ausserhalb
any person outsjde GERMANY;
, Deutschlands abgeschiossen ist, oder sich auf solche
.
,
, . '
,Personen bezieht;"
."
,
,
.
'(b)- Any obligation of payment or'performance, wh_ther
. " (b) ei,ne Verpflichtung"zu einer Zahlung oder LeistUlig.
matured or 'not, dueo~ owing to any person' out.:
, . dIe von emer Person in Deu'tschiand einer Pcrson
'side GERMANY by any person il1 GERMANY;
atlsscrhalb o.cutschIa~ds .geschuldet wlrd,.gleich
gulhg ,ob ·dle.Verpflichtung fa.llig ist oder nicht;
(cl Th~ importing or otherwise bringing into GER-.
(c) die Einf';lhroder ande'rweitige Einbringung .nach
MANY of any foreign exchange assets, German'
Deutsc~land von 'Devisenwerten, 'deutschen Zah
currency, or securities issued bv 'persons inGER
lungsm!tteln oder von Wertpapieren. die von per
MANY and expressed or payable in German cur
sonen ,mnerh.alb '~eutschlands ausgegeben und in,
rency;
deutscherWahrung ausgedrtickt oder zahlbar sind; .
(d) The exporting, remitting, or other removal of any
(d) di~ Ausfuhr, Ve'rsenciung oder anderweitige'Vcr
property iromGERMANY.
bnngung von Vermogen aus Deutschland.
r,
.tl .•'
d
P
d
U'
h
".
II:
(t
."U
':\...
�" 3. All existing' licenses and exemptions issued by any
German AuthOrity authorizing any of the aforesaid trans- '
actions are cancelled.
oc:fer
gt;
,dart,
3. Aile, von deutschen' Behorden erteilten Genehmigungei
und ,Freistellungen, die eines der vorbezeichneten Geschaft
zulassen, sind hiennit aufgehoben.
ARTICLE D,
Artlkel D
treffendet\ "
~~1
ander~&,
E
-\
.t
, Aiuneldung von Vermogen und VerpBlchtungen
Declaration of Property and Obligations
.'
4. (a) Within 'thirtY (30) days of the effective date' of this
law, unless otherwise ordered, any person owning
Weise Eigentum oder Kontrolle von Devisenwertel
zusteht, oder wer zur Zahlung oder Leistung al
eine Person ausserhalb Deutschlands verpfiichte
ist, glefchgultig ob die Verpflichtung fliillig ist ode,
. nicht, hat solchen Devisenwert oder solche Ver'
pfiichturig, soweitnichts abweichendes vorgeschrie,
ben ist,innerhalb von dreissig (30) Tagen nach den
Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes bei der nachstel
Reichsbankstelle oder bei der sonst vonder Militar'
regierung bestirnrnten Stelle schriftUch in der VOl
der Militarregierung vorzuschreibenden Art un<
Weise anzurnelden.
(b) :Jede Pers~n, auf welche dieses Gesetz anwendbal
, ist, hat zusatzliche Meldungen, soweit solche ver
langt werden, iu dem ZeUpunkt und in der Weise
die die 1ItIiUtarregierung vorschreiben' wird, einzu
retchen.
or controlling directly or indirectly, in whole or in
part, any foreign exchange asset, or owing any ob
ligation of, payment or performance, whether ma
tured or not, to a perSon outside GERMANY, shall
file with the nearest ,branch of the Reichsbank, or
other institution designated' by Military (Jovem
ment, a written declaration of such asset or obli
gation in such fonn and maimer as' will be pre
, scribed by Military Government.
'
\prll1946
liNG
Wilitiir.
(b) When, and as directed by Military Government,
eilt, Ver;
~s Eigen.'
Wohnsitz
~n dieser
aragraph
gesperrt
~enehmi
'~und
des
d, anzuRUNG'
fABERS
any person affected by this law shall' file such
other reports, as may be required.
'
ARTlCLE'm
Deiivery of Property,
5. Within fifteen (IS) days of th~ effeCtive date of th!is
law; all afthe following classes of ,property shall be deliv
ered, against receipt therefor, by the owner, holder, or other
, person ill pOsseSsioni custody or Control thereof,to the
nearest b,ranah of the Reichsbank, or as otherwrise, directed:
ARTIKEL m
Ablleterung von Vermogen
S. Wer die folgenden Arten von Vermogen rus· Eigentiimel
oder Inhaber hiilt oder sonst besitzt, verwaltet oder kon
trolliert, hat ddese innevhalb von fiinfzehn (l5) Tagen nach
dem 1nkI:afttreten dieses G-asetZes gegen Ernpmngsbestatli
gung bei der nachste'n Raiohsbankstelle oder in anderer noch
zu Hestimrnender Weise abzuliefern:
(a) Currency other than German" currency;
(a) '·sainWch&.Zahlungsmittel mit AUsnahme deutscher;
(b) Schecks,Anweisungen, Wechsel und andere Zahlungen
(b) Checks, drafts, bills af exchange' and other instru
verbr<iefende Urkunden, welche auf Personen ausser
ments of payment dmwn' on or !issued by persons
halb Deutsohlands gezogen oder vonsolchen Personen
outside GERMANY;
ausgesten.t sind;
(c) Securities 'and other evidences of ownership or lin,
(c) Wertp~'piere und andere dem Naohweis von Eigentum
,deb~edness issued by: .
'
od«!r: \!,erschuldung ddenende Urkunden, welche aus"
gestellt sind von:
.
(I) Persons outside GERMANY; or,
,(I) Personen ausserha~b DeutsdManiis oder '
(II) Persons in GERMANY if expressed in' a cur
(II) Personen ,innerhatb Deutschlands, falls die Ur
'OOIlcy other tlhQ11 German currency;·
,kunde in ndOhtdeutscher Wi:ihrung ausgedriickt ist;
(d) ,Gold- oder Silbemiiinzen, Gold-, Silber- oder Platin
(d) Gold'or :;rijver coin; gold, silver or .pl3.1lin~ bul
barrenoder Legqerungen davon in Barrenfcmn.
Honor aJJ.oys tlJ:iereof' lin bullion fonn:
6. 'Wem unmIittelbar oeier mittelbar,' ganz oder teilwei~e
6. Any person owning or controlling directly or tIidirectly,
Elgenfum 'oder . Kon<t:roLl.e von' Devisenwertenanderer Art
in whole. or in part, any other type of foreiogn exchange asset,
zusteht, hat Quf Anwe:isung der Militarregierung den Besitz,
shall, when ordered by Military Government, delQ:VIar, against
dle Verwahrung oder dje Kontrolle dieser Werte gegen
receip~, therpossession, custody or control of.such,a<sset to
Empfangsbesti:itt.gun.g an die nachste Reiahsbankstelle oder
the Dearest branch oithe Re!icl1sbank, or as otherwise·
in, anderer nooh zu bestrlmmender Weise zu iibertragen.
directed..
'
7. Vennogen der in dlesem· Arbikel· bezeichneten Art,
7.' AiIly property referred to in tlhis Article whdch hereafter
welcheS nach " dem Inkrafttreten dies(!s Gesetzes in den
comes into the, pOssession, ownershdp or control af any'
Besitz, da~ Eigenturnoder·unter die' Kontrolle einer diesem
·p..."rSOtl ,subject to Ws law, shall, withrln 3 days thereof, be
Gesetz unterwotienen Person gelangt, ist innerhalb VQll drel
delivered by sUch person lin the, same manner
provided
Tagen nach, Erwerb durch diese PersOn ,in der'gleicllen, in
diegem Artlikel vorgesehenen Weise abzuliefern.
tit t:hls Article~
' .
ARTICLE IV
ARTIKEL IV
•
Applioations tor Licenses
Antrlke auf Ertellung v'on Genehmlgungen
8. Appliications for licenser. to engag,ein tNlllsactions pro
8. Antri:ig~ auf Erteilung von Genehmigungen' zur Vor
nahme Von Geschaf.ten wekhe durch' dieres Gesetz verooren
,hibited by thds law, or any request in' relJiticm to· llhe
sind, so\Vlie. GeSuche j~1ioher Art, welclle sich auf die An
operation of this law, shall be submitted in accordance Wlith
wendung dieses Gesetzes be2liehen, sind riach 'Massgabe der
such' regulations as maybe isSued at a future dat~. by
von der Militarregderung nooh 2lU erlassendem BestIimmun·gen
Military Government.
einzureichen.
.
.ARTICLE v·
ARTlH;,EL V
Nichtigkeit von Gesebiften
Void Transactions
9. Nichtig' und unwirksam sind Gesahafte,' die in Ver
9. Any ,transfer effuctedin Vliolation of this law aild any'
agreement or arrangement made, whether before or after the
letzung dieses Ge.setzes' vorgeriommen werden, ferner
Ubertragungen, Vertrage oder Vereinbarungen, welche vor
effective date of thds' law, with 'interit to defeat or evade
oder nach dem Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes in der Absieilt
this law or the objectsaf MilJitary Government, is nUll'and
abgeschlossen werden" dieses Gesetz ,oder Aufgaben der
Militiirreglerung, zu vereiteln oder zu umgehen.
void. '.
•
dnungs
~ser er
welche
ar, gam
~r Kon
,nds be- '
oder
,lle von
:lZ
Inungs
erlasse- ,
!rboten,
luf:
voraus
, inn'er
serhalb
~ solche
!istung,
Person
gleich
nicht;
~ nach
I Zah
n Per
'~n• •
4. (a) Wem unniittelbar oaer mittelbar, ganz oder teil
as'
37
�AR.TICLE VI "
.ConfUdlDr Law
10. In case of any inconsistency between this law or any
or~r made under tit and any German lawi" the former
prevails.
ART1KEL VB
ARTICLE va
Begrltfsbestimmungen
Definitions
11. FUr die AnwendungdlesesGesetzes gelten die fol
11. For the purposes of this law:'
(a) "Person" shall mean any natural person; collective
persons ~nd any juristic person under publ,1c or
private law, and any government induding all
political sub:'divisions, public corporations, agen
cies and instrUmentalities thereof;
,
(b) "Transaction" shall mean acquiring, importing,
borrowing or receiving with or without ronsidera
tion; remitting, selling, leasing, transferring, ,re
moving, exporting, hypothecating, pledging or,
otherwise disposing of; paying, ,repaying, lendirig.
guaranteeing ,or otherwIse dealing in any property
mentioned in this law;
,
(c) "Property" shall mean all movable and immovable'
property and all rights and Interests in or claims
to such property whether present
futtire,and
shall include, but shall not b,e limited to, land and
buildings, money, stocks, shares,' patent' rights' or
licenses thereunder, or other evid~nces .of owner
ship, and bonds; bank balances, claiins, obligations
and' other evidences. of indebtedness, and works
of art and other cultural m~terlalsi
or
(d) ",Foreign Exehange Asset" shall be deemed to, in
~~:
(I) Any property located outside GERMANY.
(II) CurrenCy other than German currency;'bank
balances outside GERMANY; and checks,
drafts, bills of exchange ,and other \instru
,ments of, payment drawn on or issued by'
persons outside GERMANY; .
(iII) Claims and any evidence thereof ow~ed 'or
held by:
a.. Any person in GERMANY against 'a per
son outside GER~NY whether expressed.
in German or otner currencies;
,
'
b: Any person in GERMANY against ,any
other person in GERMAN.Y if. expressed
in a _currency other than German cur
rency;
c. Any person', outside GERMANY against
another person outside GERMANY in
which claim a person in GERl'4ANY has
any' interest;
(IV) Any securitiess -and other evidences of owner_
ship or indebtedness issued by. persons ,out
side ,GERMANY, and securities issued by
persOns in GERMANY if expressed or pay
able' in a currency ,other than German
currency;
'-...
(V) Gold
ARTIKEL VI
GesetzeswlderSprilche
10. 1m' Faile eines Widerspruchs zwischen d1esem Gesetz
oder einer auf' Grund desse~ben erlassenen Anordnung und
•deutschemRecht geht das erstere vor. ,
or silver coin, or gold, silver or platinum
bullion or alloys thereof in bullion 'form.
no matter where located;
genden Begriffsbestimmungen:
(a) ''Person'' bedeutet jede natiirliche, Person, Cesamt.
handgemeinschaft und· juristische Person des
offentlichen oder privaten Rechts; ferner eine Re
gierung einschlieBlich staatiicher oder kommunaler
Verwaltungen, . Korperschatten des offenUichen
Rechts, deren Dienststellen und Organe;
(b) '''Geschiift'' bedeutet Erwerb, Einfuhr, Leihe und
EmpfangnahmEt von' Leistungen, gegen oder ohne
Entgelt. ferner Versendung. Verkauf., Vermietung,
Verpachtung. 'Obertragung, Verbringung, Ausfuhr.
Belastung, Verpfiindung und jede anderweitige
Verfiigung; ,Zahlung, Rtlckzahlung,' Verleihung.
'Obernahme von Garantien u'nd, jede andere Vor
nahme von _Geschiiften tlber Vermogim, das in
diesem, Gesetz erwahnt 1st;
.
(c) "Vermogen'" bedeutet jede.s be~eg1iche und un
. bewegliche Vermogensowie a~le Rechte und Inter
essen ·oder . AnsprUche auf solches Vermogen.
gleichgtlltig ob diese fililig sirid oder nicht. Es
schlieBtein, ist aber nicht beschriinkt auf:
GrundstUcke und Gebaude, -Geld, Beteiligungen,
'Aktien, Patente, Gebrauchsmuster oder Lizenzen
filr deren AusUbung' und, andere Urkunden zum
Nachweis von Eigentum;'Schuldverschreibungen,
Bankguthaben, Ansprtlche, Verbindlichkeiten, an
dere Urkunden zum Nachweis von Verbindlich
keiten, sowie Kunstbesitz und andere Kulturgegen
stiinde;:
.
Cd) "Devisenwert" bedeutet:
(I) AuBerhalb ,Deutschlands befinsUiches Ver
mogm;
,
(II) Zahlung~mittel, mit Ausnahme deutscher
Bankguthaben
auBerhalb
Zahlungsmittel;
Deutschlands, und Schecks, Anweisungel').,
Wechsel und andere Zahlungen verbriefende
Urkunden, welche auf Personen - auBerhalb
Deutschlarids gezogen oder von sol chen Per
sonen ausgestellt sind;
(III) Anspriiche und Urkunden zum Nachweis der
artigeI: Ansprtlche, vorausgesetzt, daB:
a. der Inhaber oder 'Sonstige, Berechtigte eine
Person innerhalb Deutschlands und der
Anspruchsverpflichtete eine Person auBer
,halb Deutschlands 1st, gleichgtlltig ~b der
Anspruch in. deutscher oder in irgendeiner
anderen ,Wiihrung ausgedrticltt ist;
b. der Inhaber oder sonstige Berechtigte und
der Anspruchsverpflichtete Pel'sonen in
nerhalb Deutschlands' sirid und der An
spruch in nichtdeutscher Wiihrung aus
gedriickt ist;
,
c. der Inhaber oder sonstige· Ber.echtigte
itnd der Ansprucnsverpflichtete Person en
auBerhalb 'Deutschlands' sind und eine
Person innerhalb Deutschlands an dem
Anspruch in irgendeiner' Weise beteiligt
tst;
(IV) Wertpapier und andere Urkunden zum Be
weis von Eigentum und Verpflichtung en .
welche von Personen auBerhalb Deutschlands
ausgestellt sind, und Wertpapiere, welche von
. Personen' innerhalb Deutschlands 'ausgestell t
sino, vorausgesetzt.' daB' sie in nichtdeutscher
Wiihrung ausgedrtlckt oder. zahlbar sind;
(V) Gold- oder Silbermiinzen, Gold-, Silber- o,d er
Platinbarren oder Legierungen in Barren
form, gleichgiiltig wo befindl1chi
.
"
~
'"
�(VI) Such other property as is determined by
Military Governinent to be a foreign ex
'change asset;'
'
n Gese~
,ung un~ "
'.:~
die folCcsamL
son des
cine Re
Imunaler
mtlichen
?ihe und
ler ohne
mietung,
Ausfuhr,
~rweitige
, rleihung,
:re Vor
das in
und un
Id Inter
~rmogen,
cht. Es
lkt auf:
.igungen,
Lizenz€m
jen zum
'ibungim,
ten, an
>indlich
, .1rgegen
(VI) ,solches
andere Vermogen. das durch di
Militiirregierung zu einem Devisenwert el
kliirt ' wird,
(e) Fur die Zwecke del' Anwendung dieses' Gesetz{ ,
kann eine juristische Person in einem oder mel
reren der' folgenden Lander sein:'
(a) in dem Lande, durch derenGesetze odeI' unt.
deren Herrschaff die juristische Person en
standen ist,
'
(b) 5n dem Lande oder in den Landern, in welche
oder 'in welchen die juristische Person ih·
geschaftliche Niedel'lassung hat, oder
(c) in dem Lande oder in dim Landern, in welche;
oder in welchen die juristische Person g.
schiiftlich ta tig ist, ,
(f) V~rmogen gilt als "im Eigentum oder Uliter KOI '
trolle", einer Person, wenft, es im Namen oder fi
Rechnug oder zugunsten dieser Person gehalt(
wird odeI' wenn es der Person oder deren Beau
tragten' odeI' Agenten geschuldet wiI'd uder wer
eine soIche Person berechtigt odeI" verpflichtet i!
solches Vermogen zu kaufen, zu empfangen od,
:au erwerben.
'
(g) '''Deutschland'' 'bedeutet das Gebiet des ..Deu
schen Reiches", wie es am 31. Dezember 1937 b,
standen hat.
, ARTIKEL VIII
(e) A juristic person 'may, for the purpose of the en
forcement of the provisions of this law" be deemed
to be, in anyone or more of the following coun
tries:
, ' ,
'
(a) that country by, or ,under 'Whose laws it is
created,
(b) that or'those in which it has a principal place
of bUSiness, or,
(c) that or those in which
i~
carries on business.,
'(f) Property shall be deemed to be "owned" or "con
trolled" by any pe~son if such property is held in
his' name ,or for his accounf or benefit, orow~d,
to him or to his nominee or agent, or if such ,per
son has a right or obligation' to p~chase, receive
, or acquire sueh property;
,
(g) The term "GERMANY" shall mean the area con
, stituting' "Das ,,Deutsche Reich'" as it existed OD
31 December 1937,
ARTICLE VIII
Strafen
Penalties,
12. Any person violating the prCJVisions of this law' shall
upon, coiwiction by Military Government Court be
liabl~ to' any lawful punishment other than death as
the co~rt may determine.
'
12. Jeder Versto13 gegen di~ Bestimmungen dieses G,
setzes wird nach Schuldigsprechting des Taters dur.
ein Gericht del', Militarregierung nach, dessen E,
messen ':mit, jeder gesetzlicti zuliissigen Strafe, jedo·
\ nicht mit der Todesstrafe, bestraft.
, ARTIKEL IX
Inkrafttreten
13, Dieses Gesetz tritt mit dem Tage seiner ersten Ve
kiindung in Kraft.
'
, 1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITA.RREGIERUNG,
,
'ARTICLE IX
Effective .Date
, 13. This law shall become effective upon the date of its
first promulgation.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
eutscher
,Il3erhalb
:isungen,
,riefende
.1Berhalb
len Pei~
MILITARY GOVERNMENT '.:- GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
'eis der-,
Use of Wehrmacht Property,
, J:
,gte eine
md der
I au13er_
ob'der
~ndeiner
:gte und
,len' ih
ler An
19 aus
'echtigte
'ersonen'
ld eine
In dem
oeteiligt
, urn Be
Itungen,
:chlands
che von
;gestellt
?utscher ,
n.
'1'
Ba
,
, l\ULITARREGIERUNG, - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
LAW ,NO. 54
GESETZ NR. 54
Nutzung v~n Vermogen derWeh;macht,
To deprive the German Armed Forces of the use of military
installations and training fac'ilities withinth'e' United States
Zone, including air fields, maneuver areas, camps, and ranges;,
To 'increase agricultural production;
To facilitate the accommodation and settlement of Germans
and' others;
,
~odecentrali;i?:e the structure of the Gerri,an economy;
Die Zwecke dieses Gesetzes, sind
d~n deutschen .streitkraften die Nutzung aIlel' milltal'isch(
Anlagen undAusbildungseinrlchtungE'm, einschliesslich Vi
Flughafen aUer Art, Truppentibungsplatzen, Lagern UI
Schiessplatzen, in, der Amerikanischen Zone zuentziehen;
die landwirtschaftliche Erzeugung zu erhohen;
die Niederlassung und Sie~lung VOn Deutschen und anden
Personen zu ermoglichen; und,
'
den Aufbau ,del' deutschen Wirtschaft zu dezentralisierc)
,
,
it is hereby ordered as' follows:
1. The right to posse'ssion' and use of all property in the
United States Zone (excluding the Bremen Sub-District),
title to which is held by; any of the following is hereby
granted to the Land (state) in which such property is
situated: "
'
,
i ' "
(a) The Supreme Command of the German Armed Forces.
, the German Army, 'the German Navy, the German Air
Forces, and any, component there?f;
,
(b) The SA (Sturmabteilungen), the NSKK (NS-Kraftfahr
, korps), the NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps),' the SS (Schutz
staffelh), including the SD (Sicherheitsdienst);
(c) The German Reich, 'any of its' departments or, agencies,
,for or in the interest- of any of the organizations listed
under a and' b;
, demgemiiss wird hi,ermit folgendcs bestimmt:
1. DasBesitz- tmd Nutzungsrecht jeglichen in der Amer
kanischen Zone (ausschliesslich des Bezirkes ,Bremen) bl
legenen Vermogens der nachgenannten Personen und Organ
sationen wird hiermit auf das' Land Ubertragen, in de
soIches Verm6gen belegen ist:
(a) das Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, des Heeres, d'
Kriegsmarine. der Luftwaffe, und die Ihnen unte
geordneten Verbande;
(b) die SA (Sturmabteilungen), das NSKK (NS-Kraftfah
korps), das NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps) und ~je ',!'.
(Schutzstaffeln) einschliesslich des SD (Sicherhel t
dienst);
,
(c) das Deutsche Reich, 'seine Behorden 'und Dienststelle
hinsicqtlich des Vermogens, das sie zugunsten oder i
Interesse einer del' unter a odeI' b ang::!fi.ihrten Organ
sationen besitzen;
39
�i
BY O~~VIlL:TAnY GOVERNMF"'lT.
GO'~l'
____
I_M_A_U-:-F_TRAGE DEReITARREGIERUNG..
l\IILITXRREGIERUNG -
DEUTSCHLAND
UNITED STATES ZONE
Al\lERIKANISCHE ZON.E
NOTICE
BEKANNTMACHUNG
Foreign Exchange and External Assets
Devisenwerte und Auslandsvermogen
~e
attention of all persons is drawn to MiJita'ry Gov-.
1. AIle Personen werden nochmals auf" das Gesetz Nt. 53
der Militiirregierung hingewiesen,nach welchem j€ d ermann
I and delivering forthwith all property referred. to in die unbedingte Pilicht zur sofortigen Anmeldung und· Ab
Iieferung aller:Vermogens'werte obJiegt, die' in den Artikeln
IS JJ and III respectively of that .law.
II und III des Gesetzes Nr. 53 aufgezahlt sind.
~roperty must be declared ev~n though it may have
'2. Die. Vermogenswcrte mussen auch dann noch ange
:e legally vested in the ,German External Property meldet werden, wenn sie kraft Gesetzes Nr. 5 des KontroIl
rates bereits auf die Kommission, filr das deutsche Auslands
Jssion b\" virtue 6f Control Council Law No.' 5.
!
'
vermogen gesetzlich iibertragen sind.
~y person who . fails after the expir~' of thirt~' days
3. Wer es unterlasst, binnen 30 Tagen vom Tage dieser
'Bekanntmachung ab, irgendwelche Vermogenswerte der in
lhe date, of this notice, to declare or deliver any prop
iHected, upon conviction b~' a Milita'ry Government. Rede stehenden Art anzumelden oder abzuliefern, wird. wenn
ein Gericht der Militarregierung ihn fiir .schuldig berindet,
be liable to further severe penalties as 'the court
mit noch weiteren' von diesem Gericht zu bestimmenden
fctcrm;ne in addition to an\" outstanding penalty under
Strafen, zusatzlich derim GeSJetz Nr. 53 aufgefiihrten Stra
fen, bestraft werden.
'
~o. 53:'
4. Diese Bekanntmachung tritt am 10. Fetruar 1946 in
~is notice becomes' effective 10 February 1946.
K~
.
nt Law No. 53 and to the absolute 'n'2cessity of de-:
,.
,
j:
,
,
~
",
\,
i
(
'1..
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUN.G.
---/
...
~
:
;
BY ORDER OF I\'IILIT~~\RY GOVERNMENT.
,
�MILITARY, GOVERNMENT ..:.. GERMANY
l1NITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
NOTICE NO.2
BEKANNTMA
under Military Government Law No. 53.
auf Grund des
FOREIGN EXCHANGE ASSETS OF DISPLACED
PERSONS AND' STATELESS PERSONS
,
,
Gese~es
Nr. 53 der Militiirr'egi,eruJIi.:I[
,
DEVIS~ERT:E VERSC~EPPTER
UND
STAATENn..OSER PERSONEN
1. , A'll displaced pe'rsons and stateless persons are i~onned
1. AIle verschlcppten und staatenlosen Personen
that 1Ihey oare subject to M'iIlitary Government Law No. 53
hiermit in Kenntnis gesetzt, daB sle dem Gesetz Nr.
"Foreign Exchange Con trol" Articles II 4Uid III of that
MiliUirreglerung "Devisenbewirtschattung" unterliegen.
law require the fiLing of declarations of certain ¢ypes of
Artlkel II und In dieses Gesetzes 1st die schriftliche
property and the de1J..verY of certain foreLgn exchange aSsets.
meldung gewi~ser Devisenwerie' vorgeschrieben.
2. Witlb:in fJlfteen (15) days after tlbe effective date of . 2. Innerhalb von 15 Tagen nach Inkrafttreten
Bekanntmachung haben aIle verschleppten
this NOtice, all displaced persons who own or hold or who
irgendwelche In Abs. 7 dleser Bekanntmachung
are in possession, custody' or con'trO'l, of any of th~' foreign
gefilhx:ten Devlsenwerte als ElgentUmer odlir Inhaher
exchange assets listed in paragraph 7, below, shall file with
oder sonst ,besltzen,' verwalten oder kODitrollieren, der ....,....v·, . .,
the nearest branch of the appropriate Land Central Bank i!
wIlltten declJaration of any of sUCn assets whdch are located 'gelegenen Zwelgsielle der ZU~dlgen\~~~;~~i:~:;r:=~11,: of
die 1m Amerikanisdhen Kontrollgebiet IJ
in the Undted states Area of Control in Germany, and shall
lichen Werte dieser Art scllrUtlich anzumelden
PI)
deliver any'SUCh assets against receipt. to that bank; pro
Empfimgsbescheinigung der genannten Bank
vided, however, that -any displaced persons w.llo are regis
Jedoch konnen versch1ep.p~e Personen, die als
tered members of and who are Il'esiding in United Nations
Sammellagern verschleppter Personen der Vereinten
dispLaced person'S' assem'bly centers may comply with the
gemeldet sindurid daSelbst wohnen, den
requirements of 'tihiis parngmph by declaring .in writing and
dleses Absatzes'ln der Weise nachkommen,
werte dieser Art bei. einem von den La,lle:rbE!hora!!n
delivering 'against rece1pt such !fore~gn exchange assets to
Empfangnahme bestlrnmten Beamten lnIlerna.~o
the offl'Oial within sudl centers designated :by '4lhe author
ities thereof to accept and dep09it such assets in the nearest
schriftlich anmelden und gegen E~~~n~~~~~~:~:::tl
abliefern, der diese Werte sodann im Namen .
2 1
branch of the approiprilBte Land Centl'Bll: Bank in the name
oder Inhaber In der
at the owner or Iholder. Compliance wirth 1/he prt)v:isions LandeSzen.tralbank zu niidhsten Zlweigstelle der " ..r~~'hll!no!!.' Govel'
hinterlegen hat. Elne
Mono,
of this lparagI'laph by displ.aeed persons wi'll be deemed a
Person, die die Vorschriften dieses Absatzes
du~tn
,full compliance with the provisions of Articles II and III
damit die Bestimmungen der Artikel II und III
cnlon
~ MUUary Govern!llent Law. No. ,53. ': ,.
.:~ ..:;
)',' : Nr. 53der::MilitarregierUl'lg.:~"::,,, ,"";, ,:,~ ;"', , " "
'Iend
,: 3. -- Any :"statcless' person rwthO'ij.s'Din .mduded. '\vdil;bin . the
> '3. Aile staatenlosen PeJ:'soiien.(iienicht~1,l.ilter die. .
'effect
bestimmung '"Verschleppte Personen'" des· Abs: 5
" "3.' ':
definition' of the term "displaced persons" in Paragriilph 5,
Bekannlmachung fallen, haben die Vorschriften der
desigr
below, ,shall comply with the provisions of Articles II and III
II und III des Gesetzes Nr. 53 der Militarregierung
Milita
of Military Government Law No. 53 during the fifteen' (15)
der 15tiigigen Frist, die nadh Inkrafttreten dieser
(orcin
day period after the effective date of this Notice.
machung zu laufen beginnt, zu Ibefolgen.
respe(
4. DurJDIg the fifteen (15)· day (peI1iod a.fter the e1lectd-ve
4. Gegen verschleppte oder staatenlose Personen
4. 1
date, bereof, no prosecutions ·lWiilr !be m'Stillluted against dis
innerhalbder 15tllgigen Prist, die nach Inkrafttreten
area I
'p'laced persons or -against stateless pemons fur violations
Bekanntma'Chung zu laufen beginnt, eine S
. ' JustlTI'
of Articles II and III of IMiHllary Government Law No. 53
wegen Verletzung der Artikel II und III des Gesetzes Nr:. in pal
or for the violJation o!f any other applTcable l~sl<alflion pro
der Militiirreglerung oder wegen Verletzung anderer elD
5. I
hibiting tlbe pOISSession o!f foreign' excllange oasse'ts. There
schlagiger gesetzUcher Bestimmungen, die den Besltz VOD; telizat
after, all d!spl~ persons :and stalte1ess persons witl be
Devisenwerten veIlbleten, nicht eingeleltet.
set fo:,
liable to prosecution for the vlo1ation at such pro1l'isions of
5. Der Ausdruck "Verschleppte Personen", im Sinne
No. 56
law on'ly !i,f 6uch wolat-~s occur after ·the end of such
Bekanntmachung bedeutet verschleppte Personen
fifteen (15) day period.
einten Nationen und aile anderen Personen,
5. The term "displiaced 'persons," as used !herein, means
so1chlm verschleppten Personen Fiirsorge und 1nter~;tii1:ZUJl'1
United Nations displaced persons and .all other persons re
empfangen.
.
ceiving di1ij)laced persons' care ·and assistance.
6. Der Ausdruck "das Amerikanische
6. The term "U.nited St:ates Area of Control -in Germany,"
Deutschlands" 1m Sinne dleser De'Kann,maCflUIII;;
as used herein, Il/haU ineludc the Laender of Bavaria, Bremen,
Lander Bayern, Bremen, Hessen und WiiirtitelnbeI'll-Elad~!II1
Hesse, 'and Wiuerbtemberg-Baden<aoo the United States
sowle den Amerikanlschen Sektor von Berlin.
Sector of Berliin.
'
7. Die in Abs. 2 dieser Bekanntmachung genannlea
U. S.
7. The foreign exchange assets referred to in paragraph 2, . Devisenwerte umfassen:
a. Zahlungsmlttel, mit Ausnahme deutscher Zahlunp
(
above, shall .Include:
mittel;
. Order
a.• Ourrency other than German currency;
b. Sdhecks, Anweisungen, Wechsel und andere Zahlua- Second
gen verbriefende Urkunden, welche auf Personen aUljer.nalD.
b. Ohecks, drafts, biUs of exchange and O'ther instru
Deutschlands bezogen oder von soh::hen Personen
Oldina
ments of p.aymen't drawn on or issued Iby perSC·.. 3 ou1side
sind;,
Second
Germany;
c. Wertpapiere und -andere dem NachweiS von Eigen
(Con
c. Securities and other evidences of ownersih,j,p ur ,in
tum und Verschuldung dlenende Urkunden, welche aus
gestellt sind auf:
debtedness ~'S&ued by:
15
(1) Personen aullerhalb Deutschlands; oder
(1) per!i!Ons oU/tside Germany; or
(2) Personen 1i:merhalb Deutschlands, falls
(2) pensons in Germany if eXlPressed ,in a curr~
Urkunde in ·nicht.,deutscher Wlhrung
drUckt 1st.
...
other than German currency.
d. Gold· oder Silbermilnzen, Gold-, Sllber- oder
d. Gold or sHYer win; golld, silver or platinum bullion
barren oder 'Legierung!'lJl dilvon 'In Banenfonn.
o.r aHoys thereof in bullion form.
68
·,.1
�I
8. Als Beauftragte der Miiitarregierung zum Zweeke der
l The LandCentra!l BankS have been designated as the
Annahme mid sicheren Verwahrung von Devlsenwerten, die'
of Mll;itary Government for the purpose of accepting
von verschleppten Persbnen auf Grund des Abs, 2. dieser
safeguardiJn.giforergn exohange :assets surrendered' by
Bekanntmachung a'bgeHefert werden, sind die Landes
'Il:spla'ced. persons pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Notice. . zentraLbanken benannt worden. Die RUckgabe cler auf diese,
Weise abgelieferten Devisenwerte an den' Eigentiimer oder
exchange assets thus surrendered will be returned
frUheren Inhaber erfolgt gegen Vorlage der bel oer Ab
,the owner or holder thereof upon presentation of· the
lieferung ausgestellten Empfangsbescheinigung bei der,
!lCl!ipt, given in connection with such surrender, to the ap
zustandigen Zweigstelle der Landeszentralbank, wenn gJeich
branch of the Land Central Bank accompanied by
zeitig eine,. von einem beyollmachtigten Vertreter des
UND
statement from a duly au'tlh.ol'ized represenltative of! the . zustandigen Amtes der Militarregierung ausgestellte Beschei
nlgung dartiber ,belgebracht wird,' daB der Eigentiimer oder
Land Office of' MlJi.tary Government that the
friihere Inhaber im Begriff ist, Deutschland zum Zwecke
n werdea lI'Iler or holder· is leavting' Germany for the purpOse of
des endgtiltigen Wechsels seines Aufenthaltsortes. 'zu ver
:-Ir. 53 del r.aking a pel'llllanent change of residence.'
,
lassen,
gen, Nacb' g, This Notice,!is aIppIlJca.b'le <and ISIhall becOOle effe<:t>ive
. 9. Diese Bekanntmachung' hat Gtiltigkeit innerhalb dar
:liche ADLander Bayern,' Bremen, Hessen und 'WUrttemberg-Baden.
the Laender of Savarila, Bremen, Hesse, amd Wuert-,
.
Sie tritt am 1.'. April 1948 i~. Kraft.
werg-Baden on 1 Apri'l 1948.
en diesel'
1M AUFTRAGE DER 'WLITARREGIERUNG
BY t;)RDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
onen, die
Jng auf·
oer haltea
er nachst
,ntralbank
fiber die Verliingerung der Vol1z~gsfrist .
fl. 2
BEKANNTMACHUNG,
::is beHInd.
md gecea
)zuliefern.
solche '111
1 Nationea
:dernisseD
. Devisea
irden zur
.es Lagel1
heinigun,
igenttimer
Istandigell
:s i .te
•
g lt
i
es
n.en wird
;en dieser
edolgunK
zes Nr.. S3
lerer ein
;esltz von
me dleser'
der Vet-·
iie. gleicb'
,rsttitzung
:enannten
ZahluDgs-
e Zahlun
auBerhalb
lusgestelll
m Eigen
.che aus
~al
•
di~
g al.!sge
ler Pia Un-
in Anordnung Nr. 1, erlassen auf Grund des Gesetzes
Nr. 56·) der Mi1itiirre~ierung
I. Under paragraph 4 of Order No. I, United States Mili·
Government Law No. 56 entitled "Proqibition of Mono
3ry
Conditions in the German Motion Picture Industry",
agency designated by Military Government to enforce
said law may, for good cause shown, extend the time
1I1iut within which compliance must be effected. .
Z Under paragraph 4 of Order No, I, British 'Military
qrdinance . No, 78, entitled "Prohibition ,of
Conditions in the German Motion Picture In
the agency designated by Military Government to
. the said Ordinance may, for good cause shown, ex
tmd the time limit within which compliance must be
dlected,
.
3, The Bipartite
, BegrilIs
5 dieser
~r Artikel
innerhalb
BekaDnt
:rollgeblet
miaBt die
lrg-BadeD
of Extension of Time under Order No.1 Issued
Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 56-)
Decartelization Commission has been
isignated theretofore by both the United States anq British
'Governments as the designated agency for en
Wting ,the aforementioned Law No. 56 and Ordinance No, 78
:!Spectively,
.'
t. The recent currency reform in the combined economic
!rea has necessarily required a temporary .period ofread
.
rendering the existing compliance dates alluded to
paragraph 1 and 2 above impracticable.
In consequence of th~ foregoing, the Bipartite Decar-'
Commission hereby extends the compliance date
forth in paragraph 4 of Order No. 1 issued under ulW
56 and' paragraph 4 of Order No. 1 issued under Ordi
No, 78, from 4 months after 8 March 1948 to 8 months
8 March 1948.
.
1. GemaB Ziff.· 4 der Anordnung Nr. I, erlassen .auf
Grund des Gesetzes Nr, 56 der Militarregierung, "Verbot
. mor.opolartiger VerhlUtnisse in der deutschen. Film
.industrie", kann die von der Militarregierung mit der
Durchfiihrung dieses Gesetzes betraute Stelle in gerecht':
.
fertigten Fallen die Vollzugsfrist verlangern.
2. GemaB Zitf. 4 der Anordnung Nr. I, erlassen auf
Grund der Verordnung Nr. 78 der Britischen Militiirregie
rung, "Verbot monopolartiger Verhaltnisse in der deutschen
Filmindustrie", kann die von der Militarregierung mit der
Durchfiihrung dieser Verordnung betraute Stelle in gerecht
fertigten ,Fallen die Vollzugsfrist verlangern.
3. Von der Amerikanischen und Britischen MilItiirregie
rung 1st' daraufhin die Zweizonen-Dekartellisierungskom
mission· mit der Durchfiihrung des' obenerwahnten Gesetzes
Nr. 56 und der obenerwahnten Verordnung Nr. 78 betraut
worden.
4. Die unlangst in dem Vereinigten Wirtschaftsgebiet er
folgte Wahrungsreform erfordert notwendigerweise zur Um
stellung eine gewisse Zeitspanne und macht daher die Jilei
behaltung der in Ziff. 1 und 2 erwahnten Vollzugsfristen
untunlich.'
. "
5. Aus diesem Grunde verlangert die Zweizonen-Dekar-,
. tellisierungskommission die in Ziff, 4 der Anordnung Nr, I,
erlassen auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 56, und die in Ziff. 4
der Anordnung Nr. ·1, erlassen auf Grund der Verordnung
Nr; 78. vorgesehen~. Vollzugsfrist von vier.. Monaten, g~
rechnet yom '8. lI4arz 1948 an; .auf acht Monate, gerechnet·
vom 8. Marz 1948 an.
DIEZWEIZONEN":DEKARTEu:.ISIE~UNGSKOMMISSION
BIPARTITE DECARTELIZATION COMMISSION
---
.)
') Issue· I. pages 16-17
Atisgabe I, Selte 16-17
I------A--pp-E-ND--IX--·-.....:....----.....:....---:--:....--:--...:.AN-~H-A-N.;...G-'-.--.,..---"":'-
D. S. Military Government Legislation Concerning
Currency Reform inU. S. Sector of Berlin
Order for Monetary Refor'm '
Second Order for Monetary Reform
. Ordinance for Monetary Reform (First Ordinance)
Second Ordinance for Monetary Reform
(Conversion' Ordinance)
for the Stamping of .Identity Cards
for the ,Exchange of' Currency .by
UISI~!a!~'ea Persons .
..,
'11U,gUluu'uns Nos, 1-8 to the First Ordinance for
Reform
latgul;ati(ms Nos. 1-5 to the Second Ordinance for'
Reform
Gesetzliche Vorschriften der Amerikanischen Mi1itar~
regierung fiber Neuordnung des Geldwesens im U. S.
.
. Sektor von Berlin
.
I
Befehl ZUf Geldreform
. Zweiter Befehi zur Geldreform .
Verordnung zu'r Neuordnung des Geldwesens'
(Erste Verordnung)
Zweite Verordnung zur Neuordnung des Geldwesens
'
. (UmsteliungsverordrlUng) . . '
BefehI tiber die Abstempehmg vo~ Personalausweisen
Verordnung zurp Umtausch der Wahrung durch
verschleppte Personen
.
Bestimmungen Nr. 1-8 zur Ersten Vero~dn~ng 'zur'
"Neuordnung, des. Geidwesens
.'
,
Bestimmungen Nr. 1-5 zur' Zwelten Verordnung zur
. Neuordnung des Geldwesena
'
59
�Ajl1
~'t 00 ~-L--·Ge£·. ,-t;~;1-ttf!--~I
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
ORDINANCE ··NO. 34
.MILITXRREGIERUNG
-DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHESKONTROLLGEDIET
,VERORDNUNG NR. 34
Amendment No. 3
Dritte Xnderung der Verordnung Nr. 6· der
"MiIWirregierung *) .
to Mili~ary Govermnent Ordinance No .. 6
"Military Government' Court for Civil Actions" *)
"ZiviIgericht der Militarregierung"
ARTIKEL I
1. Paragraph 15' der Verordnung Nr. 6 der
ARTICLE I
1. Section 15 of Military Government Ordinance No. 6
is amended by deleting the words "six months" wherever· wird abgeandert durch Streichung der Worte ',,6
they appear and inserting in place thereof the words. wo immer diese vorkommen, und Einftigung der
"ein Jahr" an ihrer Stelle.
"one year".
.
ARTIKEL II
.ARTICLE II
'2. Paragraph 3'des Telles II der Verordnung
2. Section 3 of Part II of Military Government Ordinance
Mllitarregierung, . welcher durch §. 18 der Vt>f"m,Nn1ln.l llf,
·No. 6, which was added by Section 1'8 of Military Govern
Nr. 18 U) der Militiirregierung hinzugefilgt worden war;
. ment ,Ordinance No. 18 **), is amended by adding the
. abgeandert durch Hinzuftigung folgenden Satzes:
following:
.
"KlagegrUnde, welche am 4. Oktober 19.48 oder
"Causes of action arising on or after 4 October 1948
entstehenund das nachfolgende Verfahren
and the trial thereof shall not be governed by the
riicht nach den vorstehenden
.'
foregoing provisions of this section, but shall
gov
Paragraphen, sondern nach den anwendbaren deuts,che,_.
erned by the applicable German law except as it may
Gesetzen, vorbehllltlich deren Abanderung durch
be otherwise. modified by MiliJtary Government/'
Militarregierung."
.
.. ARTIKEL III
ARTICLE III
3. This' Ordinance shall become effective within the
3. Diese. Verordnung tritt am 4~ Oktober' 1948 .in
Uindern .Bayern, Hessen, WUrttemberg-Baden, Bremen
Laender of Bavaria, Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden, Bremen
dem amerikanischen Sektor von Berlin in Kraft.
and the Un4ted States Sector of Berlin on 4 October 1948.
be
1M AUFTRAGE DER
BY ORDER· OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
MILITARRE~IERUNG
_._-------_.._---------------------_.--'_._-----------_.---.----------p:e;
MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES' KONTROLLGEBIET
M;ILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ;\REA OF CONTROL
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUN
NR.15
GENERAL ·LICENSE
NO.IS
Blocking and Control of Property
.Erteilt auf Grund des' Gesetzes Nr. 52 der
Militarregierung f)
(abgeanderte Fassung)
Sperre undKontrolle. von Vermogen
Also kn';wn as
Auch bekannt als
Issued Pursuant
toMilitar~ Governme~tLaw
No. 52t)
(Amended)
.
.GENERAL LICENSE
NO.9
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMI
NR.9
Foreign Exchange Control
Erteiltauf Grund. des Gesetzes Nr. 53
Militarregierung tt)
Devisenbewirtschaftung
L A general license is hereby gran ted permitting tran;
act,ions which result in cr.edits to ,blocked accounts existing
or to be establiS'hedin the names of persons absent from
Germany provided that:
a. Amounts socredi'ted are 'payahle . j,n German CUr
rency and originate directly from:
{I) ·authQrized pensions and benefits under ·soei,al·
and private insurance policies which do not
exceed DM 3,000,- 'per annum in the' case of
1. Hiermit wil'd cine allgemeine Gen'2hmigung erteilt
Geschafte, wekhe !zu Gutschriften auf bestehenden
errichten.den Sperrkonten von Personen fUhren. die
nuflerhal'b Deutsch-lands 'befinden, mit der Ma13gwbe, daJJ
a. dk~gutgesC'hriebenen ,Betrage in deutscher
zah~bar sind .und unmittelbar stammen aus:
"(I) erlaubten Pensionenund Zahlungen
von Sozial- oder privaten' T"ro;'"·h",r.1
zum Hochstbetrag von jahrli'ch
'Wenn es si<:h urn wiederkehrende
Issued Pursuant to Military Gov~rnment Law No. 53tt)
Issue
••) Issue
t) Issue
tt) Issue
. *)
A, pages 73-'-78
Ausgabe' A.
uJ Ausgabe, F:
t) Ausgabe A ..
ttl Ausgabe A.
• *)
F, page 10
A, pages 24-26
A. pages 36-39
30
S, 73-78
S. 10
S: 24-26
S. 36-39
�Mil
'~~ND
;~ET
~R.
..'
,regularly. reCurring payments 01' DM. 20,000.- in
the case of non-recurring .payments; .
(2) due interest p~yments or r~payn1en'ts of ca<pital
) with respect to debts' ex~ressed in, German legal
tender currency owed :by pe.rsonsin Germany
to <persons' outside Germany;'
34
19 Nr. 6 der
rents, royalties, and other forr~s of income from
G'crman assets;
(4) legacies' or inheritances" or distributive shares
therein..
,
b. ·A 'valld ,pre-capitulation contract exists .,under which
liability to effect payment cannot
avoided and
c. Amounts resulting from such tr,ansactions'arecre:'
only to the account of oH1epolicy holder/beneficiary,
uo",-",.rlr"m,fQ'camn, Jegatee/h<;ir. or owner concerned.
(3)
;ierung"
be
This general license Shall not ,be deemed to authorize
payment from any blocked account Which ,is not otherwise
:i-;:;'Ilutho!'iz€~d by Military Government.
3. Financiai institutions effecting credits to the accounts
abselftee owners shall satisfy themselves that the pro
of. this ,general ,license are met.··
4. Amounts oredited pursuant to this general license shilll
tie lapplied :to ,the reduction of ·any existing de'bit
leI' 1948 in
len, Bremen
of 'the account. holders.
~raft.
.:i
~his
general licens.e js effective ,with'In the Laender
Bremen, Hesse' and \Vuerttemberg-Baden and, exinsofar as it has ,been issued pursuant to MiJ.itary
Law No. 53, jn t.he US Sector of the Greater
Area, from 1 J,uly 1948.
ERU G
:
:HLAND
IEBIET
BY ORDEJR OF MLLIT.AiRY GOVE~NiMENT
VlIGUNG
'1'.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
NOTICE
52 der
~O.
handelt, und von' ..oM 20 000,-, wenn es si
umeine einm1;1lige'Zah.lung handelt;,
(2) . Za'hloungen . ialUger Zilfis>~n' oder Ruckzahlung
desKJaopitals von Verbind.1ich:keiten, die :0
deutschegesetzliche Zahlungsmittel .lauten u
von Personen.in Deutschland solchen' au13erh,
Deutschlands gesclluldet werden;
.
.
(3) Mietzinsen, GewinnanteHen odeI' ander'~n A'rt
von deutschen Vermi:igenswerten;
(4) Vermachthissen odeI' Erbschaften' oder Anteil
an solchen;
b. eii1 gtiltiger Vertragaus del' Zeit vor del' Kapjtul
besteht, auf Grund dessen sich doer Schuld:;;er sci.n
.Zahlungsverpfiichtungni,eht entziehen kann und
c. die Betrage au~ dieseri Geschllften ausschlieBli'
dem Konto de~ Versiche'rten odeI' Begtinstigten; des GHi
bigers, Verma,chtnisne'hmers odeI' Erbo;n,. odeI' des Ei'ge
turners gutgeschrieberi wenden.
2. Diese aHgemeine 'Genehmigungist nicht als Ermac.
tigung zu solchen Zahlungen von Sperrkonten anzusehe
·fijr die keine sonstige Ermachtigung del' Mililarregierul"
vorlhzgt.'
.
.
, 3: Geldinstitute, die Gutschriften auf die· Konten v,
. abwesenden .Inha:bernvornehmen, haben sich zu vergewi
sem, daB die Vo:rschriften diesel' allgemeinen GenehmigUl
.
einge'haIten' werden.
4. Die" gocmaB dies~~ allgemeinen Genehmigung gu
geschriebenen Betrage" sollen, nicht zur A:bzahlung v(
Sollsalden del' Kontenin<ha:b:r verwendet werden..
,
5. Diese allgemeine Genehmigung ist in den Landel
Bayern, Bremeri, Hessen und WUrtli:mberg-Baden. und, 51
weit sie ni.cht 3uifGrund des Gesetzes Nr. 53 del' MiliHi:
regierung erteilt ist, im 'amerikanischen Sektor von Berl
'. am 1. Juli 1948 in Kraft getreten.
liM :AUFTRAGE .DER MLLITARREGI~RUN<i
tion
MILlTXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND ,
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
BEKANNTMACHUNG NIt 3
3
under Military Government Law No. 53 "')
Import and Export of German C'urrency
nogen
1. . Notice is hereby giverl that US Military Go'vernment
Law No, 53' prohibits the import of money into Germany
and the export of money
1IGUNG
aulhorized bn ipstructions therefrom, except· as licen.sed
of Military Government.
53 der
• mg erteilt fur
enden odeI' zu
Iren. die sich
19a:be, daB
::her Wahrung
:m.'Grund
:h
en bis
·DM 3000,-,
Ie Zahlungcn
or
2. Authorization is given for the import and export of
German currency in an amount not exceeding 40 Deutsche
Harks; provided, however, that persons who proceed daily
Icross the International frontier from. their place of resi:
dence to their place of business, employment or professional
practice are only authorized to import or export an amount
not exceeding 10 Deutsche Marks. per day.
3, Any import or export of German currency in excess
01 'the amount so authorized will be prosecuted.
4. This' Notice becomes 'effective in the United States
Zone on 12 November 1948,
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
'j
ISsue A.' pages· 36-39 .
0) Ausgabe 'A, S. 36-39
�,I,
,
'
.
"
...,......
' " ,
M \ OS •. ''1: =,7':'4- '
" . • 'III! ,,'. ,
'
'.
,
,Q; ", \ A~\r§ n\~\';S'\~lO.'As:rn~
I
• •
•
•
:i)yz-t:
• .
•
OFRCE OFMIUTARY GOVERNM~T FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
,
.
,
,
.
'
, 'SPECIALRE.PORT OF THe' '
MILITARY GOVERNOR '"
,
)~ \~L\'1
�~KU~~KIY
11-117
TITLE 17
DdlnJllou under MG La... No. U.
PROPERTY CONTROL
11..)
!Ieope of Properly ControL - Property Control concel'l1B' the
establishment of contrOl over the properties .of penons alld, organ!
zations set forth In MG Law No.'II2, as amended, and of organ!·
zalions set In the Appendlx 10 CQntrol.CQuncil Law .No. 2. and
ouch properties as may from Urne to Urne be speclfted In directives.
Property CQntrol Is considered an Interim measure pendlnl
uillmate disposition.
.
(Nothing In this Tille wW be Interpreted to abrogate
oC USFETIEUCOM, relallve to the control of property of United
NaUons Displaced Persons and those _Imllated to them In statu.
(UNDP'.) withIn Ihe U. S. Zqne OC Occupallon In Germany.)
dlreetl"".
,PART 1
GENEBAL
SECTION A
11·100
Objectives ADd General Pollel.. of Property Conlrol.
17·100.1
General. - The obj.ctlve of Property CQnt.h)1 Is 10 .nsure IMI.
pending ultima Ie disposillon of property taken Jnlo cuslody, such .
property will be safeguarded and mainlalned without sub.tantlal
depreciation In value oC assell!.
11:100,s
-Objectives of Properly ~. - The control of properly Is a
necessary step in accomptislllng Important ultimate objectives ot
theoceupallon, IDcluding dena%iflcallon, demllitarlzallon. con
comitant delndUBtrtallzatlon, restitution, reparallons, and reI1ef. In
. carrying out d.nuUlcallon, demllltarlzallon. and delndwrtrlaU
zatlon, control Is taken 10 remove designated peraGna and organ!~
.aUons from posillons of pow.r and InlIuence. In accomplishing
restltutlon, reparations, and relief, control Is taken to, provide
u1llmale aid to Nations and'lndividuals who were victims of Nul'
oppression.
.
n'101
Pu.,....., of Till", - ThIs Till. sets forth the objecllv.. and
policies and ··prescrlbes the rules and procedures whll:h will be
followed by MG oUicers In the U. s: Zone In Ihe s"pervlslon of and
Ihe control of property. It will also govern the Gennan euthorlUes
In regard to cuslody and operational management Of propertles for
whlch,lhey. are to be made responsible.
'"
'.
n·lO!
. Soope of TIlle.
a. Under dlrectlves of 17 May !9<ij!, "Transfer of ProPerty CQn·
. Irol Responslblllllesln Greater·Hesse and W!lrltemberg-Bacien to
Land Mlnlater Presidents", CIS, OMGUS, 1 June. 1948, "Transfer of
Property Conlrol Respo~slbllllles In G....ater·He..... 10. LandMlnlsler President," CIS, ,OMOUS, 11 Seplember 1948, "Transfer
of Properly, CQntrol RespoMlbllltles In Bavaria to Land MinIster Presldenla," CIS, OMOUS, 11 September 1948,"TransferofProPCriY
Control Responslb\lItles In B....men to the OberfinanzprllBldent,"
CIS, OMGUS, reaponalblllty for custody and admlnlstrallon of all
, property under MO CDIltrol was transferred to the various LlInder
of the US Zone. ThIs program of tranafer of responsibility relates'
Il> CWItody and admJnistrallon onl1: dlsposlllon of property being
retained. as an MG responSIbility subject to the regu!allol\ll oel
fortli In this Title.
b. Inao!ar as custody and admlnlstratlon of property Is COn
cerned the regulaUo"" set forth In this TI~ sball app17 onl1 until
such Urne as German authOrllles promulgate their own regu!atlona
for custody and admlnlstrallon of property and wd regulations are
approved by Mllitary·G<>veznment. At that Urne parta of this Title
concerned with tbe above subject matter wW be deleted from the
Tille.
SECTION B
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
n·ll0
Chief, Property Control Bl'IUIOh. - The ChIef, Property CQntrol
Branch (CPClB), Is \be s.nlor Property CQntrol Oftlcer' In the
U.S. Z o n e . '
.
17,·111
Deput7 Chief, Propeny COntrol _
- The Deputy ChIef,
Proporty CQntrol Bre."'lch (DCPCB), Is· 'he second senior Property
. CQntrol Oftlcer In the U. S. Zon",
17-112
Lana Property Control CliIet. - The Land Property Control
Chief (LPCC) Is the senior MG Property CQntrol Officer al
Land level
17~n3
,,'
Lana Property Cont.h)1 AllllUDt ChIef. - The Land. Property
,CQnt.h)l Aastslant Chief (LPCAC) Is the second senior Property
.CQntrol O!t!ee.r at Land level
,11-111
Property ControUer. - The Property CQntroUer I, the tleld
representative of the LPCC.
n-1l8
,
GerD>t.G Propertr CQntnll Aaenclea.
•
n·l16.l
Lau' C I _
Dead. - Land ClvllJan Agency Head
(LCAH) Is \he head of the, German· Property CQntrol O!t!ce a I
Land level.
.,
"""'CJ'
11-118.1 "
.
.
'
....I _..._rl< C I _ ~ Head. - RegleM.UlPbezirIt'
ClvlUan Agency Head CRCAB), 1t estab1labed, Is the head' or the
.German Property CQnlrol Olrlce at Rellierunpbe%\rk level.
,
GONTROL
11-118.1
CI'IiUaD A g _ DeN. - ClYI1lan Agent!1 Head (CAB) ts the
head of the German Property Contnll Office at KreIa level.
.
17·111.1
'
"I'enou'" IIhalI mean IlJIY mtural ponons, colleellve pel'llOnI
jurlJltlc persons under. pubUc or private law, and' any govenimeni.
Including all pollllcal sub-dlvlalo.... public corporat,lons, ageneles,
al"d lnalnl.mentalltlea t h e r e o f . · . ·
.
17.117,s
"'B1IlIIDea eaterprIM" shall mean any penon as abOve detlned
engaged In commercial, bUBlneu, or public weItare acllville..
17-117"
, A .....tIGaI.I. of a state or iovernmenl shall mean a subject,
elUzen, or partnel'!iblp and any corporation or other jurlBlJc person
,exlsllng under the la_ of, or hiving a principal ollice In Ihe
'Iemtory of, such state or government.
. .
17·111.4
"t:le.......,..
shall
mean Ihe area constllutlng "Da5 Deul.eche
ReIch" as It exlBled on 31 December 183T.
1~-118
Propert7 Fund&, -Property funds are. funds .... celved as a
result,of ex.rclslng· Property CQntrol functlons.Property·fund,
do not Include bank or other accounts exlallng as .eparal. entllles
(I. e, accounts who.Uy unrelated to properties under control) which
are blocked or frozen by MG ollicers exercising financial funellou.
Only bank or other accounts belonging 10 a property or Indlvlduala
wbose' property Is taken Into Properly CQntrol custody are con.
sldered as propertY funda.
.
17-118
Properties DelbuI4.
a. An "operatlng property" Is any manufacturlnrr, wes or
service enterprise under Property CQntrol whll:h ullllzes raw
malerlals, inventories, labor, and/or ek:IUed or profesalonsl
services In Its normal business operallonl, ""d ....ch Bcllville.
conatltute Ihe source of the major portion of Ita gross in
come. The term "oporaUnIL property" al." .Includes any
Inaellve buslne.. enlerprlses of the' categories deseribed In
Ihe preceding definillon which are pbtentlally operallve.
In the case of United Nallons and Neutrala property, the
property Is to be operated on17 after proper clellirance wllh
the DIrector, Finance DIvision, throu,gh the CPCB, under tho
supervision of a duly appointed custodlan.
Examples:
(I) ~anufaclQl'lng: Steel mills, canning faCtories.
. (2) Sale.
' . . : Wholesalen>, retallers. .
(3) Service.
.: Banlm, Insurance companies, public ac•
I
count.i.nS Arms l etc.
b. "Other mcome producing propert!e.~ wW blcJude rentable
properties, securities, patents, trademarka and other a.spects of
,a Blmllar nalure. AU In",?me proq~J'I'Opertles other \ban
those Included under par. a, above will be Included In
calegary. A rentable property i. one Whose Income Is derived
from leasing fixed assets. A property not presently Income'
producing beilBuseof the neCleS8lt:Y of reasonable· rePmn or
because ot \he temporary look: of a Bulta..le tenant, but 'WbIeI\
is potentlaUy Income producing under tho prece4jng d~
~~~11 also be cJassltled as an "other tDcome productng
thle
c, A "non-Income producing property" Is ....y properiJ' under
control which due 10 Its 1181ure or condl-tlon CanDOt be ex
pected to "'" used tn bUBlness or produce either rental Income
or other Income of ....y. desc:nplilon.
Exampl...:
.
(1) BusIness establishments, apartmenf ho...... or dwellJng
houses wblch are. damaged beyond recovery. .
(2) ·AU other property not clasaUlable as operating or other
Income ~c!ng. ,
' .
SEC'l'ION C
MEANING OF ''PROPERTY CONTROL"
. Properly ControL - Th. tmn "Property CQntiol" denotes th.
establiBbn:)enl and maintenance 'of eontrol I.n and over apec!fied
categorle!l of property 'of penon. and orBandzatlons described and
d.flned In MG Law No. 62 (see MGR 23-832), lhe wlianJutlonl sel
forth In the appendlx to CQntrol CQUncll Law No. 2 (see MGR
2.3-121.2), Geoeral Order No, 1 and supp)eDtents· thereto I.sued
pursuant to MG Law No. 52 (see MGR 23-332, throuah 23-332.I:-.Il..·
and such other properties .. may be made subjl.oet to contnll from
.lime Ie time bY competent authonty.
'
n-1Z!
Wlaat 'Pmpeny Control lacta..... - Property Contnll ";'y
Include use, poBIIt!IWon, custody, 0CI:UpIUICl'. protection. Illle, main
tenance, conservation, supenlalon and may be operated tbrou&b
.custodians duly appointed by the LCAH In the case of Gennaa
propertY and ·through cuolodlana duly appointed by tum' and
approved by the LPCC, .. to property ·of Unlled Nations an.d
.Neulrals.
I7·UII
Tr.kID;
Till.. - Property CQnlrol doe. nol nonnally Include
taking tlUe to property.
17·111
. 'T:rPO of ControL - Aa to United Nations and Neutrals proper- .
II..., the type of control Impoaed al any Urne Is a matter
within the ,dlsct'etlon of the LPCC un»Js otherwlle speclflcal1y'
Indicated by a hl.tlher autbortt;r. .
Aa to German propertIeo. the type of control Impaled .~
any time 11 a matter within the dlsct'etlon of the LeAH unJe..
otherwise specUj,eal1y lndlcated by MilI6ary Government.
,In either _ , local determination '" deatrable beca..... the
control to be ex_led may vary accoi'dlnc to the nature and
.etrcwn.etancea of each _ .
�PROPERTY
11·1"
i.e
~ ~.
- . P~ Control wlU';''''
nerd""'"
over propertllea JlOt einbracecS In MOR 11-300 belaw unless ape
clfte&Uy authorized by the CPC8 or cIIrectecS otherwlle In the
Reaulattollll herein. . Property CO'Iltrol wID Doi apPly UDder IIDY
cIrewnatan_ with respect to properties wbld1 are prlmartly
of eon",,", to the 11. S. Anny or .Na\')' or breDell.ea of Military
Government having BOle jurilldlietlon over. properU... veslecS (n
aa!d br8Dell.ea. Control wlU "'" be exerd.se<l over ""'IllY war
IlIDaHati""" or material ,unless not WllZlte4 by aul.borU:ecl branches
of the Army or Navy, DOr over·any PnlPertiea cSeoired for woe
or operation by other authorized brandl... and Blendes Oil the·
. 11. s.. ocaIpallonai f _ IIDeS Milit&r7 Government, even thOlllllh
wch' properties wouieS otherwise come ,within the'~ of MOR
11-300,
.
, However; fonnal control, and, oustocIy may, be. taken 'GI'b..,
. property 18 released by the Army, Ne\')' or other br8Dell.es of
WHtary Government, It belnS unc!oeratoocS that 1UC:n property molY
be eSerequisUlionecS and returneeS to the German economy without
"plactn, IUd> pnjpertIe. under Property < ; D l l t r o L .
n·w
CONTROL
b.. Focal Point for Field Operattons. -'
The LCAH will coorcSlnate Properly Control operaU""" In
the flcleS. He wlU be rI!lIp(InaIble for primary wtructiOIl
of Personnel, with ....lItaIIce of the 1010 lIeld atatr, aneS for
dlsaemllI8ttng to BCAH". aneS CAB'., replaUO!lI, orden,
· Instructions IIDeS Informattoll seneraUy, IIDeS implementing
such adYioe. ... neeesaary. 'l'be LCAH wID a1acr approve
cuatod.Ian eontracls, te...es ancS releaaeo of property, aneS
lI8les of pel'lshable property, within exUtIng aulhortty aneS
subject to IIDY general restrlctIOII8 In theso Regulations.
c. FIIes.
The otllce of the LCAH will IIIlIIDtadn 1Iila of prescribed
MOIPC forms, ..... to<IIan eontracte, property IecS8et'e. euh
1ecSaen. audita; reporb, oorretpallclenee, to......UoDa. Geld
liaison matters, IIDeS any other pertll:Met reconU or cIocIImeDts.
cS. Ac:exruntlng sectton.
The •omce of the LCAH wID Include a -"..... ADd the
· faclUllea therefor, wherein . . - r y audlllng aneS aceounllng
work may be performed.,
.
e. Spedal ProYiSIoIl for Protection of Property of AlIJecS
Natiollll aneS ·Neutra1.8.
The ottlce of the LCAH. shall alto proVide opeoIa1 facWties
for. ne_ry proteetlon IIDeS control of property of AlIJed
NaUOII8 and Neutrals IIDeS t!IeIr national.:
. .
f. LlalIOn with LPCC.
The attIce of the LCAH will be coll8lcSered the IIaIoon otI!lce
through 'GI'b1d! WIit&r7 Government 8'1 I.IuIcS level will
exe.rol.se IUd! IIIJIM!rvlslolI of Property Colltrof admInIstrallon
... may be necessary.
AllplleaUon .of Dodrl..... to Certaln Situations. - 111 the ab·
sence.ot instrUetlons from the DIrector, n_ce DlYislon, the
fUllct!OIl8 at Prope:ty Control do not apply to ,the foUO'IIl'\ng:
a. ·Operallon of railroads by 'l"tansportallon' Corps;
b. Operation of Pl'T equipment by SlSOai Corps;
c:. Operation of docks by N.\')';
.
eS. U.. of buIIcSlnp by 11. S. all""'clea or personnel'for oftl_
aneS billets: aneS
11·1JU
e. Control over fordSO e",dump transactiollJl, the bIocktog of
, eSeposIU In'bankJI or other financial lnslltutloll<', or the blodt· .
Dntlea of RCA&. In &<in~;"'1, the RCNf, ,If createcl. ..baU
Ing of negollable inBInIments suell. ... tecUritiea, bollds, etc,
auper1l'iSB and coorcSlnate opera'tions of eacb Kreis agency and
which are 1I0t associated with re81 properties. or other
aU CAJr. in 'the Reslerungsbezlrk. He shG.Il alto have ""ell. '
properties 1I0nnally taken Into Property Control oustocIy and,
aeS<I!llonal authority, eSutiea, and fH,pOll8lblUtles as may, within
wblch are adequately safeguardeeS oes no practical. cain
the general limitations aneS requirements herein, be cSelelatecS to
la achieved through taking them Into eontral.
.
.hlm by the LCAH.
SBCrIOK D
'..
,
"
. ,
GENERAL PLAN OF ADMINISTRATION, AND SUPERVIlSION
PURSI1ANT TO TRANSFER TO' GERMAN AU'l'HORITlES.
11-110
•
"
Traaafor'to GermaD AdmIaIatraUoiI, Authority and responsl·
blUty for admlnlltrallonof the Property Control program has
been transferreeS to Gennan authorities' BUbleet to obsi!rvaUon
and ltispeetIolI by and .reports to tlte Property Control· Bmnch
to usure proper attadnmen,t at MG OWed.!vel. AuthOrity over
IUbstanUve rules governinl property control has not been _
fe""" to tlte German' authorities. The Gennan government In
each LaneS In the U. S. zone shall have the responsibility for ad
ministration 5I.Iblect to suell.· substantive rules as are or may
be established by Military Government aneS to compl!anc:e with
MiIiIt&r7 Government In respect to 1IIspectI0II ancS reports.
. As·part at the !rInsfer of administrative """POnsibiUty In the
Gennan governments, they a..., .uthoriD!d to ~Iop, their. own
plana for administrative. organization aneS o!,,;ratlon to' be, ·J!l.It
mUlaeS to the Property Contr<iTBrandllorapPfOv';l'lOcretennlne
Ita adequacy to 8CI:Ompllsh MO obJectives. Pending the submission
or sud\ plans. It Is neceSllllr)' to pro",de an admlnlstrallve system,
and those section. In t/Wi chapter which deal with aeSmlnlstrative .
detalll ·of organization aneS operalion are conllnued In etree!
pencSlng ae<:<!lPtance of a mo<llflcallon' !hereto or a .ubamute plan
orlglnallnl with a Land government.
'
n·lll
a.......... Property Contral 01(_ ...., omdala. - The..., Is
e.tabH9he<I (n each Kreil a Gennan Property Control om"" u.ncSer
the cSlrectlon of a CAH aild III eacb Land a German Property
Control om"" WIder the dl.ree«on of· a LeAH. There 10 also
authorl2:ecS, when required. a Gennan Property, Control Olrlce at
Reglerunlsbe2:lrl< lev.el under the d!reetlon of an ReAR.
n.isl.l
.
,
LIDo of BeapoulbIDly of Ge........ AuUlorlU...· - .The CAH
Is ...,spon";ble to and rece!vesorder.lrom the LCAH. SueII....,·'
sponslbility may run cSlrectly or tltrough the om... of the'RCAH.
'GI'bo tran5jnlts ordor. of, the LeAH and e:rerdses certain aeScSlUonal
',uthorily as delegated by the LeAH. The LCAH' Is responsible
to tlte Minlsterprilsldent of each LaneS. No other Gennan ofIIcIaIs
shall have' authority In Property Co,ntrol functions.
'-',
",,'
n-llZ
Gelleral MalIan 01, Supenlldoa al Gennall AaIhorlU.... - All
1010 pollel.... ·d\reo1l!ves. and lnBtruetlons on Property Control aub
jeeta. wIYlch originate at OMGI1S or LaneS level, will be trans
mitted through ttle Lanet Director of 01010 to the Mlnlsterprllsl
dent, or by the LPCC to the LeAH, their respedlve duly authori~
ed agents.
n·1lI1
.to' "
'J.
.
, at
t he
oneS
All' BukI Eldolln. --., DIreetI".... ...., PoUcle8 Unehanpd.
- Transfer of the Property Control program wu admInIsIreUve
not """atanlive In nature. elfectlos merdy a cban1le of persons
.and oftk>es perforrnlnl particular duties. All IUb.t8nUve rules
governing Property Control remain l1I18lf«tecl
11-1M
....poaoIblU_ 01 lIIIDIaletprlolcSetll ...:... The LCAHuneSer the;
M:InIaterprAaIcSetlt of each LaneS shall be responsible for the safe
lUarcIIDc of property uneSer eontrol aneS' for the gmeral aeS·
,mlnlatratloo of the Property Control prosram. He wID be IUbject
to IUch 1IJperV\sI000reatrlctions, audits and IUbmlttal of reports a.
may .be req~ by Milit&r7 Government:
.
n-IM.I
.
011_ of LeAR. - 'The dulles
ot the LeAH aneS his oftlee ""all
InC~~
~~ty (or ProperiyCon~1 MmInIstraUOII.
-,
The LCAH shall be pr!martIy responsible for proper organ'
1za1l0ll to ensure eIIeetlve functionlng of aU offices and
O'ftlc!als In the adminlotralllon of the· Property Control pro
l1-lJU
011""" of tile CAB. The duties of !be CAH aneS bts omce
·Inelude the. foUowlng:
a. Dee!cSlllg initially wb.!ch properties are ·subject to control
aneS whether they ahouIes' be taken uncler colltrol;
b. TakIng prope!'tles uneSer eontrol;
.
c. AppoIllttng aneS removlns CWItocSIans;
cS. 'Preparing aneS exeeuUIIS <lUIIIodian contraet8 aneS·fix.tog fees
and 'other tenna thereof, all 8Ubject to approval by the LCAH;
<:. Dee!ciIng 1nIIlally 'questlollll relating to cwrtodIans, buslnes.
under control, and parlleUIa;r operattons Or transactions:
f. AdmlnI.sterIng and IUpervialng the oUIce of the CAH aneS
all Its functions;
.
g. SlSOInII and' forwarcSlng all neceaary reports; .
h. ReeorcSlng approprlatelr all. traIllIactiOIlJl, a. required on
'MOIPC forma. Unreported traIllIactions wID be voIdsbl. at
the dls<:f'etion of the LPCC;
'1. Actively a.ulsllni:and. cooperallng with 'Property Colltroller.
or other representatiVe. of the LPCC III any lnspecUoo or
au<l!t of bIa' oftlee O'r records O'r oy illvesllgaldon relating
to Property Control.1!l hIJI KreIs;
j. Cooperallng wttb.!!:reb NO Security IIDd Liaison Detad>
ments aneS Oecupallonal Security Units;
.
k carr,tng out any "special Instructiollll or orders transmitted
to blm by or through the LeAH or RCAH.
1'·115
DaUes 'Of the l.I.'CXi - The 'LPOC h... leoeral ~
a"thori".. over the Prope:ty Control program In the' perU""lar
Land oes lJr """POlISthle lor Ita proper administration by Gennan
otllolals. He wID en.ure that· hIJI field sIaM aecompHshes Its
functions' of 11llI!ieetI0II. InveSldsall..... aneS the glvlnl O'f a.ulslnnce
to GermSII .uthorlUea. He...w. _
that Property Controllers
are Property reporting mattefll requiring c:orre<:llve or remedlai
action III order tIlat he may· pfl!lICribe to German otfldala the
actlon to be taken.
. , ..,'
n'138
Dnllu of ProIlC'l17 ColltroUen. The l'r<>I>erty ControUer is
not lID Interme<l!ate ol:flcer but II a field representative of the
LPCC. HI. duUes Include the following:
.
a. FumlshIng Informallon In part\a.Uar eases ADd explaining
important provlsloll8 of laws, reguialiO!ll, and establ1shecl
policy;
.
b; Asaurllli that basic rules, lImItatlOlI8 aneS policy an 'being
colTttlly observed and that ploc:edure Is proper aneS uniform;
. c. Checking ou" general acSmInlnratlve adequaey, recording.
accounllng aneS au<l!lIng;
eS. Conductiog Inspections a.nd Investlgalloll8. either by ol:cler
of the [.FCC 'Or on bIB own Inlt.latlve, with or without
notl.., to the oftl...... olfldall, .otbor .persona or bua!ll......
In~ated;·
... 'Guarding agalll.t IIDY
ill Improper, trresu!ar, or fraudulent transactloruo such ••
unauthorized uae 9r cSlapos1liOll o f _ or
.
(2) Favorillsm or eSlscrimlnatlon contrary to MG objectives;
f. The Property ControUer will cooperate with and assist
the CAB In the e/fective Implementallon O'f Property 'Control
funetdons at the KreIa level He wID act ... an Inspeetor
aneS aeSvise the CAB ?f any IrregulaitUes or procecSures that
·are not In accord wllft MG pollolea. He wlU Inlonn the
CAH of all cSef!c!encIes noted; those lIhat are IIOt correctecS
locally wlU t"l reported to the LPCC. In the latter cue
remecSlai action wID be InIUated ·at LaneS level IIDeS appro
priata InatruCtlonl I""""" by the LCAH through German
channell. In IU'gent c:aaet or emergencle. (e. g. to safeguard
.aaeta) Property ColltroUefll may aet lmmecSlately as oImun
It.ancu require, In the name of the LPCC, but wlU report
the 1~et8 In wrltlng .10 the LPCC WIthin til houn,
�~nU~~HIY
•
)7-111
. . . . _ _ Be:IerYaUoaa of ",..!borKy by IlllUta.,. 00'1"
......-..t. Rest:lkt.lOIIIIimposed on German offielals and powers
, ~ 10 and t'etalned by MG oUlclals are as follows:
a. Property I18ed by U. S. oecupatlonal forees of MIlitary
Gavernment. "
,
German aufiloritles shall bave 110 Jurisdiction ~ver property
DOW or bereafter oecupled or I18ed by U. S. oecupaUonaI
forees or MIlItary Government durInB Ibe period of ouch
octupaneyor uae.
b. Property of Ullllted Nations and Neutrals. - ' ,
WIIb respect 10 property of United NaUolIS and of Neutrals
and, their nationals, eustodians may not be appointed or
removed, contracts of eustodiana may not be consummated
or'cancelled, and property may not be released from control.
wllbout prior a,pproval of the LPCC. The CAR may ouapend
euslocllans of such properties pendlnl IInal action by the
LPCC. but any such auspenak>n, must be reported wltbln two
daY8,1o Ibe P,,*"y Controller.
c. Reservation' of General AuthOrily of SuperVIsion. -.:.
German oMlcials at Land and lower levels w11l be oubject
10, I"neraI super\~slon by tbe LPCC.
PAilT Z
OPERATIONAL l'LAN FOR PROPERTY CONTROL
BBCrION A
RELATION BETWEEN BLOCKING CONTROL AND PROPERT'i
CONTROL
I1·Z10
....POWllbiUly for BI...,kID.. Control. - , Properties subject to
MG Law No, 52 not actually taken under control w11l continlle tn
be subJect'Io' Blacking Control under Ibe provisions'of Title 16.
MGR. Such properKes as are taken 11.10 custody by Properly
, Control will no longer be subject to blocking control' and will be
administered entm.ly by Property Co~trol This Includes blacked
bank accounts wblch may belong 10 ouch property.
BEcrION B
PROPERTY CONTROL PROCEDURE
•
Proeedure of J!ltabJlshla.r Control - Whenever It Is' necessary
II> establlsb control over a p,,*"y tbe following two basic step.
will be taken: ,
a. Post or deliver Notlce of Custody - Form MGIPC I; and
b. Enter property on Property Records ..,. Forni. MGIPC 2. and
dispose of the form ... dln!cled In OMGUS, AG'letter 010.6
(FD), 25 Feb 47. subject: Property Control Accounting and
Auclltlng Proc<idure. and Legal FormS.
Posting the Notice of Custody doe_ not In Itself constitute taktng
control Notices may be posted pencling I\nal determhiatlon as
10 advlsabUlty of taking control. and Notice may lie removed'
wtthlo a reasonable period. Such preliminary postinlls may be
resorted 10 In exceptional drcumstancos,e, g., giving temporary
protectlon to property subject 10 the Initial Jurisdiction of oth....
branches of MlUtary Government. If temporary custoC:y Is to be
taken; the word "temp'orary" will be Inserted In tbe title of Ibe
NoUce befote "custody", and In the second tine of tbe Notlee
"temporarily" will be Inserted after :'decla~".
n·Ul
Proeed..... for Mainlalnl.Dc ControL
17·U1.1
RecordlDg lila'..... AJreellq ControL - When control baa been
established. a recorclln& of all pertinent matters aJlecllnS the ex
erdae' Of control over such property will be made. This will be
done by preparing Ibe, Report of Property Transactions (Form
MGIPC 31. If Ibe properly Is an operallnS property or olber in
come productng properly which Is permltted 10 conUnue operann",
Its busln.... Ibe followlnl will be done:
a. DelIver Property Control LeUer of InstructlollS No. 1
Form MGiPCOIIBEll; and
•
'b. Secure 1!.nanclal statement of recent date' and perloclical
llnanclal statemenla.
'
n-u!.!
OperaUoQ of BDlIIt"'" Enterprloes. ~ Unless otherwlaedlrected
and subject to 8ucb further limitations as may be Imposed by
MUltar)' Government. any buslnesa enterprl.le under Property
Control may engage In all lransactlons ordlnarLly Incidental 10 Ibe
normal conduct of Ita buslnesa activities wlthIo occupied Germany
provided that such buslltea& enterprise may not engage In any
transaet10n which, directly or Indirectly, substantially dlmlltlahes
or Imperils the .....IB of such enterpr1se or otberwlse prejudlctally
aJlects Its financial position.
•
17·U1.I
Control TIu'ol1l'b CWlIo........ - Property Control wlll normallY
be "",erclsed tbJ'Ough custodians. Acceptable eustodlans. manager.,
,and operating agenta of controlled properties will be authOrtzed 10
engage In necea&arY <and desirable transaet10ns wit}l respect Ibere
to subject to the following overall prohibitions wblc:h may be re"
moved In' particular cases by obtaining Ibe approval of lb. CPCB
In the case of United NatioWl and Neutrala prop4lrtle. and tbe
LPCC In the case of otber properties:
'
B. That capital .....ti will ...., be encumbered. sold or other·
wise dIIpoje4 of; and
b. That operating properties will not be altered In character.
nor will obllgaUons be Incurred e,,~t as Incidental to Ibe
orclinary course of bualness; and
'
,c. That maximum altowane:es tor actllal living expenses to
ownen and their familleo will not exceed amounts spec:lfled
In General LlteDlIe No. 1 ,... (Form MGAF·L(I)).
vUNIHOL
BBCrION C
COORDINATION OF PROPERTY CONTROL PROGRAM WITH
LAW FOR LIBERATION FROM NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND
MILITARISM (MGR 24-500)
Geaen.1 Property. CoQtrol PoU..,. ....Pl!Clllag 'the ....... for LI
berati.... -'To accomplish Property ,Control objectives, Property
-, Control procedures mllSl be closely coorclinated wllb Ibe program
, ouWned under the Law for Liberation. This coordlnaUon will enlail
assumption of 'control of property as soon as grounds appear and
, Ibe retention thereof until a final decision Is rendet'ecl. When an
Incllvldual's statllS Ia determined by final decision of a tribunal
such declalon will be respected with relation to hi. or
i.e;
~roperty,
l7-Z3S.l
a
DeflDlUoQ of Flltal Dedsion. - Final decision meons decision
from which no appeal can be taken and wblcb determines the
status of an Incllvldual and disposition of bls or h .... property pur
suant to the Law for Liberation (MGR 24.500).
1'-W.!
POU..,. PrIor 10 FInal Dedoton. - Until final declslop. under
the Law for Liberation. German Properly Control olflelals wilt
take property under control as '!"'In as any lIfOunda appear tbere-'
for, (see_~O Law No. &2 and supplement Ibereto and tho r ...w for
Liberation from National Soc!a11am and MllItarlsm), and wlll re
lease property only wben clearty jusWled by corroborated faclS.
In accordance wllb this policy of conserving property, preliminary
classlllcaUon. whereby Incllvlduals are placed In Class 1 or 2 by
public prosec:ulonl, will be fully and promptty respected by taking
, all Ibe IncIIvld/Jal's propertY,under control pencllng llnal decision .
This permits German officials 10 lake control or to rellaln control
already taken. notwltbStancling a deCIsion of a tribunal which has
not yet become linal and which does not order confiscatl~n.
,11'.:tS5.3
Poll..,. ,after Final' Decillion.. - ' Final decision of Iribululs will
be fully' respected and .followecl. After any final dectslon whtcb
does not order property conftscatlon, any properly of lb. Individual
already under control will be releaSed unless grounds other than
political or militaristic Incrlminatlon exist for relalnlng control
(i .•.• dure.. property owned by an Individual exonerated under
tbe Law for Liberation), Any' properly of the lridlvldual nol al
ready under control' wlll not be lak.n into control on grounds of
Political or militaristic incriminatlon of said Individual so long as,
said decision remains effectlve.
'
17-235,4 ,
Effecti.... A_WI taken afler Final _loa. - Where any caso
is re-opened tor any t'eason whatsoever. the' case will be COD
sidered as reverting to its status before 1!.nal doclslon. Wben!be
Mlniater for PollUcal Liberation pardons an Individual or vacate.
or modifies " 1!.nal decision withOut ordering final cIisposltion of
tbe IndiVidual property. tbe case wlU also be COnsidered as re
verting 10 lIB status before final decision until Ibe LeAH has been
Instructed In wrlUng by the Mtnlsler of Political Liberation, If
release of the Individual property 18 Intended. ,
I1-U6
,1''''''''da... and Steps 10 be taken by German Ofllelals 10
Elle.luate' Conflscalloa Orden.
'11·23G.1
Asslf1lJDent of Pe.....nnel lit 0111"" of, CAB 10 coordinate Open
Itan witb 'be ...... tor LlberaUoD- The LeAH wW assign one
or more individuals (depending on number of adlng trlbui>alsl In
Ibe office of the CAR to effect continuous liaison wilb publlc
proseculors. These IncllvldualJl. 10 be called Liaison officers, will
be available to testify; aak ~uestlons. and offer suggestions
regarcllng properly during Ibe proceedings. .
n·uu
Proceda" I'rlor, 10 A4,ladlcallolL The'followtng steps will
be taken by Ibe CAR prior to adjudication:
i.. Llalson ofllcers WIIIl be ordered 10 secure classWc:atlon
'lists of Class 1 and 2 offenders and dellver them to Ibe
CAH who will take prompt acUon 10, place' property under
control;
• b. Liaison officer. 'will be ordered 10 familiarise Ibemselves
generally wtltl information "vall.ble to the public prose
CUInr's office and to report such information 10 the CAR In
order to facllltate acllon by Ibe CAR at the proper tlm.e.
17·Z3U
I'rooedure after Final DedololL The following steps wUl
be taken by Ibe CAR aftet 1!.nal decision:
,
a. .A written COpy of the final decision will be filed In' the
olilce of the CAR;
.
b. It _allon Is not ordered. and U no olber gro";'ds
.><Ist 'tor retalrrini control. any property of said tncll\'ldual
Iben under control sbsll be promptly t'e1eased;
Co U !be dec!aIon orden conJlscatlon, the CAR shall act
PJ:Qmptly in accordsn~ Iberew\\h. .
. SEcrIOND
.
RELEASING. PROPERTY FROM CONTROL
, Oc>ouIOna tor Bele-.:'" LCAH's wlll release prop>rty from
custody under the following conditions:
a. When.ver Ibe CPCB directs the turnlng over of the ProPerty
to a designated persOn;
b. Whenever II' Is determined that Ibe property was' taken
Into custody In el'n)r;
, , '
<:, Upon Ibe return of an absentee oWner. wbere contro! of
Ibe property was taken under section I (I) of Arttcle I
of MG Law No. &2, and llPOD suIImlaalon of acceptabte proof
of ~rahlp, of dttzenahlp. and of POllllc:al reliability;
�r-'nVr-'l:.n I I
d. Whenever the awtier has been ~i:ed, or bas IIltls.f\ed the
IanCUons, If any, impoHC! on blm WIder the Law for lAber
a«on from National SooIau.... and Mllltar'llm:
e, Whenever the owner of the property, under, seetioD 1 (<I)
of MG Law No, 52, haa been released fNm delenlloD or any
, other type of """tady by M!I!tary Government, and the
fiI"OI)erty is not othetWla WIthin the 'seope of ,MGR 11-300
belaw;
"
f. Whenever a turn-over awarel, order' or Inatruci1l:on 11
received from Reparatlons ~Ion or BestituUo"" Control
Branch of Military Government' (approval mllBt be obt8!ned
in advance from the Restitution Control Brandl, OMOUS,
(Bear), APO 757, Frallkturt-Hoeehst, before Property Control
omclal. may release any property that wu'removed from
anyone of the following occupied COun'triH:
'Hungary ,
Albania,
AllBtria
Italy
,
Belgium
LUl[embourg ,
Bulgaria
Netherlands
=~vakla
~~
Finland
Roumanla
France
U.s,SA
Greece
Yugoslavia):
g. Whenever the proporty Is requisitioned· for ......
or other purpose by the occupational to""",
branches of Mllltary Government;
h. Upon remmmendatlon of Ibe Mlnisterprl\sl<lent of
or the appropriate civil authorities In the case
'Sector. with the approval of the CPCB;
_raUol\,
or other
the Land,.
of Berlin
,
,
receipt,
WIder ,the provisions
l7-IU
Beleases . of Prapel1.)' to U. S. OeeIIpaUeaal Fa"",," .... other
Brauch.. Property actllBUy taken under control may there
atter be requisitioned by or turned over to the occupaUol>ill forces
and other branches of MlUtary Government. In
caae \be
LCAH will, by order of the LPCC. release the prope'rty coacemed
hom the Property Control books by entering proper notation on
the Report of Property Transaetlcmc (Form MGJPCI3). SUch
notation will include designation of umt or branch, name of '
IXI'DIl118ndIng officer. date ot release. stelelJ!ent of conclltlon at
time of release, and, any other .relevent lnfonnaUon. If !.be
property In question belongs to a Untted Nations Government or
National thereof, Nch fact Mil be called to tile. attention ot the
COmmanding oUicer of the unit or branch to wohich the property
Is released.
*8
•
17·m
Propel1.)' SubJec;1 '" laulrudlopa aac1 Orders of LeAH. - The
LCAH In all cases will take the tollowing steps whenever It Is
necessary to release any property, including tunds, from control
8. In case of United Nations' and Neutrals' properties wr4tten
approval of LPCC will be obtalned.(.... MGR 17-I87b};
b. The proper notation Mil be entered on tbe Repo11' of'
Property Transaction (MGiPCI3), SUch notation will In
elude
(1) Name and address of releasee.
'(2) Bele"'" date,
/3) Rea.on andlor authority for release,
(') ,Any "!.ber Information ~rtalmng to release,
and
(0) SIgnature of LCAH;
Co A written certl.flcate will be securecs 'In triplicate from the
releasee In case of German etc. properties and from quadri
partite of United Nations and Neutrals properties eon
"taIntog • • • .
(1) Property #rial number. desenlptton and IocaUon of
property, and
Ct
(2) ACknowledgement of receipt of property;
In the case of properties ot United Natloru. and Neutrals,
the signed orillinal will be attsdled to the MGIPCI3 reporting
the release and torwarded to the OPCB. The dllPi!eate,
·t~i!cate.....d qllBdrupllcate copies will be retained by the
LPCC, the LCAH, 'and CAH, respect.lvely. In all other _ .
the signed orlgtnal will be attached to the MGIPC13 reporting
Ibe'release and forwarded to the :LCAH. The dupllcale
and triplicate, will be l'Otained by the LPCC and CAB.
respectively.
PART S
PROPEKTlES TO BB CONTROLLED
8BCT10NA
GENERAL
~*
nvL.
U-U'
~ 00IJU00I ~ CIa .,....ldIoa of U",,", AceD.,.. ;.,.
LCAB'a will tab _vol oVer propet'Ues In tbIli, dus after the
Qerman 1 0 _ l 1 l i Qencr or Inatrumentalli7 concerned Is no
Ioopr In existence. LCAH'lI will not flIn!ldae COfttrol when' the
properties are used to boIue or to faeilltate nonnal tunetlODs of
lovernmmt or p\lIIlIc III!l'I1IcH pe:rmlUed ..,.. Mllltal1 Goyemment,
eo ... property occupied ..,. lIIIn\S\ries IIDI1 other deparlments of
~t. and properi.f WIiId u ftre ItaUo.... police ltations,
prisons, pubUc schoolo, and 1IoIpItala.
"
.
,n-UI
,
DocI&rIae of PrImaI7 eoa-a AppUcUle.- laltlallytlie proper
ttes described In ArtIcle I, par. 18, ot MG Law No. &2, ...... the
primary ~cern ot the U. S. Anny. Navy,' or .other brancbe8 ot
Mllltary Government. Rence, LCAH's will take no aeUon with
l"I!.\1Ipect to ...ch properties acept Mth Il*taI authorization of
the Mlftlsterprlsldent coneerned. Unless ,apedfically lnslnleted
bereIn relative to particular types ot property, l.CAB!a ,will el!tab
Usb control In these eases only when:
'
",
a. Directed..,. the MlnIsterpriIsIdent concerned. or In the ease
of _ I ageDdes by the Llnderrat or by Mllltary Govem
,
merit;
i. Whenever directed by the LPCC 11:1 release to LInder govern
,:;m:GI:.'~~31:.~~roPriate
\JVI~ I
, sPeaiae4 PropezV Is ta
be ~ _
thIa CIAa. _ In
adclltlon to the apedfic classes 01 prOperty described InArtlele I.
par. la ot MG Law No. 13, the following properties an to be con.
sldered within thIa eIasB aDd taken Into control onb' wben the
provisions ot MGR 17-310 and ,MGR n·811 an satlalled: .
a. The Ite!c'hsbaIm and other transport faeIllties belonlinl to
, or controlled ..,. the ReIch or any of Its poUtical 1I\lbdI.
visions or municipalities;
b. The post, telegraph, aDd telepbane properties cit the ReIch;
, Co Castles, musewna, llbrarles and, archives:
•
,do UUllUes, monopoUes, public: ....dertaklJigs and pubUc corpo
rations: and, .
."
.
e. Public torests.
.
17-1U
,JariI4Iottoll of
,
8BCT10N B
PROPERTIES OF THE GERMAN BElCH, r..iumER, PRoVINCES,
AND POLITICAL SUBDM$lONS., THEREOF - ARTICLE I
,PAll. 1 (a)OF MG LAW NO. 52
'
J..IIaci.... over
Welumacllt ~. _
• 17·llS.I
Qeuel'aL MG Law No. .M grants to the Land the right to
possession and woe ot all property, both real and personal, sull
able for agricultural purposes or .required lor aecomextatlOD or
settiement of Germans and others, title to which was held by any,
of the following:
'a. The Supreme Command ot the German Anned Forces; the
German AnDy, Navy and Air Forces;
.
b. The SA (StwmabteUllngen), NSKK (NB-Kratttahrkorps),
NSFK (Ns-Fllegerltorps), SS (Sehutzsllal!eln) and SO (SI'
cherbdtsdlenst):
Co The Gennan Belc:b, Its departments 01' agencies, for or In
the Interest ot organizatloaB llsted In INbpars. a. and
b.. above;
~.
'do Juiy "Ulcer ot organJ.utlons llsted uo.der sUibp&.... ~ and
b. <above, In hili 01Dctal capac!t7; and'
.
e. Azly other organJ.ution or person. tor or In the Interest of
~r:~uons or persons llsted under ·...bpars: a., b~ .and
'<
•
n·nu
Control AlreaoIT TUell Over Wehrmllcht Property ta Con
tlaae. -, MO Law No. 54 conveys to the LInder the possession and
woe ot sucb property descr!bed '.Ill MGR 17-813.1 above "as Is suit
able tor agricultural purposes or required tor <accommodation or
settlement of Germans or oth,era". The Law does IIot apply. bow
ever, to property ot this nature which Is now or hereafter IlSed,
oecuplecl, or In the curtody ot the, U. S. OCCIlpational 1 _ or
Mllltary Government. . LCAH's will continue control aln!ady taken
ove,r barracka, bulldlnga, and other properties of the Wehmncht.
17-SIS.1
Control of AdcIlUoaal We~.. ~II'" &lUI LllftwaII'e
Praperties. - All,Webpnacht"Krfegsmarlne. and Luttwatre proper
ties, real or personal; not suitable lor agricultural purposes or
tor accommodetlou or settlernerit under the provisions of MG Law
No. .M. wIil be taken Into euatody by LCAH'. 8ubJect to the' tol
loWIng el<Ceptlona:
'
"
,
a.: 'Property
, GeDerai ante. -, As soon aa grounds therefor appear, LeAH's,
WlU establlJh and maintain PropeM.r: Control over all properties
aa.dellned InMGR'a17-120 and 17-121, awned or cortroUecl,dIrectly
Or lndirectlY, in wbole or in part, by the varlo... categories of
persons WId organizations deserlbed In: Article'I of MO Law No.
U"aCl!pt aa· auperaede<! by MG Law No. 54 with respect to cer
lain categories ot property; the appencllJ: to Control CoWIctl Law
No. 3, 'General order No. 1 and IlUPplements thereto IIIIled pur
'IWUlt to Law, No. 52; the organizations described· by ,MO LaW
No.5, MG Laws NoB. 77' lind 191; Control Counell Laws Nos. 9
and 10. aubJed to the 1lmItations and aceptions atated In Title 17.
MGR. Contral ot Property will a1so be assumed aa provided In
the Law tor Liberation (MOR 24-Il00. and MGR 17-235) as
as grounds appear. and IUcb contral will be retained until a final
dectsloft, Is rendered.'
. , '
b. The agencr baYIng primary concern has completed Its mia
aIon' or taaIc In c:onnectIon thereWIth and has so Indicated 111
writing to the LCAH;
.'
Co, The agenq bIwing primary COllc:em has indicated thet Its
Interest In the properi.f has ceued; or '
do Tho agencr baYIng primary concern bas releaaed the proper~
,i7. or bail fIn'IIDjIed tor Its tranater to Property ControL
It-IU
'
held or
beina
w;ed
by the U. S. OCCIlpaUonal,
forces; and
'
II. ' Property beld or being w;ed by other br....cbes or divisions,
of MWtary Government.
'
,
.
17-111.1
POwer ta' BepIn PMleulOII a-rved.
Mllitar;. Government
reserves the power to regain possession or otherwise assume con·
trol over any properties transferred to the LInder under the
Law;, LPCC's will not uen:t"" this pOwer without the 8peclftC
authorli7 ot the CPCB.
'
17-SlU
Report. from Ua4er. - The Under government will be r"..
qulred to lIlmish the reports on all' properties subject to MG
lJa,w NO• .M, whether or not suitable tor agricultural purpoies or
required tor' a<:eoIIUnOIlation or aitlement of Germans. LCAH'lI
WIll forward oopy of auch reports to: otrice ot ChIef, Properly
Control Branc:b, FInance DIvision. The report will constitute the
bub for dIlectlves from the CPCB autho:rlz:lng LCAJra to establish
control over milltM7 properties of the German Reich or the .In
eome derived from their u.se.
.
�,
SECTION C
PROPERTIES 01" ENEMY STATES OTHER THAN OEIWAHY.
- ARTICLE I PAR. 1 (II) 01" MO LAW."O. 52
17. . .
•
Oeaef.aIe ..... .-: VnW .turtber pmmuJ.caUODI are IINId by
· MUitary Government, LCAH', wlll. on17 eotablllb and' malntalr•.
control Ofti' sueb properties delcrlbed In Article I, pal' 1 (II), 01
MO Law No. 52 B8 are owned or eontroI1ed by \.be follooIrlnI na_
or Utelr naUonala:
a. BulgarIa,
b, HUDII81'7,
e. Ital;y,
cI. .Japan. and
e.
SECTION Q
PROPERTIES OF AlISENTEE OWNERS:- ~CLE I PAR. 100
01" 1110 LAW No. 52
·n.,..
17-aet
AII1ed Proputy. - LeAH', wlll esllibllllb control over properties
oWned or eontrolled by all AUled sovernments or nationals thereof,
wIIetber found abandoned' or In; the poaeulon 01 C\I8IodIau.
LCAll'a wlll consult and follow lutrudiou of LPCCa 01:1 all
perUoent .....tters affeetlnI the maintenance of control over 10
clustrIal and commen:!al properileo belOl1llol 10 AJ1Ied lO\'eI'DInenW
.,.. their naUonala.
Rumania:.
8IlCTIOH D
PROPERTIES 01" HSllAP, NSDAP ORGANIZATIONS' AND
NStlAP OFFICIALS AND MJ!:MBERS ARTICLE I
·PAR. 1 (cl 01" MG LAW NO. 52 AND APPENDIX TO CON
TROL COUNCIL LAW NO. 2
SECTION B
ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES :... ARTICLE I PAR. 1(1) 01"
.
IIIG LiAW.No. 112
I......a
17-a70
• a - . I I'ollq. :....; LCAH's will establish and ma,lnlBln control
over aU properUs, B8 dlrecIed by the LPCC, to be llaken Into
Property COnbol .LCAH', are encouraged to forward recommen
dations 10 the LPCC, specltylng properties DOl presently eovered
In MGI!. 17·300 above whleh they believe should be taken under
eontrol (see'General Order No. I),
11·.11
HSDAP Beadqurienllllll
Party Of&oa. - LCAH.. will
Immedlate17 eotablllb and. maintain eontrol over NStlAP Head
quarten and Ioc:a.l Party ottI-. and propertIea 01 OrpnlsaUoDl'
and a88OClatioDl COJUrolled by Ute NSDAP, B8 ""-Ibed In Ar
ticle I, pal' 1 (e). of MG Law No. 52 and the appil!lldbr 10 Control
Council Law No. 2 10 Ute ntent not excluded by other parqrapba
from the ooeratlon 01 LCAH'a.
'17-W
BIIt.oltlblbed l'I>IIq DIl ~ of Property U...... Ia .
lafOl'lllAloloa OonflooL - Certain prvperUes used for ~g
Information (1IUc:b lUI new_per plants, publishing houses,
dIG
stations, thea ten) are wbject. Ii> particular OMGUS nrdera.
Ith
respect to th_ prvpertles, spedJle Iostruetlons .118 to
property under control, and Parttcular c:uatodlans to be appointed,
wlll be fumlsbed by the LPCC to the' LeAH. Such properties wlll
not be·released to persona exo.neraled under the Law for IJberatlon
without wrltIen <:pproval 01 Infonnatipn Control Dlvllllon.
ProJH>riT of NSDAP. otrlelaIo I11III II.....
LeAH'. will
immediately eotablllb. and maintain eontrol
property at
NStlAP offlcla1B and members or wpporten Included In blacldlsta
or In accordance with Law for IJberaUon from NaUonal Soclal.lcn
and MIll~ ~r otherwtae oPecWed by MIlltarJ Government.
LCAH's will not exerclse eontrol 'over their _ttal furnllure,
· clothing, or. other personal e!!eda unIeu these have. In fad been
obtained through dlU'ell8, looUng, or eo~tIoD.
. 17-SIt
•
.
Doctrine at f'IimUo7 CoDOmI ~ (0 IIIdutiiaI _d Oom•.
JIII8t'daI Property ot NSOAP. .,.. The lnrtructlona staled In .MOlt
17-311 above will be applled In cases retatlng to indusU1a1 anel
commerclal enterprlJlea owned or Controlled by the NStlAP anol
organIzaUons and a88OCIaUons Controlled by It.
.
'
.
over
17-''71
I'Nper$)' 01 P e _ -..e.J Vllder ·110 Law Ho... - Such
•proporty Is 1Ub.!l!ct to MG Law No. 82, Artlcle II. par. 45 01 0<meraI
Order No. 1 (_ SectIon Ill) whleb provides that prvperty 01 aU
persons removed from public or private office or poaltiOD by
MIlltarJ Government abaJJ be subject. to lIIG Law No. lI2. The
cIec:IsIon as to whether tbIa properly abaJl be plaoed under' control
depends on the clrc:umatances 01 each caae. Where deemed appro
priate, the LCAH will take sucb property under control.
n-m
•
DAF Property. - LCAH's wlll eatahl1sh and maintain control
over properiles at the DAF (l)eQtae!Ie Arbellllfront), 'l'be DA:I'
propertIea Include banks, Insurance companies, pub1lablnl be.
bouaIl)& and building companies, theaten, abIpbuIIdInC companies,
~ hoteJs, food produclng and proceasJn,c plants In retaU out·
lets, and other properties. The DAF properties.....,... operaled by
buge vertJeal corporations. Ownerab1p was ecntralJ%ed and author·'
ity emanaled from a alngle central eource•.
n-IN
n-HI
LCAH',; .....
.DetaIDed PewaU.. th the ~ of the Li'CC'a,
prcperty ""copt fuml
ture, clotb!:li. or olber peraonal effects of ~ detaIoed or
held In llUStody by Military Gover:tlmellt.
· are autboNed to exerdaecontrol over all
n·m
..'
.
Ez_ 01 Control·. Local ~ - Whether Pr0p
erly Control wlll be exen:lJled depends on the ~ 10
each case, ouch u the political oIiara<!ter of the penon detaloed
or held 10 custody, nat!D'8 01 'the c:m.rse or aocuaatlon leading to
the detention, nature Of the properly ......,ed or controlled by him,
period of. detentton, and other perUbent data. In each. ca.se tbIs
determioatton will be made tIuough. the LCI\H. by the LPOO
after consultation with the MO Lera1 officer, local CIC Detad>
:en~
=.;:rta~r detalnIslg ageGC7 wbIC!1 wlll
:::"..:.::e:l
n·H1
.
PerMIIIIl ~P-aI17~
LCAH'. wlll not exerclse any con trol over the furaitul'e, c:Iotb.In8.
and other· peraonal effects IJIOII ne<:e11118r7 for dally UJe of the
detalned person unless th""" bave In ~act been obtained tb:lOU8/l
d,:,"""" IooUns. or cootlsoaUon.
. ,
Fandtaft, CtotbIos, _
SECTIOH F
PROPERTIES OF DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED ORGANI
ZATIONS - ARTICLE I PAR I(e) OF MG LAW No. 112
•
11-150
Dodrloe 01 Prtm&ry CoDOmI Applies. -.The.1nstnletIoa staled
In MGR 17·311 above wlll IUIde LCAH'. with regard to~ aJIPU
oatlon ot Control over the funds, aec:ounts, records and other
property of. any organhaUons or a88OCIaUons IUIpeIlded or dis
solved by MIlltarJ Government.
n-Ul
LOOTED PROPERTY
Orp..........
. La... S_dInI or DIaoIvtn&' V........
LCAH'. wlll reter to General Order No. I, MG Law No. S, Control
COundJ Law No. 2,.and other MG laws for ioformatloD eoneemJnI
the organIzaUons and aaoeI&tIou.~· or dIMOIved by
llll11tarv Government.
"7
SECTlON.1
,ARTICLE 1 PAR. 2 OF MG LAW No, 52 .
17,.
·
UIIIlIoD Aothtty 10 0peraU0n ot DAF ~ - LOAll'. wlll
take control Oft!' all DAF properties located .In their respeetlve
areas. They wlll llODtlQue the operation Of all operetinl proper
tics 01 DAF and eonsult from time to time with the approprtole
repretenleUvea 01 other branebes Of Mlll.tary GoftmmAmt 'baviD8
an 'Ioterest In these p~perUes 81.Idl 118 MaaPoww, FInance,
Industry, Transpol:1atlon, and Tr:lde. and 0i:Immer0e.. If.certaIn
prvper1iles are eontmued In operation It Is the ~lIty of the
LCAH to denazI.fy the pel'llClmlel. and _
all a:mneetion.wlth
the former DAF.
' .
SBO'l'lOH B . •
PROPER'l'mS 01" DETAINED PEBSONIS - 'A.a'l'ltlLE I PAR. 1 (d)
.
.
01" MO LAW NO. U.
H..........
A~ I"roPeii7 of, aer
LCAH', wlll
eotablllb conbol over abandoned property belO111101 to German
nationals, whether web pmaona are lnalda or outalde of Germany,
or where ouch propeny would otherwise come wltbJn tIie seope
· of MOil. 11-1100 above.
a - . I ...... :.. Exeept as Otherwise provided In MOR 17-381
below. LeAH', wlll establllb and malntaln control over property
obtained through d _ lootinl, or eon&catlon.
17-W
W..... • t JUt. .•.: LCAB', wlll exerc!.8e· control oVer ...,~ of
. . wbeD there ~ _
to believe that th""" represent a .clear
c:.ue of loot or CODfIaeatIon, cIbIpoosessIon or spoliation and where
CUIIocIy and controJ Is not exerclsed by Monuments, FIne ArIa and
ArchIveaottlcers, 118 provided under TIUe 18, MOR.
.
17-SU
.......... ~ Depodtory. Property obtained through
d~ looting or ·oonflacatlon. whieb I. DOW or hereafter pIKed
In the custody of the Foreign Exebanse DepoaItory, wlll not be
subject to the provlsl.ons 01 tbIa· TlU..
PART' .
nNAHCIAL A8SnB AND 0TIIBa 8I'BCIAL pRGPEBTD18
.
. SECTION A
~ANCIAL ASSETS
FIDIIDdaI ...... Detiaed 0eaer1IL - The term "1Inanclal8lllle1a"
lncludea both German and other currendes, ltod<.I, bonds, and
other aecurttles, c:erWlcalel of depoSit or :receipts therefor, checkl,
dralts, and bUia of exc:bange, warehouse receipts, bUia of lading
. bank boob evldenclng clalma alalnst banks, postal, Idl:o or other
money orders, latlers 01 credit and other commercial paper, gold
and diver col.,., sold, Bilver, and platinum buIIlon or aIIOYI In
·bulllOl> form, and jewcla.
.
"-401
FIUaGIIII ...... 10 Germuy SabJe>c& (0 IIQ La.. Ne..51 DefIDe4
~ Asseja). FInancial aasets subject to, MO
Law No. 51 Include the following:
·
a. CUrrency other than German curreney; bank bal.ancet 0fI1- •
lI1de Gcnnany: and cheeD, drafta, bUia otexebanlle or other In- .
_ents· Of payment. drawn on or lsIIUed by perlOns outa\4e
GermabY;
.
b. Gold or lilver eoln, or gold, Bilver or platLnum bullion or
alloys thereof In .bulUon form: .
e. My securities or other evidences Of ownerablp IJrlndebted- .
n_.baued by penIODa outside Germany. and securities or oijter
evidence 01' ownerabIp or Indebtedn.... lsIIUed by per80tU In Ger
'many l! expressed or payable .In c:urreney other than German
currency.
'
, d. ClaIms and any evidence thereof owned or held ,by ~
(1) My peraollll In Germany qanist any peraonsoutslde
Gcnnany whether expreaed In· German or other cur-'
rene;y,
.'"
.
(2) My. _ n In German;. agalmt any other penon In .
GermI.n7 If expressed In a -cuneney other than German
CIIrnIIIey,
(3) My penon outside GermI.n7 agoJnat another person
outside Gcnnany In which clIIlin a penon In Germany
bBB any Interest;
4FonIp
JULY 1949
�PROPf.f< IY \.iUN I t"(UL
•
e. Such other proPerty a's may' b~ determined by Milltary Gov
~rnment
to be a foreign e:xchange asset.
11·401.1
11·428
Cla.Itru tor Resmullon.
LCAH's are directed to eonsult In
these cases with the LPCC's pending the Issuance ot instructions
trom OMG US for h~ndHng c~a!m.s lor"·restitution.
11-421
, Procedure.
n. When the properties ot any' person subject to MO Law
No. 52- arc tnken into custody, those asset3 whIch are foreign -ex
change assets. as defined hi MGR 17-401,' will nol be laken into
Property Control custody but will be forwarded by the CAH to the
LPCC through normal' channels' in the case at United' Nations or
Neutrals nropertles and to ,the LeAH In the case at German pro~
pecties', The LPCC or LeAH, upon receipt of foreign exchange
assets, will deposit them in a safe deposit box of the nearest Land
Central Bank for safekeeping. The Land Central Bank will pre
pare such torms
- class ot assets;.
8S
are necessary under MG Law No.
~3
tor this
o. With respect to the remainder ot the property taken into
custody, belonging to the same individual, wlUch i. subject to MG .
Law No. 52 but not MG Law No. 53, the CAH will tollow through
with the -usual procedure for t.a.ting. property under control, aJ
pre;cribed in pars. 20 through 22.3, OMGUS AG.letter 010.6 (FD),
25 !-'eb 47, subject. Property Control Accounting and Auditing
Procedures, and'Legal Forms. For example. a CAB may take ioto
,',custqdy a buslnes-s which .owns, among other assets, stocks ot
. subsidiaries in countries other than Germany. The stocks of.
toreign subsidIaries in such case will be torwarded to the LPCC or
LCAH [or disposition prescribed by MQ Law No. 53, and the
remainder ot the' assets belonging to the business will be' taken
Into property control custody in the usual manner.
'
Use by Former Owner. - LeAH's may permit the use ot these
propertIes by the original ecclesiastical owners pending their
ultimate disposition. LeAH's will collect rental Or other compen~
&otton for the u,sc 01 such properties or maY,Bt the recommendation
of the Education and Religious Affairs officer, through the LPCC t
deter (but not waive) payment ot compensation untU ultlmate dJs,.
position is' made.
SECTION D
PnlISHABLE PROPERTY AND PROPERTY SUBJECT TO
. DETERIORATION
n-430
'.' S"I. Authorised. - The LeAH wW authorize or dir.. t .tho
custodian. manager. or operating agent to provide the ".ale of
property;
... Whenever pertshable property hu been taken Wlder control;
b. After concurrence from Interested branches of MilitarY
Government. whenever property taken under control 1s 8ub
~~~~et~ detE!'rioratio~ or sub~la..nUal ~epredationt, Or .1081 of
e. Whenever the cost of the upkeep or maintenance ot non;:.
income prodUcing property wH1 in Ume am'ount to a sum
equal to the' value of the property;
,"',
ot the Land Min!sterprilsident, or the
'appropriate dvJl authorities in tD:! case ot Brunen. Weser
milnde and Berlin S..tor, aDd Wi~h ·lbe approval of CPCB.
d. Upon recommendation
17·402
. Flnanel,,1 A..ela nol Sub'jecl to MQ Law No. 51 assets not subject to· M9 Law No. sa, are those classes
speCified in MGR 17-400, which do not represent torelgn
asse13 as detined in MGR 17-401.1 but are subject to
No.· 52.
.
Financial
of assets
exchange
MG Law
11-~Z-1
•. Frocedore.
a.. CAH's wili deteri'nir;'e wheth~r or not such financial assets.
are being' used or arc capable ot being used in connection- with
'a property taken into controt which is c1assifled 85 an operaUlli
~~~~r~~~:~/l~:~~p~nbl~~tR~i~"~ l~:~d !~ ~~~n~~~i~~ia~i~~S:~r~:
•
or business. they 'may be held at any place of satekeepinit utilized
by the business for similar assets,' such as a safe, vault, sal.
deposit. b,ox, etc., and will be subJecCto use by the custodian;
b. It the financial' assets, otht'!r than cash. are .seized in con
nection with a property taken into control which is classified as
an other income producing or a non-income producing, as defined
in r.:rGR 17.. 119 b and c~ respectively, and are not required to be
used by the custodian in connection with the operation or upkeep
at the remainder of the property. such assets will be deposited by
the CAH in a safe deposit box of a bank and will be subject to
withdrawal by the CAH only. The rentar on the safe deposit box
will be paid by the custodIan J1 there Bre tunds in' connectlon with'
the property; otherwJse, payment for rental will be effected as
prescribed In MGR 11-521.3. II such asse13 are required by·th"
custodian in the operation or upkeep of the property: they may
be. held at any place ot satekeeping utilized by the custodian lor
this class of' assets, Cash taken tnto control in connection with
such property will.be governed by the procedures p~scribed in
pars. 30 through 32, OMGUS AG letter 010.6 (FD). 25 Feb 47, sub
Ject, "Property Control Accounting and Auditing Procedures, and
Legal Fonns";
, .
.
,
c, It property subject fo MG Law 52 consists solely of ftnanclal
assets, or cash and financial assets:, such property will oot be taken
into Property Control but will be deposited in n blocked account
in any banking institution. Such property will thereatter be sub·
ject to blocking control only. (See MGR 11-125(e»
n·403.
Currency, Abandoned by or :capJnred freHD Enemy ForceL
Currency abandoned by 'or captured from enemy forces' generally
,constitutes "booty" according to ru.1es of land warfare. CAM's will
not take such curreocy into Property Control. but Will tum it over
to <l U, S. Army Disbursing officcr for disposition. If not accept~
able by a U, S. Army Disbursing ofl1cer such currency should be
delivered to the Currency Section. ForeIgn Exchange Depository,
OMGUS (Rear), APO 751, again.s( receipt.
d
"
17-405
. ,r
.d
.n
Valid Curnney Abandoned by Munlclpalllle5.
LPCC's or
LeAH's will deposit valid currency abandoned by a municipaJity"
or by any other governmental subdivision or body, which may
come into their possession or the posseszo:;ion 01 Military Govern
ment. In the nearcst branch of the Land Central Dank or approved
alternate bank to the credit ot the'municipality.
' .
SECTION B
DEPOSITS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS,
OTHER ACCOtiNTS IN
POS,T OFFICES, BANKS, AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTI
TUTIONS,. BEAJUNG RELATION TO PROPERTY UNDER
CONTROL.
AND
It
n
de
or
:d
17·410
. Acconnb J)rependent on or Rel&ted.to Prope'rty under ControL
When LeAH's establish control over property they will also estab
lish control over any and aU accounts maintained in connection
with, tfle property.
.
17·411
~de
:ur
t
1n.
.nan
Charges agJJ..nsl Control AcooQD.ta. - Charges agafnst control
accounts lor allowable expenditure may be made subJect to the
restriction. ot MGR 17-520 through MGR·17-524.
SECTION C
FORMER .. RCCI ,)SIASTlCAL..£ROPERTY
n-431
Treatment of Proceri.t from' Sate.. Proceeds from sales
authorlzed in MGR 11-430, above, Will be treated In the following
manner. Where the property Is related to a business enterprise.
the CAR will deposlt lbe [Wlds r....ved In such account. and
depositories as are customarily mBlnt~ned on behalf of the
business. Where the property 1.S related to or represents a property
other than· that 01 • bustness enterpri'e, he Will deposit the funds
~n the Land Central Deposllcrry in the same manner as surplus
. lunds, a. prescribed in par. 32, OMGUS AG letter 010.6. (FD), 25
Feb 47, subject, Property Cont.rol Accounting and Auditing Pro
cedures. and Legal Forms. In the latter ease•.he will alS() enter
proper notation on the Record of Property Transaction. (MG/PC 3),
With the circumstance. pertaining to the .ale, and forward thl.
form together with related correspOndence to t~.. LPCC In the
ca.e ot· Urtited Nations and Neutral8propertles. or to the LCAH
in the case of German properUes. who will prepare a Reccipt
Voucher (MGIPC 4) In the manner presCribed In par. 34, OMGUS
AG letter 010.6 (FD), 25 Feb 47, subject, Properly Conlrol Accounting
and Auditing Procedure'; and Legal Fo"",••
PART 5
INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION A
GENEI>AL
17 -Il00
CUltotUana. ' - The LCAH.' will not act as trustee or receiver.
. nor manage ,property except through a custodian. manager, or
operat.'in.g agent, W'ithout written authority from the LPCC. In
general, custodians, managers, operating agents and other per
sonnel will be retained subject to the prOvisions of denazification
laws, regulations, and directives (see Title 24, MGR).
11~501
Application or Control Must be Be_nable. - LCAH's will do
what is reasonable, depending on the circumstances ot each case.
They will not exercise control over properties not import.ant or
valuable enough to warrant C'OntroL 1he nature of the property,
the neoressity lor rontrol, and its condition, va.lu~, O'W'nernhip, and
income-producing capa.city are factors to be considered tn deciding
whether the property is important or valuable enough to warrant
control. This decision will be made by the LCAH. The LeAH
will reter doubtful or border-line cases for detern1ination by the
LPCC.·
. ,
n·501
Elemeulan' Guld..: - LeAH's will;
8. E:mploy as many civilians' as are deemed necessary to carry
out Property Control function within strength authorized and lund
allotments (1n this regard CIl'" will be taken to oomp1y with MG
Law No. 8J;
b. Co'nsult with ~unctiona1 oUlcers and representatives of
agencies intcrested In the aperation ot business enterprises taken
under control;
,
c. Continue existing aocountirig systems of operating properties
It .aUsladory (LeAH will change ."""unllng .ystem only upon
written authority from· thc,LPCC).
'
17-503
CoordlRallon ••,,' L1a.ioon. wllh Otber Arend..,
17·50U
N..,.....lty tor CoordlnlOUon. - It wOI be noted !!hat a relationshi.p
exJsts between certain Property Coolrol activity nnd the work
ot t:t.e U, S. oecupattOllal ron."Cs and other branches ot -Military
Government. The exercise of control over certain properties may
affect '-'he operation of SpeCialist ottlct!rs and agencies in other
tields, and to that extent have an interest in the manner -in which
Property. Control dealJi with such propertle., Many \11m.' the
5'Uooess.ful. mmntenance of control over property depends on the
•••Istao<:e of out.a!de oUl<:<ml and a/fencl...
17·50IJl
Be~ldp. ~med.
LPcC'. wlll malnt";n n"""....ry
liaJ.son and coordination with tne following, and ot,her officers nnd
agencies concerned:
s-,
�PROPERTY CONTROL
a. 'l."he Economic Dlvlldon In reca:d to overall policies on
lndwrtrlal producUon, overall economic controla over ,prices,
rationing and dlstrtbution of commodltles and ..-v:t
agriculture, forests and flBheries:
'
b. Local CIC Detacbmenia and Public Safet:y Spedal Brancbes
In rega:d to denazWcation of per8OJmel" securing propert;y
l1\1onnatloo, and appointing CWltodIlUlIIl
,
Co Provost Marsilall 88, to protection of properI:IeI 'againal.
UeI\P8811 by troop.:
d. 0-:& personnel 88 to white and blaek I!sta:
e. Corp. of Engjneera and Town Majors 88 Ii> requ1.a!t.Iaalq
proper17
mllItIUy use;
,
•
f. Legai personnel i.n ease of doubt as to authortty In IID7
apeclfie case;
,
g. Monummts, FIne AHa and Arcblves (MFA " A) perllOlUlel
for Informallon on art ....orks and archive. which may "" :
'taken under Proper17' Cootrol pu:rsuant to MaR 17-380 '
(LPCC's are authorized to post Notl_ of Custody (Form
MOl:PCl) on NpOllItorIes and .to.rage p\aces of art works
and archIves, when apeclfIcally requested by MFA " A 01.
ficers). TbeseNotices will be removed as soon u adequate
tlrotecUon and security have been establlsbed by the MFA
" A ~,(see MOR 11-230);
•
h. Finance personnel In regard to overall financial polieles, the
application of MO LBw No. 53 and the a,ppllcatlon of blO'Ck
Ina COII1roia under MO Law No. &2.; Foreign Exchange
Depository;
,
I. Manpower and Labor -personnel. In regard to the use and
operation of DAF property: .
j. Education and Relllllous AHairs personnel In regard to the
maintenance of control -over former eecletllaatical and
educational 'propertz, _d liaison and coordination WIth
Education and Reltllous,AHain personnel co~ eehool
property and problems;,
;
,
"
k. Tranaportatlon personnel inrega:d to tlrovldJ.ng 1ranaport
facUlties, for the operation and CWltody of property;
l Public Wellare personnel In regard to the use and operation,
01 the property of the Nazi Party welfare organizations: and
LCAH In regard to overall policies pertainIJ:ig to Propert:y
. ,Control functions of Gennan civilian authorities:
for
.n.
•
•
17·1I0U
1110 PersouDe! In the Field. ' - Mmtary [JaJson Deta~
will enter the Property Cootrol funcUon onlY In an emergeDC1
,when their asslslance ... requested by the CAB or requested by
the Land Property Control Office represented In the field.
Scream, of Civilian l'Usonnel Empl~ by LPCC'a aad
LCAB'.. - LPCC'. and LCAB'. will be beld reaponslble for seeing
that full investigation and screening Is completed at, the earliest
posslbl.e moment to determine the ellIclency and 'reliability of
custodians, managers, operating agents, and other personnel em
ployed In c:onnecUon with the maintenance of control over
property. ,
'
,
,
n-u:&
N....·Iaoo_ Produelnr 1'ropedIea.'- Tbe tenn, normal expen
ditures WIth reaped to non-Income produc1ng properties Includes
the, classiia of expenditures spec1fted for other Income produc1ng
properties In MGR 11·I12U, above, exeept that such expenditures
will be limited to the amount of property funds taken Into custody
With the property. If there are no funds, under control. In con-'
nectlon with such property, or If .uch funds bave, been exhausted,
CAB's will arrange with the 10001 Gennan II"vernment for the
payment of those expenses necet!S817 to prevent deter:toratlon of
the properly•. Tbe lacaI German II"vemment will keep a record
of such expenditures paid on account ,of each non-Income pr0
ducing property. Tbe accumuleted expenditures constitute a lien
against the property until such proper17 Is either returned to Its
rlghttul owner or othe'rwtae dIaposed of, In which eaae the lia
btllt:y will be Ilquldated.
l': .. AI
E:dnordlaar,r ~_ ProblblCe4. - under no circum
stances will LCAH's pennlt custodians, managers, and 'operating
agents to Incur ex1raordinar;r or unusual expenditures such as
caPital Improvements, purcbaae of aaaets such as land, buildings,
eqUipment Or machinery WIthout specIfle approval of the LPCC
'In the cue of Ulllted Nations and Neutrals properties and of, th~
LCAB iii the case of ~ properties,
11·.
Nepllatfons of, x-... PenDUted. .:.- LCAH's may authome
cuatodlana, managers, and operating agenta to' negotiate loans
through the local linanc.ta1 institutions for the payment of authorlz
ed expendltura. Tbese loans Will be char~e solely against
the proper17 or Income thereof. CAB'. Include a statement of ex
·p1anatlon and justl1\catlon on the l!.eport of Property TransacUOIU
(M01PCI3) whenever such loans are negotiated. ,PrIor permission
must be obtained In' writing froID the LPCC In case' ot Ulllted
, ~atlo,!" .!':'~_Neutrals property.
now
81W1'10N B
FEES OF CUSTODIANS
17·1110
'
. '
'_ _nable Fees. - Fees paid to custodians, managers, operating
ngenta and other persollDeI. employed by LCAH'. WIll be reason
able and consistent with local compensation standards established
. for the llrea. When a trustee handles more than one property and
his total compensation on a fee basis Is exceptionally large, he
lIhould be placed on a reasonable salar;r.
,17·&11
lnereaslJlr Pea ProhlblCe4. - When: LeAH's retain existing
custodians, managers, or operating agents of proper;tles taken under
control, they may ,authorize the payment of the, exIBtIllB ....le of
fees, If r e 8 ! l O D a b l e . ,
•
17·1111
F_ Part of OperaUna' ~, - Fee. of cu~todlana,
managers, operating agents, auditors, and other per80Jmel employed
by LPCC'. and LCAH's, ueludlng personnel who are direct em
ployees In Propert;y Control Ol!IC<!B, will be treated In the roame
manner as current operating, eXpenses, and will be plild out of
Income derived ,from the operation or use of the property.
'
Fees are to be charged agalns! eael.·lnd\3.1dual property and not
as a fIIngle charge -agalnst all properties under one custodian. Such
lees will be shown as expenses on financial statements appropriate
to the property Involved.
81W1'10N C
'EXPENDITUIlES
, n·5H
Normal Espendllores Author1se4. - LCAH'B will authorize
CUlltodlans, managers, and operating agenls to make such norm~
expenditures .s are reasonably neeeB3lll'1 to preserve, proted, an
operate the property under controL
'
17-11%1
Normal ExPendllores DellnecL - With respect to Income pro- '..•
ducing properties, "normal' expenditures" comprise all operating
, expen.... Ineldenllal to a reasonable operation of the property,
17·521.1
OperaU.a& Propenl.: - Tbe tenn "normal expendliures" with
respect to opera1lng, properties, 88 defined In M;Ol!. 17-1108, tn
, eludes all expenditures Incidental to the normal operation of the
property, Including expenditures for raw ma1erials, goods, for
resale, labor, taxel, fees of cuatodllUlll, repatn, rent, oll1ce _ _
IDllUrance premiums. ete. Tbe upOmdItures of a buaInesa enler
prise will In all eases conform to the limitations Imposed by Ar
ticle 4, MO Law No. 111 In the ,ease of partnerships alid IIJII1e
proprietorships, a reasonable amouQ\ payable to the OWIIera of ..
property and their families, not to exaeed the maximum allowed
by General License No. 1; will aiso be oansIdered a· normal
expenditure. '
,
n·m..
to the iuatn.tenance and up-keep of the property, IUCh &I ordID.ar,.
tea of
cuatodlans, etc. Tbe expenditures of an other tncome prodUc1ng
properly will In all' cases oooform to the limitation impoaed by
ArtIcle " 1110 Law No. &:a. A reasonabl.e amounl payable to the
owners of a proper17 and their family, nol to exceed the maximum
aI1awed by Qeaenl License: No.1, will alae be CIOnsIdered. a normal
apendltun.
CuatodIana, JII8.D&IIImI, and operating lIlienta will nol Incur, In
JID.1 month; expenditures which will e:xeet4 the Income of the
proper17 for thai month without a specIt1c prior sppzvval for.ucb
expenditures from the LPCC In the cue of, Ulllted Nations an,d
Neutrals properties and from the LCAB In the cue of Qeman
properties. Sueh approval will be obtained by the most expe
ditious means and need not be In writing. However, the LCAHwIll
keep a record of such approval, with reasons therefor, and, In tot
W1I.l'dlng IID7 custodian financial report (MG{PC/5/F) which ahow8
an excess of expenditures 1D Income, will note In the Indot1lOJDel1t
the ""use of IlUcii ext:elS and the reason for having lllven 8PP1"?val
..repairs, lUes, wages' of earetaken, lnaurance prem\UIII8,
.
Other lnoome ProIIucln,PropertIea. _ Tbetenn "I:Iotmalexpen
dltures" WIth respect to other Income prodUc1ng properties, &I
defined In MOl!. 17-11Db, Includes aeeeIaar.1 apendltura IncldeDtal
58
tI......thorUed tlse of I'lmdL - Cuatod.IarU. will not' be penn1tted
to expend the funds of One proper17 on other properties, unIeu ,
'both properties In question are owned by the same person. The'
tenn ~same person" In the sense of this provlalon means the same
uD8tura1~ or' -Juridical perSon"" such as an individual, corporate
entity, etc., and does not Iluthorlze, for example, the expenditure
of funds belonging to one .cubdIvIslon or agency of the ReIch on
property belonlllng to an unrelated lIUbdlvlalon or agenq of the
Reich,
'
n·528
'1.0l.11li to lndlvl.d ...... FlmII·or PabUc Authorilla. - Under DO
cirtumstances will property, funds be'used as a source for ad.
vanc1ng loans to individuals; tirms, or public authorltiel, unle.ss
the property Is operallng In the capacity of a financial institution.
PAJ1T 6
PHOPEaTll' ai:coaoS, COURT AND LBOAL FOBMII
SIW1'ION A
GERMAN' PROPERTY RECORDS
,17·600
Qeaersl LPCC's and LCAH'. will famlllerize themselves
, with, the documents and recorda dlsCUlIIIed below, for they turnlsh
the primary source of Information concerning property In Ger
many. A ,knowledge of where these documents may be and what
they conWn will fac1lltate the work of LPCC's and LCAH's and
enable, them to answer detailed inquIrIes on any property In their
areas,-
,
17-101
Oranclbucb. -::
11-6OL1
Conlellta aa/I Loealloa. - ' Tbe Orundbuch (Land Rellster)
usually be found at the Amtsgerlcht or In the town hall or In '
c:ustOdT of the Bezirkmotar, Thls nicord ... Il register ot tltle, and
contains descriptions 01 all properties In the area, the various
1ntere81s beld therein, and .,ther essential data, arranged according,
to location of proper17,
' , ,
'
will
11-110U
ClnuldakIea. - Entries In the Orundbuch are made from papers
ea1ted Grundakten which are prepared ~ the Amtarlchter or the
Bezh'ksnotar and tUed with the ·Grundbucll. When these papers
pre prepared, the purcbaaer either retains a eerWIed copy of the
orlg1Dal deed or receives e cerWled. abstract of the title or the
rlllbt.
INIOI,
""
,
PenaeIl-_~.
There II al.rO a PersOnen-ReIll.tei- which
I. II cross Index of the Gruodbucb lU'I'lUIeed accordJ.ng to the name
of the owner. Thla record contains the owner'. address, references
to IID7 mortgages ageIn,JI. the property, nghta of way and ease
ments, and the page number of the Gruodbuch entry. The Per
IOnm-Regiater will ordlllllrlb' be found at the Oru.ndbucllamt In '
theAmtqertcbt.
-
�I
• ''''.
-,1'"
17-8O!
Nolar. - In all cases where a Nolar Ib'afted a
or any
paper alrec:tlng IIUe to real estate, he has retained a copy of the
Grundakten. It will be possible to draw conclusions on UUe from
tbe lUes of the local NOIar In many cases where the Gnmdbuch
and Orundalden. are I1I1ssIng or have been. destroyed. ,The NOIar
a1ao drafted contracta and Instrumen.ta convoying Inletesta In per
sonalty and commercial property.
,
"
,
17-84M
BaadetHests...... - The Handelsreglater (Trade Ilegla!er' wtll
usna1Iy be found at the Amtagerlcht In an, oUlce separate from the
Grundbuch. ThIs re<:ord III an otftclal regls!er on ,COIIUnerclal
trarlJJacttons. primarily containIng articles of incorporation and
formation data on partnerships, assocla lions. and olher com
binations for trade and Industry. It alao conlalns references to ,the
appointment of admlnlstratora for enemy-owned undertaklna.
deed'
Baadelsbmmer. - The Handelskammer (local chambers of
Industry and commerce), whleh, enjoy an' oUlclal statu. In Ger
many, often have information concerning dOClllllents affecting title
to commercial ~d Industrlal properUes:
11-608
,llelcliskOmm.- ~ die BellaadIIUlI fdD4Uchea Vermiiceas. '
17041("1.1
J
Admlntsln.U.... of Cerial.. Eut:niy Property. - Many proper
ties belonging to AllIed governments and nationals thereof were
placed under the supervlaloD of the Itelchlkommlssar t!Ir die Be
handlung te!ndllcben Verm6gens (The Ilelchs Commissar for
handllng Enemy Prope::ty).. The otftce of the llelchskommLssar
was concerned prlmarlly with enemy realty, Industrial enler
prlses, patents and cop~ghts, ShillS and shipping companies,
17-608.1
_med III ObulUtdesPrichl. - Such property was recorded
In the Itelchsltommlssar'. office (Ioealed In the Ilelch Minlstery of
justlce In, Berlin) and alao In the files of the Oberlandesgerlcht
having ju.r\sdlctlon over the property.
17-608.1
Actmiallln.to.... - Such property was administered by Ver
walter (special administrators) whose duties Included the prep.
rallon of Inventories. lrivestlgatlon of bank accounts, and Ihe
maintenance of books. The V_alter also submitted periodical
reports. financial statemenls and Annual Final Iteports to the
Itelehskominlssar ilnd the Oberlandesgerlcht.
'
•
17-60...
Jaris4lcUoa of O.......lUtIIescerlcbl. - The Oberlandesgerleht
havIng JUrisdiction over the property appointed the Verwalter.
fixed theIr tees. defined their powers and dismIssed them when
so required. The Oherlandesgerlcht also rendered Judgements In
eases Instituted for the- contlscallon of religious and charllable
property.
n·6OfI.5
Use of Prepa.red LIsts. ...;. Property Control Offl_ have received
prepared list. of all property known to bave been under Ihe Ger
man Alien Property CUStodian. It Is assumed that these lists com- '
prise the majority ot property of this ,type, However. in ease
any additIonal property of this type Is uncovered at lower levels.
Property Control will Immediately tal<e the property Inlo 'custody
as' \,uthorized by MG Law No. 5a.
'
17-601
A4mlalItraOon of EDemy Properly by Ab_nhetlllpfteaer••-
Movabl"" belongIng to Allied governments and nationals thereof.
and other Allied 'Property not requiring constant direction and
supervlalon. e. g. minority Inlerest. In business enlerpnses and
,....Uy of low value. were often placed under the administration of
Abwesenheltspfieger appoInted by' the Abtellung filr Vormund-
JurlsdleUon over the property. Such property was recorded ln
the 111es of the, appropriate Amtsgerlcht. The Landgerl~ht and
Oherisndesgerlcht a1ao have Ju.r\sdIeUon la guardlanship matters.,
SECTION B
COURTS
11-611
'Landcerfcbl. - The Landgertcht I. the Intermediate court
between the Amtsgericht and the OberlandeSgencht," It Is a cour!
of Original Jurisdiction and also a court, of appeal. for the Amts·
gerlcht. It may exercise the functions 'Of, the Oherlandesgerleht
In thOle Iteglerungsbe:tlrke where, the latter court does not sIt.
11·61t
Oberlandesgerlchl.
.
~.,
8pn1~. ..,.. The lsw, for Liberation tram National
Ilot'Ialism and', MllItarism proride. for the utabUshment of
trlbunala wtrieh shall decide the classification ot 1Ibe responsible
periona and the sanctions to be Imposed. TrIal tribunals have
been ..stabl.lsbed In urban and ,rural distrlcts. '
11-8111.1
Bensfanpbmmer. - BerutUngSkammer (Appellata tribunal.)
exist lor the review of decisions.
17-618.1
,
'
" ,
Anldllnr. - An AnkUlcer (Publlc Prosecutor) Is asSIgned to
each of the tribunals.' ,
, SBC'I'ION C
SUGGESTED USE OF LEGAL FOIlMS
n-«:o
GeaeraL ' - The legal folllUl set forth In OMGUS AG letter
01Q.6 (FD), 2lI Feb 41, subject, "Property Control Accountlng and'
Audltlng Procedures•. and Legal Fonno" are provided as guides for
the preparatton ot agreements ...tered Into by LPCC's and LeAH's,
wbo will remember tbat these f01')llJ are illustrative only and
that the legal personnel should be consulted In ease of doubt as to
the insertion of proper provisions.
n-821
Appointment of Eaemy Property Cuta4\aa. -
(MGJPCIlJl).
1'l-6Z1J. '
LeAH May Bel;""'", .b.tten for bIa Dectslon. -, The custodian
should be given reasonably wide laUtude In the performance of
hta dutles. Yet LCAH's D\ay, deem It advIsable to limit the
exercise of cerlalll
incidental to the operatlon and eustody
of propertles. In thls ease, LeAH's may Insert provisions In the!
COJltract reservtng the partlculsr mat!>era for his decision.
""wen
n-821.!
Coatradual Po..... CJreumsedbed 'lly MG IlernlallollL
LCAH's will observe that they can Dol confer powers on the
custodians by contract whlehhave jn tact been withheld from Ihe
LCAH'. by these Itegulatlons, or by orders of, the LPCC. For
, Instance, MGIl 17-520' through MGR 11-524 forbid extraordinary
expenditures and authorize LCAH's to permit custodians to mal<e
,normal expenditures. Consequently, paragraph C 1 of the, legal
,form will be Inserted In every contract made with custodians.
174m::a
V""" of CWItodIans. .:... LeAir. will determIne compensatlon for
services rendered by custodIans In accordance wi th Instructions
set torth In MGR 17-510. In the contract, compensation may be
expressed In ,terms of ,a, lump sum payable monthly or tn terms
of a sum measured by a percentage of 1he "lonthly cash receipts,
care being taken, tbat eaeb property Is charged directly for Its
custodlan's fees. LCAH's may find the first method of expressing
compensation more, SUltablAt for' contracts relating to custodians
of business enterprise. Paragraph D of the legal fonns Incorporales
both'methods of stattng compensation and LCAH'a,wUl dlsregard
the inapplicable portion of the paragraph.
17-82'"
J)IsposIUon of Contract COp\.... - Copies of the agreement with
the custOdiail wUl be furnished to, the LPCc, LCAH, CAH and
the custodian. Custodians will be directed to tile copies of said
agreement wltb the Gruodbuch, Handelsreglster Or other deposi
tOry sP<;clfied by German law (see MGR 17-600 to MGR 17-607),
l'-\IU
,
Lease of Bealt.Ir_{MGIPC'A,/!!.,
n-W.l
Special ProYlstoIlll BUed on CUstom May be InHrIed. - It Is
contemplated that special provlsl~ns based on loeal customs will
be requtred for leases of real property. These provisions may be
Inserted In co"tracts for the lease of realty by the LeAH,
Repaint, III' Lea-. ...,. It extenslve repairs are required. It will
be necessary to provide some compensation for the .lessee In ease
of termlnatlon of the lease prIor to Its expiratian.
Generally, the allocatlon of the cost of repairs over the lerm
of the Ie.... will provide a fair measure of the damage auf!ered by
the lessee In such an event (see pars. C 4 and, D 1 of the legal
fonn).
17-11U.1
Tai'es &Del ilia........... - LeAH'. m~y omit or modify the tax
and Insurance provisIons of paragrapbs C 2 a.Qd C 3 of the legal
form.. However, LCAH's wIll observe Ihat tax and Insurance must
be paid out of Income from Ihe property and tbat the rental price
wUl conaequontly be higher In those cases where, the eost of taxes
and Insurance Is born by the lessor.
n·_t
17·614.1
Jiarls4leUon of EDemy ProperlJ'. - The Oberiandesgerlcht I.
the highest cour! of Original JurisdictIon In the Under. The'
Abtellung filr Vormundschattsgerlchl. a section of this court, exer
etses extensive Jurtsdlctlon over the adminIstration of property
,belonging to enemy countries and nationals thereof. ' It could
appoint Verwaller and TreuhAnder (TrUstees). lIx theIr salaries,
revoke appointments. define Ihe powers of administration and.lssue
other pertinent orders. The Oherlandesgerleht Is the depository
for re<:ords filed In connection with enemy properties placed under
control of the Relchlkommlssar.
~~,
INI16
11-822.Z
17-61% ,
' "
,
ADtiqerleht - The Amtsgerleh! Is the lowest .our! at records.
The Abtellung fUr Vormundschaftssachen, a section of thl. court.
has limited »u1sd\ctiOD over the adminlatratlon of movable. and
realty of low value belonging to absentee owners. The Amtssencht
Is alao the depository for the Grundbuch and the Handelsreglster.
'.
•
,
.
'AathorilJ' to Use German ColiN. - LPCC's will not submit
, ll'Iemseives to the jurlsd!ct!on of the German eourts In any
, capadty oll'ler than as wllne""s except upon written IIPproval of
the CPCB,
DIsposIIloa of Leue COpies. - Copies of the lease wIll be de
livered to the LeAH, LPCC and CAH. and the parties to the lease,
CopIes thereof will be deposited tor file tn customary depositories
specified by Gentian taw (see MGR 17-600 to MGIl 17-60'1).
n·m
IDro of Goods (MG/PCIIJ3). - The Instructions set torth in
MGR 17-622: through MGR 17-822.3 are pertinent to contracta tor
hire of personal properly under control. Where the properly
would not be replaceable If'damaged, It may be 'necessary to reo
quire' a deposit by the lessee In order 10 guarantee the payment
of damages ,to the lessor In cnse of acctdent or I.....
�PROPERTY' CONTROL
. PABT'
ProCed..n..,
a...t Le&al 'Forma", dated 25 Feb. iH'l'. P"'~
Control accounting tor OMG-Berlln Sector, win remain Ihe
respoDllib,IUty . at the CPCB. ,
,
PBOPBllTY OOHTROL ACOOtlN'l'DfO AJID AVDITIlfG PROCL
Dl1BB8, AJID LBOAL JI'OBIIIII
'
n~'l'tl
DeC!eatralb:aaoD of A _ _. iI"IIncIIoM. _ Property Control
accounting luncUona are decentra.ll.led to, and are the re:spon_
slbIDI), of, the LeAH of Bavarta, Bremen, Heaae. and Wllrttem
. berglBaden. These agendes' will JDalntoln complele accounting
')'Items With fuU Intonnatlon on' all properties under their ~trol.
Detailed inetrucUona reletina' to the vartOWI a=<mtlng proceeeee.
Includlnll .... bmlsslon of repoits, are set forth In letter OMGUS
AO 01q.6 (FD), eubjKt: ~ t;Oiifu.i1 Aci»un~-'8EA Auiliung'
'i,
I
.
~ of .\tunliD&'
both In relation to individual
l'1Incll-.-TheaudltlnglunclloD,
properties and to orpnlzaUonaI
pro<:edures, Is decentralized 10, and Is the responaIbIDty of LPCC'•
and LeAH's of Bavaria, Bremen. Hesse, and WilrtleroberglBaden,
and the Prope.rty Control ChIef, OMG-BerUn Sector. The mInlJnum
general audit program Is p.......,nbed. In letter, OMOUS AO' 010,0
(FD), subject: "Prope.rty Control A"""""Ung and Auditing Pro
~dures, and Legal Forms", dated 25 Feb. 11141.
.
.AlillEl VII
DissolutiOn
Ot
:t.hll. lIazi
Party
. ·(lxcerpt.)
•
.This, Liai ~olveli the HuiParl.;r end· provides all to1101181
I
"5. 'All tuDds, propert;r,equipment, accounts, end recorda
of /IJl1' orpniutiQD mentiQDed in thi8 Law sball be
preserved intact and shall be dellvered or trensterred,
ae required b7 1a1ltlll7 Government. Pending dellvel7
or treneter, all propert;r, 'accoUnts end recorda shall
be subject to inspectiQD ....otticmand others in
che:rge thereof and adminilltrative officiale w111 re
main at their poet8 until O'!i~erwise directed, and will
, be responsible to the w'lltlll7 Governl!1el1t tor taldng
, all steps to preserve intact end undamaged all such
tuDds, propert;r, equipment, .accounts, end recorda, end
for compl.;r1ng with the orders of Milltlll7 Governllel\t
regai-ding blocldng. end CQDtrol of propert;r.·
.
:o;!'
t
t
•
Rf
';pr
~o
Sel
�~
.• r.'
CUMULATIVE INDEX*)
'Milit8.ry Government' Gazette
,Germany
Issues A-N
MILITARY GOVERNMENT PROCLAMATIONS
Issue
Proclamation No~ 1
'Proclamation No. 2 **)
Proclamation No. a .
'.
Proclamation No.4
'Proclamation No. 5 - Economic Council •
Appendix' "A" to Proclamation No.5 - Agreement for Re-'
organization of Bizonal Eccxnomic Agencies'.,. . ~
Appendix "B" to Proclamation No. 5 -:- Relating to, Production,
'Allocation and Distribution of Goods and Raw Materials
(Ordinance No. 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
Proclamation No 6
Amending Proclamation No, 5, Economic
Council
, ,
\, ' ..
, Proclamation No. 7 - Bizonal Economic Administration , '
Order No. 1 Pursuant to Article' III (5) .**)
'.
Order No.2
"
, Order No. a
Order No.4
Order No.5
.order No.6
Order No.7
Order No.8
Order No.9
Proclamation No.8 -..,.. Establishment of a Getman High Court for
the Combined Economic' Area , ' " . . ;'
Re~ation No.1 under ProClamation No.8
Regulation No.2 under Proclamation No.8
'.
.......
'.
••
.
P,age
A
A
C
.C
E,
j1
1'2
I
[I
11
il
I
,E
12
!
1.6
E
I
!
1
1
F
I
,
i
1
1
1
2
I
1
K
L
L
L
M
N
N
N
N
1
1
I 2
2
6
1
1
I
'J
M
MILITARY GOVERNMENT LAWS
Law N O.1
,Abrogation of Nazi Law
Regulation under Law No. 1
Law 'No. 2 - Gernian Courts . '
Amendment No. 1 t)
Amendment No.2 - Limitations upon the Jurisdiction of
German Courts .
'"
Amendment No. a
..
Form of Oath
.
..
,
B
D
I· a
• j Amendments. Regulations, Licenses. etc. are Uated
a) With the enactments to, which they pertain and
b).in separate categories, such, as Amendments.' Regulations. etc.
••) Correction of ProclamatiOn NO.2, Article i (see Issue, C, page 14)
•••) Revision of German translation (see Issue M. page (3)
t) Repealed by Article n of ,Amendment No.' 2 to MG Law NO.2 (see Issue B. page 2)
1
a
A
A
A'"
A
I.
5
7
10
1
,
�I
I
"
•
•
•
I
i'
Issue
'Regulation N o . 1 . '. .
•.
General Authorization No.1 Pursuant to Regulation No.1
General Authorization No.2 Pursuant to Regulation No.1
Official Explanations and Comments Concerning
Regulation N o . 1 ;
Regulation' No. 2 - Testimony dn German Courts by Persons
Subject to United States Military Law and by Persons,_
Associated with the United States Office of Military
Government
Regulation No.3
Regulation No. 4
Law No. 3 - Definition of United Nations .
Law No. 3 (Amended) - Definition of United Natioris
Law No.4 (Amended) :.- Military Government Gazette, Germany
Law No. 5 - Dissolution of Nazi Party . ' .
.
Law No. 6 - ' Dispensation by Act of Military Government with
"Necessity of Compliance with German Law. •
Law No. 7
Removal from Official Seals of National Socialist
Emblems
.
.
•
Law No. 8 - Prohibition of Employment of Members of Nazi
Party in Positions in Business Other than Ordinary Labor
and 'for Other P~rposes *)
Regulation 'No. 1 *)
, 'Law No.9 - German Rhine Navigation Courts .
Law No. 10 -...:. Adoptions by Nationals of the United Nations **)
Regulation N o . 1 . '. .' , :'.
;
Regulation No.1, Revised
Amendment No. 1 to Regu~ation N? 1, Revised .
Law No, 11 - Repeal of Military Government Law No. 8 {Pro
hibition of Employment of Members of Nazi Party in Posi
tions in Business' Other than OrdinarY Labor and for Other
Purposes) and of 'RegUlation No. 1 issued thereunder:.
,
Law No. 12 - Abolition of EmploymeQt Preferences in Favor of
Former Members of the Gerrilan Armed Forces and Others
Law No. ,13 - 'Repeat of. the Reich Hunting ~ct .
Law No. 14 - Repeal of German Legislation Concerrrlng Work
'house Internment.
Law No. 15
Bizonal Public Servants
,
Amendment No. 1
Law No. 16 - Certain Operations Abroad of German Insurance
, Companies
'.
Amendment No. 1
Law No. 17 - International Frontier Control.
Amendment. No, 1
'.
• .. '
.,'
Regulation No.1' .
Law' No. 18 - Implementing Control Councll Directive No..57
Law No. 19- Disposing of Properties in the United States Zone
of . Occupation and in the, Unj.ted States Sector of Berlin·
Having Belonged to the Former German Reich and to' the
Former German States, Laender or Provinces (including,
the State of Prussia)
.,
,
•
,.
,,*
•
~
•
.) Repealed by MG Law No. 11 (see Issue J. page 1)
••) Correction of Article IV (see ISsue I, page, 27),
2
A
C
G
Page
11
13
36
B
4
I
I
I
f
f
B
3
D
4
J
5
N'
B
A
16
8
17
17
A
19
A
20
A
I
20
21.
14
1
15,
,L
3
A
~
E
H,
'.,
~
5
'J
1
J
2
L
2
M
2
M
N
2
3
M
N
16
5
M
N
N
I?
M
19
N
9
I
6
7
I
I,
�Issue
•
, Law No, 20 - E1ec~ion of Certain Public Servants, to the Filrst
Bundestag , . . . • . '"
. .. ,,-,. .. ..
.'. .
, Law No. 21 - Legal Effect of Notarial Acts of Interim Offices
, fot' German Affairs
Regulation No.1.
, Law No. 51 - Currency
.
J7.mendment No. I,
Law No. 52 (Amended) - Blocking and Control of Property."
Amendment to Law No., 52 . ,. . '," : . .
,"
General Order No.1" . . . . . . . . " . .
Supplement No. 1 to General Order No.1.
Supplement No.2 to General Order No.1.
Amendment No. 1 to Supplement No. 2
"
General Order' No.2....: L G. Farbenindustrie A. G. '
General Order No. 3 - Bank der Deutschen' Arbeit A. G. . '.
General Order No. 4 - Appointment of Custodians for the'
Property of United Nations and Neutral Nationals' in
Absentia
............. .
.
.
"
~
I
,
•
'.
.
,
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to'Law No. 52:
General License No. 1 (Revised)
General License No.2
General License No.3
Generai License No. 4
General 'License No.5
General License No, 5 (Amended)
Gener~ License No. 6
General License No.7
General License No. 8
General License No. 8 (Amended)
General License No. 9
General License No. 10.
"
General License No. 11 .
General License No. 12.
General License No. 13 .
General License No. 14.
GE;neral License No. 15.
General License No. 16"
I
p~ge
1
13
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23
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9
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I
Law.No. 53 ....:.. Foreign Exchange Control .
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 53:
General License No.1
General License No.' 2
General License No.3
General License No. 4
General ,License No. 5
General License No.6
General License No.7
General License No.8
General License No.9
General License No: 10 .
Notice - Foreign Exchange and External ~.ssets
, '~otice No. 2 - Foreign Exchange Assets of Displaced Persons.
and Stateless Persons,. . . : . . . . . ; . .
Notice No.3 '- Import and Export of German Currency
•
3
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30
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�•
•
•
Issue
Law No. 54 - Use of Wehrmacht Property.
',
Law No. 55 ~ Prohibition of Transactions in Stocks and Bonds
and Other InterestS of I. G. FarbenindustrieA. G..
Law No. 56 - Prohdbition of Excessive Concentration of German
Economic Power
~
.' .
Order No: 1 - Prohibition of Monopolistic Con~itions in the
German Motion Picture Industry.
'
Notice of Extension of Time under Order No. 1
Oider N o . 2 .
Regulation N o . 1 . , .
.'.
,Amendment No.1 to Regulation No.1.
Amendment No.2 to Regulati~n, No.1'.
, L'aw No. 57 - Custodians for Certain' Bank ,Organizations
Am~ndm~nt No.1
Law No. 57, Revised -:,:' Decentralization of Banks .
Law No; 58 - Implementing Control Council Directive No, 50 .
Law No. 59 - Restitution of Identifiable Property
Amendment No. 1
Amendment No. 2
Regulation No. 1 - Establishment of Central Filing Agency
and M~ner of Filing Claims ,for Restitution,.
Regulation No. '2 - Filing of Reports ,as Required by Mili-'
tary Government Law No. 59 .
"
Regulation No. 3 - Designation of Successor Organizations
Pursuant to Military Govern~ent Law No., 59 arid
Appointment of a Successor Organization to Claim
Jewish Property
,' .
" .
Regulation No. 4 - Establishment of Board of Review.
Regulation No., 5 - Period of Limitation for Filing Claims,
Regulation No.6 - Designation of a R~stitution . Agency
with General Jurisdiction .
' ',.'
See also:
General Authorization, No. 2 ~ Pursuant ,to Regulation No, 1
under MG Law No.2. \.
General License No. 10 ....:. Issued Pursuant to MG Law No. 52
Law No. 60 ....:. Establish~ent of a Bank Deutscher Laender .
Law No.' 60, Revised - Establishrt:len,t of a Ban~ Deutscher Laender
Law No. ,61 --'- First Law for Monetary, Reform (Currency Law)
Regulation No.1
Regulation No. 2
"
Regulation N o . 3 .
Regulati,on No. 4 - Special Permissi9n for Reichsmark Trans
actions'to Correct Illegal Payments ,
Regulation No.5. , . . .
. ,.
••
Regulation No.6 - Regulation Concerning' Rail Tickets
Regulation No. 7 - Regulation Concernirig Old Currency
Stocks of the Financial Institutions .
Regulation No. 8 _ Regulation Concerning the Payment of
the Second Installment of the Quota per Capita .
".
Regulation No.9,
Regulation No. 10 - Regulation Concerning Subsequent, Pay
ment of Quota per Capita
Law No. 62 ....,. SeCond Law for Monetary Reform (Issue Law) . '
4
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Issue
•
•
Law No. 63 - Third Law for Monetary Refomi (Conve~on Law)
Amendment No.1. • • . . " . .'
Regul~tion No; 1 ~ qeneral' Regulation '.
Regulation No. 2 - Bank Regulation'. .
Regulation, No.3 - Insurance Regulation
Regulation No. 4 - Regwation Concerning the Cancellation
of Cont,racts for Delivery under the Third. Law for
-Monetary .Reform (Conversion Law) . '. .' • . . . . .
Regulation No. 5 - Conversion of pfennig Amounts .,. . .
Regulation No. 6 - Regulation Concerning the Valuation of
Provisional Net Worth. . . .. . . . ..... .'.
Regulation No. 7 - Regulation Concerning Liabilities of
,United Nations Nationals. . . • . . . . . : .
Regulation No. 8 - Regulation Concerning Deposit Funds .
. Amendment to Regulation No. 8 (Regulation No. -10) .
Regulation, No.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .
Re~lation No. 10 - Amendment to R~gulation No.8. .
Regulation No. 1~. . . . . . . ; . • . . . . : . •
.Regulation No. 12 - Regulation Concerning Repatriated PW's
Regulation No. 13 - Reichsmark Liabilities to United Nations
Nationals. '.. . . -; -. . . ',' . . . . • . . , '. . .'
Regulation No. 14,. . . . . • . . . . . . , . • . ','
:Regulation No. 15 ....:,. Part Payment of Interest on the Equal':
ization Claim of Financial' InstitutIon\ ' . . : .'
Regulation No. _ - Conversion of Titles ,.ot ExeCution .
16
Regulation' No. 17
Reichsmark Closing Balance and
BUsiness Year
Regulation No. '18 .
RegUlation No. 19
.,
Regulation No.. 20
, .
Regulation No. 21 .
Regulation No. 22 - Regulation Concerning Interest Maturity
for Fixed IntereSt -Bearing Securities. . . . . .
'
Regulation No. 23 -.,.. Conversion Account of Insurance
Enterprises . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulation No. 24 - Part Payment of Interest. Due on the
Equalization Claims of Insurance Enterprises ...
Regulation No. 25, Old Currency Credit Balance up to
10;000 Reichsmark. . . . .' . . ; . . . .
...
p~ge
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Law No. 66- Land .Central Banks.
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Law No. 75 - Reorganization of":German Coal and Iron and
Steel Industries . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . •
Regulation' No. 1
Regulation Concerning Certain Liabilities
of CollierY Undertakings.
.' " . . . . . . • . •
I
I
, -,
Law No. 65,- Fourth Law for Monetary Reform (Supplementary
Conversion Law) . . - . . . ., . .
..- .
Regulation No.1. .,.",' . . . .
Regulation No.2' -:- Adaptation of the Provisions of the
Conversion Law . . . .
.,
Regulation:' No.' 3 ." ," . . .
:9
i9
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Law No. 64 - Provisional Revision of Tax Legislation
Amendment No.1. . . _. . . . . . . . . .
~4
33
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24
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34
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Issue
Law No. '76 (Amended) - Posts, Telephones, Telegraphes and Radio
Censorship Regulations for the Civilian Population of' Ger~
many under the Jurisdiction of. :Military Government.
Law No. 77 (Amended) - Suspension of 'Certain Organizations
and Offices Concerned with Labor·.
Law No. 151
Surrender of Effects of Deceased' Members of the
;,
United states Forces"
.,
.
Law No. 151, Revised
Surrender of Effects 'of Deceased Members
of· the United States Forces .
Law No. 153 - German Courts Ma~ial .
Law No. 154 -.:... ~limination and Prohibition of Military Training
Law No. 161, Amended (3),
Frontier Control. .
General Licenses Issued Pursuant t6 Law No. 161:
General License No.1
General License N o . 2 ' .
Law No. 191, Amended (1) - 'Control of Publications, Radio
, Broadcasting, News Services, Films, Theatres, and Music and
Prohibition of Activities of the Reichsministeriunl fuer Volks
aufklaerung und Propaganda .
Information Controi Regulation No. 1
Control of Publica~
tio'ns, Radio Broadcasting, Films, Theatres and Music. '.
Information Control Reguiation No.2":':'" Notice, Surrender o~
Motion Picture Film .. .
.
Info~tion Control Regulation No; 3 .
.
Amendment No.1 to Information Control Regulation No.3
General License No.1.. .
General License No. 2
General 'License No. 3
Information Control License
d
•
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42
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50
52
53
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ORDERS AND GENERAL ORDERS
(Pursuant to Military .Government Proclamations and Laws)
\
•
Order No. 1 - Providing for Disposition of Certain Coal Properties
Order No. 1
Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7 *)
Order No.2 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
. ','
Order No. 3
Pursuant 19 Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 4 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
, Order No. 5 - Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No.6
Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
"
Order No. 7 - Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 8
Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 9 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7,
General Order No.1
Pursuant to Law No. 52 .
Suppiement No. i to General Order No.1.
, Supp~ement No. 2 to General Order No.1.,
Amendment No. 1 to Supplement No. 2
General Order ,No. 2
Pursuant to Law No. 52 - I. G. Farben~
industrie A. G.
. ..
of •
General Order No.3.....:. Pursuant to ~aw No. 52 - . Bank der
Deutschen Arbeit A. G..
. ;.
*)
Revision of German translation (see Issue M, pa'ge
6
(3)
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,Page
Issue
,
General Order No. "4 .....;. P:ursuant to Law No. 52 - ApPointment
of Custodians fur the Property of U.n1ted .Nations and Neutral
Nationa:ls in AbseIlltJia. . . . . , ' . ' . . . . . "'. . .
i
,
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14
Order No. 1 - ,Pursuant to Law NO. 56 - Prohibition of l4onopol':'
istic Condi<tiOIllS in the Gennan Motion Picture IDdIustry •
Notice - Extension of '1'ime under Order No. 1
I
16
J
59
Order No.2.....:. Pursuant to Law ,No. 56. ,
L
6
Order No.1':"':" Pursuant to, Ordinance No. 1 (as Amended)
. ; ',' . ,
Clemency for Frng€.oogen Offenders .
N
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES
"
Ordinance No. 1 - Crimes and ,Offenses . " . . .
,Amendment No.1. • ; . . . . . • . . .
Amending Ordinance No: l' (Ordinance No. 24) .
Order No. 1 - Clemency for Fragebogen Offenders .
Ordinance No.2 - Military Government Courts .
Amendment No. r ; '. . . . . : . . . .
"
Amendment No.2. . . . . . . . . . . '. .
Ruies of Pr~ctice in Military Government Courts, Extract .
, Ordinance No.3, Amen,ded (1) -English and Fre~ch - Official'
'.
LaJIl:gUll'geS:
/1"'
UIu.roMlS
.'
•
';
•
•
•
.,
•••••••••••••
Ordinance No.4 - ,~rohibition o( Wearing
. .
• • .
• • • '.
.
bt .German
. .
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57
17
49
28
60
63
18
63
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Military
.
.
.
.
Ordinance No. 5 - Curfew..
....
. . . .
Ordinance No; 6
Military Government Court for Civil Actions
Amendment No. 1 ,(Ordinance No. 18)
Amendment No. 2 (Ordinance No. 21)
Amendment No. 3 (Ordinance No. 34)
'.
Amendment No. 4 (Ordinance No. 36)'
Ordinance No.' 7 - Organization' and Powers of Certain Military
Tu:i.bunlEils . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . .' .
Amenciing Ordinance No. 7 (Ordinance No. 11). . '. . ;
Regulation No.1, as Amended by Ordinance No. 11. . .
Ordinance No. 8 Military Tribunal for Security Violations .
Ordinance No. 9 - M!>tor Vehicle Speed Limits. '. . .
Ordinance No. 10 - illegal Possession of United States Military
Payment Certificates . ' . . . . . . . . ' ..
,Amending Ordinance' No. 10 (Ordinance No. 15):. .
1
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26
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Ordinance No. 11 - Amending Militai-y Government Ordinance
NO.7, Enititled "Or:~zation and Powers of Certam Military
TribunJa:ls" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . ." . .
Regulation No. 1 under Ordinance No. '7, as Amended by
Ordinance No. 11 '.'. . . " . "
. . . . .
C
D
6
Ordinance No. 12 - megal Possession' of 'BritiSh Armed Forces
, Special Voumers (BAFSV) , . . . . . . . . . .
Amendment No. 1 (Ordinance No.~) . . . . .' . .
C
H
12
6
D
1
Ordinance No. 13 ~ Regulation of 'Sale, Transfer and Registration'
olf Motor Vehiicles *) '. . • • ; '. • . • . . • .
i
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.) C<>rrectlon of ArtIcles IV (6) and' VI (see Issue F. page 16)
•
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11
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Issue
Ordinance' No. 14 (Appendix liB" to Proclamation No.5) .-:.. Relat
.'iog to Production, AHocatiO'.!l. and Distribution of Goods and
Raw Materials *)
•
.• •
Ordinance No. 15 ...;.. Amending 'Military Government Ordinance
No. 10" Entitled unlegal PosSession of United stateS Milit'ary
Payment Certificates"
.'..
•.,
.
Ordinance No. 16 Military Government' Rhine Navigation
. Cri'Ill.irlcl Courts • • • . • • •
•
•
Ordinance No. 17 - Prohibited Transactions and Activities \
Ordinance No. 18 - Amendment No. 1 to Military Government
Ordinance No. 6 "Militalry Governm~nt Co'llll"t for Civil Actions"
Ordinance No: 19 - German. Co;U O~ganization. . • '. . .'. .
Ordinance No. 20 - Prohibition 'Against the Import· of Cigarettes
and Other To'ba:coo Products .
•
\
Ordinance No. 21 - Amendment No. 2 to Military Government
Ordinance No.6 "Military Government Court for Civil Actions"
Ordinance No. 22 - Amendment No. 1 to Military Government
Ordinance No. 12 "Illegal P()~n of British Armed Forces
Special Vouchers (BAFSV)"
•'
'. '
•
•
Ordinance No. 23 - Relief from Unlawful Restraints of Personal
Uberty
•
."
•
Ordinance No. 24 - Amending MilitarY Government Ordinance
No. 1 (SHAEF),.'entitled. "Crimes and Offenses"..
•
Ordinance No. 25 - First Ordinance l;lO the Exchange of Currency
iby Displaced Persons
Ordinance' No, 26 Second Ordinance on the Exchange of
CUilTency by Displaced PersOl'l5 ..
Ordinance No. 27- Documentation. and Residence of Certain
Displaced Persons
•
•
••
Ordinance No. 28 Control of' Persons Entering the United
States Zone
, .
Ordinance No. 29 - Expulsion of Undesirable Germans . .
Ordinance No. 30 :- Expulsion of Undesirable Non-Germans .
Ordinance No. 31 - ' U9ited States Military Government Courts
for _
Germany **) "
,.
•
.
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No. 31 .
.
Regulation No.1 under Military Government Ordinance No. 31
Notice - Operative Dates of Military Government
Orddnance No. 31
•
Ordinance No. 32 - Code of Criminal Procedure for United States
Military Government Courts for Germany ***) .
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No. 32 .
Ordinance No. 33 - Code of Civil ProcedUre' for United States
Military Government. Courts for Germanyt) ..
Ordinance No. 34 - Amendment No. 3 to Military Government
Ordiinan'ce NQ. 6, "Military Government Courts for Civil Ac~iOl'l5"
Ordinance No. 35 - Misuse of Army Postal Service·,
•
~
Ordil'lance No. 36 - Amendment No. 4 to Military Government
OrdiOOiIl'ce N o . 6 .
•
.)
,
..)
...)
t)
Correction of Section 40 (2) (see' Issue F, page 18);
repeal of Ordinance No. 14 (see Issue I,' .page 27)
Changes In the German p-anslatlon (see Issue· L, page 32)
Changes In the German translation (see Issue L, page 33)
Changesln the German translation (see Issue L, page 34)
8
Page
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E
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29
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�.'
, Issue
AMENDMENTS
, (to Military Government Proclamations, Laws, Ordinances,
Regulations)
Amending Proclamation No.5 (Proclamation No.6) .
Amendment No. 1 to Law N o . 2 , .
Amendment No. 2 to Law N o . 2 .
Amendment No. 3 to Law N o . 2 . .
.,
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No. 1; Revised~, under Law' No. 10
Amendment No. 1 to, Law' No. 15
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 16
Amendment No.1 to.' Law No. 17
Amendment No, 1 to. Law ~o. 51
"
Amendment to Law No. 52. ' . . . . .
,
Amendment No. 1 to Supplement No. 2 to GE!neral Order No~ 1
Pursuant to Law No. 52
Amendment No.1 to Regulation No. 1 Under Law No. 56
Amendment No.2 to Regulation No., 1 under Law No. 56
Amendment No, 1 to Law No. '57
Amendment No. 1 to Law No, 59
Amendment No.2' to 'Law No.. 59
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 63 , . . . , . .
Amendment to Regulation No.8 under Law No. 63 (Regulation No. 10)
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 64
Amendment No. 1 to Information Control Regulation No. 3 under
Law No. 191, Amended (1) ,
\.
,
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No.1.
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No.2"
Amendment No.2 to Ordinance No.2.
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No.6' (Ordinance No. 18)
Amendment No. 2 to Ordinance No. 6 (Ordinance No. 21)
Amendment No.3 to Ordinance No.' 6 (Ordinance No. 34)
Amendment No.4 to' Ordinance No. 6 (Ordinance No. 36)
Amending Ordinance No. ,7 (Ordinance No. 11) "
Amending O~inance :No. 10 (Ordinance. No. 15),. "
,
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No. 12 (Ordinance No.' 22)
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance, No. 31
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No. 32
.. ..
,
•
'
.
"
, REGULATIONS
,F
11
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6
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5
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2
2
22
14
17
1
'20
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H
115
E
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: 17
63
18
1
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1
7'
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30
26
11
18
6
29
26
<,
(under Military Government Proclamations, Laws, Ordinances)
Regulation No~ 1 under Proclamation No. 8
Regulation No. 2 under Proclamation No. 8
M
1
1
Regulation under Law No.1. . . . . . .
A,
5
Regulation No. 1 under Law No.2,: . . .
Gemirru Authorization No. 1 Pursuant to Regulation No. 1
General. Authori~ation No. 2 Pu~uant to Regulation No. 1
Regulation' No.2 under Law No.2 -.:.. Testimony in German Courts
by Persons Subject to United states Military Law and by Per- '
sons Associated wit:h tthe United States Offioe of Military
ernment . . . . . . .'.,. . . . . . .
Regulation No. 3 under Law No., 2 (Amended)
Regulation No. 4 under Law No. 2 (A'mended)
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Regulation No. 1 under Law No; 59' - Establishment of Central
Filing Agency 9lDId Ma.IlInel' of Filing ClJaiimIs foil" R€'Stitution .
Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 59 - ruing of' Reports as
Required by Mlli.'tary Government !.AIIW' No. 59. . . • . . .
Regulation No, 3 under Law No.. 59 - Designation of Successor
Orglanizations Puisuant roMilitaJry Government Law No. 59 and
Awointment of a Su~S&lIr ~ation,:to Claim 'Jewish
Property ,
•
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5
A
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7
N
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14
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6
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5
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Regulation No.6 under Law No'. 59'-,Designation of a Restitution
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•
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21
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Issue
Regulation No. 1 under Law No.8 *)
Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 10 •
Regulation No. i, Revised, under Law No. 10 •
Amendment No. 1 ·to Regulation No. I, Revised .
. Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 17 (Ainended)
Regulation No.1 under Law No. 21
Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 56
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Amendment No. 2 to Regulation No. 1
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Regulation No. 2 under La~ No. 61 .
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Regulation No. 3 under Law No. 61 .
Regulation No.4 under Law NO., 61
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Regulation No. 5 'under Law No. 61 .
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Regulation No. 10 under Law No. 61 -, Regulation Concerning
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Regulation No.3 under Law No. 63 --,- Insurance Regulation.
Regulation No. 4 under Law No. 63 ...:.- Regulation Concerning the
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Regulation No.5 under Law No. 63 -Conversion of Pfennig Amounts
Regulation' No. 6 under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning
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Regulation No. 7 under Law No. 63 - ' Reg~lation Concerning
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Regulation No. 12 under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning
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Regulation. No. 13 under Law No, 63' - Reichsrnark Liabilities to
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Regulation No. 14 und~r Law No. 63 . . .'. .'. ': . :: . . .
Regulation No. 15, under Law No. 63 ..:... Part Payment of, Interest
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Regulation No. 16 'under Law No. 63 ....,.. Conversion of Titles of
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Regulation No. 17 wider Law No. 63 ...;:.. Reichsmark Closing
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RegUIation No. 18 imder Law No. 63
'Regulation No. 19, under, Law No. 63
Regulation No. 20 under Law No. 63
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Regulation No. 21 under Law No. 63
Regulation No. 22 under Law No"63 - Regulation Concerning
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Regulation No. 23 under Law No. 63. - Conversion Account of
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Regulation No. 24 under Law No. 63 - Part Payment of Interest
Due on tJhe EqUlll.l!i2la.tion Cladm of IllS'UI.".an~ Entel"Prises. . .
Regulation No. 25 under La~ No. 63
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29
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Information Control Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 191"
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Information Control" Regulation No, 2 under Law No. 191,
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LICENSES· AND GENERAL LICENSES
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General License No.1 (Revised)
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General License No. 3
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General License' No.5'
, General License No.5 (Amended)
General License No.6.'
General License No.7
General License' No. 8
General License No.8 (Amended)
General License NO.9
General License No. 10
General License No.. 11
General License No. 12
'General License No:.13
General License No. 14
General License' No. 15'
General License No. 16
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General License No. 4
General 'License No.' 5
General LicenSe No.6.
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General License No. 8
General License No.9.
'General License No. 10
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NOTICES'
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••
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Notice under Law ,No. 53 - Foreign Exchange and External Assets
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Notice No. 3 under Law No. 53 - Import and Export of GE!rman
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Notice of Extension of Time under Order No. 1 Issued Pursuant
rio L!lw No. 56 - Prohibition of Monopolistic Conditions in tlhe
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, CORRECTIONS
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43
APPENDICES
U. S. Military Government' Legislation' ApPl,icable in the U. S.
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U. S. Military Government Legislation Concerning Currency Reform
in U. S. Sector of Berlin: '
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
O'Connor, Ellen; List of Appendices for Policy Documents (Oct. 15, 1999) [4]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-oconnor-ellen-list-of-appendices-for-policy-documents-oct-15-1999-4
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5f91b8b7b19cfc757c216560a8a49792.pdf
3fcf10ffce38e3b5909444abb1af4a7a
PDF Text
Text
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT.· GAZETTE
GERMANY
. UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL'
. Published by
.OFFICE OF MIUTARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U. S.)
..
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AMTS'BLATT DER MILITARREGIERUNG
. DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET<
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Herausgegebeu vou
OFFICE OF MIUTARY GOVERNMENT FOR
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY ,
~D STATES AREA OF CONTROL
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L'AWNO_ 59
RESTITUTION": ,
OF IDENTIFIABLE PROPERTY
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MH.ITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
,AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET,'
, GESETZ. NR. 59
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RUCKERSTATTUNG FESTSTELLBARER
. VERMO'GENSGEGENSTANDE
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Il\THALTSVERZEICHNIS
TABLE Of CONTENTS
Sei le(r
'I. ABSCHNITI'
,'ALLGEMEINE VORSCIIRIFTEN
PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article
Artikel 1 -
Basic Principles
II. ABSCHNITI'
ENTZOGENE VERMOGENSGEGENSTXNDE
PART II
CONFISCATED PROPERTY
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
2
3
4
5
6
- Acts of Confiscation
- ' ,Presumption of Confiscation
- Power of Avoidance
- Donations
Bailment and Fiduciary Relationships
1-2
2
2 3
3
3
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikei
Artikel"
7 -
Ar1icle
8 -
Article 9
Article 10
Article 11
Article 12 Article 13, -
•
Person ,Entitled to Restitution (Herein
after called Claimant)
Successorship of Dissolved Associations
Rights of Individual' Partners
Successor Organization as Heir to Perse-,
cuted Persons
Special Rights of Successor Organiza
tions '
' ,
Obligation of Successors in Interest, to
Give Information
'
Designation of Successor Organizations
6. -
Entziehungs'falle
l-~
Entziehungsvermutung
2
2-:'
Anfechtung
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Schenkungen'
3
v~rwa'hrungs- und Treuha:1dverhLiltnis3~
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Artikel -7 ~,Berechtigter3, '
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4
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Article 14 Article 15
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Artikcl . 8 -..: Rechtsnachfolge~ aufgeloster Perwnen
vereinigungen
Artikcl 9 -, Rechte einzelner Gesellschafter
Artikel 10· - Nachfolgeorganisation als
Erbe von
Verfolgten
Artikel 11
Besondere Rechte der Nachfolgeorgani-,
sation des Artikels 10
Artikel 12 _. A1l.'!kunftspfiicht von Rechtsnachfolgern
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Artikel 13, -
Besthnmung; von Naohfolgeorgani
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Artikel 14 - Rlickerstattungspflichtiger
Artikel 15 -,-' RC{;htswirkung der Entscheidung· uber
den ,Riickerstattungsanspruch"
Wahlweiser, Anspruch, auf Nachzahlung
Artikel 16
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Persons Liable, to Make Restitution
5
Effect of air Adjudication of a Resti
tution Claim
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Art(cle 16 - Alte'r'native Claim lOr Additiona~ Pay-' ..
ment ,
5
Artikel 17 - Wertberechnung
Article 17 - Valuation
5
,
IV. ABSCIINITT
PART IV
BEGRENZUNG DER RUCKERSTATTUNG
LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT' TO R:~STITUTION
5
Artlkel 18 - Zwangsenteignung
5
Article 18
Expropriation
Schutz des ordnungsmaf3igen libUchen
Artikel 19
Article 19
Protection of Ordinary and' Usual
fi
Gesc,haftsverkehrs '
,
'
6
Business Transactions
6
Artikel 20- Geld
6
Article 20 - Money
6
ArUkel 21 ,.- Inhaberpapiere
6
Article 21 - Bearer Instruments
Ar'tikel 22 ~ Rlickerstattung bei Veranderung der
Article 22 - Restitution in Event of Changes in the
rechtlichen oder Kapitalslruktur von
Legal or Financial Structure of an
6
Unternehmen
6
Enterprise
des Grundsatzes des
Durchfiihrung
A r!ikel -23.
Article 23
Enforcement of the Principles Set Forth
7
Artiltels 22
7
in Article 22
7
Sonstige Unternehmen
Artikel,24
7
Article' 24 - Other Enterprises
7
Artikel 25 - Zustellung
7
Article 25 - Service
"Artikel 26 - Ersatzleistung bei Veranderung einer,
7 -",
Article 2G - Delivery' of 'a Substitute in Lieu of
,Sache
7:-8
Restitution
Artikel 27 -'- Rlickerstattung eines InbegrifIs von
Article
Restitution of an Aggregate of
8
8 . I
GegensUinden
Pr9perties
',
8
SChuldn'erschutz
Artlkel 28
8
Article 28
Protection of Debtors
V. ABSCHNITT ,
ERSATZ- UND NEBENANSPRUCIIE
PART V
:COi\lPENSATION AND ANCI,LLARY CLAIMS
•
2
3 4 5 -
in. 'ABSCHNITT
.
.
ALLGEMEINE BESTIMMUNGEN UOER DIE
RUCKERSTATTUNG
PART III
GENERAL PROVISIONS ON RESTITUTION
Article
Grundsatz'
8-9
Subrogation
9
Strict Liability
9
Mitigated Liability
Return of Profits' in Case of Simple
9
Confiscation
]0
Article 33 - Release from Liability,
10
Article 34 - Compensation for Expenditures
10
, Article, 35 - Duty' to Furnish Particulars
10
Article 36 'Title to Increase
Article
Article
Article
Article
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
I;:rsatz
Strenge Haftung
Gemllderte Haftung
HemU~gabe von Nutzungen bei
facher Entziehung'
'
Artikel 33
Haftungs a ussch1u13 ,
Artikel 34 - verwendungsa~riiche
(
Artlkel 35,'- Auskunftspfilcht
Artikel 36 - Eigentumserwerb an Frlichten
29 30
31 32
I
29, -
30 -31 - '
32 -
8
!l
9
ein
9
10
10
Ie
1e
�•
Selte(n)
, Page(s)
PART VI
CONTINUED EXISTENCE OF INTERESTS
, AND LIAB.ILITY FOR DEBTS
'
•Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
37
38
39
40
4"1
-
Article 42 Article 43 -
VI. ABSCBNITT
FORTBESTAND VON RECOTEN UND BAFTUNG
FUR VERBINDLlCBKElTEN
Artikel 37 - Fortbestand 'von Rechten
Artikel 38 - Ubergang von Rechten
Artikel 39 - Schuldiibernahme
Artikel 40- O'bertragungsanspruch
Artikel 41 - Haftung fUr Geschift..-verbindlichkeiten
11
Continued Existence of Interests
11
Devolving of Encumbrances'
Personal Liability
11
12
Dem~nd for Assignment
Liabiiity for Debts of e Business Enter
prise ,
12
LeaseS ' , .
12-18
Employment Contracts
18
t1
11
11
12
12
12--18
18
Artikel 42 -- Miet- und Pachtverhiiltnisse
Artikel 43 ,- Dienstvertrige
,i
VII. ABSCBNITT
'ANSPRUCBE DES RUCKERSTATTUNGS
PFLICHTIGEN AUF RUCKGEWXHR UND
AUSGLEICB
Artikel 44 - Riickgewi'hrpfUcht"
Artikel 45 - Zuriickbehaltungsrecht
Artikel 46 ,- Gerichtliche Festsetzung filr Zahlungen
PART VU
CLAIMS OF THE RESTlTUTOR' FOR REFUND
,
AND INDEMNIFICATION
Article 44 ...:- Obligation to Refund
18
18
Article 45 - Equitable Lien
Article 46 - Judicial 'Determination of Terms ~~
14
Payment.
.
Article 47 ....., Claims for Indemnification
14
Article 48 - Lien of Third Persons on Claims, ot the
,
,Restitutor
14
ArtiCle
Article
Article
cle
lcle
•
, Article
Atticle
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
ArtiCle
Article
Article
.
',
•
e 70 i"
Article 7i -
•
.
PARTXl
,
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
Petition by the Public Prosecutor
Conflict of JurisdIction
"
12 ~.
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
'Artikel
Costa
'-j ..•:, .. ; : . :
.,.- ,
Grundsatz
Erbrecht Ulid ~usllindisches Recht'
Todesvermutun~ ,
Sicherungspfiioht
Treuhlinder
Zustindigkeit anderer Behorden
MaBnahmen nach Artikel 52, 53
Artikel 55 --- Zentralmeldeamt
Artill:el 56 -,Form und Frist der Anmeldung
14--15
, ,15'
15
zu
15
15
16
VerhiHtnis zum ordentlichen Rechtsweg 16
t6
Inhalt der Anmeldung
16-17
Ortliche ZusUindigkelt
17
Sachliche Zustlindigkeit
17
Bekanntgabe der Anmeldung
Verfahren vor der WiedergutmaC'hungs~
behorde
17--18
Artikel 63 --Verweisung an das Gericht
18
Artikel 64- Elnspruch
18
Artikel 65 - Vollstreckbarkeit
18,
Artikel 57
Artikel 58
Artikel 59
Artikel 60
Artikel61
Artikel 62
Ar.tikel
18-19
, 19
19
Artikel
ArtU~el
Artikel
-
,X. ABSCBNITT
: GEBlCBTLIciJ:ES VERFAHREN
66 ...;,; BesetzUlng" der:
Wiedergutmaci1ungs
'kammer
'
18
18-19
67 - Yerfahren '
19
68 -- Form und Inhal~ qer Entscheidung
19
69 -- Board ,of Review
XI. ABSCHNITT
BESONDERE VERFABBEN'
Artikel 70 ..;;... Antragsrecht de'%" StaatBanwaltschaft
Artikel71 -Zustlindigkeltsberelnigung
19
20
20
49. -50 :....51 5253 -54 __
IX. ABSCHNITT
ANMELDEVERFABREN
18
'PART XU
ASSESSMENT OF COSTS
Article
V111.ABSCBNITT ,
, 'ALLGEMEiNE VERFAH~ENSBESTIMMUNGEN
PART IX
FILING OF, CLAIMS
55 - Central Filing Agency
15
56 - Form Requirements and Period of Limi
tation for Filing Claims
16
57 ~'Relation to other Remedies,
16
58 - Contents of Petition to be Filed
16
59 ' - Venue
16-17
60 - . Jurisdiction of Subject Matter
17
61 ..,- Notice of Claim
17
62 - Procedure before the Restitution Agency 17 -18,
63 - Reference to the Court
'
18
64 - Appeal (Einspruch)
18
65 - ,Execution
18
A,rticle 67 - Procedure' ,
Article 68 - Form and Contents of the Declsion
Article 69 ' - Board of Review
'
14
Artikel 47 - Rilckgriffsanspriiche
14
Artlkel 48 ~ Rechte Dritt~ an den Ansprilchen des
RiickerstattungspfUchtigen '
14
PART VIU
GENERAL RULES Oll' PROCEDURE
49'- Basic Principles
14-15
50 - Right of Succession and Foreign Law'
15
51 ...:.. Presumption of Death '
15
52 - Safeguarding : '
,
15
53 .-:. Trustee
' 15
54 - Jurisdiction of Other Authorities to Take
Measures as, Set Forth' in Articles 52
15
and'53
PART X ,
'
.JUDICIAL PROCEEDING
Article 66 - ' Members of the Restltution ChaI1l.ber
18
18
xu. ABSCBNlTT
KOSTENBESTIMMUNGEN
' 'Artlkel 72 -- KQsten
n
19
20
20
I,
�Page(s) !
(n)
1
,1
2
2
•
:"13
3
3
3
4
PART XIII
DUTl' TO REPORT AND PENALTIES
Article
Arlicie
,
Article
Article
Article
, PART XIV
RE-ESTABLISHMENT ,OF HIGHTS OF
Article 78 - Exclusion from Inheritance
. 22 .
Article 79 - Avoidance of Testamentary Dispositions
and of Disclaimers of Inheritance
22
Article 80 -:.. Testamentary Disposition of a Perse
22
, cuted PerSon
Article 81 - Re-Establishment 01 Adoptions
22-23
Article 82 - Jurisdiction '
-15
{)
5
5
:.
5
6
-17
XV. ABSCBNITT
WIEDERHERSTELLUNG
VON FlRMEN UND NAMEN
Article 83
Re-Registration . of Cancelled Trade
23
Names
23-24
Article 84
Change of Trade Name
24
Article 85
Names of Corporations
Article 86 ~ Reinstatement of Trade Names in Other
24
Cases
Article 87
Names of, Associations and 'Endowments
24
(Stiftungen)
24
Ar,ticle 88
Procedure '
Artikel 83 Artikel 84 Artikel 85 Artikel 86 .
Artikel,87 -
Article
Article
Article
Article
89
90
91
92
Article 93
Article 94
Article 95
Wiedereintragung einer geloschten'
.Firma
2.'
Anderung der Firma
23
Firmen juristischer Personen
'2-'
Wiederherstellung von Firmennamen in
s~nstigen Fallen
2,
Vereins-' 'und· Stiftungsnamen
2,.,
Artikel 88 - . V~~ahren
. PART XVI
FINAL PROVISIONS
6
6
23
PART XV
REINSTATEMENT OF TRADE NAMES
AND OF NAMES OF ASSOCIATIONS
4
4
73 - Duty to RepQrt
20-21
74 - Obligation' to Inspect the. Land Title
Register and other Public Registers
21
75' - Penalties
21
76 - Penalties (continued)
21
77. - Penalties (continued)
22
Seit.
XIII. ABSCHNITr
ANZEIGEPFLICHT UND STRAFBESTIMMUNGEN
Artikel 73 - Anzeigepflicht
2(}Artikel 74 - Pflichtz~r Ein~icht des Grundbuchs und
anderer offenthcher Register
2
Artikel 75 ..,...., Strafbestimmungen
2
Artikel 76' ~ Strafbestimmungen (Fort.setzung)
,2
Artikel 77 - Stra~estimmungen (Fortsetzung)
2
,
XIV. ABSCHNITT
WIEDERHER~TELLUNG VON ERBRECHTEN
. UND KINDESANNAHMEVERHltLTNISSEN
,Artikel ,78
Erqverdriingung
2
,Artlkel 79 - Anfechtbarkeit von Verfiigungen' von
Todes. wegen und Erbschaftsausschla':
gungen
2:
Artikel 80 :-:- Veifolgten-Testa'ment
2'
Artikel 81 - Wiederll.erstellung von Kindesannahme
verhiiltnissen
22
Artikel 82 - Zustiindigkeit
2:
2<
XVI. ABSCIIN~TT
SCHLUSSBESTIMMUNGEN
c'l~ims Reseryed to Special Legislation 24
Artikel 89 24
Artlkel 90 ...:....
Statute of Limitations
2-1.
Taxes and Other Levies
Artikel 91 Implementing and Carrying-out
ArUkel 92
24-:!5
Provisions
25
.Artikel 93 Jurisdiction of German Courts
25
OffiCial Text'
Artikel 94 25
Effective Date
Artikel 95 -
7
7
-18
'8
8
8
8
-19
9
9
:0
1I1
Vorbehalt~ne AnsprUche " 2 ,
Fr'istenlauf
2~
Steuern und Abgaben
2.:
AusfUhrungs und Durchiuhrunls
vorschriften
24 Zustiindigkeit der deutschen Gerichte
2t
Mal3geblichcr Text
2~
Inkrafttreten
~~
�PART I
EJ..\STER ABSCHNITT
..GENERAL PROVISIONS
ALLGEMEINE VORSCHRIFTEN
•
ARTICLE 1
'. Basic Principles
1. It shall be the purpose of this Law to effect to' the
largest extent pOssi:ble' the ::ij)eedy restitution of identifiable I
property (tangible and intangible; property and aggregates·
of tangible and intangible ·.property) . to persons who :w:ere
wrongfully deprived .of such property within the period
from 30 January' 1933 to 8 May 1945 for ·reasons of race,
reJi!¢on, nationality, ideology or politicar opposition' to
National Socia1i-sm. For the purpose of this Law deprivation
of property ,for reasons of nationality shall not include
measures which, under recognized rules of international law
are usually permissvble against property of nat'ionals. of'
enemy countries.
2. Property shall be restored to its former owner or to
his successor in interest 1n accordance with the provisions
of this Law even though the interests .of other persons who
had no knowledge of the· wrongful taking must be sub:'
ordinated. Provisions of law for the protection' of purcha
sers in good faith, which would defeat restitution, shall be
,disr~garded Izxcept 'where this Law provides otherwise.
PART II
ABSCHNITT
ENTZOGENE VERMOGENSGEGENSTXNDE
.,
),
ARTICLE 2'
Acts of Confiscation
1. Property shall be, considered confi'scated within the
provisians' of th4s ,Law if the person entitled there'to has
been deprived of it, or has failed to obtain it despite a well
founded legal expectancy of acquisition, as th.e result of:
(a) A transaction contra bonos mores, threats of duress,
, or an unlawful taking or any other tort;
(b) Seizure due to' a gov.zrnmental act' or 'by abuse of
such act;
.
(c) Seizure' as 'the result of measures taken by the
NSDAP, its .forma.tions ,or affiliated organizations; .:
,provtided the acts descri,bed in '(a) 'to (c) were caused by
or constituted measures of persecution for any of the reasons
set ,forth in Article 1.
2. It shall not be permissible to plead that an 'act was
not wrangful or 'contra bonos mores because ·it conformed.
with a pI";:!vaiLing ideology concernin,gdiscrimination against
individl,l'als on 'account ,of their race, religion", nationahity,
ideology or their political opposition to National S&cialism.'
_ 3. Confiscation by a governmental act within the. mean- ,
ing of paragraph 1 (b) shall be deemed to include, among
other acts" sequestration, ,confiscation, forfeiture by ,order.
or, operation, of law, and transfer !by order of· the State
or',by
trustee appointed by the State. The forfeiture by
virtue of a judgment of a criminal court shall also 00 con
sidered ,a confiscatian by a governmental act, if such judg
ment has been vacated by order of an appropriate Court or·
by operation of law.
",
. ,
., ,
4. A. judgment or order of a court, or of an administra
tive agency, whiah, although hased on general provil'ions
af law, was handed down solely or primaraly with the pur
pose of injuring the party affected by it for any. of tt:.e
reasons set· forth in Article 1 shall be deemed a spzcific
instance of the abuse of a .governmental act. The· abuse
of a governmental act shall also include the procurement of
a judgme~t or of measures of execution by exploiting the
circum:stance that· the opponent 'was, actually or hy law,
prevented ,from prote<:ting his in terests :by virtue of his race,
. religion, nationality, ideology or, his politi,cal opposition to
National Socialism. The Restitution Authorities (Restitu
a
•
1. Zweck des Cksetzes ist es, die RUckerstattu~g fes'
stellbarer Vennogensgegenstande (Sachen, Rechte
II
begriff~ von: Sachen und Rechten) an Person~n, denen' sie i
derZelt vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945 aus GrtindE
d.et Rasse; Religion, Natiqnalitat, Weltanschauung oder pol:
tlschen Gegnerscqaft gegen den Nationalsozialismus entzogr
.worden sind, im groBtmoglichE!n Umfange beschleunigt, 2
,bewi~ken.
Eine Entzielhung von' Vermogensgegenstande
aus GrUnden der Nationalitat im Sinne dieses Cksetzes el
streckt sich nicht auf MaBnahmen, die unter anerkannte
Regeln des internationalen Rechts Ublicherweise gegen Vel
mogen von Staatsangehorigen feindlicher Lander zulassi
sind
.
2. Vermogensgegenstande nach MaBgabe der Bestim
mungen dieses Gesetzes sind auch dann an'ihren ursprting
lichen Inhaber oder dessen Rechtsnaohiolger zurtid,
zuerstatten, wenn die Rechte anderer Personen, die vo
dem begangen~n t!nrecht keine Kenntnis hatten, zurUck
treten mUssen. Del' RUckerstattung· entgegenstehende Vor
schriften .zum Schutte gutglaubiger El1Werber bleiben auf3e
Betracht, soweit ni:cht in diesem Gesetz etw3$ 'anderes be
. stimmt ist.
~WEITER
CONFISCATED PROPERTY
•
ARTIKEL 1
, Grundsatz
1
ART[KEL 2
Entziehungsfalle
1., Vermogehsgegenstande sind im Sinne dieses Gesetze
entzogen, wenn sie, der ,Inhaber eingebtif3t oder· trotz be
grtindeter Anwartschaft nicht erlangt hat infolge
(a) eines gegen die gulen Sitten verstoBenden Rechts
geschaites oder einer Drohung, oder einer wider
rechtlichen Wegnahme' oder sonstigen unerlaubtel
Handlung,.
'
(b), Wegnalbme durch Staatsakt oder durch MiBbraucl
eines Staatsaktes,
(c) Wegnahme durch Maf3nahmen der NSDAP, ihre
GUederungen oder angeschlossenen Verbande,
sofern dieunter{a) bis (c) fallenden Tatbestande ¢lurch Ver,
folgungsma!3nahmen aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 ver
ursacht wareh oder solche Verfolgungsmat3ilahmen dar·
stellten. .
.
2. Niemand wird mit der Einwendung gehort, seine Hand·
lungsweise sei deshalb nicht rechts- oder sittenwidrig ge
wesen' weilsie allgemeinen Anschauungen entsprochcr
habe, 'die eine Schlechterstellung einzelner wegen !hrcl
Rasse, Religion; Nationalitat,. Weltanschauung oder Ihrel
Gegnerschaft gegen, den .Nationalsozialismus zum Inhal!
hatten.
3. Als Wegnahme' durch Staatsakt im Sinne des Ab~
satz 1 (b) gelten u. a. Einziehung, Verfallerkitirung, Verfal:
kraft' Gesetzes und Verftigung auf Grund staatlicher .Auf·
lage oder durch sta'atlich bestellten Treuhander. Ais Weg:
.nahme durch Staatsruct gilt' auch die Einziehung durcll·
'strafgerichtliches UrteH 'wenn das UrteH durch Genchts'
beschlu!3 oder kraft Ges'etzes aufgehoben worden ist.
4. Als' Mi!3brauch von Staatsaktengiit insbesondere eine
auf allgemeinen V:orschriften beruhende, jedoch ~~S'Schlief3liCh .oder vorwiegend zum Zwecke del' Benachtelhgung de,
Betroffenen aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 ergangene En t
scheidung oder Verfiigung eines Gerichts oder ein~r Ver
waltungsbeh&de, ferner die Erwirkung von Entsche~dunger.
-und Volls-treckungsma!3na:hmen unter Ausnutzung des Um
standes. daB jemand wegen seiner Rasse, Religion, Natio
nalitat 'Weltanschauung oder seiner politischen Gegner
schaft 'gegen den NatiQnalsozialismus zur Wahrung seiner
Rechte tatsachlich oder re<:htlich nicht imstande- war.
Die Wiedergutmachungsorgane (WiedergutmachunlisbchOrde,
�Wiedergutmaehungskammer, .und Beschwerdegericht) haben
eine solche Entscheldung' oder Verfilgung eines ~richts
oder einer VerwaltungsbehOrde als nlchtig zu behandeln
~trative agency whether o~ not it may otherwise be
oboe Rilcksicht darauf, ob sie nach geltendem Recht rechts
appealed or reopened under existing law.
,, '
'kiiiftig ist, und ob sie htl Wiederaufnahmeverfahren an
gefochten werden konnte.
.' Ai ncyRestitutlon Chainber andOberlandesgericht)
~ll ~ega:rd any such judgment ar order ,of a court or
ARTICLE 3
Presumption of ConBScation
1 It shall be presumed in .favor of any claimant that
the' following transactions entered into between ~O J,an~a~
1933 and 8 May 1945 con~titute acts of confiscahon wxthm
the meani,ng of Article 2:
, (a) Any transfer or relinquishment of property made
during a period of persecution ,by any person who
was directly exposed to persecutory measures on
a~y of the grounds set forth, in Article 1;
,
ade
,(b) Any transfer, or rel1nquishmettt of property lIl
by a person who belonged to a class of persons
which on any of the ,grounds set ,forth in Article, I,
was to be eliminated' in its entirety from the cul
'tural and economic life of ~rmanyby measures
taken by the State or the N~DAP.
2: In the absence..,o.f other factors provling an act of con
fiscation wiUl.in the meaning of Article 2, the presumptions
set forth in paragraph 1 maybe rebutted ,by showing that
the transferor was paid a fair purChase price. Such evi
dence by itself shall not, however, rebut the presump'tions
it the transferor was denied the free right of disposal of Ul.e
purchase price on any of the grounds set forth in Article 1.,
3. A fair purchase price vtithin 'the me~nring of this
'cle shall mean theamcni.nt of money which a willing
r would pay and a willing seller would take, taking
consideration, in the case of a commercial enterprise,
•
the normal good will which such enterprise would have in
the hands of a person not subject to persecutory measures
referred to in Article 1.
ARTIKEL 3
Entzlebungsvermutung
1. Zu Gunsten eines Berech tigten wird vermutet, da13 ain
in der Zeit vom 30.Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945 abgeschlos
senes Rechtsgeschiift eine Vermogensentziehung im Sinne
des' Artikel;;, 2 darstel1t:
.
(a) Wenn die Veraullerung oder Aufgabe deS Ver
mogensgegenstandes in der Zeit der Verfolgungs-,
. ms..Unahmen von einer Person vorgenommen wor
den'ist, die Verfolgungsma13nahmen aus GrUnden
des, Artikels 1 unmittelbar ausgesetzt war;
(b) wenn' die Veraullerung oder Aufgabe ,elnes Ver
mogensgegenstandesseitens einer Person vor
genommen wurde, ,die .zu einer Gruppe von Per- .
sonen gehorte, welche in ihrer Gesamthelt aus den
'Grunden des Artikels 1 durch MaJlnahmen des
Staates,oder der NSDAP aus dem kulturellen und
wirtschaftlidhen Leben Deutschlands ausgeschaltet
werden soUte.
. 2. Vorausgesetzt, da\l keine anderen Tatsachen fiir das
Vorliegen einer Entziehung im Sinne des Artikels 2 sprechen,
kann dieVermutung des Absatz 1 durch den Beweis wider';"
leg! werden, daJl dam VeraliJlerer ein angemessener Kauf
preis bezahlt worden ist.'Dieser. Beweis allein widerlegt'
jedoch die Vermutung nieht, wenn dem Veraullerer aus den
Grunden des Artikels 1 das Recht der freien VerfUgung
.
tiber den Kaufipreis verweigert worden 1st.
3. Ein angemessener Kaufpreisim Sinne diesesArtikels
ist. derjenige' Geldbetrag, den ein Kauflustiger zu zahlen
urid ein Verkaufslustiger anzunehmen bereit ware, wobei
bei Geschiiftsunternehmen der Firmenwert (good will) be
rucksichtigt' wird, den ein solohesUnternehmen in den Han
den einer Person hatte, die VerfolgungsmaJlnahmen aus den
Grtinden des ~tikels 1 nicht unterworfen war.
ARTICLE 4
ARTIKEL 4
Power of Avoidance
Anfecbtung
1. Any transactiOn entered into ,by a per~on ,belonging to
l.Der Berech~igte kann ern Rechtsgeschaft, das von einer'
a class referred to in Paragraph 1 ~b) of Article 3 within zur Gruppe des Absatz l(b) des Artikels 3 gehOrigen Person
the period from 15 September 1935 (the date of the first
in der Zeit vom . 15, September 1935 (I;Iatum der ersten
Nuremberg laws) to 8 May 1945 may, because of 'the duress
Nurnberger Gesetze) bis zum 8, Mai 1945 vorgenommen wor
imposed on such class, be avoided by a claimant where such den ist, wegen der Zwangslage, in der sich diese Gruppe
transaction dnvolved the transfer or relinquishment of any befand, anfechten, wenn das Recbtsgeschaft die VerauBe
rung oder Aufgabe eines Vermogensgegenstandes zum ,In
property unless;
halt'hatte, es sei denn, da13
.
(a) The transaction as such and with its essential terms
(a) dasRechtsgeschaftals solches' und mit seinen we
, would have taken place eveh in the absence of
. entlichen Bestimmungen auch oboe die Herrschaft
s
National Socialism, or'
des Nationalsozialismus abgeschlossen ' worden
(b) The transferee protected the prop'erty interests of
wi,ire, oder
'
the claimant (Article 7) or' his ,predecessor in inter
" (b) der Erwerber die Vermogensinteressen des Berech
est in an, unusual manner' and with substantial
1.igten (Artikel 7) .oder seines Rechtsvorgangers in
sucoess, for exarnple,by helping bim in transferring
besonderer Weise und mit wesentlicl:lem Erfolg,
his assets abroad or through similar assistance.
insbesondere durch Mitwirkung bei £liner Ver
2. In determining, under paragraph 1 (a) whether the
mogensiibertragung ins Ausllmd oder durch iihn
transaction would have taken place even in the absenCe of
,',' Hche MaBnahmen, wahrgenommen ha.t;,
.
National Socialism, the fact that
' .
, 2. ,Bel der Feststellung,.oD tiach Absatz 1 (a) das Rechts
the transferor himself offered to sell the property to
geschiiftauch oboe die Herrscooft deS Nationalsozialismus
Ul.e transferee, or
',
, , abgeschloSsen worden ware, konnen die Tatsachen, 'da13 der
tho transferor received a fair purchase price (see . Veraullererden Vermogensgegenstand selbst dem .Erwerber
angeboten oder da13 er einen angemessenen Kaufpreis (Ar
ticle 3, paragraph 3) the free right of disposal, of
iikel3, Absatz '3) erhalten !hat, ohne da13 ihm dabei aus den
ich was not denied him on any of the grounds ,set
Grtinden des Artikels 1 die freie Verftigung tiber den Kauf
rth in Article 1,
•
preis verweigert wurde, zusaminen mit anderen Tatsachen
shall be considered by the Restitution Authority 'together
in Betracht gezogen' werden. Es sollen aber diese beiden
with all other facts, but neither fact, either singly or In con
Tatsachen, jede fiir slch allelo oder beIda zusammen, noch
junction with the other, shall be sufficient to show that the
nicht zum Nachweis dafiir ausreichen, daJl das Rechts
:ransacUon would have 'taken place even in the absence of
gescblift, auch oboe die Herrschaft des Nationalsozlalismus
:,ational Socialism.
'
abgesdhlossen', worden wlire.
�!.
;.
3. Similarly neither of these facts,either si~glY 'or 'in con
junction with the other, shall be sufficient to show' that the
claimant Is estopped from exercising the power of avoidance
by reason of his own previous conduct or that of ~ispre
decessor in interest.
'
4. The term "claim for restitution" as used in this Law
shall be deemed to include all claims based on the right
to exercise ·the power of avoidance. The exercise of· the
power of avoidance shall have the effect that the property
transferred or relinquished pursuant to the voided trans
action shall for the purposes of this Law be deemed to be
confiscated property.
.
5. The filing' of a claim for restitution shall, whether or
not it is specificat'ly stated, be deemed to be an exercise of
the right of avoidance on behalf of the person entitled to
exercise such right.
en
tts
:1n
:in '
)s
ne'
,3. EbensoweniC sollen diese beiden ~atsachen. jede fi
stch alletn oder beide zusammen, zuni Nachweis dafUr au~
retchen. daB der Berechtigte sich durch die Anfcchtung l
unzuUissiger Weise' zu seinem oder seines RechtsvorglingeJ
fruheren Verhalten in Wldersoruch setzt.
4. Der Ausdruck .iRiickerstattungsanspruch" im Sinr.
dieses Gesetzes umfaCt auch das Anfechtungsrecht und, d'
aus diesem folgendeh Anspruche. Die Ausubung des AI
fechtungsrechts· hat die Wirkung, daB der durch dasar
gefochtene Rechtsgeschlift ubertragene oder aufgegcbcr,
Vermogensgegenstand ais entzogenes Vermogen 1m Sim
dieses Gesetzes gilt.
'
, 5. Die Anmeldung eines Ruckerstattungsanspruchs , gi
als Ausubung des Anfechtungsrechts seitens des, Anfecl
tungsberec:htigten ohne Riicksicht darauf, ob in der Anme'
dung eine ausdriickliche AnfechtungsE'rkHirung enthalten i~
ARTICLE 5
ARTIKEL 5
Donatiohs
'Schenkungen
Where a person persecuted for any of the reasons· set
Hat ein aus deri Grunden des Artikels 1 Verfolgter in d!
, forth in Article 1 has transferred property to another gra-'
Zeit vom 30. Jamiar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945einem anderE
ttlitollSly within the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May
Vermogensgegenst~nde unentgeltUch uberI~ssen, so wiI
, 1945, it shall be presumed that the transfer constituted a
vermutet, daB keine'· Schenkung, sondern eIne Verwahru~
bailment or fiduciary relationship rather, than, a donation,
oder ein Treuhandverhaltnis vorliegt. Die Vermutung gl
, This ,presumption shall not a·pp!y where the personal
nicht.sowelt naen dEm pers6nlichen Beziehunger; zwi-~h,
relations between the transferor and the recipient make it
dem 'Oberlassenden und dem Empfanger das Vorhegen em.
prO'bable .that the transfer cons.tituted a donation based on
Anstandsschenkung naheliegt; ein Rtickerstattungsanspru!
moral considerations (Anstandsschenkung); 'no ,clajms for
ist in diesem falle nlcht gegeben,
restitution may be <J.sserted in such cases,
~r
lr
!r
en
les
od'
tet
las
~nJ
!r
If
:gt·
en
'ng
els
'en
::..
n
en
rer'
on
,en
)r
'pe
ARTICLE 6
. ARTIKEL 6
Bailment and Fiduciary Relationships
Verwahrungs- und Treuhandverhliltnis<;e
, 1.. The provisi<>ns of Parts III to VII of this 'La~ ~hall n~t
1. Auf Vel'wahrungsvertrlige und treuhanderische. R'."chl:
apply to bailments and fiduciary agreements entered into
geschafte die die Abwendung oder Verminderung emes a'
in order to prevent damage to property threatened for any
den Gru~den des Artikels i drohenden oder eingetretep<
of the reasons set fortn in Article 1, or to mitigate existing 'Vermogensschadens bezweckten, finden die Vorschriften d
damage to property inflicted for, ~uch reasons.
III, bis VII. Abschnitts dieses Gesetzes keine Anwendun
2. The claimant' (Article 7) may at any time terminate
2, "Vertrlige ~nd sonstige Rechtsgescnafte der in Absatz
contracts and any other, arrangements, described in par
bezeichneten 'Art konnen ohne RUcksicht auf entgegel
stehende vertragliche oder gesetzIiche Bestimmungen v:
agraph 1,' such termination to be effective immediately, ~ny
dem Berechtigten (Artikel 7) jederzeit mit sofortiger WI"
contractual or statutory provisions to the contrary notwIth
kung gekUndigt werden.
.
standing.
3. Der Verwahrer oder Treuhander wird nicht mit ~.e
3. It shall not be an admissible defense for the bailee or
Einwand gehOrt, daB Vertrlige und sonstig~ Rechts~~s.c~af
fiduciary that the contracts and agreements described. in
paragraph 1 violated' a statutory prohibition existing at, the· der in Absatz 1 bezeichneten Art g~gen em zur Zeit ~hr
Abschlusses bestehendes oder spater erlassenes gesetzllch
time' of the transaction, or enacted thereafter," or that a
statutory or contractual form requirement had not been,' Verbot verstoBen, oder daB ein auf Gesetz ,oder Recht.
geschaft beruhendes' Formerfordernis ni~ht. e.rfiillt wurc
complied with, ·provided that t~is failure was ,attributable
sofel'n die Form wegen der nationaisoziahstlschen Her
t9 the National Socialist regime.
schaft nicht eingehalten wurde.
)e
:n
PART III:
DRITTER ABSCHNITT
'e,..
aft
,en
GENERAL PROVISIONS ON RESTITUTION
ALLGEMEINE BESTIMMUNGEN
'UBER DIER'UCKERSTATTUNG
ARTICLE 7 '
Person Entltledto Restitution. (Hereinafter called Claimant)
':h
in
19;
The claim for restitution shall appertain to any person
whose p'roperty was confiscabzd (hereinafter, called Perse
cuted Person) or to any successor in interest.
!r
Successorship of Dissolved Associa,tions
.r
.en
.~.
,
ts
,us
'.-"
ARTIKEL 8
Rechtsnachfolger aufgeliister Personenvereinigungcn
ARTICLE 8
ts
,us
ler
ler
.~h
ARTIKEL'1
Be'rechtlgter
Der Rtickerstattungsanspru~h steht demjenigen zu,' d~
ein Vermogensgegenstand ·entzogen wurde. (Verfolgter) oel
seinem Rechtsnachfolger.
, 1. Ist eine jUristlsche Person oder eine nicht recht~fahi
Personenvereinigung aus den Grunden des Artlkels 1 at.
gelost oder· zur Selbstauflosung gezwungen worde,~, so ka:
del' RUckerstattungsanspruClh, der ihr zustehen wnrde, .~~:
sie nicht aufgelost worden wlire, von ciner v~m der Mlht", .
regierung zu besttmmenden, NachfolgeorganlS8.t~on gelte
gemacht ~erden.,
',
: .
. .'
2. Die Vorschriften des Absatz 1 .linden a~f dIe lz:!, A
tikel 9 aufgefUhtten Gesellsc'haften und junstischen Pf
sonen keine Anwendung.
'1. If a juridical person or uruiricorporated association was
dissolved or forced to dissolve for any of tlfe reasons set
'forth in Article 1 the clai:m for restitution which, would
. have appertained .t~ such juridical person and unincorporated
association had it not ,been dissolved, may be enforced by
a successor organization to be appointed by Military ~vern
ment.,.,
2. The provisions of paragra{Jh -1 srl,l~ll not be applicable
to the organizations referred to in Article 9.
3
�ARTIKEL 9
ARTICLE 9
Rechte einzelner .
Gesellschafter .
•
' R l l h t s of. Individual Partners
.
War eine Gesellschaft odeI' juristische Person des Han
If a partnership, company or corporation ol'ganized under
delsrechts ,aus den GrUnden des Artikels 1 aufgelo51t odeI'
the Commercial Law, was dissolved or forced to dissolv:e
zur Selbstauflosung gezwungen worden,so kann der RUck~
. for any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, the claim for
erstattungsanspruch,solange keine Nachfolgerorganiisation
restitution maybe asserted by any assO"ciatefjpartner,
member or sharehdlder).. The clatim for restitution shall . bestimp1t ist, von jedem Gesellschafter geltend gemacht
werden. 'Dei- RUckerstattungsanspruch gilt als zu Gunsten
·be de,zmed to have been filed on behalf of all assoruates who
ha·ve the same cause of action.. The claim' may b.e with- . . aUer Gesellschafter, denen der gleiche AnspruC'b zusteht, er
hoben. Die Rucknahme des Antrags odeI" ein Vergleich
drawn· or comprom~sed. Qnly with the approval of the
muB von dem Wiedergutmachungsorgan genehmigt werden,.
apprO"priateRestitution Authority.' Notice O!f the filing of
VOl' dem der Anspruch anhangig ist.. V9n der Erhebung
. the claim shall be given to all other known associates or
dE'S Anspruchs mUssen die anderen bekannten: GeseUschafter
their successors in interest and to a successor organiza
tion competent according to Article 10. Within the limits· odeI' ihre RedMsnachfolger' einschlieBlich einer gemiiB Ar
tikel 10 zustandigen Nachfolgeorganisation benachrichtigt
of its authority the successor organization may represent
werden. An die Stelle von Gesellschaftern. deren AnschriEt
in the proceedings ·any associate whose address is un
. unbekannt ist, tritt fUr das Verfahren die Nachfolgeorgani
known, dn accordance with the provisions of Article 1l.
sation im Rahmen, ihrer Befugnisse nach MaBgabe des Ar~
tikels 11.
1. If so ordered by the appropriate Restitution ~uthO"rity
. a claimant who acquired the claim for remitution ~irectly
or indirectly from the persecuted person IShall submit, if.
known to him,. either the address of his predecessors in.
interest, in particular of the. persecuted person, or of hus
heirs, or execute an affidavit to the effect that he does not
know the present address or any data from which it might
be ascertained.
.
2. The successor organization appointed pursuant to
Article 10 shall submit the address of the person entitled .
to restitution, proV'ided it is known to it, or such data
known to it which might serve to locate this person, or an
affidavit l)igned by its legal representative to the effect
that it knows neither the address of the person entitled
to restitution nor any data which might serve to lacatethis
.n.
ARTICLE 13
,
'.'
Designation of Successor Organizations
Re~ulations to b>~ is'sued by Military Gover~en,t .will
prOVide for the manner of apPointment of successor O"r
ganizatlons, their obligations to their persecutee charges
and. any further rights or obligations they may have unde;
MilItary Government or German law. . . . . .
.
4
�, !
ARTICLE 14
ARTIKEL 14.
RUckerstattungspnlchtiger
"
Persons Liable to Make Restitution
~~.
(
·n
:1t
m
r
er
r
gt
ift
ri
,r- '
Effect of an Adjudication
,d
las
lUI
10
ion
i.'
[n
len
948
ge
lng
tel
')en,
'/er
, or!
nit
bei
Ifift
:les
'un~
daI1
lOch
~1.
!!en
!chte
!gie
, 1. Eine dem Rtickerstattungsanspruch stattgebende En
scheidung hataie Wirkung, daB der Verlust des Vermogen
gegenstandes .sIs nicht eingetreten, und spater erworbeJ
Rechte Dritterals nicht er:worben gelten, soweitnichf dies
Gesetz etlwas anderes oostimm1.
2. 'EineEntscheidung iiber den Riickerstattungsanspru'
wirkt fUr und.gegen aIle Personen, die am Verfahren tei
,genommen haben oder zurTeilnahme am Verfahren berec'
tigt waren' und hierzu vorschriftsma~ig aufgefordert wurdc
ARTIKEL 16
Wahiweiser Anspruch
.a~f.
Nachzahlung
1. Der Berechtigte kann unter Verzichtauf aHe sonstig
Anspriiche aus diesem Gesetz verlangen, daB ihm der Er!
erwerber den Unterschied zwischen dem erlangten ,Entg'
und dem angemesssenen Preis (Artikel 3, Absatz 3) d
Vermogensgegenstandes nachbezahlt. Zu dem Unterschiec
betrag treten angemessene Zinsen; hierbei finden die V(
schriften dieses Gesetzes tiber Nutzungen entsprechen
Anwendung.
2. Das Veriangen is\: nicht mehr zulas;ig, .
(a) 'wenn der Vermogensgegimstand dem Berechtigt'
rechtskr1iftig wieder zuerkannt ist,
'(bi wenn hieriiber eine Sachentscheidung der Wied(
gutmaChungsbehorde oder der Wiedergutinachuri.
kammer' ergangen ist,
.
(c)wenn sich der Berechtigte mit dem Riickerst<
tungspflichtigen tiber den Rtickerstattungsanspru,
.' .geeinigt hat.
If he relinquishes aU other claims under this Law the
claimant may demand, from the person who first acquired
tho pronerty. payment of the 4ifference between the price
received and the fair purchase price of the property as
defined in Article 3, paragraph 3. Proper interest shall be
added to this amount in accordance with the provisions on
profits contained in this Law.
'r' 2. The ,demand' for payment shall not 'be permissible:
(a) 'after the property has been r~stored to the claimant
by a judgment no longer subject to appeal; Or
(b) afte~ the Restitution ',' Agency o~ Cham'ber has
rendered a deeision on the merits; 'or
(e) , after the claimant and the restitutor have' reached
an amicable agreement with regard to the restitu
,
tion c l a i m . '
.. ARTIKEL 17 '
ARTICLE 17
Valuation
1. Where the value of ,property is reievant according to
, the provisions of this Law, increases in the price caused by
the decrease of the :purchasin'g power of money shall not :be
considered an enhancement in the value.
2. Future implementing regulations may provide for the
valuation of property which. because not now determinable,
is at present not subject to the property tax. The' provision
of Article 27,paragraph 2 shall remain 'un,affected.
'
Wertberechnung'
J. Soweit es nach den Bestimmungen dieses GesetzCs ,
den Wert cines Vermogensgegenstandes' ankommt, gel1
als Wertsteigerung nicht Preiserhohungen, gie durch v.
minderung der Kaufkraft des Geldes hervorgerufen, sind
2. Fur die Bewertung von Vermogensgegenstanden, .
wegen Unbestimmbarkeit. zUr Zeit nicht zur, Vermogel'
steuer . 'herangezogen werden, bleiben Ausfiihrungsv.
schriften vorbehalten. 'Die Bestimmimg des Artikels
Absatz 2 bleLbt unberiihrt.·
PART .IV
. VlERTER .ABSCHNITT
LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO
BEGRENZUNGDERRVCKERSTATTUNG
RESTITUT~ON
ARTICLE 18
Expropriation
tion
~ch-'
a Restitution Claim
ARTICLE 16
Alternative Claim' for Additional Payment
sie
'leit
De
iem
tat
nen
f)f
'1. Unless otherwise 'provided in this Law, a judgment
directing restitution shall have the, effect that the loss of
the prop~rty shall be deemed not to have occurred and that
afteracauired interests by third persons shall be deemed
not to have been ac,quired. ,',
"
2 .• : Any adjudica1ion of a restitution claim shall beeffec
tive for and' against' any 'person' who participated in the
,proceeding or who, ,being entitled to participate, was duly
served.
n
tes
!e
fer
ARTIKEL 15
Rechtswirkung der Enlscheidung liber den
Riickerslattungsanspruch
, ARTICLE 15
:h
n,
19
Untet den:i Riickerstattungspfliehtigen im Sinne dieses G
setzes zu verstehen ist der derzeitige Inhaber dcr, Eigel
tiimerstellung 'an der entzogenen Sache oder derzeitige, IJ
haber des entzogenen Rechts oder Inbegriffs von Sach<
und Reehten.
The person liable to make restitution (hereinafter referred
mean~ng of this Law, is the
present pcssessor of confiscated tangible property or the
present holder of a ,confiscated intangible interest, 'or of an
aggregate of tangible' and intangible property.
to a's restitutor), within the
Confiscated property which, after the time of confisca
tion, was expropriated for a public purpose, or sold'or
assigned ~o an enterprise for the benefit of which the right of
expropriation could be exercised, shaH not be subject to
restitutiop if on the effective date of this Law the property'
,
.
is still used for a public purpose, and if such purpose is still
recognized as lawful.
2. If property is not sub]' ect to restitution .for the reasons
set forth in paragraph I, the present. owner shall compensate
the claimant adequately to the exten1 to which his claims
pursuant. to Article 29 et seq. infra, do not result in such
compensation'.
1.
ARTIKEL 18.
Zwangsenteignung
.L Entzogene Vern15gensgegenstande, die nach der 'E
ziehung ftir einen offentlichen Zweck zwarigsenteignet 0'
'an ein Unternehmen verauBert oder einem Unternehn
zugewendet wurden, zu dessen Gunsten eine salehe' Zwa,r:
enteignung stattflnden konnte, unterliegen der Ru:
' erstattung nicht, wenn 1m Zeitpunkt des Inkra~tret~ns ('
ses Gesetzes del' Vermogensgegenstand noch fur emen
!entlichen Zweek beniitzt wirdund dieser Zweck noeb
"
,gesetzmiiBig anerkanntist...
2. 'Uhterliegen Vermogensgegenstande ~?s den In J
sati 1 bezeichneten Griinden niebt del' Ruckerstattung,
mufi· der jetzfge EigentUmer den Berechtigten fur den V.
des entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes at;gemessen ~€
schl1dfgen sowelt die Ailspri1che gemafi Artlkel 29 ff., dlf
Gesetzes ~icht zu einer solchen Entschadigung fiihren.
5
�" Ar,.ek.u.D .,
ARTICLE 19
OrdiDary aDd Usual BuSin~1
ARTIKEL 19
TraDSa~tlons
.
'
Schutz des ordnungsmiOlgen o.bUchen Geschliftsverkehrs
~xcePt as 'provided hi Articles 20 and 21; tang~ble personal
property' shall not be subject to restitution if the present
owner or his predecessor -in interest acquired it in the course
of an ordinary and usual business transaction in an estab-'
lishment normally dealing in that. type of property. However.
the provisions of this Article shall not apply to religious
opjects or to property which, has been acquired from private
ownership it such property is an object of unusual artistic,
scientific, or sentimental personal value, or was acquired
at an auction" or at a private sale in an establishment
engaged to a considerable extent in the business of dispos
ing of confiscated property:
Vorbehaltlich der Bestimmungen der Artikel 20, 21 un
terliegen nicht' der RUckerstattung bewegliche Sachen, die
der Eigenttimeroder sein Rechtsvorganger 1m Wege des
ordnungsmiiBigen iiblichen GeSchliftsverke'hrs aus' einem
einschliigigen Unternehmen' erworben hat. Dies gUt nicht
fUr KultgegensUinde; es gilt ferner nicht fUr GegensUinde
von besonderem kiinstlerischen oder wissenschaftlichen
Wert oder besonderem persOnlichen Erinnerungswert.so
fern sle aus Privatbesitz stammtenoder 1m Wege der Ver
steigerung oder von einem Unternehmen erworben wurden,
das sich in erheblichem Umfange mit der Verwertung ent
zogener VermogensgegensHinde befaJ3te.
ARTICLE 20
Money
~RTirKEL 20
Geld
Money shall be subject to restitution only if at (he tim,c
he acquired the money the restitutor knew or ,should have
known under the circumstances that it had been obtained
by way of confiscation.
'.
Geld imterliegt der Rilckerstattung nur, wenn der Rilck
erstattungspflichtige bel seinem Erwerb wuJ3te oder den
Umstlinden nach annehmen muJ3te, daJ3 es 1m Wege der
Entziehung erlangt worden war.
ARTICLE 21
Bearer Instruments
,A~TIKEL 21
Inhaberpaplere
1. Bearet instruments shall not be subject 10 restitution
if the present holder proves that, at the time he acquircd
the, instrument, he neither knew nor should have known
under the circumstances that the instrument had been con
fiscated at ,any time.. Unless special circumstances indicate
otherwise, good faith shall be presumed within the scope
of this provision, if .such property was acquired in the course
of ordinary and usual business transactions, especially on
-the stock exchang-e, and if the :t,ransaction did not involve
a dominant participation,
2. The' provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to
sts in bearer instruments deposited in a central
. , (Sammelverwahrung),
nt
, ' I
.
, . Bearer instruments and interests in bearer iristruments
sha'll. however. be unconditionally subject to restitution if
they represent:
(a) a ,participation in an enter.prise with a small
number of members, such as a family corporation; or
(b) a participation in an enterprise the shareS of which
had not been negotiated on the open market; or
ec)a dominant participation in an enterprise' as to
'which it was known. generally or in the'trade,that
a dominant participation was held by persons who
belonged to one of the classes described in ArticleS,
paragraph 1 (b); or
(d) a domdnant participation in a business estabJ.i8h
ment which was registered under the 'Third
Ordinance to the Reich Citizen Law (Reichsbiirger
gesetz) of 14 June 1938 (RGBI. r, p. 627).
'I, l"er the purpose of sub:sections'(c) and (d) ofparagraph 3,
an,.rticination shall be deempd to be dominant jf it per
mitted the exercise of a considerable amount of influence
upon the management of the business enterprise either by"
itself or on the baSis ofa workint< ::1greement which existed
prlor to or at the time, of the confiscation. ,
1. Inhaberpapiere unterliegen der Riickerstattun£( nicht,
wenn der Inhaber nachweist. daB er zur Zeit des Erwerbs
weder wuBte noch den UmsUinden nach annehinen muB'te,
daB das Inhaberparpier zu Irgerideiner Zeit Geeenstand einer
Entziehung war. So fern nieht b~ondere Uml:Uinde ent
gegenst<:hen, 1st guter Glaubeim Sinne dieser Bestimmung
.anzunehmen. wenn der Erwerb 1m ordnung~miil3igen iib
lichen Geschiiftsverkehr, insbesondere 1m Borsenverkehr
erfole;te. und es sich. nicht um"eine maBgebliche Beteiligung
handelte.'
.
2. Die Bestimmung-en des Absatz 1 finden auch Anwen
dung auf Anteilsrechte an Inhaberpapieren, die sich in
Sammelverwahrung befinden;
3, Inhaberpapiere sowie Anteilsrechtean '~olchen 'unter
liel'!en iedoch bedingungslos der Riickerstattung, wenn sle
darstellen
'
,(a) ('ine Beteili£(une;' an Unternehmen mit l'!"r:nger
Gesellschafterzahl, z. B. Familiengesellschaften.
(b) eine Beteili£(ung an Unternehmen. de"en Antelle
1m ~ 11 e;emeinen Geschaftsverkehr nieht ge'lnmdel t
wurden, '
"
"
(c) eine maJ3gebliche, Beteilie;ung an Unternehmen. von
dene'1 e5 all!!emein oder in G~ch~ftsk"ell"en be
Jnmnt war. daB ('ine mal3J!"bliche Betellieu"e; 1'\-'
,Ihnen in der HAnd von 'Person'7n wa,r. die 7.U
piner der In' Artikel 3, Absatz 1 (b) beze:ehneten
G"unoMl !!etlorten.,
..
.
(d) pine 'm"r"'rebllche Betel1igune; an Gewerb~betriehl'n,
oie auf Grund der rtrltten "('''o,.on,'m!! .,."..., 'Reich~
hurl'!el'<t,.!';P.'tz vom ]4" fi, 1938 fRGBl. r S, 627) in ein
'
Ver7.eichnls f'ine;et.ra!!"'n wurden.
4, Als m"""eh1i~ 1m Slnl'1e ner B<"<'timmun"en' in Ab
~"t?: 3 (d llnn (dl J!i1t f'in", Beteili/mne; d(\nn, wpnn c!o r'!",.,.h
sich aIlel"; odel' auf GrunC!, einer vor oder b",ider 'l':nt
::o:if'hunl! b",stAndenen 'Intel'f'«~tmverblndune pinen .. rheh.-'
lichpn EinfhiB auf die GeschiiftsfUhrung des UnternE>hmenp;
ennogllchte.
''
ARTICLE 22
ARTII{EL 22
Riickerstattung bel VeriinderuDI! der rechtllcben
oder Kapltalstrukttir von Unternehmen '
RestltuU«:," In Event of Changes in the Legal or Financial"
structure of an· Enterprise
.
1st eine Beteiligung der in ArUkel 21 Absatz' 3 bezelch
If a participation of the type described in Article 21. ' netf'!1 Art ent;zogen worden und 1st das Unterni:'hmen selbst
paragraph 3 had been confiscated and if the enterprise had
been dissolved or merged into, or consolidated with, or
transfonned into anQther enterprise, or had been changed in
a . h e r way
'its legal or financial structure, or il it!';
a
had been transferred' wholly or in part to another
e
rise, the claimant, may demand that, he be given an
a!,~ropriafe share In the modified or newly formed enter
priso or In the enterprise which had acquired wholly or In
part the assets of, the original enterprise; therebyrestorlng
as tar as, possible his original participation and the rights
Incident thereto.
I
In
6
allfeelolrt ()C!er mit elnem anderen Unternehmen ver
srhmolzen odel' in ein ander~ Unternehmen umeewaride't
ooer sonstwie in sein.er rechtlichen Struktur ode'!" selner
Kapitalstruktur veriindert worden oder ist dessen, Vermogen
I!"lnz oder feilweise auf f'in Rnder~ Unternehmen iil-)er
t'!"alten wor~en. so' kannder Berechtie;te ver1anlten. daB e" ,
~n dem verlinderten oder neu e;estalteten Unternehmen od~1"
t'I"m Untemehmen, dap; das Verm5gen' d~ UNmriln'e;lichen
Unternehmens ganz rider tellweise {lbernnmmen' hat, in"
f'lner ane;emessenen Weise beteiligt wird. dip, sowelf m5"'-'
llch. spine· ursprilnl!Hche Bf!telUgung unddie aus ihrflle
llenden Rechte wlederherstellt.
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ARTlCLB 23'
Ellforcem.ent '01 . the Principles Set Forth In Article' 22
,._. The Restitution Chamber shall take alll measures ne<;essary
:and.appropriate to effectuaiethe rights granted <1;0 the clai
'mant under Anticle 22, provided his claims under Article 29 et
seq. do not result
sufficient ,indemnification Wlithin the
'pUrview of Article 22. To :that end the Restitu1ion Chamber
shall order; if' necessary, tlhecancellatIon, new issUe or eX
.change of shares, .participation certificates, interim certifi
:ca.tes, and ather instruments ev~deincinga parhlcipatkln; or the
establishment of a partnership relation between the Clai
,mant and the enterprise as described in Article 22, and it
shall order the performance of' any act required by law
in order to effectuate thoseri.ghts.. These measures shall'
be taken primarHy at the expense of those who are liable
to make restitution according to the princip.bes of this Law.
,If such' measures would affect any other shareholder they
·shall be ordered only to the extent to which such ather
·shareholder. benefited directly or indirectly from the con
fiscation in connection· wdth the .facts as· described in Ar
ticle 22; or if the enterprise itself would be liable 10 make
restitution or to· damages under this' Law or under, the
generally applicable rules of law, especially on the principle
'ot respondeat superior.
, ART~CLE 24
Other Enterprises
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The provisions of Articles 22 and 23 shall ·be applicable
it the object of the confiscation was a business owned by
an individual; or 'a participation in a partnershLp or a
limited partnership; or.a personal participation ,in a limited
·partnership <:orporation ~ommanditgesell~aft auf Ak
· tien); or a share in an association wUh limited liability
(Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Hllftung) or in a cooperative;
.01" . a share of a similar legal nature.,
'
.
ARTICLE 25
SerVice',
"-
~
":
'
..
Dorchfil.hrung .des Grundsaues dea ArUkels 22'.
Die Wiedergutn;ulchungskammer hat, soweit die Ansprtic '
~es ~erechtigtEln auf Grund der Artikel 29 11. nicht zu ein
~ Slllnedes Artikels 22 ausreichenden Wiedergutmachui
filhren, ,aIle MaJ3n~~en zu ~effen,· die nO'twendig und g
el~net sllld, die dem Berechtlgten in, Artikel 22 eingeraw
, ten Rechte zu verwirklichen. Sie hat' zu diesem Zweck m
besondere notigenfalls ,die Einzi~hu~~ und Neuausgabe od
den Austausch von Aktien. Antelischemen Zwischenschein,
. und sonstigen Beteiligungspapieren ode; die Begrtindu:.
eines Gesellschaftsverhaltnisses zwischen dem Berechtigt·
und dem in 'Artikel 22 bezeichneten Unternehmen sowie c
Vornahme der zur Verwirklichung der Rechte gesetzli
vorgeschriebenen Handiungen anzuordnen. Diese Ma
nahmen haben grundsatzlich zu Lasten derjenigen zu€
folgen, die belentsprechender Anwendung' der Vorschrift·
dieses Gesetzes 'rtickerstattungspfiichtig erscheinen. ~
Lasten sonstiger Anteilsberechtigter an' dem Unternehm,
sollen solche' MaJ3nahmen nur insoweit angeordnet ,werde
.aIs diese Anteilsberechtigten aus der Entziehung in Verbi:
dung mit dem in Artikel 22 bezeichneten Sachverhalt mitt<
bar oder unmittelbar Nutzen gezogen haben oder das Unt€
nehmen selbst auf Grund von Vorschriften dieses Gesetz
. oder des biirgerlichen Rechts dem Berechtigten zur Herau
'gabe oder zumSchadensers3itz verpftichtet dst, insbesond€
fUr ein Handeln seiner Organe einzustehen hat.'·
ARTIKEL 24
Sonstige Unternehmen
Die Bestimmungen der Artikel 22, 23 finden entsprechen
Anwendung, werui eine E~elftrma oder die Beteiligung
einer Offenen Handelsgesellschaft oder Kommanditgese.
Schaft oder die perwnliche Beteiligung an einef Komma
ditgesellschaft auf Aktien oder. der Anteil an einer Gese'
schaft mit beschrank3ter Haftung oder an einer Genosse.
schaft oder Anteile' ahnlicher rechtlicher Art GegeristaJ
der .:Entziehung gewesen sind.
any assaciate whose present address is unknown, service
,shall be made by publicatiCln pursuant to" Article 61.
ARTIKEL 25
Zustellung
Saweit ~n den Fallen der Artikel 22 bis 24 eine Zustellu
an unbekannte Gesellschafter oder an Gesellschafter, der
gegenwartige Adre.s.se' unbekannt ist, notwendig wird, €
'folgt dieselbe du~h offentliche Zustellung gemiiD Artikel !
ARTICLE 26
Delivery of a Substitute In Lieu of Restitution
1. Where subsequent to the cO'nfiscation the 'objectother~
wisestibject to restitution has undergone fundamental
changes considerably enhancIng its value" the RestItution
Chamber may order the delivery of an adequate substitut(:
in lieu of restitution; in determining the adequacy af the
substitute :the Restitution Chamber 'shall consider the value
·of the property at the time of the confiscation and the
,equitable interests of. the parties, . The, claimant' may,
however, demand the assignment O'f an appropriate share
in the property unless the restitutor offers a substitute of
similar nature and of like value. The claimant may avail
hixIl,self of the provisions of the first and second sentence
above, even if the fundamental change did not result in'
,a considerable enhancement of the value of ttieobject.
.
2. The restitutor shall not be"entitled to benefits of the
provisions of paragraph 1 U he had acquired the object
by way of an aggravated confiscation within the meaning
of Article 30, or if he knew err, should have known under'
the circumstances at the time ,the fundamental changes were'
made that the object at anytime had been obtained by way
of an. 'aggravated confiscation,
3. Where the restitutor has combJ.n~d the object subject
to restitution wi,th another object ,as an essential part thereof,
he may separate the latter O'bject 'and appropriate it. In this'
case, ,he shall restore the objeCt .to its forrner co,ndition
at his own expense Where the claimant obtained possession
ot tl;!.e '. combined objects prior to the separation he shall·
·be. re.quired to permit the separation; he may, however,
ARTlKEL 26
Ersatzleistung bei Veranderung einer Sache
1; Ware cine Sache zurUckzuerstatten, die nach der Er:
~ehung wesentlich verandert worden ist undo da<;lurc~ eic
erhebldche Wertsteigerungeriahren hat, so kann dIe WJed€
gutmachungskammer unter Beriicksiohtigung der :ber~
tigtim Interessen 'der Beteiligten eine nach dem. Wert 0
Sache zur Zeit der Entziehung angemessene Ersatzleistu:
an Stelle der Riickerstattung anordnen. . Der Berechti~
kann jedoch die Einraumurig von Miteigentum zu "a
gemessenem Bruchteil verlangen, es sel denn, daJ3 der Ruc
erstattungspfiichtige sieh zur Ersatzleistung durch Ubf.
tragung ahnllcher. gleidhwertiger Vermogensgegenstiin,
erbietet. Die Bestimmungen der Satze 1 und 2 gelten .
.Gunsten'des 'Berechtigten. auch dann, wenn durch (
wesentliche Veranderung der Sache eine erhebliche Wel
steigerung ntcht eingetreten' ist.
. .
2. Der Riickerstattungspfiichtige kann sich auf die E
'stimmungen des Absatz 1 nicht, berufen, wenn er di~ Sac:
mittels einer schweren Entziehung 1m Sinne des ArtlkeIs
erlangt hat oder im Zeitpunkt der Vornahme der wesentlich'
Veriinderung 'wuBte oder den Umstanden nach annehffi>
mullte, daB die Sache zu irgendeiner Zeit durch cine schw€
Entziehung erlangt worden .,war. .
.
..
3. Hat' der' Riickerstattungspfiichtige mlt der zu:-uc
zuerstattenden' Sache eine andere' Sache als wesenthc~
.Bestandteil verbunden, so. ·kahn er sie abtren~en und SI
anelgnen. Er hat im ,Falle der Wegnahme· di.e Sache ~
seine Kosten in ,den vorigen Stand zu setzen. Erlangt 0
Berechtigte den Besitz der Sache; so ist. er verpftichtet, (
Abtrennnung .. zu gestatten; er kann die Gestattung V€ .
Insofar as it may become necessary pursuant to 'Articles
22 to 24 to make service on any unknown associate or on
7
�ff1r
•
den'mIt der Abtrennung veltnindenen
, \V1thhOld ~, consent'unless seCurity is given to save' htm, ,'welgem. bis fum
armless tram any damage resultlng from the seParation. -'SchadenSich&-helt gele1stet w.I.rd. Das Recht zur Ab
'trennung ist 8u.sgeschloSi>en,. wenn der Rilck!erstattungs
he restitutar shall not have the' privilege of sel?aration If, 'ptuchtdge nach den Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes fOr die
he' is not entitled, to compensation for exp~ditures ac-' Verwendimg Ersatz nicht verliangen kann oder ibm min
cording to 'the provisions of this Law; or if he itS andemnlfled destens der Wert ersetzt w:ird, den <let. BestandteLl nach der
at ieaSt for the, value. which the separable part, of. the ob-. Abtrennung fiir lhnhabenwiirde.'
'
ject would have to him after separation.,
','
4. Bei der Bestimmung, :ob em Verm6gensgegell5tand eine,
4" "In determining whether property has been .enhanced Wentsteigerung iIm Sinne des Aibsatz I, Satz 1erfrahren hat,
in value within the meaning of paragraph 1, sen~ence 1, durfen, Wertsteigerungen" fUr die. der Rilckerstattungs
only such enhancement in value for, whichth,e 're~titut()r , pfiichtige nach .MaJ3gaJbe der Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes
may 'claim compensation under the provisions of tIns Law. keinen Ersatz verlangen kann; zu Gunsten des Rilek
erstattungspfiichtigennich't berilcksichtigtwerden.
shall be taken into account.
ARTICLE 2'7
Rtlckerl!tattung ein~ inbegrift'svon 'OegensUinden
'"' .
Restitution of ~'Agg;egate of, Properties
1. The clai:ritant ~ay not limit his, demand for ~1. Der Berechtigte, !kann die Ruckerstattung eirizelner,
titution to separate items out of an aggregate of propertiesVermogensgegenstande aus einem entzogenen InbegrUI von
'if the aggregate can be returned as a whole and if, the
Gegenstanden'oicht verlangen, wenn der InbegrUr zuril,ck
crstattet werden kann und die, Besohrankurig , der Ruck-,
,
"
limitation of the restitution to separate items would,ineq-,: , erstattung ,auf einzelne Vermogensgegenstiinde zu einer un
uitably prejudice the, restitutor or the creditors.
, bUllgen Schadigung des RuclterstaUungspfiichtigen oder der
, 2. The' claimant may refuse to include'.in his petition GHiubiger 'ftihren wiirde. "
"
any claim against a public agency falling within the scope
2. Befinden sich, unter den Aktiven eines zurUckzuerstat
of Article .1' of ,the Laws on Judicial .Aid for the Equitable' ' tenden geschaftlichen' Untemehmens oeier sonstigen Ver
Settlement of ContraCts, as uniformily enacted, with the ,mogensinbegrdffs Forderungengegen die oilentllche Hand,
consent of the Laenderrat, dn Bavaria, Hesse,andWuerttem-, ,1m Sinne des Artikels 1 der' niit Zustimmung des Lander..,
berg-Baden, where such claims are, among " the assets of rats, einheitlich in den Landern Bayern, Hessen und WOrt
a commercial enterprise or af any other, aggrega,te of tembeig-Baden erlassenenVertragshilfegesetze, so" ist der '
property subject ~ restitution.
'Bez:echtigte ,befugt, dermi {).bernahme abzulehnen.
"
,~
ARTICLE Z8
ARTIKEL Z8
'SchUI!In,er8Chuu'
Until notified of the filing of the petition for restitution,I-st cine FOl'derung, el1 tZogen ' worden, so kann der Schuld
debtor cif a confiscated claim may' discharge his' obli":
ner mit Ibefr,eienderWirkung ,an den, RuckerstattungspfidCih
'on by' paymenil: to the restitu,tor., The same' rule 'shall" ' "tigen leisten, Ibis ,ihm ,die 'Anmeldung des, ROckeriltattungs
anspruohs bekanntgegeben wird. Das' gleiche gilt fOr den
,
"
,
lyin favor o~, a debtor who, prior to, the, entry 'dn ,the jenigen, der, bis zur Eintragung des RUC!kerstattungsvermerks
and Title Register (Grundbtich) ,of an objection to its oder eines Widerspruchs gegen'die Richtigkeit des ,Grund-,
correctness or a notice of restitution makes a payment to ' buchs an einen 1m Grundbucli eingetra,genen RUckerstattungs
pflichtigenleistet. '
'
,
a restitutor. entered in the Land Title llegister. '
PrOtectio~:of Debto~ ,
41
.
PART V
.
.
.,
.
FONFTER ABSCHNITT-
,
, 'EIiSATZ~' UNDNEBENANSPRUCHE
COMPENSATION AND ANCILLARY- ,CLAIMS,'.
.
.
'.
.
. .
,
ARTIKEL 29';
Ersatz
ARTICLE 29
Subrogation
1. Upon requ~st of the claimant, a former holder of con1. ,Em :frUherer Inhaber 'des' entzogElDen V:erm6gensgegen
ftscated, property who would be Uable to restitution if he, ' standes, der rUckerstattungSpfiichtig sein' wiirde, wenn er
were still holding it shilll t'urn over, any compensation or ' . noch Inhaber ware, 'hat 'aufVerlangen des Berechtigten den.
,
abzutreten,'
,', assign any claim for'indemnification w,hlch. hem','"ht ha,ve,Ersatz herauszugeben, ode!', den Ersatzimspruch machenden
...
,
'den er infolge des diErRuckerstattung unmoglich
acquired' in connection with the event preventing' the return UmStandes erlangt hat. ',Der 'Berechtijrte muB slch das, was'
'ot,such property. Whatever the cl,aimant receives from:'one er von,einem ,yon mehreren'Verpftichteten erlangt 'hat, auf
of several restitutors shall be credited against the claims he seine Anspriiche gegen dieubrigen Verpftichteten anrechnen'
holds .against the remaining ones.
lassen.,
.,'
'
2. ,Das gleiche gilt hiils1chtllch des' Ersatzes oder Ersatz
,
,
.
2. The same shall apply with respect to any compensation anspruches, den der Inhaber oder einfriiherer' Inhaber des
or any' claim for compensation which the holder or former entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes fUr eine Verschlecllterung
holder of confiscated properly acquired in connection with desselben erlangt hat.
.
deterioration of such property., '
3.. 1m Falle der Entziehtung eines gescihRftlicheri Unter
,
.
nehmens erstreckt sich der .Ruckerstattungsanspruch auch
3, In case of the confiScation of a business enterprise the ' 'auf die nach der Entziehung fOr <las Unternehmen neu be
claim for restitution shall extend to the assets acquired schamen Vermogensgegenstande, es'sei denn,'d8.J3 der Rilck
after the confiscation, unless the, reBtitutor shows that :such, el'$tattungspfti,chtige nachweist, daJ3 'die Neubeschailung Dicht
assets were not 'paid for with funds of the enterprise; If-mit Mitteln'des Unternehmenserfolgtlst. 1st die Neu
the pur~ase was paid for out of the funds of ~he enterprise~ 'beschailung von' Vermogensgegenstiinden
Mltteln des
a corresponding increase in the value' of the business shall Unternehmens erfolgt,.so gilt eine. dadurcheingetretene
eemedto constitute' profits within the meaning of 'Steigerungdes Wertes des Unternehmens gegenilber dem
,
es' 30, 32, and 33. This rule shall be applicable also toZeitpunkt der Entziehung als Nutzung 1m Sinne der Artikel
. .
30, 32, 33. ' Di.e Bestimmungen gelten entsprechend fUr einen
. .th er aggregat e 0 f property.. If ,the purchase . was not sonstigen 1nbegriil von Vermogensgegenstiinden.. Sowelt die
a ,0
made with funds of the enterprise the restitutor shall have Beschailung nicht mit Mitteln des Unternehmens erfolgt bt,
the privUegeof separation as set forth in Article 26, parasteht, dero Ruckerstattungspftichtlgen das Recht zur Ab
graph 3, provided, ,however, tha~the ellllfmant shall have. trennung nach Artike126, Absatz 3 zit mIt der MaJ3gabe, d'aB,
the privIlege of taking over the. pr,oJ?erty pursuant to Artlcle del' ~erecht!gte das Ubernahnlerecht des' Artikela 26, Absatz'
mit
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, 26, paragraph 3, third sehtenoe only l:t otherw.lse the opera
tion of the enterprise would be hampered considerably.
4., Any claims of the claimant pursuant to ArUcle30 et
, seq. which are more, extensive shall remain unaffected.
3, Satz 3 nur danngeltend machen kanri. wenn obne diese!
Recht der Betrieb des Unternehmens besonders beelntrllch·
Ugt wUrde.
'
,
, 4. Weitergehende Ansprilche des Berechtlgten auf Grum
der Artikel 30 fl. bleiben, unberillirt.
, ARTICLE 30
ARTIKEL,30
Strenge Haftung
strict Liability
1., Wer den entz?genen ~e~ogenSgegenstand von den
Verfolgten mlttels emes gegen dIe guten Sitten verstoBender
Rechtsgeschafts .. ode. durch eine von ihm oder zu seinel
Gunsten ausgeubte Drohung oder durch widerreohtlich,
Wegnahme oder sonstige unerlaubte Handlung eriangt ha
(sch",:,ere ~ntziehung), haf,tet auf SChadensersatz wegen Un,
mogllchkelt der Hel'ausgaoe oder Verschlechterung des ent
zogenen Vermogensgegenstandes" auf Herausgabe VOl
Nuuung~n und auf son-sugen Schadensersatz nach den allge
meinen Vorschriften des "biirgerlichen Rechts iioer del
~chadensersatz wegen unerlaubter Haridlung.
2. Ebenso haitet ein Inhaber oder friiherer Inhaber de:
entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes, der bet' dem Erwerl
desseloen wuBte oder den Umstanden nach annehmcn muBt,
(§ 259 des RStGB). daB dieser zu irgendeiner Zeit durch ein,
schwere Entziehung erlangt worden war.
'3, Soweit ein Anspruch auf Herausgabe von Nuttung be
steht, kann der Berechtigte veriangen, daB iUr deren Be
rechnung ein durch Ausiiihrungsvorschriften zu bestimmen
der, fUr deranige Vermogensgegenstande iiblicher Nutzungs
satz zugrundegelegt wird, sofern nicht diese Richtsatze in
Einzel:iall offenbar in erheblichem MaBe unangemesen sine,
1. Any person who' has obtained the confiscated property
from the persecuted person through a transaction oon,ra
bonos mores or as the resuLt of threats made by him or ,on
his behalf, Or by an unlawful taking or other tort (herein
after referred. to as aggravated confiscation), shall be liable
under the general rules of the Civil Code governing tort
liability for damages arising from failure to return such
property on the ground of impossibility or from deteriora
tion and also for surrender of 'profits and for any other
indemnification provided therein.
2. The possessor or iormer possessor of confiscated prop
erty' shall be subject to tl1e same liability if he 'knew or
should have known under the circumstances (within the
meaning of Section 259 of the Penal Code) at the time he
acquired the property that it had been obtained at any tlme
by way of an aggravated confiscation.
3. If the claimant is entitled to profits he may demand
that they be computed on the basis oi the usual rate of
profits for that particular type of property, such rate to be
specified by an implementing regulation, unless it is mani
fest in an individual case that these standard rules are sub
,stantially inappropriate.
ARTIKEL 31
GemUderte Hartung
'ARTICLE 31
Mitigated Liability
1. Any holder or former holder of confiscated property,
who acquired the property by means of a confiscation not
constituting an aggravated confiscation within the meaning
ot Article 30, paragraph I, (hereinafter referred to as simple
confiscation) shall be liable in damages if he is unable to
return the property or if it has deteriorated, unless he, can.
prove that he has exercised due diligence,
'
2. Any holder or former holder shall be similarly li~ble
from the time when he knew, or should have kru>wn under
the circumstances, that the property at any time h'ad been
obtained by way of a confiscation within the meaning of
this Law.
' "
'3. Where real property or any inter,est in the nature of
real property has been conftscated, ',a possessor or ,former,
possessor shall' be liable according to paragraph I, unless
he 'shows that because of unusual 'circumstances he neither
knew, nor should have known under the' circumstances that
the property at any time ha~ l:leen obtained by way of con
,
fiscation within the meaning of this Law,
1. Auf Schadensersatz wegen Unmogliclikeit der .Heraus
galJe oder Verschlechterung des entzogenen Vermogens
gegenstandes haftet auch der Inhaber oder ein friiherer In
haoer des entzogeneri Vermogensgegenstandes, welcher diesel
durch eine nicnt den Tatbestand des Artikels 30, Absatz
erfiillende Entziehung (einfache Entziehung)erwo'rben ha','
es sei dimn, daB er nachweist, daIler die im Verkehr er
Iorderliche Sorgfalt angewendet hat.
'
2. Ebensohaftet der Inhaber, oder ein Wherer Inhabe
von dem Zeilpunkt an, von dem er weiB oder den Umstan
den nach annehm~n muBte, daB der Vermogensgegenstan,
zu irgendeiner Zeit durch eine Entziehung im Sinne diese
Gesetzes ,eriangt worden ist.
,
'
3. 1m Falle der .lj:ntziehung eiI,les Grundstiicks oder grund
stiicksgleichen Rechtes haftet der Inhaber oder ein friihere
Inhaber nachAbsatil, sofern er nicht nachweist, daB er in'
folge besonderer.; lJmstande weder wuBte, noch den Um
standen nach annehmen muBte, daB der Vermogensgegen
stand zu irgendeiner Zeit durch eine Entziehung 1m Sinn
dieses Gesetzeserlan~ worden iSt.,' ,
ARTICLE 32
Return of PrOfits, in Case of Simple Confiscation
,ARTIKEL 32
, Herausgabe von Nubungen bei einfacher Entzlehung ,
I.' Der Inhaber oder ein friiherer lrihaberaes entzogene:
Verinogensgegenstandes, welcher .diesen zu irgendeiner Ze; ,
dutoh .cine einfache EnUiehung erlangt hat, hat rur die Zei
in der er Nutzungen des Vermqgensgegenstandes gezoge
hat, dem Berechtigten eine angemessene Vergiitung zu enl
richten., Die ~estimmungen des Artikels 31, Absatz 2 und
gelten entsprechend. ,
2. AlS angemessen gilt der Betrag del': gezogencn reine,
Nutzungen, abziiglioh' cines angem'essenen Entgeltes fr,
die' Geschliftsfiihrung des Verpfiichteten. Das Entgelt fil
die Geschii~fiihrung soll 50% der gezogenen Reinnutzunge,
nicht, iibersteigen. es sei denn, daB es slch urn klelnere B~
trage handelt. Nutzungen; die der VerpfUchtete boswllli
nicht' gezogen oder vermindert hat, sind hinzuzurechnel
Die aus dem Relnertrag des Vermogensgegenstandes em
richteten Steuern und die Verzinsung des vom Verpfiichtete
fUr den Erwerb des Vermogensgegenstandes entrichtete
Entgelts sind angemessen zu berilcksichUgen. ArUkel 3'
Absatz 3 gilt, entsprechend.
1. Any holder or former holder of confiscated property
, who at any time obtained such propertY' byway of a simple
confiscation shall pay the claimant adequate compensation
for the 'period' of time in which such holder, enjoyed the
profits of the property. Article 31, paragraphs 2 and 3; shall
be applicable.
,
2, The amount of the net profits of the property less the
ammmt, of ,an, adequate remuneration for management of
the property by the restltutor shall be deemed to be an
adequate compensation. The remuneration ,for management
shall not exceed 50% of, the net profits drawn from the
property, except where relatively small amounts are
involved. Profits which the restitutor willfully diminished
or neglected to draw shall be added. Taxes paid on tQe net
income drawn from the, property and the int~rest on the
purchase price paid by the restitutor shall adequately be
takE!n into consideration. Paragraph ,3 of Article 30 shall,
be applicable.
9
�ARTIKEL SS
ARTICLE 3S .
HaftungsausschluB
Release from Liabllity
1. Der Inhaber oder ein friiherer Inhaber eines entzo'genen
1. A holder or former holder of confiscated ,proJ?erty shall
•
not be. liaple in damag~l?, if he is .unable to return the prop-. Vermogensgegenstandes ist zum Schadensersatz wegen Un
erty or because the pi:operty has deteriorated, ~,or shall he 'moglichkeltder. HE!r~.usgage oder \1i'egen Verschlechterung
desentzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes und zur Vergl:.itung
be liable to account for profits, as long as he nelther knew, .
gezogener Nutzungen ftir die Zeit nicht verpflichtet, wahrend
nor should have known under the' circumstances, that, the
de,r er
annehmen,
property at any time had been obtained by way of cor:\.fisc~-, ' ,muB~e,. weder wul3te noch den' ~mstiin~en nach durch eine
daB' der Gegenstand zu lrgendemer Zeit
tion. The provisions of Article 31, paragraph ,3, shall remam' Entzlehung erlangt worden ist. Die Bestimmung des Ar
unaffected. '
. ,
tikels 31; Absatz .3 bleibt uhberuhrt.
"
.'
." .
2,Profitswhich under 'rules of good husbandry ,are not .' 2. Nutzungen, die nach den Regeln einer ordnungsmliBigen
Wirtschaft riichtals Ertrag' der Sach~. anzusehen sind. sind
to .be regarded as income from such property shall, be re"'
den' Vorschriften des. Burger1iche~
turned in any event, pursuant"to the'rules or'the'CivilCode' , in jedem Falle nach'Herau~gabe einer lmgerecptfertigten Ge
se~buches tiber die
Be
on unjust enrichment.
'
.'
.
relCherung herauszugeben..
.,
3. Fur einen Zeitraurii, fUr welchen' der Berechtigte keine
3. Under no. circumstances sllall remuneration' for
Nlll1:~ung~n bea~spru~hen k,arin, wird ein Entgelt ftir Ge
manag'ement be paid for a period for which the claimant
gcl;laftsfuhrung m. kemem FaIle gewlihrt. .
cannot claim an accounting for profits ..
ARTIKEL 3t
A~TICLE 34
Verwendungsanspriiche
Compe~ation for Expenditures·
1.- Gewohnliche Erhaltungskosten fur den zuruckzuerstat
1. Ordinary expenses for the mafntenanceof property
tenden, Vermogensgegenstarid' sind unbeschadet ihrer Be,.
subject to restitution shall not 'berefunded; they may,
. however, . be taken ipto consideration in determining ,the rucksichtigung bel, Ermittlungder Reinnutzungen nach' Ar
tikel 30 und 32 nicht zu ersetzen.'
'.'
..
net profits under Articles 30, and 32.
.
. 2.. Fur sonstige riotwendige Verwendungenkann Ersatz In
2. For other necessary expenditures compensation. may 'soweit verlangt werden, als sie bel ordnungsmliJ3iger 'Bewirt
be demanded 'to the extent that such expenditures should schaftung des 'entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes noch nicht
not have been written o:f(in the course of proper manage-, als abgeschrieben. zu gelten haben.
"
ment of the confiscated property.
.~, Ftir andere ~ls potwendige Verwendurigen' kann de~
3. F:or. other than necessary expenditures the restiiutor . ~ucke~stattungspfilc,~t~ge Ersatz nur, insoweit verlahgen, als
may. demand compensation only' to' the 'I"xtent·, that such . Sle bel, ordnungsmaBlger B:ewirtschaftung des entzogenen'
expenditures sholJ,ld not have been written off in. the ·cO.urse ·Vermogensgegensta.ndes nocp. nicht . als abge,schrieben zu
proper' management of the confiscated property and only
geIten haben und durch "die Verwendungen der Wert der
the extent to which the value of the property' is. still .
Sach() noch zur Zeit der Ruckerstattung erhOht ist. Die Haf
.
anced by such expenditures at the time of· the restitution.
tung des Berechtigtenbeschriinkt slch in diesem FaIle auf
n this case tl:le liability of the claimant .shall be. limited to den zuriickerstatteten VermBgensgegenstand und diesons~ "
. the restituted p,roperty' and any other compensation to which ti~en ~hm aus der RuckerstattuI)g zustehenden Ansprtiche.
he is entitled under this Law. The exercise of the claimant's Fur die Geltendrp.achung, der Haftungsbeschriinkung finden
die Vorschriften der §§ 1990, 1991 BGB entsprechende An-'
privileges. of limiting his liability shall be governed by wendung. .
. '"
. . , . , .'
.'
Sections 1990 and 1991 cif the' Civil Code .. '
,4. Wer den entzogeneri Vermogensgegenstand zu irgend
. 4. A' person who at any time obtained th~' con:fiscated einer Zeit mittels einer schweren Entzlehung erlangt hat,
property by way of an aggravated confiscation may demand kann Ersatz nur fur notwendige Verwendungem unterden
compensation only for necessary expenditures under the Voraussetzungen .·des Absatz'2 uni:l unter, der welteren Vor
conditions ,set forth in paragraph 2 her.eof. and under the
aussetzung'verlangen" daB die Verwendungen dem Interesse
further condition' that such expenditures were in, thecla1
des Berechtigten entsprachen.. Dasselbe gilt fUr den Inhaber
.\nant's' interest. The same rule shall apply ,to ~ny ,holder . oder einen fruheren Inhaber .des entzogenen Vermogens
or former holder of the. confiscated property from the time' gegenstandesyon dem Zeitpunkt an, von dem'er wuBte oder
when
knew, or should have known under the ciI'cum
den, Umstlinden nach' annehm~n muBte, daB der Vermogens
stances, that the property at any time has been obtained by gegenstand zu irgendeiner Zeit mittels· einer' schweren Ent
way of an" aggravated confiscation. . .
,
zrehung erlangt worden war. .
5. Where the provision of Article '26,' paraggraph 1, are . 5. Fur,. Verwendl,mgen, die' zu einer. wesenmchen' Ver.,
a~derung und dadl:lrchzu einer erheblicherli' Wertsteigerung
.' found to be applicable, no compensation can be claimed' fo'r
emer Sache in:t SlOne des. Artikels .26" Absatz 1 gefuhrt
any expenditures which resulted in a fundamental change
haben, kann kemErsatz. verlangt werden; ,wenn die, Bestim,.
substantially enhancing the value of the' property within
mungen desf\rtikels 26, Absatz 1 Anwend,ung finden.
the meaning, of Article 26, paragraph 1. ,
'
ARTIKEL,·35 '
ARTICLE 35,
" Aus~unftspflicht
Duty to Furl;lish; Particulars
Soweit es' zur GeItendmachun'g von:- Anspruchen auf .
.' The parties shall be liable to' furnish particulars where,
~rund di~~es Gesetzes., notwendig 1st,' sind, die Beteiligfen'
such information is necessary ·to effectuate ciaims under this
emander zur. Auskunftserteilung verpfiichtet. Die Bestim
Law. Sections 259 to 261 'Of the Civil Code shall be mungen der, §§ 259-26,1 BGB·' finden entsprechende An
applicable.
'
,,'
wendung.,
.
ARTIKEL 36
. ARTICLE 36
.
.
'.Eigentumserwerb an Friichten
Title to Increase
.FUr. den Erwerb des Eigenttims an Erzeugnissen und son'
-' p~ovisions of the civil Code shall
applicable to . s tigeh zu den Friichten der entzogenen Sache gehorenden
.
quisltio,n of ,title to the produce and other increase
Bestandteilen geIten die Bestimmungen' des Biirgerlichen
fis~ated property. Where the possesSor!or former pos
•
Gesetzbuches. Hat. ein Besitzer oder fruherer Besnier, die
sessor did not obtain the property by way of an aggravated 'Sache auf andere Weise als mittels einer schweren Ent
confiscation, he shall be deemed to be. the owner of the
ziehung erlangt,so gilter unbeschadet seiner Verpflichtung
produce' and other increase' o'f the confiscated property,
zur Herausgabe.von· gezogenen N).ltzungen als ,EigentUmer
witnout pr~judice,' however, to his obligation to return any
der Erzeugnisse 'uni:l sonstiger Z:u den Friichten der entzoge
nen Sacha gehorenden Bestandteile.
profits.
.
<
.
! .,
t
he
• ",J;,
<
'
be
10
�PART VI
fn.'
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CONTINUED EXISTENCE OF INT,ERESTS
AND LIABILITY FOR DEBTS
I
8ECHSTER ABSC~TT
" FORTBESTAND VON;'RECHTEN UND HAFTUNG
FtJR VERBINDLICHKEITEN
ARTICLE' 3'7
ARTIKEL 3'7
Continued, Existence of Interests
Fortbestand von Recbten
1. Any interest in the confiscated property' s'h'Clll con
1. Rechte an dem entzogenen Vermogensgeg~nstand blel
tinue to be effective to the extent to, which it existed prior
to the act constituting the confiscation, and insofar' as ' it b,en bestehen, sowelt sie bestanden haben, bevor die die Ent
has not been ex~nguished or discharged thereafter. The ,zlehung d~rstelle!lde H~ndlung vorgenommen worden 1st.
same ,shall apply to "any interest created at a later date und sie. seIther mcht getllgt oder abgelost worden sind. Das
Gleiche gilt fur spaterentstandene Rechte soweit die Ge
,to the, extent to whdch the total amount of all claims
samtsumme aller Haupt- u'nd Nebenforderu~gen nicM hOher
(principal and accessory claims) does nat exceed the 'total"
amount of all suoh claim's as they existed prior to the act ist als die Gesamtsumme aller Haupt- und Nebenforderun
constiJ;uting the' confiscation (hereinafter referred to as gen, die bestanden haben, bevor die Entziehung vorgenom
limit of encumbrances). An inrerest which does not involve men worden ist (Belastungsgrenze).' Rechte, die nicht, auf
Zahlung von Geld gerichtet sind, bleiben nur dann bestehen,
payment of money 'shall continue to be effective only
vor
be
where an 'interest of the same kind already existed prior wenn gleichart!ge Rechtespater' der Entziehung bereltsnicht
standen haben und die
entstandenen Rechte
to the confiscation and the interest 'subsequently created
Zeit,
is not more 'burdensome than that existing at the time of lastiger sind als die. zurRechteder Entziehung bestehenden'
Rechte, oder wenn die
auch ohne die Entziehung
the confiscation, or where suoh dnterest would have come
into !existence even though the property had, not'. been .entstanden waren. '
2. Die Belastungsgrenze erhoht slch, 'sowelt Rechte Drit-'
confiscated. '
2. The limit of encumbran<:es shall be raised to' the ter aus Verwendungen herriihren, tiir die der Ruckerstat
tungspfiichtige gemliB Artikel 34 Ersatz verlangen kann,
extent to which 'Clny interest of a third person results from
Sonstige die Belastungsgrenze des Absatz 1 ubersteigende
eXl?enditures for which. the restitutor may claim compen
Rechte Dritter, die aus Verwendungen herriihren, fur die
satIOn pursuant to Article 34. Any other interest of a third
der Ruckerstattungspfiichtlge gemaB Artlkel 34 Ersatz nicht
person which exceeds 'the lin1it of encumbrances set forth
verlangen kann, erloschen, es sei denn, daB der Wert der
in paragraph 1 of thi-s Article and which results from
Sache zur Zeit der Ruckerstattung durch die Verwendung
expenditures· for which' the restitutar cannot claim com
noch entsprechend 'erhoht ist und der Dritte nachweist, daB,
pensation ,pursuant to Article 34 shatl be extinguished.
er weder wuBte noch den Umstanden nach annehmen muBte.
unless et the time of .the ,restitution the value of the objeCt
daB die Sachemittels einer' schweren Ent?:iehung erlangt
is still increased correspondingly as the result of the ex
penditure and the third person shows that he neither knew"
war.
,nor should have known under the drcumsta'nces that the
3. Rechte, die fUr den Berechtlgten oder seinen Rechts
property had been obtained by way of an aggravated can
vorganger an dem zuriickzuerstattenden Vermogensgegen
fl!::cation.
. ' .
3. Interests in the p~operty subject to restitution Which. stand' arilliBlich del' Entziehung begriindet waren, bleiben
ohne'Ruckslcht auf die Belastungsgrenze bestehen. 'An
in connection with the confiscation had.' been created in
spruche des Berechtigten auf Ruckerstattung de-rartiger
favo: of the claimant or his pl,"ed~essor in Interest shall
Rechte, soweit sie ihmentzogen worden sind, bleiben un
contdnue to be effective irrespective of the limit 'of en
cumbrances. This shall be without prejudice to any claim beruhrt.
of the claimant for the restitution of suoh interests in case
4.. Rechte, die aus der Abgeltung der HatiszinsSteuer her
,
•
they had ;been confisoated. '
riihren, mit Ausnahme des Rechtes auf riickstandige Leistun
4. Interests resulting from the conversion of the Home-' gen,bleiben o'hne 'Rucksicht auf die Belastungsgrenze un
Ren~ Tax, with the exception ot' overdue payments, shall
'
contmue to' be effective' irrespective of the Limit of en- beriihrt. '
cumbrances
'
ARTIKEL 38
ARTICLE 38
tJbergang von Recbten
Devolving of Encumbrances
Wenn ein Grundstuck dtirch ein eine Entziehung, im Sinne
If real property has !been encumbered by any transaction,
dieses Gesetzes darstellendes Rechtsgeschaft,,' Rechtshand
leg~l act,. 01:" anygovemmental act constituting a' con~s
lung oder Staatsakt belastet worden ist, so geht das Recht
cahon wlthm the meaning of this Law such an en
aus einer solchen Belastung auf den BerechUgten ,tiber und
cumbrance shall devolve on the claimant' 'and shall not ist bel Berechnungder in Artikel 37 vorgesehenen Be
be considered in computing' the }dmit of encumbrimces -as lastungsgrenze nicht zu beriicksichtigen. Dies gUt, insbe
provided in Article 37, This shall apply particularly to' en
sonderefUr Rechte, die 1m Zusammenhang mit der Reichs
cumbrances which were entered in the- Land Title Reg
fluchtsteuer, Judenvermogensabgabe und ahnlichen MaB
ister (Grundbuch) ·in connection with the Capital Flight
nahmen 1m Grundbuch eingetragen sind.
Tax, the Property Tax on Jews and similar enactments:
ARTIKEL 39
ARTICLE 39
Scbuldflbemahme
.
"..
Personal Liablllty , .
'So,*eit d~rBerechtigte odersein Rechtsvorganger'vor der
If, prior, to the confiscation of real property,the Claima~t
or his predecessor in interest was personally, liable in respect . Entziehung eines Grundstticks personlicher Schuldner einer
Forderung war, tiirdie an dem Grundsti.ick eine Hypo
of any debt which was secured ,by a mortgage land charge
thek Gri.mciSchuld oder Rentenschuld bestelltworden
(Grundschuld) or annuity charge (Rentenschuld) on the real
war,' ubemimmt der Berechtlgte mit derWieder~rlan
property, he shall assume personal Uability at the time of
gung des Eigenrtums dIe personliche Schuld, insowelt als
recovery of title to the extent to which the mortgage, land
die Hypothek, Grundschuld oder Rentenschuld nach den
charge or annuity charge ~ontinues to be effective under ,the
preceding provisions. The same shall ,apply in cas'e of obliga . vorstehenden Bestimmungen beste'hen blelbt. Das gleiche
gilt soweit es ,sich . urn Verbindlichkeiten handelt, beziiglich
tions in regard to which the restitutor may demand to be
der~ der· Ruckerstattungspfiichtige Befreiung gemaB Ar
released pursuant to Article 34 of this Law and Section 257
, of, the Civil Code. The same shall apply also in the case of tikel 34 dieses Gesetzes, § 257 BGB. verlangen kann, Das
liabilities which continue to be effective according to .gleiche gUt femer bel'Verbindlichkeiten, die nach Artikel37,
Article 37, paragraph 1, second sentence, ,and which replace Absatz 1 Satz 2 bestehen bleiben und an Stelle von Verblnd:
lichkeit~n getreten sind, tiir die der Berechtlgte oder sein
charges for which the claimant Or his predecessor in interest
Rechtsvorganger persOnlicher Schuldner gewesen war.
had been personally liable.
11
�\
'"
.1.
.
\
, ARTIKEL 40 .
ARTICLE.40
Demand for Assignment
Ubertragungsansprncb
1. Der Berechtigte kann verlangen, daB ihm eine an dem
The claimant'· may· demand the assigt}ment to him,
zuruckzuerstattenden Grundstuckeinge'tr·agene· Hypothek,
without compensation, of any mortgage,. land cha~ge. or
Grundschuld oder Rentenschuld; die einem Besitzer oder
annuity charge against real property subJect to. restitution
friiheren Besitzer des Grundsti1cks zusteht, del' dieses ·zu
which is held by any holder or former holder of such prop
irgEmdeiner Zeit Inittels ,einer 5chweren Entziehung erlangt
erty' who at any time optained the property by way of an
hatte, entschiidigungslos ubertragen wird.. Dies gilt nicht
aggravated conlfiscation.This shall not apply to the personal
bezuglich del' der Hypothek zugrundeliegenden pers5nUchen
debt on which the mortgage is based. Any interest created
Forderung. Bei Rechten, die vor der Entziehung begriindet
prior to the confiscation shall be subject to the provisions of . worden waren, findet. Artik:el 46, Absatz 3. entsprechende
Article·46, paragraph. 3..
Anwendung.
2. Absatz 1 findet kelne Anwendung auf Belastungen, die
2. The provisions of. this Article shall.not apply to encum- .
gemaO den Vorsclirlften dieses Gesetzes einzutragen sind.
brances:created pursuant to'the provisions of this Law, .
~
.
.
ARTICLE. 41
ARTIKEL 41
Liability for Debts of ·a Business Enterprise
Hartung fUr Gescbartsverbindlichkeiten
LIf the claimant recovers a business enterprise or an
1. . Erlangt del' Berechtigte' ein geschiiftliches Unterne'hmen
other aggregate of p~operties, the creditors holding debts· oder ·einen sonstigen Vermogensinb~griff zuruck, so konnen
incurred in the operation of the enterprise or obligations
die. GHiubiger der im Betrieb des t:J:nternehmens begriln
deten oder auf dem sonstlgen Vermogensinbegriff lastenden .
with which the aggregate of properties has. been encumbered
VerbindHchkeiten von. dem Zeitpunkt del' Wiedererlangung
may, from the time of the recovery, also assert against the
an ihre zu dleser Zeit bestehenden Ansprilche auch gegen
claimant such claims as existed at such time.
den Berechtlgten geltend machen.
2. In this case. the liability of the claimant . shall be lim
2. Die Haftung des Berechtlgtim beschr§nkt sleh auf den
ited to the restituted property and any other compensation
zuriickerstatteten Vermogensgegenstand und die sonsth~en
ihm aus del' Rilckerstattung. zustehenden Anspr(fche. Filr
to which he is entitled under. this Law.. The claimant's
die Geltendmachung del' Haftun£l'sbeschrankung finqen . die
privilege· of limiting· his liability, shall be governed by
. Vorschriften del' §§ 1990, 1991 BGB. entsprechende Anwen
Sections 1990 and· 1991 of the Civil Code. '
dung.
.'
,
3. The. claimant shall not be liable under paragraphs 1
3. Die Haftung des Berechtigten gemaO Absatz 1 und. 2
and 2 to the extent to which the tot.al amount of liabilities
tritt nicht ein, soweit der Gesamtbetrag del' ·Verbindlich
kelten die in entsprechender Anwendung des Artikels 37 zu
exceeds the limit of encumbrances to be computed in an
errechnende Belastungsgrenze Ubersteigt und del' .uberstel
0gOUS application of Article 37,·and InSOfar. as the excess
gende Betrag del' Verbindlichkeiten auch nicht durch einen
e amount of liabilities is not covered by an excess of nach Artikel 29,. Absatz 3 sich er£l'ebenden Mehrbetrag del'
• ets resulting from the application of Article 29, para
Aktiven .J<edeckt erscheint. Die Wiedergutrriachungskammer
trifft in diesem FaIle nach billigem Ermessen die erforder
graph·3. In such case the Restitution Chamber, in its
equitable discretion, s.j1all take the requisite measures in ~fichen MaBnahmen in sinngemaBer· .Anwendungd~~ Ar
tikels 37. Hierbei gehen Verbindlichkeiten, deren Glaubiger.
analogous application of Article 37. Debts held by creditors
beim Erwerb: der Forderung weder wuBten noch den Vm
who neither knew nor should have known under, the cir
standen nach annehmen muOten, daB das Unternehmen oder
cumstances that the business enterprise or other aggregate . der sonstil~e Vermogensinbegriff zu irgendeiner Zeit durch
eine Entziehung im Sinne dieses Gesetzes' erlangt worden
. of properties at any time· had been obtained by way of
war, grundsatzlich, anderen . Verbindlichkeiten VOl'. Bei
confiscation within·the meaning of this Law shall have pref
gleichrangigen Verbindlichkeiten findet, sow-eit erforderlich.
erence. Liabilities of. equal ·priority shall be reduced pro
eine Kiirzung nach dem Verhliltnis ihrer Betrlige statt.
rata, if necessary.
ARTIKEL 42
; ARTICLE 42
Miet- und Pa~htverbliltnisse
, Leases
1. If a restltutor or any Lormer possessor has leased real
. 1. Hat der Rilckerstattungspfilchti.r;e oder eln friiherer
property to a third person, the claimant may terminate ~he
Besitzer ein Grundstuck an elnen Dritten vermletet. odeI'
lease by giving notice, the termination to become effective
verpachtet, so kann .der Berec'htlgte das. Mlet- oder Pacht
on the date prescribed by Law. Such notice cannot be given· ,'erhaltnis mit, der gesetzlichen Kilndigungsfrlst kundigen.
until the Restitution Authority has determined that the
Die Kundigung ist erst zul1issig, wenn die Wiedehmt
property is subject to restitution, and such determination is
machungsorgane die 'RUckerstattungsoflicht rechtskrlUtig
no longer subject to appeal, or until the fact that the. prop
festgestellt 'haben oder diese Pflic-hIt anderweit anerkannt ist.
erty is subject to restitution has been acknowledged in any
Die Kundigung muf3 ,binnen 3 Monaten von dlesem Zeit- .
other way. The notice must be given within three months
punkt oder von del' tatsachlichen'Obernahme des ,Grund
from' such date, or from the date when the claimant in fact
stUcks an, wenn diese spater erfolgt, vorgenommen werden
takes possession of the real property, if he takes ·possession
2. Die Bestimmungen des Mieterschutzgesetzes .in der
at a later date,.
Fassung vom .15. -Dezember1942 (RGBI. I, S. 712) finden
2. The provisions ·of the Law for·the Protection of
kelne Anwendung. auf RUckerstattungspfilchtige oder ..dere~
Tenants (Mieterschutzgesetz) in the version of 15 December
R1echtsvorllan·ger, die·den zuriiCkzuerstattenden Vermogens
1942 (RGBl.. I, page 712) shall not apply to any restitutor
)?;egenstand durch soh'W'l!re Entzlehung erlangt haben· oder
or his predecessor in interest who obtained the property
belm Erwerb wuBten oder den Umstanden nach annehmen
subject to restitution by way of an aggl'avated confiscation
muBten, daB del' Vermoe:ensgeg~nstand· zu irllendeiner
0Wlho, at the time he acquired the property. knew, or
Zeit durch eine sch<were Entzlehung erlangt worden war.
s
have known under the circumstances, that the prop
Die Bestimmrungen des Mieterschutzgeretzes finden ferner
.e
any time had been obtained by way of an .aggravated
kelne Anwendung, 50welt der Berechtlgte Wahnrliume ·filr
co
cation. The provisions of the ·Law for the Protection . slch oder seine nahen<· Angeh'ijrigen zum '8ngemessenen
of Tenants shall also not apply· Insofar as the claimant is
Wohnen . 'benotigt. Das gleiche gilt, ·wenn Wohnraum. der
in need ot· adequate dwelling space tor himself or his. close
1m Ze!tpunkt, del' Entziehung oder der Erhebung des Riick
relatives. Similarly, the Law for the Protection of 'Tenants
erstattungsanspruchs !m ZusammenhaJllI; mit dem .·Betrleb
shall not apply l! dwelling space, which at the time of the elnes zurlickzuerstattenden geschliftlichen· Untemehmens
12
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·;··UAM
cOnfiscation or of the ftli~I' of the petition for restitution was" benutzt Wurde, rur Weitertilhrunl des, Untemehmens be
. n6t1gt wlrd Bel GeschllftsrAumen sind die Bestimmunger:
used In, connection with the operation of 8. business enter
d
prise, subject to r~tltutlon, Is needed for the continued
operation of such enterprise. ,The provIsions of the Law'
es'Mieterschutzgesetzes InsOwelt nicht anwendbar, aIs del
for .the Protection of Tenants shall not be applicable to space
Berechtigte an deren alsbaldlger RUckgabe eln begrilIidetef,
used for commercial 'purposes if' the Claimant has, a legltInteresse hat.
'
,
Imate Interest In the Immediate retum of such space.
,,3, Miet- ouIid Paehtvertrige, die mit Genehmlgung del
, 3. Leases entered into with the approval of Military
Government may be cancelled only with the consent of
MlUUirregierung abgeschlossen. worden sind, konnen nur
Military Government,
mit deren Zustlmmung gekUndlgt werden.
.
Alt.TIKEL 43
Dlenstvertrige
Alt.TICLE 43
Employment Contracts .
Irrespective of any contractual provIsion to the contrary,
the claimant may terminate any existing employment con- ,
tract made since the confiscation by' the restitutor or ~ny
former holder. of 'a busIness enterprise subject to restitution
by gIving notice as provided in a collective labor-agreement.
.or hi the absence thereof within the statutory period; this
shall not, prejudice the right of the claimant to' terminate
an employment contract for just cause withoutnotlce.
Notice cannot be given until the Restitution Authorities have
'determined that the enterprise is subject 'to, restitution and
such determination Is no longer subject' to apDeal, or until
the fact that an enterprise Is subject to restitution has been
acknowledged in' some other way. Such notice must be
given within three months from such date. or from the time
when the claimant In fact obtains possession of the enter
prise, if he obtains possession at a later date.
.
Der Berechtlgte kann laufende DienstvertrAge, die der
RiickerstattungspfiiChttge oder e1.n friiherer Inhaber ellies
zuriickzuerstattenden geschl1ftlichen Unternehmens In dtesem
nach der Entzlehungabgeschlossen hatte, vorbeh'altIlch elnes
etwalgen Recl!.tes auf frlstlose Kiindigung, ohne Riicksicht
aufabweichende Einzel-Vertragsbestlmmungen mit der
tartflichen oder gesetzlichen Kiindigungsfrtst kiindigen .
Die' Kiindigung . ist erst zullisslg, wenn, die Wledergut
machungsorgane '·die Rilcklerstattungspfiicht rechtskraftig'
festgestellt haben oder dlese Pfldcht' anderwelt anerkannt ist.
Siemu13 binnen 3 ;Monaten von diesem Zeltpunkt an oder
,von der tatsiichlichen Obernahme des Unternehmens' an,
wenn diese spiter erfolgt" vorgenommen ~rden.
PART VII
SIEBENTER ABSCBNITr
CLAIMS OF THE R.ES:rITUTOR FOR REFUND
AND INDEMNIFICATION
ANSPRUCHE DES RUCKERSTATTUNGS
PFLICHTIGEN AUF RUCKGEWXHR
UND AUSGLEICH
Alt.TICLE 44
Obligation f.oRefund ,
ARTIKEL 44
RfickgewiihrpJllcht
1. Der Berechtlgte bet dem :R;Uckerstattungspfilchtigen
1. In exchange for the restitution of the confls<:ated
gegen Rilckerstattung desentzogenen Vermogenst!egen
praperty the claimant shall refund to the restitutor the con
Sideration received by him, In ,kind If possible. This amount standes, das' erhaltene Entgelt, wenn moglich, in Natur,
shall be increased by the amount of .any encumbrance herauszugeben. Das Entg.elt erh5ht sich um den Betra,~
against the' confiscated property'. ~xistlng at the time ()f der vor der Entziehungbestehenden und seither getUgten
Belastungen des entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes, soweit
confiscation and diseharged thereafter, unless such encum
brance has been replaced by another encumbrance which an deren Stelle nlcht andere bestehenbleibende Belastungen
getreten sind oder die getil!:l:te 'Belastun~ nieht eelbst. auf
continues to b~ ,:ffectlv.e, and unless the discharged en
cumbrance was created as the result of a confiscation within Grund einer Entziehung ,1m Slnne dieses Gesetzes entstanden
ist.
"
,
' '.
the meaning of tMs law.
2. Findet 1m FaIle der.Entziehung mehrerer Vermogens
.2. Where ~veral Items of property were confiscated for
gegensttinde gegen ein, Gesamtentgelt die Riickerstattung
a consideration consisting of a lump sUm, but restitution
'takes p lace in regard to some 'Of these items only, the lump nur in Ansehung einzelner VermogensgegensUinde' statt, ",0
sum. shall be T,e'duced pro rata, in the ratio which at the 1st das Gesamtentgelt In dem Verhaltnls herabzusetzen. in
time of the confiscation existed between the lump sum and welchem rur Zeit der Entziehung der Vermogensgegenst§nde
das Gesamtentgelt. zu dem Wert der zuriickzuers,t~t!eQ.~~n
the value of those items to be restituted.
3. If at the time of the confiscation tht:! claimant, for Vermogensgegenst§nde stand.
3. Hat der Berechtlgte .bel der Entziehung ganz oder tell
any of the reasons set forth .in Article 1, did not obtain,
weise aus den' Grunden des Artlkels 1 nlcht die freie Ver
wholly or In part, the power .freely to dispose of the eon
slderation received, the refund shall be diminished by a ':fiirung iiber die ·GelO!enleistung des Erwerbers erl~n!:l:t, so
like amount. The claimant shall assign to the restltutor vermindert slch. das :Entg.alt um d~esen ,Betrag. Der Berech
any claim for Indemnification to. which he may be entitled tlgte hat einen ihm etwa zustehenden Wiedergutmaehungs
with respect to this amount.
.
, ,
anspruch dem Rilckerstattungspftichtlgen abzutreten.
4. Der Ber'echtigte hat In kelnem ,FaIle mehr zurllck
4. Under no circumstances shall the claimant be re
quired to refund any amount exceeding the value of the 'zugewtihren. a ls den Wert des entzogenen Verm5gensge~n
confiscated property at. the time of restitution, less the' standes 1m ZeHpunkt der Riickerstattung ab'ZflgUch des
value of the encumbrance.' recogrnzed against 'the property. Wertes der bestehtmbleibenden Belastungen.
Alt.TICLB 45
Equltable LIen
The restitutor shall have no 'equitable lien' (Zul"\.lleck-\
behaltungsreChlt) for his claims Insofar as such lien would
substantially delay the speedy restlbltion of the confiscated
property. The same 'shall apply' to any execution or attach
ment of the confiscated property based on any counterclaim.
Alt.TIKEL 45
Zurfickbehaltungsrecht
Far AnSpriiche des RUckerstattungspfilchtlgen kann eln
Zuriick<behaltungsrecht insaweit nfcht geltend Iremacht
werden aIs dies dIe schleunige Rilckerstattung des ent
zogene~ Vermogensgegenstandes erhebUch verzligern wiirde.
Das .glelche gilt fUr Zwangsvollstreckung und Arrestvoll
ziehung auf Grund von. Gegenansprllchen In die entzogenen
Verm6gensgegenstl.nde.
IS
�.
\
·
\
.
./
ARTIKEL' 46
Gerichtliche Festsetzung fur Zahlungen
ARTICLE 46
.Judicial Determination of Terms of Payment
•
L' Die 'Wied~rgutmachungsargane haben die Zahlungs
1. T,he Restitution Authorities shall determine the terms
b~dihgungEm fur, Geldleistun,gen" ,dieim Zilsammenhang
of payments to be made in c'onnectionwith restitution.
taking into consideration the purpose of this Law, the mIt der Ruckerstattung stehen, unter Berucksichtigung des
Zwccks des Gesetzes. der Zahlungsfiihigkeit des Verpfiich
debtor's ability to pay, and existing statutory prohibitions
teten" ~nd bestehender ,gesetzl1cher Zahlungsverbote und
and limitations on payments.
'Zahlungsbeschrankungen festzusetzen.
2. In cases involving the restitution of real property and , 2. Der Berechtigte kann im FaIle der Ruckersiatturig von
interests in the nature of real property, the claimant. may
GrundstGcken und grundstticksgleichen Rechten veriangen,
demand that an adequate period not exceeding ten years
daB seine Verbindlichk':::iten zur Ruckgewahr des Entgelts
und rum Ersatz von Verwendungen gegen Eintragung einer
l)eallowed for the payment of the refund and expendi
mit 4 v.H, verzinslichen Rtickerstattungshypothek an dem
tures, provided that a refund-mortgage bearing 4 Ofo interest
Grundstuck zu Gunsten des Riickerstattungspfiichtlgen an
be executed on the pro-perty in favor of the restitutor. The
gemessen. jedoch nicht lang~r als 10 J'ahre. gestundet werden·
terms shall be specified by the Restitution Authorities upon
Die naherenBedingungen besLimm<:::n auf Antrag die Wieder
, application.
'
,
..
gutmachungsorgane.
'
3. Incases 'provided for in Article 34, paragraph 3, and
3. In den Fallen der ArHkel, 34. Absatz 3, und 37. Ab
ArtiCle 37. paragraph 2, the Restitution AUi1horities shall satz 2, haben die Wiedergutmachungsorgane die Falligk:eit
determine the ma,turity dates of debts and the terms of vonVerbindlichkeiten 'und die Zahlungsbedingungen so zu
payment in 'Such a. way that the restitution of the confis
reg~ln, daB keinesfalls die Ruckerstattung des ,entzog>2nen
cated property will not be prejudiced under any,' circum
Vermogensgegenstandes geiwhrdet oder die Nutrung dies
stances nor its enjoyment by the claimant unduly impaired.
Berechtigten an demselben unbillig beeintrachUgt wi rd.
ARTIKEL 47
Riickgriffsanspr.uche
ARTICLE 47
Cla!m~
for Indemnification
, 1. Die RuckgriffsansprUche des Riickerstattungspfi!chtigen
gegen· jeden mittelbaren Rechtsvorganger bestimmen sich
naeh den Vorschriften des Burgeflichen Rechts. Die Rtick
erstattungspflicht bildet', einen Mangel im Recht im Sinnf!
des Burgerlichen Gesetzbuches. Die Bestimmung des' § 439
Absafz 1 BGB findet keine Anwendung.
2. Die naeh Absatz 1 zuHissigen AnsprUche konnen im
Fane der Herausgabe einer Sache auch gegen jeden Rechts
vorganger geltend gemacht werden, der beim EI"werb der
Sache nicht' im guten Glauben gewesen 1St. Diese Rechts
vorganger haften als G~samtschuldner. ' Ein Anspruch' gegen
sie ist ausgeschlO'sssen, wenn auch der Rtickerstattungs
pfiichtige nicht imguten Glauben war:
1. Claims for indemnification which the restitutor milY
have against any of his. predecessors in interest shall he
governed by the rules of the Civil Law. The liability to make
rp.~titution shall he deemed to con,:;1:itute il defect in title
within the meaning- of the Civil Code. Spction 439. para
;<r~oh 1 of the Civil Code shall not be aU1)licable.
2, In case of restitution of real or tarigible personal prop
erty. any claim provided -in paragraph 1 may be ilsserted
only a!!.ainst the original party to the contract but also
nst anv predecessor in interest who was not in good
• lth at the time he acquired the property. Such prp.de:
cessors, in interest shall 'be lin'ble as ioint debtors, Thtiy
ilhall not be liable. if the restitutirr himself was not in
good faith.
ARTIKEL 48
ARTICLE 48
Rechte Dritter an den Arisprlichen
des Riickerstattungspftichtlgen
Lien' of, Third Persons on Claims of the Restltutor
, 1. Any interest in confiscated property which ceases t6
be effective pursuant to Article 37 shall remain a lien on
any claim which therestitutor may have for payment of
exoenditures, I'I~fund of consideration and for indemnifi
cation under ,Articles 34. 44 and 47; and on the. proceeds
which the restitutor obtains on the basis of such' claims,
2; This provision shall not apply in fC\vor of such persons
Who by granting loans, have aided an aggravated confis
cation.'
,
1. Recht€' an dem entzogenen' Vermogensgegenstand. die
naeh Artikel 37 hicht an ihm' bestehen bleiben, setzen, sich
fort an dem Anspruch des RGckerstattungspflichtigen auf
Ersatz, von Verwendungen, Rtickgewahr des Entgelts und
Ruckgriff gemaB Artikel 34, 44.,47 und an demjenigen, was
der Ruckerstattungspfiichtlge aUf Grund dieser An-sprue-he
, erhmgt.'· ,
"
'
'
,
"
:,~ "
2. ,Die5e Bestimmung gilt nicht zu Gunsten von Personen,
diezu eiher schweren Entziehung durch Darlehnsgewahrung
Beist,and geleistet haben.
PART VIU
ACHTER ABSCHNITT
GENERAL RULES OF PROCEDURE
ALLGEMEINE VERFAHRENSBESTIMMUNGEN
ARTICLE 49
ARTIKEL 49
Grundsatz~ ,
Basic Principles
, 1. Das Riickers'tattungsverfahren solI eine rasche, und'
1. The restitut'ion proceedings shall be conducted in such
a manner as to bflng aoout speedy and' complete restitution. , vollstandige Wiedergutmachungherbeifuhren. Die Wieder-,'
gutmachungsbrgane konnen' von Verfa'hrensvorschriften. die'
The Restitution Authorities may deviate In individual cases
from procedural rules declared applicable by this Law, if in diescm Gesetz fUr anwendbar erklart ,sind, im Einzelfall
abweichen, wenn dies d~r Beschleunigung der Rtickerstat
to do so will serve to accelerate restitution, provided that
tung dient und dadurch weder, die volle Aufklarung des
;u.eViatiOn d,oes ,not' impair comPlete, investigation of
Sachverhalts noch die Gewahrung des rechtIichen Gehors
'.h
s or the legal right to a fair hearing.
'
beeintrachtigt wird.
,
ascertaining the facts of the case the Restitution , 2. Die Wiedergutmachungsorgane haben' die Lage, in die
\uthorities shall bear fully in mind the circumstances in
der ,Berec'htigte durch die Verfolgungsma13nahmen aus den
\'hich the claimant finds himself as a result of measures of
GrUnden des Artikels 1 geraten 1st, bei der Ermittlung des
lersecution for the, reasons set forth in Article 1. This shan Sachverhalts weitgehend zu berucksichtigen. Dies gilt ins
larticularly apply where the producing of evidence has
besondere; soweit die Beibringung von Beweismitteln durch
,een rendered difficult or i1'ripossible through the loss of
Verlust von Urkunden,. Tod oder Uri'auffindbarkeit von
14
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J
�:
:;.
!s
d
ARTICLE SO
Right of Succession and Foreign Law
L Any 'person who' bases any claim upon a right of suc
cession on death must establish such right.
2. Foreign law must b~ proved so far as it is unknown' to
the Restitution Authorities. .
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n
1,
:s
T
n
••
_ _. _ - • • • • • • - - • • ~~¥ • • -
••••
ARTIKEL 50
Erbrecht und auslindlsches Recht
1. Wer 'Sich auf elne erbrechtliche Stellung beruft, hat
diese nachzuweisen.
2. Auslandisches Recht bedarf des Beweises, sowelt es
den Wi,~dergutmachUllgsorganen unbekannt' 1st.
"
WM
Wenn ein Verfolgter seinen letzten bekannten Aufenthalt
in Deutschland oder in einem von Deutschland oder seinen
AIliierten besetzten oder annektiertem Geblet Mtte und seln
Aufenthalt seit dem 8. Mal 1945 unbekannt ist, ohne daB
Nachric'hten daruber vorliegen, da13 er zu diesem oder einem
' spateren Zeitpunkt noch gelebt hat. so wird vermutet. daB
.er am 8. Mal 1945 verstorben ist. Falls nach den UmsUinden
des,Einzelfalls ein anderer Zeltpunkt des Todes wahrschein
Hch erscheint, so k1)nnen die Wiedergutmachungsorltane
diesen anderen Zeltpunkt 6ls Zeitpunkt des Todes fest
'stellen.
'
I, • '
by 'Germany or its Allies and as to whose whereabouts or
continued life after 8 May 1945 no information is available.
, 'shall be presumed to have died on 8 May 1945; however, ifIt, appears probable that such' a person died on a date other
than 8 May, the Restitution ,Authorities may deem such other
date to be the date of death.
ARTICLE 52
,Safeguarding'
1. The Restitution AuthoritIes shalI; if the' situ"tIon so
requires, safeguard confiscated property'in, suitable, man
'ner. Thp.v m~v, to that end issue temnorarv ini'mctil"ln!'
(einstwe'iIige Verfiigung) or restraining orders (Arrest). either
uoon their oWn motion or 'unon aoplication. Such injunc
tions or orders shalI be modified or vacated if the property
~~n hI' l':afe<'!'1Jard bv anv other mea~ures than tho!':e taken.
or If there is no further need for their continuation.
2. The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure on "Ar
rest und einstwellige VerfUl!Unif', as amended or as here":
after amended, shall be applicable,'
a
•
.
Todesvermutung
Any persecuted pe~on,'whose last' known residence
In
Germany or a country under the jurisdiction of or occupied
I
.
ARTIKEL 51
,ARTICLE Sl
Presumption of Death
,1
:1
3
'
documents, the death Or unavailabUty of witnesses, the .' ZeugEm. Auslandsaufenthalt des Berechtigten und Ihnliche
reSidence abroad of the claimant, or similar circumstances. Umstande, erschwert oder unm1)glich geworden ist. Eides
stattliche Versicherungen des Berechtigten und Von ihm
Affidavits of, thee, claimant and his witnesses shall be ad
benannter Zeugen sind zuzulassen. Dies gilt auch dann
mitted. This shall apply even though the affiant died after wenn die die eidesstattliche Versicherung abgebende Perso~
signing the affidavit.
nach Abgabe der Verslcherung verstorben 1st.
ARTIKEL 52
, ,
Slcbemngspftlcht
' , 1. Die' Wiedergutmachungsorgane haben entzogene Ver
mogenS'l!et;ensstande, wenn ein Bediirfnis besteht, in geeig
neter Weise sicherzustellen. Sie konnen hierZu auf An·trag
f)der von Amts wegen einstweilige Verfiigunlten anordnen
oder Arrestbefehle erlassen. Dlese sind abzu'andern od~r
aufzuheben. wpnn dIe ,Sicherstellung' durch andere als die
,!!etroffenen Mal3nahmen 'erreicht werden kann. oder das Be
diirfnis nach ihrer Aufrechterhaltungentfallt.
2. Die Vorschriften der Zlvilproze!3ordnunt;' tiber Arrest
und eInstweiUge Verfiigungen sind in der jeweils geltenden
Fassung en1sprechend a,nwendbar.
'
ARTIKEL·S3
ARTICLE 53
Trustee"
Treubitnder'
,1. ,In Fallen, in denen fUr entzogene VermOgem3gegen
1. Where supervision of the confiscated property Is nec
stande .eine Ffirsorge erforderllch 1st, ist ein ~reu'hllnder zu
esssary, a 'trustee s'hall be appointed provided no other, hestellf'n. soweil nicht' hierfiir die Zustandigkeit einer ande
'authority exercises jurisdiction ,over such property. '
,ren BehOrde begriindet ist.
2; Ftir die Bestellimg und BeaufSichti!!tmg des Treu
2. Unless provided otherwlseby implementing regulation, "handers gelten die Vorschriften tiber die Verwaltunl! be
the rul~sconcerning the Administration of Blocked Property
schla~ahinten .Vermogens, sow-eit nicht durch AusfUhrungs
vorschriften Abweichendes bestimmt wird.
shall. apply to the appointment and supervision of a trustee.
ARTICLE 54·
Jurisdiction of Other 'Authorities to Take
Measures as Set Forth In Artlcles·S2 and 53
Where the'safeguarding measures described in Articles 52
and 53 are within the jurisdiction of another agency; the
Restitution Authorities }Vill request the appropriate agency
to take such measures.
PART IX
ARTIKEL 54
:Zustindigkeit anderer BebBrden
zu Ma6nahmen nach Artlkel 52. 53
. SoweIt zu, den in ArtIkel 52, 53 'bezeichneten Sicherungs
mal3nahmen andere BehOrden zustandig sind, haben' dIe
;Wledergutmachungsorgane dIese' ~ierUm zu ersuchen.
I
.FILING OF CLAIMS"
NEUNTER ABSCBNITT
.
ANMELDEVERFAHR~N
ARTICLE 5S ,
ARTI~EL 55
,
Central FlUng Agency
Zentralanmeldeamt
I
. 1. A Central Filing Age~cy for the filing of petitions !
1. FUr die Anmeldung von Riickerstattungsanspruchen
for restitution will be established under regulations to be ! wird ein' Zentralanmeldeamt emchtet. Dienaheren Bestim
issued by Military Government.
mungen hieruber erllillt die Militiirregierung.
'2; The Central Filing Agency shall transmit the petition
2. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat die, Anmeldung den zu
to the appropriate Restitution Agency or Ageneies.
standigen WiedergutmachungsbehOrden zu iibermitteln.
•
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15
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�ARTICLE 56 .
. Form Requirements and Period of LImitation
'.
for Filing Claims
1. A petition for restitution pursuant to. this .. ~aw shall.
e suhmLtted .to the Central Filing Agency In wrIting on or
•
. ,before 31 December 1948. Details as to the form of filing
. will be providro in regulations to be issued by Military
Government. .
.
2. The petition shall be, substantiated by documents or
affidavits.'
"
3. The petition may.' be effectively' filed by a.ny one .of
several co-claimants.
4. Any .petition, filed by a person who is not entiUed to
restitution of the property, shall be deemed to have been
effectively ft.led in favor of the true claimant, or where
Articles 8, 10 a·nd Il, are applicable, in favor of the suc
cessor organizations mentioned therein. The same shall ap
ply to the ruing of petition :by any such successor organi
zation.
ARTICLE 57
Be.I.a-tion to .other Remedies
Unless otherwise provided in this Law, any claim with~n.
the scope o( this Law may' be prosecuted only under the
provisions and within the periods of limita·tion, set forth in
this Law. However, any claim based on t~rt, o.utside the
scope at this Law, may be prpsecuted.In ·the ordinary courts.
ARTICLE 58
Contents of Petition to be Flied
1. The petition shall contain a description of the con
fiscated property. Time, place and' circumstances of, the
confiscation shall be stated as exactly as is possible under
clrcumstances. If a claim' as made fo.r the payment
o.ney, tIre sum demanded shall be specifl ed ~ feasible;
.
asis for the claim shall be substantiated.
•
2. So far as known to the claimant, the petition shap·
contain the name and address of the restitutor, the names.
and .addresses of all persons having or cla4ming to have
an 'interest in the, property, lessees and tenants, if any,
and a statement as to all encumbrances eXisting at thoz
time of the confiscation of the property.
.
,
,
,
I
-,
3. The Central Filirig Agency or the iRestitution Author
ities. may request the claimant to supplement ihis petitio.n
by a statement containing the data set forth in paragraphs 1
and 2. They may further· require the claimant to swear
to his statement.
.
4. Uthe cLaimant do.es not haw his do.micile or residence
in one at the four Zones o.f Occupation of Germany o.r in
the City o.f Berlin, and if he has not appointed there an
atto.rney authorized to accept service of legal papers, he
may nominate in his· petition a person do.miciled there,
authorized to receive such papers.. If he .fadls to nominate
such a pernon, the. Restitution Agency shall dq so and
notify the claimant of the appointment.
5. After a petition has been, - filed, a receipt shall be
issued by the Centra't .Filing Agency notifing the claimant
of the RestLtutionAgen'cy or~encies to which the petition
ha.s been transmitted pu,rsuant to Article 55, paragraph 2.
6. The period of limitation pro.vided for in Amicle 56,
paragraph 1, shall be deemed to haveibeen _complledwith
1y the filing o.f ,a ~tten petition with ,the 'Central Filing
\gen-cy, altho.ugh it is incomplete 0.1' in improper fo.rm.
ARTICLE 59
Vc:nue
•
1. Any, petitio.n for restitutio.n shall be transmitted by
':Ie Central Filing Agency to the Restitution Agency of
,e district In which the property subject to 'restitution is
lcated. If it appears that a petition has been transmitted
ARTIKEL 56
Form unci Prist der Anmeldung
1. Riickerstattungsanspruche nach diesem Gesetz !>ind bis
spatestens3t: Dezember 1948 schriftlich bei dem Zentral
anmeldeamt anzumelden. Die naheren Bestimmungen tiber
die Forin der Anmeldu,:!g erla,Bt die Militlirregierung.
2. Der angemeldete Anspruch solI' durch Urkunden oder
eidesstattliche Versicherungen glaubhaft gem~cht werden.
.. 3. D,ie Anmeldung kann rechtswirksam durcli elnen vo.n
mehreren Mitberechtigten erfolgen:
4. Die Anmeldung seitens e!nes vermeintlichen Berech-'
tigten wirkt zu Gunsten des wahren Berechtigten unci unter
den Voraussetzungen der Artikel 8. 10' und 11 zu Gunsten
del' .dort bezeichneten Nachfolgeorganisationen. Das gleiche
. gilt fur die Anmeldung seitens dieser Nachfolgeorganisationen.
ARTIKEL 57
VerhiiUnis zum ol'dentUchen Rechtsweg.
, AnsprUche, die unter dieses Gesetz fallen, konnen, soweit
in diesem Gesetz riichts anderes bestimmt ist, nur im Ver- .
fahren nach diesem Gesetz und unter Einhaltung selner
Fristen geItend gemacht werden. Ansprilche auS unerlaubter
Handlun~; die nicht unter die BestimmunJ:(en dieses Gesetzes
fallen. konnE'n jedoch im ordentlichen Rechtsweg geltend
gemacht werden.
.
ARTIKEL 58
Inhalt del' Anmeldung
1. Die Anmeldung mull "eine Beschreibung des entzogenen
Vermogensgegenstlndes enthalten. Zeit. Ort und Umstiinde
der Entziehung sollen. so genau als es den Umstanden nach
mOldich ist, beschrieben werden;
Soweit· .tunlich, sollen
neld"mmriiche beziffert sein; der. Grund des Anspnlchs solI
.' datgelegt werden.
.
2.. Die Anmeldun~ 5011, soweit dem Berechtigten bekannt,
Namen und Anschrift des RiickerstattunJ:(soflichtigen, Npmen
und Anschrift aner Person en. die ein Recht an dem Ver
mogensgegen!';tand. !laben . odeI' geltend machen, etwaige
Mieter 'und Pachter und·die Angal:>e .der zur Zeit del' Ent
ziehung an dem. Vermogensgegenstand' hestehenden Be
lastungeri enthalten.·
3. Das Zentralanmeldeamt oder die Wiedergutmachungs:'
organe konnen die Erganzung einer Anmeldung durchdie in
Absatzl und 2 vorgesehenen Angaben von dem Bp.rechtig
. ten ··verlangen; siekonnen ihm' die' eidesstattHche Versiche
rung seiner Angaben auferlegen.
4. Hat del' 'Antras!steller seinen Wohnsitz oder gewohn
lichen Aufenthalt nicht in einer der vier Besatzungszonen
Deutschlands oder der Stadt Berlin. und hater daselbst auch
'keh1en zum Em'Ofan!! von. Zwrtellun!!f!n bevollmachtlrt,t,"n,
ProzeBvertreter hestellt. so hat, er in de~ Aml1eldun~ einen
daselbst wohnhaften Zustellungsbevollmachtig"ten zu benen
n~n. Ben<>,.,,,t p.r einen Zustellun<t~hevt)1\m1ichH""~"'" n; ~ht ~o
hat die Wlederltutmachun!!sbehorde f'in,"n sn 1('hp.n zu be
sfellenund den Antragsteller hiervon zu benachrichthtcn.
5. 'O'ber' die erio.Igte Anmeldung ist seitens dE'S Zent~31anmeldeamtes eine Bescheinigung zu erteilen, in der der Be-.
"p~hti!!tp. davon in Kenntn!s gesetzt wi rd. an ,"~l-"'~ A"...
Wiedergutmachun!!sbehCirden die Anmelqung gemaB Artikel
55. Absatz 2 iibermittelt worden ist.
'.
6. Die in Artikel 56, Absatz 1 vorgesehel1e Frist fur die
Anmeld'mg e!nes Ri1ckerstattungsanspruchs gilt als gew~hrt. .
. wenn dlese schriftlich bei dem Zentralanmeldeamt erfolgt
ist.Relbst wenn sie unvollstandi~ und nicht in del' vorge
schriebenen Form vorgenommen worden ist.
, ARTIKEL 59
UrtlicheZustiindlgkelt
1. Das Zentnlanmeldeamt hat die Anmeldung des Riick
erstattungsanspruchs an die Wiedergutmachungsbehorde des
Bezirks zu tibermltteln, In dem sich der zuruckzuerstattende
Vermogensgegenstand befindet.. Erglbt sich die Unzustandig
16
�to' a ResUtution Agency' which lacks jurisdiction, such
petition shall be referred by such Restitution Agency to the
Restitution Agency having jurisdiction. The order of ref
erence shall be. binding' on the Agency to which the peti
tion has been referred.
.
.
.
2. An Implementing regulation may provide for additional
rules on. venue, especi-ally of claims for compensation
and ancillary c l a i m s . ' .
.
ARTICLE 60
I.
keit· einer Wiedergutmachungsbehorde, Goverweist sie den
Riickerstattungsanspruch an die zustlindige Wiedergut
machungsbeh6rde. Der Verweisungsbeschlu13 1st fUr dlesE
bindend. .
. 2. Durch AusfUhrungsverordriung k6nnen weltere Vor
schriften tiber die ortliche Zustandigkelt, 'namentllch zur
Geltendmachung von Ersatz- und Nebenanspriichen, erlassen
werden.
ARTIKEL 60
.JurisdictIon of ~ubJect Matter
The Restitution Authorities shall have jurisdiction of th~
subject matter irrespective of whether under any other
law a claim for restitution. would come within the jurisdic
tion . of 'any ordinary, administrative, or other court,' or
whether no court· whatsoever 'would have jurIsdiction.
Die Wiedergutmachungsorgane sind sachlich zuitandl~'ohne
Riicksicht darauf.· ob unter anderen. gesetzllchen Bestlm
mungen ein Rtickerstattungsanspruch' zur Zustandigkeit der
ordentlichen Gerichte oder der Verwaltungs- oder sonstiger
.Gerichte geh6ren wiirdeoder. der Rechtsweg ausgeschlossen
ware.
SacbUche ZustindigkeU
ARTIKEL 61
Bek~Dntgabe der Anmeldung
Notice' of Claim
1. Die Wledergutmachungsbehorde hat den Rtickerstat
1.. The Restitution A!'!ency shall givl'! notice of the petItion
tungsanspruch den Beteillgten zur ErkHirung binnen zwei
by formal service on the parties concerned requiring. that
Monaten durch formllche Zustellung bekanntzugeben. Be
an answer be filed within two months. Parties concerned
shall be deemed the restitutrir, persons holding interests' teiligte sind der Riickerstattungspfiichtlge, dingllch Berech-.
tigte. Mieter und Pachter des entzogenen Vermogensge.£!en
In rC'!m, le~!"ees or ten::lnts of the confiscated pr....oerh'. '''' ..,(.>11
as any other person the claimant mi~ht demand, to be joined' standes, sowie dieienigen sonsti£!en Betroffenen, deren Ein
beziehung in das Veriahrl'n der BereC'htigte beantragt. Wenn
in the proceedings. If. thf> German Reich. a Land. a former
L::i"d. the former NSDAP or one of Its formations ·or der Beteillgte· das Deutsche Reich, ein Land oder eln frQ
here!': Land. die. vormalige Nationalsozialistische Deutsche
affilliated' organizations is a 'Party concerned, service 'shall
Arbeiterpartel. ein·eihrer Gliederun!,!en oder angeschlos~e
be made unon the State Minister of Finance. In .the cases
nen Organisationen 1st, so erfolgt die Zustellung an den
rlescribed in sentence 3 the' State shall be authorized to
Staatsminister der Finanzen. Das Land ist in den FallFm
join the proceedings as a party in interest
des Satzes 3 berechtigt. als Partei im Verfahren aufzutreten.
2. Where the restitutor or his presf>nt address is unknown
2.. 1st der Riickerstat~unl!spftichtll!e oder 'Seine gegenwli.r
.... t where it aDDears from the petition that any unknown
tige Anschrift unbekannt odei' ist auf Grund der Anmeldung
third person may have an i.nter(->st in the confiscated pron:'
anzunehmen. daB unbekannte Dritte in Ansehung d(->s ent
ertv. the Restitution Agencv shan cause the service by
zogenen Gegenst.andes ReChte bel'litzen, so hat die Wleder
nublication of the petition; the restitutor and -the unknown
..gutmachungsbehi)r:de· die Anmeldung des Rilckerstattunlts
.third persons shan be requeSted thereby, within two month".
ansoruchs offentllch zuzustellen und dabei' die RUc'kef"tat
to dec:lare their interests together with oroof thereof with
t.ungsnfiichtigen und die unbekannten Dritten aU~7uTordern,
tho Restitution . Altencv. Service by tlublication shall be
Ihre Recht.e binnen iwei Monaten bei dp.r WIf>der!!U t
made nursuant to Section 204. paragranh 2. of the Cnde of machunltsbehorde anzumelden llnd 7.U beltriindpn; Die
Civil Procedure' as amended by Control Council Law No. 38
6ffentliche Z1.lsfellung erfolgt naclr Maf:lgabe des ~ 204. Ab
in the. form prescribed for
summons. Service' shall be
iatz 2 df>r ZPO hi der Fassun~ des Kontrollratf!e5et,>:~ Nt:. 38
deempd to be (->ffective one month after tlubIication in the
in der fUr Ladungen .vo.rg~chriebenen ·Form. Die Zu<::telhmg
!!ilt als an dem Taite eriolgt, an wpl~hem 5eit. df'r Fln
periodical specified in Section 204, paragraph 2, of the Coc.ie
of Civil Proeedure.
rikkung in das in Absatz 2 des & 204 ZPO bezelchnete Mit
tei\unq~blfltt. ein Monat verstrichen ist.
3. Upon service of the Detition the case' shall be deemed
3. Die Rechtshangigkeit tritt mit der Ztistellung der An
to be pending (rechtshangig). ..
meldung ein.
4. When the claim for restifution afiects real property
4. Richtet sieh der Ansnruch auf Riickerstattunq einp5
or an interest in the nature of real property, the' Restitu . 1":1"1.Indstii,cks· oder Itrundsttieksglp.i~en Rechtes. so hat. i!i"
tion Agency shall request that an entrY.in the Land Title
Wiedf>1'lttltmachungsbehor'de .die Eintraf!un.g der' Anme1f1ung
Register be made to the effect that a claim· for restitution . de~ Rtickerstattungsansnruchs 1m Gnmdhuch h(.>rbeiwfGhrcn
has been ·filed. (Notice of restitution. Riickerstattungsver
(RiickerstattunlZ~ermp.,.k). .
Der
RUckerstattungsvermerk
merk.) The notice of restitution shall be effective against
w!rkt !legen jeden' Dritten.
any third persori.
. .
5. Die Bestimmll'1gen dpr Zivilnrozef:lordnunq nber die
StreHverkiin'dunct
und Nebeninterverition
finden' p.nt
5. The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure con
sprechende Anwendung.
cerning Third Party Practice shall be applicable.
. ARTICLE 61
a
. ARTIKEL 62 .
'ARTICLE 62
Procedure before the' RestitutIon Agency
1. It no objection has been raised against a petition
within the time specified in' the notice or iIi the service by
publication, the Restitution Agency shall Issue an order
granting the petition. Where there Is no disnute as to the
'limit of encumbrances and as to the continued' existence of
interests, it Shall also make the appropriate findings on.
these matters.
2. It, however, the daim for' restitution does not state
a cause of action, or the truth of. any of the allegations con
tained therein is controverted by entries In public records
or by public documents available to the ~estltution Agency,'
the latter shall order the claimant to submit a' statement
within an app~o?rlate' period of time. The Agency shall
dismiSS the petition on the merits if the .claimant does no~
. 17
, Verfahren vor der Wledergutmachungsbebiirde
1. ·Wird innerhalb 'der Erklarunltsfrist ofler ner. nllrCr
nle offentllehe Bekanntmaehung erfoigten Anmeldefrisf.. keln
WidersnruCh erhoben. so gibt die Wiederltlltmachungsbe
horde durch BeschluG flem Ant.raf! statt. We'1n iiber die·.
:RelastungslITenze unn· den Fartbest:md von RC'Chten keln
Streit ~teht .. so trifft sie auch hieriiberdle erforderllchen
Feststellungen.
.
.
.
.
2. Ist iedoch der Riickerstattun!lsantra~ nlcht 'schlU~!';i~
bemindet oder siehen del" Richtis:keit cler zu ~Iner Be
Itri.indun~ vorgebr"'chten. Behaupturll::ren Eintriige in Xfi"'nt
lichen Ref!lstern on".r offentlichen Urkunde'1. rlle de,. WI"rler
J,!utmachunlZ"b"hnroe vorlie~en. entt:!elten. so h'lt die W;er'l"r
r'11t.ma~hun~sbehorde den Antr!'lltstel1er zur Erk1an'D'! rl",'"
tiber hlnnen elnpr. von Ihr zu setzenoen anlteme~en"'n Frlst
auf:r.ufordern. Wird Innerhalb fler Frist' elne df'n R11cke,:,
stattungsanspruch .• rechtfertlgende Aufkliirung und Ergiin
�submit within this period an expl.anation justifying his
petition or supplementing the facts alleged therein.'
' If an objection is made the Restitution Agency shall
.
empt to reach ~ amicable settleme?t unless the futility,
such eftort is eVIdent. ,When an, amIcable settlement has
•
been reached the Restitution' Agency shall, on application,
'record the settlement in writing, and shall deliver a certified
copy of the settlement to the- parties concerned.
zung des Vorbringens seitens des Antragstellers nicht ge
gebi'm, so hat - die Wiedergutmachungsbehorde den Antrag
als unbegriindet zilriickzuweisEm.
3, Wird Widerspruch erhoben, 'So. hat die Wiedergut
machungsbehorde den Versuch einer giitlichen Einigung zu
machen, sofern nicht die Erfolglosigkeit eines solchen Ver
suc'hs mit Bestimmtheit vorauszusehen 1st. Kommt eine gUt
liche Einigung zustande,so-. hat die Wiedergutmachungs
behOrde die' Vereinbarung auf Antrag schriftlich niederzu
legen und den Beteiligten von Amts wegen elne Ausfertl
gung der Niederschriftzu er,teilen.
ARTICLE 63
,Reference to the Coun
ARTIKEL 63
Verwelsung an das Gerlcht
1. If an amicable agreement cannot be reached in whole
1. Kommt eine glitliche Einigung ganz oder teihveise
or in ,part or if the measures to be taken are not within
nlcht zustande oder ubersteigen die erforderlichen
the power of the Restitution Agency, it 'shall'refer the case MaBnahmen - die Zustandigkeit der' Wiedergutmachungsbe
'to the extent necessary to the Restitution Cha'mber of the 'horde, so verwelst diese insowelt _die Sache an die Wieder
District Court having jurisdiction over the Restitution Agency.
gutmachungskammer des ·fUr den Sitz der Wiedergut
This shall apply In particular also to cases where only the
machungsbehorde zustandigen Landgerichts. Dies gUt ins
limit of. eneumbrance, or the continued existence of inter- -I besondere auch, wenn lediglich liber die Belastungsgrenze,
ests or the liability for debts is disputed.
. den Fortbestand' von Rechten oder die Haftung fUr Verbind
,', -, llchkeiten Streit besteht.
,2. Implementing, regulations may confer jurisdiction on
'2. Durch AusfUhrungsverordnungen kann die Zustandig..,
certain District Courts or on District Courts other than
keit 'alIgemein auf bestimmte oder andere als die in Absatz 1
'those specified in paragraph 1.
'
bezeichneten Landgerichte ubertragen werden.
3. The Restitution Agem:y may stay the proceedings for,
3. Die Wiedergutmachungsbehorde kann das Verfahren
a period not exceeding six months be.fore referring the case
vor der'Verweisung bis zurHochstdauer von sechs Monaten
to the, Restitution Chamber, if the claimant consents and' aussetzen, sofern der Berechtigte zustimmt und eine gutliche
an amicable agreement may be expected."
Einigung zu erwarten ist.
'
ARTICLE 64
Appeal (Einsprucb)
1. Any party to the case,' by filing ,an appeal with the
Restitution 'Agency, may appeal to the Rel1titution Chamber
from a decision of 'the Restitution' Agency rendered pursuant
ticle 59, paragraph 1, second sentence, or Article 62,
raphs 1 and 2; the period in which to file the app'eal
_
..be one month; it shall be three months, if the appel-.
resides in a foreign country., The period to appeal shall
begin to run with the service of the deCision to be appealed
trom. Article 61, paragraph 2, shall be applicable.
2. The appeal may be based only on a v!olatlonof
, Article 59, paragraph 1, second sentence, or Article ()2, par
agraphs 1 or 2.
ARTIKEL 64
Einspruch
1.- Gegen eine Entscheidung' der Wiedergutmachungsbe-'
hOrde gemaB Artikel 59, Absatz 1,:' Satz 2 und gemM Ar-'
t.i1<::eI62, Absatz 1 ,und 2 kann jeder Beteiligte hinnen einem
Monat und wenn er im Ausland seirien Wohnsitz hat,
binnen drei' Monaten die Entscheidunl5 der Wiedergut
machungskammer ,durch' Einspruc'h zur Wi~der!<titmachungs
behorde anrufen. Die Frist beginnt. mit der Zustellung der
anzufeclrtenden Ent.scheidung. Artikel 61, Absatz' 2 flndet
entsprechende Anwendung.
'
2. Der Einspruch kann nur' auf eine Verletzung der Vor
schriften des Artikels 59. Absatz 1, Satz 2 oder des Artikels
,62, Absatz 1 und 2 gegriindet, werden.
ARTICLE 65
ARTIKEL 65'
Vollstreckbarkelt
. Aus den von der Wiedergutmachungsbehorde ausgefertig
'ten Vereinbarungen und aus' den rechtskraftig"ln Be
schliissen der WiedergutmachungsbehOrde ,findet . die
Zwang'svollstreckung nac'h den Vorschriften der Zivl1pro
zel30rdnung statt. An Stelle des Vollstreckungsgerichts tritt
dieWiedergutmachune:~behOrde.
Sie, kann sich bei det
Durchfiihrung del' Vollstreckun£! anderer Behorden, insbe-,
sondere des Vollstreckungsgerichts, bedienen.
Execution
Agreements recorded by the Restitution Agency and orders
of the Restitution Agency which are 'no longer subject to
appeal may be enforced by execution pursuant to the pro
-visions of the Code of Civil Procedure. For this purpose, the
Restitution Agency shall have the powers of a court (Voll
streckungsgericht). In effecting execution, the Restitution
Agency may avail Itself of the services of other agencies,
especially of the courts.
'
PART X
ZEHNTER ABSCHNITT
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
GERICHTLICHES VERFAHREN
ARTICLE 66
Members or the Restitution Chamber
The Restitution Chamber shall be composed of a Presiding
Judge and two Associate Judges, eligible for the office of
judge or for the higher Administrative Service., The Pre
siding Judge shall be a judge normally assigned to a court,
The Associate Judges shall be appointed for a term of three
years, unless they are· professional judges. One of the three
judges shall belong to a class of persons persecuted for any
Of_reasons set, forth in Article 1, ,
ARTIKEL 66"
Besetzung der Wledergutmachungskammer
, Die Wieden;utmachun~skammer besteht aus einem Vor
sitzenden und zwel Beisitzern, welche die Befah!gung zum
Richteramt oder zum hoheren Verwaltun£!sdienst haben
mUssen. Der, Vorsltzende mul3 ein, Richter der ordentlichen
Gerfchtgbarkelt sein: Die Beisitzerwerden, sowelt sie nicht
selbst Berufsr!chter sind, auf die Dauer von drel Jahren
ernannt. Einer der drei Richter soil demKreise der aus
den Griirden des Artlkels 1 Verfolgten angeh5ren.
,
' . ARTICLE 67
,
. Procedure
1. The Restitution Chamber shall 'adjust the legal rela
:ions of the parties In interest according to the provisions
Jt this Law.
ARTIKEL 67
Verfah,ren
1. Di~ WiE~dergutmachungskammer hat die Rechts~
beziehungen der Beteiligten gemal3 dlesem Gesetz zu ge
stalten.
'
18
�t
:u
~:.'
3
I-
i
;e
·n
l
:":'
t
;
e;
1
!
1.
2. Soweit keine anderweitlgen :Bestlmmungen In dleserr,
2. Unless this Law provides oth~e, th~ procedure sh~n
be governed by the rules of procedure appllcablein matters . Gesetz· getrofien sind, sind· fUr das Verfahren die Vor
schriften ilber, das Verlahren in Sachen der fnilwiWger
of non-contentiouS litigation, subject, however, to the follow
GerlchtsbarkeJtmit den folgenden MaJ3gaben' entsprechenc'
ing moditlcatlons:
anwendbar:
'
(a) The Chamber shall order an oral hearing; the
(a) Die Kammer 'mull eine mtindliche Verhandlunt
hearing shall be public.
anordrien. ,Die Verhandlung 1st ' .6ffentllch.
I
.
•
(b) Auf Antrag des Berechtigten kann das Vedahrex
(b) The proceedings may' be stayed for a: period not
bis zur Hochstdauer' von sechs Monaten ausgesetz
to .exceed six months, at the request of the claimant.
"werden. 'Die Aussetzung kann nach Fortsetzunl
Repeated stays may be granted after the case has
des Verfahrens wiederholt wtlrden.
been reopened.
'
(c) Die Wiedergutnlachungskammer hatein Teilurtei.
(c) The' Chainber shall render partial judgment on
hinsichtlich einzelner von mehreren Ansprilcher
one or more of the claims before it, or on part of
oder eines Teils eines Anspruchs zu erlassen, wenr
a claim, wp.ere the determination of any counterdie Entscheidung Uber eineWiderkIage, einen Auf·
, clalm, offset or equitable lien or any other defense
rechnungs8.nsprucb,
ein
Zurilckbehaltungsrech
oder einen iihnlichen Rechtsbehelf die' Entschei·
in the nature' of an offset or a' counterclaim would
dungUber die Rilckerstattung erheblich verzogerr
substantially delay the decision on restitution.
wilrde.
.
(d) Without prejudice to the final decision, the Chamber
(d) Die Kammer kann vorbehaltlich der endgilltiger
may order the temporarY surrender 'of the con
'Entscheidung die vorll!.ufige Herausgabe entzogenel
fiscated property, to the claimant either with or
Vermogensgegenstiinde gegen oder ohne Sicher·
without· security. In this case the claimant shall
heitsleistung an .den Antragsteller anordnen. De:
have, with respect to third persons, 'the rights and
·Antragsteller 'hat in diesem FaIle gegenUber Drit,
obliga'tioris of a trustee.
ten die. Rechtsstellung eines Treuhiinders.
n
n
,e
'
n
t,
,s
'
Form und Inhalt, der Entscheidung
Form and Contents of tbe Decision
,1. Die Wiedergutmachungskammer entscheidet durcl
1. The decision of the Restitution Chamber shall be pro
nounced in an order supported by ,an opinion; the order einen mit GrUnden versehenen Beschlull, der den Beteilig
shall be served on the parties concerned. Immediate exe
ten zuzustellen ist. Der Beschlull 1st vorUiufig vollstreck
cution may be bad on this' order, a subsequent appeal
bar. §§ 713, Absatz 2, 713a bis 720 ZPO finden ent·
notwithstanding. The provisions. of Sections 713, para
sprechende Anwendung.
graph 2,and Sections. 713a to 720 of the Code of Civil
2. Gegen den Beschlull findet innerhalb elner Frist VOl
Procedure shall be applic~ble.·
.
"
,
"
einem Monat und wenn' dei Beschwerdefilhrer seinel
'2. An appeal (sofortige Beschwerde) may be taken from. Wohnsitz imAusland hat, innerhalb einer Frist von dre
this order within one month; the appeal may be filed within Monaten die sofortige Beschwerde statt. Die Fris! beginn'
three months if the appellan~ resides in a· foreign country; mit der Zustellung; Artikel 61, Absatz 2 findet ent
The time to a'ppeal shall begin to run from the date of
service of the order; Article 61, paragraph 2, shall' be sprechende Anwendung. Uber die Beschwerde entscheide
applicable. The Civil Division of the Court ,of Appeals der. Zivilsenat des Oberlandesgerichts. Die Beschwerd,
(Oberlaridesgericht) shall hear the appeal. The appeal may
kann .nur dara uf gestUtzt werden, dall die Entscheidung au
be based only on the ground that the decision violated the
einer Verletzung des Gesetzes beruhe. Die Vorschriften de
law. The provisions, of Sections 551, 561 and 563 of the §§, 551, 561, 563 'ZPO 'finden entsprechende Anwendung.
'
Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable.
" 3; Durch AUsfUlirungsverordnungen kann die Zustiindig
3. Implementing regulations may confer jurisdiction to keit' zur Entseheidung tiber Beschwerden allgemein auf eine
von mebreren Obei'landesgerichten Ubertragen werden.
hear such appeals on. a certaln Court of Appeals.
e
t
r
ARTIKEL 68
ARTICLE 68
, ARTIKEL 69
ARTICLE 69
Board of RevIew
Board of Review
EinBoard of Review ist' ermiichtigt, aIle Entscheidunge)
A Board of Review shall have the power to reviev~; any
decision on any claim ,for restitution under this Law and nachzuprilfen" die einen nach Ma13gabe dieses Gesetzes er
hobenen, Rtickerstattungsanspruch betreffen, sowie die nac
to take whatever, action is deexned necessary with respecl
'thereto. Regulations to be issued by MilitarY Government Sachlage etforderlichen MaBnahmen zu ergreifen. 'AusfUh
will provide for the appointment and ,composition of the rungsvorschriften der Militiirregierung werden die Ernen
nung urid Zusammensetzung des Board, seine ZusUindigkei'
Board, its jurisdiction, procedure, and such other matte"
das Verfahren und alle weiteren Einzelheiten regeln .
as. are deemed appropriate.
.PART XI
1 '
, 1
t
.1
ELFTER ABSCHNITT
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
,BESONDEREVERFAHREN
ARTIKEL 70
, ARTICLE 70
"
Antragsrecht der Staatsanwaitschaft
Petltlon by the Publlc Prosecutor .
Wird bezilglich entzogi:mer Vermogensgegenstande ·ei,
Where no pebition for the restitution of confiScated prop
erly has been filed on or ,before 31 December 1948, the Rtickerstattungsanspruc~ bis zum 31. Dezember 1948 nic}:
Public Prosecutor at the ,.seat of the Restitution Chamber geltend gemacht, so kann ,die Staatsanwaltschaft amSitz
der. Wiedergutmacllungskammer den Rtickerstattungsar.
m~y file ,the petition for restitution on behalf of a suc
cessor organization provided for in Article, 10., This provi-, 'spruch zu Gunsten einer in Artikel 10 vorgesehenen Nach
sion .shall nat apply if the clalmanthas waived his· claim
folgeorganisatlon geltend machen. Dies gilt nieht; wenn d£
for restltution'in accordance with 'Article 11, paragraph 3.
Berechtigte auf seinen RUckerstattimgsanspruc:b gemall Al
The petition of the Public Prosecutor must be filed on or
tikel 11, Absatz 3 verzichtet hat. Der AI:1trag .der Staat!
anwaltschaft kann, nur bis zum 30. JUDi 1949 gesteilt werde)
before 30 June 1949.
'
19
�ARTICLE'll
Conffict of Jurisdiction
ARTIKEL 'U
Zustandigke1 tsbereinigUllg,
'
1. Werden Anspruche der in den Artikeln 1 bis 48 bezeich
L',Uclaims
described in 'Articles 1 to 48 are asserted
y a person entitled to restitution in a court proceeding neten Art in einem gerichtHchen Verfahren einschiieUlich
including the stage of compulsory execution by way of der Zwangsvollstreckung vom Berechtigten klage- oder ein
complaint, defense 'or counterclaim, the Court shall notify redeweise geltend gemacht, so hat das Gericht die Wieder
the Restitution Agency. The Court, may, and on request by gutmachungsbehtirde zu benachrichtigen. Das Gericht kann
the Restitution, Agency must, stay theproceedinis or durcl:l unanlechtbaren BeschlUll das Verfahren 'aussetzen und
die Zwangsv:ollstreckung einstweilen einstellenj auf Er
temporarily .suspend execution by an OT,del' from which no 'suchen der WiedergutmachungsbehOrde sind diese· Anord
appeal may be taki:m. The Restitution Agency may direct nungen .zu treffen. Die Wieuergutmachungsbehorde kann
that the claim be dealt with under this Law to the' ex- , die Weiterbehandlung des Anspruchs nach MaLlgabe dieses
clusion of the jurisdiction of the ordinary civil courts, or Gesetzes mit der Wirkung des, Ausschiusses' des, 'Rechts
it may authorize the claimant to prosecute his claim before
weges anordnen oder mit Bindung fUr das Gericht den
the ordinary civil courts; such authorization shall be bind:
Berechtigten die Geltendmachung des Anspruchs im ordent
ing on the Latter courts. If an action in the orwnary civil lichen Rechtsweg Uberlassen. Fmdet ein Rechtsstreit durch
courts is terminated 'because the claim is ,being dealt with Weiterbehandlung des Anspruchs nach MaJ3gabe dieses Ge
setzes seine Erledigung, so werden die Gerichtskosten nie
under this, Law,the court fees shall be, remitted and
neither party shall be entitled ,to costs incurred 'out 'of , dergeschlagen, die au/3ergerichtlichen Kosten gegeneinander
, aufgehoben.
'court.
' ,
2. Das Gericht, hat dem Zentralanmeldeamt jede' gemiiJ3
2. The Court shall report to ,the Central ,Filing Agency
Absatz 1 getrof~ene MaJ3nahme mitzuteilen.
any action tak~n under paragraph 1,
,
,
,
as
•
- .... ..-.;~:~. ZWOLFTER ABSCHNiTT
PART XII
, ASSESSMENT' OF COSTS
KOSTENBEST~UNGEN
ARTICLE 72
Cosis
,ARTIKEL 72
,1. As a rule no court fees shall ,be assessed in favor of
the State (Gerkhtskosten) .:in ,proceedings before Restitu
tion Authorities. However, implementing regulations may
provide for, the assessment of cos.ts, fees and expenses.
2. No advance payment, or bond or seouruty for costs
, may be demanded from a claimant.
•
'
"
Kosten
Das Verfahren vor den Wiedergutmachungsorganim ist
grundsatzlich gerichtskostenirei. 1m ubrigen werden Aus
fUhrungsverordnungen die Tragung und Festsetzung von
Kosten, Gebtihren und Auslagen regeln.
.
2. Der Berechtigte 1st nicht verpflichtet, VorschUsse oder
Sicherheit fUr Kosten zu leisten..
1.
PART XIII
DREIZEHNTER ABSCHNITT
DUTY TO REPORT AND PENALTIES
ANZEIGEPFLICHT UND STRAFBESTIMMUNGEN
ARTICLE ,73
ARTIKEL 73
Duty 'to Report
, AnzeigepfUcht
1. Anyone' who has, or has had in his possession"
, .: 1. Wer Vermogensgegenstande, von denen er weiD oder
any time after it was transferred by or taken from a perse
den Umstanden nach annehmen mUfi,
cuted person, any, property which he knows or should know
(a) daJ3 sie 1m Sinne" des Artikels 2 dieses Gesetzes
under the circumstances
entzogEm sind; oder
(a) is confiscated pro,perty within the meaning of the
(b) daB eine ,solche Entziehung nach den Vorschriften
provisions of Article 2; or
,
"
des Al,'tikels' 3, Absatz 1 vermutet wird;, oder
(b) is presumed -lobe confiscated property' pursuant
(c) . 'daD sie zu irgendeiner Zeit Gegenstand eines
to the provisions of paragraph 10f Article 3; or
Rechtsgeschiifts waren, dlis nach den Bestimmun
(c) has been' at any time the subject 'of a trans-'
gen des Artikels 4, Absatz l' angefocl:l.ten werden
action which may ,be aVOided '\pl1jl'Suant -to the
kann,
provisions'of paragraph 1 of Article 4.
. 1m Besitz hat oder zu irgende~em Zeitlpunkt. nachdemder
shall report this fact in writing to the Central Filing Agency' Verfolgte tiber sie verfUgt hat oder sie ihm entzoge'n wor
on or before 15 May 1948.
den sind, im Besitz hatte, muD dies schriftlich dem Zentral
The report to be filed hereunder shall show the exact anmeldeamt bis, zum, 15. Mai 1948 .anzeigen. , Die Anzeige
circumstances under which the reporting' person 'obtained mu13 genaue Angaben daruber enthalten, wie der Anzeige
possession of the property; it shall also contain, the na~ erstatter in ,den Besitz des V'ermogensgegenstandes gelangt
and address of the person from whom the reporting person, , ist, sie 'mu13 Namen und Wohnort desjenigen angeben. von
dem der Anzeigeerstatter den Vermogensgegenstand erhalten
acquired the property as well as rthe consideration' paid,
and in case the pro,perty no longer .is in his possession, the hat, das entrichtete Entgelt und, falls der Vermogensgegen
stand nicht 'mehr 1m Besitz des AnzeigeerstatteTl! ist, den
name of the person to whom the property was trans
Namen desjenigen. an den der Vermogensgegenstand tiber
ferred.
tragen worden 1st.
2. 'l'he following property need not be reported:
2, Die Anzeigepflicht entfiillt:
(a) Tangihle personal property which had been ac
" ; , (a) 'Bel beweglichen' Sachen,' . die im Wege des ord
quired' in the course of an ordinary, and usual
n.ungsma13igen tiblichen Geschiiftsverkehrs aus
business' transaction in an establishment normally
eintim einschlagigen Unternehmen erworben wor
'dealing in that type of property, provided, however,
den 'sind; anzeigepflichtig sind jedoch Sachen, die
•
that property acquired at an' auction, or at a
1m Wege der Versteigerung erworoen worden sind,
private sale in an establishment engaged to a
oder in Unter;nehmen, die sich mit der Verstcige
considerable extent in ,the business of auctioning
or otherwise disposing of confiscated property,
rung oder sonstigen Verwertung entzogener Ver
must be reported;
.
mogensgegenstiinde in erheblichem MaJ3e belaJ3ten;
at
20
aLl
�(0) bel bewegllchen Sachen,deren Wert 1m Zeltpui
(0) Tangible personal property, the value ()f which
::h
t~h.
nn
nd
~r
'd
nn
;es
t.&
en
It
ch
c
e
el'
did not exceed RM 1,000 at the time of, the co~...
1lscatioIi;
(c) Donations made to close relatives (as defined -in
Section 52, paragraph· 2 of the Criminal Code) and
donations: which without doubt, ,were made for
moral consideration;
,
.
(d) Property which has already been restituted, and
property' as to which ,the claimant bas reliriqui~hed
his right of restitution expressly and in writing
at any time between SMay i945 and .the ,effective.
date of this, Law. '
3. No report filed pursuant to paragraph 1 by any person
shall be considered, In proceedings before a Restitution
Authomty, as an admission of the reporting party that the
property so reported is subject to restitution or as a waiver,
of any defense he might have had if the report had not
been filed. It shall beadmissibie, however, as an admission
of ' the facts stated therein"
4. The Central Fdling Agency, upon' receiving a ,report
under this Article shall forward a copy of the report to
the approprdate Restitution Agency or Agenci~' in each
district, in w~ich property affected :by the report is situated.
All reports flIed pursuant to the provisions of, this Article
'Shall be open to inspection.
st
I
del' Entziehung den Betrag von RM 1.000- ni,
tlberstiegenhat;
, ,
. ,
(c) bei Schenkungen 'zwischen nahen Verwandt
(§ 52, Absatz 2 StGB) und bei unzweifelliaften .A
stands:schenltUngen;
"
'
(d) bei 'bereits zuriickerstaUeten Vermogensgege
,standen. und bel solchen Vermogensgegenstand(
auf deren Riickerstattung del' Berechtigte in 0
. Zeit vom S. Mal 1945 bis zurn Inkrafttreten dies
Gesetzes ausdriicklicb schriftlicb verzichtet bat.
3. Eine gemtiJl Absatz i erstattete Anzeiie darf im Ve
fahren VOl' den Wiedergutmaehungsorganen nicht ala G,
stiiindnis des Anzeigenden, gewertet werden, daD die aJ
gemeldeten Vermogensgegenstiinde del' Riickerstattung U)
terliegen; ebensowenig darf eine solche Anzeige ala Ve.
zieht auf einen Einwandausgelegt werden, den der AI
zeigende hatte gel tend machen konnen, wenn er die AnzeiI
nicht erstattet hlitte. Die Anzeige kann jedoch ala em G(
standnis in bezug auf die darin mitgeteilten Tatsacben g(
wertet werden."
.
4. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat naCh' Erhalt einer a\
Grund del' Bestinunungen dieses Artikeis erstatteten Ax,
zeige eine Abschrift del' Anzeige an die zustandige Wiedel
gutmachungsbehOrde odeI' die zustandigen Wiedergui
maehungsbehOrden in dem Bezirk weiterzu1eiten. in' del.
sich irgendwelche in del' Anzeige in Bezug genommene Ver,
mogensgegenstiinde befinden. . Die Einsicht in aIle gema
den Vorschriften dieses Artikels erstatteten Anzeigen Ii
gestattet.
ARTIKEL 1'.
PfUcht znr Elnsicht des Grundbucbs and anderer
3ffentllcher Register
'
ARTICLE 14
;
n
r
Obligation to· Inspect the Land Title Register and' other
, Public Registers
1.. WeI' ein 'Grundstilek odeI' ein grundstiickgleiches Rech
1. Anyone holding real property or an interest in the
nature of real property, shall ascertain ,by inspection of'the besitzt, 1st verpfllchtet, sleh durch Einsicht des Grundbuch:
nicht
einen anzeigepflich·
'Land Title Register whether or nat the property in question zu vergewissern, daB es sichhandelt.urnDas gieiche gilt vor.
tigen Vermogensgegenstand
must 'be reported. The same shall apply with respect ,to VermogensgegensUinden, die in anderen offentlichen Reo
other propzrty dnterests which are recorded in any other gistern eingetragen sind.
..
.
"
,
public register.
.;.
2. Erlangt eine Behorde odeI" ofientliche DienststellE
2. Whenever a publdc authority or other public agency Kenntnis von dem Verbleib einesanzeigepflichtigen Ver
learns ()f the whereabouts of property wh,ich must be re-- ' mogensgegenstandes, so hat sie unverziiglich dem Zentral
ported, it shall report such fact without delay ,to the 'Central anmeldeamtMitteilung zu machen. Artikel 73, Absatz 4 gilt
Filing Agency. Article 73, paragraph 4,shall be applicable. entsprechend.
ARTIKEL 15
. Straibestlmmungen
, 1. 'Mit Gefanghis bis' zu run! Jahren und mit Geldstraftl
. odeI' mit elner diesel' Strafen wird, soweit nicht auf Grund
anderer BesUnim:ungen eine hOhere strafe verwirkt ist, be
straft,
" ' "
tal wer seiner Anzeigepfllcht auf Grund del' Artikel
73 und 74 vorsatzlich odeI' fahrllissig nicht nach
kommt,·
'
'(b) weI" gegeniiber den Wiedergutmachungsorganen
wissentlich falsche odeI' irrefUhrende Angaben
,
macht. ' .
2. Del' Tater bleibt .im Falle des Absatzes 1 (a) strafios.
wennf' er VOl' Entdeckung die nach diesem Gesetz vor
. geschriebene Anzeige freiwillig nachholt.
ARTICLE .'75
PelJalties '
; ,
1. Any person who
(a) . intentionally or negligently· fails' to comply wUh
his duty to report as set forth in Article 73 and
74; qr, .'
'.
"
(0) knowingly makes any tfalse or' 'misleading. statl:!
ments to the Restitution Autho'rities, .
,
shall be punished with 1Inprdsonment not ex~eeding. five
years, or a flne, or bath, i'Llllless heavier penalties under
any oth,er law are applicable.
2. ,No penalty shall be· illl[losed in, the case of sub
, paragraph (a), where the report required' by .thiis Law has
ooen made voluntarily and prior to discovery.
l · ·
\,'
ARTICLE '76
Penalties (ooniinued)
1.' Whoever alienates, daIDages, destroys, or conceala any
property coming under the provisions of this La,w in order'
to thwart the rights of a claimant, shall be punished with
dlll[lrisonment' not exceeding flve yea~s, or. a fine, or' both,
unless heavier penalties under any other law a~e applicable.
2. Co~ment in a penitentiary' up to five Years may
be .imposed in especially serious cases.
3. The attempt shall be punishable.
.'
ARTIKEL 16
Strafbestlmmangen, (FortsetZWIg)
1. . Mit Gefangnis bis zu fUnf Jaru,-en und mit GeldstraIe
odeI' mit einer dieser strafen wird, saweitnicht auf Grund
anderer Bestimmungen eine, hOhere strafe verwi':'kt ist, 'be
straft weI' Vermogensgegenstande, die unter die Bestim
mungen ,dieses Gesetzes fallen, verauilert. bes~adigt. ver
nichtet odeI' beiselte schafft, urn sle. dem Zugrlff des ,Be
.'
.
rechtigten zu entziehen. '
. 2. In ,besonders schweren Fallen tritt Zuchthausstrafe bis
zu ron! Jahren ein.
3. Der Versuch ,ist strafbar.
21
�"
•
',.'.:
ABDCLB ,'17' ,
Penalties (eontlnued)
, .'
,,
,,'
In tbe cases within the scope of Articles. 75 and 76,
obody may plead ignoranee of facts which he could have
ascertained by the inspection of publlc books and' registers,
, if and to the exllent to which' Article '14 imposed on him
the obligation of such inspection.
PART XIV
RE~ESTABLISHMENT
OF 'RIGHTS OF SUCCESSION AND ADOPTION'.
ABTIKEL '1'1
, SirafbestlmmungeiJ., (FortsetzuDa)'
Niemand kann. sl.ch' in den Fiillen der ArUkel '15, '16 auf
die Unkenntnis, von, solchen Tatsachenberufen, die er aut
,Grund ;einer Einsicht in tif:fentliche BUcher oder Register
erfahren hAtte, wenn und sowelt er nach Artikel 74 zu einer
sOlchen Einsicht verpfllchtet war. ,
VIEB.ZEBNTim
ABSCBNITr
WIEDElUIERSTELLUNG .:VON ERBRECHTEN
UND KINDESANN.AuMEvEim:XLTNISSEN
ARTICLE '18
ARTIKEL '18
Exclusion from Inheritance
Erbverdringung
1. An eXclusion from the right of succession or the, for-,
1; Ein in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945,aus
felture of an estate which occurred during the ,period from den GrUnden des Artikei$ 1 durch Gesetz oder Verordnung
30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 by. virtue of a law or an erlolgter Ausschiull von ErwerbvonTodes wegeIi oder Ver~
ordinance for any of the reasons set forth in Article 1 shall ' , fall des Nachiasses gilt als nicbt eingetreten.
'
be deemed not to have occurred.
2. The succession shall be deemed to have occurred at
2. F!ir die Fristenberechnun'g gilt der Erbfall .mit dem
the eftective date of this Law for the purpose of determin- 'Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes als, ein:getreten.
ing the periods of ~tation.
'
ARTICLE '19
Avoi4ance of Testamentary Dlspositlons and of Disclaimers
of Inheritance'
'
ARTIKEL'I9
Anfechtbarkelt von Verfiigungen von Todes wegen'
und Erbschaftsausscblagungen
.
1. Testamentary dispositions and contracts of inheritance'
1; Letztwilllge Verfiigungen und Erbvertrage aus der
,made in the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 19~ in Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945. in welchen Ab
which any descendant. parent. grandparent, brother, sister, kommlinge, Eltern. GroBeltern,' voll- und halbblOtige Ge
half-brother. half-sister, or their descendents, as well as schwister und dCl'en Abkommlinge, sowie Ehegatten von
a. spOuse,was. excluded from inheritance for the purpose, of , der ErbfoIge ausgeschlossen wurden, um ihren Eroteil einem
. avoiding ..a seizure of the estate by the state, expected by vom Erblasser' aus den GrUnden des Artlkels 1 erwarteten
testator for any of the reasons set forth hi Article I, Zugriffs des Staates zu entzieben, sind anfechtbar.Vor
U be voidable. The' power of avoidance shall be gov . behalilich der Bestimmungen des Absatz 3, finden auf die.
ed by Sections 2080 et seq. or 2281 et seq. of the Civil Anfechtung . die Vorschriften der §§ 2080 fl. bzw. 2281 ft.
•
. Code, unless paragraph 3 infra provides otherwisl:l.
, BGB~ Awendung. .
'
2. Disclaimers of inheritance by ,persons described in
2. Erbschaftsausschiagungen' durch die 1m Absatz 1., ge
paragraph 1 shall be voidable, provided that such dls
clSImers were made within the period from 30 January 1933 nannten PersOnen sind anfechtbar. wenn sie in der Zeit
to 8 May 1945, in order to prevent an expected seizure of vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai' 1945erfolgten. um dadurch
the property by the State for any of the reasons set forth einen aus den GrUnden des ArtikeIs 1 erwarteten, Zugriff
in Article 1.' The right of avoidance shall be governed by des Staates auf den ErbteU zu verhindern. Vorbehaulich
, Sections 1954, et seq. of the Civil Code, uniess paragraph 3 der Bestimmurigen in Absatz 3 finden auf die Anfechtung
die Vorschriften der §§ 1954:ff. BGB Anwendung.
of this Article provides otherwise.
3. Testamentary dispositions, contracts of inheritance or , 3. Die Anfechtung von letz:twilligen Verfiigungen und
disclaimers of Inheritance must be voided on or before 'Erbvertragen sowle von Erbschaftsausschlagungen mull bis
31' December 1948. The exercise of the power of' avoidance 31. Dezemoer 1948 erfoIgen. Eine innerhalb dieser Frist er
,folgte AnfechtuD.i gilt aIst rechtzeitig.
'
,
within this period shall be deemed timely.
,:.'
ARTICLE 80
, ' ARTIKEL 80
Testamentary Dlsposltionof a Persecuted Person_
Verfolgten-Testament
1. ,A testamentary dispoSition made, between 30 January
1. Der Giiltigkelt elner in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933
1933 and 8 May 1945 shall be val1din spite of complete bis 8. Mai 1945 erkliirten letztwilligen Verfiigung steht das
non-compliance with form' requirements If the testator
made such dispOSition, in view of an actual or Imaginary Feblen jegllcher Formnicht entgegen, wenn der Erblasser
zuder Verfiigung durch eine aUo'! den GrUnden des Ar
immediate danger to his life based on meaSures of persecu
tion for any of the reasons set. forth in Article, I, and where tikels 1 el"Wachsene unmittelbare Todesgefahr. in der er
the circumstances were such thact he' could' not or could , sich befa.nd oder zu befinden glaubte, veranlal3t wurde und
,not be, expected to, comply with' the statutory form ibm die FesUegling in gesetzi1cher Form nach den Um- '
requirements.
standen unmlSgllch oder nicht zuzumuten war.
2. Any testamentary disposition conung within the scope
of paragraph 1 shall be deemed not to have been made if . 2.' Eine nach Absatz 1 zu beurtellende letztwillige Ver
the testator was still capable of making a testamentary fiigung gilt als nicht getroflen, wenn der Erblasser nach
,disposition complying with the statutory form,requirements dem 30. September 1945 zu 'einer formgerechten letztwllllgen
,after 30 September 1945.
'
Verfo'gung noch in der Lagewar.
'
.
',ARTICLE 81
ARTIKEL 81,'
'. ~EstabUsJunent of Adoptions
Wlederherstellunr von KiJidesannahmeverbiltn1ssen
~f an adoption, relationship was cancelled within the
1. Ein in der Zeit vom 30. J'anuar 1933, bis 8. Mal, 1945
period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May' 1945 for any of the aus den GrUnden des AXtlkels 1 aufgehobenes Kindea
reasQn$ set forth I,n !\rtlcle, 1. iluch relationship may be rein-, annahmeverhtiltnis kann durcli· Vertrag des Annehmenden
,stated nunc pro tune by • contract between' the, foster oder seiner Erben mit dem KiIide oder seinen Erben rUc.k
parent or h1a heJrs and the chUd or his heira. Sections 1741' ,wirkend zum. Zeitpunkt. . der Aufhebung . wiederhergestellt
.
.
..
�3. The' local co~rt (Amtsgericht) which cancelled the
adoption shall have jurisdiction in the cases set forth in
paragraph 2. The principles of 'parag'raph 1, fourth sentence.
above, shall be applicable. The decision of the court shall
be discretionary and shall take into account the eouities of
the parties.. When the' cancellation of the ad~ption is
vacated, the adoption shall be .reinst.atednunc pro tunc. The·
court may exclude the retroactive effect of its decision from
certain paris thereof. .
4. No costs or fees shall be charged in these proceedings.
5. The application for re-establishment of an adoptioQn
must be made on or before 31 Dectmlber 1948:
werden. Auf ,den Wlederherstellungsvertrag Bnden di"
Vorschrlften der §§ 1741 bls 1772 BGBmit· Ausnahme de
Bestlmmungen der §§ 1744. 1745, 1747, 1752 und 1753 An
wendung. Die Bestiithrung des Wiederherstelluntl'svertrag
kann auch nach dem Tode der am Wlederherstellun!!sver:
trag beteillgten Persollcn erfolgen. 1st ein Beteili gter 0> nkh
errelchbar. so kann filr Ihn zum Zwecke der Vertretun'
bei der Wiederherstellune; des Kindesannahmeverhiiltnlsse
ein Pfleger bestellt, werden.
2. 1st des Kindesannahmeverhaltnis in .der Zeit vor.
::l0. Januar 1933 bls 8. Mai 1945 durch gerichtIiche Entschei
dun~ aus den' GrUnden des Artikels 1 aufe;ehoben worde!
und sind keine Umstiinde ersichtlich, die die Vertragsch1i~·
Bend€'n, seitdem zur Aufhebung des Ki,ndesannahmeverhalt·
ni!l<Ses veranlaBt hatt~n. so konnen sowohl der Annehmend,
oder ;einer seiner Erben. wie das Kind ofler einer seine,
Erben die A \Jfhebun~ dieser EntscheidunE! beantrae;en,
3. Zustandig zur Ents~heiflunf! gema" Absatz 2 ist da:
AmtsE!ericht. welches d8~ Kindesannahmeverhaltni" puf·
<!ehnben hat. Ab"at7o 1, S'lt7o 4' gilt enlt<:nrechpn"l Das Ge·
rirht ents:cheidet n'1ch <:eiY'pm flurrh Billie-kei<t bel'rtimmter
freien Frmessen., Durch flip. Aufhehumr flp,. Rerichtlirhor
Entscheidung tritt oas Kinfle~annf!hmp.vp.rhattnls rUcv"rjr.
ken'; wieder in Kraft. Das Gericht kannin spiner Entschei·
dun'! :qie Ri.ickwirkung in einzelnen . Be:dehun~eri aus·
RchlieBen. .
4. DRS Verfahren is:t gebiihren- und amhul'enfrei.
5. Die Wlederherstpllun'l von Kindp<:an'nl'lhmeverhiilt
nissen kann nur bis s!,atestens 31. Dezember 194!l be:mtra~i
werden.
ARTICLE 82
,ARTIKEL 82
.JUrisdiction
Any claims arising under Articles 78 to 81 shall be decidea
by' the ordinary civil courts.. No filing, with the Central
,Filihg Agency is required.
?ustandig'keit
Ob~rAnsnri.i'c:he auf Grund der Artikel 78 hi" 81 en+1';0.h e L
den die ordentlich~'" GIC!"i0.",f". F,ipl" Anmeldung bei derr.
Z€ ' ntralanmeldeamf findet nicht ·staft.
PART XV
FVNFZEH~TER AHSCHNITT
to 1772 of the Civil Code, with the eXception of Sections
1744, 1745, 1747, 1752 .and 1753, shall apply to the contract
of reinstatement. A contract of reinstatement may be judi
dally conflrrnEid even after the death of the parties to it.
If one of the parties concerned is not· available, a guardian
(Pfleger) may be appointed to re!lresent his interests in the
proceedings to reinstate the adoption.
2. Where an adoption was cancelled by decision of a court
during the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 for.
any of the reasons set foQrth in Article 1, and if no facts
have appeared which, thereaft'er would have caused con
tracting p3rties to revoke the adon1ion on their own. initia
tive, ,either party to the contract -;'r his heirs may demand
that the decision be vacated.
.
US
'lg
rm
ie
:!~.I
it
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[f
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g
d
~s
3
.s
r
r
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1
1
\
..
'.
REINSTATEl'iIENT OF TRADE NAMES
AND OF NAMES OF ASSOCIATIONS
. WIEDERHERSTBLLUNG VON FIRMEN
UNDNAMEN
. ARTICLE 83
ARTIKE~
83
,Rc-Registration ot Cancelled Trade Names
Wiedereintragung elner geliischten Firma
1. I~t in der Zeit vom30. Jaml'lr lQ~3 hi" 8. Mlli 1!Wi
Register within the period from 30 January 1933 10 8 May
eine Firma im H'1ndE'l<:reaister ~el5scht '''orn,e". l"ll0.hd n rn
,1945 after the business. establishment' had been closed for
d~r Betrieb des Handelsgeschllftes al1~ Gl'i.\n-1en des Al'
tikel;:; 1 einf;!e~~ellt war. so i<1.. wen'; der B~tri~b eines
any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, the; cancelled trade
Hl\ndel~Jteschaftes von dem oder den let7.ten Tnhabern oder
m>me shall be re-registered on application if the' business
ihrpn Erbet'lwieder aufl1:erlOmm p n wird, auf Antrag die
is reopened by its last oV'iner, or owners; or their heirs., '
gelo~chte Firma 'wied~r einzutragen.
-2. If the closed business establishment was conducted at
2. Wurde das eingestellte lJanfleisgesc-haft. 7,ur Zeit del'
the time of its discontinuation bv a single owner, the last
F,instel1lln£( von ein'!m Ein7.p.ikaufmann .betrieben. so steht
owner' or his heirs' shall . be . entitled' to demand the
das R.er:ht. aut Wiedereintrae:l1nQ der geloRchten Fil'm<l ,clem
re-registration of the cancelled trade name. If· there are
letzten Tnhaber oder sein€'tn E~ben zu. Sind mehrere Erhen
several' heirs, and if not all of them' participate in the
vorhanden una nehmen ',,'IC nir:ht aIle nen Betrieb """'der
, resumption of the enterprise, the re-registration of the can
a.tlf,~o kahn die WiedereinfraE(unf;! del' . Jteloschten Firmf!
celled trade name may be demanded, provided the heirs' who
verlanirt wprt'ien, w'-nn die nen Betrieb nicM wie1E'r auf
do not participate; in the business assent W the resumption
nehmenden Erben der Annahme der geloschten ·Firma ,zu
. of the trade name.' "
'
stimmen.
, 3. Wurde dp..s einf!e>:;teme Handel~lle~ch;;.ft mr Zeit rlp.
3. If at the time of its closing the business es1ablishment.
Einstellunll . V;"t'I mehreren nersonlich hafte"'M~ Ge!,n}l
was' conducted by several personally liable partners, re
schaftern betrieh~n. so besteht das Recht auf Wieder~intr"'
registration of the cancelled trade name may be demanded
/tUng der geloschten Firmll. wenn die perso~lich naftendon
if all the personally liable partners establish a business
Gesellschaftp.>:,' entwede1:' alle. od~r·,.einer ofler mehre':'e von
enterprise, or if one or several of them' do so 'with the
Ihnen mit F,inversHlndnis der iibri~en. den Fletrieb einl's
consent 'of the remaining ories; with 'respect to heirs of . Handelse-eschnftes aufnehmen.Im 'FaIle des Erbgan'Is' gilt
partners the principle" of paragraph 2 shall be applicaple. . . Absatz 2 entsprechend.
1. Where a trade name was' cancelled in the Commercial
ARTICLE 84
ARTIKEL 84
Cha.nge ot Trade Name
Where a trade name has been changed in .the period
from 30 January. 1933, to 8 May 1945 for any of nie reasons
. set forth In Artic1el.the former trade name may be
restored upon the application of the person who owned the
enterprise at th.e time the 'change was made or of his heirs,
Xndernng der Firma
i
1st eine Firma. in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai
1945 aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 geandert worden. so
kann dIe fruhere Firm~nbezeichnu~g wied~rhergestellt wer
den, w~nn derjenlge, der zur Zeit der Anderung Firmen
23
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provided they now own the enterprise., The principles of
Articles 83, paragraph 2, second sentence, and par,agraph 3,
hall b. applIcabl•.
inhaber war, oder seine Erben, es aIs jetzige lnhaber del'
Firma beantragen. Artikel 83, Absatz 2, Satz 2und Ab
sa1;z 3 gelten sinngemaB.
ARTICLE 85
ARTIKEL 85
Names ,of Corporations
The principles of Articles 83 and 84 shall be appli,cable to
the trade names of corporations.
'
'Firmen ju~istischer Personen
Die Vorschriften der Artikel 83 mid 84 finden auf Firmen
juristischer Personen entsprechende Anwendung.
'
ARTICLE 86
ARTIKEL 86
Reinstatement of Trade Names in other Cases
Whenever the use of the former trade name is essential
for the purpose of full restitution, the Restitution Chamber
may permit the reinstatement of a cancelled or changed
trade name in cases other than those provided for in Ar
,ticles 83 to, 85.
'
Die Wiedergutmachungskammer kann die WiederherSJteJ
lurig einer' geloschten oder einer geanderten Firma auch in
anderen ais den Fallen der Arlikel 83 bis 85 gestatten, sofern
die Ftihrung der ,alten Firmenbezeichnung zum Zwecke del'
Wiedergutmachung erforderlich ist. '
ARTICLE 87
ARTIKEL 87
,Names of Associations and Endowments (Stiftungen)
Vereins- uod Stiftungsnamen
'Die Bestimmung des Artikeis 86 gilt entsprechend flir
die Wiederannahme des frtiheren Namens eines Vereins odor
einer Stiftung.
'
WiederhersteUung von Firmennamen in sonstigen Fiillen
Article, 86 shall be applicable to' the resumption of the
name by an associAtion or an endowment.
ARTICLE 88,
Procedure
Applications for the 'registration in th~ Commercial
Register of former ·trade names must be filed within the'
period provided for in this Law for the filing of claims for
restitution. The Arritsgericht in its capacity as Court of
Registry shall have jurisdiction over these apolications
except in the cases provided for in Article 86. Otherwise
the procedtir~ shall be governed, by the rules of procedure
applicable in matters 6f' non-contentious litigation. No costs
•
fees shall be charged in these proceedings.
ARTIKEL 88
Verfahren
Antrage 'auf Eintraguflg von frilheren FirrpEmbezeichnun
gen im Handelsregister konnen nur binnen der in diesem
Gesetz filr RUckerstattungsansprilche vorgesehenen An
meidefrist gestellt werden. tiber diese A.rutrage entscheidet
unbeschadet Artikel 86 das Amtsgericht ais Registergericht.
1m Ubrigen sind filr das Verfahren die Vorschriften tiber
das Verfahren in Sachen der freiwilligeri Gorichtsbarkeit
anwendbar. Das Verfahren im g~b,ilhren- und kostenfrei.
" SECHZEHNTER ABSCHNITT
PART 'XVI
FINAL
,SCHLUSSBESTIMMUNGEN,
PROVISION~
ARTIKEL 89
ARTICLE 89
Vorbehidtene Anspriiche'
Claims'Reserved to Special Legislation
Besondere gesetzliche R,egelung bleibt vorbehalten fUr die
The reinstatement of lapsed' iriterests arising out of
Wiederherstellung erloschener Rechte aus Versicherungs
insurance contracts and of lapsed' copyrights and industrial verhiHtnissen und, erloschener Urheberrechte und gewerb
rights (patents, etc,) may"be regul,ate~ by special legislation. , Hcher Schutzrechte.
"
ARTIKEL 90
ARTICLE 90
Fristcnlauf
Soweit Anspriichen, die unterdieses Gesetz fallen, Ver
jahrung, Ersitzung oder Ablauf von Ausschlul3fristen nach
den Vorschriften des bUrgerlichen Rechts entgegenstehen
\vUrden, ,gilt die Verjahrungs", Ersitzungs- oder AusschIul3
frist als nicht vor dem Ende von sechs Monaten <abgelaufen,
gerechnet von dem Zeit\Jpunkt, in welchem ein Klage
anspruch auf' Grund dieses Gesetzes zur Entstehung geIangt
ist, kei~esfall.s, jedoch vor dem 30. Juni 1949.
Sta.tute of Limitations
To ,the extent to which the statute of limitations or pre
scriptive rights of the Civil Code might dcfeatany claim
, falling under this Law, the statute of limitations or a pre
scriptiveperiod shall not be deemed to have expired until
six months after such cause of action arises by reason of
, operation of this Law, but in no event prior to 30 JuneJ949.
,ARTICLE 91
ARTIKEL 91 .'
TaxeE a.nd Other Levies
Steuern und Abgaben
1. Taxes and other public .levies shan 'not be imposed in: ,1. Steuern und sonstige 5ffentliche Abgaben werden aus
connectiotJ. with restitution.
'AnIal3 der, Rtickerstattung nicht' erhoben.
2. Eine Erstattung oder, nachtragliche Erhebung' von
2. No .taxes, including inheritance taxes, or other public ;
Steuern, sonstigen offentlichen Abgaben,GebUhren und
assessments; fees or costs shall be refunded ,or subsequently
Kosten aus AnlaB des Riickfalls entzogenel;' Vermogens
1.eVied in connectio~ with the return of confiscated property,
gegenstande einschlieBlich der 'Erbschaftssteuer finde.t 'nicht
statt.
.
'
i
ARTICLE9Z
.r
Implementing and Carrying-out Provisions
'1.' The Restltut'ion Agencies will be designated by
menling regulations.
.'
ARTIKEL 92'
Ausfiihrungs- und' DurchfUhrungsvorschriften
imple~,:. 1. Die Wiedergutmachungsbehorden werden durch Aus
, fiihrungsverordnung bestiromt.
24
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2. Unless otMrwise provided in this Law, ~r ordered by ,
2. 'Sowelt nichts anderes In dlesem Gesetz bestlmmt L
Military Government, the Minister President of each State' oder von der MiliUirregierung angeordnet wird, werden d
or any Ministers designated by him, shall issue the legal and .zur Durchftlhrung des Gesetzes erforderlichen Rechts- ur.
Verwaltungsvorschriften "om, Ministerprasidenten ein:
administrative regul~tions necessary for the implementation
Landes oder den von ihm bestimmten Staatsministern e:
lassen.
of this Law.
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ARTICLE 93'
.Jurisdiction of German Courts
1. Germa!1 Courts ,are hereby authorized to exer<;ise
jurisdiction in civil' cases arising under this Law against any'
stateless person' having the assimilated status of' United
Nations displaced persons oi; against any nationai of the
United Nations not falling within categories (3), (4), (5) of
Section 10 (b,> in, Article VI ,of Military Government. Law
No.2, as amended or as hereafter amended. "
,
2. German Courts are' hereby , authorized ,to exercise
jurisdiction 'in cases involving offenses against any, of the
provisions of Articles 73 to 77 of this Law by persons not
exempted from the jurisdiction, of the German Courts under
Section 10 (a) in Article VI of Military' Government Law
Nr. 2 as amended or as hereafter amended.
[.
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gs
ARTIKEL.94
, MaBgebJicher Text
, ARTICLE 94
Qfficial Text
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,ARTIKEL 93
Zustandigkeit der deutschen Gerichte
, 1. Die detitschen Gerichte werden hiermit ermiichti E
die Gerichtsbarkeit in Zivilsachen, die diesem Gesetz unte:
liegen, gegen Staatenlose, die als verschleppte Persom
einer der Vereinten NllItionen gelten, oder gegen Staat:
angehorige der Vereinten Nationen auszutiben, sofem die:
nicht unter eine der In Nr. (3), (4) oder (5) der Ziffer 10 (:
in Artikel VI des Gesetzes Nr. ,2 der Militarregierung 0
seiner jeweils geltenden Fassung) genannten Personel
gruppen fallen.
'
'
2. Die deutschen Gerichte werden hiermit ermachtig
die Gerichtsbarkeft in Fallen von Zuwiderhandlungen gegc
die Bestimmungen der ,Artikel 73 bis 77 dieses Gesetzes au
zuuben, vorausgesetzt, daB der Tater von der Gerichtsba:
'keit der deutscheh Gerichte nicM gemaB Ziffer 10 (a) ,
Artikel VI des Gesetzes Nt. 2 der MiliUirregierung (in sein,
.jeweils geltenden Fassung) ausgen()mmen ist.
The German text of this Law shall be the official text
and the provisions of Paragraph 5 of Article II of Military
Government Law No.4, as amended;: shall not apply. ,
Der deutsche Text dieses Gesetzes ist der amtliche Te}
die Bestimmurigen, des Absatzes 5 des Artikels II de:;: G,
'setzes Nr. 4 der Militarregierung (in seiner geanderten Fa
sung) finden keine Anwendung.
ARTICLE 95
Effective Date
This Law, 'shall become ' effective , in. Bavaria" Bremen',
Hesse and Wuerttemberg-Baden on 10. November 1947.
, ART~KEL 95
Inkr8fttreten
Dieses Geselz tritt in den Landern' Bayern, Bremen, He
sen und Wiirttemberg-Baden am 10. November 1947
Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE PER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF MILITAEtY GOVERNMENT
Bestatigt: 10. November'1947
Approved: 10 Novemoer 1947
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I
,MILITARY 'GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
DEUTSCHLAND
MILITaRREGIERUNG
AMERIKANISCHES KONTRO~LGEBIET
REGULATION' NO. 1
UNDER MILITARY GOVERNMENT
LAW NO. 59
AUSFUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
NR. 1 ZUM GESETZ 'NR. 59
DER' MILITARREGIERUNG
•
,
'
Establishment of Central Filing Agency and Manner
of Filing Claims for Restitution '
Errichtung eines Zentrahmmeldeamtes und Form der
Anmeldung von Riickerstattungsanspriichen
Pursuant to Article 55 and 56 of M.Hitary Government
Law . No. 59, "Rlastitution of, Identifiable P,roperty", dt is
hereby, ordered as follows:,
I. , Establishment, \ of Central Filing Agency
1. There is hereby established the Central Filing Agency
(Zentralanmeldeamt) provided for in Article 55 df Military
Government Law, No. 59; the mailing address' of whioh is:
" Zentralanme1deamt (Central FUing Agency)
. ' Bad Nauheim, Germany
2. This Agency ds heI'lz,by vested with all power? and
responsi'biljties which the Central Filing Agency has under
the provisions of iMiilitary Government Law No, 59.
Gei:niiB Artikel 55 'lind 56 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 del' Militar
regie-rung uber die Riickerstattung feststellbarer Vermoge: ns
gegenstande wird fulgendes verordnet:
I. El'richtung elnes Zentrala~~eldeainte~
1. GemaB Artikel 55 des Gesetzes Nr~ 59 del' MiHUir
regierung wjrd hiermit ein Zentralanmeideamt· errlchtet,
dessen Anschrjft l a u t e t : '
' .
Zentralanmeldeamt
.
Bad Nauheim. DeutscIrl.and.
2. Dlesem Amt werden hiermit alle R~hte und Befug
nisse ubertragen, die dem Zentralanmelde1ilTIt nach Ma13
gabe del' Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr, 59 del' lVLilitiir
regierung zustehen,
n. Form' del' Anme!dung von Ruclterstattungsanspriicben
II. Manner of Filing Claims for Restitution
1. In order to ifacilitate the speedy handling' of claims,
the !petition containing the claim fur' restitution ~hould
follow the outline set ,out in the Appendix heret{). ,All
rmation ,therein requested should 'be given, to the extent
hieh it is 'known, dn exact and concise ~orm.
•
,2. Where the claim.ant desires to give' more extensive
explanations, they should be added 'as numbered annexes
to .the !pctition, toget'her with a'm'ropri,ate documents and
affidavits.
3. No !printed ,forms need be used.' The !petition shaJ.1
contain the required information in the order in which it is
set forth in the Appendix hereto, and each item thereof
shaH be given, a number appearing on the left margin of the '
paper, correspondin'g to the number set forth un the, Ap-,
pendix. The sh'zets of paper on' which the claim is typed
should, for uniformitji, be 8 1/2 inches wlde' and between 11 '
and 13 inches long, or have d,imenS'ionsas similar as pos':' ,
ible. All copies should be typewritten' on one side of the
sheet only and shall be legible. A minimum of five copies
of the (petition and accompanying documents should be
·filed together with S'Uch additional copies as' may ~ re
quired ifor the serv,jce of one copy. on each j,nterested
party to the ,proceeding, (See Article 61 of iMiLitary Gov
ernment Law No. 59).
1. Zul' Erleichterung del' beschleunigten Bearbeitung von
Riiciterstattungoonspriichen \SoU die Annielditmg von An
spriichen auf Ruckerstattung ertt!:\prechend del" dm Anhang
gegebenen Anleitung vorgenommen werden. Al'le verlan,gten
Angaben sollen, soweit bekannt, genau und in gedriingter
Form gemacht v/'Zrden.
"
2. Falls del' Berechtigte ausfilhrlichere Angabcn machen
will, siIid sie als Anlage -der Anmeldung beizufiigen, Itmd
zwar zusammen mit sachdienlichen, Ur!runden una eides
stattlichen Versicherungen. Die Anlagen sind zu nume
rleren.
"
3. Es ast nicht notwendig, 'gedruckte Formulare zu ver
~nden. Die erforderlichen Angaben soHen ,in <leI' Iill
meldimg in del' aus'dem Anhang 'el'sichtllchen Reihenfolgc '
gemac.bt werden; die Antwort am jede Frage solI am Hnl{en
Rand 'des zur Anmeldung verwendetenBogens' mit der
,jenigen Ziffer bezeichnet werden, wefche del' im An:hang
zur 'Brezeichnung del' F'rageverwendeten Ziffer entspl'icht.
Die zur Anmeldung verwendeten Bogen sallen aus Griinden,
del' Elnhe.itlich1{eit nicht groner seinals 21 !{, em breit und
zwischen 28 und 33 cm' lang odeI' eine mogHchst iihnliche
GroBe haben. Die Bogen sollen nul' e.inseitig,' lesbar,:und
in Maschdnenschrlft beschrieben werden. Die Anmeldung
und die zugehol'igen Urkuriden sollen in runffacher Aus
fertigung eingereicht werden. Ferner soIlen soviel weitere
Abschriften beigefiigt werden, wie zwecks Zustellun,g von
je einer Abschrift an jeden, am Ver.fahren Bete.i!J!gten er
forderl1ch sind (AmItel 61 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militlir
regierul}g).
4. Da das Gesetz von deutschenBehorden angewendet
4. Since the Law wdll be administered by German 'agen
wird, soIl die Anmeldung, soweit moglich. in deutscher
cies, the petition \Should be written .in German, if :pos
Sprache abgefallt sein; andernfalls muB sie in englischer
sible; otherwise, the English language shall be used. Affi
Sprache- abgefaI3t sein. Eidesstattlichen Versicherungen, die
davits submitted in any other language shall be a~com- , in einer anderen Sprache eingereicht werden, solI eine'
deutsche 'O'bersetzung beigefiigt 'Werden.
panied bya translation in German.
..
5. tD. so far as' possible, a s~rate 'uetition should be
5. Soweit als moglich son fUr jeden Rilckerstattungsan
'spruch eine' besondere Anmeldung vorgenommen werden,
filed for each olaim:
•
a, 'wenn die AnspruchesiCh' auf mehr als einen E~t. where' more than one 'act CJf con,fiscation .is the
ziehungsvorgang griinden;
,
, basis for the' claims, or
.
.
•
b. wenndie, beanspruchten' Yerrnogensgegenstiinde
b. where the (properties claimed a're !presently in more
gegenwartig an ,verschiedenen, Stellen gelegeh sind.
, . than one location.
6. Original-Urkunden ' soIl en ' nicht' eingereicht, sOndern
. 6; Original documents should not be filed but should be
von dem Berechtlgten 'zuriickbehalten werden, bis er von
retained by the claimant until requested by the Restitution
del' RUckerstattungsbehorde "urn die Einreichung' ersucht
Authority. However; true copies or photocopies of perti~ent
wird. Dagegen solIen beglaubigte Abschriftcn odeI' Foto
26
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--..-- -------,-- - _...... --" - ....-·..·..·-------==ICIO
"
- : .. .. -....-... - ......... -_ ... " , ' - .,.
-
-,.- -... _--_._--. ..
~
kopien sachdienlicher Urkunden der Anmeld'ung beigefii
documents should be attached to all claims filed. pictures
werden. Wenn eine schriftliche Beschreibung eines Ve
or drawings should be furnished, if possible, where. they
mogensgegenstandes nicht als ausreichend erscheint
are necessary in order to present, an adequate descrtption of
sollen,' sowei:t moglich, Abbildungen oder Zeichnungen bE'
gefiigt werden.
the property.
7. D!e Anme'ldung mu13, datient und vom Berechtigt,'
7. Each petition shall be, dated and shall be signed ,by
the claimant or by his duly authorized representative; if ,oder seinem bevoUinachtigten Vertreter unterschrieb.
win; wenn sie von einer dritten Person unterschrieben i:
signed by a person other' than the claimant, tne power of
so niuB die Vollmacht oder sonstige Ermachtigung dies,
attorney or other authorization of such a person should
Person mit der Anmeldung eingereicht werden.
accompany the claim.
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III. Penalties for False Claims.
III., Strafbestlmmungen fUr unrichtl~eAnmeldungen
Any person knowingly making false statements in con
nection with a claim for restitution under Military Govern
ment Law No. 59 will be liable to' punishment under Ar
ticle II, parairaph 33, of, Military Government Ordinance
No. 1.
Wcr' im Zusammenhang mit der, Arimeldung eines Al
spruchs auf Riickerstattung' nacho MaJ3gabe des Gesetz.
Nr. 59 der Militarregierung eine wissentlich falsche Ar
gabe macht, macht sich nacho den Vorschrif:en, des Al
tike1s II, Ziffer' 33 der Verordnung Nr. 1 der Militarregi(
rung strafb<l:r.
IV. Effective Date.,
ler
IV. Datum des Inkrafttretens:
ir
ANHANG
OUTLINE OF, INFORMATION' REQUESTED IN A;
PETITION FOR RESTITUTION UNDER MILITARY
GOVERNMENT LAW NO. 59
In
Diese Verordnung tritt am 10, November 1947 in Kraft.
APPENDIX
Lg
This regulation' shall' become effective on 10 November
1947.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
ANLEITUNG ZUR VORNAHME DER ANMELDUNG EINE
RVCKERSTATTUNGSANSPRUCHS NACH' MASSGAB;
DES GESETZES NR. 59 DER MILIT)(RREGIERUNG
, 1M 'AUFT~GE
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4. Address to whichcorespondence with the claimant'
en.
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7. Familienna~e, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
8. Anschrift.
9. Rechtsnatur des Auftragsverhaltnisses (Rechtsanwalt,
sqnstiger Beauftragter, Vormund usw.). Abschriften
der sachdienliclaen Urkunden, aus denen 'das Auftrags
verhaltnis ersichtlichist, sind beizufUgen.
III. Angaben iiber den Verfolgten:
,III. Information Concerning Persecuted Person:
~r
ie
le
II. Angaben iiber. den Bevollmiichtigten des Berechtigten:
guardian, etc.).. Attach copies of 'approprLate docu
ments showing agency.
et
~r
betreffend den Ruckerstattungsanspruch benutzt wer
den soll.
5. Name und Anschrift eines in Deutschland wohnhaftel
Zustellungsbevollmachtigten (Artikel 58, Absatz 4). '
6. Wenn der Berechtigte und der Verfolgte nicht di, .
gleiche ,Person 'sind, mussen alle Tatsachen dargetal
werden, aus denen sich ergibt, dan der Berechtigte de:
Rechtsnachfolger des Verfolgten ist Abschriften alle:
sachdienlichen Urkunden sind beizufUgen. Falls del
Anspruchauf einer Abtretung beruht, sollen Abschrif
ten der Genehmigung der Abtretung seitens der Mili·
tarregierung beigefiigt werden.
concerning this claim should be sent.
5. Name and addr~ss, of person within Germany who is I,
authorized by the claimant to receive service ,of legal I
,papers on his behalf; (see Article 58, paragraph 4).
6. If claimant, is not the persecuted person, state all !
facts on:which claimant bases his, right ,'to succeed to
claim of the persecuted person. Attach copies of any
pertinent documents. In the event that claim is based
on an assignment,. copies of the Military Government '
license authorizing sucla' assignment should be at'-'
tached.
II. 'Information Concerning the Agent' of the, Claimant,
if any:
:"
, '
7. Last name, first name, and middl~ DalPe (in full).
8.' Address.
9. Nature of agency (attorney-at-law, attorney-in~fact,
1d
,18'
.
MILITARREGIERUNG.
TElL A
Angaben iiber den Berechtigten, seinen AnwaIt oder
B,eauftragten und den Verfolgtcn
I.
'Angaben iiber' den Berechtigten:
1. Famildenname, Vorruime und 'weitere Vornamen.
2. Standiger Wohnsitz.
3. Gegenwartige Anscllrift.
4. Anschritt; welc~e tiir Zuschri'ften an den Berechti~el
PART A
, Information Conce'rning the Claimant, his Attorney or Agent,
,
if any, and the Persecuted Person
I. Information Concerning the Claunant:
1. Last name, first mime, ,and middle name (ill full):
2. Permanent residence.
3. Present address.
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10. Last name, first name, and middle n~e (in full).
11. Present address, if living. "
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12. Last known residence and address in Ge'rmany.
,13. Residence and address at the time of the act of con
fiscation.
10. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
11. Gegenwartige Anschrift (falls am Leben).
12. Letzter bekannter Wohnsitz und letzte bekunnte An:
schrift in Deutschland.
.
13. Wohrisitz un'd Anschrift zur Zeit der Entziehung.
TElL B
Angaben iiber das Vermogen, dessen Riickerstattung
,
beansprucht ~rd
I. Grundstiieke und Rechte an Grundstiicken:
PART B
Iilformation Concerning, Property 'Claimed
I. Real Property and Interests in Real Property:
14. Detailed description of real property, or of interests,
therein.
'
15. Location of the property.
,16. Description of entry of property in Land Title Re~ter
(Grondbuch).
,.
,:
'
'}.7'
14. Einielbeschreibling,des Grundstiicks oder del" Rechte
am Grundstiick.
15. Lage.,
16. Beschreibuni im Grundbu'ch.
�\
\
\
II. Geschiftsu~ternebmungen:
... 'II. Businel!S EnterprJses:
, 17. Name uru1, Beschreibung des Geschaftsunternehmens.
17. Name and description of the business eni.el'lPrise.
18. Angabe, daru~r, woo das GesChaftsunternehmen
, 18.' LOcation of the businesS enterprise:
a. at the tin:ie of ~e confiscation,
'a. 'zur Zeit der Entziehung gelegen war;
·'b. iii moved, present or last-known address and
b. wennverzogen, gegenwartige oder letztbekannte
•
.
location.
Anschrift und Lage.
19. Description of entry in the Commercial Register'
, 19. Eintragung 1m Handelsregister.
(Handelsregister).. .
IIi. Wert..apiere (Schuldverschreibungeit, Aktien U8W.):
III. Securities: (Bonds, shares,. etc) ,
20. Genaui! Beschreibung des Wertpa,piers, seiner Gattung,
20. Give an exact descr1.ption of the type, certificate
. Effektennummer usw. ,Bei AnteHsrechten Name und
nuinber, etc. of the security., If an interest in or an
Anschrift des Unternehniens; .be.i Schuldverschrei
bungen' N.ame und Ansehri~t 'des Schuldners.
obliga tion of an organization, give name and address
21. ,An,gaben darii'ber, wo sich daS Wertpa.pier zur Zeit
of such organization.,
der Entziehung befunden hat, WO, es.sich' jetzt beflndet
21. Give location of, the instrument at the time of the
'oder, .falUs dies nlcht bekannt dst,wo es slch zuletzt
.confiscation and present, or :last known location.
befunden hat.
IV. Sonstiges personliches Vermogen:,:
IV. An Other Perso.nal Property:
22. Elngehende Beschreihung des in' Fragestehenden
22. Give a d·::!tailed descr.iptlon of the property involved
: Vermogensgegenstandes und alIe' sonstigen sach
dienlichen auf ·ihn· bezUglichen Angaben einschlieBl1ch
and all ,pertinent 4nfonnation·, wUh respect the.r:eto,
Angaben darru'betj wo er sichzur Zeit .der Ent2'liehung
including lcrcation' at the time ()f the eonfiscation and
befundan hat, wo er sich gegenwartig befindet und,
its present or la'!!t known location.
. falls dies nicht bekannt ist, ...vo er sich zuletzt be
funden hat.
. .
,
V. Sonstige Vermogensgegenstande, soweit sle bisher hier
V. An Otber Property Not Heretofore Mentioned:
nicht aufgeffihrtsind: :
23. Give a detailed description' of the prQIlerty involved
23. Eingehende Besclhreibung des dn IFrage ste<henden
Vermogensgegenstandes und ane sonsti.gen ihn be":
-and all other pertinent information with respect
treffenden sachdienHchen Angaiben einschlieBLich An
thereto; including, where relevant, location at the
'gaben da'riiber, wo sich der Vermogensgegenstan<;i zur
time of the c~nfiscationand .its present or last knoW?
Zeit der Entziehung befunden hat, wo er sich' jetzt
location.
be\findet oder, .falls dies :nicht bekJannt ist, WfJ er sich
zuletzt boofunden hat.
PART C
,
,
. . Statement.of Facts Conc~rning Act of Confiscation"'"
.....Information COncerning Property Prior to tbe Time of
tbe Confiscation:
'
24. Date of the acquisition ()f t1re property by the per
secuted person.
.
. 25. puroh.aSe !price paid iby the persecUted person.
26. Value of the property at th.z time of the acquisition
described at item 24.
'
27. State in det1i\il facts concerning illliProvements ot any'
aecretions, dCIPreoiation, and other changes dn value
of the .pr~erty :prior to the act of oo.nfi:scati()n.
28. In case the claimant, at the. time of the confiscation,
was not the sole ow;ner of the !pr~erty CI.aimed, state
·names, addresses, as ,well as. Jegail nature, land per
eentage of interest ()f all other 'cQ-owners of the
property..
29. Descrj,be' other., rights and interests of third persons
in 'the ,property, such as mortgages, Liens; pledges, etc.
. Give all the .taets and data conceI"Irlng sueh -persons,
particularly names, addresses, a·s weJ1 .as legal nature;
extent and amount of their interests.
II. 'Information Concerning the Act of Confiscation:
30. Date and place of transaetion which constituted the
act. of conflscabion;'
31. Give exact information as to the facts andcircum-'
stances by l'eason of which it ,is Clalimed that:
.
a, Q oonfiscamon with,in the meanin'g of At:ticle2
,
occured, or
b. a, presullliPtion within the meaning '()f Article 3
.
amses, or
•
c. the power ()f. avoidance with4n ,the meaning of
Article 4 'arises. '
State clearly if the claim ds based on more .than (?ne
of these categories.
TElL C
Schilderung des Entziehungsvorganges
I. Angaben fiber den Vermogensgegenstand vor der Ent
ziehung:
.
24.' Datum des Erwel\bs 'des Vermogensgegenstandes sel
tens des Verifolgten.
'
25. Kaufsprcis, den der Verfolgte .bezahlt hat.
26. Wert' des Vermogensgegenstandes zur Zeit des Er
werbs (siehe oben Nr. 24).
27. 'Eingehende Angwben uber' Verwendungen, Werterho
hungen, WertJrninderungen ,und andere Verl:indenmgen
.
des Vermogensgegenstandes voi"der Entzdehung.
28. 1m Falle'der. B~I"Izchtigte zUiI' Zeit der Entziehung
'nicht. Alle1lneigentumer des Vermogensgegenstandes
war, solI Em die Na.rnen und Anschr.if.ten aBer an'd'em
Vermogensgegenstand Moitbeteiligten angefiihrt sowle·
die Recht'9llatur und Hohe inrerBeteiligung be·z.cdch- ,
net werden.:
.
29.' Sonstige 'Rechte Dritteran dem Vermogensgegenstand,
wie z. B. HYIPotheken, gesetzliche'und, vertJragliche
Pfandrechte usw. AUe auf diese Person-en bezUg
Lichen Tatsachen und Einzel'heiten sind anzugeben,
besonders ihre Na.rnen und Anoohr,j1'ten sowle die
,Rechtsnatur, . der Umfang .und Geldbetragihrer
, Rechte.
II. Angaben. fiber den Entziehungsvorgang:
30. 'Datum und Ort der Entziehung.
31. Genaue Angaben der Tatsachen und Umstande, auf
Grund deren geltend gemacht' wird, daB,
.
a: eine' Entziehung im Sinne des Artikels 2 statt
gefunden hat oder
b. cine Vermutung im 8inm des Artikels 3 vorliegt
oder
c. ein Anfechtungsrecht im Sinne des' Artikels 4
gegeben ist.,
Genaue Angabe daruber, ob der Anspruch auf mehr
ais eine der obigen Kategorien gestUtzt wird und auf
,welche.
.
28
�ns. ,
32. Purchase prh;e specified at the time of the transfer of
,the property.
33. Any other terms specified at the time of the transfer
of the prop'erty.
.1g,
nd
~i-
ait
let
(zt
en
h
ch
ng
ld,
,e
er
,n
i
'j
m
34. Consideration received at the time of the transaction
and subsequently thereto, State c'on~ideration paid or
given by the transfere(;!, :specify the amounts,time
and place of payments, to whom the amounts were
paid, and all other pertinen t circumstances.
35. State any, restrictions, placed upon the use by the
persecuted person of the consideration paid or give!l
by the transferee.
36. Did the consideration reozived constitute' a fair pur
chase price within the meaning of Article 3; paragrapl;l
3?, 'If not, what would have been 'a fair purchase
price? State basis of estimate.
3'1. Give all other pertinent information, particularly
names and 'addresses of witnesses capable of testify
ing to' the statements made in Part C, Section II;
attach copies of any pertinent evidentiary documents,
cl~
,
III. Information Concerning the Property After ~he Act of
Confiscation:
38. In instances where an 'accounting under the Law is
claimed, give all pertinent information showing the
basis of such' claim, including information withre
spect to profits; losses, accretions, improvements, de
terior,at-ion, damage, loss, management, expenses, etc:'
,Give 'all other pertinent information necessary for
such accounting between' the parties with names and
addresses· of witnesse,s, capable of 'testifying to the
statements made in Part G, Section III; attach copies
of pertinent evidentiary documents, etc.
IV:' I nformation with Respect to, the Restitutor and All
Other Parties to the Proceedings, Except the Claimant:
39. Give full names, ,present or last know~ addresses, and
extent-of participation in, or knowledge of, the trans
action 01' confiscation with respect to:'
a. the persO'n who first acquired tJhe property !<rom
the persecuted person, also" his address at the time
af confisoation;
b. all 'persons, (excetPt present 'holder) subseqtlently
holding the .property;
:i,
,e
'
1,
e
r
c. the present or liast known holder;
d. all other lPersons, d~iming an int~est in' the
property (mortga'gees, tenants, etc.).
40, Give all other pertinent ind'ormatio'n,particulaI-ly
names and addresses of witnesses capable of testifying
to.'the statements made ,in Pi!lrt C, Section' IV; attach
copies of pertinent evidentiary docu~ents, etc.
,
~.
,r
t
4
r
'f
,
V. Other Information:
41." Any other pertinent ;information deemed necessary to
give a <tuB statement of the .petiHon,zr's claim for
restitution.
P.ART,D
Prayer for Relief
The Restitution Authority will not enter an or,der for
restitution or other relief under this Law unless the
claimants sets forth, in a prayer, the relief sought, detailed
in the manner in which he desires it to appear in the final
'order of the Restitution Authority: . In setting forth the,
prayer for relIef in. this Par,t, the following information'
should be included:
32. Angaben tiber den' KaUlpreis, wie er zur Zeit de'
,VerauBerung des Vermogensgegenstandcs berechnc
wurde.
33. AIle sonstigen Vertragsbedingungen, wie sie ,zur Zei
der VerauBerung des Vermogen~gegenstandes' fest
gelegt Wurden.'
'
34. Angaben tiber das Entgelt" das der VerauBerer in
. Zeitpunkt der VerauBerung und gegebenenfalls spate
erhalten hat. Angaben tiber die Gegenleistung, die de
Erwerber gemacht hat; Angaben tiber die Betrag'
'sowie Zeit und Ort der geleisteten Zahlungen, aJ
wen ,diese Zahlungen geleistet worden sind und all,
sonstigen zur AufkUirung des Sachverhalts dienlicheJ
Umstande.
'35. Angaben tiberetwaige, dem Verfolgten auferlegte V.er'
filgungsbeschrankungen hinsichtlich des gezahlten ode
erhaltenen 'Enlgelts.
,
'
36. War das Entgelt ,ein angemes!)ener Kaufpreis im Sinn"
des Artikels 3; Absatz3? Falls nein, Angaibe des ange
,messenenKaufpreises. Worauf beruht die Schatzunl
'dieses' angemessenen Kaufpreises?
'
37. AHe weiteren sachdienlichen Angaberi" besonder:
Namen und Arischriften von Zeugen, die Aussagen iI
Bezug auf die Angaben unter Teil C, II, machel
konnen.. Abschriften etwaiger beweiserheblicher Ur,
kunden usw. sind bei,zuitigen.
III. Angaben, tiber den Vermiigensgegenstand nach de;
Entziehung:
.
38: In denjenigen Fallen,' in deilen nach MaBgab~ de:
Gesetzes eine Rechnungslegung beansprucht wird
sind alle sachdienlichen Angaben uber den Grum
dieses Anspruchs ,sowie tiber Gewinn, Verluste', Wert·
erhohungen, Verwendungen, Verschlechterungen, Scha,
den; Untergang, Geschaftsfilhrung, Auslagen usw. Zt
,machen. Die fill' die Rechnungslegung erforderlicher'
Angaben oollen auch die Namen, und Anschriften vor
Zeugen enthaifen, die Aussagen in Bezug auf Angaber
in' Teil C, .III, machen konnen. Abschriften etwaigel
beweiserheblicherUrkunden usw. sind beizufilgen.
IV. Angaben tibet; d~n Riickerstattungspftichtigen und alII
sonstigen am Verfahren Beteiligten mit Ausnahme de:
Riickerstattungsberechtigten:
,
39. Familienname; gegenwiirtige. und letztbeka:nnte An,
schrift; Umfangder Beteiligung an dem die Ent
ziehung darstellenden Vorgang; oder Kenntnis hier
von, undzwar in Bezug auf
a. denjenigen, der den Vermogensgegenstand zuers;
von dem' Verfolgten erworbenhat (Ersterwerber,
sowie dessen, .l\nschrift zur Zeit der Entziehung;
b. aIle diejenigen Personelli (mit Ausnahme de,
gegenwartigen Besitzers oder Eigentiimers), die der
Vermogensgegenstand spaterhin im Besitz ode!
'Eigentum hatten;
c. den gegenwartigen oder letztbekannten Besitzer'
oder Eigenttimer;
,d., ,aIle sonstigen Personen, die ein Recht an den:
Vermogensgegenstand geltend machen, (z. B
Hypothekenglaubiger, Mieter usw.).
40. Alle, weiteren sonstigen sachdienlichen Angaben, ins
besondere 'Namen und Anschriften von' Zeugen, die
Aussagen in Bezug auf die Angaben in Teil C, IV,
machen konnen; Abschriften etwaiger beweiserheb
, Ucher Urkundenusw, sind beizufilgen.
V. Sonstige 'Angaben:
'
41. Sonstige' sachdienliche Angaben" die fill' eine voll
'standige SChilderung' des Sachverhalts, auf die sich
'der Rtickerstattungsanspruch begrtindet, erforderlich
sind.
TElL D
Rtickerstathmgsantrag
Die Rtickerstattungsbehorde kann ein die Rtickerstattung
anordnendes' Urtei! odeI' ein sonstiges UrteH auf Grund de~
Gesetzes nur erlassen, wenn der Anspruchsberechtigte den
Anspruch auf RUckerstattung dem WorUaut nach. so genau
angibt, wie er s~iner Auffassung na!;!h in dem Endurteil, der
Rtickerstattungsbehorde formuliert werden soll; zu diesem
Zweck sollen folgende Angaben gemacht werden:
29
�42.. State, whether, in .lieu . of all other claims fOr r~sti
tution, the claimant elects the. remedy set forth in
Article 16 'of the Law," if' so, the amoUllt claimed
1hereunder.
.
.43. In case the remedy set forth in illUcle 16 is not
elected, state with respect to each item ot property
. listed in Part B, and with respect to each person
named in Section IV. of PartC, the specific relief
sought, in particular:
a. whetner, and to what extent, restituUon in kind
,is requested;
.
b. In case restitution in kind is' not possible or in
case of deterioration, whether compensat:on ,s
requested, and, if so in what amount; .
. c. whether, <and in what amount a claim is ·made for
p~nts, use, profits, :etc.;
d. Whether and to what extent any other relief is·
sought unuer the provisions of this Law.
42. Ob der Bere<;htigte an Stelle aller sonstigen Anspruche
aut' Rtickerstattung 'den Anspruch nach MaBg'abe des
Artikels 16 des Gesetzes erhebt, und falls ja, in' welcher
Hone.
'
43, ,Falls del' Anspruch aUf Nachzahlung gemiill Artikel 16
nicnt erhoben wire!, soil in Bezug au! Jeo.en einzelnen in
Teil,B .aUlgenihrten Vermogensgegenstand und in Bezug auf
jede in Teil C, IV, genannte ,Person angegeoon ,werden:
a. ob und inwieweit. Riickerstattung in Natul' ver
langt wird;
b. im"Falle, daJ3 Rtickerstattung in Natur nicht mog
lich ist, odeI' iml!'alle der Verschlechterung des
Vermogensgegenstandes, 'ob eine,' Entschadigung
veriangt wlrC! und,talis ja, in weichel' Hohe;
c. ob und in welcher Hohe ein Anspruch au! Mieten,
GebrauchsUbenassung, Gewiim usw. erhoben wird;
d. ob und in welcher Hohe weitere Ansprtiche auI
'. Gr:und dieses Gesetzes erhoben 'werden.
TElL E
PART E
II We, hereby deciare that ail information given·.in the
foregoing petition is to the best of my/our knowledge ac
curate, complete and true.
lch/Wi!" erkHiren hiermit, daB, alle in der vorstehenden'
Anmeldung enthaltenen Angaben nach mememlunserem
'besten Wlssen und Gewissen genau, vollstandig tind del'
Wahrheit entsprechend gemacht worden sind.
Datum
Signliture
Date
Unterschrift
MILITARY GOVERNMENT .....::. GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
l\:IILlTARREGlERUNG- DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KON'.fROLLGEBIET
REGULATION NO.2
AUSr'OHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
.~l-l 2 ZU1\1 GESETZ NR. 59
DElf MIUTAHH.EGI~RUNG
~D£R
.,. .
MJLITARY GOVERN.MENT
LAW NO.59.
"
Filing of Reports as Required by Military
Government Law N~. 59
Erstattung von Anzeigen gemaH Gesetz Nr.. 59
der Militarregierung
: Pursuant to Articles 73 and 74 of Military Governmenf
Nach Artikel 73 und 74 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 del' Militar
Law No. 59, "Restitution of Identifiable Property" (see' regierung uber RtickerStalnung festst€ ; l1barer' V.erm6gen!l
gegenst,ancie (siehe Anhang "A") sind alie f'ersonen, welche
.A.ppendix 'A"), all 'persons holding certain property, which
vel'm6gellsgegenstan<ie, ale moglicnerweise del' ltticke):'stat
may be subject to restitution under this Law are' required
. ,tung nach Maugaoe des Gesetzes untel'1iegen, ,in Besitz oder
to file, on or before 15 May 1948, a report concerning such
.l;!;lgentum haoen, verprlic:ntet, bis zum 15. Mai hi46 dem
property, wHh the' Zentralanmeldeamt (Central Filing
aui Grund del' AusIunrungsverordnung Nr. 1 zum Gesetz
Agency), !:saC! Nauneim, Gel'many, as established by Reg
Nr. 51:1 del' MHitarregierung crrichte:ten 'L.entralC:inmelueamt
ulation No. 1 under this Law. Pursuant to. Articles 75,' m !:Sad Nauheim (Deutsch.l.and) eine Anzeige zu ersta~ten.
76 and 77 of this Law (see' A.t~~Nmdix. 'A,), penalties are
Wer seiner Anzeigeptiicht nicht nachkomnit, macht sicn
provided for the f,aHure of' such persons to file sucn re
nach Ma1.lgabe der Artikel 75, 76 und n des Gesetzes Nr. 5l:1
del' lVlilit.arregierurig (Anhang "A'J stra:fbar. Auf Grunt!
ports. Pursuant to' Article 92 of this Law and in imple
utis Al'tlkels 1;.12 ale,,!;;,; Gesetzes und in Verfolg del" Ar
mentation of Article 73 and 74 thereof;. it is hereby' ordered
tikel 73' una 74 aesselben wird. nierqut 10lgenaes angeordm:k:
as follows:
i I.. Form der Anzeige:;
. .
report should follow the outLine sct out in'l
1. Dit! Anzeige soH entsprechend del' .im Anhang "B"
A~.c ve,'Appendix 'B. .A.lI information required should be given in . gegelJcnim' . .li.n!t:Hu~g vorgenommen wcrden.
.
Hmgten Angaben sohen genau und in 'gedrangter lform· ge
exact and concise form.
,
.
. machi werden:.
.
2. When the reporting person desi·res to give mare !l!X
2. Falls del' Berechtigte ausfi.ihrlichere Angaben machen
tensive cXlplanations, they should be added as· nwnbered
Will, sind sie als Anlage del' Anzeige beizuftigeri, und zwar
annexes to the report, together with' appropriate docu-, zusammen mit sachdlenlichen Urkunden und eidesstatt
ments and attldavi:ts.
. ,
i
H,chen Versicherungen. Die Anlagen sind zu numerieren.
3. No printed form need be used. The report, should
3. Es. ist nichi notwendig, gedruckte :Formulare zu ver
contain the required information in the 'ord~ ih whiCh it .wenden. Die erforderUchen Angaben sollen in der Anzeige
in del' aus dem Anhang HB" ersicht1iche.il Reihenfolge'gemacht
fOrth in Appendix 'B' and each item thereof shall
en a number, appeanng .'l:Il the·left margm of the
\;,1el'aen; die Antwort au! jede l<'rage sol! am lmken 'Rand
•
paper, corresponding to the number 'set forth in Appendix
aes zur Anzeige verwendeten Bogens mit derjenigen Ziffer
.
,
.
bezei<;hnet werden, welche d'~r im Anhang HB" zur Bezeich
'B',The sheets of ~r 01'). whi.ch the \report lis typed should,
nung der Frage verwendeten' Ziffer entspricM. Die zur
for uniformity, be 8~ inches wide and 'between 11 and 13
Anzeige verwendeten Bogen solien aus GrUnden del' Ein
inches loni, or have dimensions as similar as possible.
heitIichkeit nieht groBer sein als 21'/! .em breit und zwi-,
1. Manner o,I Filing Reports:
1. The
.,1
30.
�. cOpies· should be typewll1tten on one side o;f the sheet schen 28. und . 33 em langoder eine mogllchst iihnllclte
. and 9hallbe lIeglble. 'l'be report sh8U be written' in , GriSJ3e baben.. Die Bogen sollennur emseitig, lesbar und
in Maschinenschrlft
werden. Die
one originaJ. and 1JwO' ~Mca'te copies th~eot shall . in deutseber Spraebebeschriebenseln; es sollen ·Anzeige soll
abgefa.Ot
eln· Original
ftled
und' zwei. Abschriften eingerelcht werden.'
,
.~ Property' in different' location should be repOrted
4. Ffir Verm6gensgegenstliilde, die sieb an verschiedenen
Orten befinden,. sollen gesonderte Anzeigen erstattet
Se,parately.
,
.
. '
.
~< i. Each ~ sJlowldbe dated and. shall be signed, by, werden.
5. JedeAnzeige soll datiert und
] :'the person fiUng the report or by his duly. authorized rep-. den oder seinem bevolImiichtigten muB von dem Anzeigen '
Vertreter u.n-terschrleben
{ . resentative; if' signed' by . e person' other than the re·
me von einer
Personals dem Anzeige
, ' porting person, the tpOIWer of attorney or other authorization sein. Wenn unierschrieben anderen muB die Vollmacht oder
pflichtlgen
fst, so
·~ of .s.uch ,a person sha-ll. accompany. the report. ,
sonstige Ennlichtigung der Anzeige beigefugt ,werden.
, : ,Ii Effective, Date:
,u. Datum des Inkrafltretens:
. ,-t'" This regulation shall become' eftective on 10 Novem
Diese Verordnung tritt
10. November 1947 iii Kraft.
ber 1947.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG.
am
,
:i.....~·
I
~~b:
*
r
APPENDIX A
ANHANG A
EXCERPTS' FROM MILITARY GOVERNMENT
LAW NO. 59
ARTICLE'!
Acta of Confiscation
AUSZUG AUS DEN BESTIMMUNGEN DES GESETZES
NR. 59 ,DER MlLlTXRREGIERUNG
; ~;'l'tELEVANT ARTrC~ES FBOMMILITARY GOVERNMENT MASSGEBENDE BESTIMMUNGEN DES GESETZES NIL 59
; 'LAW N9. 59 AND ,nOM REGULATION NO.1 ISSUED ,DER MlLIT.imREGIERUNG' UND SEINER AUSFtJII
::,..
, THEREUNDER
RUNGSVERORDNUNG NIL 1
{~:
,);rr
j~; ::.,
.:<."
ARTIKEL 2
EntzlehungsBUe
If,: 1., Property shall be cOnsidered, confiscated within the ' 1. VermogensgegensUinde sind im Sinne dleses Gesetzes
p rovisions of this Law. Uthe person entitled thereto has entzogen, wenn sie derInhab:!'%" eingebilllt oder trotz be
been deprived of it, or has failed to obtain it' despite a we~l
grUndeter Anwartsc.haft nicht erlangt hBt' infolge:
· founded legal expectancy of acquisition, as, the result of,;
(a) e1nes gegen die. glUten Sitten verstoBenden Rechts
,geschiftes oder einer Drohung, oOOr einer wider
(a) A' transa0ti6n eontra bonos mores, threa1s or
rechUichen Wegnahme oder sonstigen uneNaubt~n
duress, or
Unlawful taking' or, ~y other to~;
Handlung,
.
(b) Seizure due to, a governmental act or by abuse of
(b) Wegnahme durch Staatsakt oder durch MiBbrauch
eines Staatsaiktes;
such act;
(c)· Wegnad'unle durch M813illl'hmen der NSDAP, ihrer
,(c) Seizure as the' result of 'measures taken 1)y the
Gliederungen oder angeschlossenen Verbande,
NSDAP, its fonnations or affiliated' organizations; sofem ,die unter (a) bis (c) fallenden Tatbestlinde durch
provided the acts described in, (a) to (c) were caused by or VenfolgungsmaBnahmen aus den GrUnden des Artikels 1
constituted measUres' of ,persecution for any o~ the reasons verursacht waren oder so-khe Verfol~aBna!hmen dar
stellten.'
.
.
set forth in Article 1. ,',
2. N4emand wird mit dar Ei'nwendung geh6rt, seine Hand
, ' ,2. It shall· not be pennissible to plead that an act was . lungsweise sci deshalb nlcht '1'echts- oder slttenwidri~ ge
not wrongful or eontra bonos mores because· it confonned wesen. 'weil sie' a1dgemeinen Anschatmlngen entsprochen
hab!, die elne Schiechtemeliliung einzelner wegen ihrer
with a prevailing ideology concerning discrfmina1!ion agai~st
individuals on account 9f their race, religion. naUonality,' Basse, Rellgion, 'Nationalitlit, WelUmschauung oder ihrer
'Gegnerscliatt gegen den' Nationalsozialismus !l:umlnha:lt
t<ieology or their P9litical opposition to' National Socialism. hatten.
'
3. Als Wegnahme durch Staatsakt lm Sinne des Ab
a.Confiscation by a governmental ~ct within the mean- .
ing of paragraph 1 (b) shall be deemed to include,among satz 1 (b) gelten 'Il. a. Einziehung. Verfalle.rkllirung. Verfall
other acts,. sequestration. confiscation, forfelti.l1'e 'by order kraltt Gesetzes und Verffigung auf Grund staatUcher Auf-:
· or operation of law, and transfer by order of the State or lage oder dureh staatHch besteilten Treuhander. Ais Weg
bv a trustee appointed by ihe State. The forfeiture by
lliaIhma . dureh Staatsakt gilt tIIlUch die Einzleh'llng. dureh
virtue of a judgment o;f a oriminal court shall also be con
Sidered a cOnfiscation by a governmental act, if such judg . strafgerichtllches Urteil, wenn das Urteil' clulrch GerichtB- .
ment has been vacated by order of an appropriate court' or beschluB oderkraft Gesetzes aufgehoben wo-rden 1st.
by operation of law. .
'
. 4. Als MiBbrauch von Staatsakten Idlt' insbesondere aine
auf allgemeinen Vorschdften beruhende, jedoch ausschlieB
4. A judgment or order, of a cOurt. or of' an adminis
trative agency, which. although based on general provisIon>:; Mch oder vorwiegend zwn Ztwecke der Benachtefligung des
Betroftenen ausden Grtlnden des' Artikels 1, ergangene Ent
of law, was 'handed down solely or primarily with the pUr
. scheidting oder VerlUglUDg eines Ger.lchts oder einer Ver
Pose of, :injuring the party aftected by it tor any of be
maltungsbeh6rde, ferner die ErwdrJrung von Entscheldungen
reasons set forth in A1"f.icle 1 shall' be deemed a specific tn
und Vollstreckungsma.Onahmen unrer Ausnutzung des Um
stance of the abuse of a governmE!l}tal. act. The abuse of a
standes, daB ,ema,nd weg.en. seiner Basse, Religion, Nationa·
governmental act shall also include the procurement, of a
litltWeltanschauung oder seiner polmschen GegnerBChaft '
tll!'r"''''''' or of measures of execution by e'Xnlolting the geg~ den Nationa;lsoziallsmus zur Wahrung seiner Rechte
that the opponent was, .actually or by law, tatslchlich oder rechtlich ndcht 1m 'Stande war. Die Wleder
from protectin.r his Interests by :virtue of his gutmaehungsorgane (Wiedergutmachurigsbehorde, Wleder
race, religion, nationality, ideology or his political opposition gutmachtu.ri.gskammer' und Besohiwerdegericht) haben eine
solche Entsche1dung oder Vel1fUgung eines Gerichts oder
to National Socialism. ,The RestiiutionAuthorities (Resti
tution Agency, RestItution Chamber' and Oberle,ndeagericht) einer Ver.wa-ltungsbeh6rde, els niebtig zu behandeln abne
li!hall disregard any such judgment or order of a court or RUcksicht dar.tmf, ob sie nach geltendem Recht· rechts
admfnJstrative agency, whether or not It may otherwise ,be krIIft1g4st, und ob sie im Wiederaufnahmeverfahren ange
foobten werden k6nnte.
appeal~ or reopened under extsting law.
.
:i .~.
~
"
'
•f
i
an
81
�ABTIKBL 3
EDtzlebllDgsvermutung •
_
1. Zu 'GunS'ten erne!! Berecllttgten wird vermutet. daB eln
It shaR be presumed in favor Of any cltumant ·that
e following transactions entered into between ·30 J8IIlUary In der Zedt vom 30.· Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945 abge
. 1933 and 8 .May 1945 constitute acts of con1isoat1on within schlossenes Rechtsgesdhaft elne Verm6.gensentz1ehu:ng .tm
Slnne des Artlkels 2 darstellt:
.
the meaning of Article 2:
.
,
(a) Wenn die VerliuBerung oder 'Aufgabe des Ver';'
(a) Any tranmer or relinquishment of property made
mlSgensgegenstandes do derZeit der Verfolgungs
during a petiOQ. of. persecution by any pe~ who
maBnahmen von einer Personvorgenominen
was directly exposed ,to. persecutory measures On
worden 1st, die VerfolgungsmaBna.blnen aus GrQn
any of the grounds set forth in Art:icle 1;
den des Artlkels 1 unmittellbar ausgesetzt war;
(b) Wenn die VerliuBerung .oder Aufgabe clnes Ver
(b) Any transferor reMnquisbment of IPrOtPerty made
m6gensgegenstandes aeitens elner Person vorge
.by a person who belonged to a class Of persons·
. nommen wurde. die zu einer Gruppe yon Persorien
which on any of. the grounds set forth in ArtIcle 1
gehorte. we1che m Ihrer Gesamtheit a.us deli GrUn
was to be eliminated In Its entirety from the·
den des Artlkels 1 duroh Ma.Bnehmen des Staates
cultuml and econOmic life of Germany by measure~
oder der NSDAP aus dem fk:uUurellen lind wirt
schaftUchen Leben Deutschlands ausgeschaltet
taken by the State. or the NSDAP:
werden soUte,
...
(paragraphs' 2 and 3 are· omitted).
.(.A:bs!tze 2 u'l1d 3 !hi~r niehtwdedergegeben~) .
e,
.
ARTICLE 3
Presumption of cOnfiscation
..
..•.
i
ARTIKEL 4
, AnfechtllDg
1.. Der Berechtigte unn ein RechtegeschAft, das von
einer zur GruWe des Absati 1 (b) ces Artikels 3 gehlSrdgen
Person in der Zeit vom 15. Septemiber 1935 (Datum der
ersten Nurnberger Gesetze) bls zum 8.Mai 1945 vorge
nommen worde!ll ist, wegen der z.Wangslage. In der sich '
diese Gruppe befand, anlechten. wenn das Rechtsgeschaft .
die VerauBerung oder Aufgabe cines Vermogensgegeri-·
smndes zum Inbalt hatte, es sci denn, daB:
,
.
. (a) das Rechtsgeschaft als solcheB und. imit seinen
(~) The. transaction as sOOb. and Wilth its eSsential
wesentlichen Bestimmungen auell ohne die. Herr
tei;ms would have talren place ~ven dn the absence .
schaft des Na.tionalsozlaii5mus
abgeschlossen
of National Socialism, or
worden wiire, odei:'
~) . der· Erwerber dieVerm6gensinteressen des· Be
(b) The transferee protected the property interests of
rechtigten (Artlkel7)' oder seines Rechtsvorgangers
the cladmant (Artiole 7) or his predecessor 'in In
•
in besonderer Weise UM mit wesentllchem Et
. erest 1n a'll unusual manner and .with substantial
t
folg. insbesondere durch Mitwi-rkung bel einer Ver
l!uccess, (for eX.arnJ!)'le, by helping him in trans
mogensilbertragung ins Ausland oder durch iihn
ferring his assets abroad· or thTough ·slmDar
liche MaBnahmen;' wahTgenommen . hat.
assistance.
(Abs!tie 2 ·bis 5 hler nlcht wledergegeben,)
(Para.graphs 2 t05 are .omitted).
ARTIKEL 73
ARTICLE 73
AnzeIgepmcht·
Duty to Report
1.· Wer VermlSgensgegenstiinde, von· denen er welB' oder
.1. Anyone who has, or. has bad 1n his possesslon,'at any
.
time after·!t was tranmerred by or takenfram a persecuted den Umsl:anden nach annehmen muB,
(a) daB sie Un Slnne· des Artikels 2 dieses Gesetzes
Derson, any property whdch he knows or should ,know under
. entzogen sind; oder' .
,
thte circumstances:
.
(b) daB elne solche Entziehung nach den Vor~c'hrlften .
. (a) 1s confiscated propertY within the meaning· of the··
des Artikels 3, Absatz 1 veI1!nutet wi~d; od.er
provdsions of. Article 2; or
'
(c) daB sie zu 'irgendelner Zeit Gel<en!':ll"and eines
(b) is presumed to be Confiscated property pursuant to
RechtRl<eschiifts waren. das nach den Bes1immun-·
the prowsions of para:gtlalPh lof Article 3; or
gen des. Artikels 4, Absatz 1 angefochten werden
.
kann,·
.
(c) has been at any time the subject of a transaction .
which may be 'avoided pursuant to the proVisions im Besitz hat oder zulrgendeinem Zeitpunkt, nachdem der
of paragraph 1 of Article ·4,
.
Verfohne ilber sie verfilgt hat ·oder sie ihm entzogen wor
Rhall report this fact In wrItIng to the Central Filing .Agency den sind, 1m Besiti hatte, muB dies schriftlich dem Zentral
anmeldeamt bls zum IS, Mai 1948 anzeigen,
on or before 15 May 1948.
Die Anzeitte muB genaue Anl!a.ben datilher en~alten. wle
The· report to be filed hereunder shall show the exact der Anzeit(eerstatter in den Besitz, dell VermlSgenst(egen
c!rcumst~nces under which the reporting person obtained
!>tandes gelangt'.ist, ste muB Namen imd Wohnort. desieni
possession ot the property; it shall also contain the name I!en· angeben. von dem der Anzelgeerstatter den Vpr
and. address ot the person from whom the reporting person m5..en~fi!'egensta"d .erhalten hat. das entrichtete E.,t~plt
acquired the property as well as the consideration paId, and lind. falls der Vermogensgettenstand nlcht mehr 1m Be<:lt?:
in case the property no longer is·in his possession, the name rles· Anzeltteerstatters ist. den N1!lmen dec::ienll<en, an den
der Verm5genst(egenstand ilbertragen worden' 1st..
of the person to whom the property was transf~
2. nle Anzell<epfllcht entfllllt:.
..
2. 'rhe folloWing prop~ty need not be reported:
(a) :Rei be'\l7p.I!Uche" Sachen. die ·Im Wel<e des nrCl
) Tangible personal property which had been acquIred,·
nungsmlBigen 6blofchen GesohliftsverkehTs auseJnem
in the course of an ordinary and usual· business
elnschlligllten Unte.meihmen erwtIl'ben worden sind;
,transaction in an establishment· normally .dealing
•
anzeieepfliohtig sind jedoch Sachen. die. 1m Weee
. in that type of property" provided, however, that
det Versteigerung eJ."M)OOen worden sind; oder In
property acquired at an· auction, or at a private
Unternehmen, die slch mit der Verstei~g oder
sale In an establishment engaged to a considerable
sonst1gen Verwertung entzogener Ve:t"IID.8gensgegen
extent in the business of auctioning· or otherwlse
disposIng of confiscated property, must be ~rted;
etAnde. In erhehUdhem MaBe be£aBten;
ARTICLE 4
Power of Avoidance
1.. Any transaction entered dnto by· a person· belong,ing
to class referred to dn Paragraph 1 (b) of Article 3 wlthin
the period from 15 September 1935 (the date of the first
Nuremberg la.ws) to 8 iMay 1945 may, bec&tise of tlhedmess·
imposed on such class, be avoided by a· claimant where 'such .
transaction involved· the transfer or relinquishment of any
property unless:
'
a
., ..
82
�,(b) Tangible
personal property, the value of whlchdid
not exceed RM 1,000 at the time of the confiscation:
ein
~e
~:.
gs
len
in
~r
Ie:
len
in
tes
rt
,tet '
ron
;en '
der
ge
ich
.aft
(c) D~nations made to close relatives (as defined In
Section 52, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code) and
donations which without doubt were made for
moral ~nsiderations;
(d) Property which has already been restltutedand
property as to which the claimant has relinquished
his right of restitution expressly and in writing at
any time between' 8 May 1945 and the effective
,date of this Law.
3. No report filed pursuant to paragraph 1 by any person
shall be considered, in proceedings before' a Restitution
'Authority, as an admission of the reporting party ,that the
, property so reported is subject to restitution or as a waiver
of 'any defense he might have had if the rE!port had not been
,filed. It shall be admissible, however, as an admission of
the facts stated therein.
4. 'The Central' Filing Agency upon receiving a' report
under this Article shall forWard a copy of the report to the
appropriate Restitution Agency or Agencies in each district
in, which property affected by the report. Is 'situated. All
reports flied pursu~nt to the proylsions of this Article shall
be open 10 inspection.'
,
~n
len
:rr
sen
3e
:ers
~.
der
zes
'ten
nes
un
:ien
der
'or
'aI
wie
en
mi
'pr
11>lt
",it"',
:len
,rd
lerrl
nd:
' el!.c
.
, I
d
'en
ARTICLE 74
Obligation to Inspect the Land Title Register and Other
.
Publlc Registers
.
1m ZeitpUl
der Entziehtm.,{ den Betrag. von RM 1000, ni,
Oberstiegen bat; . .
(b) bel beweglichen Saclien;deren Wert
(c) bel Schenkungen zwischen ·nahen Verwandten (§
Absatz 2 StGB) und bel unzweifelhaiten Anstan'
sChenkUngen;
(d) bei bereits zuriickerstatteten Vermogerusgegenst
den und bei solchen Vermogensgegenstanden,·
deren Riickerstattung der Berechtigte in der :.;
vom 8. Mal 1945 biszum Inkrafttreten dieses (
setzes aUsdrucklich schriftlich verzichtet hat.
3. Eine gemall A~tz 1 erstattete Anzeige darf im V
fahren vor' den Wledergutmachungsorganen nicht als {
standn!s des Anzeigenden gewertet werden, dall die :
gemeldeten Vermogensgegenstande der ROckerstattung ,
terliegenj ebensowenig darf elne solche Anzeige als V
zicht auf einen Einwand ausgelegt werden,. den der j
zeigende hatte geltimd machen konnen, wenn er .die J
zeige nieht erstattet hatte. Die Anzeige kann jedoch als
Gestandnis in Bezug auf die darin mitgeteilten Tatsacl
gewerlet werden.
4. Das Zentralanmeldeamt. hat nlSch Erhalt einer
Grund der BeSt!mmungen dieses Artikels erstatteten ~
zeige eine Abschrift der Anzeige an die zustandige Wiec
gutmachungsbehorde oder die zustandlgen Wiederg
machungsbehOrden in dem Bezirk weiterzuleiten, in d
sich irgendwelche in der Anzelge in Bezug genommene V
mogensgegenstande befinden. Die Einsicht in aIle ger
den Vorschrlften' dieses Artikels erstatteten Anzeigen
gestattet.
'
ARTIKEL '74
Pfilcht zur Elnslcht des Grundbucbs und anderer
offentUcherRegister
1. WeI' eln GrundstUck oder ein grundstucksgleic
Recht besitzt, 1st verpflichtet, sich durch Einsicht
Grundbuchs zu vergewissern, daB es sich' nichl urn ei
anzeigepflichtigen Vermogensgegenstand 'handelt.
'
gleiche gUt von Vennogensgegenstanden, die in andE'
offenUichen Registern eingetragen sind.
.
2. ErLangt eine :8ehOrde oder offentliche Dien6ts1
Kenntnis von dem Verbleib eines anzeigepflichtlgen ,'"
mogensgegenstandes, so hat sie unverzuglich dem Zent
anmeldeamt Mitteilung zu machen. Artikel 73, Absat
gilt entsprechend.
, ARTIKEL '75
Strafbestlmmungen
1. Mit GefangniS bis zu funf Jahren und'mit Geldst.
oder mit einer dleser Strafen wird, soweit nicht auf Gr
anderer Bestimmungen eine hobere Strafe verwirkt ist,
1. Anyone holding real property or an interest in the
nature of rf'al property, shall ascertain by inspection of the
Land 'Title Register whether or not the property In question
must be reported. The same shall apply with respect to
other property interests which, are recorded in any other
public register.
.
2. Whenever a Dublic, 'au1hori1y or any other 'Public
agency learns of the whereabou~ of property which must
be reported. it Shall report, such fact without delay to the
Central Filing Agency. Article 73, paragraph 4, shall be ap
plicable.
'
ARTIcLE 75
Penalties
1. Any person who
'(a) intentionally or negligently falls to comply' with
his duty to report as set forth in Articles 73 and
~
. .
74; or,
.
(a) werseiner Anzeigepfldcht auf Grund der An
(b) knowint;ly makes any false or misleading, state
73 und 74 vorsiitzlich oder fahrliisSig nicht n;
ments, to the Restitution Authorities;'
kommt'"
shall be pUnt'shed with imprisonment· not' exceedhi.(. five
,(b) wer ,gegenuber
den Wiedergutmachungsorg~
years. or a fine" or both. unless heavier penalties under any
wissentlich falsche oder irrefiihrende Ang<
,other .law are applicable.
'
macht.
2. No penalty shall be imposed in the case of subpara
2.. Der Tater bleibt im Falle des Absatzes 1 (a) stra
graph (a). where' the report required by thil!Law has been
wenn er vol' Entdeckung die nach diesem Gesetz "
made voluntarily and prior to discovery.
geschriebene Anzeige freiwillig nachholt.
ARTIKEL 76
Strafbestlmmungen (Fortsetzung)·
1. Mit uerangn~bis zu· fOnf Jahren und mit Geidsl
1. Whoever alienates, damages, destroys. or conceals any .
oder mit einer dieser Strafen wird, sowei~ nicht auf GI
pronerty coming under the prov!sio~ of this~aw In order
anderer Bestimmungen eine hohere Strafe. verwi:kt ist,.
to ,thwart the rights of a claimant. shall be punished with
straf.t wer VennogensgegensUinde, die unter dIe Bes
imprioonment not exceeding five years, or a fine, or both.
mung~n dieses Gesetzes' fallen, veraullert. beschadigt,
unless heavier penalties under any other law are ap
nichtet oderbeiselte· schafft, urn sie dem Zugrlff des
plicable.
'
reehtigten zu entziehen.
2. Confinement in a penitentiary up to five ~rs may
2. In besonders schweren Fallen tritt Zuchthausstraf(
be imposed in especially serious cas~.
zu tI.inf Jahren ein.
3. Der Versuch ist strafbar.
3, The attempt shall be punishable.
ARTICLE.76
Penalties (continued)
�ARTIKEL 77,
ARTICLE 77
Strai'bestlmmungen (Fortsetzung)
Penalties' (continued)
'Nie~and kanri. sich in den FIUlen' der Artikel 75, 76 auf
the cases with the sco~ of Articles 75, and 76; nobody,
die Unkenntnls von solchen Tatsachen berufen, die er auf
y plead Ignoranc.e of facts' which he could have ascer
•
tained by the inspection of public books and registers, if Grund einer Einsicht inoffentliche Biiche~ oder Register
errahren hatte, wenn und 'sowelt er nach Artikel 74 zu elner
and 'to the extent to which Article 74 imposed on him the
solChen Einslcht, verpfiichtet war:
'
obllgation of such Inspection.,
EXCERPT FROM REGULATION NO. 1
UNDER MILITARY GOVERNMENT LAW NO. 59
I. EstabUshment of Central Filing .Agency
1. There is hereby established the Ceri:tral' Fiiing Agency
(Zentralanmeldeamt) provided for in Article 55 of MlUtary
'Government Law No. 59, the mailing address of which,is:
Zentralanmeldeamt (Central Filing Agency)"
'Bad, Nau'heim, Ger'many
.
2. .This Agency is hereby' vested with all· powers and
responsibilith!s which the Centr~l Filing Agency has under
the provisions of Military. Government Law No. 59..
(Section II to IV are omitted.)'
AUSZUG AUS DERAUSFUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG NR. 1
, ZUM GESETZ NR. 59 DER MILITXRREGIERUNG
I. Errichtung' eines. Zeniralanmeldeamtes
.
1. Gemaa Artikel 55 d~ Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Milltlir
regierung wird hiermlt ein Zentralanmeldeamt errichtet,'
dessen Anschrift lautet:
Zentraianmeldeamt
Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
2. Diesem 'Amt werden, hiermlt -aile Rechte und Befug-'
nisse Ubertragen, die dem Zentralanmeldeamt nach Maa- ,
gabe der Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militar
regierung zustehen.
.
(Abschrdtte II bis IV hier nicht wiedergegeben.)
APPENi:uXB
ANHANG B
Outline of Information to be Reported
Anleitung zur Vornahme der Arizeige
PART. A
Information Concerning the Person Filing the Report,
his Attorney' or Agent
I. Information Concerning, the Person Filing the RepoJ:t:
1. Last name, first name and middle name (in fuli>.·
Permanent residence.
Present address.
• . Address to which correspondence with the person
filing this .report, 'should· be sent.
II. Information Concerning the Agcnt, if any, of the PersoH
Filing the Report:'
5. Last name, first name' 'and middle name' (in full).
.6. Address.'
'
7. Nature of agency (attorney-at.,.law, attorney-in-fact,
guardian, etc.). Attach copies of appropriate docu
ments showing agency.
"
TElL. A
Angaben fiber den Anzelgenden, selnen Anwalt
oder Beauftragten
I. Angaben fiber den Anzelgertden:
'1. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
2. Standiger Wohnsitz.
'
3. Gegenwartige Anschrift.
,4. Anschrift, an welche ,Korrespondenz mit dem An
zeigendengesandt werden s o I l . ' ,
II. Angaben fiber den Bevollmlichtigten des Anzeigenden:
5. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
,6. Anschrift. , ,
'
,
7. Rechtsnatur ,des AuftragsverhlHtnisses (Rechtsanwalt,
sonstiger Beauftragter, Vormund usw.). Abschriften
der einschlagigen Urkunden, aus denen das Auftrags
verhiiltnis ersichtlich ist, sind beizufUgen.
I
TElL B
Angaben fiber den zur, Anzeigegebraehten Vermiigens
Information. Concerning ;Property Reported
gegenstand
I. Information Concerning Present Holder and Location of' I.' Angabenfiber den gegenwirtigen Besltzer oder Eigen
Property .Reported:
' tumer und Lage des zur, Anzelge, gebrachten Ver
mogensgegenstandes :
8. State whether reporting person Is present possessor
8; Angabe dariiber, ob der Anzelgende der gegenwartige
Besitzer des Vermogensgegenstandes 1st.,
of property.
'
'
9. Falls dies nicht zutrifft, Name und Anschrift der
9. It not, state full mi.me and address of person' presen~ly'
Person, die den Vermogensgegen'stand gegEmwartig In
in possession of property, if known.
.
Besitz hat, soweit bekannt. "
10. Present location of property, if known.
10. Gegenwartige' Lage des Vermogensgegenstandes, so
weit ,bekannt.
iI. Real Property and Interests in Real Property:
n. Grundstucke nnd Kechte an GrundstUcken':
11. Detailed description of real' property or of interest
11. Einzelbeschrelbung des Grundstiicks oder der Rechte
therein.
am qrundstiick..
12. Location of the property.
12. Lage des GrundstUcks.
13. DeSCription of entry of property ,in Land Title Register
13. Beschre!bung im Grundbuch.
(Grundbuch).
III.. Geschlftsuntemehmungen:
U. Business Enterprises:
_
14. 'Name und Beschreibung des Geschaftsunternehmens.
a me and description of the business enterprise.
15. Angabe dariiber, wo das Geschliftsunternehmen
1
cation ,of the business enterprise:
a. im Zettpunkt des Erwerbs durch den Anzeiger.
at the time of the acquiSition by the person
reporting;
gelegen war;
b. present or last known location.
, b .. gegenwartige oder letztbekannte Lage.
,16. Description. of entry in the Commercial Register'
16. Eintragung im Handelsregister.
(Handelsregister).
.
PART B
ttl·
L
�n', Securlties:·
IV. Werlpaplere (ScJJ,uldverschrelbungen. AJdlen, usw.):
17. Genaue Beschrelbung der Gattung des WertPaple,
selner EffektennWl)lTler usw.; bet Antellsrechten Nat
und Anschrift des. Unternehmims; bel Sebuldv{
schrelbungen ~ame und Anschrift des Sebuldners.
. 18. Angabe dariiber, wo'sich das Wertpapier im Zeitpun
· des Erwerbs durch den Anzeiger befunden hat, wo
sich jetzt beftndet undo falls dies olcht bekannt i.
.wo es sieb zuletzt befuriden hat.
.. V,' SODliluges PersariUebes V~6gen: .
V; All Other Personal Properly:
19., Genaue Besebreibung des in Frage stehenden Vf
19.. Give a detailed description of, the property' involved'
· mogensgegenstandes und alle sonstlgen sachdienlich,
and all other pertinent Information with 'respect
Angaben dariiber einschlieBlich der Lage zu dem Ze:,
thereto, including location 'at the time it was acquired
-punkt, an dem der Vermogensgegenstand von df
Anzeigenden erworben wurde, wo er sich gegenwiirl
by the reporting person an~ present or last known
befindet und, falls dies nicht bekannt 1st, wo er si,
location.
zuletzt befunden hat. ,
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VI. Sonstige Vermi:lJ~ensgegeDllltl1nde, soweU sle bfsher hi
VI, Any Other Properly Not Heretofore Mentioned: '
nlcht aufgefiihri worden sind.
20. Give a detailed description of the .property Involved
'20. Eingehende Beschreibung des in Frage stehenden Ve
and all other pertinent information with' respect·
mOgensgegenstandes und· aile sonsUgen ihn betreffend.
" thereto, Including location at the time it was acquired
sachdienlichen Angaben einschieBlich Angaben da
tiber,- wo sich der Vermogensgegenstand im Zeitpun
by the reporting person and the present or last known
des Erwerbs. durch den Anzeiger befunden hat, wo
location.
sich gegenwiirtlg be1lndet ~d, ialls dies nicht bekan
1st, wo er sicb zuletzt befunden hat.
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(Bonds, shares, etc.).
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17. Give an exact description of the . type, certlilcate
number, etc. of the security... If an interest In or. an
obligation of an organization, give name and address
ot such .organization.
.
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18. Give location of the inst.rum:ent at the time' it was
. acquired by the reporting person, . and present or last
known location~
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PART C
statement of Facts' Concerning Ac~uis1tfon of and Disposal
of Properly
I. Information Concerning Property at the Time ,of the
Acquisition:
21. Date of the acquisition of the property by t~e
. . reporting person.
22. Full name and ad.dress of the pers~n from whom the'
property was 'acquired.,
23.. Exact circumstances under wpich th'e reporting person
obtained possession of the property.
..
.
24. Purchase price specified at the time of the transfer
, of the property.
.
25. Any other terms specified at the time of the' transfer
of the: property.
.,
.
26. What part of the purchase price or consideration was
paid or delivered to third persons. or agencies and
under what circumstances.
27. Value of thepro~erty at the' time of Its acquisition.
28. Incase the reporting person, during the time he' held;
the property, was not the sole owner of the property;
state names, addresses, as well as legal nature and
percentage of interest of all, other co-holders of the
property.
.
II. Information Concerning Properly Subsequent to
Acquisition:
'
.29. Give any facts qeemed advisable concerning apprecia
.tion or depreciation in the value of tpe property
during the time it was held by the reporting person,
including any change in the status of encumbrances
against th~ property.
" , "'
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30. If property was disposed of by repor~ng person,
give name and address 'of 'person to whom It was
transferred.
31. Date on, which the property was. transferred.
32. Purchase price paid by the' transferee.
33. Other pertinent terms of' the con~ract of transfer.'
34. Value of the property at the time of the transfer.
TElL C
· Augaben fiber den Erwerb und die Veriu8erung
. des VermogensgegeDliitandes
I. Augaben fiber den VermogeDlllgegensCand zur Zeit 'd
, Erwerbs:
21; 'Datum des ~erbs de~ Vermogensg,egenstandes selte,
. des Anzeigenden.
'22. Familienname; Vorname und weitere Vornamen so,"
· Anschrift derPerson. von der der Vermogensgegenstal
. erwor~n wurde. "
,
.
23.. Die genauen Umstiinde, unter denen der Anzeigen,
den Besitz des Vermogensgegenstandes erlangt hat.
24, Angaben Uber den Kaufpreis, wie er zurZeit d
Erwerbs des Vermogensgegenstandes berechnet wure
25. Alle sonstigen Vertragsbedingungen. wie sie 1m Zei
punkt des Erwerbs des Vermogensgegenstandes feE
gelegt wurden.
26. Welcher Teil des Kaufpreisesoder des Entgelts ist ','.
drltte Personen oder Stellen bezahlt oder ausgehiindi
worden und unter welchen Umstinden?
.
27. Wert des Vermogensgegenstap.des 1m Zeitpunkt d
Erwerbs:
28. .Im Falle der Anzeigende. wiihrend der Zeit, in der .
den Besitz an dem Vermogensgegenstand hatte, olc
dessen alleiniger EigentUmer war, sollen die Nam '
und Anschrlftenaller 'an dem Vermt)gensgegenstal
Mitbeteiligten . angefUhrt sowie die Rechtsnatur UI
· H3he 1hrer Beteiligung bezeichnet werden.
IL Augaben fiber den. VermogeDlllgegeDliitand nach de
ErWerb:
29. Hier sind alle fUr sachdienlich eraebteten Angab,
zu machen, welche elne Werterhohung oder Wer
verminderung des Vermogensgegenstandes wahrel
der .Zeit, in der der Anzeigende ihn in Besitz hatl
.. 'einsehlieBlich Angaben' tiber . jegliche Veranderun
die in den Belastungen des Vermogensgegenstand
eingetreten ist. . ,
.'.'
30. Wenn der Anzeigende Uber den Vermogensgegenstal
verfilgt hat, sind' Nameund Anschrltt der Pers!
anzugeben, an die er weiterveriiuBert worden ist.
31. Datum, an welcheni die WeitervertiuBerung stal
·,gefunden hat..
32. Der von dem Neu-Erwerber gezahlte Kaufpreis.
33. Alle sonsllgen sachdienlichen Bedlngungen des Ve
iiuBerungsvertrages.
,
34. Wert des Vermogensgegenstandes zur Zeit der Weite
verl:fuBerung. .
.
35
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GERMANY,'
,I.
UNITEDSTATESAR'EA OF\CONTROL.
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Publishe4 by' .
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OFFICE OF,MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
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·.,·AMTSBLATT.DER··MILITARREGIERUNG,··<, .
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D'E'UTS~CHLAND,
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AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
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Herausgegeben von
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U. s.)
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August
Issue J".
l'
Ausgab~
1.Augu~t
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�. , :,::';/:,;'y,;;:: ';,;(:,:A,R'J:I,CLE
II,,;,,',',: :".
Amendment becomes effective In
'and Wuerttemberg-Baden on 15' May 1948.,
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,'<:BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
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:-<+::, ·)Issue G.
page
20
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""~::;."'-':'...o,,....::...-,-_-..::.______~,_I_'-:--'--_ _'--_'---:-:-~'--_ _ _--'-'--_~:_'.,.._:.'__~~~_ _ _....o;.:.......,:;....;..,,;.;.;....;.;.;.;...~
, ,[i'i:"::
: MILrrARYGOvERNMENT -GERMANY
,', .. '\ ·' .... UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
mm.1tRREGIERUNG}'
> .\~'
:(fflr~~~~:t~~
-!",~ •.~,:.~AMERIKANISCBES K
./ ,,'. REGULATION NO 3
:':::AUSFi.JlmtJNGSVER" '
,~ERMILITARY GOVERNMENT
NIt 3 ZUMGESETZ 'NIt'
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LAW NO. 59 *)
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DER :MILrrARREG.. . . . .
' .'L"-'
and Appointment Thereunder'
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, .' Designation of Successor Organizations Pursuant
: ",'. to Military ,Government Law No. 59 and,Appoint~
" : ment of a Successor Organization to Claim Jewish
,
Property'
"
,
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Regulation
,
: " .PWsuant to Article ,13 <Yf :ML11tary GoVernment Law"No. 69,
: the \following !Regulation on .the Designation of Successor
OJ:lgan<Lzations .is hereby issued:'
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,1. A .non-prodit orcllaritable organization deeiring to be
eppoLrited as a suooessor or.gani2lation under lMilitary GoIvern
;'ment ,Law, No. 59, may apply
wrJting to the Office of
'~Military :(}ovemment for' p.ermany (0.5.) fur swch.appo:int-·
an
in
• >. ment.' Such'a,pplicaHon, shall, set d'orth
detaiil aU infor
'",'matkm '?O'Dcerning the structure, pur.pose and functions of
:"" the applicant organization aild 'should beacoomPamed by
" . ,atl relevant documents,wch as arucles of inoorporation end
, 'by-laiWS. - Additional information may 'berequir.ed.'
.
2. Such organization must ,be represen1:a1;i,veof th~ entire
, group or class which it· iis to <be autho~zed 4:0 represent. .
".
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" 3., Upon appointment, a successor or/?iariization mUst use
': ' its assets for ,'the general benefit ()f the !members of the'
group or class which it '.represents or fur such other n~
profit or charitable pur:poses as may' 'ge app~ed by MilLtary,
G~ernment."
.'
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" ,4. The rights .and Qbli:g,atlons o.f sucllorg:ani;r;ations shall
,;' be set I!orth in the appointment.
!
" . , ' , , :Ausfil~~SV~~rdnung
.,.~rui' Artikei~3 des~Se1zes: UN:r.~59:'':;'d~er~'~'!::~~~~
wird h!iermit dienacll!olgende A
die Bestimmurig' von Nachfolgeorgandsationen p.r],as!;en
" 1. Eine 'nidht auf GewinnlierlcMete ·oder.' geinei!!Ul'Utzi'ge
Organisatian, lWeJ.ohe ",aUf Grund des Geset:ze5 ',59,der:
MiJiUirregierung als .Nechfolgeorgan.isatiml aneI'karint',Zu, :
werden wilill!!cht, ka.ItD bei, der amerik.an:ischen ,'Mili1fu::-::
regierung fili: Deutschtlarid e.inen sch.I1i.NicllenAntrag,~auf'
eine solclle' BestLmmung Stellen. Em.. !.;olches Cesu'Oh'mUB
genaue.Ei.nzel:heisten ~rdenAu1Ibau, Zweck IWld die,iFtmIk<
tionen der Oi'gani~tion enthalten; alle 'Wesentllclleil'pntei~::
. !agen, die si.ch aM den Antrag >beziehen., ~ GesensCb.afts.;~
vertrage IUlld' -sat1lUngen der entragstellenden orgaruSation;':
mussen dem Antrag1bcigefii:gt ,werden. :Zusatzaiohe ,Angaben .
konnen verlangt werden. "'. ' ~.,' ': /,'.(: 'i");;·';iT;.:,~,,~:\~:;:~
2.• Eine solChe Organisation muB dik Stcl.1~:~$.e;,;:'Yer~:,
treters der 'ge.samten Gruppe oder Klasse'oo'ben;vfe1che'sle"
. z;u verti-~ Oevallmlchtlgt Ist
'!
, ' . , i \ /;):t}'ri;;hIi:~:~t~,\:
, . ,3. N~cll molgter Bestimmun.g' als Nacllfolt:eorganisa1lion:
rouB diesel'be lllr Verimogen zum Wohle aller Mitg~elie5Aer ..'
·Groppe oderKlasse,welche Sie vertritt, oder filr ritlch",e,1.11
,'Gewinn 'gerichteteoder wohltiitige Zwecke verviiimden,"'dle"
von der Militiirr~er:ung genehmigt werden. "::!:':~;','::~'>\f(,~,~i:jr;
. ,4. Die RecllJte unci 'flie VerpfLichtimgeri einer Solchen:Qr.,.'
gan:isatdon werden' In der Bestimmungals Nachfolgeorgani-:,
sationfestgelegt·~, "
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Appointment Under Foregoing Regulation /',
,
liestimmung ala 'Nachfolgeorganisatlon' aul Grund, :'?
'" vorsiehender Ausffihrungsverordnung ::",,:;:h'"
: ' ,: I. Designation of Successor Organization for .JeWish Property
L Bestellung der N achfoll:eorgan18atloD lfir ~JildJscb~?:.~",,)~,~
'Tile JewiSh Restitution Successor Organization. a charitable
'Ve.rmogen.,:T'/';' , C , ' ' , '
: " " , ' , :{~':,i"~i';.i;::rv~~;~'
orgimlzation, tneorporated under the laws of the Sta~' of
,', Die jUdisclle' Ruckerstattungs-Naehfoigeorganisa,b;':'eine,",
, "New York, United States ()f AmeI1i.ca {hereinafter referred
Wohltiiti.glreitsOrg,anlisation, errrehtet ·auf. Grund der.~tz~·;,
::,to ',as JRSO) 'having applied mr' appointment as e successor
des Staates New York, U. S. A., 1m ifolgenden JRS9g~annt.'
,;orgaruzatWn 'and heving qualified ,pul'SUimt to the above
wird, naclldem Si.e 'Wll Bestimm'llng 'alsN.acll!fo']geOigan.ls8.ti~ ::'
nachgesuc!1t, hat und aUf Grund der abenerwlihn:ten'~tiS,'7 ,:
", ,'regulation issued under ArtiCle 13 of MilitarY Government
fi.ihrungsverordnung mArtikel 13 des Gesetzes N.r.,,59~er.'
',:Law No. 59, is 'hereby appoInted as the suocessor organilzla
• Militlirregierung anerlGlnrit worden ist, lhiermit. aI.s Nacll~;:
'I.'tion authorited to claim Jew:ish property, as herelnaiter
folgeorganisation bes1:tri'lLInt, die bereclltigt 1st, \AiitspruCh: ~ur,
'I'
'Il defined,.pursuan,t to the terms of ArtIcles 8, 9, 10 and 11 of
jiidisc:hes Vermogen nadt lMa1lg.abe der Artikel 8; 9. 10 .!tt.nd ',
'"II des GeSeties Nr. ,59 der IMilitlfrreglienmg zu' eIihe~",:{Wf{~i'
'}:MUitaryGovern:.ment Law No. 59.
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" . , , ' -,\ ',·\:<~.<'.i:.t, :,;\,;,,;:~\:"\fl1
D. BegriJf ,Jfidlsches Vermogen
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.!#~'.>.
Definitl~D of Jewish
1. 'Als jiidlsches,vermogen gntdaS v~~.:dle':Recl.ite:;
. L .Jewish property is defined as the property, rights and
und Interessen jildischer iPersonen oder jiidischer. 'O'i'ga¢:';:;
, interests of Jewish individuals and ()f JewiehorgaDdzations.
Sationen. ., ':' " . , '
"
:' .: ~c,:,t;\'.tB:;,t1:;l{
,",2. A person sruiu be considered to Ibe a Jewish individual
,..2. Eine Perron ~lt als' jUddsch, 'Wenn ale Zw.isclleh'dem;,
)f betWeen 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945' he was:
30. Januar 1933 und d.em 8. Mad. W45
"" ' ,,;:;~;i~'\!'~!\J!i~;r.t,tr
,a. SUibjected, to perse<:utory measures on the grounds
a. Ver:folgungsma:B:nafhmen 3/US dmn. (}runde,,~~SJ.:~ ,;
jUdisch war ausgesetzt war" oder
" ,,'.'" " ", ,>,;
(~:;,,'
that he was a Jew,' or
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, .• ) Issue G, pages 1-25
property
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~ a .')A~'" ·G.~~i~ ·3!¥.~~~:~~~;j;t~
�
i~. :. .': . ~ :::,>~,,, .', .' - :. ",', 'J;~ ::~\·:s:~,r~)<{T,;:::)~~~.'t;':.f~;7?\·~;;?·::·; ',':,: '~; "...~:e-~-~-.,-..
.
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II
!:"",~.) b. Of the '
Jewish race ,or reld.g.ion;.dr,T.~I'''.f!~;;;~'';;''';'.I~:,ii'-:-':'· ~ ,~:).,'. b. weil ale der
'.~~~I~::··" .
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<, ',' ," ,"':'" ,,' '.' .,';". "', :.'.' ,-,-':c,,: ,geb.orte; oder..
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~«Mdecth~ver
judischen Rasse
II.tl'Ug!l'W.!
,
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> '::; , ,c. A. member of'.a Class of ,:person.s 'Whdcll was, 1:4?}~ , ',:,.<', '<c. we!l sie An'gehomge eines J:'el"S(Jlne'nkreiseli
,':' , .,'" efuriinated .from the cultural and economic ltfe of Germany 'weIdler a us dem kulturellen und
';:":." by 'm.easures taken by the, &tate or 'Ilhe NSlDAP 0:0.' the' Deuisch1ands dureh Mal3nahmen des Staates
, '.. t' grounds of, the Jewish race or religion of the membelll of
NSDAP aus dem Grunde ausgeschl.ossen werden
~ ",: that class;
. '..
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Mitglleder dieses Kreises der jMi.schen Rasse oder
I(
ther~ ~ :~enOe
~: ,anr:g:e~llen
i~
that if
tending to
ddcate that the person involved changed his afflMation, f,rom
"
'the JewiSh reli,gWn to another religion prior to .the date of
~: ,:'
hi\;.. de!8tb;, or that he was not actually of the Jewish race
.~" '. ,.
or reldiglml,· the.. restitutian authprity may make' a finding'
"'. '.' that such: l.ndi.vddual was nota Jewish iildividu.alafier ron
dtictlng SuCh investigation .aslit deems appropriate to enable
,... ' 'f to det
i th f ts'
f" 1,: ,erm 00. e· ae .
I ' ,"3. An Orga~ization shall be considered 11 Jewi6.h ol'g.ani
jedo'ch,
denen Anzeichendafur
sind,daD die betreffende Person im-e ZUgell0r~:'I~Ji~:~4~.·'·:'
jiiddS<lhen Reli:goion zuGunsten einer andel'en Re1ig!Otl(;iY.'~r:-·
ihre~. ~ode aufgegeben hat ~er d
zur Judischen ~asse oder Religton ,,<>t,i\,.to
erstattungsbehorde naeh AnsteUung
Ur:ltelrsu,ch'UllIJg;
&i,e sie:fUr notwen~ eraehtet, ,1,IlIl die ta ,
Velrn!:lllo-':
russe festzustellen, eo.ne Entscheidung. dahin treffen,
solche Person nicht-jiidisch war. ' .
3. Eine Organisation .wirdals jildische
i·~·, ~ation:.·~;
trachtet,·
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. a.
t"
,: . ii.: If its' members professed to :W:orship' pur$uant to . bekannt wenn ihre zu diesem Bieh Zum jiidischen,' GUIll-Oen,
MitgIieder
\
odeX sdclt:
Zweck
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the Jewish f·a1th and iha.d organized rf.or that purpose or if haben oder wenn die Organisation der Verwaltung
,.
. ~t wa-$ under the adm1n:istration.of the Jewish commUnity; or
jiidischen Gen1el.nde unterstand; oder
', ..
,: .. ·.:,.,.:i:;::· b.. if. it was' ~a1nt8ined 'out of Jewish community
b. wenn sie von Geldern der jiidiSehen Gem.e~·d~~:
Z fii~ds.
unterh~ten W'UTde; o d e r '
~ "'_:;~;;~l": .
.. ',::\" "e. H JewdSb race or reHgdon was a requirement o f '
c. wenn die ZugehOrigkeit Z'l.l.i jiidischen Ra~ Oder .
. "'membership; or
Religion Bedl.hg.uIlg ror die Mitgliedscha:ft war; oder' .:
( , , d. If the organiz.atio~ was dissolved:o'; farced to dis
d. wen·rJ..die Organisation wege:n uberwiegender Mehr':"
rolveibecause the ()IVeI1Wihe1nnng majority of the members
heit jildischer IM1tglieder' aufgelost wuxde oder sich auf':::
I '
t.'
f
or
{.
.
wer,/~wish individuals.
'~
z~~s:!=::=~eiten'
Rechtes;~~~:,
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:berziigLich des
,4:,AJny dispute as 'Ilo the right of the suooesror organiza-' . Nachfolge-Organd.saUon, auf Grund des Gesetzes Vermogeris~,;:. '
, .' ,tiOn to claim property under the Law shoall. be determined gegrenstande zu' beanspruchen, werden durch die RU~~.:~'.
:.Y.:.the Rel?titution Chamber whose d,ecision shall besuibject
erstattun'gsl,!:,aminer entschieden, deren BeOOhluB der Be.ru~'~r.
,
. apPeal and· review in 'the same manner as in ather cases.
frungund der NachprutfJung wie in.anderen FaUen unterliegt.:'·:'.
,,.
: ".....Iii .'Stat'u~,po~~~, and ObIi~atloD8 of the JRSO
,
,
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,,' .: IJI; Stellung, Rechteund Pflichten der Jiidischen Riick
. '.
erstatiungs-Nachfolgeorganisation (JRSO) , .
•
1. J,RSO.shall carry out its activities in the U. S. Zone of
',' ckrmany' .i'n acOOrdancewith th'e conditions anQ. limitations
1. Die JItSO ofrbtihre Tiitigkeit in der ameIi:kanischen
,
.
Besatzungswne DeutschlandsgemliB den Bedingungen' und
impOSed ·.by Military. GoVernment and by its cer:ti.fl.cate of, Beschriiinkungen ·aus, die ihr von der MHitarreg:ierung' sowie
'inoox1>or.ation and by-Jaws. JRSO shalllbe'operated as oa non-durch die 'Griindungsurkunde und Satzungen auferlegt sind,
profit"orog.anli.zation; dt shall have the satnetax exemptlmls . JRlSO 1st als elne nicht auf Gewinn gericlltete .Organisaticm
., ,., as';a:':gemelnnuetztge Or,ganisation.
under German Law, .tang; Sie genieBt dieselben Steuerbefreiungen, wie sie andere
gemeinniitzige Organi5ationen nach deutschem Recht be
,The Operations of' JRSOand its representatives shall, except
sitzen; AuBer in FaUen, wo ,besondere sehriftliche Aus
'8,8 speci.flca)ly exempted in writing by OMGUS. be subject ,nahmen seitens des Amres der amerikanischen MiIitiir
to' a1i Control COunci;! and MildtaryGovernment legislation, r:egierunggemacht sinJd, unterstehen ddeJRSO und ihre
military ;regulations and appliocableGerman laoiNS.
Verneter allen Gesetzen des Kontrollrates und der Militiir
regierung, sowie miliUirische:n Vorschmften und den an..,
,.
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",}:,~:
6~ll, with theapp~lof OMGUS and b~fore wendbaren deutschep. Gesetzen.
3i Deoemoor l!i48, establish in 'the U. S. Zone, Under ·German . 2 . Die' JRSO . wird mit Genehmi.gurig des Arotes der
law'eme or more .legal entitie,s haVing the·status of chari
amerikanischen MiJiUirregierung vor dem31. DEizember 1948
. table orgaruz;lticins. JRSO shaU, within thirty (30) days after 'eine oder mehrere juristische PerWnen nach deutsehem
, .
.
. Recht in der U.S. Zone grUnden, die die Ste11ung von gemein- .
'aequisition.rof real property pursuant .to Military Govem
nUtz~genOrg.a:nisationen haoben.. Die. JRSO uhertragt 'fn.ner-:
.' .:ment L~ No. 59, transfer title thereof to' web entity or
h.alob von 30 .Tagen nach der Erwerobung von Grundstiicken,
, entities. For the purposes of thlsparagraph, personal prop
aUf Gl"U:Ild des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der :Militiirregtt.erung dieses
. ertyessential to' the' operation of real· property .shall be
Eigentum auf, d.i.ese luristische Person oder Personen. 1m
. deemed to be part 'of the real property. JRsO shall, wi.thin
Sinne dieses 'Artikels w:iIrd bewe,gliches Vermogen, ,welches.
fUr dieVerwaltung des Grundstiickes wesentlleh ist, 'ats Zu
... sixty (60) days after acquiring any ofi~er propertY. ;pursuant
behOr des Grundstiickes angesehen. Die JRSO sueht inner
t~ Military Government Law No. 59, either apply to OMGUS
halb von 60 Tagen nach der Erwerbung anderen Vermogens
.lot· a 'license to exPort or .remit to a foreign' rountry, or
·.auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 59 dar iMilltarregierung ent
transfer ~udH. property to the entity or entities establishedJ
weder brei dem Arnie der amerikandichen Mllitarregierung
.
urn eine Genehmigung :zrur Ausfuhr oder zur VersenllUD'g
'puriruimtto this' paragraph. Upon dendal of-an application desselben, ins Auslwnd,nach ooer Uibertragt dieses VermOgen
der juristischen ·Person oder ,den juristiSchenPersonen, die
, ' for such a license, the. property in'VOlved shan, within thirty
days after .reCeipt of notice of such deniaJ, be trans
auf Grund dieses Artikels errichtet worden sind. Falls· eine
. red to the enti iy .ot: entities established Pursuant to· ibis
solche GenehmLgung versagt wird" wird das betreffende
,
Vermogen innel"halb von 30 Tagen nach erfolgter Geneh
.. paragraph; Such entity or entities Shall hold, administer,
migtingsverweigerung auf die juristische Personoder P~
or sell tlhe ,property'transferred to it by J:RSO for the pur-' sonen Ubertragen, die. auf Grund. dieses Artlkelserrichtet
pOSe and subject to limltations set forth .in the authorlrt:ation worden sind Diese juristische ,Peroon'ooer Perso.ne:n
tssUedby OMGUS fO~ the establishment of wch .entity or
betreuen oder verwalten das aut sie von der JBSO Uber
.
.
tragene Vermagen oder verkauofen es zu Zwec.).t~n und wnter
. Emtitres., TItle to any property held by such entltyOr entities .den BeschTlirikungen, welohe in der Genehtmdigun,g ldesAmtes
" may be re-transferred to the JRSO, it specifically authorized deramerikimischen MilitarregierUnig zur Erriclltung solcher.:
has
'JRsO
e·
::-:!/~.
::~~i,~~.·j.x~ '~~;~l;(:~:1\';;~'
'."
~','
~
'.";
~~
0,
lj
.:
~ ~.'~~ ',~. . . .:: ••
:::.:"
'"
•
.
~~:.
. ..
. ' .•.. '.:,:"':..:.;"
·t"::
:;'·~r':·· • .->;,:\
".:,'
�ju~istischen Person oderPersbnen ~nthallen ,slnd. Eigentum
.dieser juristischen Person oder Per50nen jeder Art kann auf'
Itr
~ar.
die JRSO' rUcktibertragen werden, wenn daiu eine besondere
ichen Leben
schTJft1iehe Genehml,gung des Arnres der amerHmnlschen
~ oder <ler
MHitlirregierung voriiegt. Die Bestimmungen des Artikels 91
, n solIte. daB
3, JRSO and it~ authorized representatives shan have all
des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der' Mllitiirregierung ,finden Anwendung
o<!er Religion
right~ possessed .by German- entities '. and indi~idualsi with
auf o,bertragungen, welche nach MaBgabe <lieser. Vor-.
'schrlften vorgenOlllllJ.en- werden.
tit vorhanden
respect to'the inspection' 'of property andreC;:;rdsj in' addition,
3.JRSO und ihre b~vollmiichtigten Vertre-ter ,genlef3en
.orig,keit zur
OMGUS upo.n reQuest of JRSO will authorize, in writing,
aUe Reehte, die deu~Sch,en, juristischen Personen und Elnzel.
, Religion. vor
'JRSO 'and its 'aut'horized· rcpres~ntatives to inspect such prop
personen in bezug auf die Besiohtigung von Vermogen und
iichllCh ,nidit
Einslehtnahme in Unteriagen zukommen; femer Wird 4as
n,.die'Ruck:
. my and recoi:ds and extract information from such' other
Amt 'deramerikanlschen Militiirregierung, sowelt es dies
mehung, wie
docume~ts and records held by Mi1it~ry Government or , fUr, die sachgemiif3e Ausubung der ,Tatigkelt' der JRSO.ifur
:len Verhiilt.
German GOVi<!rnmental authorities or German Persons, in
notwendig haIt, a·uf Antrag' der JRSO diese und Ihre bevoll.,.
'en, daB cine
maehtigten. Vertreter schriftlich ermlichUgen, 'Vermogen zu
dividuals, or corporations, as OMGUS determines 'to 'be rei
besichtigenund iri Unterlagen Einsieht'zu nehinen oder sleh
nisatlon be" ,evant to .the proper perfonnance of the functi~~s of JRSO.~ tiber den, Inhalt von solchen Dok'umen'teh und Unterlagen
zu informieren. diesi~ In Hllnden der MHitiirregie'rtmg.
4., The JRSO and the German entities established pu~
',en Glauben
deutscher Reglerungsbehorden"deutscher Elinzelpersonen oder
mant to paragraph 20f thi~ Articl~; shall m~ke:monthly
:lgeschlossen
deutscher Gesellsehaften' beftnden.'
,
valtung der
4. Die JRSOund die deutschen jOristischen ',Personen,
reports to OMGUS on their oPerations, and such' sPecial
welche gemaB Paragraph 2 dieses Artikels gegrlindet worden
reports as ,ar~ at any time required ,by OM:GUS. The 'fo,nn
sind, liefern dero ,Arnte der ,amerikanischen MiLitarreglerung'
I , ~meinde
of such report and the naturt: of' the infonnatIion to be sub . monatiiehe Berichte i1ber we Tlitigkeit.' auBerdem Sonder
beriehte,' wann hrimer dies von dem Arnte der amerikanisehen
mitted therein' shall be determined ,by OMGUS:
'
Rasse oder
Mi1itarregierung verlangt wild. Die' Form dieser, Berichte
oder
sowie ihr Inhalt werden von dein Arnte der amerlikanischen
5. OMaUS reserves ,the:rdght to" at any tiIIli!, imposE1
nder Mehr
, Militarregierungbrestimrilt: ,
'. .
,:sie~ aut-,
other limitations and. restrictions on the JRSO and its repre-:
5. Das, Arnt der: amerikanischen, MilitiiiTegierung behiil't
&entatives' or revoke, the authorltygranted' hereun'der for
sleh das Rechtvor, der JRSO und ihren Vertretem jederzeit
'techtes der . cause.
weiter:e : Auflagen und Beschriinkungen aufzuerle~n:oder
Vennt5gens
, diehiennit ertel,lte Errnaehtjg,Ung ao.s wichtLgem Grunde
6, 'I'he iurnishiingof logistic support' to the JRSO and its. zu widerrufen.·
'. ,
dieRlick
. 6. Die Bereltstellung von Transport,' Unterbringung, Ver
dcr Beru
personnel by .the occupation authority will be the subj~ct'
'pflegung und dergleiehen roehr duroh die Besetzungsbehorde
of a separate agreement ,between, EUCOMand the J:t::lSO:
t . .eg;.
flir dieJRSO und ihr Personal wird den Gegenstand eines,
besonderen Oberein.kommens· zwischen EUCOM und der
rv: E;fective Date
JRSO b i l d e n . ·
"
.This Regulation. and Appointment ,shall ,become effective
rikanischen
IV. Inkrafttreten'
ungen ,und ' in Bavaria, HClSse, Wuerttemberg~Baden' and Bremen on
Di~se Atisftihrungsv~rordnung und BestlmIriung a1s' Nach
rung sowie
2J JUne 1948.'
folgeorgani.sation mtt am 2;3. 'Juni 1948 i,n.Bayem, Bremen;
erlegt sind.
" Hessen .,und WUrttemberg~Baden in Kraft.
'
rganisetion
1M ~Uri'RAGEDERMILITARREGIERYNG
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
sle andere, '
Recht be~
Hehe Aus
"MILlTXRREGlERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
MILITARY' GOVERNMENT- GERMANY
n Militar
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
UNITED. STATES AREA, OF CONTROL
und' ihre
!r Militiir
I den' an-,
R e . · in
ill. writing by OMGUS.
The pro';isions of Article 91 of
I4ilitary Government Law No.. 59 are appJ.icable to trans
fers made pursua~t hereto."
';AUSFOHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
.NR.4"
REGULATION NO.4
untes der
.;mber 1948
deutschem
'n gemein
iigt ,I nner
ndstiicken
mg dieses
-<men. 1m
.1, welches
st, als
:ht inner
Termogens,
:'ling ent-'
'reglerung
Zu
~rsendung
Vermo.gen
,;Onen, die
Falls eine
r_-.
~treftende '
ld
..
t
Per en
30 tiber
md unter,
lesAmtes
g soleher
e
" under~ili~ary Government Law No. 2,*)
~um Militiirregierungsgesetz Nr. 2*)
as 'Amended
. " . (geanderte Fassung)
,
1. GemiiB den Bestimmungen, des Gesetzes Nr.. 2 der
Militlirregierung (geanderte Ifassung) Paragraph 10 wird ,
hiermit durch die Militarregierung den deutschen Gerichten
'die allgemeine Ennachtigung ertellt, sich' in allen Sachen
,betreffend Geldanspriiche gegen eine deutsche Regierung,
gegen ehi deutsches Land oder gegen eine nledrigere Ver
wa1tungseinheit 'oder geg~n lrgendeine Korperschaft des of
fentlichen Rechts'ftir'zustandig zu 'erkUiren, und die .Ge
richtsbarkeit auszutiben, vorausgesetzt, daB
a. der Geldanspruch,nach dern 8. Mai 1945entstanden .
a. the claim arose "~nd became due after 8 May 1945j
,
. und fii1l1g geworden 1st; und
and
" b.' der Geldanspruch'slch weder diiekt noch indirekt
b. the claim' does not involve, directly' or . indirectly, 'auf. die Alliierten Streitkrafte, einschlief3lich d~r ,.Militar
,the, Allied Forces, including Military Government, or any" regierung, noch auf Handlungen, die von dicsen vorgenom
men' oder, Anweisungen, ,die von diesen gegeben ,wurden,
. action taken Ol:.Ordcr issued by' themj and: ,
bezieht; u n d '
'
'c,th~ claim d~es not involve, directly '~r Indireclly;
c, der Geldanspruch 81ch weder direkt noch indirekt
any liability of or claim against the German Reich, inCluding
auf Verbindlichkeiten des 'Deutschen Reiches oder auf For
dertingen gegen dles'es,' einschlief3l1ch Pe~sionen, Beztige
pensions, emo~uments or benefit of aliy kind, except such
1. Pursuant to the provisions 'of Section 10 of Military
'Government Law No.2, a;s' amended,,; a Gener~l Author
ization is' hereby granted by Military Government to the
German' courts to as'sert a'nd' exercise jurisdiction ill any
case for a claim of money agalnst a German'government eLand
or any political sub 7division thereof) or a~y lega!entity .
existing under public ,law, proviqed that: "
"
'
Ausg'abe, A. sette ,1
.) Issue A. 'page 7 .
5
�"'.
ANORDNUNG NR. 1
ORDER NO. t
erlassen auf Grund des Artikels 111(5) ,
der Proklamation Nr. 7 der Militarregierung ')', ,
to Article III (5) of, Military Government
Procla~ation No.7·)
nerika-'
,Verwaltung des Vereinigten' W.irtschaftsgebiet~s':"
,'Bizonal Economic AdminIstration
"
. "
.
;JiIlEJRE,AS Article III. paragrapn (5) of Military Govern
Proclamation No. 7 provides that the Economic Council
1'ilitiir
have the power to adopt and enact ordinances on
matters as may' be determined from time to time by
:ns im
Board; and
'
~IIWHERE.AcS the Bipartite Board has determined that the
shall have certain powers in' the field
U"'Hscn_ m""nn,,,,,,r', and ,
the British Military Government is issuing',
1 pursuant to British Military Government
No. 126, '
"
,
kl~;~INOW IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AS FOLLOWS:
The' Economic Council shall, within the United States
have power to adopt and enact ordinances, dealing"
matters of general policy which affect more than:
Land 'with respect to:'
Employment and placement service,' unemployment
insurance and allocation of labor;, '
,
b. Protection of labor and labor ,law ,(Arbeitsrecht);
, ,and
'c. Social insurance to the extent, that uniformity within
the Bizonal Economic Area is necessary.'
1 'This Order shall be applicable within the Laender of
,Wuerttemberg-Baden; Hesse and Bremen and 'shall
effective on 16 August 1948.
• ..
'
Art. III, 'Abs. (5)' tier Proklamatiori Nr., 7der Militar:'"
. regierung bestimmt, daB der Wirtschaftsrat das Recht zur,'
, Annahme und zum ErlaB von Gesetzen tiber Angelegenheiten J,
hat, denen vomBipartite Board zugestimmt wurde.
'
.Der Bipartite Board hat seine Zustimmung dazu gegeben;
daB der Wirtschaftsrat gewisse Rechte auf dem Gebiete des
' ,
Arbeitswesens haben solle.
Die Britische Militiirregierung wird die Anordnung Nr. 1
auf 9rund der :Verordnung Nr. 126 der',Britischen Militlir":",
regierung erlassen. '
"
"
'
"
:
ES WIRD DAHER FOLGENDES ANGEORDNET:
1. Der Wirtschaitsrat' soll in der Amerikanischen' Zone
das Recht zur Annahme und zum EriaB von Gesetzen fiber
·AngelegenheIten, von grundlegender Bedeutung haben, ,
welche mehr als ein Land angehen, n a m l i c h : '
a; Arbeits-und Stellenvermittlung, Arbeitslosenver..;
sicherung und Arbeitszuweisung;
,
, b. Artieitsschutz und' Arbeitsrecht;
c. Sozialversicherung, insofern als ihre Einheitlichkeit,
in dem Vereinigten ,Wirtschaftsgebiet notwendig ist.',
2. Diese Anordnung findet in den Uindern Bayern, Wy.rt:..
temberg-Baden, Hessen und Bremen Anwendung. Sie tritt
am 16. August 1948 in Kraft.
'
.
\
'
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY'ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
-----------------------;---~,-----"----.:..-----,..,.....,..-.....;...--'------,.-.....;....;","
MILlTXRREGIERUNG -:- DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET.'"
MILITARY' GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
'AusFOHRUNGS~
.REGULATION
,NO.4,
",V
,,'
,zum Gesetz Nr. 59 der Militarregierung,··)"
'Errichtung eines
Review,
B~ardof,
,Establishment of Board of Review
',Pursuant to ArUclei19 .Qf Military Government La~ No. 59,'
""'''!!"",tit,.ti"., of Identifiable Property", it is hereby ordered
IS 'follows:' ,
1. Organiiation and Seat'
"The Board of Review (hereinafter referred to as "the
Board") provided for in 'Article 69 of Military Government
Law No. 59 is hereby established. Its principal seat shall'
be at Nuernberg, but it may sit at such other places In the
U. S. Zone as 'it may from time to time deem appropriate. '
II. Appointment, and Composition
'I., The Board shall. con:sist of four members, three of
whom shall constitute a quorum. The members of the Board'
Iball be deSignated by the Military Governor for a term
01 not 'less than one year. They shall be citizens of the,'
,United States who shall have been admitted to practice
.Jaw, for a least, five years, in the highest courts of one
01 the United' States, its territories, or the District 'of
Columbia. ' They shallqevote their full time to their ,duties
on the Board. They may be removed from the Board by
,:0) Issue J, pages' 1-5
:.t) Issue G. pAges 1-25
I
VERORDNUNG NR. .4
, under Military Government Law No. ,59 ••) ,
•
..
.
,;:,':F.;'~
, . . ' , .' ", .~: . :j::·~1~
. Gemsll Artikel 69 9.es Gesetzes Nr. 59 derMilitlirreg.erung~:'"
tiber die Riickerstattung feststellbaret Vermogensgegensilinde/!i
wird hiermit folgendes angeordnet:
" <";;;\
,
' '
I. Errichtnng nnd Sitz,
, ' : /.;'&i~;';i;;
Der in Artike1.69 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MilitlirregierungV
vorgesehene Board of Review (nachstehend "Der Board".'!!"
genannt) wird hiermit ,errichtet. Er hat seinen Hauptsitz hl.~:' ,
. Niirnberg; er· kann jedoch nach seinem Belieben von, Fall":5.
zu Fall .auch an irgendeinem anderen One der Amerikimi-~~
schen Zone zusammentreten.
: ' ,./:'1
,
II. Ernennnng und Zusaminensetzung' ',:};:;i,~
1. Der Board besteht aus vier Mitglledern, von deru~ri~;
jeweils drei ein beschluBfiihiges ,Kollegium bilden. _Die Mit..·i\'
glieder des Boards werden durch ,den Militargouvemeur fQr,~:
einen Zeitraum von mindestens einem Jahr ernannt.. ,' Sie ',:
Iliiissen amerikanische Staatsbiirger sein und mUssen' bel",
den hOchsten Gerichten in einem der Staaten oder in ,den';,
Territorien der VereinigtEm Staaten oder in dem Distrlkt,;,
von 'Columbia mindestens fiinf Jahre zur Rechtspraxi8;~,
zugelasse~ gewesen sein. Sie mfissen ihre ganze Arbeits;.)
kraft ihren Aufgaben als Mltglieder des Boards Widmen:7,'
Sie kannen, aus GesundheltsgrUnden oder auS anderen aus~>
.~'~,
,
.) Ausgabe J, S. 1-5
...) Ausgabe G. S. 1-25
1
,
.
:'::.
.',':
:.:: ~~~~;;
'. \::A':f~l'
�..,:,
•
, ,I
" 'fI'
r, ,',." , . ' . ' ,'. '"..
i: :,;Pie:'~litary :~Verrt0r:;'~~rreaS?~',Of 'b,e81th ':or: foroth~r,
'1'
'. ':
.'
'.'
•
..'
,
'"
,'-,',", ""
"
" , . '
,
:":~ 2:"The:Mll!tat~Gov~i-tlor shall appoirit one 'member of
the Board to serve' as the President. Tht) President shall
, , , ,designate the members to sit in each case ':and shall be
,i:;,',toesponsible for the admlnlstratiorf 'of the Board.
'::(r~;.':3;;TheBo:ydShall appoint a Legal Adviser to advise it
10,;, on questions of German, law. The Board, shall', have the
L";po~ tl;), appoint liI.!idltionaliconsultant~ as weil as clerks ,
j!" il:lndadmlnistrative persoi1l'~el necessary to assist the ,Board
1
"'''''~OOd
reas<lns.,
,it",
,
'Irj;:;::~".thtPerlormance
0:
Its funct~ons., ',' ",,' '.: .""
,"
II;; JurlsdlctionandP~wers"
,',
,I!;<';.;~L 'Any party aggz:ieved b~ a'decision 6Uhe CivU,.Divlsion,
,lo,:';,oflthe 'Court of Appeals ,(Oberlandesgericht) may file with
;!:'Y(theBoard a petition for review Qf th,at, ded~on,' base,d o~ly
f",';''';:' ."
,
'
'
'reicl1enti:~n-'Granderi dUM deli' Mi1ittirgouveme'iir"~U!
,',
Dienste'im 'Board:entlassen'werden> ,. ';,,"",
';.;<'• .
2.
Der. MUitargt:1uvemeur emennt eineS .der Mitglie
Boards zum' Prasidenten. Der Prasldent bestimmt die
Mftglieder, die' im· einzelnen Falle zusammentreten;'
verantwortlich; fur die GeschliftsfUhrung des Boai"df
. 3. De.,., ,Board erne~nt einen Rechtsberater, ci.er
Fragen deutschen Rechts zu berateri hat; Der Bo
berechtigt, weHere Berater sowie Bui'oangestellte un
waltungspersonal zu ernenneri, soweit dies zur Unters,
des Boarq.s in seinen Aufgaben notwendig 1st.'
"
,<
"III. Zustindlgkelt UDd Befugnlsse
'1. Wer Blch, durch elne EntsCheidung des' ,ZivUsen;
Oberlandesgerichtes beschwert, fiihlt, 'kann ,bel ,dem
eineri Antrag auf NacliprUfung der Entscheidungstell,
!'
'
"
,,
Antrag kann nul' darauf gestiitzt' werden, daB die
i :i:tf,~::r;~'~?El ground that the';fiecision, violates, the lawf' '
. " sclieidungauf, eiiler Verletzung des Gesetzes beru'be.
! ii: "I,; il',;!': 2/Any party aggrieved by adec1sion' ,of ,~h~: Restitution
2: Wer sich durch elne Entscheidung' der Wie(
Iii,
,'Chamber, may file with' the Board ,a petition for review of
machungskammer beschwert fiihlt, kanlt urimittelbar b
!;;');\'\~'~e deCision, of the R,est1~ution Chamber' upon the follqwlng" Board elnen Antrag auf NachprUfung der Entscheidu
';," "{:'Questions 'only'
'" -, '
'
~"
"WledergutmachungskaIrimer stellen, jedoch huraUf fol;
j)::;; :;~:i~:";·>a' .. whe'the.'r the' find'" g's of "f c't' -are su' p'ort' d" bY~ '" Grunden:," ,
"
, ,
i ::r;';;~~i')-~i~ ~;~ substantial eVidenc~~'
, a
: '. p
e,
~ a. daB' die Tatbestandsfeststellungen fiichf al
,'h}'itiji':",'b,' whether there has bee~ abuseot discretion by the
nUgendem Beweismaterlal beruhen;
,
b. daB' die "Kamnter 'da,s ihr zustehende Rec,
r;v;~);'-"
Chamber'
,'"
"
>,
r
0
J{:·i:(i;:~::·~.whether"prejudiCe
~:rie~r~:t:~S:~::!B~~~:~~a~or~::en, d:
Kammer befangen war;
3. DerBoard kailli nacli, freiem Ermessen die a
Ziff. lund 2 gestUtzteri Antrage auf NachprUfung 'abl
Die Entscheidung des Boards ist endgUltig; ein w
Rechtsmlttel ist nicht gegeben. '
"
,
'4. 'Bis zur ~ndgUltigen Entscheidimg'tiber den Anti'
NachprUfung kann der Board die DurchfUhrung del'
streckung, der Entscheidung desZivilsenates des'
,landesgerichtes oder' der, WiedergutmachungskammeI
setzen.
, ,
,5. DerBoardkann ,die, angefochtene Eqtscheidung
od~r teilweise bestatigen, abandern oder aufheben; er
die Vollstreckung der: Entscheidung anordnen oder
seinem,: Ermessen den ,Fall ganz oder teilweise 'a
Wiedergutmachungskammer oder an den ,Zivilsena
Oberlandesgerichtes zurUckverweisen, welche mit den
vorher. befaBt waren.
, '6. For,the purpose of the review,:Of ~ decision under
'6. Zwecks ,NachprUfung der Entscheidung gemiiB 2
'paragraph ,2, 'above, 'the Board shall have, power to sub~, dieses Artikeis" ist" der Board berechtigt, Zeugen
,p,oEma witnesses, require production of evidence :and admln~
Strafandroh1:mg vorzuladen, die Vorlegung von B,
. 'Isler oaths.'
,
.
,
material zu 'verlangen und .Eidesl!!istungen abzunehme'
,'''' 7. ,The Military Governor may, if he deems It'necessary
7, Der Militargouverneur' kan~ 'den Board ersuchel
or desirable in order to expedite the' adml,nistratlon 'of
RechtsgutachteJ;luber von ihm vorgelegte 'Fragen zu erl
Military Government Law No; 59 or to. insure uniform' wenn er dies. Otur ,Beschleunigung der Handhabun[
application or interpretation:.of that law, request ~theBoard
Gesetzes. Nr. 59 der Militiirregierung oder 'zwecks ,eiI .
Hcher Anwendung und Auslegung' dieses Gesetzes fur
to issue ,an advisory opinion .ori, any question submitted
by him.
. .
."
wendig oder wiinschenswert erachtet.·
on the part of theChillnber is
indicated;
,,
, ..
'
', "
j . , 3. The Boiu:dmay, in its discretion, refuse to gran't' peU..
,,,\,,'l.ionsfor review 'under paragraphs 1, and '2, ,above. The
/" ~decision :9f the' Board .is final and not subject to further
]" "review.
, , '
:
,h'
4.,The'Board may, pending final decision upon the peti~
f ."
"
'
,
"
,
"
. tion for review, stay, execution of the decision of the Civil
! ,Divisi<?riofthe Court of Appeals,(Oberlandesgericht) 'or·,the:
• Restitution Chamber.
5. The Board shall have jurisdiction'to enter judgment
'affirming; modifying ,or ~eversing, in whole or in part, .the
,:'decisionreviewed and to order execution thereo£;or, ,in its'
,dl'scretion, .to. remand the case or any part thereof 'to' the
Restitution Chamber or the' Civil Diyisiori, of the Court ()f
, , A.ppeals ,which had previousl,y' heard' the ~ase.
'i,'~,
'
c.
'. t;.: ';:"
,j
"
IV. Decisions '
,
"
IV. EDtscheldungen
,
'1.' Decisions, : ~lings, ,orders, judgme~ts' and' advisory' :' 1.' Entscheidungen. BeschlUsse, Anordnungen, Urteile
.opinions of the' Board shilll be by a majority .vote of' the', Rechtsgutachten des Boards ergehen auf Grurid Mehrl
beschlusses der 'anweseriden Mitglieder; sie aIle sir:
members" 'Sitting; they shall: be incorpor~ted. in. written
schriftliCher ,Form.' zu fassen, auBer wenn der Boaro
,-Opinions except where the Boara refuses to revieWs case. .
N achprUfung eines "Falles ablehnt.' .
.
"jl ..•• 2. All' opiriions of the m~ard rend~red uriderA~ide III
2. Alle gemaB Artikel III dieser AusfUhrungsverord,
,of this Regulation shall be, published ina manner. to pe
durch den Board erlassenen 'Entscheidungen' sind in '
. !,determin~by Military Government. They shaH be pl\bIished
vpn der MiIitarregierung zu bestimmenden Weise zu
I .i.n ~nglish and' German', but.in' cas~ of any' discrepancy the
offentlichen, Sie sind in englischer, und· deutscher SPI
1 "EnglIsh, text shall pre,vail.. " .
,
.zu veroffentlichen; 1m Falle :V:9nAbweichungen ist
engllsclie Text maBgebend.
"
"
'0 3.
All opinions 'of the Bo'ard published pursuant to pa~a.
3.. Alle gemaB Ziff: 2d.ieses Artikels verlmentlichten
l' . graph 2 of this ArtiCle 'Shall, as far· as they involve the
scheidungen des Boards< sind, s'oweit sie die Auslegung
:' intet1>retation' ,of Military Government Law No, '59, be bind
Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MUitiirregierung betreffen, fUr
1 mg<upon.all ,German courts and authorities.
!
'" '
,
,
"
,
deut~chen Gez:ichte' und ,Behorden bindend.
I
'~,
L"
.','" .V.
Practice 'and Procedure
1·>;:~·'l'heprOCeedi~gS of. fueBoard sh~U be cci~ducted in
::';"accordance With slich rules of ,practice and procedure,:as'
l~j~~ ~oa~ may fr~rn. time to, time ,p~scribe; The. members
1
,.
pt'::':',:;";
'.'
'2
'V. Rechtsgang und 'Ve'rfahren,
Das Verlcihren vor dem' Board' richtet slch nach Ref
gang,;. mid Verfahrensvorschriften, Wie ale der Boarilje'
'erliiBt. Die Mftglieder des Boards ki:innendu~ch die Pari
�"U~U1l:j'l:J.i,'
any
,
reason' he rriay be'
'ocEieOlng'may disqualify himself.
,
.
.
.
. >. ,',
~
,:.11
, Time, ,Limitations o!!, Petition tor Review '
for reView under paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article III
Regulation may be filed only' within the following
Petitions for review under paragraph 1 of Article III
Regulation must be filed within one month from the
of service of the decision of the Court of Appeals (Ober
lIIIes,geri'cht), ,or within three months if the i/Igrieved party
in a foreign country.
b. Where an 'appeal under' paragraph 2 of Article 68
, Government Law No. 59 has been taken, petitions
review of the same,case under paragraph '2 of ArtiCle III
this Regulation cannot' be filed before and must be filed
the period specified in subparagraph a of this Article,
,c. Where no appeal has been filed with the Civil
of the 'Court of Appeals under paragraph 2' of
68 of Military Government Law No. 59, a' petition
review under paragraph 2 of Article III of this Regula
cannot be filed before, and must be filed' within one
after, the expiration of the time within which an
under' Article ,68 could have been taken.
I.
VII., Effective Date"
''1'bls Regulation shall become effective within the Laender
Bavaria, Bremen, Hesse and Wuerttemberg-Baden on
August 1948.
'.
.
"
. ,.
...
. '.' . " ,
"
'
';':/~1
,t··
"
Antrage auf Nachprtlftlpg gemii./3 Ar:t. III, Ziff. '1' .'
diesel' Ausfilhrungsverordnung kB'nnen nui' innerhaIb,
'
",: ,: ,it,
folgenden Fristen eingebracht werden:
,
a,Antrage, auf NachpiilfungLgemIiB,'Art.' III, '~iU.:!i1",
diesel' "Ausfilhrungsverordnung 'mtisseninnerhillb> einet("
Monats oder, wenn del' Geschadigteseinen WohnsitZ im,'Aus!-, "\,
lande hat, innerhalb von, drei Monaten' vom 'Tage' del'::
Zustellung derEntscheidung,.,des OberIandesgeriChtes ein-:,'
gebracht ,werden.
' .
, ',b. Weqn
sofortige Beschw~rde, gemaB , Art.. 68,
Abs., 2 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militarregierung erhoben
worden ist, kBnnen Antrage atlfNachprilfung desselben , '
Falles gemiiB Art. III, Zitf. 2' 'oieser Ausfilhrungsverord-'
nung nur wahrend des Laufes del' in Abs. a dieses Artikels ,
erwahnten Frist, nich ~ aber, ,bevor dies~ Frist zu lauf~n "
begonnen hat, eingebracht werden.
,
' , ," , ;'
9
'c. Wenn keine sofort~ge Beschwerd~gemliB ,Art. f68,~'
Abs. '2 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MiliUirregierung' bei "dem
Zivilsenat des Oberlandesgerichtes erhoben worden, ist, kann',
ein Antrag auf Nachprilfung geinaB Art. III, Ziff. 2,'
dieser Ausfilhrungsverordnung nur innerhalb eines, Monata', i
nach Ablaut del' Frist" wiihrend welcher soforti-ge Beschwerde ' '
gemaB Art. 68 zulassig gewesen' ware, nicht aber vorher
eingebracht werden.'
,'
," '
VII. Inkrafttretcn '
,
Diese Ausfilhrungs:Verordnung tritt am 10. August: i9~8 i-
in den Llindern Bayern, Bremen, Hessen, und Wilrtt~mberg,.
Baden in Kraft. '
, ' ; , ",J,':~"
1M, ,AUFTRAGEm:R ,MILITARREqIERUNG ,,',
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
IfILITARY GOVERNMENT..,. GERMANY,
, UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
" "
MILIT.itRREGJERUNG ~ DEUTSCHLAND,
AMERIKArilSCHES. KONTROLLGEBIET, i;~;;'~:.if>,
,VIERTE DURCHfOHRUNGS';;;}:l
, VERORDNUNG,,··r.'
REGULATION, '
NO.4'
'zum Militiirregierungs-GeiietiN~.6i·j;,
Government Law No. 61·)
Permission for Reichsmark ~ran!lactiohs ' Sonde~genehmigung fUr Verfugungen Ubef,"&lL""6';"~'"
"zum Zwecke der' Ruckgiingigmachung 1.,lJlg~setzIi
to C()rrectIlle~aI Payments '
,
'~', Z.ahl~nge~
, ,~~ercls~ of the' powers conferred by' ArtiCI~ \XXIV of
Law for Monetary Reform (Currency Law), the
Bank Commission hereby orders as follows~
an exceptional t.ransaction as provided in Article VIII
. the First Law for Monetary Reform and subject to
'final <iecision by ,Military Goverqment, for a period of
two weeks after the, effective 'date of this Regulation,
governmental units shall be 'permitted to reverse illegal
transactions in Reichsmarks> made by 'them on or after
"21 June 1948, as, well as such' other tJ:ansactions- In
',Reichsmarks which were made prior to 21 June 1948 for
, , :, the, purpose of anticipating expected provisions of the
",:' First' and Third ' Laws for Financial Reform. . Such
',... reversal shall take the form of repayment of Relchs
: marks by cashless transfer' to the ac;count of the govern
: •.-.tal unit which made the' illegal or anticipatory
'
"
;~~action.
, '
:;'t A$ an exceptlonaltrapsact!on as provided in Article VIII
:.. ' of the First Law for Monetary Reform, charitable asso
,,,:','ClatlonS and all other persons shall,' for a period' of two
,:.;. weeks, have the riiht' to voluntarily declare to: the
>~
-
-'
' .
."
~}~I IssUe I, pares 6-~,
~~~';:
:"i ',,'
" vi. Frlsten fUr, den ,NachprOfung8antrag
,
"
, Auf Grund der ihr in § 24
,ordnung des,' Ge~d~~sens (W'iih.rurlgsge~;etl~),
Vollt;lachten ordnet dle Alliierte 'BankkolmIl!'liSsiGn
1•. Als AusnahmemaBnahme im Sinne von §8
Gesetzes zur Neuordnung' des' Geldwesens wird hiE!rdur<:Q,7
vorbehaltUch' der' endgilltigen.',Entscheidung ,
reglerung, den Gebietskl:irp'erschaftenfilr,dle
Wochen 'nach dem Inkrafttreteo' dieser Vero17dlllUl1lAJ"r,gE:~:
stattet, "widerrechtliche Verfilgungen tiber.
nach dem 20. Juni 1$148 vorgenommen
machen, Das Glelche gut, fOr solche 'VerfCigulDgen
geld. die sle vor dem 21. Juni1948 in El"Iwarimll!:
tigerkllirung ·der ltelchsmarkkassenbestande
kBrperschaften vorgenommenhaben.· ~,Die, ' H.U,CK,gallgtg"
machungsoll durch Oberweisung der' Relch,sm:arlltbE!tra
auf das Konto der Itegierungsstellegeschehen, die
,Altgeld ,widerrechtlich . ,
hat. "
,
, oder: in'~'umgehungsabsicht
.•' .
'
'
1m
'von
2. idsAusna~emaiJnahme
Sinne
§ 8'
Gesetzes zur, Neuordnung des Geld.wesens'wird nIP,rml1:..;·
Wohlfahrtsverbanden undallen anderen 'Personen
Dauer von zwei Wochen das Recht eingerliu'mt, ,der. :Ab,wllt!k.,i;~
lung~bank denjenlgen Tell ihrer. Altgeld~uth~ben , ' me~aE~~,,'
.'
,
,
.
..'
,8
'
�(;i'v.: (:L ('4: 0'1
appoiiltt!d.· pUl'SUantlo the proVlisicms
.,
,
"Ll) i
"
L~",("
heretofore been
of
Mhldtary Government Law No. 57,*) .un d,ts orfiJg,irnal version
"Oustodiams for Certain Bank OfigamizatiQ!l1s," fu;r the Deut
sche Bank, Dresdner Bank and Commerz Bank <Shall 00IIl-'
tinue ~noff1ce. W'hen a new 'ap~ntment .becomeS necessary,
suoh appointment shiill be made tn the 'same 1T113ill'neras the
oti'gUnal appointment was made.
7. Each custodrian so a;ppOlinted sha,il, manage. adm!iJnister,
preserve, maintain and safegu3lrd the property of the bank
of wlhich. he has been appointed ousoordi-an and mamtailn
accurate rerords and accounts ·thereOif and of the tinoome
therefrom.
8. Eaoh custodian may, rubject totlhe ap,proval O!f the
appropriate Land Government and an coniotrnlity wfitJh the
provdsio!J1s of 1Jhis iL31w, make sudh chruirges in the present
management ()f the BaTIk in respec't O!f which he Ihas been
appOlinted oustodian as may Ibe necessary or desi.ra'ble. .
9. A custodiam 'so appodnted, shaH not 'be subject to the
control, . direct or :indilrect,' oil' the present" shareho'lders (frO
directors Qf 1ilie 'baruk in respect· Qf whidh' he :has been
ap,podnted custod'i'an.
'
10: Ohangeslin t1he (lames of the ba,ruks speciJied in para
" graph .6 of :fJ.hJis ArVide whdch have heretofore been made
by 'tihe custodians ,thereof, pursuant to Millitary Go~ernment .
Law No,. 57 in its ori,glin.al verSion, are ihereby ll"atJified and
oonfirmed.
••
ARTICLE IV'
Regulations
11. The Minister President of each Land, or the ,Land
Mini·ster desi.gnated by him, may dssue ,leg(lJI and adrriin~s
tratJi,ve J:€ g ulations
necessary to implement this Law.
ARTICLE Y
Repeals
12. MiIita,ry Govemment Law No, 57, "Oustooians fO'r
,
Certain £ank Org,al1iizaNons" and Amendment NO'. 1 thereto
. • are repea'led.
' ',';
ARTICLE VI
Effective Date
"13. Th~s La.w rlsap,p1icalble lW,ithin the Laender o:f Bav.al'lia,
Hesse, Wuerttemberg-fladen and Bremen. It shra:ll become
effective o:n 15 ApI'i1 1949.
..
.
BY ORDER OF MILITA:RY,GOVERNMIDNT
'",.
. MILITARY GOVERNMENT- GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF GONTROL
q
, .
(((l I I 0 4
.zuvor gemal3 den Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 57*) def
" ..
.
Militarregierung betreffend Verwalter fur bestimmte Ban.
ken (in. seiner ursprunglichen Fassting) fUr die Deutsche
Bank, Dresdner Bank und Commerzbank ernannt wurden
bleiben im Amte.. Wenn eine neue Ernennung notwendig
wird, so soU. sie in derselben Weise erfolgen, wie die ur·
sprungliche Ernerinung.
'
7.. Der Verwalter mu/3 das Vermogen der Bank, tUr die
er als Verwalter ernannt ist,' beaufsichtigen, verwalten,
pfieglich . behandeln, unversehrt erhalten und beschiltzen
und mu/3 hitisichtlich des Vermogens und dessen Einnahmen
genaue Aufzelchnungen undo Abrechnungen fUhren.
.
8. Der Verwalter kann, mit Einwilligung der zust1i.ndigen
Landesregierung nolwendige und wunsche,nswerte, mit den
Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes in Einklang stehende Ande
rungen der derzeitigen GeschiHtsleitung der Bank vorneh·
men. fUr die er als Verwalter bestellt 1st.
9. Der Verwalter unterliegt weder'der dlrekten noch der
indirekten Kontrolle dei derzeitigen Aktionare oder Direk·
'toren der Banken, f.ur welche er als Verwalter bestelltisl, Pu
10.. Ariderungen der Namen der in Ziff. 6 dieses ,ArtYke]; "Res
angefUhrten Banken, welche von ihren Verwaltern bisher tutio
gemai3 Gesetz Nr. 57 der Militarregierung (in seiner' ur· Cenl
'sprUngHchen Fassung) vorgenommen, wurden, werden hier·
mit genehmigt und bestlitigt.
1948.
tatio:
ARTIKEL IV
I. PI
Ausffihrungsbestimmungen
1.
11. Der Ministerprasident elnes jeden Landes oder der meM
vonihm bezeichnete Minister kann die zur Durchftihrung shall
dieses Gesetzes notwendigen Rechtsverordnungen und Ver· presc
waltungsvorschriften erlassen.
ot her
.A-n r
'ARTIKEL V
Filin: .
posba
Aufhebungen
was J
12. Gesetz Nr. 57 derMilitarregierung betrefrand Ver· Agen.
walter fUr bestimmte Banken und dessen erste Abanderung is ref
werden aufgehoben.
31 M<
ARTIKEL VI
2. 1
Germ
Inkrafttreten
Govel
13. Dieses Gesetz ftnpet in den Landern Bayern, Bremen purS'U
Hessen .und Wiirttemberg-Baden .Anwendung. Es tritt am and 1
15. April 1949 In Kraft.
.
.
the P'
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG or Fn
by th,
receiv
MILITXRREGIERUNG -, DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
ZWEITE ANDERUNG
to Military Government Law No. 59 U)
"Restitution of Identifiable Property"
11
!,
des Gesetzes Nr. 59 U) der Militarregierung
Riickerstattung feststellbarer Vermogenswerte
ARTIKEL I
Art. 8 Abs. 2 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militarregierung
.. RUcker~tattung feststellbarer Vermogenswerte" wird hier
mit 3ufgehoben und durch folgende .Abslitze ersetzt:
,,2. Wenn dies unter Berucksichtigung alIer Umstande
billig erscheint, gilt eine juristische Person' oder eine
UJ
nicht rechtsfahige Personenvereinigung, ohne von der
Purs\'
Militlirregierung als Nachfolgeorganisation bestimmt
zu sein, hinsichtlich eines in Abs. 1 dieses Artikels be' Moneta
zeichneten Ruckerstattungsanspruches als Rechtsnach·
folger im Sinne des Art. 7; jedoch gilt in Fallen, in
denen einer von' der Militiirregierung' bestimmten
Nachfolgeorganisation ein ordnungsma!3ig angemeldc'
ter Ruckerstattungsanspruch zusteht, hinsichtlich die'
L In
ses Anspruchs keine andere Organisation ais Rechts sentenc!
nachfolger."
*J' Ausgabe D, S. l'
*J Issue D, page 1
**J Issue G, page 1
**) Ausgabe G, S. 1
1
t
.I
r
31 Ma
Ell
3. 'I
cITedii' .
n.
AMENDMENT' NO.2'
ARTICLE I
Paragraph 2 O'f Article 8 of Military Government Law
No. 59, "Restitution of Identifiable Property," is hereby
repealed and the following paragraphs are substituted
therefor:
"2. Where in view of all the circumstances it appears
equitable, a juridical person, or unincorpO'rated asso
ciation other than a successor organization appointed
by Military Government shall be deemed a successor
in interest within the meaning of Article 7 in regard
.,
to a claim for restitution described in paragraph '1 of
this Article; provided, however, that where a suc
.!
cessor organization appointed by Military Govern
:i,
ment is entitled to a claim for restitution which has
'.,
. been .properly filed, no other organization shall be
:":'1'. deemed a successor in interest in regard to such
,
_
claim."
in ;par
~ceiv.
~
.. '
, .) Issul
U) Issu(
'It) Issm
�.. ,
i
I
es Nr. 57*) d "3. The provIsIons of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not be
. ,,3. Die Vorschriften der Abs. 1 und 2 finden auf die in
estimmte Ban·
applicable to the organizations referred to in A r - A r t . 9, aufgefUhrten GeselisChaften und juristischen
.•
'.
eutscm
ticle 9;"
Persorien ,keine Anwendung."
- 'n
urden,
ARTICLE II
ARTIKELII
: un
otwendig
Diese, Anderung tritt in den Landern Bayern, Bremen"
n, wie die ur. This amendment shall be deemed to have become ef!ei;tive in the'Laender Bavaria, Bremen, Hesse, and WuertHessen und Wilrttemberg-Baden mit Wirkung vom 10. No
'. temb,erg-Baden, on 10 ,November 1947,'
vember 1947 in Kraft.
.
Bank, fUr di,
'en, verwalten
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
' 1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG'
nd beschtitzc~
-~----------'---~---
,en Einnahmen
MILITARY GOVERNMENT -GERMANY
MILITXRREGIERl:!NG DEUTSCHLAND
tihren.
UNITED STATES AREA OF COrolTROL
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
~~r:~S~f~i~:~
lehende AndeBank vorneh
kten noch der
e oder Direk.
er bestellt ist
lieses ArtTkeJs
valtern bisher
in seiner ur
werden hier
des oder der
Durchflihrung
~en und Ver
•
l'
'
,VerA anderung
ern, Bremen"
Es tritt am
:GIERUNG
AND
ET
"'"
J
ierung
lswerte
::htIich die
lis Rechts
under Military Government ,Law No. 59, *)
zum Gesetz Nr. 59, ~er Militlirrcgierung *)
' •
Period of Limitation for Filing Claims
Frist zur Anmeldung von Anspriichen
GemaB 'AIrt., 56 des Gese<tzes Nr. 59 O'er MiliUirregderung .
tiber die, Rtickersltattung d'estste~Lbarer Vermogensgegen
sUinde sind Riiakerstattungsansprilohe lIlaoh Gesetz Nr. 59
bis spateste.ns 31. Dezember 1948 sohrJ,ftldch 'bei dem Zentral
anineldeamt anzumeMen. GemaB Art. 92 des genannten
Gesetz'zsund ~n AustfUhrung 'seines Art. 56 wird .hiermH
'folgendes angeo<rdnet:
I. Anmeldefrist
1. .Rtiokerstatt'lllngS8lIlspr-uche lIlaoh GeseJtz Nr. 59 &~r
Mil1tarre~ierung 'tiher
die ,Rilokerstattung d'cststelJharer
Vermogensgegenstandegelten 'als innerih:aLb dell.' in Art. 56
vorg.::!sehenen ,Fnist ,angemeLdet. wenn afUS cinem dlienS'tUCihen
Vermel.'k der Po:st, del' TeJegraphenlbiiros oder del' ame~'d
kanisdhen d'iplomatischen Behordenauf del' Atnmeldunrg"
ihrem Umsohlag oder oonsbigen me bei ~h:rem Ein,ga,ng bei
dem ZentraJanmeldeamt begledtend'2,n Urkunden ,k,lar er
siohUich ust, daB d:ie Anmeldtmg spatestens ,am 31. De.zemiber
,1948 zur Beforcierung .an das Zentr.aillanrne,ldeamit l3ud'gegelben
worden oder eingega'll'genis1, fUnd die Atnmeldun,g bei dem
Zentr:alanmo~ldeami s.patestens am 31. J.VIarz 1949 eingeM.
2. Irrtilmlich dn der bJ.'lil:ischen Zone DeutschJ.ands gemaJ3
del' Allgemeinen Verfiigung Nr. 10 auf Grund des Gesetzes
Nr.52 de,r Mi,vitarre'g'iel.'ung oder ;in der d'MlTlzosisclren Zone
Deutsohl'ands gemaB den 'Vemi"dnrungen Nir. 120 und Nir. 156
del' FranzosisCihen Militarreg,iel'un'g ,ang.eme1de'te An~riiohe
gelten als j,nnenhalLb del.' ,in Ar>tikel 56 vo,rgesehenen Ftrist
aItgemeldet, ia;Lls die :br>itJischen oder fmnzosisCihen Behorden
besohein~lgen, daBdJie Anmeldung bei a'nnen spa-tesiens am
31.' Dzzember :1948 oder inach diesem Zeit,ptinkt runter den
in Absatz 1 ange:fuhrten Umstanden eingegangen 1st, und
die Anme1dung ibei dem Zentralanme1deamt spatestens am
31. Ma,rz 1949 eingelht.
~I: Inkrafttreten
3. Diese AusJiilhrungsverol"dnul1Jg tritt milt Wdl'kungvorn
10. November 1947 in Krad't.
<
<,
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
!BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNIlVIENT
~----------------------'-------
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ~. GERMANY
UNITED STATES' AREA OF CONTROL
MILITXRREGIERUNG DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
REGULATION NO. 14'
'E?tzt:
~t."'t:~
an
de
AUSFUHRUNGSVER0 HONUNG
NR 5
. ,Pursuant to A.rtide 56 of MMlitary Government La:w No. 59,
'RestitutiO!ll ,of I dentifi a:ble Property,". a peUtJion fur resti-'
tation pursuant to iLa.w No. 59 SihailJ.' <be subrmtted to the
Centra[ Fj,J,iJlg Agency dn WlI'Wng on or h:fore 31 December
1948, Puniruant,to Arm'Clle 92 oil' said Law land d,n implemen
lation O<f Article 56 tJhereO<f, d'tds hereby 'oo-deredas' follolWs:
I. Period for Filing
1. A pebitioJ!: for resbirutJion~5uant to iMJj,1itary Govern
ment Law No,. 59, "Restitution of Iden'tiifiaWe Property,"
shall ,be deemed to ha.ve been sUlbmHted within the per>iod
prescribed in A'r'ticle 56 i,f such !l)Ietition or the envelope OT
other ,papers aooompanyring it ;when ,received !by t'he Centra·l
Filing ,Agen.cy dearLy Show !by 1Jhe offioLaJ lIlotatiOin oft!he
post·a! or telegna.ph or U, S. :dlplrunatic .authol'i1!ies that it
was posted or Tcceived for dispatoh to the Central 'Pi'ling
Agency on or befme 31 <December 1948, and suoh petition
js receiv100 at the Central :FIiHng Ag<;ncy not a,ater than
31 March 1949.
2. Petillions's,ubmitted erroneously to the Brit'is'h Zone of
Germany pursuant 10' Genera:} Orders -No. 10, Military
Government Law -No. 52, or to tJhe Frenoh Zone of Germa:ny
pursuant 10 French Mi,l.itary Government Ordin~nces 120
and 156, slhaU be deemed to (have been suhmiitted within
the period .prescribed an Artiiole 56, provlidling .j;he British
or Frenoh aubhorrities certid'ythat 'the petition was received
by. tihem foi"' filing On or Ibefo,re :31 December 1948 or, ,was
received Iby them thereafter under the CQ,nditions specified
in paraglfapb. I, a:oove, and ~n eilt'her event, su{)h petition is
received at the Central F,Llirvg Agency lIlot aater tillian
31 Ma,rdh. 1949.
II, Effective Date
3. Trhiis ReguLation sh,al'l be deemed to have :beoome
effectLve on 10 Nove.n1iber 1947.
:arregierung
wird hier
Umstande
I oder eine
ne von der
1 bestimmt
\rtikels be
lechtsnach
REGULATION NO.5
VIERZEHNTE DURCH
FUHRUNGSVERORONUNG
unde'r Military Government Law No. 63
H
zum Gesetz Nr. 63 derMilitarregierung, **)'
)
Auf Grund von § 34 Abs, 4 des Dritten Gesetzes zur Neu
Pursuant to Article 34, paragraph 4, of the Third Law for
ordnung des 'Geldwesens (Umstellungsgesetz) wird hiermit
Monetary Reform (Conversion Law) it is hereby ordered:
verordnet:
PART I
ARTIKEL 1
Deduction for per eapita quotas
Anrechnung der Kopfbetrage
(Articie' <I of tbe 'Conversion Law)
(Zu § .. des Umstellungsgesetzes)
ARTICLE 1
§ 1
1. In the cases specified in Article II, Paragraph 3(1), first
1. 'In den ,Fallen des § 3 Abs. 1 Satzl del' Ersten Durch
sentence, of Regulation No. 1~") under the Conversion Law, . flihrungsverordnung zumUmstellungsgeseiz"*) hat die Ab
t) Issue G" pag'e 1
*) Ausgabe G, S. 1
tt)
..*)
Issue J, page 21
Issue J, page 34
h)
"0)
23
Ausgabe J, S. 21
Ausgabe J, S. 34
�,MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND,
AMERIKANISCHES' KONTROLLGEBIET
UNITED STATES ARE40FCONTROL :
AQSFUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG '
·NR.6
REGULATION NO. 6
gierung
en des vor
egenheiten
und~r
Military Government Law No; 59'·)
zum Gesetz Nr. 59 der Militiirregierung·)
Designation of a Restitution Agency with General
'. Jurisdiction, '
Ernennung eines Wiedergutmachungsamtes mit
allgemeiner Zustandigkeit
Pursuant to Article 92 of'Military Government Law No. 59,
Gemafi Art. 92 und in AusfUhrung dar Art, 55 U11d 59 d
,egenheiten 1m "Restitution of Identifiable Property," and in' implementa
Gesetzes, Nr. ,.59 der Militlirregierung (ROckerstattung fe~
ermdtalg vor lion of Articles '55 and 59 thereof, it ds herepy. ordered as
stel,lbarer Vermogensgegenstande) wird folgendes verordn(
im Sinne des follows:· '
Jng bezeichnel.
, 1. 'Wenn von dem 'Zentralanmeldeamt festgestellt, wiI
I, When it Is determined by, the Central Filing Agency
daB ein dort nach dem Gesetz Nr:. 59 der MiLitarregieru,
that
petition' filed with it. pursuant to MiIitaryGovern-' angemeldeter ROckerstattungsanspruch keine ausrelChend.
den Landern ment Law No. 59 does not :contain sufficient information
Angaben enthalt;um die Ubermlttlung der Anmeldung ;
rerrien und im 10 permit transmittal of the petition to a Restitution Agency
eine Wiedergutmachungsbehorde nach MaBgabe der V(
g. Sie lrltt am in 'accordance with the provisions of Article 55, para
schriften der Art. 55 Abs. 2, oder Art. 59 Abs. 1 des Gesetz
Nr. ,59 der Militarregierung oder einer AusfUhrungsveror
graph 2, or Article 59, paragraph 1, of Military Government
nung hlerzu zu rechtfertigen, so hat das Zentralanmeldeal
,lEGIERUNG
No. 59, or, any regulation thereunder, the' eentral Filing
die .betreffende Anmeldung dem Amt fUr Vermogenskontro
Agency shall transmit said petition to the Amt fuer Ver
und Wiedergutmachung, Wiesbaden, zu Ubermitteln, das'hi(
moegenskontroIle und Wiedergutmachung, Wlesbaden, which
LAND
inlt fOr .die Behandlung dieser Anmeldungen fUr zustanc, ,
is hereby granted jurisdiction over such petitions, so for
:BIET
erkllirt wird, ul'!-geachtet derzeit geltender Bestimmungen
warded, notwlthstand~ng present regulations regarding
bezug auf ortliche Zustandigkelt. Das Amt ~Ur Vermogen
venue. The Amt fuer Vermoegenskontrolle und Wiedergut
kontrolle und Wledergutmachung, WiesbadeiJ., wird hiern
~G
machung, Wiesbaderi, is herewith empowered to take ap
ermachtigt, geeignete MaBnahmen im Rahmen derBefu
propriate action, in accordance with the powers and com
gierung
nisse und der Zustandigkelt von Wiedergutmachungsamte:
petency exercised by Restitution Agencies, for the disposition zur Erledlgung dieser Anmeldungen zu treffen, elnschliefili
of such petitions,' including reference to other Restitution
Verweisung an andere Wiedergutmachungsamter, wie
~rmogen von Agencies, as provided in Article 59, paragraph '1 of Military
Art. 59 Abs. 1 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militlirregierung vo
"
gesehen.'
"
:m Natiorien Government Law No. 59. .
2. Decisions of the 'Amt fuer Vermoegenskontrolle und
2. Gegen Entscheidungen des Amtes fiir Vermogensko
Wiedergutmachung, Wiesbaden, on such ,petition~are sub-' troIle und Wiedergutrriachung tiber diese RUckerstattunl'
jed.to appeal in accordance with Article 62 and 64 of the
,b.eutsch
ansprUche kann 'nach MaBgabe der Art. 62 und 61 des G '
lder unter der Law.'
setzes Einspruch erhoben werden. '
Chen AngeM
3. This Regulation shall ,become effective in the Laender
3. Diese Verordnung trltt in den Llindern Bayern. ·HessE
ler neutralen of Bavaria, Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden und Bremen on
,rt. I des Ge
Wilrttemberg-Baden 'und Bremen am 2. Mai 1949 in Kra
2 May 1949.
'
rte Fassung),
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF, MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Kontrolle der
a
Law
NR.4
,
,
r ,unterlassen,
len Kontroll
,'und Verwah
wie 'es ' die
l1aufhebungs
n. die Durch
---,-
--:----.------~-,------
MI,-,ITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCIILAND '
• AMERIKANIS,CHES .. KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ' - GERMANY'
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
ZWEIUNDZWANZIGSTE DURCE
. FOHRUNGSV£RORDNUNG
REGULAnON NO. 22
under Military Government Law No. 63··)
~ontrbllgeblet
,zum
'
ach Mafigabe
Regulation ~oncerning Interest Maturity for Fixed
er Kontrolle',
.Interest Bearing Securities
jer Kontrolle
.
' .
,n oder elner '
PurSUJant to A,~bid~ 34 pamgraph 4 o.t the Third Law for"
ler Kontrolle
der MlUtar·
Monetary RefoTm (ConveTSllon Law) it is hereby ordered: as
g erlassenen
follws:
hat ein von
; Gericht auf
ARTICLE 1
mogenswerte
,1. 'In the case of fixed interest bearing seourit·ies emOOdy
ing U.aJblilities whiCh ha'Ve been converted into Deutsche M'll'1"k
'erwaItungen
pursuant to the pro~isions of the Conversion Law, the
(ausschliefi
debtor may extend the maturities of interest payments origi
nden auf dIe
n;a,l1y 1ialling due after July 20, 1948, if !!he nomdnal amoonl\;
jgensverwal
of. the ~eour:ilM:es does not ex-ceedfifty Deutsche Marks.,
'.
2. Such extension is p€ n nissibleup' to five y~, 'in ,the
la.Bre
case -of securities with a' nominal value of fiftyDeut.sohe
er
1schen
Marks, however, only up to' one year. In: any case, interest
Mai 1949 in
Eli':a11 become due latest on maturity of the08!Pital .1i'albili1.y
embodied in the S'OOI.Iriby.
J.IERUNG
.) Issue a, page 1.
"'
~
••) Issue J, page 21 '
15
Geset~
Nr. 63der Militarregierung ••)
ZinSfiilligkeitsverordnung fur festverzinsliche
Wertpapiere
Auf Grund ~ § 34 Abs. 4 d-€s DritteIll Gesetzes zur Ne
ol"drlllHl!g deS; Geldwesens (UmSitellungsges'ctz) wird
ordnet:
i.
V€
§ 1
FUr fes1:verzinsliche Wertpapiere, in denen Verbindlic '
keite.n vel'lbrieft sind, die ooob. <den Vorschr!i.Hen des, Ur
steliLungsg.esetZes >auf DeutscheMark omgesteLlt WIQorden sir.
da11f del' Scl1uLdner die Zelta:bs<:hmttefUr die n:adl d'em :
Juni 1948,faHIg werdooden z,j'11lSZahlun:gen verlangern, we)
,der, NeMbetra'g der WertptaJpiere IfOnfzig Deutsche Ma"
niehl: OrbersVeigt.
,
,
, 2. r)ie VerUinger:tllI'llg listzulassig 'his 'zu jeweils fU'
Jahlren, ,bei Wertpapieren: dm Nennbetrag von fUnfzig Derv
sche Mark jedooh IlIUrbis zu jeweiWs emem Jahi:'. In jedc .
Fane sind dJie Zfnsen spMestens 'bet Fa L1igkelt dIer K>apit~
veIbindlidhkeit aus dem Wertpapier zu entrlchteIh
r
.) Ausgabe, a, S. 1
••) Ausgabe J. S. 21
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
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Paper
Dublin Core
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Title
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O'Connor, Ellen; List of Appendices for Policy Documents (Oct. 15, 1999) [3]
Creator
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
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Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-oconnor-ellen-list-of-appendices-for-policy-documents-oct-15-1999-3
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/1579b5878bbf71504806518be15c23b0.pdf
2cb276632a752e2b0daf78c0fdc96a55
PDF Text
Text
,
•
,
'
414
'~ .. Vi /)
~ (,A./l
.......'
-:-1_ _ rl U"'l~/' /
'I L(f";/
I T Vll.....(.A.At ,I \....- -1,,/.2$
,
MILITARY GOV:bRNMENT '
~ialism ~rmany
1
1
•
J~'CfJ
,
.
,
,j, .,'
inform~tio~. de~ign~d
APPENDICES
41S
objecti~es
posed b,y National
on
a?dfurtl:i:nhe assimihition of :!'
to advance the politiqd and cultural
the German people mto the, world commufilty of natlons. '
:' stated tn thiS directive.
,
23. Education,.'
,
'~
b ..You
arrange through the. Allied Control Council for the im.
a. In recognition. of the fact that evil consequences to all free men flow,
plementation of the decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of Foreign
from the suppression and"corruption of truth and that education is a pri- '
,~inisters on the free exchange of information and democratic ideas by
mary means of creating a democratic and peaceful Germany; .you will con- '
all media in all of Germany.,
:,
tinue to encourage and assist in the development of educational methods,
c. You will develop and majntain organizations and facilities for the:
operationof.media of inf6rmadon, including those sponsored by Military .
institutions, programs arid materials designed to further the creation of
Governm~nt, designed to further the objectives of your Government. ,', '
democratic attitudes and practices through education .. You will require
' 27. Reestablishment of International Cultural Relations _
the' German' Laender authorities to adopt and execute educational programs designed to develop a healthy, democr,atic educational system 'which'
. In furtherance of the program of the reorientation 'of the German people:
'and the revival of interp.ational,cultural relations, you will permit and as
will offer ,!!qual opportunity to all according to the,if qualifications~
.. " b. You will continue to effect the complete elimination of all Natio~al .
sist the travel into and out of Germany of persons useful for. this program
SOCialist, militaristic and aggressively nationalistic influences, practiCes and
' ,within' the availability of your facilities,. You will also permit' and assist~ ,
_teachings,f~om the Germaneducatic:>nal system.
, totheeXtent'of'yoqr facilities, the free flow of cultural. materials to and .
24. Religious 4nairs.'
'.
. ''. from Germany.
.
a. Youwill, in ,the Uhited States Area of OCcUp,ation; 'continue to as~ "
sure freedQm of religion. You. will assureprbfection~f religious activity
and support ,thes~ principles in, the deliberations of t~eControl C~\JnciL .
Appendix, C
b.You will give freedom to the Germans to deqde all questIOns con"
.
,Democratization of Germany
.cerning the ~n~tiuitio~~ the r~ligious activity and the amalgamation of
purely e.;clc;slastIcal bodies.
.\.
,
•
. .
'
.. '
A S,{ATEMENT OFPOLlCY:BY GENIj:RAL,
, c. Y.ou will c;ontinue to takesudiaction as maybe necessary to prevent
the revival of National SOCialist and militaristic activity.under the cloak,
.
JOSEPH McNARI-.m'Y
.ofa religious program or organization~
,
. . ,', '
25' Monuments, FifJe At'fS, and !lr,chives'
.
July 9, 1946
will
a: ;You will respect; and,' permit ,G~rm~n ~uthoriti~s' to protec~ ~nd '
In general it may be said that the Laender will be given complete power
pres:rve, the ~roperty of allcult,ural InS~ltutl.ons dedlcat,?d to rel.lglO~,
to govern themselves. '..• The only restrictions imposed upon them.
.char~ty, education, t~e arts. and SCle?CeS, histone monu!Dents and, histOriC
will be those resulting from:. ' ,
•
'
' . a) Th~ provisions ·0£ the ~!!rli~ Protocol and subsequent Four Power,
, archives, tog.eth.erwlth their collections and endowments. YOI,1 wIll 'apply ,
t?e same pnnclple' to all other ,pr.ope:ty ,of cultural, value, ~hethe: pub-."
'~greements which may be forthcoming fr:om furthe'r ministerial meetings.
lldy or pnvate owned,' c:xcept for IDstltutlons and mo;nt~ments specifically
b) ,Allied Control Counf:il Laws which are binding upon the; whole of ,
, Germany.
.
deyoted.to thepe:~et~~t,ion o£,~ational Socialism or.to the ,glorification
,.of the German mlht~flstlc tradition. , . "
"
':1, c)' Democratization and political decentralization, .
" .. d): It is considered' the German Government will be "d<;mocratized'" ,
. b. You are autho;lzed ~o make such use of German records and arc~lves
as may t>.e appropn~te. .
.
when the following conditiops exist:
26. PublIC I~for~atton : ' .
.
.
. '.
I) 'All political power is recognized as origi~ting with the people:
'~ . a. You Will, ~n ~he' Umted ,States Area ofOccupatron, su~ervlse, e~-.
and subject to their control.'
"
','
.courage and assist lD,the development by the Germans ,of medIa of publIc
.
2)' Those who exercise p!>litical power are· obligated to·obtai.n a man
,
I'
l'
"
�•
date by frequent reference of their programs and leadership to popular
dections.
'
3) Popular elections are conducted' under competitive conditions in
,which not less than two effectively competing political parties submit
their programs and candidates for popular review.
,
'
4) Political parties must be democratic in character and must be recog
nized as voluntary associations of citizens, clearly distinguished from
, rather than identified with the instrumentalities of government. ,
5) The basic rights of, the iqdividual including free speech, freedom
of religious preference, and the right of assembly, freedom of political
assoCiation and other equally basic' rights' of free men are recognized and
guaranteed.
,
.
6) Control of the instrumentalities of public opinion such as the radio
and press must be diffused and kept free from governmental domination.
7) The rule of law is recognized as the individual's greatest single
protection against a capricious and willful exercise of governmental power.
S) Essentially our policy' on political decentralization of government
b:
•
<MILITARy GOVERNMENT.
.
<
APPENDICES
Appendix D
MILiTARY GOVERNMENT CHANNELS
(eefor, Jo noort. 1946)
:1
1
I
XXIV Corpa
I
DEPUTY'
FOR MILITARy oOVERNMEml
ond Stoff (Hotl. Govt.)
~
"
r
tecll,nleol
ond,
llais Ion
I
PROVINCIAL (Groyp) ond
CITY ond COUNTRY (com ~
pon,) M. G. Tlom.
'_
A. ~ower is granted primarily to Laender, and only in specifically
enumerated and approved instances to a Federal Government.
, B. Powers of basic political implication are reserved to the Laender.
. Such adm,inistrative powers as may be necessary to insure economic unity
,
are allocated to the R e i c h . '
, C. All residual powers are re,served to the people except as the people"
may delegate them to the Laender.
D. A substa"ntial number of functions are delegated by the Laender
'to the Kreise and the Gemeinden. Those should include all such func
tions as may ,be effectively determined and administered by the com
munity.
,
~ ,
'
As these conditions are met the limitations on Laender Government
which are imposed by MilitaryGovernment Regulations will become less
stringent. With the definitioris of democracy and decentralization and
the recognition. of the need for economic unity which is contained in, the
Berlin ProtOCol; there can never be an effective compromise. These prin
must remain as limitations upon Laender activities from this time
forward.'
411
: ;.
::
MiLiTARY GOVERNMENT CHANNELS
CSIne, Jonu
If,
I 946 )
;~
•'
I
.=:::t
,'
USAMOIK HAll. GOVT~
i
o !Smlnlatrotl".
PROVfNCIALGO'n ' _
',~G. Group "(I, .... : -
-' 11IPPl, Gnd
- - - - _.- - - -
,liGI'On ellonn,I"
(oftl, )
ciples
CITY Il'I COUNTRY M."
companies
0 ..
t'GIII'
- -1"0. XXIV CORPS.
- -
-
.".".--..,..
i
1'11, lI",rGI
aetleol ulllta
=>
>!
�)
(ti S" S
<-.,.;. .', V
-=--"\.....-/ I
86th congress}
1st Session
..
~nc l'f-el eLl !..
I
.
)
le; !
C(
("
prJ2.L
0
I
f..
J /.
'-t
tV
COMMITTEE PRINT
/.
,,".)
...
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY,
1944-1959
,." ...
BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS ON
GERMANY, 1!)44:-1959, AND A CHRONOLOGY OF
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING
BERLIN', 1945-1956
.'
.J
MAY 8,1959
Printed for the .usc of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
lJNITf;n IlTATEfl
GOVERNMEN'r PRINTING OFFICE
lOlIl<J
1\".\i;f1IXGTO:-l : JOli9
�•
34
DOCUMENTS OX GF:RMANY, 1944-59
DOCUMEIITS ON GERMANY, 1944-59
repl'ese.lltati n>s 011 Iho COllil'ol COll\wj I '0 I'l~pOlt '() Ilwi!' (Jon'mllieuis
soon as po~!;ihle '.he extenl 10 whieh'slIch persolls 'laW. alrellcly
entered Ge11nllllY from Poland, Czechoslovakia alld Hungary, and to
submit fill estimate of the t.ime nnd rate nt. which further transfers
could be carried out. having I'egard to the pl'esent. sitll!lt.ioll ill
Germal!Y·
.
The Czechoslovak GoVel'lllllent, t.he Polish Pl'o\-isiollal GOH'rlllllent.
lind the Cont.I'ol Council in Hunga!'y are at the same time being iIl
fm'med of the I\.bove and m'eueing requested melluwhile to suspend
furt.her expUlsions pending lUI E'xam illatioll by the GoVel'lllllellts COll
cerned of the report. from I··heil· I'epl'esentatives on t·he Control
Council.
!l.S
'"
'"
XIX. DIRE,,'1'n't:s
.
'"
'"
'"
"0 MILlTAII¥ COlfJIL\Xm:Wi ON
CoUNCIL FOR 'GERlIfAN¥
•
'"
"\LLlIm
CONTUO!,
The Thi'ee qovernllWllts agreed that. eaeh would scnd a dil'oclivll to
its relJl'eselllative 011 t.ho Conlrol Council fOI' Germany informing
him of all dE'cisiolls of the Conference ,affect.ing matters within the
scope of ~is duties.
XX.
U~~: OF _\LLlt:l) PnOPEnTY FOl! SATF.U,ITE Ih;I'AIIATION;; on "'VAn
TnoPllIEs"
The' proposal (Annex Il) presented by tlw United Stales Delega-'
was ace-epled in principle by the ConferencE', but, t.he drafting of
an agreement 011 t.he. mat.ter was left. to he woj'k",d out t.hrough diplo
'.
.
matic channels,.
.
'"
'"
'"
.
-
•
•
•
ANNEX II
USE
OF A',UED PROPERTY Fon SATEI,LITE REPAUATIONS
"WAR TROl'lUFA<;".
on
. 1. The 'burden of rep!ll'ation and "war t.1·ophies" shcllIld not fall
on Allied nationals.
. . .
.
2. Oapital Equil)))Wnt. We ouject to the rellloval of sneh Allied
'property as reparations, "war trophies", or under any other guise.
Loss would accrue to Allied nationals as a result of destruction of
plants and the consequent loss of markets ~ll1d trading c.onnections.
Seizure of Allied proJ?erty makes impossible .the fulfillment by the
satellite of its obligatIOn under the armistice to. restore intact the
ri~ht.s and interests of the Allied Nations and their nationals.
fhe United States lool{s to the ot.her occupying powers for the return
of any equipment 'already removed and the cE'ssat.ioll of l'emovals,
Where such equipment will not or canllot be retul'lled, the U. S. will
demand 6f the satellite adequate, effective and prompt compensation
to American nationals, and that such compensation have priorit..}' equal
.
to that of t'le reparat.ions pnyment.
These prin~iples ~pply to all pl'operty' wholly or suustantial!y
. owned by Alhed natIOnals. In the event of removals of property In
35
which the :\lIleriean ltS well as t.he entire A 11 ied interest. is les.'! than
substantial, the U. S. expects adequate, effective .. and prompt com
pensation.
.
.
.
3. Ourrent Production. While the. U. S. does not oppose reparation
out. of current production of Allied investments, the satelhte must
prO\'i~e imme,d1ate imd !l-dequate compensation to the Allied nationals
mcludmg suffIment. fm'8lgn exchange orJ)roducts·so that they can 1'8
cover reasonable foreign currency expen itnres and trnnsfer a. l'eason-
able return on their investment. Such compensation must also have
equal priority with ~parntions..
..
.
We deem It essential that the satellites not conclude tl'eatles, agree
ments or arrangements which deny to Allied nIltionals access, on equal
t.arms, to their trade, raw m,nt.erials aild industry, and appropriately
modify any existing arrangements which may' have that effect.
Stuttgart Address by S,ecretary of State Byrnes, September 6.
.
mal
.
HBSl'ATKI\IENT OF U,S. POLiCY ON GERMANY
I haveoome to Germany to learn at tirst haud t.he problems involved
ill the reconstrlwtion of Gp\,lIIallY and to discuss·with our representa
tives t.he vie\YS'of the United States Government as to some of the
.
..
.
.
problems confronting us.
We in the United Stat.es h:tyt~ given considcrable time and a.ttention.
to these problems because upon their proper solutiori will depend not
only the future well-being of Germany but the future well-being of
Europe.
We huve learned, Whether we like it or not, that we Ih'e ill one world,
from which world we cannot isolate ourselves. 'Ve ha\'e learned that
.peace and well~being are indivisible and that our pea~ and well-being
cannot be pllI'chased at the price oft.he peace or the well-being of any
'.
. .
other country.
I hope that t.he German people will never again make th~ mistake of
believing that because the American people are peaco-lovingthey will
sitbacl~ hopilll7 f~r peace if Ilny nat.ion IIses force or thet-hrell!. of f~I'ce .
. .'
to acqull'e dommlol} over other peoples and <?t.her governments.
In 1917 the Umted States ",us forced mto the first World WIll',
, After that, Wfir we refused to join the League of Natiolis; We thOlight
we could stay out of Em'ope's wars, and we lost interest in the affairs
of Europe. That did nol; keep us from being forced into a second
\yorld ·wl\.r.·
..
.
We. will not again make that mistake. ",Ve intend to continue our
interest in the nthirs of Em'ope alldof the \\'01'111. We have helped
t.o organize the United Nations. We believe it will stop aggressor na
tions from starting wars. Because we believe it, we intend to support
the Unite!i Nations organization with all the power and resources \ve
possess.
.
The American p£lople WlIllt pen('e. They have long sinee (!eased
to talk of I\. hard or a soft peace. for Germany. This never has been
1 fJermanl/, 1917-19H: The 810)'1/
111M). PI), 3-8.
hI /)Qcllm.~t.
(l)"pnrtment of State puhU... Uon 3M6:
�36
•
DOCUME1\TS 00: GEHMA1\Y,
! 9~ -1-59
]l('al'(',
DOCUMENTS ON U1mMANY,
,,'p,,wi II oppose
peace, ,
should be disarmed and
!lOW('I'S ~hollid
'kept disarmed
und enforce.
. ..... ~, "'~''''''
Frcedoll! fO!' lllililarj,,1ll will g-i,c I lip,
nit.y. if t,hey will but seize' il. io"
t.ics t () 't.hc \\'(jrks 0 r I)()ace,
thcmseh'es W(ll't!,,· of i Ito
lIat.iolls, and.ill iii;'l', io take all
of Ill(' United Nations"
.
GCl'llli\ll
,
Ii, is lIot.·ill thein/p,!,(',;,;!" of !Iw (jerllHlIl people'or ill Ihc ill(('I'Pst of
worldpeaec that Gcrmany should become a, pll WB or n part.ner in It
military st!'uggle fOI' power Ix·tweell East. <\lId thc ,,'cst.,'
Gerililln miliiari~m amI Nazism hUYe deY:ts!alrd twice in 0111' genera
!.ion the Iands of Ge'!'lllany's neighbol's" It is fail' nnu just (hat
Germany should do herpurt to:repair.!hat dcyustation, Moslof the
' ,irtims' of Nazi a(w:n,ssioll wc.rc before 't.he \\"ar le~ welJolI than
GCI'I11:IIlY,
They silrJtlld 1I0t. b_C' :expected by (,el'm:my'!o heal', Ull
uided, the major costs of Nazi,
'
'rhe United Stnl('~,
III
I"
Ho wm'Q
of ind tistn agreed
'
mUlly is, not
be
A <rl'eCIIlCll t.
,OIJViously, higher levcls of
:-eparat.iol~s frOlll cUlTent jJr~hlC11011 were
mdush-y hxed :ll'e olily ,sulhclent 10 cna!>le the
e01ll1.l sel f-supporting uncI t,o lI1ailll:ai1\ living stundards
theuveragc Elll'opean living conditions,
,
That. princinle involves scrious hru'dships
t.he
to
"rhe basis of the
of d(:lllilitariz:lt iOIl allt!
bo reduced bv eliminalion niHI
and I he redllet.ion :lli~ll'elllont1 of
teniplatedlhis !;hould bo clonc to
wit.h le,\'pls of il1dll
E lll'O pe:llll i "j IIg sl
The planls so to be I'emol'cd :were (.0 be delivered as reparations to
t,he A 11 iI'S, The plallts .10 he ],(\Illo"cd fnml, the Soviet, zone ,,'ould go to
the Sm'iC'!. Union and Polanil,and the plants to hc removed froll! t,IH~
weskrn zoncs would go in part, lo the SOI'iel, Ui1io,n hilt, inthe main to
t.he "'e.'ltem Allies, Proyisioll was also made fol' t.he dist.ribut.ion of
Ge,1'I1lany's forr.ign asseis among t.he Allies,
Aflcr,collsic1Cl:ahle discussion t.][(', AlJi(,s agrecd I1pon I(wels to which
the principal German industries shoilid be l'erliH;ed in ol'del' 1.0 CatTY
ont, t.he PotSd:lll1 AgreeJIH'nt. These 1(~\'(',ls \\'m:(~ ag-rcr.d 10 upon til(:
aSSlIlliptioll t.hat i he indigcnolls rcsolI,l'c(>s of Genll:lny' ,,"em' io be,
lwnilable for di!'(rib·ut.ion .011 an equitable basis for all of I,he Gm'll1:ll1s
in Germany :Ind thai pl'odUds 1'J(lt'IH~l'('ssar'y fOl'llse ill·G(mllany would
be aV:lilable for ('x pori. ill order 1.0 pay for llecl'ssal'y imports,
In fixing the 1('\"('ls of indusll'." ilO allowHllce was Illade fOl' rcil:l1'a
l,iollS from ('l1r1'el1t, production: I~eJla l'aliOlls fl:Olll l'-IlITPlll, production
\\"ol1ld 1)(', ',\'holly incompatihle \\·ith t.hc 11'\'(\1" of intlll"! J'\' no\\" es!ah.
lished under the Potsclam)\grcelllcnt..
37
1941-;,H
fOI'
the German peopln,
biltjt only l'eq{lil'cs them (0 share the hardships \dlich Nazi aggression
dOll the H Y()l'age EUl'Opean,
,
German people were 'not denied, however, t.he, possibility of
theil' lot by hanl \\'ork 01'(\1' 1.11(\, years; ] lid lis! rial growth
wen' 1I0t, dellied t.helli, Being obliged 10 slart ng;iin liko
of otlw!" devastated eoullt ries, with a
nOI. able, !o pl'ol'ide t hell] 'lIlore tha II the
ihe GI',l"Ill:t1l peolfle wcn',llot 10 b(" dl!lIi()d ilH~ right. IOIlS() st"reh
a,s tile}, lIlight: he :i\lle 10 ae.cullIlllule by hard \\'or]{ lluLl
build up their industries fOl' peaceful purposes,
Tha.l. was Ihe pI'illcip\e of repllrat.ioll 10 whidl l'['(;sidenl Trulllan.
agreed al Potsdam, And the Ulliled St<Hes,wilillot. agree to the tak
ing hOlll Oel'lllauy of greatei' l'cparal ions than \\"lis provided by tho
Potsdam Agreeillent.
'
'rhe c:IIT)'ing f)liI. of thc l'olsd:tlll
oilstrudedby the failurc of the "\lJied
s 1:0 ellal>l". t.1t!', flnl"lIl:tn
. Essen(ial cellir:tI flel'lll:ln
Jml'e not heen cst abl ished, a Hho11gh they
the Potscla lIi .
,
The
of essentiulcollimodit:ips IwtWCCli' the
!;CYCl'H I zones ~o as t.o
a halallepd ec:oIlOJllY, I
1ll1l.llY ,nnd I'ed 11ce. the lIeed fot' imporls has
althollgh that 100 is
, the
TI,c,\\'ol'killg: Ollt of a ua
proyidc t.he nUC()SS<ll',1' llleans
bO(',n
'
,,' of.the belief thaL GCl'lIl!lIlY should lw
ecollolllie ullil. a1l(1 thai zOIl:t1 barrirl's should he'
completely ooJiim':dcd so far:ls Ihe ()COII~lliic, life alld adil'ily ill GCl"
adlllillisiercd as
llli
for
sCales,
,
Lillie has' eOIIl() when t.hc %Ol'ud boundaries should he l'cQ'anletl
:t;; \lCiJlliJig only the lIn'a;;(o be occupied rO!, sceurit.y purposes 'by the
Hl'Il1ed fOI'ces of I he occupying powcrs and ,!lot, as self-containcd cco
political units.
Was til('. '<:Olll'Sl' oj'
01'
and that is til(', ('ollrs(\
401IJ!1.--;,~1:-_·l
tll(~ Potsdam
(lie .'\llIel'i(,<lII.
�38
•
DOCUillENT" 01'. m:R;lIANY.
DOCt;J\lENT:'; ON GERMANY, 1944-5!)
19H-;;\)
(lOH'I"III11!'lIt illtenri" 10 follow to the fnll limit of its
has formully HnllOlHleed thnt. it is its int('llt ion to unify till'
of its own wile with ailY 01' 1111 of the othm' Will'S willill!! to
pllte in t.he tlllifientioll, ..
.
,
So fal' on!y t he British nOn~l'IIlllellt. has agreed to let. its zOlle pal'
ticipnte, "'€I d('eply appreciate t.heir coopemtioll, Of course, this
policy of ll!lificat.iOIl is 110t. intellded to exclude the ~OVel'lllllents not
now willing: to join, The i1nifieat.iOIl will be open /ot.iJem al, anytime
t.hey wish to ,join.
'Ye !avO!' the ·cconomic. llllificntioll of Gm'mallY, If complete uni·
'ficatioll canllOt. be seemed, \H) shall 'do everythillg ill our power t.o
secure t.he IlIl1xilllUIll possible unificat.ion,
J1I1portallt. as .t.he ('!'ollolilic 1111 i fietltioll is for t.he reeovel'Y 0 r (hn-
lIlallY ant! of Ell rope. Ill(' Oerlll:m 11I'opln 11II1.~t I'e('<iglli:m Ihat. tIll'
basic CallSI'. of t.heir suffering awl distress is the wai' which t.lIe Nazi
dict:ltorship brought upon the world,. .'
.
But just becanse slitl'eJ-illg and distress in Germany are inevitable,
. the AmcI'iean .OOYCrIIIllClll is illlwilling to :weept respollsihilit,y for
t.he needless nggra.\·atioll of econolllic distress that is caused by the
failu!'!? of Ihe Allied Cunl·l'ol Coullcil to agree to gi\'e t.he German
people a clwnee to solve sOllie of their most. l\l'gellL economic j)l'oble,llols.
So far as mnny vital qliestions nre concerned,. t.he Control Council
'is lH~ither gonwlllllg G(,I'IlI:lIlY 1I0!' allowing: Germ:lIlY to gov('ru itself.
:\.coll1ll1on financial poliey is l'ss('.lIt.ial fOl' the successful rehabilita
tion of Germany, RUllaway inflation accompanied oy economic.
is almost. cerlaill 10 develop llllless there is l\..conU1l011 finan
directed to the cont.rol of infiation, A program of drastic
t.o re(hw" (,IIITI'II".,y a illl 1lI0n()/:lry ('.Iaillls, to I'(wise tho
d('ht. .stl'llc.!ure, alit! to plaet' Gel'llla.uy on :lsound finillleia I has is is
urgent,])' required,.
The I; II i rl'd Sin t('~ ha;; \\(1I'1"'d h:ll'd
s\lcll a pl'ogTalU.
bllt. fully coordinated llI('aSlll'(,S 'lllllst. be
and applipd ulli
forIIII" to all ZOneR if ruillous inflatioll is to· he
A ,'('ntl':l1
:li!('.IlC\· of fin:lll('('is ol)\'iollsl\' 1l('C(,SSHn' foc'alT\' onto allY sueh pl'O
gralll ~trecti\'('ly.
.
,.
.'
. '
It. is also (>ssPlltial t.hat. tI':Illspol'tatioll, ('Olllllllllli,'atiolls. alld
sen-i('(>s ~llOllld h(' ol'!!:lllizl'd thmll!!llOlIt. O ..TIll:lII\,· wit.hout I'('!l'anl
to 7,011:11 hal'riel's.. 'I'hl' llatioll-\l<idi, ol'g:<lniilat iOI; ·.of tll('s(' p;lblic
s(>f.\'jc('s \\':lS ('on IPII!111a ted by t he Pot sdalll ,\gl'()('IlJeIlL . Tw('h'p Illont hs
Ita\·\'. passe(1 and not l\1Ig: itas bCPII dOliI',
Gel'JlIany needs al\ t.hp foml "he (':III prolln('('. Befol'e< IIll' wal' sh!'
could not' ]11'0<11\('(' (,1I01lgit foot! for hl'l' poplllal:ioll, TIll' 'In~a of
Gel'lItallj' has been n,dlH'("1. The pOl'lIlaholl ill Silps!:I, for instant(',
has lm(~11 fO!T(~t! 1':1<·1; inlo a n~stl'idpd (;nl'lll:lIlY. .\nllies of on'lI
alld displac('d PI'I'S!JIIS ilH'n'ase dplll<llIds w'hil,~'lhl' l" ..k of faml
llIachi\l(~ry alld 'f!'!'1 iliZI~r n'dll"('s !iliPl'lil''';, 'I'll ~(,<'I\I'l' the
possibh~ )1 rod lid iOIlof food alit! lIil' 1110St l'f1'<'!'li\'(, lI~l' :Iud dist
of the food that (':111 h(' prod1lccd, a ('('Iltral l\dlllilli~trat.iYe depart
mellt. for ag:ri"\lIIIlI'('. "I 1011 Id 1)(' SI't IIJl :111(1 :1110\\'1'<1 10 i'm,H:tioll withollt
""!I
ll'aI (:1(,1','
thel'e isu!'!!e!l/. II('pd for thp settilll! lip ,.1' :I
ruthe ag('I)(''y for industry and foreigll trael!', 'Vhil('
nlllS!. be· prepared to shure het, coal 1I11d steel wiHI t.he
of
39
depeiHlcnt UpOIl Iho;;(' slIppl iI'S, GCI'
to lise hel' skills alld hel' eller:;ries to increase
iOIl :lilt! to OI'g::llIi,((' I hi! most eJledi\'e lise of
hel'
her 1':i \Y
.
Gel'mallY lllllst be given :I dWIH:e to f'Xpol'! goods ill onl('\' to illlport.
ellOlIgh to.l1Jake her ecollolllY scI f-sustaill i III.!;, . (;('1'111:111), is :I part, of
glll'ope, and recovery ill 1';l\l'()pe, illld Illlrtieillal'iy i]J. the· stales ad
:I'llI:lIlJ, will be slow illt!,~e!l jf O"!'lIIallY with 1\('1'
l'esoul'('CS of il'Ol1 :llld (~oal is I Il I'll ed into:t poorhouse,
'1'hell t.he l'llthless N:fzi dictatorship VI'US forced to sllI'l'cnder lin
.. there \\'as 110 Germall gO\'el'llI11cnt wit II "'hieh thp Allies_
<:0111<1 111'.:11. TIlt'- J\ Ilies had lelllpor:u'ily to talm ovel' the l'espo11si
hilities of·l.he shat,t(\l'ed(;el'lll:lll sta/(', ",hieh t.he Nazi dietntol'ship
h:l<l ('ut. ol\' (l'Om allY gCllllinc accouutability to t.he German people,
The AlIi!'s eOllhlllOt, It;ave I.I!.e leaders ·or minions' of Na7,i'sm in· kei
'positiolls I'cadi' to reaSRert tllei!- evil influencent the first. opport.unity.
They had to go,
.
.,
But. it IlCVel' was t.he illtentioll of t.IIC,\ lIIeric:tn GoVel'lllllellt. to den,r.
to the O(,I'Ill<lI1 people the right to '111 a Ilage t hei r own internal a frail'S as
. SOOIl as t.hey VI'ere able to tIo so in a del11ocl'at.ic way wit.h genuine \'e
sped. fol' human rights and fundamental freedollls, .
.
The Potsdalll ·A/II'I~ell1Emt., conellldNI only a fe\\' lIlollt<hs aftel' til(':
slIlTI'JI(lm', bOlm.! trl!l OCI:llpyillg' powers to'restol'e local self-govcl'n
li1ellt alld to. int.roduce'electlve allCI representative prin('iples,illto the
pi'<H'inci al; lind stat c adllli 11 ist I':It iOIl a" m pidly as \\'as COIl
wit II militnl'v security Hnd the pmposes of' t.he
of thn 1II iIi 1:11',\' o('<'"l'a (ioll \\'('!'I\ a lit! a n~ to
(;Cl'many hili not: /ol':tise artifi(,ial harriers
to resullle their peacet.ime eeollomie
for the sulfer'in:! they
a 0<1 i nrlustl'i a I d iswas to be l'al'ried out.
1I0t, eOlltcmplntc :l prololl~ed
.
. 01' a .l'!'()lol\~ml
life. ·The Pots
Ill! pO\n~l's to ·st:!d. hllild
np,
provide tilut there shollld Ilevei'be
; it lll('.l'ely provided that fOl' t!ln time
tlw!'!\ should he lIO central nerlllllfl 1.!;()\,{~I'IIIII(,IIt. CI'I·taillly tltis
,,"I v \lIpall I· thai< 110 ('ellt nIl Q'O\'('1'1l11H'"t. should he pstahlislwd IInt<i I some
SOI+ or dl:l\IUt'l'lICY was 1'O,~ied ill t.he soil of GemmllY alld SO II 1(\ sense
of 10(':1 I rrspollsiliility dC\·cloped,
'
The I'olsdalll ,\/!l'eCIll(!lIt wi;;P1y prm'ided thnl. adminislralion of
t.he all'a.il'S OrOCl'lll:lnv should be directed toward deecl1t.mlizlilion of
thc polit.ical st.l'ue/.ill'c and t.h(~ developlllellf of lot'nI. r('s]lollsibilit.y.
This\\'as not. illtent\pd to prevent. PI'O/!I'('SS toward n (,(,lItr:l1 /!O\'Cl'lI
\Ill'.'!!. ",ith t.he powers necessary t.o deal wit.h matteI'S whi .. h wOllld he
cleaIt. \,it.h on n nnt.ioll-wide hasis, Hilt. it. \\':is intendc<1 to
the ('!;tahlisIIlJH'nt. of :t sll'O!l/! c('IIt.ral g;ovCl'llIl1cnt,
Ol:'!1I1!ln people instead of being I'espollsibie to their delllocl'iltie
�40
, It is
<I
•
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY, 1944-:-59
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY, 1944-59
th~
· Subject to the. reserved authority of the AIlied'Conti'ol Cou;lCil, the
German National Council should be· responsible .for the proper func
tioning of the. central administrative agencies. Those agencies should
have'adeqllate power to assur~ the administmtionof Germany as an
economic unit,"as was contemplated.by the Potsdam Agreement.
The German Nat.ional Council should also be charged :witli the
I)reparnt.ioll of It rlraftof It federal const.it.ution for GerIllItilY ,yhieh;
, ,amoll~, other· thiIlgs, should insure· the democratic charact~r of the
new uermany and the human rights aridfundameptal freedoms of
!tIl its inlmbitants.
..'
After npprovalin ptincipiehy' tlie Allied" Control Council, the
, pi'oposed collstitutiollshould be ~ubmitted to an elected convention for
filial dmfl;ing mjrl.t,hen subinitted,to the GeMllall people for ratifica
t.ion.
. , .,
,
'.
..'
.
..
· Wllile we shall insist. that GermailY observe the,pnriciples"of peace,
aood-neighborIiness, and humanity, we do not want Germany. to
, ~collle the satellite of any power or powers or to live under ,a dic
tat.m'shif.' foreign ?r domestic. The" Americitn .pe?ple hope to ~ee ..
'peacefu , rlemocrat.lc:..Gernmns, become, and remain' free .and m
-,dependent. " .
.
.
." ' , .
Austria luis alre'ady been. recognized as.I~free and independent'
country. Her temporaryalld.-forced·ullion with Germany was lIOt Ii
happy event for either cOunt·I'Y, ltnd the United States is convinced
that itis in the interest· of both coun(ries Iwd the peace of Europe
they should pursue th(}ir separate way§>. "
'.'
.' .'
Pot~daJn specific areaS which were part of Germany were pro
visionally aSsigned to the Soviet Union and: to 'Poland, subject to
tho finriJ decisions of the PeaCe"Coriference. At, that time these areas
wero beillg held by thll Sodet Imrl Polish. armies. We. were' t.old
J:hnt; GllrllUl:llS in litrt,Y11 lIumliers ~\'ere. fleeing from j h(ise areas and that
it would i tibet, booltuse of the feelinf,'S aroused' by the war, be ditTicult
to.reorgflllize the economic life of these area:; if they were not adl,nin
isteI~das integral parts in the.olle ea:::e of the·Soviet. Union and in
other ease of Poland. . "
'
.' .
· The he:ids of gqverlllilellf'agreed t.o snpport"ltt. the. peace Settlement
the proposlll of the So\'iet.Govern~nellt·colJcerning the ultimate trnns+ '\
· fer to the,Soviei Union of t.h\'} r.ity of Konigsberg and the area ad
jacent. t,o it.. Unless'the SOI'iet Government chn,nges its views on the
subject. we will certiiinlyst.and byour agreement. "
.
· ,Vith 'regard. to SilE'};ia and other eastern German areas, the assign
ment of this territory to .P61and 'by Russia for administrative pur
'po~s had taken plaee before the Potsdam meeting. The heads of
·.government -agreed that, pending the final determination of Poland's
· Wf'.st,eTn fr.ollt.ler,Silesiaalld other eastern German areas should be
· under the'iidniinistration of the Polish ·state and forsllch purposes
should not be considered as a part of Jhe Soviet zonll of occupation
'- in Germany. However, as the Protocol 0,£ the Potsdam Conference
. . makes clear, the heads of government diclnot agree to support ttt, the
-pIllU;:O settleinent the ce-ssioll pf t.h is partillld!!r area."
. . .", .
The SOl'iet~ and the Poles suffered greatly at the hand~ of Hitler's
· invadilig' arliiies. As II. resu It of the agreement at Yalta, Poland ceded
to. the Soviet Union territory east of the Curzon -Line. Becau'se of
this, Poland as\{ed >for revision of hel' northern and western f~ontiers.
view of the American Government that the German people.
throu~hout Germany"y,nder proper saf.eguards; ~hould now. be given
tbe prImary responsIbIlity for the runnmg of their own affalrs.
..'
More than a 'year has passed since hostilities ceased.' The millions
.of German peoplesho~ld not be. forr,ed to live in doubt a.st.o their fate;
It is the view of the American Government that the 'Allies should,
without delay,' make cl~r.to t.he' German people the essential terms
· of the peace settle.ll)ent wl}idlthey e,xpect t~e German people to accept
and observe.. It IS our VieW that the German people should now be
permitted and helped to make the necessarypreplimtions fo'r setting
up of a democratic German' government which' cari accept and observe
these terms.
'.
.
'.
.:
,From now on the thoughtful people of the \yoJ.)chvill judge Allied'
action in Germany not by Allied promises but by Allied performances., .
The American Government has'supp()rted andwill continue to support
the necessary measures to de-N azify and demilitarize GermailY, but it
does not beheve, that large armies of foreign soldiers oraliimbilreau
crats, however well motivated and disciplined, are. in the long run the,
most reliable guardians of another country's demOcracy. .
· All that the AIPe~ governments can and should do is t;o lay do~vn
the rules under, whIch German -democracy can govern' Itself. 'I he·
Allied occupation forces should be limited to lhe number sufficierit to
see thafthose rules are obe:yed:,
. .....
. ','
. .
But of course the questIOn for us WIll be: "Vhat force IS needed to>
make certain t.hat Gerlllany does llotrenrm as it did· aftcr the first.
World Wad Our prop083J·for a treaty with the. major powers to
enforce for 25 or even 40 years tllEl,demilitarizati()n plan firially agreed
upon ill the peace. settlement .would have made possible a ,smltIler
arm of occupation. For e1Iforcement.we:eoulrl rely more upon !t·fol'ce
'of trained inspectors and less upon infantry. . . '
. For instance, if all alltomQbile factory, in violatiOlJ" of the'tl'eaty,
· cou'verted itsmachillery~ the production .of weapons of war, in
spectorswould report" it. to tlu;' Allied Control Council: 'They would
call upon the·Gerinftn.Go,·el'nment.to stop the prodUction and pl\nish
t.he offender. If the German Government failed to comply then the
· Allied natioils would take st.(}PS to enforce cOlllpli!mceby:the German'
GovernmelJ/.: " Uufortunately Ojlr.
to
. . . proposaUor a treaty was not ,/lgreed ,
41
.!
.,,
Security forces will J)l'obablj imve to 11:.nHI·in in Gei:mal1:V for a loiig
. period. kwant 110 11lIsunderstanding.. }Ve ,will not shirk ollr duty.
We are not withdrawing. We M'e stayi)lg here. As long as there.is'
an occupation army in Gerlllan:;~; AmericHlI armed forces, will be
of that occupation army.
. .
. ..
,
The United States favors the early establishment of aprovisional
GermaI! government for Germany. ' Progress has been made in the .',
American zone in developing local and stat.eself-government in GeI'- '
many, and tho American Government believes similar progress is pos,.
sible in all zones.
"
" .'
.'
,
"
It is 'the view of the AlTlerlcan Govel;ilment that .the 'provisional .
goYel'lllllent shoultl not. be handpicked by other governments. It
shollld he !I GerlllalJ lIationalequllcil composerhlf the democratically
. i'espolIl'ihle lIIinistm: .presidents oi' othe.j·chief olTicials of ,the' sevcral
st:ttes or provinces which ha I'e been establishecl.in each of the four
zones. .
.
.
-.
�42
•
~
DOCUlIIEK],S OK ,UEHlIIAN'!,
1 iH ,I-(ill
DOCUMENTS 0'\
The linited Slates \l'ill Slipport a n'I'i"ioll or th('~('frollji('l''' ill 1'01:11"1',;
fn,\'or. lIllII'eVet'. the 'eXlcllt or (he Ht'l':l to be l'P\led to Poland Illll~t, hI'
delE'J'lllilled ,,'hel;tll(' rilla I :iC(.{ lement is agr('etl IIpon,
The tillit('r\ Stat('s do('s Ilot, feel that it, call dellY to FI':l'\(:(~, 11'11 i{'h
Ill'S been in\";lded thr!'e tilll('s by GemJallS' ill 70 year", its dailll tv (I!!,
Saa r territory, II'hose, C\:OIlOlIIY ha~ 10111£ been c!o:-:ely Ii Il ked \\' illl
France, Of course, if til(>, Saar h~lTit.o1''y is illiegrated with F'r'nllee slIP
~llOllld readiust he'" I\'pal'at,ioll daillls a!-!:aill~1. Gel'llwll:Y.
Iiereilldil':lf<\II. tlie Ullited Stales will not, S!lPIHll'l..
Il'hidl is illdispllhlbly UenllHll 01'
is lIol ge,llllillelv.desired
"OIlCel'lll'(1. So rar as 111(' lillirl'd !-i'fatl's i" :';II':ln', til!'
Hllhr :llld I lil', Hl1ill('\:tlld l/Psil'!' 1\1 n'lIlaili IIlIited II'it,1l the rest of
,
,\I](\lhl' {;l1ill~d :41 alp,; is lIol ,!!oinu' 10 oppose their' de"in',
"'hill' the pl'ople 01' III(' Hlilll' II'en' IIt(', 1:,,'1,10 SlllTllllIh 10 Na:t.i;;lIl,
\\'it-bollt-I,IH' l'e~(lIll'('l'S or I II!' IIllltr N:I"i,~IlI'('ollld I(('rer ha I'e tlil'o:ltl'IH'd
I,he world, Nc,\'e\' a:,rain lI11l;;r I ho,;(', n'S(lll'I'l'eS be used 1'01' deslrud il'(,
plll'!)oses. They 1ll1lSt.lw IIsrl\ Jo I'P\llliid a free, PY:leei'1I1 UPlmall:' alld
II free, pearcfll t Europe,
"
The {'nit"d Slal,~s Il'ill 1':11'01' :"!\l'1t ('(>Ii1)'O! (\I'(~T' tile Ilhok, of (;('1'_
i.l1l' HuhI' :Illd (Ill' Hhill('lalld.:ls 111:1\' hn lH'C'(,>":o:tn--j'o],
pll]'pO"I'~, II Ilill,lwlp to l'Ili'tJl'l:e Ih;),'!\, collimls. ,1:ul if lI'ill
not £a\'01' any ('ont.rols thnt, wOllld silujecl. the Hllhl' Hilri (he Hhinel:lnd
to (JOlitic:il tllllnillalJOllOI' 1II:IIIij,)lilnli'JIl ofolll~ide
an'
hi"
11':11',
IlOIl"
r"l'lill<T !-II('
IIlilli(lll.~ ill~
(! 11'\!1'1 S
Report by S('(:n"ia/'lf of State Marshall on lhe Pourlh Session of
lhe COllllcil of Ji'oreign Mil/isle/'s, April 28, 1947 '
('()\':\(' I L OF FOHEICL\ ;\1 L\ ISTEH~
T
Olhi"r
fon'..,.: or 1IIIlII:lllii I' II'hi;,1t itad 10 li!'!'hL I,itl;il'
1'(' Ill(' 1'.'!Jdd lite 11;;1)(' 01' fn'p(h;lll :lIlli' pea!'!',
wh" foII !,!'11I,
fl'l'pd"lll II:ln, 110 d,,~in'. 10
,)j", TIi,~' fn'l'dolll ,\lIleI'I":llls'\teli!'i'p ill :lIld
1'01 i~:t fn'pd;)lil''''ili('il ill 11;;1, il(1 sh;il'c<\ with all willing I'll n'"
SPI'('t, diP 1'1'('('.10111 oj' hi 1t('1',~,
Tllis (\HII'''I'''II<'(', d(':l11 \\'ilb 11"','1'1'1'1"1'11'11
d,,:tll "'illt I Ill:, \ it;d
we'an' ,~II'Il~'~,dillg, II
'lll:tlll' nlld ,\Il,;ll'i:lc.. ,:t1l
I'PIIII'IH!d to (;('.\'111:111,1" 1'1:1,;1 i"a
II!!, I 'II ii l'd St:ti,'s, \V" :11'(' 1:lkill!,!'
io I'\':lll'li (;PI'IIl:111 I'l'iSOIII'"'' of 'Ii':i I' il'l 0111' l'IIBlorh' ill'
ill
'ttlte \\'odd,
The FII i It'd ::';1 :Ii(''; '::1111",1 1',,1 if'''\' (
11('1'
h\'
till' 11':11' 11l'1' h':ld('l's ;:ia
tho:,\, hit
:/1'1':1
"I' I:ll'!,!'\',
:Illd
okillo,
!'esol'II'l'l'''' :111.1 illdllsll'i:t\ pl:lIlI,.:,:I'1\ ;u",a I;'hid)
lilll,,;; "I'(lligitl, Iht' world In Ih.. hrilt!, '.If di;;:I~i\,I',
III t,itl)
I\I'!!'oli:lliol\,'i nil litl' disagl'('('lll{'I1IS \yhi,'II W(,I'(! so \'I'i,klll
"";li'I'l't'It;'{':, l'l'i!Ilnlillg' iil'\!, It:lliall ;tlld Ill\lk:tllln'llli{~:;U\lIIl" il1l.o
:lild ""llI:iiIH'd ill 1'/1''';:1 II il!'ol n'd,
I'ri''''';!\I;: Il'hidl ''''ill' din'rll\' ,;11 Ihl'
lI()'LIIt,<li,~p,,~{'d () f 1;.1' g-('IH.'I':d 'I :llk'o\'
(:oill ":1 i It'd ., 1"'!'11
>11:':1 hSII':ll'1 jo I 1:''',
1'01' IIt'!illil,' nlld ,,:;11'1'111(,1\' ,'olll1lli,·:lII.<I
('''l'II:'
ie"
'issuI'~
or 11111' "i"ili)::l1 iOll ('all
rOl'lIlul:ll'
what, Lill
I'!' l'Oll(' 1'('1 "'SOIIlI if)lIs
\l'hich
WI'"
('''II;;jd\~i'(,rI
dEinil'lltn
ell(;ol:lhl(',
'TIH'I'I', ,,':1'; :I 1'(':1;;011:11>1"
~ I 0;;1.'0 1\' :t
Iwl'
OUI'
,
ri,,'
Thl! I'll ilpd ."'http" 11:1:'
II lIdl'I',ct;lll!I:ti,lt, 111(' flilldalll(,llial
)(" ,\In-;,:()\\' ( 'Oil f('rl'II('(~ of Fon,igll,
11:11111'(' of 111(' 1-;"llI''';
,\ I i II i;;1 ('I'S,
"" ... """,1
of 11':11' Ihal 1I'{'l'('
4:3
() f I It"
to the jl('oph;'of( ;('I'I!l;!lIY,
TII\\ (;(,I'lilall Iil'l)l' 1(', !l1I1"i I'l':tlizl! Ihat, ii, ';1':1" Ilill!'1' alld
11'110 I 01'111 I'\,d :llId (',,,rei'lnlll:l!!''' 11111(1"''.,111 111('11., IHUII('II. alld
alld ;:'lIl~':lil, "'irlt (i"l'lIl:11I !'Ill!': ill </"Illi 1\'" II' :wd d('~~
w::~ Ill('.' 1I1:1.~~"'/
(rElnIANY, ,I \).1 ,I-f,\)
,\"
lllOl'(''',lIITl'lIl,(l".rill:ln'
I'l'l'i in', rol' I Ill' gil
() rllt'
IIP.\' 1'011
rl'I';;l1n',
11 ;i,~lah'IIH'l\r STWit:lS fhif', il is IIf!I'!,l'il"1 i.. :i1,Il' 10 di,.('II,cs tlH~ 1l11I1lIH"
()11~ i~'illt,~ Idli"it"(lIllillll!'d ill di!-<:I!,!T('l'IIll'III;1i 1/11'( '''Il,r''I'('III'(', 1II\'ili
:'11 IIi" .. , J litillk. I" ,,:tli :l111'lliioll 10 ill" .1'1111<1:11111'111:11 l'rq l,It'III;; 11'110,';1'
S01111ill11 \\'1)111<1 "rob,,"I." karl 10 tilt' qlli<:k adjIlSiI\\('1I1 (II' lll:llly olher
tli 11'1'1'(,11('(",
('''!II
1I10re ('Oll I I~
ulililips,
":Iill'll:l,]", :llld for
1'0;11 for ,\ Ili('<I (,Ollllll'i('s (::lIIll1Jt Ill',
milil's, IlIilll' 1IIa"ltilll'l'I', r:lij'
""I'
I'o'id
I'''II11lllllli,';11 i"l1~ alld
i!''' :In' l'1'hnltililnktl,
Thf> FHunlt S;-~}:i"l1 of 11]1> (:Olr1l1'i\
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:\fll~wn\\' f(o'm .\rnreh
�~~
,
171
~LAnu...US·~.
. ,
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIVIL AND MILITARY GOVERNMENT
l ~ 1+tnJ WttJJJJ.Ui
Z;~ "Seprz;o J ~~h
Atter the three state governments were established and functioning, and
their'organ of , coordination, the Laenderrat, had been created, Military Govern
ment was in a position to turn greater responsibilities over t~ their consti
tuted Germanauthori ties.· . The firs t directiva, which follows, lays doWn the
spheres of activl'ty of the various levels of German .authority, and defines the
relation ot Military Government in the new situation to those German authorities.
A year later, when the new state constitutions were adopted by the people in the
three states, a new directive was issued which defines the relationships which'
'are now existing between military and civil government in the American Zone."
Both directives show the evolution of American supervisory practice during the
period, when German gO,vernment was being rebuilt arid placed on a democratic basis.
1
HEADQUARTERS
UNITED STATES FORCES, EUROPEAN THEATER .
Office of M~litary Government (us. Zone)
-----------
L
SUBJECT:
•
Action to 'Strengthen ,oerman Civil Administrati9n'in the' U.S. Zone.
TO
]
DirectOr, Offlc.e of Military Government for:
Western Military District;
Bavaria;
Greater Hessen;
WUrttemberg-Baden
I. ~le, steps ~hich we have taken to accomplish this objective of requiring
German Authorities to eXercise responsibility for the operation of the machinery
of government make it necessary that the Minister Presidents of the several
States be fully informed of their responsibilities and the powers Which they may
exercise and of the control whi,ch will be maintained by Military Government •. The
information given in the succeeding paragraphs. of this letter will therefore be'
transmitted,to such Minister p,residents:
.
.
, 1. Relationship of Military Government to the German Authorities. The
relationship between MilItary Government and the German authorItIes Is based upon
the establishment of an autonomous state gov6irnment 4 in the three states of the,
United States Zone subject to a centralized Military Gov.ernment control applied,
at the local sta~e government leve~.
2. Constitution of Lander. Three Lander were constituted in the U. S.,
.Zone tor Germany by th~Theater CommanderfsProclamation No.2.
•
3. Or anization of state
Government. Provisior. was made for each
to have a s a e government, w
ve, eg s ative, 'and judicial powers, the
state government to exercise all powers and responsibilities formerly exercised.
by the state and in addition, within the state, .the powers formerly exercised by
the Reich government. The State government is composed of functional Ministries,
responsible for the performance of all tunct'1ons, ,including those formerly per
formed therein.by Reich agencies. Such,Ministries are s:ubordinateto and account
. able. to the Minister PreSident, who, in turn is. responsible to the Director" Office
ot Military Government for the state (Land) •
�• ..
............................................
~
~
172
4. Powers and Res onsibl1ities of the state
Government. The state
government ,has ull respons i tyfor the operation of the machinery of govern
ment within the state and the authority to take whateyer action is necessary to
. fulfill such responsibility, subject to such control as must be 'exercised by
Military Government to accomplish the purposes of the occupation, and except as
the exercise thereof would be in conflict with actions heretofore or hereafter
taken by the Control. Council of Germany or any central authority established by
it. The initiative, must be taken by the German authorities, the duty is theirs.
a. Executive Functions. .The Minister President and his functional
Ministers have the right to appoint all officials within the state subject to the
prior approval of Mill tary Government with respect to political reliability.' This
power will not, however, be allowed to interfere with the authority of representa
tive bodies when such are chosen by elective process. Until reVised Civil Ser
vice legislation is produced and put into effect, all,appointments and all reten
tions in office are. on a temporary basis. However, removals wIll not normally be
effected except for cause.
.
b. Legislative Functions.
(1) Subject to the authority of Military Government each state is
given full legislative,' judicial 'and executive p'owers except as the exercise
thereof would be in conflict with actions heretofore or hereafter taken by the
Control Council for Germany or any central German authority established by it.
The authority of the Landrate, mayors, and other local officials to enact legis
lation· and exercise other governmental power to the same extent to which they had
such authority under German law in force at the time of the occupation, as from
time to time modified by the Control Councl1t:or Germany or by or with the ap
proval of Military Gov'ernment, is recognized and additional authori~y is given
. where necessary or appropriate to carry out th'e tasks with the performance of
. which they . are charged by Military Government.
"
,
•
i
(2) All legislation issued by German.authorities at any level will
be issued upon their sole responSib,ili ty and no such German legislation sh~li
contain anything which would indicate or might be construed to indicate that it
was issued in, the name of or having the approval, of Military Government.
.
,
.
,
~
(3) Until such time as it is possible' to establish democratic insti
tutionsit is sufficient for the validity of state legil31atlop.that it be approved
and promulgated by the Minister Presiderit.
.
.
.
(4) The issuance of legislation by' a Lander or.its subdivisions is
subject to the prior clearance of the Office of Military Government for such Land,
(5) Kreis legislation need not. 'be examined by Military Government
prior to its issuance but copies w111 promptly be forwarded to th~ Office of
Military Government by the local authority at the time; of issuance·, The ~epeal
of any such legislation which is in confli ct wl th the policies of Mili tary Govern
ment 'will be directed.
'
,
(6) All legisl.ition w111 be 'judged on the basis of the objectives
sought and not on the basis of the machinery devised for their accomplishment.
Comparable legislation to be adopted by. two or more states, will, howev~r, so far
as feaSible, follow a .common pattern.
c, Judicial Functions; Justice 'will .be administered in German courts in
accordance with the principles announced in Control Council Proclamation No.3,
The administration of. the judicial system is under the control of the State
Minister of Justice, and its organization, composition and operation is provided
for by the "Plan .forthe Administration of Justice in the U. S •. Zone,1t The ad
ministration is subject to .the limitations imposed by Military Government Law·
No.2 and orders heretofore or hereafter. issued by Military Government •.
•
�173
•
5. Interstate Coordination. The division of Germany into 4 zones of Oy
cupation and the further divisIon of the '''Uni ~ed States Zone into 3 states subject,
,to no higher German auth,~rity creates the problem, of ef'fective coordination and
control within each zone for ,the various special administrative services which '
formerly came under direct 'control of tpe central government. The various state
offices require coordination with other state offices performing similar functions.
This is particularly true in the field of economics, transportation,communica'
tion, etc. To meet th~s problem a Council of Ministers has been created and a
Joint Coordinating' Staff for all Lander and for the various national administra
tive services has been established with a Secretariat at stuttgart. ,'Meetings of
the Council of Ministers will be' held from time 'to time for, the purposes of ex
changing ideas and experiences, discussing plarisfor strengthening their' respective
government, especially iri the direction of ' supervision over the specialadminis
tratlve services, and preparing a plan for the J.oint Coordinating starr to serve
all state governments and all national functioning agencies. The Joint Coordi
nating Staff will provide the exchflIlge of information and studies necessary to,
keep al,l aspects of German government in the United States Zone working in unison.
Such staff will be composed of German functional experts in the various fields,
will be snialland will ,in no sense be con~idered a zone authority.
6.' Exercise, of Mili tarz ,Governmt:mt Authoritz.
a. At the earlie~t possible date and not later than 31 December, 1945,
Military Government authority over German authorities will, be exercised at the
level of the state goverrunents and all instructions to German autl}orities from
Military ,Government authorities will be through the'Minister President and 'the
functional ministers- of their respective states.
,.
b',To complete the organizationfqr the coordination and control with
in the United States Zone of the v'arious administrative services formerly und'er
the direct control of the German central government and now the responsibility of
the. 3 states" a regional government coordinating office has been established as
an agency of the Deputy Military Governor. ,Additional purposes of the Regional
Government Coordin~ting Office are to control and 'supervise the German joint co
ordinating starf, to approve or disapprove the recommendations of the Joint Co
ordinating Starf which have been approved through normal Military channels to the
U. S. Military Government personnel concerned and to insure that approved recom
m~ndations, of the coordinating'staff are carried out uniformly within.the U. S.
Zone. The Regional Military Government coordinating starf will be located at ,the
site of the Joint Coordinating· starf and the relationship of the Joint Coordinat
ing Staff and the Regional Government Coordinating Office will be the same as
that of a state government to the Office'of Military'Government for such state.
•
~
.
"c. Military Government w111, ,to ·the extent available"
render 'assist:..
ance in ,the provision of necessary transportation and coramunication facilities,
including the issuance of special passes to the-higher German governmental
officials.
'
II.
1. If the German Lander government's appointed by M.ilitary Governm'ent, are
.to be successful in the 'administration of their respective Lander under the pro
cedure outlined herein and 1h accordance with United states policy, it must be
evident 1;0 all, that they have, the full confidenCe and 'support of, the Military
Government.
'
2. I t ,is believed that this can be attained only' when our own Mili tary
Government controls are exercised through the three Minister Presidents. Within
the fIeld of Lander responsibility, it' is therefore es'sential that, at the, earliest
practical date and not later than 31 December 1945, orders, instructions and
interpretations of policy by Military Government be issued to the. German govern
mental machinery by the Lander Office of Military Government through the several
'.
�•
174
Minister Presidents. Such,instructions should pass to' the lower element of German
government through the German administrative machlnery~Copies should be fur
nished to all of our field officers below the Lander Office of Military Government
for information so that they, may properly ob,serve compliance by the Germans with
such instructions. Violations of policy, however, should not be corrected through
lesser German offiCials, except incases of real' emergency, but will be reported.
by ,our field offices of the Lander Offices of ,Military Government so that remedial
measures may be required of the Minister-Presidents.
3. Prior to elections and subsequent tq elections for appointed officers,
future appointments of German officials should be made by the Minister President,
subject of course to the approval of Military Government. Minister Presidents
should also be given the right of removal except that no official appointed by
Military Government should be removed except for cause and then only with the
approval of ,Military Government.
'
. '4. A COIlf?tant effort'rnustbe made to improve th~transportation, communi
cation, and office facilities availaple to the Lander officials. Special passes
should be given to the Ministers and such other key officials as appear desirable.
to permit their free and unrestricted passage throughout the United States Zone.
They must be provided with sufficient dignity of office to impress their responsi
bility upon the German people. '
"
•
5. ,In general, the instructions to Minister Presidents should be confined
to' the fullest extent possible to the delineation of policies and should avoid
detailed instructions as to the execution of such policies. The German Lander
Governments should be required to prepare and-present plans for execution of
policy for the approval of Military Government. The action of M1iitary Govern-'
ment ,on such plans should be based only on the, compliance of the proposed plans
with United states policy and not on its views of,the efficiency of the plan.
The 'efficifmoy of German government is not in itselt: our responsibility, except: as
a lack of efficiency) interferes 'with the execution of approvedUni ted states
policy. A highly efficient German administr,ative machine cannot be expected un
til the machine has gained more experience in the ,administration of Government.
2
,OFFICE OF MILITARY GOvERNMENT FOR GERMANY CU. S.)
office of the Military Governor'
30 September 1946
TO
.
~
.
__ .'_ ._. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
~
.
'
_
~
__
"
~
M
'
(U. S. Zone) Sub
__ ' _ _
_
~
___
·
~
_
__
~
-~~,r;,~-T: -~-;at~::~iP. ;:wee~l1tar;r and Civil Government
sequent to Adoption of Land Constitutions.
:' Directors,
Office of Military Government for Bavaria'
Office of Military Government for Wuerttemberg-Baden
Office of Mil't tary Government for Greater Hesse
Office of Military Government for Bremen Enclave*
Office of Military Government for Berlin District*
Regional Government Coordinating Office
1. U. S.'policy requires that the 'German people be permitted increasingly to
govern themselves. The elections held in the U. S. Zone in 1946, and the consti
tutions which, have been adopted are implementations of this, policy. The subse
quent operation of both" Civil and Mili tary Governments will be based on this ob
jective.
•
�175
2. Adoption of Land Constitutions WillChans8 Civil-Military Government Re
lations. The Sdoptlon of constitutIons in the Laender of the U. s. Zone marks
the beginning of a new period in the relationships between Military and Civil
.Government. All military and civil authorities must clearly imderstandthose re-,
lationships.
3. S ecific
,ments.
e se -government s
e 0 ec 0 U.
cy,
It must nevertheless, be und'erstood that there ~:are certain restrictions which will
continue to apply to the actions' 'Of all', levels of civil government in the U. S. ,
Zone. The basic occupation policies announced from time to time, as in thecas~
of the Berlin Protocol and Secretary of State Byrnes' stuttgart speech, will, of
cour,se, continue to be enforced by Military Government. Furthermore, the specific
restrictions set forth below must ,be considered as superior to the authority of
any German governmental agency, and to'both'statutory ,and constitutional law.
Those restricti'ons are:
'
a. All int~rnational agreements regarding Germany which have been or may
be conclud'ed;
. .
lations;
b. All present and future quadripart~te policy decisions, laws and regu
c. All oasicpollcy decisions of the U. S.-British Bipartite Board affect
ing the fields 'of central agencies;
, d. The rights 'of an occupying power under international law to maintain
an occupying force within the zone, to preserve peace and order, to reassume at
any time full occupation powers in the event, the purposes,: of the occupation are
jeopardized; ,
,",
' ,
,,
'
"
'
'
•
e. The specific 'occupation purposes ot the U. S. Government which, -in
,
addition to those set' forth above, shall conSist' of the, following basic tenets:,
"
be
(1) Democracy--All levels of German government in the U.
the extent that: ,
,
democratic,~o
S~,
Zone must
(a) All' political power is recognized as originating with the,
"
,people and subject to"theircontroli
' , '
,
'
, , (b), Those who exercise pOlltic'aipower are' obiiged tC) 'regularly
renew theirmandat~s by frequent references of their programs and,leadership to
popular elections;'
,
"
' ,
•
,
,
(c) Popular elections,are conducted under' competitive conditions
in which not less than two effectively cQmpeting political parties submit their'
programs and ,candidates for publlcreview;
",
'
(d) Political parties must be democratic in character and must be
recognized as voluntary associations, of citizens clearly distinguished from,
rather than ide~tified',with, the instrUtnentalities of governmentj
,
(e) The bas'ic rights of the individual includlngfree speech,
freedomof,religious preference, the rights of.assembly, freedom of pol'itical,
association"and other equally baslcrights of free men are recognized and
guaranteed;
,
(f) ,Control over the instrumentalities of public opinion, such as
the radio and press must be diffused' and kept fr,ee from governmental domination;
, ,,' (g) The rule of law is recognized as, the individual's greates t
single protection agai~,st a capricious arid willful express!on of governmenta:l
.'
,
�1'16
power.
(2) German governmental systems must provide for a judiciary independ
ent of the legislative and executive arms in general and of the police activity
,in particular. U. S. policy does not demand the rigid separation of legislative
and executive powers. It has no objection to the cabinet or parliamentary type '
of government in which the executive and legislative branches are inter-dependent.
Where a governmental system does provide for a separation of the executive, and ,
legislative, there must be no provision which would enable the ex.ecutive ,to rule
without the approval'·and cons~nt ~f the legislative branch.
(3) Intergovernmental Distribution of Powers--German governmental
structure shall be federal in character <aundesstaat}, and. the constituent units
thereof shall be states (Staaten not LaeI),der). The'functions of government shall
be decentralized within that structure to the maximum degree consistent with the
modern economic life. U. S. policy concerning the relationships between levels
of government requires that:
"
(a) All political power is recognized as originating with the
people and subject to their control;
,
(b) Power shall be granted'by the people primarily to the states
(staaten), and subsequently only in spe,cifically enumerated and limited instances
toa fede~al government;
I
,
(c) All other grants ,of governmental power by the people shall be
made to the states;
·"
(d)'All powers not granted by the people shall be reserved to the
people;
(e) A substantial number of, functions shall be delegated by the
States to the local governments. These should include all functions which may be
effectively determined and administered by local governments;,
U) Governmental powers may not be delegated to private or quasi
public economic bodies;
,(g) Pending the establishment' of a federal government, the popu
larly responsible governments and Landtage of the states shall act as the peoplets
agents for the conferring of powers requiring central execution upon such transi
tional federal or central body or bodies as may be, agreed upon by civil government
and military governme'nt, or, as may be db-ected bJ the latter.
'
.
.
,
(4) Economic Unitf--Economicunity through the establishment of German
central administrative agenc es, particularly in ·tr,ade, industry, food and agri
culture, finance, transportation, and communications,' is a controlling objective
of our occupation. 'Pending quadripartite, agreement for the eS,tablishment of such
agencies, the'U. S. Government offered to join with anyone or two of the other
occupying powers in ~he establishment of such administrative agencies to cover
such zones as would accept. The administrative agencies now established'for the
British and U. S. Zones are· an important step toward the economic unity agreed to
by the occupying powers at Potsdam. Accord1ngly, the furtherance of their suc-'
cessful operations is a maJor policy of the u.s. occupation. When agreement is
reached with either or both of the other powers for the establishment of German
adminis.trative agencies covering the wider areas involved, the implementation of
such agreements will constitute a part of the fundamental policy of the U. S.
occupation.
'
..
f. All limitations upon governmental action which may be set out as
specific qualifications t,o the approval of the st~te constitutions;
\
�,177
g. Such proclamations, laws, enactments, orders, and instructions of U. &
as continue in forQe or shall hereafter be promulgated.
occupationauthori~~es
,
'4. SUbsequent Functions of MilitarI 'Government Wil,l Be Limited to: 'Subse
quent to the adoptIon of these constItu Ions, MIlitary Government will obtain its
objective by means of:
"
,
a. Observation"
"
inspecti~n,
reporting and s,dvising;
b.Disapp~oval of only such economic, social and political and govern
mental activity as it may find to clearly violate those objectives;
c.
Removal of public officials whose public activities are in violation '
of those objectives;
d. The establishment of full Military Government controls in any area in
the U. ~. Zonewhere'the objectives of the occupation as herein defined or pro
vided for may be endangered;
,
e.' Military Government courts;
f;\Dire~t administratiQn of such activities as demilitarization and
rep,arations which cannot be assumed entirely by ,German civil governmental agencies,
but which are nec'essitated by international agreements, quadripartite action, or
O. S. occupation policy.
S. Subsequent directives will implement the foregoing st~tements insofar as
modifications or revisions in Military Government practices may be required.
•
, ,6.' The Land Directors of Military Government ~ill advise the appropriate
German official'S of the content of this directive. It is desir.able that the
widest possible distribution to both civil and military authoritle~ be given it •
However, the directive will be considered a restricted document to be used for
information of Military Government only until you .are subsequently authorized to
release i , t . ·
. .
'
BY DIRECTION OF
~E'
MILITARY GOVERNOR·
•
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...
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_
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�Iq
Lf,
297
Arter a three weeks" sUrvey of the German (and Austrian)
food condition, made at Mr., Truman's request, .Mr. Herbert
Hoover on February 26, 1947, reported to the President as
follows:
At the time of her surrender, Germany'had exhausted all ,of her reserves and
most of her stocks of consumer goods and raw materials. We now know that, driven
back into her own boundries,: she. would' have blown up in chaos wi thin a short time
without further military action.
'
Promptly after the surrender, her liquid resources from wbichshe could have
been provided with supplies were seized and divided as reparations. The popula
tion thus became largely dependent for its life upon the armies of occupation.
It is hardly necessary. to repeat that p'arts of Germany were annexed to. Poland
and Russia and that the shrunken territory was divided irito four militaryoccupa
tion zones between the Russians, French, British and Amer~cans. The American and
British zones have now been administratively'combined, each nation bearing one
half ,the, expense, and this report relates to, that area only.
•
The changes which have taken place in populat~~n profoundly strect ~ll eco
nomic problems. The 'population of the combined;zones in 1939 was about 34,200,000.
The Germans expelled from the Russian and polisn annexation together with those
from Czechoslovakia, Hungary.and'Austria,have raised the .population in the
American and British zones to about 41,700,000.. It is estimated that an additional
'1:,000,000 'will come into this area. by December, 1947. There are also about 400,000
British and American military and civil personnel. Thus, the two zones will have
to accomm.odate.about43,000,000 people, bringins.the popul'ation approximately
9,000,000 above that in 1939.
The skilled man power and the ratio of working males in 'the population have
.been greatly affected by the war. For the whole of Germany, it is estimated that
5,700,000 were killed or permanently injured. It is also estimated that over
3,000,000 prisoners of war are held in work camps in Russia, 750,000 in France,
400,000 in Britain and 40,000 in Belgium. The detention of large numbers of
'
SKilled Sudeten German workmen in Czechoslovakia, bears on this problem.
As applied to the American and British zones, this represents a present sub~
traction of over 6,000,000 of the most vital and most skilled workers in the popu
lation. Likewise, the 90,000 Nazis held in concentration camps and the 1,900,000
others under sanctions by which they can only '!!Ingage in manual labor naturally
comprise'a considerable part of the former technical and administrative skill of'
the country, and the restrictions upon them, however necessary, add to adminis
trative and industrial problems.
One consequence of these 'distortions is that in the age groups between
twenty and forty there are six men to ten women, 'and in the age group between
forty and siJ!:ty, about seven men to ten :won;en. ',Thus, there are in thes,e groups
between six and seven million more women than men. The results .upon productive
power are bad enough, but the consequences to morals are appalling.'
HOUSING
The housing situation in the two zones is the worst that modern civilization ,\
has ever seen. About. 25 per cent of the urban housing was destroyed by the war.
/
�..
.p
•
298
. Therefore, 25 per cent of the urban population must find roofs from among the. re
maining75 per cent, in addition to all the destitute "expellees" and other groups
brought in • There has, been little repair .of damaged houses, due to lack. of . .
materials and transportation. The result 'of all this is that multitudes are
living in rubble and basem~nts. The aver'age space among, tens of millions is '
equivalent to between three and four people to a 12 by 12 foot room. Nor is the
overcrowding confined to urban areas, for the "expellees" have been settled into
every farmhouse. One consequence is the rapid.spread of tuberculosis and other
potentially communic'able d~seases.
" ,
The shortage of coal is, next to food, the most serious lnnnediate bottleneck
.to both living and the reviv'al of exports to pay for food~ The Ruhi'~ which is
.
now almost the sole coal. supply of the Anglo-American zones, is, due 'to lack of
skilled men and physical vitality in labor, producing only 230,000 tons a day,. as
against a 1,'ormer 450,000 tons a day.. Of the. present production, a considerable
amount must' be exported to surrounding nations which are also suffering. The
shortage leaves the two zones wi thout sufficient co.al for tr.ansport, household
and other dominant services, with_little upon which to start exports in the in
dustry.
.
The coal famine allover western Europe and the unprecedented severity of
the winter have produced everywhere the most. acute suffering. As an example in
Germany, no household coal has been issued in Hamburg sinc.e October. Other Ger
man cities have been but little better off.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
•
It must be borne in mind that about 25 per cent of the German pre..,war food
productio.n came from the areas taken over by Russia and Poland. Moreover, the
Russi.an military zone in Germany was a large part of the bread basket of Germany.
Some millions of tons for~erly flowed into the American and British zones from
these areas. These sources'nowcontribute nothing.
The British and American armies and civilians are entirl3ly fed from home.
The·large Russian army is 'fed upon its zone:
Due to a lack of fertilizers, good seed, farm implements and skilled labor,
the 1946 agricultural production in the American and British zone~ was about 65
per cent of pre-war. A generalized appraisal indicates' that in the' American zone'
the harvest of 1946 yielded a supply, beyond the needs of the farmers (self
suppliers), equal to abou~ 1~100 calories a day for the "non-self suppliers."
The similar supply in. the British zone was about 900 calories a day average to
the "non-self suppliers." These amounts cO.ntrast with 3,000 calories of. the. pre
war ,normal German consumption.
,!
with the'efforts being made to improve agricultural production, there is an
expected. small increase from the harvest·· of 1947, especially in potatoes (if
bett~r seed is provided in time).
The steps which I recommend, however, should
show greater production from the 1948 harvest.
FOOD DISTRIBUTION .
This terrible winter I with frozen c'anals and impeded railway traffic, has
renq.ered ft impossible to maintain even the present lovi basis. of rationing in
1TI.any localit;es. The coal Shortage, and the consequent lack of heat, even for
cooking, has 'added a multftude of hardships. The conclusions in this report as
to the·food situation are, however, not based upon the'effect of this temporary
dislocation but upon the basic conditions, to which the winter has added many
difficulties.
•
�299
•
"
From the food point of view the population of the. combined zones has been
divided as below, based upon the German census undertllicen la'st autumn. The' table'
must not be regarded as precise for the different groups, as the Berlin sector
was not distributed on the same basis as others. It is, however, accurate enough
for food computation purposes.
"Self-suppliers," I. E. farmers and their families
,tNon-se1f suppliers," I. E.urban population:
prospectivEt and nursing mothers
•• ~.. •
Children 0-6 years. • .' • • ... ,. • ., • • • • • •
Children 6-15 years • • • • • . • .' • •
Adolescents, 15-20 years~ ' . . . . . . . . .
ItNorma1consumers,It 20 years' up • • • • • •
Moderate hard workers • " ~ • • • .'. • • • • •
••
Heavy workers .,.' • • • .'. ..'.
Extra heavy workers. • • • •
,,;
. Displaced persons • • • • ; .
Total "non-self suppliers".
•• • • • '.
2,500,000
'•• '.
• • • • ,1,910,000
• .....
• • ••
720,000
680,000
• • • • • • 34,045~000
The popu1ati()n, 2 zones. . . ' • • • •.• • • • • • •
• • • • 41;685,000
7,640,000
•• •
•
~
..
660,000
3,070,000 '
4,495,000
2,100,000
• • • •
~
••
e'
••••
'.
17,,910,000
.. .....
.
'.
The base ration is 1,550 calories a persona day to the l'norma1 consumer"
group, with priorities andsupplements,.as the situation requires or permits, for
other groups •. For instance, milk and. fats are given in priority to nursing .
mothers arid ch11drenup to six years of ageimore food, including more meat, is
given in supplement to .hard workers" etc.
"
This basic rat~on for the "normal consumer" compares wlththe minimum tempo
rary maintenance food intake recommended tor "normal consumers" by eminent
nutritionists; as f o l l o w s : ;
,
'.
Carbohydrates
Fats
.
'
Protein.
.
Calories
Present'German
283 grams
24 grams
52 grams
1,550
Per Cent'Deficiency
Recommended'Minimum
335 grams
45 grams
65 g~ams
. 2,000
16
47
20
24
Thus, with the deficiency in quantity and in fats, protein and other nutri
ents,'the 1,550ratl'on is wholly incapable of·supporting hea1th'ofthe groups
which do not have supplements.
."
-'.
NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION
The nutritional coridition of the above different groups, irrespective of the
immediate consequences of the hard winter, is:
,
,
(a) The 7,640.000 self-suppliers are, naturally. 1n good condition.
(b) The supplements and priorities iIi special foods given to 3,730,,000 pro
spective and nursing mothers, and children under six years of age, appear to be
enough to"keep them in good condition.
:,
(c) More than half of the 6,595,000 ch'j.1dren and adolescents, especially in
the 10wer~income groups, are in,a deplorable condition. Their situation is bet
ter in 1imitEtd localities where school feeding has been undertaken~ but outside
these lim! tS stunted growth and delayed deve10pm~nt .are widespread.. In some
areas famine edema (actual starvation) fs appearing in the children. A study
'of gro~ps of boys between the ages of nine and sixteen years showed 5.5 1bs. under
minimum standard weights ,with girls 5.1 1bs. below such standard. Other groups
studied showed even worSe condi.tions.
I,
.'
_C,. SQ4Wa
I
Ail&lMS, #£
5,
4
e
= a_
a
IZS
�•
300
(d) A conSiderable part of the ftnormal consumer" group of 17,910,.000 is like':'
wise in deplorable condition.
This group comprises the light physical workersand·is in large majority
women, and manY are aged. Some portion of this group .'are able tq supplement the
1,550 calories ration pi purchase of some supplies from the black market, from
the free markets in' the vegetable seasons, and from package remittances., Some
part of this group are tOQ poor to purchase even. the 1,550 c.alories. ration. .
In any event, a large part of the group shows a steady, loss of weight, vital
ity and ability to work. A study in the British zone 'shows urban adult males
over 19 pounds and females nearly 5 pounds under 'proper weight. A study in the
American zone showed from 5 to 20 pounds under proper weight.. Famine edema is
showing in thousands of cases, stated to be 10,000 in HambUrg alone. The in
creased death roll among ,the aged is appalling. In persons over seventy, in three
months last autumn the increase was 40, per cent.
,"
(e)' Whi,le the workers trations, due to supplements. are perhaps high enough
in themselves, yet the universal tendency is for the worker to share his supple
ment with his wife and children, 'and therefore it does not have its full effect
in supPlying energy for the w,orker himself.
(f) The 680,000 displaced persons are about one-third in the British zone'
and two-thirds in the United States zone. In the BrItish zone they receive the
German ration only. In 'the United States zone they receive supplements which
amount, to 700 calories a day, so there can be no doubt as to their adequate.sup
ply i.n that area. In fact, the American ration is above the "normal ration"' of
the o,ther nations on the Continent, except the former neutrals.
•
These nutritional conclusions are based upon'survey's made by Dr. W. H. Sebrell,
Jr., of theUnited.StatesPublic Health Service, who was a'member of my miSSion •.
At my request he. also visited Italy, France, Belgium, Holland and Britain to study:
the comparative nutritional situations of these co;untries with that of Germany.
.
He reports that the nutritional condition in those countries is nearly pre-war
normal, while the special German groups' that I have mentioned are not only far
below the' other nations, but disastrously so. '
A, NEW
PROGRAM
The Anglo-American bi-zonal agreement of last 'autumn. calls for an increase
of rations, by 250 calories a day at some undetermined date. Such an increase is
highly desirable. However, the world shortage in cereals, evidenced by. the early
reduction of bread rations in several other nations, renders such an increase im
possible until after the :p.arvest of 1947. Such a program also implies increased
import suppll'es which, in' terms of gra'in. would add 1,260,000 tons and'$l36-,OOO,OOO
annually to costs, above the alread.yhuge burden ,upon the taxpayers of our two ..
nations.
'
As the present base' of 1,550 'calories. for ftnormal'consumers,t is not enough
to maintain health in many children or health and working energy in many adults,
I propose a different program. This new approach is to repair the weakest spots
in. the nutritional situation. I believe that this method will accomplish the
'major purpose of the prqposed gener.al increase in ration as nearly as can be ac
complished within thel1mlts of available supplies and finances for the remainder
of the fiscal year 1946-'47.
' '
•
. .' In many ways
successful remedy
large an increase
under the bizonal
,
.
I believe it is abetter program,and if,thiS method proves a
durins the next few months it may modify the necessity of so
in. imports in. the fiscal year ,1947-1948 as. has been proposed
agreement.
�301,
•
There 'are' two groups to which 'this repair of weakness ,should be givenquick:
ly:
First, are the children over six years of 'age and the adolescents •. The num
ber of this group who are undernourished is estimated to be about 3,500,000 or
more than 50 percent. To cover this group and assure that the food reaches the
child the British in their zone, aided by the Swedish and other charities, are
giving a small ,ration in certain schools. 'There is no systematic school feeding
in the American zone. A system or soup kitcl:ie'hs'to"provide a hot meal or appro
priate body-building roods (meats,' fats, mllk, .. etc.) 0'1' at least 350 calories
daily is imperative for. the children in the worst areas of the combined zones, if
aruture Germany of wholesome character is, to be' created.'
,
In order to start this, system at once Ireconnnend using the Army surplus 10
in-l,rations,'now en route, and certain excess stocks not adapted to Army feeding
and now in control of the 'American occupation forces. These resources can form
.the major base or this system for a conside~.able period. This is, the ,more pos
sible aS'it is proposed to slaughter during'1947 over 5,000,000 head or ~attle,
hogs and ~heep in order to lessen the animal consumption of ground crops, and a
portion of these meats and fats can be applied to this program. These vari,Ous
supplies, together with some minor cereal allotments, should carry 'the program
"ror six months..
'
•
The second group demanding immediate relief is, the "normal consumer" group
of about 17,910,000 persons, riow receiving 1,550 calories a day. I strongly
recommend several lines of actioq.., (a) A, certain portion of them should be ad
vanced to the group of moderate heavy workers and ,receive the supplement'applic
able to that category. (b) An emergency supply of cereals should be allotted" to
the Ger'man welfare organizations ,with which to provide a supplement to families
in need and the soupkitcheria.(c) I,reconnnend that the aged in the "normal con
sumers" group and others where medically certified, be issued tickets upon the
soup kitchens for the meal of 350 calories a day'during the school week, to be
consumed either at these kitchens or taken home. These supplemental measures,
will substantially improve, ,and will at least carry over, the most,needy part or
~sgr~.
'
' , '
,
'
By aid to the childrep,and adolescents, some pressure will be removed from
the It normal consumer" group, who naturally tend to cut their own food to help
their children.
In support of the above program for children and "normal rations, It I have
included in the recormnended deficiency ,appropriation an emergency supply of 65,000
tons of cereals. These measures,' as I have',said, are in substitution for" the
great increase otherwise necessary to import'for the proposed program of a lift
in the whole ration 'system by 250 calories" , ' .
,',', '
,
In addition to these measures, I have included in the sums given below which
I recommend to be approprlat~d for the balance of ,this fiscal year 1946- '47 an
amount necessary for the, shipment 01'400,000 tons of surplus potatoes from the
United States. The object is two-rold.' '
.,,' " " , '
Due to spoilage during this unprecedented winte'r, 'and other causes, there
are not enotighpotatoes by 250,000 tons to cover that portion. or the minimum
1,550 calorie ration until the next harvest~· Certainly we cannot allow the ration,
to fall'below its already ~angerous levels.
'
•
Of 'even more importance, most 'of the pot~to seed 'or our zones normally comes
from the Polis'h-aririexed area and the Russian zone and is not available. If we
can forward 200,000 to 250,000 tons of good potato seed, with some already in
hand, we should be able to assure a yield from'the 1947 harvest of 5,000,000 tons
and thereby effect ,some savings in overseas rood imports tor,the fiscal year
1947-,'48 •
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NECESSARY ,IMPORTS AND,FINANCE
The supply and finance of food and collater~l relief imports and' the develop
ment of exports with which ultimately .to pay for these imp~rts have been organized
upon the basis of dividing foreign trade Into two categories:
Category "A" covers imports of food, fertilizers and petroleum products for
the civil population~ This category is to be paid for·by appropriations, ,and thus
one-half by the. taxpayers each of the United States and the United Kingdom. It
has not been determin~d whether seeds fall in this group. In my opinion they
should, and I have included them in my estimates of supply' and cost which appear
below. .
.
category "B" .is under the "Joint· Export;'Import Agency," who regulate the im
portation of raw materials and the 'export of coal, some other raw materials and
manufactur'ed products. The organization started with a certain 'working capital
and 'all exports of coal and other commodities are credited, to this fund until the
exports exceed the .raw material imports, when the surplus will be applied to the
. ,cost of category "A;." It 18 poped that the export surplus .will begin to' con
tribute to Category' "A" in the last half of 1948. and cover virtually all the cost
'in the calendar year 1950.,
Therefora, the cost of Category "A" for: the balance of the 1947 fiscal year,
in which a deficiency appropriation is 'involved, SJ;ld the whole of the 1948 fiscal
. year, will fall upon the taxpayers of America and Britain •.
•
COST AND SUPPLIES'OF CATEGORY "A" IMPORTS FOR THE LAST
HALF OF FISCAL YEAR 1946;"47
The ·program, ot supplies and costs to cover Category "A" f9r the six months
from Jan. 1 to July 1, 1947, will appear large compared to the program given.
later for the whole fiscal year 1947-'48. The reasons are that imports are unduly
low during the last six months' of 1946 and the drain on indigenous food unduly
large. Also, .it is necessary, to include the co.st of purchases and shipments
prior to July 1 so as to provide in June for arrivals in Germany during the period
July 1 to' Aug." 15, for which appropriations for the 1947-'48 fiscal year cannot
, be' available until atter July 1.' ,This works to lessen the burden on the fiscal
,year followirigthat' qat·e •. I, have, as said, included the allotment of 65,000 tons
'of cereals. to support the "normal ration" group, and the potato imports.
The following is the estimated cost for both zones; for the. six months Jan. 1
to July 1, 1947, in which are included 'the supplies· already shipped for this
period:
Cereal (wheat equivalent)' 2,,505,000 tons
$288,000,000
Otherfds, 720,000 tons. • • • • •• • •
. 54,000,000
Fertilizers. • •.'. • •.• • • ,. • • • • •
17,500,000
·Seeds. • • • •• • • • • .• •• • • • • • .••
12,500,000
Petroleum products (civil pop~la~ion).'. • •. 12,000,000
Total. • • • • '. • • .,;. • • • • • • •. • .' $384,000,000
The United States contribution of one-half ot this is $192,000,0'00
.
.
What portion of, these expenditures is already covered by appropriations, and'
'what portion must need be covered by detlciency appropriations, is not known to
me •
•
SUPPLIES AND COSTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1947-'48
In corisider,lng the. supplies and cost ofcateg~ry "A" for the fiscal year
�; 303
.\
•
1947-'48, the supplemental.supports I have proposed to atrengthen the 'ch1ldren~ ,
adolescents and Itnormal ration" group, should undoubtedly carry through these
groups until Octpber, especially with the spring and summer produce. Therefore
it will not, in any event, be necessary to increase the general ration by the 250
calories provided in'the bi-zonal'agreementuntil that date. It is my hope that.
the revised methods by which the weak places in the system are strengthened may
partially or wholly avoid this necessity 'atter that date. I have, however, pro
vided in the estimates an item of $62,300,000 for such an increase after October.
I have also included an enlarged fertilizer and seed program. It is my belief
that these latter measures will greatly lighten the burden on our taxpayers in
the fiscal ye~ 1948-'49.
. .
The following is mY estimate of the supplies and costs needed for the final "
year 1947-'48 covering category itA'"
..
Cereals (in terms of wheat) tor 1,550 calorie
·level, 2,785,000 tons •• ' . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ $278,500,000
Cereals for "normal consumers" emergency supple
mental feeding, 192,000 tons • •• • • • .,. •
19,200,0~0
Child feeding program (includes special· foods),
35,000,000
130,000 tons • • • • • • . '
• • • • • .•
75,000,000
Other fds .. 450,000 tons. •• • • • • • •
• •
. Fertilizers (available). .'. • . . ' • • • • • • • ·45,000,000
27,000,000
See'ds. • . • • . ~ .' • .• .'. . • • • . •
25,000,000
Petroleum products for ,civil population • • • -••
$504,700,000
Cost of ration-increase to 1,800 calories on or
62,300,000
about Oct., 1947 .' •
". " • • • • • •
Total. . . . . . . . . ..... .".
.".
$567,000,000
(Of which the United states share of 50 per cent amounts'to
$283,500,000.) '.
.
.
.,
Due to these changes in method, . the above program is different trom that
submitted by the War Department for the tiscalyear 1947-' 48, bu·t the total cost
is no g r e a t e r . '
,
..
.
It is rrry conviction that these appropriations for Category "A" tor both the
1946-'47 and the 1947-"48 fiscal years should have first ctmsideration, .even in
priority to appropr.iations. for military purposes., The 'occupational torc'es cannot
be reduced without these assurances of minimum tood' supply. From the. point ot
vi'ew. only ot maintaining ord.er, the need for these.torces ,is not great; if we can
m~et the food needs.
Their size will 'depend u.pon other considerations.
FURTHER SAVINGS' TO THE TAXPAYERS' THAT CAN BE MADE
.
I ' There are ways by which these costs could be red~ced,although they are not
certain enough to be deducted in advance against appropriations which must now be
determined.
1. If these charlges in' rationing program render the general calorie litt un.:..
necessary, there would be a saving of $62,OQO,OOO.
.
, .' .
2. It through the 1947 deticiency appropriations the seeds. are provided 'in
tinie, there should be substantial additions to the' German potato harvest, in re.;.
lief of 1947-'48 expenditUres. It the fertilizer and seed recommendations, for
the fiscal year 1947-'48'are accepteq., there should be savings by. increased in
digenous produc tion in .the year ,1948-' 49",
.
•
3. There would be savings
f ,"
:;P&.",
if,pric~s
Q
,I,
proved lower and if climatic conditions
,-'.. . • .
SF-·.?!B..,a,
cae
£t
tIS
--'
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304
for the indigenous crops, turned out exceptionally favorable.
4. The Potsdam declaration'resul1iS in Germany having no' consequential over
seas, shipping. If we could effect some temporary operation by German crews of,
say, seventy-five Liberty ships, now laid up, to transport food and raw materials,
all of the expense could be paid by the Germans in marks, except for fuel, and
thus save a very large amount of dollars otherw!se coming from the American and t
British taxpayers. This would probably amount to $40,000,000 per annum.
'
5. A 'further saving ot possibly several'million dol,lars could be made for the
taxpayers if the large American Army return equipment, now being transported at
high ocean rates, were sent home" on the return voyages of these' Liberty ships.
6. There are food surpluses in the control of other nations than ourselves
and the British,. ,They, comprise possible increased catches of, fish in Norwl,\y,
Sweden and Denmark, which otherwise are little likely·to find a market, and some
surpluses possible from the South American states. It would seem to me that some
supplies could well be furnished by these nations, oeingrepaid as indicated be
low, pari passu with the British and ourselves.
7. 'The Germans l6st a considerable part of their deep-sea fishing fleet. .If
more such boats could be found and leased from American surplus small shipping,
the fish supply could be greatly increased •• The fishing grounds in the Baltic,
and North Seas ,are being limited against German fishing. As there are ample sup
plies of fish in these seas, it. seems a pity "that with,this food available, BrItish
and American taxpayers are called upon to furnish food in .substItution for fish'
the Germans could catch for themselves.
'
Fish is particularly needed, as the present diet is sadly lacking in protein
content.
8. A still further saving to British and American taxpayers is possible if
maximum expedition could be made of exports of Germa.n manufacture':. The Joint
Export-Import Agency is doing its best, but. such exports are hampered by the lack
of coal for manufacture; by trading~with-the-enemy acts, and restrictions on free
communication together with limitations' on dealings between buyers and sellers.
The restoration of trade is inevitable, and every day's delay In removing these
barriers'is siJ'!lPlyadding to th~ burden of. our taxpayers for relief that could
otherwise be paid for in goods. No one can say that in her utterly shattered
. state, Germany is a present economic menace to the 'world.
.
Should there be such good fortune c.as to realiz'e all these possibilities, we
could not only increase· the food supply to health levels but.also lessen the .
joint costs by $150,000,000 during the fiscal year 1947-'48.However, as I have
said, I am· convinc,ed that' the larger sum should be provided for.
GERMAN REPAYMENT FOR THESE OUTLAYS
The great sums hitherto spent on relief of the German civilian population
from outside Germ~ny's borders, together with those in the future, should not be
,~n lrrecoverable expenditure to our two governmen·ts.
i have, therefore I urged up'on the Anl'erican and British authorities that I t ·
be announced as a,policy, and stipulated in all peace arrangements, that these ".
expenditures for the relief of the civil population (category "A"), past and .
future, should be made a first charge upon the economy of Germany and repaid from
any future net exports from Germany .before any payments to other natlonsof any
kind.
'
.
'
•
At my instance, all Aliied nations in the first World War agree.d that German
civilian relief expenditures at that. time s~ould 'be repaid from any liquid assets'
�~!
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305
'\
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I
and ranked ahead of any reparation claims. They were so repaid. The grounds
which I advanced at that time are no less valid today. By these relief expendi
tures, we, are rebuilding the economy of the Ge1."man people: so that other payments
can be made by them,•. These costs should be a sort ,of "receiver's certificate."
If this policy be pursued, these appropriations for relief asked, from the Congress
and the Parliament, can become a recoverable expenditure and not a charity loaded
onto our taxpayers. It would seem that a tax upon exports, of some per cent, to
be paid ip dollars after July 1, 194~, might be an effective implementation ot
s,,:ch provision.
ORGANIZATION
'I have mad,e certain reconnnendations to the, joint' military governments of the
two zones as·to organization matters, which I believe will improve administration,
now that bi-zonal operation"under larger German responsibility, has been under
taken.
CONCLUSION
It may come as a great shock·to American taxpayers that, having won the war
over Germany, we are now faced for some years with large expenditures for relief
for these people. Indeed, it is something new in human history for the conqueror
to undertake..
. .
.
•
Whatever the policies might have' been that would have avoided this expense,.
we now are faced with it. And we are faced with it un~il, the export industries
of Germany can be, sufficiently revived to pay for their 'food. The f,irst neces
sity for such a revival is sufficient food upon which to maintain vitality to
work.
'
,
.
,
Entirely aside from any humanitarian feelings for this mass of people, if
we want peace; if we want to preserve the sa1'etyand health of our army of.occu
pation; if we want to save the expense of even larger military forces to preserve
order; if we want to reduce the size and expense of our army of occupation-~I can
see no other course but ,to meet the burdens I have here outlined.
oUr determination ,is to· establish such a reg~e in Germany as, will prevent
forever again the rise of militarism and aggression within these people. But
those who believe in vengeance and the 'punishment of a great mass of Germans not
concerned in the Nazi conspiracy can now have nO,misgivings for all of them--in
food, warmth and shelter--have been sunk to the lowest level known in a hundred
years of Westerp history.
'
, .
If Western civilization is to survive,lnEurope, it must also'survive in
Germany. And it must be built into a co-operative member of that civiliZation.
That, indeed, is the hope .of any las'ting peace. '
Atter all, our flag flies over these people.
sides military power.
That flag me,ana something be
.)
•
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6-cLu..-H-L e:
~ :L} 1Cic.f7.
GOVERNMENT
MILITARY
GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
MILlTXRREGIERUNG DEUTSCHLAND
AMEIuKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
N9. 5
'PROKLAMAll0N NR.·S
(!ROCLAMATION
Economic Council
Wirtschaftsrat
To the German people in the United States Zone, including
An die deutsche Bevolkerung 1m 'amerikanischen Kontroll
Land Bremen: '.
,
, geblet el,nschllefllich' des Landes Bremen:
WHEREAS by an' agreement. qated 29 May 194!"and
Ein Abkomrilen vom 29. Mai 1947, das zwischen den
ade between the Military Governors and 'Commanders-in
MiliUirgouverneuren und Oberbefehlshabem der amerika
~hiet of the United States and British' Zones of Occupa nischen und britischen' Besetzungszonen getroffen' worden
'n provision was made for the establishment of an Eco
ist, sieht .die Einsetzung elnes Wirtschaftsrats, eines Exe
a~~iC Council, an Executive Committee and E~ecutive Di '. kutlvausschusses und den Direktoren vor, um die 'LOsung
n(;tors in order to facilItate the solution of pressmg economIc
dringender wlrtscnaftlicher Probleme und den Aufbau des
reroblems. and the construction of economic life by popularly
Wirtschaftslebens'durch'dem Volke verantwortllche deutsche
Ponlrolled Gennan agencies, .and 'whereas the said agree Stellenzu fordern. Dieses Abkommen wird aIs Anhang "AU
C cnt is published as Appendix' .·~A" to this Proclamation
undals Bestandteil dieser Proklamation veroffentlicht.
which it forms part,
..
Ich, General Lucius 'D. Clay, Kommandierender General
NOW', THEREFORE, I, General Lucius D, Clay,' Com' im europlilschen Befehlsbereich und Militargouvemeur ro. S,).
nJ3.nding General, European Command, and Military Gov
rur DeutSChland, erla:sse daher die folgende Proklamation:
~rnor for. Germany ro. S.), do ,hereby proclaim as follows:
ARTIKEL I
"
. ARTICLE I
Aufgaben deS Wirtscbaftsrats .
Functions of the Economic Counc~l
Innerhalb der amerikanischen Besetzungszone (einschlieB
The' Economic Council shall have power, within the ,United
lich des Landes. Bremen) ist der Wirtschaftsrat ermachtigt:
stales. Zone (including Land Bremen), '
, (1) 'Zur Leitung des: zullissigen wlrtschaftli~hen Wieder~
(1) To direct, the permissible econo~ic reconstruction of
aufbaus der Zone,' vorbehal tlich der Genehmigung de's
the 'Zone, subject to the approval of the 'Bipartite
Bipartite B o a r d ; '
.
Board;
.
(2) ·Zut,. Annahme und Verkiindung· von Gesetzen' be
tre:ftt!nd die Verwaltung von Eisenbahnen, Seehlifen
(2) To adopt and promulgate ordina.nces on the adminis
und Kiistenschiffahrt, Befordertingauf Binnengewas
tration of railways, maritime ports and coastal ship.,
,sem, BlnnenwasserstraBen zwischen den Liitldern,
ping, inland water transport, inter-Land' Inland water
. Nachrlchten- .und Postverkehr; Annahme und Ver
. ways an~ •. communications and postal services;· to
kiindung von Gesetzen, die sich auf Festlegung von
adopt and promulgate ordinances dealing with matters
allgemeinen Grundsatzen beziehen, mehr als ein
of general policy affecting more than 'one Land with
Iland angehen und einen der folge~den Gegenstande
respect to inter-Land highways and highway trans
betreffen: Straflen und StraBenverkehr zwischen den
Landern; Erzeugung, Zuteilung und Verteilung von
port; production, allocation 'and distribution ,of goods,
Waren; Rohstoffen, Gas, Wasser und Elektrizitat; Aus
raw materials, gas, water and electricity; foreign and
lands und' Binnenhaniiel; Preisbildung und Preis
internal trade; price formation and price control; pro
kontrolle; Erzeugung,Einfuhr, Erfassung, Zuteilung
duction, importation,'collection; allocation and distri
und Verteilung von LebensmUteln; offentliches Finanz
bution of' food; public finance, currency, credit, bank !
wesen, Wahrung, Kreditwesen, Bankwesen und Ver
ing and p·roperty control; and civil service manage-I
mogenskontroIle; und Personalverwaltung der zwei-.
ment of bizonal department personnel: and such other
zonal en Abteilungen, und sonstige vom' Bipartite
BO'ard jewells zugewiesene Aufgaben. Die Gesetze
functions as may from time to time be determined ,.
des Wirtschaftsrats bediirfen der Genehmlgung des
by the Bipartite Board. Such ordinances are subject'
Bipartite Board. Die Genehmigung eines Jeden Ge
to the approval of the BIpartIte Board. The approvnl I
setzes seitens des 'Bipartite Board ist durch einen
of the Board to each ordi~ance shall be. indicated by I!
schriftUchen Vermerk des Inhalts zum Ausdruck zu
an indorsement statirig that it has received such
bringen, dafl das Gesetz nach MaBgabe dieses Artikels
approval un.der the terms of this Article. Except .
genehmigt 1st. Es obliegt. den Liindern, Gesetze, die
where these Economic·Council ordinances with Bi
vom Wirtschaftsrat mit Genehmigung des Bipartite
. partite Board approval specifically reserve to the
Board eriassen sind, unverziiglich zur AusfUhrung zu ,
bringen, es sel denn. 'daB die Befugnis, Ausfiihrungs,,:
Economic Counci~ ,or delegate' to' the Executive' Com
bestimmungen zu den Gesetzen zu erlassen,' durch'
mittee or Executive Directors the' power to issue
dlese Gesetze ausdruckl1ch dem Wirtschaftsrat vor
implementing regulations pursuant. to the ordinances"
behalten oder' eine solche Befugnis dem Exekutivaus
the Laender shall promptly implement the ordinances;
sChuB oder den Dlrektoren iibertragen worden ist;
. (3) To adopt and promulgafe,subject to approval as set
. (3) Vorbehaltllch. der Genehmigung, wie oben unter (2)
forth in Para.' (2) above, ordinances allocating to the.
angegeben;' zur Annahme und VerkUndun~ von Ge
setzen, dfe dem Wlrtschaftsrat, dem Exekuhvausschufl
Economic Council, the Executive Committee or the
oder den Dlrektoren die Befugnis Ubertragen, Aus
Executive Directors the power to issue implementing.
ffihrungsbestimmungen zu bestimmten Vorschriften
. regulations under specific existing ,.legislation which
bestehender Gesetzgebung auf den oben unter (2)
is wit~in the fields referred, to in ,Para. (2);
genannten .Gebieten zu erlassen;
,
(4) To delegate such of its powers as may be deemed
(4) Zur Obertragung' von Befugnissen an den Exekutiv
appropriate to the Executive Committee, except for
ausschuB, soweit dies angemessen' erscheint, mit Aus
the power to adopt and' promulgate ordinances set
nahme derBefugnis, die unter (2) oben bezeichneten
forth in Para.. (2) above and the power of appointment
Gesetze zu verkunden und der Befugnis zu Ernennun
set forth in Para. (5) below;
,
. gen gemliB Nr. (5) unten;*)
,
(5) To appoint, from nominations made bY, the' Executive
. (5) Zur' Ernennung von Direktoren· auf Grund der vom
:r
",
.~
*)
1
Berichtlgt: Lt. Brief OMGUS AG 010.6 (LD) v. 23. Juni 1947.
"
I
'I
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�Committee, and to remove,' upon its own motion: the
Executive Directors. To define the functions ':,of the'
Executive' Directors and' their relations In the. Eco
nomic Council, the ExecutiVe 'Committee an(j the'
Laender;
,
(6) To consider' and pass the annual estimates. ot' revenue'
imd expenditure of,the Council and of .us departments.
ARTICLE II
Fimctioris 01 the Executive . Committee ,
The Executive Committee shall have power, within the.
United'States Zone,
(1) To propose and make recommendations on ordinances
for 'adoption by the Economic Council;
(2) To issue implementing regulations within the 'scope
of the authority delegated to the Executive Committee·
by the Ecol)omic Council;
".
(3) To coordinate and supervise· the execution of ordi
nances .and implementing regulations by the Executive
Directors, in accordance with the policies adopted
by the Econor:nic Council.
ARTICLE III·
Functions of Executive Directors
In accordance with the policies 'adopted by the Economic'
Council and under ,the supervision of the Executive Com
.
mittee, the Executive Directors - .
, (1) Shall direct the operation of their respective depart
.ments;
.
(2) May issue implementing regulations;
(3) Will be the chief accol,1nting officers for' their own
departments and, subject to such instructions and
such central financial control as may be approved by
the Economic Council, the financial and accounting
'operation of the agencies shall be; under their general
management and supervision.
ARTICLE IV
Effect of Economic Council Ordinances
Ordinlmces issued by tlie Economic Council' pursuant to
the provisions of Article I of this Proclamation or imple
"menting regulations issued under such ordinances shall. not
be inconsistent with Control CO,unci! legislation, bqt, subject
to this, shall ;be superior to any German enactment, and
shall be binding on all Courts.
\
.
Exekutivausschu13 gemaci1ten VorschHige,
berufung von Direktoren auf Grund eigener In
und zur Abgrenzuilg der Aufgabender DirektoreO
und ihr~s Verhiiltnisses zum,Wirtschaftsrat, zum Exe
kutivausschu13 und zu den Liindern;.
.
.
,(6), Zur Priifung. und Feststellung des jahrliche'n Vor ~~'
anschlages der Einnahmen und Ausgaben des Witt' ,.
schaftsrats und seiner Abteilungen.
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ARTIKEL II
"::1:
1.
Aufgaben des Exekutivausschusses
, Innerhalb der amcrikanischen Besetzungszone ist der Exe.
kutivausschuB ermiichtigt:
(l) Zu Vorschliigen und Empfehlungen fUr Gesctze di!
vom Wirtschaftsrat angenommen werden sollen; ,
(2) Zum ErlaB von Ausfiihrungsbestimmungen im Rahmen
. der Befugl1isse, die vom Wirtschaftsrat auf den
ExekutivausschuB iibertragen worden· sind;
(3) Zur Koordinierung und Uberwachung der .. "#",,,-,.__ •
von Gesetzen und Durchfiihrungsbestimmungen
. die Direktoren, in Ubereinstimmung mit den
Wirtschaftsrat festgelegten Grundsatzen. .
ARTIKEL III
·Aufgaben'der Direktoren
In tl'berelnstimmung mit den vom Vlirts~haftsrat
gelegten Grundsatzen und unter Aufsicht des Exeku
ausschusses'
(I) leiten die Din;ktoren die Tiitigkeit ihrer
(2) konnen' die Direktoren
erlassen;
(3) sind sie die huchsten.Beamten ihrer Abteiiimgen,
deren Finanzgebarung angeht; sie haben, vc,rbehaltlic:1
der von. demWirtschnftsrat gebilligten An'\J"""~"np,,,.
und :z.entralen Finanzkontrolle, die allgemeine Lei
und' Uberwachung der, finanziellen Tiitigkeit und
BtichWhrung'ihrer Dienststellen.
ARTIKEL IV
'Rechtswirkung von .~,eseben des Wirtschaftsrats
'Gesetze, die der Wirtschaftsrat auf Grund der BE~sti.mlnull·1
gen des Artikel I dieser Proklamation erlassen,
AusfUhrungsbestimmungen, die gema13 diesen, Gese
, gangen Sind, diirfen nicht im Widerspruch m:t der
gebung des Kontrollrats stehen, .gehen aber mit'
Einschriinkung deutscher qesetzgebung vor und sind
aUe Gerichte verbindlich.
ARTIKELV
Ubergangsbestimmungen
Sol'lmge der Wirtschaftsrat'durch Gesetze nicht
weitig bestimmt,bleibt die Vercirdnung Nr. 14' der
regie rung, die in Anhang "B" dieser Proklamation
gegeben 1st und hiermit veIlkiindet wird, in der amerikani
Zone in K r a f t . '
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ARTICLE V
Transitional Provisions
Until otherwise provided hy any' ordinance of the Eco
nomic Council, Military Government Ordinance No. 14, set
forth in Appendix "B" to this Proclamation and promulgated
hereWith, shall be in force in the United States Zone.
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ARTICLE VI.
Effective Date
This Proclamation shall come into force on 10 June 1947..
ARTIKEL VI
Inkrafttreten der Proklamatio~
. Diese Proklamation tritt am 10. Juni 1947 in Kraft.
General Lucius D. Clay
,Militiirgouverneur
. Mili tiirregierung 'fUr
Deutschland (United States)
LUCIUS D. CLAY
General, U. S, Army
Commanding General
European Command and
Military Governor for Germllny (U. S.) .
Approved: 2 June 1947.
Appendix "An to Proclamation No.5.
Bestatigt: 2. Juni 1947.
Anha~g
"A" zur .Proklamation Nr.
Agreemcnt for Re,organization of Bizonal Economic
Agencies
Abkommcll tiber Neugestaltung der
Wirtschaftsstellen
Preamble
Pending the creation of administrative and. governmental'
institutions for Germany as. a whole, and. in order to facil
itate the solution of pressing economic problems and the
reconstruction ot economic life bypopular~y controlled Ger
Einleitung
Bis zur Eriichtung von Ver~altungs- und
len fUr ganz Deutschland und urn. die Losung
wirtscl1aftlichen Problemen und den
schaftslebens durch deutsche Stellen mit
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gency actions as you may deem proper, but in any ev~nt, you will report
the facts to the Control Council.
'
52. You will maintain such accoun~ and records as may be necessary
to reSect the financial operations 'of the military government in your
zone and you' will provide the Control Coqncil with such information in
connection with the use of currency by your forces, any governIJlental,
settlements, occupation costs, and other expenditures arising out of opera
tions or activities involving participation of your forceS.
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4. Demilitarization
,
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There should be no relaxation of effort' to complete and effectivdy to
maintain the disarmamept and the demilitarization of Germany.
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Purpose of This Directive
This directive, is~ued to you as Commanding General of the United
Stats:s forces of occupation and as Military Governor in Germany, coo
stitutes a statement' of the objectives of your Government in Germany,
and of the basic policies to which your Government wishes you to give
effect from the present time' forward. It supersedes JCSl067/6 and its
-amendments.
'
2. Authority of. Military Government
a. Your authority as Military Governor will be broadly construed and
empowers you to take action consistent }Vitli rdevant international agree
ments, general foreign policies of this Government and with this directive,
appropriate or desirable to attain your Government's objectives in Ger~
many or to meet military exigencies.
b. Pending arrangements for the effective treatment o~ Germany as'
an economic and political unit. you will exert every effort to achieve eco
nomic unity with other zones.
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I.
II
3. United States Policy toward Germany The basic interest of the United States throughout the-world is just
and lasting peace. Such a peace can be achieved only if conditions of
public order, and prosperity are created in Europe as, a whole. An orderly
and prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable'
and productive Germany as well 'as the necessary restraints to insure that
Germany is not allowed to revive its destructive militarism.
To accomplish the latter purpose the United States Government has
proposed to the oth~r Occupying Powers a treaty, for the continuing dis- '
armament and demilitarization of Germany and it has committed ~tsdf
to maintaining a United States army of occupation as long as foreign
'
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occupation of Germany cOntinues.
As a positive program requiring urgent action the United ,States Gov
, ernment seeks the creation ,of those pOlitical, economiC and moral con
ditions in Germany which will contr:ibute most effectivdy to a stable and
prosperous Europe.
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Directive to Commander:-:in-Chief of U.S. Forces of,
, OcCupation, Regarding the Military Govern
,
ment of Germany, July II, 1947
I
APPENOICES
IV,'
5. United States Political,Obiective.r in Germany
.
It is an objective 6f the United States Government that there should
arise in Germany as rapidly as possible a form of political organization
and a 'manner of political life which, resting on a' substantial, basis' of
economic well-being, will lead to tranquillity within Germany and will
,. contribute, to the spirit of peace among nations.
_ ,
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Your task, therefore, is fundamentally that of helping to lay the eco
I nomic and educational bases of a sound, German democracy, of encour
,aging bona fide de.mocratic efforts and of prohibiting those activities which
1 would jeopardize genuinely democratic developments.
! !J. German Self-Government
"
,
a. You will continue to promote the development in Germany of in;.
stitutions of popular sdf-government and the assumption of direct re
I sponsibility by German governmental 'agencies, assuring them legislative,
judicial and executive powers, consistent with military security and the
l purposes of the occupation.
'
! b. It is the view of your Government that the most constructive' de
:I velopment of German political life would be in the establishment through
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
out Germany of federal German states (Laerider) and the formation of a
central German government with carefully defined and limited powers
and'functions. All powers shall be vested in the Laender except such as
are expressly ddegated to the Central Government.
c. Your Government does not wish to impose its own historically de
veloped forms of. democracy and social organization on. Germany and
believes equally firmly that no other external forms should be imposed~
It seeks the establishment in Germany of a politiCal. organization which
is derived from the people and subject to their control, which operates in
accordance with democratic electoral procedures, and which is dedicated
to uphold both the basic civil and human rights of the individual. It is
opposed to an excessively centralized government which through a con-.
c:entration of power may threaten both the existence of democracy in Ger
many and the security of Germany's neighbors and the rest of the world.
Your Government believes finally that, within the principles stated above,
the ultimate constitutional for~ of German political life should be left
to the decision of the Gorman people made freely in accordance with
democratic processes.
..
7. Interzonal German Administrative Agencies
.
Pending the establishment of central German administrative agencies
and of a central German government, you will continue, consistent with
the objectives of paragraph 6, to make arrangement with other Zonal
Commanders for the creation and operation of· interzonal German ad
, ministrativeagencies. .
"
8. Politic'al Parties I '
a. You will adhere to the policy of authorizing ~nd encouraging all
, political' parties whose programs, activities and structure demonstrate
their allegiance to democratic principles. Political parties shall be com
petitive in character, constituted by voluntary associations of citize!ls in
which the leaders are responsible to ,the members, .and with no party en
joying a privileged status. - .
b. You will likewise give support to the principle that military govern
ment and the German authorities should affordnon-discriminatory treat
ment to duly authorized political parties. Every authorized political party
should have the right freely to state its views an~ to present its candidates
to the' electorate, and you will tolerate no curtailment of nor hindrance
to the exercise of that right; if, however, you find that an autl,lorized part')' .
is adopting or advocating undemocratic practices or ideas, you may re
strict or withdraw its rights and privileges.
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APPENDICES
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c. You will urge in the Control Council the recognition of nation-wide
political parties and the uniform treatment of all authorized parties in all
zones of occupation. You will advocate quadripartite supervision of p0
litical activities and of elections throughout Germany as a whole.
9. Denazification
'
You .will implement in your zone the decisions on denazification taken
April 23, 1947 by the. Council of Foreign Ministers, as may' be agreed
in ACC.
.
. 10. War Crimes '
You will make every effort to facilitate and bring to early completion
the war crimes program subject to the conclusions and recommendations
with respect to organizations and members thereof contained in the judg
ment of the International Military Tribunal.
' .
II. Courts an'd Judicial Procedures
a. You will exercise such supervision over German Courts as is neces
sary to, prevent the revival of National Socialist doctrines, to prohibit
discrimination on, grounds of race, nationality, creed or political belief, .
to enforce the application of the principles expressed in Control Council
Proclamation NO.3 and compliance with the provisions of Control Council
and Military Government legislation. You will foster the independence
of the German judiciary by allowing the courts freedoin' in their inter
pretation and application of the law and by limiting the control measures
instituted by Military Government to the minimum consistent with the
accomplishment of the aims of the occupation.,
,,'
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b. You will maintain sufficient Military Government Courts to try ,
persons aCCused of offenses .involving the safety an~ security of United
States and Allied personneJ and all cases in which the interest of Military
'Government requires such procedure.
.
c. You may extend the jurisdiction of the German courts to all cases
which do not involve the interests of Military Government or 'persons
under the protective care of Military Government. Any German Tribunal
established for the purpose of determining internal restitution claims may
exercise jurisdiction over any person irrespective of his status who in·
stitutesa .proceeding therein.
d. As a basic objective of the occupation is the .reestablishment of the
rule o£lawin Germany, you,will require all agencies under your control
to refrain from arbitrary and oppressive measUres. ExCept when it clearly
appears that detention is necessary for the security of the occupying forces~
no person will be detained except when he is charged with a specific
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
offense and is subject to trial by a duly constituted tribunal. You w~ll
protect the civil rights .of persons detained under charges assuring the~
a fair trial and ample opportunity to prepare their defense. You will by
regulation· limit arrests for security purposes to cases where overriding
considerations of military neCessity require such procedure. Persons so
detained will be permitted to communicate with their nearest relative or
friend unless urgent security considerations require an exception, and
review their cases periodically to determine whether further
you
detention is warranted. When in your' opinion it will be compatible
·with security considerations, you 'will eliminate such· arrests without
·prejudice to a revival of the practice in emergencies. .
. 12. ugislation
.
You will exercise your power of disapproval over' German legislation
only when such legislation conflicts with the legislation or other policies
of Military Government.
13. Movement of Persons
a. You wilHmplem~nt the decisions taken 23 April 1947 by the Council
of ;Foreign Ministers with regard to United Nations displaced persons and
population transfers.
.
b. Y.au will, in cooperatipn with IRa, facilitate the emigration to other
."
cOuntries of those displaced persons unwilling to be r~patriated.
c. Pending the movement of displaced persons you will retain overall
responsibility for their appropriate care, maintenance and protection. You
will utilize the IRa to the maximum possible extent in assisting you to
discharge this responsibility."
. d. The term displaced persons as used above refers to displaced persOns
and refugees as defined inthe IRa Constitution. .
e. You will hold the German authorities responsible for the care and
disposition of nationals of former enemy countries not otherwise provided
for herein and you will co~tinue to facilitate their repatriation.
· t You will require that persons of German extraction who have been
transferred to GermaQY be granted German nationality with full civil 'and
political rights except in cases of recognized disqualifications under Ger
man law. You will take such measures as you may ~eem appropriate to
assist the German authorities in effecting a program of resettlement.
g. You will continue to permit the exchange of Germans seeking per
manent residence between the United States Zone and other zones on. a
. reciprocal basis. You will permit free movement for temporary purposes
will
•
APPENDICES
•
407
to the greatest possible' extent consistent with security considerations and.
with interzonal or quadripartite agreement.
h. You' will continue to receive those Germans whose presence abroad
is deemed by your Government to be contrary to the national interest.
You will· likewise permit the reentry of German and former German
nationals who desire to return permanently but in view of restricted facil.
ities you will give priority to those who are willing and able to contribute
to the peaceful reconstruction of Germany.
i. You will' permit only those Germans to leave Germany who are in··,
. eluded in categories approved. by Allied agreements 9r your Government's
instructions;
.
14. Prisoners of W a r .
.
In: carrying out the dedsion of the Council of Foreign. Ministers of
23 April 1947~ you will press in the Control Council for the earliest pos
sible return of aU German prisoners of war still located in the territories
of the Allied Powers and in all other territories.
.
15. General Economic Oh;ectives
The economic objectives of the United States Government in.Germany
are:
a. to eliminate industry used solely to manufacture and to. reduce
industry. used chiefly to support the productiori of arms, ammunition
and implements of war;
b. to exact from Germany reparation for the losses suffered by United
Nations as a.consequence of German aggression; and
.
; c. to encourage the German people to rebuild a self-supporting State
devoted 'to peaceful purposes, integrated into the economy of Europe.
Although the economic rehabilit:ition of Germany, within the frame
work of these objectives, is the task and responsibility of the' German
people, you should provide them general policy· guidance, assist iii the
development of a balanced foreign trade and ensure that German efforts
are. consistent with, and contribute to the fulfillment of your Government's
objectives.
.
16. Economic Disarmament and Reparation
a. Your Government continues to desire the' general fulfillment of the
principles ofthe Potsdam Agreement regarding reparation and industrial
disarmament. .
b. Your Government believes that the lev,el of industry eventually
agreed upon for Germany as a basis for reparation removals~ while elimi
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409
\ valuable personal' property looted from Nazi victims which is not
Dating excess industrial capa~ity which has been used by Germany for
the purpose of making war, should not permanently limit Germany's
restitutable.
d. It is the policy of your Government that persons and organizations
industrial Capacity. The German people after the period of reparation
, deprived of their property as a result of National Socialist perse<;ution
removals should not be denied the right, consistent with continued dis
1 should either ~ave .their property returned or be cO.m.pensated therefor
armament, to develop their resources for the purpose of achieving higher
i
and that persons who suffered personal damage or lRJury through Na
standards of living.
tional Socialist persecution should receive indemnifica~on in German cur:'
c. Your .Government does' nof agree to' reparation from Germany
rency. With respect to heirless and unclaimed property subject to internal
greater than that provided by the Potsdam Agreement. Nor does your
Government agree to finance the payment of reparation by Germany to . : restitution you will designate appropriate successor organizations.
. 18. Economic Unity and Recovery
other United Nations by'increasing its financial outlay in Germany or by
J a. Your GoveI:nment is desirou~ of securing agreement in the Control
postponing the achievement of a self-sustaining German economy. Your
Council to the treatment of Germany as an economic unit, the formula
Government reaffirms the principle that the proceeds of authorized ex
tion of cpmmon policies in all m,atters affecting Germany as a whole,. and
portsshaU be used in the first place forthe'payment of authorized im
the establishment of central German administrative agencies for the pur
'ports. .
,
pose of implementing such common policies in the fields offinance, trans
d. You will attempt to obtain Control Council recognition of the prin
port, ,communications, agriculture, economics' (including industry and
ciple of Compensation for property taken for reparation or where it has
foreign trade) and such other fields as the Control Council may consider
,been necessary to destroy property under the agreements for eConomic .
necessary an~ appropriate.
. disarmament, such compensation to constitute a charge against the Ger
b. Your Government likewise desires to secure the adoption of a pro
man economy as a whole. Except in prohibited industries, you will en
duction and foreign trade program for Germany as a whole which should .
deavor to ensure, to the gr~test extent practicable, that no plant in which
be directed toward an increasing standard of living in Germany and the '
there is foreign ownership or control is removed for reparation as long
attainment at the earliest. practicable date of a self-sustaining German
as German-owned plants are available for that purpose.
economy. Such' a program should give highest priority to increased pro
e. ,You will continue to assist in the location of cloaked German-owried
.duction of coal, food and export goods; provide for such allocation arid
assets abroad and where possible you will assist in their liquidation.
17. Restitution
.'
',.,
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distribution of German indigenous output and approved imports·through
out Germany. as are necessary to carry out the prod1,lction program and
a. You :will proceed, consistent with agreements on restitution reached
attain the agreed standard of living, ensure full payment for al~oods
in the Control· Council, to restore such identifiable property other' than
gold and transport essential to minimum German economy, to the gov.
and services exported from Germany (other than reparation ·or .restitu-,
tion) in ~pproved imports orin foreign exchange which can be utiliZed
ernment of the country from which it was taken. You will not consent
to any extensive program for the replacement of looted or displaced prop
for the payment of approved imports, arid provide for the pooling ofall
erty which· has been destroyed or cannot be located whenever such re
export proceeds to be made available, first to meet the i.mport <needs of
placement can be accomplished onlY,at the eXPense of reparation, a self
Germany as a whole for such time and in such amount as may hereafter'
sustaining German economy, or. the cultural heritage of the German'
be determined, and secondly to compensate the occupying powers for
, people.
past expenditures pursuant to terms and conditions to be~ established here
. , '
after, priority in ·the latter case being given to payment of costs sustained
. b. You will turn over monetary gold uncovered in Germany to the
Tripartite Gold Commission in Brussels for distribution in accordance
for essential imports in direct proportion to the expenditures made by the
occupying power~.
.
with the terms of the Paris Act on Reparation.
.
c. In accordance with lCS 1570/9, you will make available for the re
c. In cases where the restoration of normal international commercial
relations between Germany and the rest of Europe would involve an in.
habilitation and resettlement of non-repatriable victi~s of German action
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
crease of US dollar expenditures for the government of Germany, or a
delay in the attainment of a self-supporting German economy at an ap
propriate standard of living, funds for German expenditures shall be, in
creased, or the German economy compensated: through provisi~n by the
US of sufficient relief monies, to 'the country or ,countries so benefitted to'
enable them to pay Genitany. You will consult other European countries
and international organizations 'representing such countries in matters of
, German production, and trade mentioned above, and ensure that em
phasis is given, in the selection of items .for export" to goods needed by,
'European countries for their economic recovery ;l.Od rehabilitation insofar
as these countries may provide in payment needed imports for Germany,
.or foreign' exchange which can pay for such imports. Proposed, transac~
,bons of a substantial nature which would lead to a restoration of general
European trade or normal international commercial relations or restore
normal trade exchanges between Germany and other European countries
hut which would not conform to the principles stated in this paragraph
.should be referred to the US GOVT for decision.
d. 'You will support the removal of existi!1g trade barriers and will'
encourage the return of foreign trade to normal trade channels.
, 19. Finance
a. Your government views the reorganization of German finances on a
'SOund basis and the attainment of financial stability in Germany as among
the main factors essential to German economic recovery along democratic
and peaceful lines. To that end, you will en~eavor to have the Control
Council adopt uniform financial policies in conformity with the principles
and the objectives set forth in this directive.
, b. Pending agreement il,l the Control Council, or until receipt of fwther
directive from your government, you will continue to be guided by the
lollowingpolicies in your zone:
"
,
(I) You will control, within the scope of your authority, all financial
transactions of an international character in order to keep Nazi in
fluence out of the field of finance and prevent outward movements of
' .
capital from Germany;
(2) You. will exercise general supervision over German public ex
penditures a,nd measures of taxation in order to insure that. they are
consistent with the objectives of the Military Government;
,
(3) You will take such action as may he necessary to prevent the
establishment of a centralized German banking system and an undue
concentration of financial power, but will encourage the ~stablishment
APPENDICES
4U
of a central authority for the production, issuance and control of cur
rency and for techllical banki~g supervision. You will also encourage
the Germans to reestablish normal banking facilities within the limita
" tion prescribed above and within the present bl.ocking of assets and ac.,
counts under Military Government Law No. 52;
(4) You will use the resources of the German economy to the maXi
mum extent possible in order to reduce expenditures from ?-ppropriated
funds of your government. You are authorized, as provided in the
Potsdam Agreement, to use the proceeds of exports to pay for imports
which you deem essential, subject to strict accounting and auditing ,
pro~edures;
,
,
(5) You will continue to aid economic recovery by collection of full
payment for exports of German goods and s~rvices; and
, (6) You will continue to prevent non:.essential imports.
c. You will press for the adoption by the Control Council of a program
for financial reform which provides for a substantial and appropriate re- '
'~uction in outstanding currency and monetary claims, including public.
and private debt; for the equitable sharing of the costs of war and 'defeat;
and for ancillary measures inclQding adjustments in the wage· price struc.
ture necessary to the restoration of balance. between the financial struc
, ture and the economic realities.
d. (1) You will maintain such accounts and records as may be neces
sary to reOect the financial operations of the Military Government
(U.S.) in Germany, including also such operations undertaken jointly
by you with the Military Government in the British and other zones of
occupation in Germany.
(2) You will take measures necessary- for calculating occupation
costs distinguishing .those now incurred within Germany and~p
ported by the Germany econo"xny, and external occupation costs for
eventual settlement, with Germany. You will endeavor to agree on a·
definition of occupation costs of both types within the Control Council
and to limit and control internal occupation costs on a quadrilateral
basis.
20. AgriCulture
_
a. In accordance with the decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of
Foreign Ministers, you will ensure the carrying out and completion of
land reform in your zone in 1947.,
'
b. You will require the appropriate German: authorities_ to adopt and
Jmplement policies and practices wl~1ch will:'
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Maximize the production and provide for the, effective collection
and distribution of agricultural products.
.
.
c. You will require the appropriate German authorities to adopt arid
implement similar policies and practices in respect to forestry and fishing
resources.
::7.1. Economic Institutions
.a. Pending agreement among the occupying powers you will in your
zone prohibit all cartels and' cartel-like organizations, and effect a dis
persion of ownership and control of German industry. through the disso
lution of such combines, mergers, holding· companies and interlocking
directorates which represent an actual or potential restraint of trade or
may dominate or, substantially influence the policies of· governmental
agencies. You will not, however, prohibit governmental regulation of
.prices or monopolies subject to government regulation, ill fields where
competition is impracticable. ~ In so far as possible, you will ~oordinate
your action in this field with
commanders ofother zones of occupation.
b. You will permit the formation and functioning. of· coperativespro
vided they are voluntary in membership, and are organized along demo
cratic lines and do not engage in activities prohibited under the above
, paragraph.
c. While it is your' duty to give the German people an opportunity to
learn of the principles and advantages of free enterprise, you will refrain
from interfering in the question of· public ownership of enterprises 10
Germany, except to ensure that any choice for or against public ownership
is made freely through the normal processes of democratic government.
No measure of public ownership shall apply to foreign-owned property
unless arrangements which are satisfactory to your Government have been .
made for the compensation of foreign owners. Pending ultimate decision
as to the form and powers of the central. German Government, you will·
permit no publiC ownership measure which would reserve. that owner
','
ship to such central government.
d. Pending agreement among the occupying powers, you will limit
new foreign investment in your zone of Germany and will continue to .
ensUre that all property, however owned, and all production and man"
power in your zone are,subject in all respects to tile decisions and directives
of the Control Council, and to Military Government and German law.
e~ (I) You' will permit the organization, operation, and free develop
ment of trade unions provided that their leaders are responsible to the
membership and their aims and· practices accord with democratic' prin-
the
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413
ciples. Any federation of trade unions shall Hot impair the financial
and organizational autonomy of member unions. You will encourage
the trade unions to support programs of adult education and 'to foster
:an understanding of democratic processes among their members. You
will permit trade unions to act in the interests of their members and to
bargain collectively regarding wages, hours and working conditions
~ithin the framework of such wage and price controls as ·it may be
necessary to maintain.
(2) Trade unions may represent the occupational,economic and
social interests of their members in accordance with the authority con
tained in their constitutions. Their basic functions may include partiCi
pation with appropriate authorities in the establishment and develop
ment of a peaceful economy.
.
f. You will permit the organization and functiQning of work councils
~n a democratic basis for the representation of the interests of employees
in individual enterprises ,and will not prohibit the cooperlltion of trade
..
unions t h e r e w i t h . · · '
g.You will also permit the. establishment of machinery for thevolun
tacy setdement of industrial disputes.1
VI
22. Cultural
Objectives ,
. . .
Your Government holds that the reeducation of the 'German people is
.an integral part of policies intended to help develop a democratic form .
of government and to restore a stable and peaceful economy; it believes
that there should b~ no forcible break in· the cultural unity of Germany,
but recognizes the spiri_tual value of the regional traditions of Germany
. and wishes to foster them; it is convinced that the 'manner and purposes
of the reconstruction of the national German culture have a vital'signifi
cance for the future ·of Germany.
It is, therefore, of the highest importance that you make every effort
to secure maximum coordination between the occupy~ng pOwers ofcul
tural objectives designed to serve the cause of peace. You will encourage
German initiative and responsible participation in this work of cultural
reconstruction and you will expedite. the establishment of the,se interna
tionalcultural relations which will overcome the spiritual isolation im
1 Si~. 'The official copy reads without a division V. Presumably it should !=Orne at the
beginning of the economic section. [Ed.]
. .
i
I'
i
I
.!
./
I
�•
MILI'rARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDICES
posed by National Socialism on Germany and further the assimilation of
the German people into the world comm~nity of nations.
23. Education
a. In recognition of the fact that evil consequences to all free men flow
from the suppression and corruption of truth and that educa~ion. is a pri
mary' means of creating a democratic and peaceful Germany, you will con
tinue to encourage and assist in the development of educational methods,
institutions, programs and materials designed to further the creation of
democratic attitudes and practices through education. You will require .
the German Laender authorities to adopt and execute educational pro
grams .designed to develop a healthy, democratic educational· system which
will offer equal opportunity to aU accordil:!g to their qualifications •.
·b. You will continue to effect the complete elimination of all National
Socialist, militaristic al:!d aggressively nationalistic influences, practices and
teachings from the German educational system.
.
24. Religious Affairs
a. You will, in the United States Area of Occupation, continue td as
sure freedom of religion. You win assure protection of religious activity
.and support these principles in the deliberations of the Control CounciL
b. You -will give freedom to the Germans to decide all questions 'con
-cerning the constitution, the religious activity and the amalgamation of
purely ecclesiastical bodies.·
c. You will continue to take such action as may be necessary to prevent·
the revival of National Socialist and militaristic activity under the cloak
of a religious program or organization.
25. Monuments, Fine Arts, and Arc,hives
a. You will respect, and permit' German authorities to protect and
preserve, the property of. all cultural institutionll dedicated to religion,
-charity, education, the arts and sciences, historic monuments and historic.
.archives, together with their collections and endowments. You will apply
. the same principle to all other property of cultural 'value,- whether pub- .
" lidy or private owned, except for institutions and monuments specifically
·devoted to the perpetuation of National Socialism or to the glorification
. of the German militaristic tradition.
b. You are authorized to make such us~ of German records and archives
.as may be appropriate.
.26. Pubiic Information
a. You will, in the United. States Area of Occupation, supervise, en
.courage and assist in the development by the Germans of media of public .
information designed to advance the political and . cultural objectives'
stated in this directive.'
b. You will arrange through the Allied Control Council for the im
plementation ofthe decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of Foreign
Ministers on the' free exchange. of information and. democratic ideas by
.,
all media in all of Germany.
c. You will develop and maintain organizations and faciljties for ..the:
operation of media of information, including those spOnsored by Military
Government,' ~esigned to further the objectives of your .Government.
27. Reestablishment of International Cultural Relations .
In furtherance of the program of the reorientation of the German people
. and the revival of international cultural relations, you will permit .and as-
-sist the travel into and out of Germany of persons useful for thi!> program
within the availability of your facilities. You will also permit imd assist,.
to the extent of your facilities, the free flow of culturaUnaterials to and!
.. from G~rmany;
,
4IS
I.
Appendix C'
Democtatization of Germany
A .STATEMENT OF POLICY BY miNERAL
. JOSEPH McNARNEY
. . July 9, 1946
In general it may be said that the Laender will be given complete power
to govern themselves.••• The only restrictions irriposedupon them
will be those resulting from:
.
a) The provisions of the Berlin Protocol and subsequent Four Power .
agreements which may be forthcoming from further ministerial meetings.
b) Allied Control Council Laws which are binding upon the whole of
Germany.
c) Democratization and political decentralization. .
d) It is consiaered the Geiman Government will be "democratjzed'"
when the following conditions exist:
I) All political power is recognized as originating with the people
and subject to their control.
. 2) Those who exercise political power are obligated to obtain a man-
"
;
L
,
�
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
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<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
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956181
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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/74b39eee7bd9417fbd1d0a8b35d27138.pdf
f031da6c7a38bcc20be9d7bd83e6d712
PDF Text
Text
0.:.
Li~t ofAppendices for Policy Document
'.'
(lriChronological,Order)
E. O'Connor' ;.
Oct. 15, 1999
17ofv- {~S ~ :2 0L~ILA(Ufe<;
1.
I-
,'~, ~'b~G~4r,' ~
' -The Hague Convention of 1907;
-Summary of Trading with the Enemy' Act;
-'Th,eLondonDeciaration: Jan. 5, 1943;,
.: The,Morgenthau Plan, 1943 "
2.
- Combined Directive for Military Government in Germany Prior to
Qefeat or, Surrender, April 28, 1944;
,
'
- Excerpts from Handbook for Military Governinent concerning ope'rating
procedure and mechanics 9f Property Control, Dec. 20, 1944
3. '
Crimea Conference Communique: Decisions with regard to Germany ,
Feb. 3-11, 1945
'
'
4.
' Draft Directive for Treatmentof Germany, Mar. 10, 1945
M~mor~ndum'Regarding Aineric~ Policy for Treatment of Germany,
'5.
Mar: 23, 1945
' ,
6.
Directive to Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces ofOccupation Regarding
Military Government of Germany; April 28, 1945 (JCS 1067/6)
,7.
Declaration Regarding Defeat ~f Germany'and'Assumption of Supreme
'
,
Authority by Allied Powers, June~, 1?45
8.
American Directive on the Military Government of Austria, June 27, 1945
9.
USFEf Directive to Commanding GenemIs, excerpt, "Blocking and Control
, ' ,of Property," July 7, 1945
\ ,
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Government - Germany;Supreme Commanqe~;~.
14, 1945
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, U.' ' ',- Report on t,he':J.,7.Ii,partl,te Conference of Potsdam, August 2, 1945; ;", 'I,!,
, - Tripartite C<it\f:.~teHce'iat Berlin, Dept. of State Bulletin 13, August ~',:1945;11
~ "A Year offotsdain,"I~xcerpt (unl:iated)
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12.
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Control Counfil Prbc1anjation No.2: Celtflin Additional Requiremerit~Vnpo;sed
. on Germany; Oct 29,
194~
,
'. "
,":?; .' J.
13.
".
'Allied Control COi.lIiCilifw No.5, "Vesting and Marshalling of Gef!!'!.4!! ,Ext~rnal
'_ ,Gl'Assets~'" Oct. 30,4'945 \ - - ,,
.' -,' .' " ' - -
.
..
-. -- - : . .
14.
Allied Control Council Law No.1, Sept. 20, 1945; Law No.2: Oct. 10, 1945;
"Proclamation No.3, Oct. 20,1945; Law No; 4;' Oct. 30, 1945.
~
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�'15.
Dire~tiveon Austria, approved by the State~War-NavyCoordinating
Committee, Nov. 29, 1 9 4 5 "
16.
,Statement on American Economic Policy toward Gennany, Dec. 12, 1945..
-,'
17.
Functions of Allied KommandaturaBerlin, Dec. 21, 1945
18.' Allied Control. Council Definition ,of Restituti()n, Jan. 19, 1946 ~
,
,_
,
1
yt . ,
19.
Final, Act and Annex of the Paris Conference on Reparation, Jan: 27, 1946
20.
JCS Directive on Restitution (to certain countries only), Mar. 16, 1946
21. -Plan of the Allied C~ntroI.Council'for Reparations and the Level of '
-.
_,1,/,- /,
Post-War'Gennan .E;cononjy, Mar. 26, 1~
, - ~ (.s:
'';kllf:> rUfYl./L{JtL~tJ.f!.- rtv/w
t IV ~lfK{jJI'-uw 11,
~2. Agreement oN a Plan for Allocation of a Reparation Share to Non- ,
.
Repatriable Victims of Gennan Action, June 14, 1946 .
'D
23.
Allied Agreement on Control Machinery for Austria, June 28, 1946
.,
. 24.
•
"
ruD
.
.
DemocratIzation of Gennany: A Statement of Policy by General Joseph
McNarney, July 9, 1946
"
.'"
25.
Stuttgart Address by Sec. of State Byrnes, Sept 6, 1946
26.
Memoranda entitled "Strengthening Gennan Civil Administration iIi the U.S.
.
Zone," first item undated; second item dated Sept 30, 1946
27.
The (Herbert) Hoover Report,
28.
Proclamation No.5, Military Government Gennany, U.S. Area of Control,
June 2, 1947
.
29.
Directive to Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces of Occupation, Regarding
the Military Government of Germany, July 11, 1947 (JCS 1779)
30.
Military Government Law '59, November 10, 1947 (includes regs 1 ,- 6)
31.
N.B.: OUT OF CHRON ORDER:
-- Military Government Laws 52 and 53
-- Title 17, "Property Control" .
~r
Feb:2~,
1947
32.' REFERENCE 'ITEM: Cumulativ~ Index ~o Issues A. - N of the Military
Government Gazette, U.S. Zone '
ITEMS STILL NEEDED:
Declaration of Gold Purchases, Feb. 22, 1944
Resolution VI, Bretton Woods, July, 1944
Title 18(Date?)
*ACC Definition of Restitution, March, 1946
Tripartite Gold Commission, Sept 27, 1946
Non-M~tary Gold Directive, Nov. 16, 1946
"
,.
�,
'.
.
A Note on Policy: U.S. Military Occupation of Germany
E. O'Connor/Oct. 18, 1999
,
, Property Policy'was subsumed in the larger category of occupation policy generally;'
and in that sense alone, the controversies surrounding JCS 1067 merit attention. At some
point, we will have to decide whether or not we wantto classify JCS 1067 as official
policy or not as a basis for deciding the propriety of U.S. Military Government actions vis
a-vis Nazi victim property.
,
There are three key i~sues: (i) dissension at top government and military levels at
the time JCS 1067 was developed (particularly across the Secretaries of War, State, and
Treasury); (2) key transfers of op,inion and authority aff~cting policy development and
implementation (e.g., FDR to Truman); and (3) breakdowns between policy and
implementation dating back to the official adoption of JCS 1067 (e.g., Cabinet-level policy
making versus Clay). (For more details on these points, see Ziemke, 1975: 80-96,208- ,
224, and 342-365.) Broader issues affecting policy included interactions with the other
Allied powers (e.g., France's rejection of unity for Germany); domestic considerations in,
the U.S. (Zink, 1957: 90) and concerns about the cost of the Occupation; and the fact that
the U.S. Zone was relatively poor and r~lied on imports (Gimbel, 1968: 20,46, 98). '
Eventually concerns about the Cold War dominated U.S. policymaking (Zink, 1957: 92).
•
'.
, Some historians argue that the U.S., had no occupation policy (i.e.,"a clear-cut and
reasonably well integrated set of plans based on a carefully considered and firmly grounded
policy decided at the highest political level "; Zink, 1947: 201) until Secretary of State
Byrries'sStuttgart address (Sept., 1946) and JCS 1779 (July 11, 1947). Zink calls
,
Byrnes's address "the first statement of American long-range policy in Germany" (Zink,
1947: 202). According to Zink, the U .S.'s major yoncern ,had b~en, winning the war
(203). This is confirmed in accounts of policy formulation at the Presidential level
(Ziemke, 1975: 106;Zink,' 1957: 88~ which iQdicate reluctance tq plan for the long term.
, AlthoughJCS "legally controlled American activities in Germany'fromMay 1945
until the niiddle of 1947" (Zink, 1957: 91), it was protested' from the outset (Gimbel, 1968:
17) and for some historians had no force whatsoever (e.g., Fainsod, 1948; Zink, 1947),
As of April, 1945, FDR no longer backed it (Zink, 1957: 92; see also Ziemke, 1975: 80
96,208-224 and 342-365; also see attached chronology of JCS 1067). Thus, until the
Byrnes speech, there was a major discrepancy between official policy and its administration
(Gimbel, 1968: 1). ,Gimbel (1968, 5) argues that the Potsdam agreement permitted Clay to
interpret JCS 1067 (Clay supports this interpretation; 1950: 19,72; see also Ziemke, 1975:
443 for further ~upport), which had "room for int.erpretation" (Gimbel, 1968: 8) as he saw
'fit,i.e., emphasizing the economic unity. (Clay was also concerned about the work
involved in any rewriting of JCS 1067; Ziemke, 1975: 443). Potsdam "treated Germany as
a single economic unit, by ensuring an equitable distribution of essential commodities
, through central administrations, by establishing central administrations and common
policies to replace the region"l autonomy of JCS 1067, and by linking reparations to the
requirement that GefI11any be permitted sufficient resources to subsist without external
assistance" (Gimbet 1968: 16). According to Ziemke, US. occupation policy went "fuU
, circle" in moving from FM 27-5 (see attached notes) to·JCs. 1067 and then to Byrnes and
JCS 1779 (Ziemke, 1975: 443). Holborn (1947: 71) confirms this view in his description
of the Byrnes address as the moment when Potsdam became official~y implemented .
. The thrust for economic unity, made impossible at the Allied level due to '
, disagreements with France, and with the Soviet Union, motivated Clay to, establish the
, Laenderrat and the Bizonal agreement with Great Britain (Gimbel, J 968: 44). These moves'
had significant implications for property policy and implementation.,
�•
(l PaLLA
Lu.£,tLLS.
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'c.f qSD',. . ,
.' References
)
(A
"'" 1_/
1f1 ~rn.a..JLld·' ,I'L,! :DvVL¥/UL~'
A
,
Fainsod, Merle.· (1948). "The Development of American Military Government Policy
during World. War II." In Friedrich, Carl.J., and Associates. American
Experiences in Military Government in World War II. New York: Rinehart
and Co.
.
.
"
Gimbel, John. (1968). The American Occupation of Germany: . Politics and the
Military, 1945-1949. Stanford: Stanford. University Press~
Holborn, Hajo. (1947). American Military Goverhment:. Its Organization and Policies.
Washington: Infantry Journal Press .
.ziemke, Earl F. (1975). The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany 1944-1946.
.
.
.
Washington: Center of Military History. ,
..:fLink, Harold. (1957). The United States in Germany 1944-1955. Princeton:
D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
•
Zink, Harold. (1947).
Macmillan.
A~erican Military Government in Germany.
New York: .
�•
",
Note on Genesis of JCS 1067
E. O'Connor, Oct. 19, 1999
The main sources used in this note are Ziemke, 1975 and Dam; 1957 (see last page
forfuU cites). This is intended as an informal note ~nly.
.
. '
,
,
.
'
,
.
'
The Hunt report (Zi~mke, 1975: 3), based on.D .S. military occupation' experience
in World War I, recognized that the administration of occupied territory was a part of war
and that the Army had to develop competence in civil administration. '
FM 27-5 (Field Manual of Military Government, 1940) prescribed 'a military
government was "just, humane, and as mild as practicable." The objective was to "obtain
enduring peace and convert former enemies into friends" (Ziemke, 1975: 21). However,a
Dec. 22, 1943 revision of the handbook no longer stated conversion of enemies into
friends as an objective ofmilitary government (MG) but "predicted that properly conducted
MG could 'minimize belligeren~y, obtain cooperation, and achieve favorable influence on
the present and future attitude toward the U.S. and its allies'" (Ziemke, 1975: 85).
However, the version stiUinsistedon"'just and reasonable' treatment of civilians and
.
prompt rehabilitation of econori::ries" (Ziemke, 1975: 8.5).
•
According to Ziemke, based on the Hunt Report, FM 27-5, and the schools
(especially Charlottesville), American military officers "had a remarkably homogeneous
outlook" on fund<:!-mental philosophy and policy o~ military occupation (Ziemke, 1975:84).
.
,"
,
"
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"
A directive entitled CCS (Combined Chiefs of Staff) 551 had bee~ drafted in April
, and May, 1944~' The CCS represented combined chiefs of staff of the U.S. and Britain. ,
This document w'as, however, restricted, to the pre-surrender period (Ziemke, 1975:85); in
addition, it assumed "an intact surrender" (Ziemke, 1975: loo-IOI). There was an
economic provision giving Eisenhower control over German,industry, a provision of
which was "to make goods available for restitution and reparations" (Ziemke, 1975: 60).
There was also a political guide sent with the directive, stating that MG was to be
'''firm ... at the same time just and humane with regar:d to the civilian population,as far as
consistent with strict military requirements'," (Ziemke, 1975:·59). The purposes were to be'
"to assist continuing military operations, to.destroy nazism and fascism, to maintain law
and order, and to restore normal conditions in.the population as soon as possiblj!" (Ziemke,
1975: 59).
'
The most influential document in the preparation of JCS.l067 (with the possible
exception ofthe'Morgenthau Plan) waS the Military Government Handbook. Handbooks'
had been prepared before (e.g., the Allied MG of Sicily and Italy, AMGOT, had prepared
one, as others had been prepared for liberated countries of Northwestern Europe. These
handbooks typicaU y went straight to the military detachments. The main idea of the ,
, Handbook was that it would contain the basic inf9rrriation that any military officer would
need to know in the field. In this case, a SHAEF planning unit, entitled the German
.Country Unit, was cbarged with civil affairs responsibilities iIi Germany. From May to
September of 1944, the GCU was drafting its Military Gov,ernment Handbook. But this
particular one "made an unscheduled detour through the White House" (Ziemke, 1975: 83).
•
The first draft of the Handbook was' completed on June 15, 1944. It contained
descriptions of probable conditions in Geimany and the organizations and operations of
MG. The ~'heart" was a chapter each on the 12 primary civil affairs: MG functions such as
food, finance, etc. Then, for functional specialists, each chapter was expanded upon and
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issued separately as, a manual. Finally, sample report fonns and other basic infonnati on' ,
were included (the Supreme .commander's proclamation, ordinances, and, laws). The
proclamation declared Eisenhower as the Supreme Commander, SHAEF and stated his
assumption of supreme legislative,judicial and executive power in the occupied territory.
The ordinances were as follows: (1) A statement of 19 crimes against Allied Forces
punishable by death; (2) The establishment of the MG courts; and (3) The establishment of
English as the official language of the MG. There were two categories of laws: Those
necessary to establish and maintain MG control; and those dealing with National Socialism. ,
(For further infonnatio'n,see Ziemke, 1975: 83-96).
'
In the meantime, on August 15, 1944, the Civil Affairs Division (reporting directly
, to the Secretary 'of War and responsi'ble for coordinating, for the War Dept., all actions of
civilian agencies in the theaters of operations; its job was to plan for civil affairs) proposed
a post surrender directive,instructing Eisenhower to maintain a "finn,just and humane,"
administration (Ziemke, 1975: 85). ,
In early August, 1944, Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau "chanced" to read "a
State Department paper dealing with postwar policy for Gennany, and he was filled with
misgivings" (Ziemke, 1975: 86). He obtained a copy of the Handbook. Morgenthau had
, vehement objections particularly concerning the passages relating to economic rehabilitation
(Ziemke, 1975: 8(5). He raised these objections to FOR, and evidently FOR-agreed with
him. The Handbook was ordered suspended a~d recalled (Ziemke, 1975: 87).
•
The job of rewriting the Handbook went to G-5, SHAEF (the GCU had by now
ceased to exist). A hasty revision"acknowledging the temporary nature of the document
and even including a number of blank pages, was put forth (Ziemke; 1975: 88). Three
main principles were set forth: (1) No steps would be taken towards the economic
rehabilitation of Gennany except those immediately necessary to support military ,
occupation; (2) No relief supplies would be imported or distributed beyond the minimm
n~cessary to prevent disease and such disorder as would impede military operations; and
(3) No active Nazis or ardent sympathizers would be retained in office for the purposes of
'administrative convenience or expediency. Finally, the Nazi party was dissolved. There
were also attempts to.reconcile the version with British criticisms (Ziemke, 1975: 88':'89).
, "As a result, the first sentence ... ordered military.government.to do nothing to support the
Gennan economy and the,second ordered it to require the Gennan authorities to continue
, the controls that had sustained the' economy through the war" (Ziemke"1975: 89). Another
"
.
thorny issue concerne4 denazification policy (Ziemke, 1975: 90). .
In the meantime, the post-surrender dir~ctive was deemed probl~matic becaus~ an
, . "intact surrender" seemed increasingly unlikely; instead, an "altogether different ending to,
the war, one which might leave Germany a totally burned-out wreck" (Ziemke, 1975: 1(0)
was anticipated. In late August, 1944, Eisenhower asked to be relieved of economic
responsibilities assigned to him under CCS 551. This caused problemsJor the British
(Ziemke, 1975: 101). But the War Dept. decided that a post~urrender directive was
imperative--also because ofthe "handbook controversy." Debates among the War, State
and Treasury departments rekindled in early September, 1944~' The President fonned a
"Cabinet Committee on Gennany" consisting of the three Secretaries. The War Department
objected to the Morgenthau plan of "pastoralizing.and 'partitioning" Gennany (Ziemke,
1975: 102). Stimson opposed Morgenthau. But Morgenthau prevailed in Quebec
(Ziemke, 1975: 103-104). On September 22,1944, the three Secretaries completed JCS
1067. It was seen as strictly a'short tenn document (Ziemke, 1975: 104;.Foreign Relations
,ofthe United States, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945: 143). It bore the Morgenthau
imprint (Ziemke, 1975: )04; Dorn, 1957). (Dorn called it "largely a Treasury document":
494; Ziemke takes issue with this statement.) According to Ziemke, with JCS 1067, the
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War Department was "not maIq~g theArmy the instrument fOr achieving the long-range' .
aims of the Morgenthau Pian, but merely taking from Eisenhower the responsibility during
the initial occupation period for preventing an economic collapse, which Eisenhower ,
believed was inevitable" (Ziemke, 1975: 105). The Directive received JCS approval on
September 24, 1944. Nonetheless Ziemke calls ita "half hearted." agreement. He notes'
dissension and objections across,the Departments--infringement by War and Treasury on
State's policymaking function; the intrusion of the State Department into the authority of
Zone O:;>manders (Ziemke, 1975: 208). '
, '
Three days later, FDRcalled Stimson to say that he did' not really intend to make'
Germany an agricultural nation. In early October, he told Stimson he was "'staggered' to
learn that a passage about agriculturalization and pastoralization was in the agreement that
he had initialed with Churchill at Quebec (Ziemke, 1975: 106).
On December I, 1944, Edward R. Stettinius succeed~d Cordell, HuH as Secretary of
State.
On January 13, 1945,JCS.1067 was submitted for tripartite adoption at tlw
European Advisory Commission levCl, but itwasnot accepted. Thereafter, it remained
strictly a U.S. document.
'
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On March 10, 1945, Stettinius sent FDR a State Department braft Dire~tive for
Germany, citing his responsibility for the conclusions reached at Yalta. On March 13,
FDR approved the document (FRUS, 1945, v. III, p. 433). On March 14, the SWNCC
discussed the possible rewriting of JCS 1067 iIllight of the new Directive (the War Dept. .
wanted Zone Commander latitude). But the March 10 Directi ve stated that the authority of
the Con~ol Council was to be paramount throughout Germany. (The September version
responded to Eisenhower's fears about having to hold up the German'economy; it made
Germans responsible for price controls, food distribution, employment, production,
reconstruction, housing, transport, etc.) But the March 10 Directive made economic
controls a responsibility of the occupying authorities arid assigned power to formulate
policy to the Control Council. Stettinius wanted to establish all informal policy committee
on Germany under.the chairmanship of'the Dept. of State and-including representatives of
the War, Navy,Treasury and the Foreign Economic Administration.
,
. ',On'March 15, Stettinius met with Stimson, Morgenthau, Asst. Sec. of Navy
Hensel, and Asst. to Foreign Economic Advisor Henry Fowler. They named
representatives tothe Informal Policy Committee on Germany (lPCOG). The Chair was
Asst. Sec. of State for Economic Affairs,.~illiam E:Crayton',
On March 16, Stimson rold FOR that the ZOne Commander needed complete
residual authority'in matters thatthe Control Council did not handle centrally.
r
On March 20, Morgenthau objected to ihis idea. Stimson went to FOR. FOR told
hinm that he did rioiremember the State Department directi ve (of March 10) and that to his
knowledge he had not read it. On March 22, FOR said that the March 10 directive had to
,
be rewritten. He wanted some h:!vel of central adininistration; he also wanted some
deindustnalizatioll but he did not want to elimina~ German heavy industry. He also said
that QuebeC was a mistake, and he blamed Churchill for using the word "pastoral," which
FOR said was not a word he would have used (Ziemke; 1975: 212) .
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o.n March 23, IPCOG ~et and gave authority to the Control Council but stated that
policies were to be carried out by the Zone Commanders. OtherWise Zone Commanders
were to decide on matters affecting their own zones an~ in accordan<?e with directives of
their respective governments.
"
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This Directive went to the Ambassador in London the< next day with an explanation
that it sgperseded the March 10 Directive. "JCS 1067...wentto IPCOG to be rewritten as
IPCOG 1 and [became] the directive to the U.S. Commander in Germany" (Ziemke, 1975:
214). The final version was less clear than the March 23 version concerning the role of the
Zone Commanders in maintaining controls--but it was not entirely eliminated either, as
Treasury had wanted (Ziemke, 1975: 214).
On April 12, 1945, Harry Truman succeeded FDR as president. Truman did not
support Morgenthau and wanted to administer Germany as an economic unit (Ziemke,
1975: 342). Morgenthau resigned in July, 194.5 when Truman did not il,1vite him to
Potsdam.'
. <.'
..
The JCS amended the directive to allow Eisenhower to continue the production of
synthetic rubber and oil, aluminum, and magnesium to meet the needs of the occupying
forces.. Tillman stated that he disagreed with Morgenthau on fundamental issues
concerning Germaniildustry. On May 14, approved by Truman and with the JCS
amendment, the directive went to Eisenhower as JCS 1067/R
Truman did not support Morgenthau .. He wanted to administer Germany as an
economic unit (Ziemke, 1975: 342). :.Morgenthau resigned in July, 1945 when Truman
made it clear that Morgenthau would notgo to Potsdam.
•
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..
..)
Works Cited ,
(':f q J 7J . ' ,
. ' , .
-_. f.
De.US.lWl u~ ~( tflCLIl1.1 .
n f. :.DOiL!:?·UcLa-t.r .
. Dorn, Walter L. 0'957). liThe Debate over American Occupation Policy in Germany in
.1944-1945." Political Science Quarterly, Vol.'LXXII, No.4: 481-501.'
Qfl1A. / L /kUULJ
4
:Zi'emke"Earl F:. (1975). The U.s. Army in the Occupation of Germany, 1944-1946.
. .
. Washington: Center of Military History.
V C.r.. , I D lf7 !1 tL" J/1 tl'!.f-- /-illn fjU-; cU /,
. ~,.CoJ.1Lol
/.A..Lh'mCL.fC...- fYfa/-eJifllilL ~. j?oV 'CUJ
~fVJL.!LfJr I( CU1
( f' 17 ),
•
.
1/
�•
Bibliography: Policy Document Full Cites
(f op pps. list author and date only)
Department of State PUblication 3556 (1950). Germany 1947-1949, The
,Story in Documents. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Europe'an and British Commonwealth Series '9. '
Friedrich,Carl J.,and Associates. (1948). American Experiences in
Military Governmeritin World War II. New York: Rinehart and
Co.
" Gimbel, John (l968)~, The American Occupation of Germany: Politics
and the Military, 1945-1949. Stanford: StanfordUniversity Press.
Hotborn, Hajo. (1947). American Military Government: Its Organiiation
and Policies. Washington:' Infantry Journal Pre~s.
•
"Kurtz, Michael. '{1997}; ';The End of the \Var and the Occupatio~ of
Germany, 1944-52. Laws and Conventions Enacted toCouriter
'German Appro.priations: The' Allied Control Council." In
Simpson, Elizabcth, cd. The Spoils of War:- ,Wofld \Var II and
Its Aftermath: Thc Loss, Rcappcarancc:, and Recovery of '
Cultural Property. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Pp.
112-t16.
.
, '
Kurtz, Michael. (1985). Nazi Contraband: American Policy on the
Return of European Cultural Treasures, 1945-1955. ,New York:
Garland Publishing.
'
. Pollock,James K., and Meisel, James H. (1947). Germany under,
Occupation: Illustrative Materials and Documents. Ann Arbor:,'
George WahrPublishing Co." "
,
.
,
Ruhm von Oppen, Beate (ed). (1955). Documents on Germany under;
Occupation, 1945-1954. London: Oxford University Press.
•
" Simpson, Elizabeth (ed). (1997). The'Spoils of War: World War II and
Its' Aftermath: The Loss, Reappearance, arid Recovery of Cultural
Prope'rty. New York: Harry N;Abrams, Inc'. ,
'
�,.
staff of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the Department of
State: A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic'Documents,',
1941-49. Prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations. Senate, Document ,No. 123, 81st Congr~ss, 1st'
session.
Ziemke, Earl F. (1975). The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany
]944~]946. Washington: Center of Military History.,
Zink, Harold. (1957). The United States in Germany 1944-] 955.
, Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
" '
Zink, Harold. (1947). American Military Government in Germany.
New York: Macmillan.
"
,
(Also: The Foreign Relations of the United States series i,s a key source
also; year and volume numbers are indicated at the top of each page.)
'.
�VV\J1m db i 7 0 ~
C~c£A)') f> «J t~ )
'~ [JJY1
278- aPPENDICES
,
Appendix 3
Contracting Powers, and then only
to the Convention, '
CONVENTION RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS'
OF WAR ON LAND*
, Also known as the "Hague Convention of 1907"
(Preamble; Convention; Annex, Section 2, Chapter I:
Articles 27-28, and Section 3: Articles 46-47,53,55-56)
Article 3
A belligerent party which violates the provisions ofthe said Regula
tions shall. if the case demands. be liable to pay compensation. It ,
shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons forming part
"
"
of its armed forces.
Article 4
~igned flt The Hague, October 18, 1907; entry into jorce,
JanUary 26, 1910
, "
,
The present Convention. duly ratified, shall as between the Contracting
Powers .. be substituted for the Convention of the 29th July. 1899.
respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land.
The Convention of 1.899 remains in force as between the Powers
which signe~ it. and which do not also ratify the pres~nt Convention,
(List of Contracting Parties)
"
••
Seeing that. while seeking means to preserve peace and prevent'
armed conflicts between nations, it is likewise necessary to bear in
mind the case where the appeal to arms has been brought about by
. events which their care was unable to' avert;'"
, "
Animated by the desire to serve.e~en in this extreme 'c~se. the
interests of humanity and the ever progressive needs of civilization;
Thinking it important. with this object. to revise the general laws
and customs of war. either with a view to defining them with greater
precision or to confining them with,n such limits as would mitigate
their severity as far as possible;
,,
Have deemed it necessary, to complete and explain in certain
particulars the work oftile First Peace Conference. which. following
onthe Brussels Conference of 1874. and inspired by the ideas
dictated by a wjse and geperous forethought: adopted provisions
intended to define and govern the usages of war on land,
According to the views of the High Contracting Parties. these
provisions. the wording of which has been inspired by the desire to
diminish the evils of war. as far as military requirements permit. are'
intended to serve as a general rule of conduct.for the belligerents
in their mutual relations and in their relations with the inhabitants,
It has not.'howev~r. been found possible at present to concert
regulations covering all the circumstances which arise in practice;
On the other hand, the High Contracting Parties dearly do not'
intend that'unforeseen cases should. in the absence of a written
undertaking, be left to t'he~rbitrary judgment of military commanders.
Until a·more complete code bf the laws of war has been issued,
the High Contracting Parties deem it expedient to declare that. in
case~ not included in the Regulations adopted by them. the inhabitants
and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rule
the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages
established among civilized peoples. from the laws ofhumanity, and,
the dictates of the public copscience.
They declare that it is in this sense especially that Articles '1 and 2
of the Regulations adopted must be understood.
The High Contracting Parties. wishing to conclude a fresh Conven-'
tion to this effect. have appointed the following as their Plenipotentiaries: '
of'
(Here follow
the'na~s
of Plenipotentiaries)
",
Who. after having deposited their full powers, found in good arid due
form. have agreed upon the following:
'
:.
•
i'f all the belligerents are parties
Article I
_
'
The Contracting Powers shall issue instructions to' their armed land
forces which shall be in conformity with the Regulations respecting
the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to the present
Convention,
'
,
Article 5
The present Convention shall be ratified as spon as possihle,
The ratifications shall he deposited at The Hague .
The first deposit of ratifications,sryall be recorded ina proces-l'erbal
,
signed by the Representatives of thc Powers which take part therein
and by the Netherland Minister for Foreign Affairs.
The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made bv'means
of a written'notification. addressed to the Netherland Co\'er~ment ,
and accompanied by the instrument of ratification,
A duly certified copy of the proces-verbal relative to the first deposit
of ratifications. of the notifications mentioned in the preceding para·
,graph. as well as 'of the instruments of ratification. shall be immediatelv
sent by the Netherland Government, through the diplomatiC channel.
to the Powers invited to the Second Peace Conference. as well as to'
, the other Power's which have adhered to the Convention, In the cases'
contemplated in the preceding paragraph the said Government shall
at the same time inform them of the date on which it received the
notification.
'
Article 6
.NoncSignatory Powers may adhere to the present Convention,
The Power which desires to adhere notifies in writing its intention
to the Netherland Government r forwarding to it the actor adhesion,
which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government.
This Gove~nment shall at once transmit to rill the other Powers a
'duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of ~dhesion.
mentioning the date on which it received the notification.
Article 7
"
,"
The present Convention shall c~me into force, in the case of the
Powers which were a party to the first depOSit of ratifications, sixty
days after the date of the proces-verbal of this deposit, and. in the case
of the Powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere. sixty days
after the notification of their ratification or of their adhesion has been
received byth~ Netherland Government.
Article 8
, In the event of one of the Cpntracting Powers wishing to d~nounce
the present Convention. the denunciation shall be notified in writing
to the Netherland Government, which shall at once communicate a
duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers, informing
,them of the date on which it was received,
The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying
Power, and one year after the notification has reached the Netherland
Government.
Article 9
Article 2
The provisions contained in the Regulations referred to in Micle I.
as well as in the present Convention, do not apply except between
A register kept by the N:therland Ministry for Foreign Affairs shall
give the date of the deposit of ratifications made in virtue of Article S.
paragraphs 3 and 4. as well as the date on which the notifications of
�, APPENDICES· 179,
adhesion (Articl~ 6, paragraph 2) or of denunciation (Article 8,
paragraph I) were received.
sach Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register
and to be supplied with duly certified extracts.
.
•
In Faith ",hereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their
t~ the present Convention.
'
signature~
Done at The Hague, the 18th October, 1·907, in a single copy, which
shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherland Government,
and duly certil1ed copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic
channel, to the Powers which have heen invited to the Second' Peace
ConFerence',
[The follo~ving states signed the convention October 18:'I'907:J
•
Argentina
Austria-Hungary (Hes,)'1
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
13ulgaria
Chile
'
Colombia
Hepublic of Cuba
Denmark
Dominican .Hepublic
Ecuador
,EI Salvador
France
Germany (Hes,)
Great Britain
Greece
Cuatemala
Haiti·
Italy
Japan Oks,)
Luxembourg
Mexico
IVlontenegro (Res.)
The Netherlands
Norway
Panama
Paraguay
Persia
Peru
Portugal
Romania
Hussia (Hes,)
Serbia
Siam
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey (Res,)
United States of America
Uruguay
VeneZllela
,Article 47
Pillageis formally forbidden,
Article 53
An army of occupation can only takt; poss'ession of cash, funds, and
realizable securities which are strictly the property of the State.
depots of arms, means of transport, stores 'and supplies, and.
generally, all movable property belonging to the State which may be
, used for military operations.
'
.
,
All appliances, whether on land, at sea, o~ in the'air, adapted for
the transmission of news, or for the transport of persons or things,
exclusive of cases governed by naval law, depots of anns, and.
generally, all kinds of ammunition of war, may be seized, even if they
belong to private' individuals, Qut must be restored and compensation
fixed when peace is made.
'
Article 55
The occupying State shall be regarded orily as administrator and
usufructuary of pub,lie buildings, real estate, forests, and agricultural
estates belonging to the hostile State. and situated in the occupied
country. It must safeguard the capital, of these properties, and
admiriister them in accordance with the rules of usufruct.
" Article 56
The property of municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religio~,
charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when Stale property,
shall be treated as private property.
All seizure of, destruction or wilful damage done to institutions of
, this characte'r, historic monume~ts. works of art and science. is for
bidden, and should be ~ade the subject of legal proceedings,
• Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land.
Oct. 18. 1907.36 Stat. 2277: I Bevans 631,
I. "Res," refers to states that signed under reservations,
ANNEX TO THE CONVENTION
REGULATIONS RE,SPECTING THE .LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF
WAR ON LAND
Section 2. Hostilities
Chapter I. Means of Injuring the Enemy. Sieges. and
Bombardments
;\rticle 2 7 ,
.
In sieges and bombardments all necessary steps must be take~ to
spare, as far as possible, buildings dedicated to religion, art, science,.
or L'haritable purposes, historic monUlllents, hospitals, and places
where the sick and wounded are collected. provided tliey are not'being
used at the time for military purposes.
It is the du'ty,of the besieged to indicate the presence of such
huildings or pbees by distinctive and \'isible signs, which shall,
be notified to the enemy berorehand,
/\rticle 2il
The pillage of a,town or place, even when taken by assault. 'is prohibited,
,
Section 3. Military Authority over the Territory of the Hostile State
e
,
'
\rticle 46
"
,
:amily honour and rights, the lives of persons, and private property,
as well as religious convictions and practice, must be respected,.
Private property can'not be confiscated,
'
�448
•
REIG~ RE~ATIONS,
1943, VOLUME I
change could be made. It was accordingly decided that only the text
of the declaration should be released here and that no publication
should be made by this Government of the note..
. .
Please advise the appropriate official of the Foreign Office in the
sense of the foregoing, explaiIiing that this Government naturally
does not consider itself, bound by the interpretative note. While we .
"assume the language referred to was the result merely of inadvertence,
we wish to be sure that there be no misunderstanding as to this.
<Governme~t's position.
•
.ACTS OF
U-{~~--'l
DI~-~):
time comes after victory to implement the declaration there. will be .
.,
a recognized go.vernment of France.
MA'rI'HEWB
1",
740.001ia European War 1939/1006
inter-Allied. DeclaratiOn Against Act80/ Dispo8session 0011vmitted
in Territorie8 Undt?r Enemy .occupation or Oontrol: Interim Report
, o/Inter-Allied SUb-Oommittee ot E:bperts in
HULL.
'.
.
[Extract] ,
'
·PART II.---Su:~U[ARY OF THE LEOISLATION ,OF EACH COUNTRY
'140.00113 European War 1939/784 : Telegram
The o.harge in the United Kingdom (Matthew8) to the
Secretary 0/ State' '
,
March 12, 1943-2 p. m.
,.
. [Received March 12-1 p. m.]
1760. Department's 860, Feb~ual'Y 8, 9p. m. The a,ppropriate offi
cial of the Foreign Office (Ward) 19 has been informed of the substa.nce
of the above ieiegrnm and it was made clear that the United States
Government does not consider itself bound by the explanatory memo.
randum for the guidance of press and radio on the declaration on
property transfers in enemy-dominated countries.
In in,formal conversation he .explained that the change in p~u~tgraph
I) of the eXplanatory mem<?randum on the declaration on transfers of
property in enemy-domina.ted territories was made to avoid giving
'the impression that the French National Committee were recognized '
as a' government. He emphasized that the operative instrument in
relation to commitments for the parties concerned is the declaration
itself and not the explanatory memorandum. The status of the latter
'
is only that ofa communique to the press and public.,
The Foreign Office official said that the reference in paragmph 5
of the explanatory memorandum to ~he parties being "mutually.,
pledged to assist one another: as may be.required" arose out of the last
paragraph of the declaration itself. The origin of that paragraph
was explained in section (1) of Embassy's 5422, September 29,20 in
the pa.ragraph immediately following the text of the declaration.
While expressing regret that any thing 'in the explanatory memo
randum may have created embarrassment for the Department, the
Foreign Office offic~alexpressed confidence that difficulties would· not
be likely to arise in practice, since' it may be hoped that when the
LolWON ;
1.
Joh!! G. Ward, A.ctIng First Secretary, British Foreign Office.
III
Foreiqn RelaUom, 1942, voL
I,
.
p. 77.,
'
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..
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
l.By Section 5(b) of its .Trading with .theEnemy Act as
amended 22-:,.
. . Power is conferred on the President of the United StateS during
time of war or national emergency to investiga~ regulate, direct and
compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit any transfer or dealing
whiCh involves any proPerty in whichany foreign country or national
thereof has an interest j he. may exercise these powers with respect to "
any trap.sfer or dealing wher~ver ~ffected, which involves any prop
ertyor any person subject to the jurisdictIon of the United States.
The President is empowered to vest any property or interest of any
foreign n~tional or country. Autl}orityis COl!ferred upon the Presi
dent to define all of the terms employed in said section.
, These powers of the President have been made available by dele
gation to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Alien Property
Custodian.
2.' General Ruling No. 12, issued by the United States Treasury
Department 23 under the authority of the said' Act, provides that,
except as licensed by the Treasury.
,Any transfer; effected after freezing control was extended to a
country, of property ina "blocked account" of that country'or of any
national thereof, is n1Jll and void.
The word "transfer" includes, with certain exceptions, any acts or
transactions effected outside· as well as in t.he United States which
may c~nvey or surrender any right or power with respect to prop
11 Copy transmitted to the Department by the Ambassador in the,Uliited Klng-'
dom in bis despatcb ~·o. 10401, July 29; recel\'ed August 5.
.,
.. Act of October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 415) as amended by Title III of the First
War Powers Act, 1941; 55 Stat. 838.
,
.. Treasury Department,· Document. Perlatmng to Foreign; Funds Control,
March 30, 1944, p. 86.
�:450
. eOREIGN RELATIONS, 1943, VOLUME I
erty. The expression "property" in General Ruling No. 12 includes,
in general, m~mey; 'bullion, sec.urities, financial instrumcmts, .book
debts and written contracts, but not as a rule real property or chattels.
The exclusion in general of real property or chattels does not neces
sarily mean that the United States Government considers such trans
fers to 00 valid; such exclusion merely means that' no formal state~
ment with respect to the invalidity of such transfer has been issued.
3. Pursuant to powers contained in the said Act,' freezing control
is applied mainly under Executive Order 8389 as amended 24 and
regulations issued thereunder. The freezing orders, in 'general, pro
. hibit the following transactions if they involye any "blocked" country
. or national thereof or any property in which any "blocked" country
or national thereof has an interest or any, payment' or transfer ex
pressed in terms of the currency of such country: all transfers of
credit, or payment's involving banking ~nstitutions 'within the Urtited
,States; all foreign exchange transactions; all dealings in securities
(including securities physically situated outside the United States);
all expo~ from the United States or earmarking within the Uilited
States of gold or silver, coin,bulIion; or.currency.' The term "bank- '
ing institution" is so broadly defined as to include anyone holdi~
a credit for another as a direct or incidental part of his business.
Any transaction prohibited by the freezing orders'may be licensed
by the T r e a s u r y . '
.
The following are "blocked" countries :..:...
Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, LuxembiIrg, France
(including Monaco), Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Roumania, Bul
garia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, Andorra, Austria,.
China, Czechoslovakia Danzig,'Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy,
Japan, Liechtenstein, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerlan<l, Thailand, U.S.S.R.,
.
.
and any area which has been under the occupation or control of imy
of t~e foregOing countries at any time after such occ.upying or con
trollIng country has been blocked. .
.'
. .
The U.S.S.R. an,d the four European neutral countries (Portugal,
Spain, Sweden an<:i"Switzerland) ha.ve each' been granted a general
licence under the, freezing orders.. The general licence granted to the
U.S.S.R. effectively unblocks that country and its nationals, but does
not validate any acts effected un dei-Axis occupation.
, Persons whose names are on the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked
Nationals are treated as enemy na~ionals for the purposes of the'
freezing orders for such time as their names appear,on such List.
to For text of Executive Order No. 8389 (3 CFR 128 (Supp, 1940»
as amended
by Executive Order No. 8785 (3 CFR 225 (Supp. 1941), with amendments
~ftected after .Trine 14, 1941, indicated by footnotes, ·see Documents Per-ta.ining
to Foreign FUnds Control, March 30, 1944, pp. 5-:-10.
. ,
.
e
.'
ACTS' OF DISPOSSESSION
4. 90ntrol over securities has .been established under other pro
hibitory measures issued by the United States Treasury. Any secu
. rities or currency imported into the United States must be reported
to and deposited' with specified Government agencies. It is illegal
to receive or hold any such currency or securities without specific
authorisation of the Treasury.
Further, no security to which a tax or other stamp or notarial seal
of a foreign country has been attllched may be deal~ with in the United
States unless a certificate has been attached to the security by the
authority of the United States Treasury.
' .
No transfer or dealing with respect to any security registered or
inscribed in the name of a blocked country ornational thereof may be .
effected without a licence nom the Treasury.
.,
. To prevent looting, special measures have been taken to prohibit,
dealing inanyPhilfppine currency or securities.
. 5. The Alien Property Custodian is empowered to take such action
as he deems necessary in the national' interest with respect to busin~
enterprises, patents, ships, or vessels and· certain other property in.
,the United States where such property is affected with the interest of
a foreign or enemy national. The Custodian has (inter alia) power
to direct, manage, supervise, control or vest any such property.
6. General legal principles in the United States would suggest that,
if transfers and dealings referred to in the Inter·Allied Declaration
were wilfully contrary to the prohibitory r,egulations discussed herein, .
they would be determined by the courts to 00 invalid, and, in any event,
the Executive Branch of the United States Government could,legally
invalidate such transfers and dealings. It is to 00 noted that under
Section 3 (a) of the said Act and General Ruling ~o. 11211 all trans
actions involving trade or communi<:\ation with an enemy national are
. prohibited unless· licensed.
..
740.00113 European War 1939/1102: Telegram
,.The Ambassador in the United Kingdom (Wina.nt) to the Secretary
of State
LoNDON, October 8, 1943-8 p. m;
[Received October 9-12: 50 p. m.]
6833.. An indication of the attitude of the Soviet [Union] towards
Poland was given here on October 7 ata meeting of the Subc.ommittee
on Axis Acts of Dispossession. This subcommittee was appointed '
immediately afte~ ,the signing on January 5, 1943 of the. Inter-Allied
II
Documen.tJl Pertain.inn to Forp."'"
F.,';II .•
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APr
:'Appendb: 10
Appendix 9
n
•
,I NTER·ALLIED DE,ClARATION AGAINST ACTS
OF DISPOSSESSION COMMITTED IN TERRITORIES
UNDER ENEMY OCCUPATION OR CONTROL *
Mso known as the "Declaration of Loridon"
jll1lHarl'
Tcn
IY
•
5,
UNESCO CONVENTION AND PROTOCOL FO,
THE PROTECTION OF, CULTURAL PROPE'RT
EVENT OF ARMED, CONFlICT*
Also known as the"Hague, Convention and Protoc
DOlle at The i-lague, '!'vlay '/1, 195-1, eWr\, ill/fJ,Iim:e, ,\"~lf
i9-i3
The Govcrnmcnts,or I he UniOll of SOllth Afric;]; the Uniied St;]tes
or :\ni'crJca: ;\ustralia: l3elgium: Can;lda: China: the C~,echoslovak
/iepuhlic: Ihl' United Kingdom ill' Creal Britain and Northern Ireland;
Crcece; India: Luxemburg: thc Netherlands: 01ew Zealand: Norway;
Yoland: the L'nion (ir Sm'ict Socialist Ikpuhlics'; Yugoslavia; and the
French i\i;nional Committee:
'
,
. HereiJi.isslIl':, formal. \\'arning to nil. concerm;d, and in particular
to I)ersons'in nelliral countries, that thev intend to do their utmost to
, tlde:lt the methods of dispossession pra~tised by the Governments
with which the\ arc ,iI war ugainstlhe countries ill1d peoples who
hHve been so, \\:)!llonk assaulted and ,despoiled,
,
I\cc'ordingk. the Governments making this Declaration and the
French Natlon:ll Committee reserve all'their rights to deciure invalid
alH' transfers 01'. 'or dealings with, pro pert\', rights ,und interests of
:IIW description \\hatsol'\'l'r which are, or have been, situated in the,
territories \\'hich I\';l\'e c'ol11e under the occupation ()r control, direct
or indircct, 0': illl' Cm·ernmentswith which .thel' are ;Jt war, or \~hich '
helong, or haH' 1X'I()ng~d, to persons (including"juridical,;ersons)
resid~'nt'in such tCITiwries, this \\,'arning upplies whether such
transi'c'l's m dealings h,lI'(; taken the form of open looting or plunder,
or of trans:lclions'aPI'<Jrel1lh: legal in form:even when they p,urporl
to be mlunl,lrik elfected
The (:OH'I'I;Il1l'nlS making this Declaration ;nd the French
,\;ationnl C,'llll11iliL'l' soic.:mnl\, r~c()rd their solidarity in this matter.
. ,The High Contracting Panics,
Recognizing that cultural propenvhas ~lIITerl't!' gl".I','"
during recent armed conflicts and tha't, bv reason,,,r'lh(- ,i .
in 'the technique of warfare, it is in incre~sin~ d'"lgL'1" "','
, Being convinced thal.,damage to euhural'prop~'m h"i'
anI' people whatsoever means damage to the cll/lm,,! h,,'1'1
mankind, sinca each people makes its contribution to 11;c
of the world;
Consideringt hat tlie preservation
the cult lIr::I he I'll
great importance for all peoples of the W(lrlt! :Ind 1/);11 il I'
,that this heritage should receive internationalp.rntl'c'1 i"".
; Guided by ,the principles concerning the'proll'L'lio" "i
property during armed conflict. as eswbiished ill til<' l ',or"
The Hague of 1899 and of 1907 and in the' \Vashill~I"" I'
April. 1935:
'
-Being of the opinion that such protecti'ln ClIllHlI [,,'
unless both national and international measures h;l\'" i>"",
organize' it in time of peace:
.
, Being determined to take all poss,ihle stcps to l'r"'''''1 .
property:
Ha\'e agreed upon the following,pw\isions:
or
Chapter I.
~eneral
provisions regarding protection
Article I, Definition of ClIlllll'llil'ropurt.l'
(\gainsl :\cIS "I' Dispossession Committed in
DU'T ST, BUL~, 11
Encl1l\'( Jccupalion or:(:oI11rol. H
119431.
For the purposes of the present Convention, thet('fIll lilt
property" shall cover, irrespective of origin or m;·I1l'rsllll"
(u) movable or immovable propert\' of great ill1ponai1l'l' II I i
heritage of every people, such as.mollLll1ll'Jlts "I' archil'
art or history, whether religiOUS or secular: "1't'hal'"I,,~il'
groups of buildings which, :is a whole, arc
hist"ril',01 '
interest; works·of art; manuscripts, books ami o[ hn ,,' 'I'
artistic, historical or archaeological interest: as \\,,,11 ;" '
collections and important collections
hooks or IIl"e hi\
reproductions of the propert)' defined a/)o\'(:;
(b) bUildirigs whose muin and effectiv~ purpose is In Pfl''''1
exhibit the I11m:able cultural property ddined ill Sllb,p,,'
such <1S museums, large libraries and depositoril's "f "'l,
refuges· intended to shelter, in the event "I' 1Irl11l'd L'IOnil,
movable cultural priipertv defined in SUb'l'ilr:Jgr:II''' '".:
k) centres cont<Jining a large amount of culwLd 1'['<)I",n\ ,:
in sub'parag~,<Jphs (a) and (bl, to. be knowil ilS "lL'llln" (
monuments,
or
or
Article 2, Protection oj ellltllml pmpert.\'
,
For the purposes of'the present Convention, the protcc'tl"'l'
property shall comprise the s<Jfcguarding of and rCslll'ct I"r 'liL'
Article' 3, SafeJ;lt(mlil1g of CIIII 11 fill prIJl'l.'rlr '.'
•
,
,
The High Contracting I'a~ties undcrwke 10 prepare m 1in;c
For the safeguarding ()f'ndtural propertv situated \\Itlllll, ,.
territory against the foreseeable 'lITcC1S
an IInlll''' "0111 ' ,\:
such measures as they consider ap'propriale,
or
�J\/i7.
~. cTtJ ~) COJ\ ~~Cj.tr;iu ~.
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.",rr ~ ~ ~o...r Do-c.{)J)LU) h:,,/ )q l{ I . .UJnUIU~. . tn Rrf' P rrh l2e{o...Ie.,CtVl ~. b4 flu
tLt~ I- "6 fu
~;n cs. ro... h
.
A DECADE O~. FORE~OLIC¥, , . " - ' •..~ .ar...Ct tu ~,Qd.DE 'Zt AMERICANl'{)REIGN P<lLICY;
.
~
'02
r-
IT
.
.
GERMANY 1
..
.:::JuLo....k
.
.
.
16. DECLARATION OF WAR WITH GERMANY, DECEMIJER II,
1941
.
rOINT RESOLUTION Declaring That a State of War Exists
Between the Government of Germany and the Government
and the People of the United .StqJes and M.aking Provision
· to Prosecute the Same 2
Whereas the Government of Germany has formally declared war
,gainst the Government and the people of the United States of
I,merica: Therefore be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
?tates of America in Oongress assembled, That the state of war between
he United States and the Government of Germany which has thus
een thrust upon the United Sto.tes.is hereby formally declared; and
be President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire
aval and military 'forces of the United States and the. resources of
he Government to.carry on war against the Government of Germany;
nd, to bring the conflict to a· s:uc~essful termination,· all of the re
ources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the
nited States.
Approved, December 11, 1941,3:05 p. m., E. S. T.
81. THE .MORGENTHAU PLAN, 1943
rogram To Prevent· Germany From Starting a W~rld War
ill
3
.
· Demllitarization of Germany
It sh~uld be the aim of, the Allied Forces to accomplish the complete
emilitarizatiqn of Germany in. the shortest possible period of time'
fter surrender. This means comrletely disarming the German Army
nd people (including the rcmova or destrliction of all war material),
e total destruction of the whole German armament industry, and
e removal or destruction of other key. industries which are basic
military strength.
· New Boundaries of Germany
(a) Poland should get that part of East Prussia which doesn't go
the U. S. S. R. and the southern portion of Silesia.
.
(b) France should get the Saar and the adjacent territories bounded
y the Rhine and the .Moselle Rivers.'
'. .
(c) As indicated in 4 below an International Zone should be created
ntaining the Ruhr and the surrounding industrial areas.
Documents on the problems or war erlmInals,-d!smantling nnd reparations will be found In Part VIII,
ow.
55 St.~t. 796.
.
• This memorandum was printed as the IIrst lew "ages of Henry Morgenthatt, Jr.• Gtrmanv I, OlLr l>rob·
m. Harper and Brothers Publishers. New York nnd l.ondon. 1945. Although it was taken to Quebec by
resident Roosevelt and Mr. Morgenthau In August 1943 nnd there provisionally approved by President
I
I
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.
DOCLtt!~ Ile>· /2-3, J'is r m1.a n y .
U?n9/
!:.J: SeS;s:..; rp.
3. Partttwntng of New G e
""_,.
__ w_"'--_~
503
cc..:2.
The remaining portion of Germany should be divided into two
auton<?mous, independent states, (1) a South German state comprising
Bavaria, Wuerttemberg, Baden and some smaller areas and (2) a
North German state comprising a large part of the old state of Prussia,
Saxony, Thuringia and several smaller .states.
. There shall be a custom union be'tween the new South German
state and Austria, which will be restored -to her pre-1938 political
borders .
. 4. The Ruhr-Area
. (The Ruhr, surrounding industrial areas, as shown on the map,
inclUding the Rhineland, the Keil Canal, and' all German territory
north of the Keil Canal.)
.
Here lies the heart of German industrial power: This area. should
not only be stripped of all presently existing industries but so weakened
and controlled that it cannot in the foreseeable future become an
industrial area.. TheJolIowing steps will accomplish this:
(a) Within a short period, if possible not longer than 6 months
aftet: the cessation of hostilities, an industrial plants and equip
ment not destroyed by military action shall be completely dis
mantled and transported to Allied Nations as restitution. All
equipment shall be removed from the mines and the mines closed.
(b) The area should be made an international zone to be
governed by an international security organization to be' estab
lished by the United Nations. Iri ~overning the area the inter
national organization should be gUided by policies designed to
further the above stated objectiv:e.
.
5. Restitution and /feparation
.
.- Reparations, in the form of future payments and deliveries, should
not be demanded. Restitution and reparation shall be effected by the
transfer of existin~ G~rman resources aJ!,d territories, e. g.,.
.
(a) by restItutIOn-.of property looted by the Germans ill terrI
tories occupied by them;
. .
_
(b) by transfer of German.territory and German private rights
in industrial property situated in such territory to invaded
countries ~nd the international organization under the program
of partition;
.
.
. (c) .bythe removal and distribution among devastated coun
tries of industrjal plants and equipment situated Within the
International Zone and the North and South German states
delimited in the section on partition;
(d) by forced German labor outside Germany; and
(e) by confiscation of all German assets of any character
. 'whatsoever outside of Germany.
. 6. Education and Propaganda·
(a) All schools _and universities will be closed until an Allieq Com
mission of Education has formulated an effective reorganization pro
gram. It is contemplated. that it may require a considerable period of
time before any institutions of higher education are reopened. Mean
while the education of German students in forl'i!:m lInjv"!'!'1it.j,,!'l will nnf.
I,
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�504 '
•
•
A DECADE OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1941-49
(b) All German radio stations and newspapers, magazines, weeklies, ,
etc. shall be discontinued until adequate controls are established and
an appropriate program formulated.
7. Political I)ecentralization·
The military administration in Germany In the initial period should
be carried out with a view toward the eventual partitioning 'of Ger
many. T() facilitate partitioning ,and to assure its permanence the
military authorities should be guided by the following principles:
(a) Dismiss all policy-making officials of the Reich government
and deal primarily with local governments.
','
(b) Encourage the reestablishment of state governments in
each of the states (Lander) corresponding to 18 states into which
Germany is presently divided and in addition make the Prussian
provinces separate states.
"
,
,
(c) Upon the partition of Germany, the various state govern
ments should be encoilraged to organize a federal government for
each of the newly partitioned areas. Such new governments
should be in the form of a confederation of states, with emphasis
on states' rights and a large degree of local ,autonomy.
'
'
8. Responsibility oj Military jor Local German Economy
The sole purpose of the military in control of the German economy
shall be to facilitate military operations and military occupation. The'
Allied Military Government shall not assume respo)J.sibility for such
economic problems as price controls; rationing, unemployment, pro
duction, reconstruction, distribution, consumption, housing; or trans
portation, or take any measlires designed to maintain or strengthen
the German economy, except those which are cssential to military
operations. The responsibility for sustaining the German economy
and people rests with the German people with such facilities as may be
available under the circumstances.
'
,
9. Controls over Development oj German Economy
During a period of at least twent.y years after surrender adeq uate
controls, including, controls over foreign trade and tight restrictions on
capital imports, shall be maintained by the United Nations designed to
prevent in the newly-established states, the establishment or expansion,
of key industries basic to the German military potential and to control
other key industries.
,',
10. Agrarian program
, All large estates sho'uld be broken up and divided ainong the peasants
and the system of primogeniture and entail should be abolished;';
11. Punishment of War Grimes and Treatment of Special Groups
A program for the punishment of certain war crimes and for the
treatment of Nazi organizations and other special groilps is contained
in section 11.
"
12. Uniforms and Parades
(a) No German: shall be permitted to wear, after an appropriate:
period of time following the cessation of hostilities, any military
uniform or any uniform of any quasi military organizations.
(1:..\
.,
1\T", .,.....,~.1~tt'l.;..., ... r\C")~n,.lnC' C"1... 011 hf"l 'n("l~TY'I~t~l",..l ""T"'.,... ~t·l"""Y""n ~..." nn~"""""c")"'''-
A DECADE OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1941-49
"
505
13. Aircraft
, All aircraft (including gliders), whether military' or commercial,
will be confiscated for later disposition. No German shall be per
mitted to operate or to help: operate any aircraft; including those
owned by foreign interests.
'
14.. United .states Responsibility
Although. the United States'would have 'full military and civilian
representation on whatever international commission or commissions
may be established for the execution of the whole Germ,an program
the primary responsibility for the policing of Germany and for civil
administration in Germany should be assumed by the military forces
of Germany's continental neighbors: Specifically, these should in
clude Russian, French, Polish, Czech, Greek, Yugoslav, Norwegian,
Dutch, and Belgian soldiers.
",
",
Under this program United States troops could be withdrawn'
within a relatively short time.
'
88., SURRENDER
')
BY GERMANY I,
Act iJf-MilitarySurrender, May 8, 1945
I·!
jj
': a'
:11
,J~1
,
1
·1,
: 1,
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...
~
, 1. We the unders,igned, actingbY·author.ity of the German High
Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Com
mander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the'Su
preine High Command of the Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and
in the air who are at ,this date under German control:"
,
2. The German High Command will at once issue orde'rs to all
German military, lIaval and air authorities and to all forces under
German control td cease active operations at 2301 . hours' Central
' European time on 8th May 1945, to remain in the positions occupied
at that time and to disarm compl~telyj handing Over their weapons and
equipment to the local allied commanders or officers designated by
Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship, vessel,
or aircraft is to be _scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, ma
chinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament,
apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.
3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate
commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders,Issued
by the Supreme Commander; Allied Expeditionary Force and by the
Supreme High Command of the Red Army.
4. This act of military surrender is without prejUdice to, and will be
superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on
behalf of the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the
German armed forces as a whole.
5. In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces
under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of
Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and
I The Axis in Defeat. Department of State publication 21Zl. pp, 21-25; also. Department of State publicatlon
2515/ Executl ve Agreement Series 502, See texts of (a) instrument of surrender of a]l German armed force. in
Hoi and, in northwest Germany inrlw1inP.' 1111 i~hnrl~ "nrl.;..... n,,~-."'_'_ "',.- .., , ..... " . . .
_ .... _" ••
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134
~ERlCAN
I+c (be('/')
"C:'>-()I
(/v
MIUTARY GOVERNMENT
three Governments are agr~ed that the following measures are important and
should be put into effect:
1. It is essential that the Italian Government should be made more demo
cratic by the introduction of representatives of those sections of the Italian people
who have always opposed Fascism.
'
, 2. Freedom of speech, of religious worship, of political belief of the p'ress
and of public meeting shall be restored in full measure to the Italian people,
who shall also be entitled to form anti-Fascist political groups.
3. All institutions and organizations created by the Fascist regime shall be
suppressed.
'
, '
. '
,
4. All Fascist or pro-Fascist elements shall be removed from the administra
tion and from the institutions and organizations of a public character.
5. All political prisoners of the Fascist regime shall be released and accorded
a full a m n e s t y . ,
'
6. Democratic organs of local government shall be created.
7. Fascist chiefs and other persons known or suspected to be war criminals
shall be arrested and handed over to justice.
.
'
, In making this declaration the three Foreign Secretaries recognize that as 1000g
as active' military operations continue in Italy the time at, which it is possible
to give full effect to the principles set out above will be determined by the
Commander-in-Chief on the basis of instructions received through the Combined
Chiefs of Staff. The three Governments parties to this declaration will at the'
request of anyone of them consult on this matter.
'
It is further understood that nothing in this resolution is to operate against
the right of the Italian people ultim~tely to choose their own form of govern
ment.
. '
C. DECLARATION ON AUSTRIA
The Governmeiits of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United
States of America are agreed that Austria, the first free country to fall a victim
to Hitlerite aggression, shall be liberated from German domination ..
.They regard the annexation imposed upo[} Austria by Germany on March 15,
1938, as null and void. They consider themselves as in no way bound by any
changes effected in Austria since that.date. They declare that they wish to see
reestablished a free and independent Austria, and thereby to open the way for
the Austrian people themselves, as well as those neibaboring states which will" '
be faced with similar problems, to lind that political and economic security which
is the only basis for lasting p e a c e . ,
'
'Austria is reminded, however, that she has a responsibility which she cannot
evade for rarticipation in the war on the ~ide of Hitlerite Germany,and that
in thelina settlement account will inevitably be taken of her own contribution
to her 1i~ration.
D. DECLARATION ON GERMAN ATROOTIES
The, United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union have reCeived
from many quarters evidence of atrocities, massacres, and cold-blooded mass
executions which are being perpetrated by the Hitlerite forces in the many coun.
tries they have overruq and from which they are now being steadily expelled.
The brutalities, of Hitlerite domination are no new thing and aU the' peoples
or territories in their grip have suffered from the worst form of government
by terror. What is new is th,at many of these territories are now being redeemed
~)i l\...(Ld
J)/
~'e:: ntil}._t£fll...::t"
ILfL/7)
f"t:,
Uf'-,
_hC,.;jU\..(U/ y ,
ch ~,~ ',lv~LL hcl.A~~ J,
C~ (YIlClu'1 Pn (( ~-earAPPENDIxApr. 2. ~) ,0 \..f Y
,
"
135
by the advancing armies of the liberating Powers and that In their desperation,
the recoiling liitlerite Huns are redoubling their ruthless cruelties. This is now
evidenced with particular clearness by monstrous crimes of the Hitlerites on the
territory of the Soviet Union which is being liberated from the Hitlerites, and
on French and Italian territory.
'
Accordingly, the aforesaid three Allied Powers, speaking in the interests of
the thirty.two [thirty-three] United Nations, hereby solemnly declare and give
,
full warning of their declaration as follows:
At the time of the granting of any armistice to any government which may
,be set up in Germany, those German officers and men and members of the Nazi'
party who have been responsible for, or have taken a consenting part in the
above atrocities, massacres and executions, will be sent back to the, countries in,
which their abominable deeds were done in order that they may be judged and
'punished according to the laws of these liberated countries and of the free gov
ernments which will be created therein. Lists will be compiled in all possible de
tail from all these countries having regard especially to the invaded parts of the
{
Soviet Union, to Poland and Czechostovakia, to Yugoslavia and Greece, includ
ing Crete and' other islands, to Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxemburg, France and Italy.
'
'
Thus, the Germans who take part in wholesale shootings of ItlUian officers
or in the execution of French, Dutch, Belgium or Norw.egian or of Cretan peaS
ants, or who have shared in the slaughters inflicted on the people of Poland or
in territories of the Soviet Union which a,re now being swept clear of the enemy,
will know that they will be brought, back to the scene of their crimes and judged
on the spot by the peoples whom they have outraged. Let those who have hither
not imbrued their hands with innocent blood beware lest they join 'the ranks
to
of the guilty, for most assuredly the three Allied Powers will pursue them to the
, uttermost ends of the earth and will deliver them to their accusers in' order 'that
justice may be (lone. " ,
The above declaration is without prejudice to the case of the major criminals,
whose offences have no particular geographical localisation and who will be
.. '
punished by the joint decision of the Governments of the Allies.
I
I
"1'I ',
•
' '
~ COMBINED
~
I
V
DIRECTIVE FOR MILITARY ,GOVERNMENT IN
GERMANY PRIOR TO DEFEAT OR SURRENDER
April 28, 19441
'
1. This ,directive is subject, to such alteration as may be necessary to meet
joint recommendations of the European Advisory Commission in regard to the
post-surrender period. It relates to the period before defeat or surrender of
'The directive was approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff and transmitted by them
to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, on April 28, 1944. But it con
sisted then only of the basic and political directive and included only the political guides
for Germany and Austria. As the text (par. 7, p~ 136) indicated Appendices C, D, E
were not yet ready. They were transmitted on May 31, .1944. However, the economic
and relief guides' were merged into Appendix D. 'The financial guide (Appendix C) was
revised in August and a program adopted that envisaged to impose only a minimum of
new financial controls and regulatiol!s. It was felt largely on the basis of the Italian expe
riences that a comprehensive anti-inflationary and control program could be formulated
only after a practical observation of the 'financial and economic factors appearing in Ger
many during the post-hostilities period. Appen!=iix C is published here in its revised form.
�136
ttMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Germany and to such parts of Germany and Austria as are overrun by the forces
under your colIlIl'lind during such period. The same policy will be applied to
occupied parts of Austria as to occupied parts of Germany except where differ
ent treatment is required for Austria to meet the provision of the Political Guide
at Appendix .B or other paragraphs dealing specifically with Austria.
2. Military government will be establiShed and will extend over all parts of
Germany, including Austria, progressively as the forces under your command.
capture German territory. Your rights.in Germany prior to unconditional sur
..
render or German defeat wil! be those of an occupying power.
3. a. By virtue of your position you are clothed with supreme legislative,
executive, and judicial authority and power in the areas ocCupied by forces under
your command. This authority will be broadly construed and includes authority
to take all measures deemed by you necessary, desirable or appropriate in rela
. tion to the exigencies of military operations.and the objectives of a firm military
...
. . . . .
government.
.
. . b. You are authorized. at your discretion, to delegate the authority herein
granted to you in whole or in part to members of your command, ind further
. to authorize them at their discretion to make appropriate subdelegations. You
are further authorized to appoint members of your command as Military Gov
ernors of such territory or areas as you may determirie.
c. You are authorized to establish such military courts for the control of
the population of the occupied areas as may seem to you desirable, and to estab
lish appropriate regulations regarding their jurisdiction and powers,
. . . d. The military government shall be a military administration which.will
show every characteristic of an Allied undertaking, acting in the interests of the
United Nations. Whether or not U. S. and U. K. civil affairs personnel will be
integrated other than at your headquarters will bea matter for your decision.
4. The U. S. and British Bags shall be displayed at headquarters and posts
of the military government. The administration shall be identical throughout
those parts of Germany occupied by forces under your command, subject to any
special requirements due to local circumstances.··
:
5. The military administration shall contain no political agencies or political
representatives of the U. S. and U.K.U. S. and U. K.political officers· ap
·pointe~ at your headquarters will continue in office.
.
6. Represent~tives of civilian agencies of the U.S.-U.K. Governments or
of UNRRA shall not participate unless and until you consider such participation
desirable when it will be subj¢, as to time and extent, to decision by the Com
. .
bined Chiefs of Staff on your recorrunendation.
7. Appendix A, Political Guide for Germany; Appendix B, Political c::;uide for
Austria, are attached hereto. Appendix C, Financial Guide; Appendix D, Eco
nomic Guide; and Appendix E, Relief Guide; will be transmitted at a later date.
Appendix' A
POLITICAL GUIDE
1. The administration shall be firm. It will at the same time be just and
humane with respect to the civilian population so Jar as consistent with strict
military requirements. You will str9ngly discourage fraternization between
Allied.troopsand the German officials and. population. It should be made clear
to the local population that military occupation is intended; (1) to aid military
•
I·
•
137
operations; (2) to destroy Nazisrp-Fascism and the Nazi Hierarchy; (3) to main
tairi and preserve law and order; and (4) to restore normal conditions among
. ~e civilian. POP~I~tion. as s~n as possible, insofar as such conditions will.not
mterfere wltb military operations.
.
. 2. a. Adolf Hitler, his chief Nazi associates, and. all persons suspected of hav
ingcommitted war crimes will be arr<;sted and held for investigation and sub
seq~ent dis~siti0!I' including th?se who appear on lists drawn ur bf t;he .United .
Nahons which .wIll be communicated to you. The heads of al mlntstnes and
other high political functionaries of the German Reich and those Germans who
. hav~ held .high positions in occupied ~llied count~ies fou;td within occupied
terrttory will be mterned and held pendmg further Instructions.
. ...
b. The same shall apply in the case of any national of any of the United
Nations who is. alleged to nave committed offenses against his national law and
of iUly o~er person' whose name or designation appears on lists to be similarly
communicated.
'
,
. .
3. The intention is to dissolve the Nazi Party throughout Germany as soOn
as possible. In furtherance of this object, you should: (1) tak.e possession of
offices arid records of all Party organizations and make lists of them; (2) sus
pend activities of all Party organizations except those which you may· require
to continue to function for administrative convenience; (3) arrest and i lI1prison
high Party officials; (4) take Party property into custody, except for those organi
zations specially directed by you in (2) above. A special effort should be made
· to seize and preserve all records and plans of the Germail military organizations
and of t:h.e Nazi Party, and of the Security, Criminal, and Ordinary Polke, and
..
records of Nazi economic organizations and industrial establishments. '.
4. You will take steps to prevent the operation of.all Nazi laws which dis
· criminate on the basis of race, color, or creed or political opinions. All persons
,who were detained .or placed in custody by the Nazis on such grounds should
be rdeased subject to requirements of security and interests of the individual
· concerned.
'
.
5. a. The operation of the criminal ,and civil courts of the German Reich will
be suspended. However, at .the earliest possible moment you should permit their
.functioning under such regulation, supervision, :ind control as you may deter
mine. The operation of politically objection~ble courts, .e.g., People's courts;
.will be permanently suspended with a view to eventual abolition. All Nazi
elements will be eliminated from the judiciary.
. b. Security Police, excluding Criminal Police, but including Gestapo and
Sicherheitsdienst, should b<; disarmed, disbanded and imprisoned. Criminal' and
Ordinary Police should be retained subject to the removal of Nazi or otherwise
undeSirable elements.
6. The replacement of local Government officials. who may be removed will
rest with the Supreme Commander who will decide whether the functioning
of the military government is better served by the appointment of officers of
the occupation forces or by the use of the services of Germans. Military Govern
ment will be effected as a general principle through indirect rule. The· principal
'link for this indirect rule should be at the Bezirk or Kreis, level; controls at
higher levels will be inserted .at your discretion. Subject to any necessary dis
missals, local officials should ,be instructed. to continue to carry out their duties.
No actual appointment of Germans to important posts will be made until it .
has been approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff. It should be made clear
J
I·
API'ENDIX
�•
,
13S
•
.
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
to any German, after eventual appoiOtm:ent to an important post. and to all other
Governmental officials and employees, that their continued employment is solely
on the basis of satisfactory performance and behavior. In general the entire
Nazi leadership will be removed from any post of authority and no permanent
member of the German General Staff nor of the Nazi Hierarchy will occupy
any important Governmental or Civil position. The German Supreme Com.
mand and General Staff will be disbanded in such a way as will insure that its
possible resuscitation later will be made as difficult as possible.
.
7. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 10, and to the extent that military
interests are not prejudiced, freedom of speech and press, and of religious wor·
ship should be permitted. Consistent with military necessity, all religious insti·
tutions shall be respected and all efforts will be made to. preserve historical
archives, classical monuments, and objects of a r t . ,
S. Diplomatic and consular officials of countries at war with any of the United
Nations and of neutrals will be dealt with in accordance with instructions to
be issued by the Combined Chiefs of Staff. .
9. a~ Prisoners of war belonging to the forces of the United Nations and
associated nations and their nationals confined. interned 'or otherwise under're·
straint'by German authorities will be freed from confinement and placed under
military control or restriction as may be appropriate pending other disposition.
b.. So far as practiCable after identification and examination, Allied -na·
tionals should be given opportunity to join the armed forces of their country
if represented by units in the theater•. or to serve in labor battalions organized.
by the military· or in other approved· civilian work, provided their loyalties to
the Allies have been determined and they qualify physically and otherwise.
All practical measures should be taken to. insure health and welfare of Allied
nationals. They should not be allowed to disperse Until plans are made for their
employment or other disposition. Former prisoner~ of war released by the Axis·
may be fourid. They should be identified and requests addressed to their respec.
tive military commands for instructions as to their disposition.
c. Allied and neutral civilian internees found in the territory should be
placed in restricted residence with provision being made for their care until they
show th~t they can provide for themselves... Work should be provided when
practicable. They should be identified as to nationality in order that their pres·.
ence in the territory may be communicated to their respective governments. .
.
d. If feasible and practicable, enemy nationals, other than nationals of the
country under occupation, will be identified and registered and those whose free·
dom of movement would endanger the security of the armed forces or be other
wise undesirable will be interned or their activities curtailed as may be necessary
under the circumstances.
.
.
10. a! The propagation of Nazi dOctrines and propaganda in any form .shall
be prohibited. Guidance· on German education and schools will be given to
you in a separate directive.
..
.
b. No political activity of any kind shall be countenanced ,unless author
ized by you. Unless you deem otherwise, it is desirable that neither political
personalities nor organized political groups, shall have any part in determining
the policies of the military administration. It is essential to avoid any commit
ments to, or negotiations with, any political elements. German political leaders
in exile shall have no part in the administration.
.
c. You will institute such censorship and control of press, printing, pub-
APPENDIX
••
139
lications, and .the di'ssemination of news or information by the above means and
by mail, radio, telephone, and cable or other means as you consider necessary
in the interests of military security and intelligence of·all kinds and to carry
out the principles laid down in this directive.
11. A plan should be prepared by you to prevent transfers of title of real and
, personal property intended to defeat, evade, or avoid the orders, proclamations,
or decrees of the military government or the decision of the courts established
·by it.
12. a. All property in the German territory belonging to the German Reich
or to any country with which any of the United Nations are at war will be. con··
trolled directly or indirectly pending further instructions, subject to such use
thereof as you may direct. . .
. . .
b. Your responsibility for the property of thelJnited Nations other than
U. K. and U.S. and their nationals in areas to be liberated or occupied by Allied
Forces shall be the same as for .the property of U. K. and U. S. and theirna·
tionals except where a distinction is expressly provided by treaty or agreement.
. Within such . limits as are imposed by the military situation you should take all
. reasonable steps necessary to preserve and protect such property.
,I
.
Appendix B
. POLITICA:L GUIDE FOR AUSTRIA
1. The political aims of the occupation of Austria will differ fundamentally
from those of the occupation of Germany in that their primary purpose will be .
that of liberation. Though it will be of great importance that the occupying
forces in Germany should make a good impression on the inhabitants, this will
be of even more importance. in Au.stria and the impression to be aimed at is
of a different kind. You should try to insure that occupation by Allied Forces
. in no way suffers by compadson ..with occupation by Germans.
.
2. In applying the political guide a~ Appendix A to Austria you should bear
..
..
in min~ the following points:
a. Paragraph 1. The attitude to the Austrian population should be more
friendly than in Germany. There will be no need to discourage some degree
?f fr~terniza~ion. In addition .to the four pointsenurnerate? in the last ~tence
10 thiS paragraph the follow~ng should be added: "To hberate Austrta from
German domination and pave the way for a free and independent Austria."
, b. Paragraph 6. A large proportion of the administrative posts in Austria
. have been filled by Reich Germans and the replacement of local government
o.fficials may therefore have to be more complete than in Germany. Their re
placement should proceed as rapidly as practicable having regard to the require.
ments of military security and administrative possibilities. Every encouragement
should be given to Austl;ians untainted by Nazi sympathies to fill the racated
posts. Only the highest· appointments will require the prior approval of the
.. .
.
.
Combined Chiefs· of Staff.
c. In Austria there is no intermediate administrative unit· between the
Reichsgaue-andthe Kreise and the principal link for civil affairs must therefore
be the former until it is possible to restore the old Austrian linder.
.
, d. P~ragraph 10 a. In addition to Nazi doctrines and propaganda, it
will be necessary to prohibit propaganda for pan-Germanism and renewal of
association with Germany.
.
�•
,.e
•
i41
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
•
APPENDIX
e. Paragraph 10 b. You should be prepared to give more latitude to
political activity in Austria than in Germany.
expenditures arising out of operations or activities involving participation,' of
Allied'Military forces.
',',
'
a. Inso(ar as operations relate to the provisions, of currencies for the pay
and other cash requuements of military components of the Allied forces, the
,Financial Division will supply Allied military marks from currency on hand
and will record the debit against the military force concerned. '
,
b. Insofar as operations relate to the provision of currencies for civil ad
ministration, the Financial Division ,will supply Allied Military marks from
'currency on hand and will record the debit against the' Allied Military
Government.': '
. c. If found practicable and desirable, you will designate, under direct
military control ana supervision, the Reichsbank, or any branch thereof, or any
other bank satisfactory to you, as agent for the, Financial Division of Civil
Affairs Sections. When satisfied that the R,eichsbank, ,or any branch thereof,
or other designated bank, is under adequate military control and ,supervision,
you may use that bank for official business, and, if necessary, by making credits
available, plaCe' such· bank or banks in a position to finance other banks and
branches thereof,' for the conduct of 'their business as approved by the Allied
military' authorities.
'
. d.The records of the Financial Division of the Civil Affairs Section
established within the area will' indicate in all cases in what currency receipts
were obtained or disbursements made ~y the Financial Division.
6.. Upon eritering the area, you will take the following steps and will. put
into, effect only such further financial'measures as you may deem to be necessary
from a strictly military standpoint:.
.
a. You will declare a general or limited moratorium if you deem such
measure to be necessary. In patticuIar, it may prove desirable to prevent fore-.'
closures of mortgages and the exercise of similar remedies by creditors against
individuals and small business enterprises.
'
b. Banks should be placed under such control as deemed necessary by, you
in order that adequate facilities for military needs may be provided and to insure
that instructions and regulations issued by military authorities will be fully
complied with. Banks should be closed only long enough to introduce satis
factory control, to rem..ove objectionable personnel, and to issue instructions for
the determination of accounts to be blOCKed under paragraph e below. As soon
as practicable banks should be required ..to file reports listing assets, liabi1ities~,
and all accounts in excess of 25,000 in,arks.
.
" '
,c. You will issue regulations prescribing the purposes for which credit
may be extended and the terms and conditions governing the extension of
credit. If banking facilities are not available you may establish such credits or
make such loans as you deem necessary for essential economic activities. These'
will be restricted to mark credits and loans.
'
"
.
d. You will close all stock exchanges and similar financial institutions.
e. Pending determination of future dispositi~n" all gold, foreign cur
rencies, foreign securities, acq:>unts in financial institutions, credits, valuable '
papers and all similar assets held by ot on behalf of the following, will be,
pounded or blocked and will be used or otherwise dealt with only as permitted
under licenses or other instructions which you may issue:
(1) German national, state, provincial,' and local governments, and agencies
and instrumentalities thereof.
140
Appendix C'
REVISED* FINANCIAL' GUIDE FOR' GERMANY
1. United ,States; British and other Allied"forces will use Allied Military
marks, and Reichsmark currency or coins in their possession. Allied Military
Marks 'and Reichsmark currency and coin now in circulafion in Germany will
belegal tender without distinction andwill be interchangeable at a rate of--'
"
Allied Military mark for - - Reichsmark. Records will be kept of the amounts .
of the German marks used by the forces of each nation.' Re;chskred;lkdJ-'
senscheine and other ,German Military currency will not be legal tender in
Germany.
<,'
2. In the event, however, that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied
Military marks and/or Reichsmarks are not available, the United States forces
will use yellow seal dollars and regul~ United States coins and the British
forces will use British Military Authority (BMA) notes and regular British
coins.' Records will be kept of the a.niounts of currencies used by the United
States and British forces.
3. If it is found necessary to use US yellow seal dollars arid BMA notes, the'
following provisions will apply to such use:
"
a. The rate of exchange between the U.S. yellow seal dollar and the BMA,
notes will be - - dollars to one poupd, and the two Currencies will be inter
changeable at that rate. The United States Treasury will make the necessary
'arrangements with the British Treasury.
, b: You will issue a proclamation" if necessary, requiring all persons to
accept U.S. yellow seal dollars, and BMA notes at the' decreed rates. Transac
tions at any other rates; will be prohibited.
c. The issuance of yellow seal dollars and BMA notes ,will cease and '
Allied Military mark and/or Reichsmark currency will be used in their place,,'
as' soon as available.
d. U.S.. yellow seal dollars and BMA notes will be withdrawn from circula
tion as soon as such withdrawal can be satisfactorily accomplished.
e. Records will be kept of the amounts of such currencies used by the
United States, British and other Allied forces.
' '
4. The rate of exchange to be decreed on your entry into the area will be
- - marks,to'the dollar and -,-,- marks to the pound sterling. Transactions
at any other rates will be prohibited. Holders of mark currency or deposits will
not be entitled to purchase foreign exchange without special permission. They
will obtain dollars or pounds, or any other foreign currency or foreign exchange,
credits, only in accordance with exchange regulations issued by YOQ.
5. The Financial Division of the Civil Affairs Section for Germany will
, include in its functions the control of all, funds to be used by the Allied Mili-'
tary forces within the area, except yellow seal dollars and BMA notes which
will be under the control of U.S. and British forces respectively. It will main
tain all the accounts and records necessary to indicate the supply, control, and
movement of these currencies including yellow seal dollars and BMA notes,
and other funds, as well as financial data required for the determination of
,i
.~
I
I
--See p.
In, footnote.
im
�142
•
AME~ICAN MILITAR~
GOVERNMENT
(2) Other enemy govern(llents, the agencies and instrumentalities thereof
and their Nationals.
(~) Owners and holders, including neutral and United Nations Govern
. ments or national authorities,absent from the areas of Germany under' your
control.
'
, (4) Nazi party organizations, including the .party formations, affiliates, and
supervised associations, and the officials, leading members, and, supporters
thereof.
,
,
' ,( 5) Persons under detention or other types of custody by Allied Military'
authorities and other persons whose a,ctivities, are, hostile to the interests of the
military government ..
f. No governmental or private bank or· agency will be authorized to' issue
banknotes or currency except that,' if found ,practicable and desirable, you may
sci authorize the Reichsb!lnk and the Rentenbank when they are under adequate
military control and sqpervision.
'
'
,
g. You 'will issue immediately a proclamation prohibiting all transfers 'of
or other dealings in real estate and securities, other than ceritral government ,
securities. You may, however, prohibit, or limit dealings in, central government
securities, but only pending resumption of service on the public debt ..
7. All dealings in gold and foreign exchange and all foreign financial and
foreign trade transactions of any kind, including all exports and imports of
currency, will be prohibited except as. permitted under such regulations as you.
may issue relative thereto. Except as' you may otherwiSe author~e, local banks ,
will be permitted to ope£:! and operate only mark accounts, but if yellow seal.
dollars and BMA notes are legal ten,der; they, may be accepted at the decreed
rate of exchange and will be turned in as directed by you in exchlUlge for mark
currency at the decreed rate of exchange.
.
.
8. Non-yellow seal U.S. dollar notes and regular British pound notes will
not be legal tender. No person, agency or bank engaged in the ex~ange of
money will acquire· or otherwise deal . in these notes except as you may so
authorize. U. S. Army and Navy Finance Officers and British Paymasters may,
however, be authorized to accept non-yellow seal U.S. dollar notes and regular
British pound' notes from,United States and British Military or authorized per
'. sonnel for conversion into Allied Military mark or Reichsmark currency at the
decreed rate of exchange, after satisfying themselves as to the source of the
notes.
9. All bo.nafide' government pensions, allowances, and social security pay-,
ments will continue' to be paid, but steps will be taken as soon as, practicable
for a study of pensioners' records with a view to nullifying all unnece~ary and
undesirable pensions and bonuses of Nazi inception.
, 10. The railways, postai, teiegraph and telephone service,radio and all gov
ernment monopolies will be placed under your control and their revenues made
available to the military government.
.
11. You will, consistent with international cUstom 'and u!lage, maintain ex.
i~ing tax laws, except that discriminatory taxes introduced under: the Nazi regime
will be abolished. Prompt action should be taken to maintain the inflow of
revenue at the highest possible level. You will resume service on the public
debt as soon as military and financial conditions permit.
•
! .
APPENDIX
I
AppendixD
ECONOMIC
'i
I
•
.
143
ANP RELIEF, GUIDE FOR GERMANY
The following directive relates to the period before the surrender, of . Ger
many. ' In areas where there are no military operations in progress, when prac
ticable and consistent with military necessity you should:
"
(a) see that the systems of production, control, collection and distribution
of food and, agricultur~ produce are maintained, that food processing factories
continue in' operation and that the necessary labor and transport are provided
to insure maximum production. German food and other supplies will be utilized
for the German population to the minimum extent required to prevent disease '
and unrest. You will report on any Surpluses that may be available as regards
which separate instructions will be issued to you;
,
.' .
, (b) instruct ~e German authorities to restore the various utilities to full
,working order, and to maintain coal mines in working condition and in full
operation so far as.transport will, permit. Except insofar as their production'
is needed to meet your requirements, or as you may be instructed in subsequent
directives, munitions factories will be closed pending further instructions. You
will be responsible for procUi:ing such goods and materials for export as you
may Jrom time to time be direct,ed to obtain for the use of the United Nations.
You will take steps to insure that no sabotage or destruction is carried out by
the Germans of any industrial plant,' equipment or stocks, or of any books or
records relating thereto. Pending the issue of further directives you will take
such steps as you think gesirable to preserve intact, all such plant,equipment,
books and records, paying, particular attention to research and experimental
establishment;
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. (c) exercise control over Ge'rman shipping, inland transport andcommunka
tions primarily in the interests of the Allied military ,effort and see that they
'are maintained in a full state of efficiency;
.
(d) establish a system of control over export and import trade. In deter
mining what exports shall be permitted, paramount consideration shall be gran~ed
to 'your military needs. Records will be kept of all import and export
transactions;
,
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(e) instruct the German authorities' to 'maintain the'limits 6n prices and
wages in force under the most recent German regulations. The rationing
system for important, staple commodities shall be retained or reestablished~
Black market activities and hoarding will be· severely punished. Generally you
will take all possible steps to prevent inflation; .
'
(f) where possible, work through the existing German administrative and
'economic machinery in carrying out the above rrogram, bearing in mind the
principles as regards removal of Nazi personne contained in paragraph .6 of
the political guide at Appendix A;
,
(g) permit the formation of a democratic trade union movement and other'
forms of free economic association.
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�. PROPERTY CONTROL
HISTORY, POLICIES,' PRAc::TICES AND PROCEDURES
'OF THE
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UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL,' GERMANY' .' .'. .
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SPECIAL REPORT OF THE
MILITARY GOVERNOR
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The tlVOtundamental probl,ems ot, the Property Colltrol Program have been:
tirst J the methods ot locating, placing linder custody J sateguarding and. administering
various spec1ti~d categories ot property under control; and, second,·.making decisions·
prOviding tor ultimate disposition 'ot properties and ~pediting the releas~ thereot.,
In accordance with Uilitar,y,Government policies, directives, laws and other measures,
every ettort is being made ,to releafle as l1'I.&lIY' properties trom control as possible.
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In l1nS with Yilitar,y Government policy ot transterririg greater responsi
b1l1ty to German governmental aut,horities, Property Control responsib1l1ty tor '
custody and administration, as provided tor in Military Goverment Regulation Title
17, was transterredto German Land governments during the latter haltot ,1.946. '"
speCial sateguards were prov1~ed tor properties ot United Nations and. neutr8J. owners ,.
and those properties in the "duress n , categories. The German' agencies were under 'the
direct superviaion ofllilitary Goverrment authOrities.
'
In June1947 the emphasis chqed trom. the first phase (that otlocating and
adequately .protecting properties) to implementing and carr,y1ng Out tbEf secord phase
(release ot properties trom control). In June 1947 a ,prog~ was announced providing·
for the' decontrol of properties belon&ins to citizens ot United lations and neutral
nations (except Spain and Portugal). ' This program. ~8,later extended to to~er enemy
nations ldth whom peace treaties have, been signed.
'
ControiCouncil Direvtive ,No. 50 and Military Go~emn.ent Law No. 58 have,
, established the procedures Whereby property ot Nazi organizations are being transterred
to Land. governments or to certain democratic organizations. The properties of
individual Nazis aN being released from control in accordance with existing de-'
hazitication 'procedures. Properties of the 'Reich are being held pending necessary
policy decisions as to disposition. "Duress" propertiAs will be held pending final
adjudication of the case as provided tor in Militar,y Goverl1llent Law No .. 59.' Properties
taken under control as "duress" properties tor which no claim has been filed will be
released trom control pursuant to Military Government directives to be issued in the
future. It is ~ected that pr~ctica1ly all properties with the exceptionot "duress",'
·and "Reich" properties will be released from control during, thet:irst six months or
1949.·
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On 1 July 1949~ i t is planned to liquidate completely llilitary Government
Property Control Ottices.' Residual Property Control duties will in large part be '
transterred to "a Central Genuan Property Control Coordinating Canmittee composed ot
the tour Land 01viliaD Agency Heads. Those' Property COntrol !'unctions lIhich cannot
be transferred to the C'eritral Gennan Property Control Coordinating Camnittee .Will be
'
made the responeibility ot one of the Military Governor's Advisers.
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. I n 1942,theiewaa, estaPlished in.,England an orga!U:zation known as the
Um:ted States Group Control Coimcil.It was composed of various Divisions
cprresponding to the Divisions ofllilltar.r Government and the purpose was to plan
the functions of the occupation of German.r.With~ the USGCC1I8.S a Division called
"Reparations, Deliveries and Restitutions (RD&R) If.l which included the functions
which PrOperty cOntrol assumes today; Af't;er the capitulation of Ge~, RD&:R
Division W8.S split into the Restitution Branch, the Reparation Branch, and Property. "
Control, 1Ihich was first fomed as a special Branch ot the Economics Division, but.
which ..lraslater taken over by the Finance Division. In )(arch 1948, the P'iDance ,
Division was dissolved, and the: Property Control Branch became a Branch ofa new .
Divisio~ known ~s the Property Division.
.
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property Control meaSures were' aimed 'at the denazification and de
militarization of GematV'. Propert;y Control custody 1I&S uSed to remove designated
persons and orsBn1zations fra. positions of importance and pOwer and render them .
harmless to theanticiJBted program of democratization. Custod;y was ~ecessar.r to
protect certtln Properties pendiDgultimat~ disposition•.
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Property Control in the U.S. ZOne;,f Gel'lllaDT became effective with the
postine of Jrilltarr Government'
1O.52Y as the armies movedthrougtl Ge~,
.startine in Aachen on 18Septem.ber 1944. Property Control was, at·that time, ful.lJr
. administered by "the Kilitary. As stated in the USFET Directive of 7 July .1945 ?/ whiCJh
,later served as basis tor,.t.::1litary ,Go,vernment Reg, tl,lation Title 17 (MGR 17), J/ all ' ,
:'
, properties subject to control were blOcked and frozen on the abOve date as a
.
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. Decesaar)" step toward the enforcem.ent of the policy o.f denazification, the principles
of delDilit8r1zation and deind.U8trialization, and th. Jl"ogram. of relief, restitution.
and reparations."
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Law
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()84.) .In,,8Drcidng propert;y Control functiona, the rOle of the Kilita.r;y
Officer is that ot'a )(ilitar)" Government official, .not that of a receiver
or t.l'Ilst.. in the Brit1shor American aeue. He should do what i's reasonable in the
'circumstances. No personal liability will attach to any )4.1litary Government Officer
for acts 'Which are }:I8rformed, permitted or omitted, in good 'taith,relative to the
. control or administration of p r o p e r t y . '
Qov~rrm_t
(:;85.) l4ilitary Govel'Jllllent Officers ~re ~t authorized to sutmit t.o the
JUIi-Sdiction of the local courts in proceedings in"which nlitary Government or llilitar.r
Goverrment Officers are, iIi. effect ,detendarits. Further instrUctions will be issued
!.n'regard to this matter.
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(386.) lW.itar.r . Goverrment Officers will arrange for the receipt of reports
8nd, returns. required from. local offi,cials, organizations and persons relating to
, property under control.
()87.) Military Goverrment Officers :will at all t1m~s gather and forward ,.
. t o the Deput;y Chief Property Control Officer all locaJ.. infOrmation relevant to the.
classes of property subject to Property Control. Of particular interest will be
reports of cloaking activities. used to disguise property acquired throUgh duress or
wrongful acts of dispossession or spoliation, or to conceal holdings of the Nazi
Party and prominent members and supporters thereof.
!/.
See Annex VIII •
.C17' -See hiiex~
Annex
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In the event it is nece8s&r,y to use force to take po8session of
(388.)
any property'or:to exclude any person from it, and aat'ficient assistance from.
lIilitary Goverrment Public Safety Officers C&Dm),t be obtained, a request should be
.ma.d:e for the neces~ar.Y aid to the appropriate ){~~1U7 C~der.
ot
(389.) In'the aclminbtration arid operation
propert~ takenlinder control,
Military Government Officers should not, except after consultation with the appropriate
'Property Control Officer, lease or repair such property, nor employ agents and fix '
and pay ccspensation for an:r o~, the foregoing.
.
(.390.) 1W.itary Governme~t doe~ not ordinaril,. take title to property
taken into 'control. Sales
bem.ade on behalf ot the owner only i t speciall,.
ordered, or incases of perishables.
.
ma,.
(.391. ) ),(Uitary Government Officers will not enter into a contract tor
, a term in excess of .30 dqs, without approval from. the Chief Propert,. Control Officer.
,
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itary
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(.392 .. ) Propert,.' should be entered on the Propert,. aecord. (MG/PC/2) as ,80on
as taken into control. The aecord of Propert,. Transactions '(KG/PC/.3) will be
'"
mainta1aedb,. Hilitary Government Officers or Kilitary Government Detachment.' and will
recite,all facts and transactions that affect the property, its condition and history.
UntU propert,. is ,entered on the Property Record b,. the lLilltar,. Government. Officer and
the Notice of Cuatad,. (lm/pc/l) isfUed, it is not completel,. taken into control. It,
m&1' therefore be released to its owner or his representat.ives nthout formalit,. even
though prot~ctive notices have been posted on it or have been delivered to its
occupants. (See P' &. PC Technical Kanual.)
/_.-..
(393.) when' a going concern 18 taken' over, Jl1litary Government Officers
should consult nth an:r Kilitary Government functional. specialist, officers interested
in the tunctioning of such concern. When a going concern is taken over, :tl1lltar,.
Government Officers will give to the person or persons in charge Propert,. Control
Letter of Instruction No •. l (KG/PCO/IBE/l). (See P' " PC Technical Ilanual.)
(.394.) Operating agents and custodians aball be instructed to keep proper
and appropriate accounts 80 that reports' and accounts m&1' be rendered to owners 'or to
higher authorities. Where JlUitar,. Governnent' takes control of an:r bU,aines. or under
taking which alread7 has a satisfaator,. accountinga;rstqa in operation, the existing
accounting S,T8tEIII. will be continued. If the ~tar7 Government Officer finds an
/
1na.dequate accounting s,.stem in an undertaking under control, a report thereof will be
made to the appropriate Propert,. Control, Officer.
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(.395.) FUnds received or produced by the operation of the pro~rt,. ma;r be
retained in such accounts or depositories as are maintained on its behalf, subject to
direct.ions of the appropria'j#e Proper:t;y Control Officer. Large accumulations of funds
by such undertald.ngs will be reported to' the appropriate Property Control Officer.
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''(396.) Custodians appointed to operate any property shall ~ve no power,
without ,the consent of higberauthority, to alter the nature of a business, 'or to. sell,
liquidate, incumber or obligate the property or &rll part of it be,.ond the ordinary
course of business.
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(.397. ) Fees paid to· custodians, and a:uowanc6s made to owners or their
out of such properties may be continued, .but may not be reduced or increased,
lIithout prior approval from the Chief Propert,. ContrOl Ofticer. When paid they shall
stand as a' charge against the 'property and ita owner.
dependents~
ward
the
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s or
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(.398.) Under no circumstances will persons who have been removed frQm ,
any office or position ,because of the Supreme Commander's polic,. of removal of active
Nazis and ardent Nazi sympathizers be employed or used in an,. other way in connection
lIitbthe pz:operty Control program. of )l1lltary Government •
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The report whi,ch follows is a brief history of· the Property Control Program.
ot the U.S. Military Goverment as administered in the U.S. Area'of Control, ·Gel'll1&ll1'-
R -194
�PROPERTY CONTROL'
It indicates th~ .policies, procedures and practices tollowed, and.the spe~1al'stepe
taken to prOtect the properties under control and return th_ to their. rightful
cnmers, or ultimate recipients. In the annexes are cited the basic authprities
and pertinent legislation which tormed the basis ot the Propert;y Control Program•. ..
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I\MERICAN MlLIT ARY GOVERNMENT'
VII
REPORT OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE
February 11, 1945 1
For the past eight days, Winston S. Churchill, Pritlle Minister of Great
Britain, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, and
Marshal J. V. Stalin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, have met with the Foreign Secretaries,
'
Chiefs of Staff, and other advisors in the Crimea.
[A list' of participaQtsip addition to the three heads of governments follows
here in the original.]
,
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The following statement is made by the Prime Minister of Great Britain, the
President of the United States of America, and the Chairman of the Council
of People's Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the results
of the Crimean Conference:
.
The Defeat of Germany'
. "We have considered and determined the military plans of the three Allied'
powers for the' final defeat of the common enemy. The· military staffs of the
three. Allied 'nations have met in daily, meetings throughout the Conference. '
These rrleetingshave been most satisfactory from every point of yiewand-have
resulted in closer coordination of the military effort of the three Allies than
ever before. The fullest information has been interchanged. The timing, scope '
and coordination of new and even more powerful blows to be launched by our
armies and air forces into the heart of Germany from the East, West, North
and South have been fully agreed and planned iri detail.
9ur combined military plans will be made known only as we execute them,
but we believe that the very close wO'rking partnership among the three staff,s
attained at this Conference will result in shortening the War. Meetings of the'
three staffs will, be continued in the future whenever the need arises.
. Nazi Germany is doomed. The Gc;:rman people will only make the cost of
their defeat heavier to themselves by attempting to' continue a hopeless
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r~sistance:
Tbe OcmptJtion and Control of Germany
We have agreed on common policies and plans for en'forcing the uncondi
tional surrender .terms which we shall impose together on Nazi Germany 'after
. German armed, resistance has' been finally crushed. These terms will not be
made lcnown until the final defeat of Germany has' been accomplished: Under
the agreed plan, the forces of the three powers will each occupy a separate zone
of Germany. Coordin~ted administration and control has been provided for
under the plan through a central control commission consisting of the Supreme
Co.mm~.nders of the three powers with headquarters in Berlin. It has been agreed
that France should be invited by the three powers, if she should so desire. to
take over a zone of occupation, and to participate as a fourth member of the
control commission. The limit~ of the French zone will be agreed by the Jour
governments concerned through their representatives on the European Advisory
Commission.
'
It is our inflexible purpose to destroy German militarism and Nazism and to
ensure that Germany will never again be able to disturb the, peace of the world.
-We are determined to disarm and disband all German armed forces; break up
'Department of State, Blilletin, XII (1945), pp. 213-216.
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APPENDIX
•
155
for all time the German General Staff th'at has repeatedly' contrived the're
surgence of German militarism; remove or destroy all German military eq!lip
ment; eliminate or control all German industry that could be used for military
production; bring all war criminals to just and swift punishment and exact
reparation in kind for the destruction wrought by the Germans; wipe out the
Nazi Party. Nazi laws, organizations and institutions, remove all Nazi and
militarist influences from public office and from the cultural and economic life
of the German people; and take in harmony such other. measures in Germany
as may be necessary to the future peace and safety of the world_ It is not our
purpose 'to destroy the people of Germany, but only when Nazism 'and mili
tarism have been extirpated 'will there be hope for a decent life for Germans,
and a place for them in the comity of nations. ,
ReptJration by Germany
.
We 'have considered the question of the damage caused by Germany to the
Allied nations in this war and recognized it as just that Germany be ,obliged
to make compensation for this damage in 'kind to the greatest extent possible .
A commission for. the compensation of damage will be established. The com
mission will be instructed to consider the question of the extent and methods
for 'compensating damage. caused by Germany to the Allied countries. The
commission will work in Moscow: ... 2
Declaration on Liberated' Eflrope
The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the. Prime Minister
of'the United Kingdom, and the President of the United States of America
have consulted with each other in the common interests of the peoples of their
countries and those of liberated Europe. ,They jointly. declare their mutual
agreement to concert . during the tem'porary period of instability in liberated
Europe the policies of their three governments in assisting the peoples liberated
from. the domination of Nazi Germany and the peoples of the former Axis
satellite states of Europe to solv.e by democratic means their pressing political
,
.
,
and economic problems~
. The establishment of order in Europe and the rebuilding of national economic
life must ~be achieved by processes which will enable the liberated peoples to
destroy the last vestiges of Nazism and Fascism and to create democratic institu
tions of their own choice. This is a principle of the Atlantic Charter-the right'
of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live
the restoration of sovereign rights and self-government to those peoples who
have been, forcibly deprived of them by the aggressor nations.
To foster the conditions in which the liberated peoples may exercise these
rights, the three governments will jointly assist the people in any European
liberated state or former Axis satellite state .in Europe where in their judgment
conditions require (A) to establish conditions of internal peace; (B) to 'Carry
out emergency measures fC!r the relief of distressed peoples; (C) to form
interim governmental authorities broadly representative of all democratic ele
ments in the population and pledged to the earliest possible establishment
through free elections of governments responsive to the will of the people; and
(D) to facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections.
The three governments will consult the other United Nations and pro-.
i Here follows' in the orIginal a section dealing with the Dumbarton Oaks Conference
. and the, calling of the United Nations Conference at San Francisco.
�156
eMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
visional authorities or other governments in Europe when matters of direct
interest to them are rinder' consideration.
When, in the opinion of the three governments, conditions in any European
liberated. state or any former Axis satellite state in Europe make such action
necessary, they will imt;nediately consult together on the measures necessary to
'.
discharge the joint respoQsibilities set forth in this declaration.
By .this declaration we reaffirm our faith in the principles of the Atlantic
Otarter, our pledge in the declaration by the United Nations, and our' deter
mination to build in cooperation with other peace-loving nations world order
under law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all
mankind.
.
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','In issuing this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the Pro"
visional Government of the ~rench Republic may be associated with them in
the procedure suggested.
Poland
A new situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete libera
tion by the Red Army. This calls for the establishment of a Polish provisional
government which can be more broadly based than was possible before the
recent liberation of Western Poland. The provisional government which is
now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganized on it broader demo
cratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself and
from Poles abroad. This new goverpment should then be called the Polish
Provisional· Government of NatioQal Unity..
Mr. Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. aark Kerr are authorized as a com·
mission to consult in the first instance in Moscow with members of the present
. provisional government a,pd with other 'Polish democratic leaders from' within
Poland and from abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present gov
emrilent along the above lines. This Polish Provisional Government of Na·
tional Un~ty shall be pledged to the holding of fr(!e and unfettered elections
as soon as possible on the basis of universalsuifrage and secret ballot. In these
elections all democratic and anti-N~i parties shall have the right to take part
and to put forward candidates.
.
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When a Polish Provisional Government ,of National Unity has been properly
formed in conformity with the above, the government of the USSR,' which
now maintains diploniatic relations with the present p~ovisional government 'of
Poland, and the government of the United Kingdom and the government of ,the
U.S.A. will establish diplomatic relations with the new Polish Provisional
Government of National Unity, and will, exchange ambassadors by whose reo
ports the respective gover(l.JJlents will be kept informed about the situation in
Poland.
'
The three' heads of government consider that the, Eas"tem frontier of Poland
should follow the Curzon line with digressions from it in .some regions of five
to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must receive
substantial accessions of territory in the North and West. They feel that the
opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should
be sought in due course on the extent of these accessions and that the final
delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should thereafter await the
peace conference. . • . ).
'
'The final sections of the Report dealt with Yugoslavia, the meeting of foreign ministers
to be held in future, and the maintenance of un\ty among the Allies beyond the War.
••
APPENDIX
viII
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DIRECfIVE TO COMMANDER· IN-CHIEF OF UNITED STATES
FORCES OF, OCCUPATION REGARDING MILITARy
GOVER.NMENT OF GERMANY
April 28, 19451
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It is considered appropriate, at the time of the release to the American public
of the following directive setting forth United States policy with reference to
the military government of Germany, to preface the directive with a short state
ment of the circumstances surrounding the issuance of the directive to General
Eisenhower.
.
The directive waS issued originally' in April, 1945, and was intended to serve
. two purposes. It was to guide General Eisenhower in the military government
of that portion of Germany occupied by United States forces. At the same
time he was directed to urge the Control, Council to adopt these policies for
enforcement throughout Germany.
'. ,
Before this directive was discussed the Control Council, President Truman,
Prime Minister Attlee, and Generalissimo Stalin met at Potsdam 'and issued a
comttlunique setting forth agreed policies for the control of Germany; This
communique was made public on 2 August 1945. Th~ directive, therefore,
should be read in the light of the policies enumerated at Potsdam. In par
ticular; its provisions regarding disarmament, economic and financial matters,
and reparations should be read together' with the similar provisions, set'out
in the Potsdam Agreement on the treatment, of Germany' in the initial control
period and in the agreement on reparations contained in the Potsdam. com
?lunique. Many of the policy, statements contained in the di~ective have be~n
10 sUDstance 'adopted by the Potsdam Agreement. Some, policy statements 10
the Potsdam Agreement differ from th,e poliey statements on the same subjeqs
in the dire~iye. In such cases, the policies of the Potsdam Agreement are con·
trolling. ' Where the Potsdam, Agreeinent is silent on matters of policy dealt
with in the' directive,the'latter continues to guide General Eisenhower in .his
administration of the United States, zone in Germany.
,
in
DIRECTIVE TO COMMANDER·IN·CHIEF OF UNITED STATES FORCES OF'
OCCUPATION REGARDING TIlE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY
, 1. The Purpose and Scope of this Dire~titJe:
, This directive is issued to you as Commanding General of the United States
of Occupation in Germany. As such you will serve as United States
, member of the Control Council and will also be responsible for the administra
tion of military government in the zone or zones assigned to the United States
for purposes of occupation and administration.. It.. outlines the basic policies
which will guide you in those two, capacities after the termination of the com- ,
bined command of the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
This directive sets forth policies relating to Germany in the initial post-defeat
period. As such it is not intended to be an ultimate statement of policies of
this Government concerning the treatment of Germany in the postwar world:
Forc~s
'The dorument, known as JCS-I067, , was sent by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to Geoeral
Eisenhower on April 28, 1945. The Department of State released it to the press on
October 17 adding the introductory statement. Department of State, Bulletin, Vol. XlII
(194'), pp. '96·607.
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The claim of having produced the first concrete pronouncement of Allied in- .
tentions toward a defeated Germany belongs to the Tripartite Conference in Moscow,
held in November 1943. But since the "Declaration of German Atrocities" issued
by the assembled Foreign Secretar~es.and signed by the allied leaders, Roosevelt,
Churchill and stalin, deals with the specific t'opic of War Crim~s, its proper
place in this collection would seem to be the selection of documents concerned
with the NUrnberg. Trial (Section V).
.
.
...l..t was at the Crimea Conference (FebruarY" 3-11, 1945) that the "Big Three"
established, tour months betore the collapse of the Hitler regime, the major lines
of policy which· were adopted at the Potsdam Conference later that year. The Yalta
. communique re-stated the demand for "Unconditional Surrender" of the Casablanca
and Teheran conferences (cf. the next section, No •. II) •. Beyond that, the Allies
proclaimed their "inflexible purpose": to demilitarize and denazify Germany
(amplified in ;III, IV, VI and VII) ,to bring all war criminals to justice (V and
VII), .to exact "reparation in kind" (cf •. especially VIII), and to destroy Germanyts
industrial war potential while leaving her people the means for achieving an
average standard of living (IX).
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'f
•
It was at Yalta too that the crucial 'decision 'w9.smade to divide ).lp Germany'
into thr.ee (later four') separate zones ·of· occupation, to be coordinated by an
Allied Control Commission in Berlin. (The 'Americans had advocated a unified
(mixed) allied administration, but had not been able to overcome the o't?jections
of their British and Soviet Allies.) It is this particular Yalta compromise
which has been blamed by most critics as the main source of frictioobetween the'
occupying powers. Since unanimity· was required, ina case of disagreement each
partner felt free to act in his own zone independently. Thus the important
principle established at Potsdam (provisionB 14), to treat Germany as a single
economic unit, was never put into operation.
CRIMEA CONFERENCE COMMUNIQUE .
Decisions with Regard to Germany (February3-l1, 1945)
The following statement is made by the Prime Minister 'of Great Britain,
the President of the United States, and the Chairman of the Council of People'S
Commissars oC the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the result of the
Crimea Conference:
1. DEFEAT OF GERMANY
We have considered and determined ~he military plans of the three Allied
Powers for the final defeat of the common enemy. The Military staffs of the three
allied Powers have met in daily meetings throughout the Conference. These meet
ings have been most satisfactory from·every point of view and have resulted in
closer coordination of the military effort of'the three allies than ever before.
The fullest 'information has been interchanged •. The timing, ~cope, and co
ordination of new and even more powerful blows to be launched by our armies and
air forces into the heart of Germany from east, west, north, and south have been
fully agreed and planned ,in detail •
•
. ,'Our
comb~ned
military plans will be made known 'only as we execute them but
./
lctL{5
�-
•
~
-'
-'
'"
.
~---
,
I
_.-,-.
"
we believe that the,very close working partnership among the three Staffsatta
at this Conference 'will result in shortening the war. Meetings of the three
staffs will be continued in the future whenever the need arises.
Nazi Germany is doomed. The Germanpeople'will only make the cost of 'the,
defeat heavier to themselves by attempting to continue a hopeless resistance.
2~
OCCUPATION AND CONTROL
We have'agreed on common policies and plans for enforcing the uncondition:,
surrender terms which ,we shal~. impose together on Nazl Germany after German art
resistance has been' finally crushed. ,These 'terms ,will not be ,made known until
the final defeat of Germany is accomplished.
"
,
Under the agreed plans the forces of the three Powers will each occupy a
separate zone of Germany. Coordinated administration and control has been pro
vided for under the plan through'a Central Control Commission consisting of th(
Supreme Conimanders of the three Powers with headquart,er.s in Berlin.
.
•
It has been agreed that France should be invi t'ed by the three Powers, if : .
,
should so desire, to take ,a zone of occupation, and to participate as fourth
member of the Control Commission. The limits of the French zone will be agree(
by tlie four Governments concerned through their representatives on the.Em:operu
Advisory Commission.
'
" '
.
'
It is oUr inflexible purpose to destroy German militarism and, Nazism 'and 1
ensure that Germany will never again be able todi~turb the peace of the world .
We are determined to disarm and disband all German armed, forces; break up for E
time the German General Staff that has repeatedly contrived'the resurgence of
German militarism; remove' or destroy all German military' equipment; eliminate c
control all German industry that could be used.for military production; bring £
war criminals to justice and swift punishment and exact reparation in kind for
destruction wrought. by, Germans; 'wipe out the Nazi party, Nazi laws, organizatic
and institutions; remove all Nazi and militarist influence~ from publicofficeE
and from the culturaland . economic life of the German people; and take in harmc
such other measures in Germany as may be necessary to the future peace 'and safe
of the world.
.
, 'It is not our purpose .to destroy the people of Germany, but only when' Nazi
and militarism have been extirpated will there be hope for decent lif'e for Germ
and a place tor them in the c~mity o£ nations.
, 3. REPARATION BY GERMANY
We have considered the question of the damage caused by Germany to Allied
Nations in this war, and recognized it as just that Germany. be obliged to make
compensation £or the damage in kind to the greatest extent possible. A Comm~ss
tor the Compensation of Damage will be established. The Commission will be in:"
struc'ted to consider the question of extent and methods t:or compensating damage
caused by Germany to the Allied countries. ·The Commission will work in Moscow.
(Signed) WINSTON S. CHURCHILL
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVEL"
J. V. STALIN.
�•
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
432
w~rding the revised directive 31 you have simply lopped off the two
standard introductory pa.ragraphs and that the remainder of the direc
tive is more detailed than the original draft 38 sent from here.
-Again, in the revised 1067, Article 1 of the Political Directive lists
fourteen categories of persons who plust be searched out, arrested and
held. The final paragraph of that same Article places on the com
mander-in-chief detailed responsibility for reporting failu.re to arrest
anyone of several million persons comprised in these categories and for
reporting to the Control Council his recommendation and reasons
therefor in each case. This places an exacting obligation on the com
manding .general without regard' to .practical obstacles' and without
leaving. any degree. of discretion to him-an ooligationwhich is far'
more binding in its detail than any which we felt:wise to write into our
draft directives.
.
I wonder if you realize how closely my advisers hiwe worked with
the operational and planning Army officerS who are actuilJly going to
do some of these jobs in Gerinany. .Those officers look at the problctn
from a very practical :viewpoint. Weare also in daily contact with
the representatives of the three occupying Powers and the positions .
taken by them under instructions from their Governments.
. .
In a letter to General Meyer, 'dated Dece:Qlber 16, 1944,39. General
Hilldring s t a t e s : '
.
.
"I am aware of Mr. Winant's agreement with Strang and if he woilld
abandon the British long terms in favor of our short term instrument,
we wouldagree to include the subject matterforming'the basis of ,thl'
long terms in proclamations and general orders to be issued to t·llc
Germans after t.he signing of the Surrender Instrument. To this'we
have no objection, although the Joint Chiefshave never been advised
of the existence of such an agreement.'"
.
.I um glad that General Hilldring admits the v~lidity of this agree·
ment, which we and the Russians ~ade as a basis for seCuring British
acceptance of our short military Instrument of Surrender.' The in
structIon whi<;h directed me to ~nter into this agreement (dated Fei)·
ruary 12, 1944}40 was approved in a signed'memorrm!ium by General
Hilldring and was transmitted to me with the approval of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff and the State Department. My acceptance of this
commitment, upon express instructions of our Government, ·was reo
ported by me in Comea 3~ of March 10, 1944,,1 The State and War
" Ante, p. 410.
III Not printed.
.. Not found in Depnrtment files. Bri~. Gen. Vincent Meyer W!I!I Chief Mili·
tary Advi8er to the United States Representntive on the European Advisory Colll
mis.'!ion (Winant). February 12. .'1944, to London, l'oreign Relations, 1944, vol.
.. Telegram 3735.
"' . .T'
1~7,
•
ynt'~
Dlrcei1b'f.
fY TAliJJ!Wf~~5
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
'
433
,I
Departments acknowledged and confirmed this commitment in Eacom
13 of March 16, 1944.42
The remaining paragraphs of General Hilldring's letter, however,
go on to argue that there is no necessity for meeting this clear com
mitment. The consequences of repudiating such a cOmmitment would
inevitably lead to undermining the basis of Allied cooperation and
unity. .
.
.
The action taken at the Crimea Conference, which confirmed the ac
ceptance of the Unconditional Surr~nder Instrument, of the Protocol
on Zones of Occupation in Germany and the. Agreement on Control
Machinery in Germany, has given us a firm basis for action which
should make our work easier in the weeks ahead.
I have always tried to work with you~ My problem has been to get
~m with a job in which the time factor is an important element. There
fore I have pressed to get clearance on" those things which I thought
were of vital concern in protecting our interests and in safeguarding
Allied unity.
. '
. I look forward to seeing you. I am sure we will find ourselves in
agreement on the basic approach to the question of how best to aSsure
continued Allied.cooperation in the handling of Gennany.
JOHN GILBERT WINANT
Sincerely,
.
140.00119 Control
(Germany) /2-2845
Mem{)randum by President Ro08evelt to the Secretary of state
WASHINGTON, February 28, 1945.
I desire that you,- as Secretary of State, assume the responsibilit.y
for seeing that the conclusions, exclusive of course of military matters,
:t:eached at the Crimea Conference, be carried Jorward. In so doing
yon will, I knmv, wish to confer with ot,her officials of this Govern
ment on mn:t.terstouching upon theirrespective fields. I will expect
you to report to me direct on the progress you are making in carrying
the Crimea decision.s into effect· in conjunction with our Allies.
..
F[ RANKLIN J D. R[ OOSEVELT]
HO.00119 Control (Germnny)/3-1045
.
Memorandum. by the S(!cretary of State to President Roosevelt 43
[WASIIIXGTON, March 8, 1945.J
Your memorandum of February 28 directed me t.o assume the re
~ponsibility for cltI'lj·ing forward the conclusions you reached at the
.. Foreign Rclfltion.s, 1944, vol. I. p. 199.
(3 Filfl ~nn't" Hfl>{thn1'" c;:o;rYn ..... A ""("_ ,.' .... 4,...,:'.
! •.
-~,,,,-
.
�,~ RELATIONS,
FOREIGN
434
~
,
1945, VOLUME III
Crimea. Conference. In pursuance thereof, I am a,ttaching for your
appr:oval a. suggested directive on the treatment Of Germany which
decISIOns. I beheve'
I believe conforms ro the yaIta discussions
'that such a dIrectIve IS urgently necessary ,to implement the Yalta
decisions and continue the formulation and development of United
States policy to be copcerted with our Allies. If you approve of the
attached directive, I suggeSt the establishment of an informal policy
, committee on Germany under the chairmanship of the Department of
State and including representatives of War, Navy, Treasury and the
Foreign Economic Administration. This committee would serve,as
the central source of policy guidance for American officials bot.h
civilian and military on questions relating to the treatment of Ger
many and its proceedings would be based on the attached directive.
j
ana
I. MILITARY GOVERNMENT
1. The German armed forces, including para-military organiza.
shall be promptly demobilized and disbanded.
.
,t~ons,
2. All military and para-military agencies, including the General
,Staff, partly milit.:"try and quasi-military organizations, the Reserve
Corps,' and military academies, together with all associations serving
to keep alive t.he military tradition in Germany shall be immediately
dissolved, and thereafter prohibited.
(Footnote contlnuNl from iI. 433. \
AlIot.lll~r copy of this memormidUlll bears the handwritten. unsigned noto t ion:
"March 12. 1945 appro~ed. Handed in pE'rson to the Secy. 3113/45 Staff 1\1('('1,
ing." . A covering: chit by Mr. Hathaway Watson, Assistant to the Special A~~i5I'
ant to the Secretary of State (G. Hayden Raynor). dated March 14. attach!'t1
1-",
...
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... ,.. ",f-l,,,,:-
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r.()'l,1<;:
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3. All German arms, ammunition and implements of war shall be
removed or destroyed.
4. Military qrchivesand military research faciliti~ shall be
confiscated.
.
1. The Nazi Party and its affiliated· and supervised organizations
shall be dissolved and their revival in any form shall be prohibited.
Such non,political social services of these organizatio~s as are deemed
desirable may be transferred to other agencies.:
2. Nazi laws which provided the legal basis.of the Hitler regime
and which established discriminations on grounds of race, creed,and
political opinion sha11 'be aboHshed.
3. All Nazi pUblic institutions (such as the People's Courts and
. Labor Front) which were set up as instruments of. Party domination.
shall be· 8ibolished.
DRAFT DIRECTIVE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GERMANY
, - II. I:M:MEDIATESECURITY MEASURES
435
TIl. IMMEDIATE POLITICAL l.tEASURES
10, 1945.
1. The inter-allied military government 'envisaged in the interna
tional agreement on control machmery for Germany shaU take the
'plac~, and assume the functions, Ofa central government of Germany.
2. The authority of the Coritrol Coun~il shall be paramount
throughout Germany. The zones of occupation shall be areas for t.he
enforcement of the Council's decisions rather than regions' in which
the zone commanders possess a ,\vide latitude of auto.nomous power.
3; German administrative machinery must be purged as set forth
below. It shall be used in so far as it ca~ $erve the purposes of this
directive and d~ not permit Nazi abuses.
•
. 5. The manufacture and the importation of apns,'ammunition and
,.
implements of war shall be prohibited. '
6.. The German aircraft industry shall be dismantled and the further
manufacture of aircraft and component parts shall be henceforth
prohibited.
.
.
.
[Annex]
MARCH
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
I
i
4. Actiye Nazis and supporters of Nazism and other individuals
hostile to Allied purposes, shall be eliminated .from public and quasi
public office and from positions of importance in private enterprise.
'A.ctive Nazis shall be defined as those'approximately two million mem
bers of the Party who haye been leaders at aU levels, from local to
hational, in the Party and its subordinate orgallizations.. .
5. Nazi political malefactors and ail war criminals shall ~'arrested
. and punished.
.
6. Germans taken abroad for labor reparation shall be dra~
.primarily from the ranks of t.he active Nazis and of Nazi organiza
tions, notably from t.he SS and the Gestapo.... '
This procedure will serve the double purpose .of eliminating many
of the worst carriers of Nazi influence from Germany ulld of com
l:>elling theguilty tQ expiate their crimes and to repair some of the
damage they havedorie.
•
7. 'Under the direction and supervision of the Control C.ouncil there
shall be established throughout Germimy It unified system of control
moer all meallS of disseminating public information:
8. There shall be established a uniform system of control over Ger
num education d.esigned completely to eliminate Nazi doctrines nnd to
make possible the development of democratic ideas.
IV. ECON01UC OONTROL
1. Pemlin!:" nPMnltP ,.1",.,;",;"" ,,~ •.~~!~:~" ~ r
1,
•• '
•
�436
•
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
East Prussia and Upper Silesia, shall. be administered and controlled
, as an economic unit.
.
.
2. The economy of Germany shan be directed, controlled and
, administered in such a way as to
(a) Provide facilities for, and contribute to the maintenance of the
..
occupying .' forces and occupying authorities.
(0) Stop thelroductiont acquisition and development of imple
ments of war an . their speClalized parts and components.
(c) Provide a minimum standard of living for the German people
including such food, shelter, clothing and medical supplies as are re
quired to prevent disorder and disease on a scale that would make the
task of occupation and the collection of reparation substantia.l1y more
difficUlt.,
.
(d) Provide such goods and services to Allied countries for relief,
restitution and reparation <8.Swill be in excess' of the requirements of
the occupation forces and the minimum standard of living.
(e) Conform to such measures for the reduction and control of
Germany's economic war potential as the Allied governments may pre
.
scribe: ,(See paragraphs 13 to 18; inclusive.)
I
.'
3. It is recognized that a substantial degree of cent.ralized.financial
and economic control is essential to the discharge of the. tasks;men
tioned in paragraph 2.. The Control Council shall have. general,
responsibility for insuring that all measures necessary to this end
are taken. .
.
.
4. In particular, the Control Council shall be empowered to for
mulate, within the framework of existing and future directives, basic'
policies governing (a) public finance; money and credit, (0) prices
and wages, (0) rationing, (d)' inland transportation and maritime.
shipping, (e) communicat.il;ms, (f) internal commerce, (g) foreign
commerC!:l and international payments, (h) resititution and reparation,
(i)· treatment and movement of.displaced persons, and(j) allocation
of plant and equipment, materia1s, manpower and transportation. .
5. It is recOgnized that the prevention 'of uncontrolled iIiflation is
in the interest of the United .Nations. ' The ,Control Council shojI
strive to insure that appropriate controls, both finanCial and direct,
are maintained or revi.ved.
6. The Control Council shall utilize centralized ,instrumentalities:
for the execution and implementation of its policies and directives
t.o the maximum possible extent, subject to supervision and scrutiny
of the occupying forces. lVlu'nevercentral German agencies or
administrat.ive servi('~s which aee needed for the adequate perform
ance of such tasks have roased to function they shall be revived or
replaced as rapidly as possible.
7. (a) Before utilizing German agenci~s military government author
ities must carry through denazificn.tion in accordance with the prin
_ ,.' ~
~".. I
.r. I'.
,1 ~ .. _ .... '
•
•
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
•
437
. (0) German-nationals deprived of their positions because of previ
ous affiliations with or support of the Nazi party or because of dis
loyalty to the military government authorities ~hall be replaced as
.far as possible by other German nationals. In recruiting replace
ments military gov.ernment offiCers shall rely as much as practicable
on the leaders and Personnel of freely organized labor unions and
professional assOciations and 'of such anti-Nazi political groupings
'.
and parties as may arise in Germany.
8. Military government shall eliminate active Nazis and supporters
of the Nazi regime and other individuals hostile to Allied purposes,
from dominant positions in industry, trade and finance.
9. Military government shall permit free and spontaneous organi
. zation of labor and professional employees. It shall facilitate coHee
, tive bargaining between employers and employees regarding wages
and working conditions subject to overall wage controls and consid
erations of military. necessity.
.
10. Germany shailbe required .to restore all identifiable property
which has 'been·· taken ,from invaded- QOuntries. It shalLalso be cOm
pelled to replace objects of unique cultural and artistic_value whenever
100ted property. falling within these categories cannot be found and
restored.'··
11. Germany must make substantial' reparation for damage to, or
losses, of, non-military property caused by or incident to hostilities.
. Such reparation shall take the form of (a) confiscation of all German
property, claims .and interests abroad, (0) deliverieS from existing
-' . German assets, particularly capita.! equipment, (0) deliveries from
future German output, and (d) German labor'services in devastated
' .
couiltries.
, 12. The reparation burden and schedules for delivery should be '
determined in such a manner that Germany can discharge its obliga
tion within a period of ten years from the cessation of organized
hostilities,
.
13. The volume and character of German reparation deliveries
of capital equip'ment shall be largely determined in such a way as
to reduce Germany's relative- predomin:tnce in capital goods industries
of key importance and to rehabilitate, strengthen and develop such
industries in ot.her European countries, as part of a broad program
of reconstruction.
.
14. Germany shall.be prohibit.ed from engaging in the production
and development of nIl implements of war. All specialized facilities
for t.he production ofarmnments shall be dest.royed, and all laborn
tories, p1ants and t.esting st.ations specializing- in research, development,
and testing of 'implements of war shall be closed and their equipment
rf'movp.d or .1pcrr,rr",,,rl
'
�438
-FOREIGN
RELAT~ONS,
1945, VOLUME HI _
-'
15. Germany shall also be forbidden.to produce or maintain facil
it.il:"S for the prOduction of aircraft., synt.het,ic oil, synthetic rubber
and light metals. Production facilities in t.h~ industries shall be
removed to othercountries or dest.royed.
16. In order to fOster and develop metal, machinery and chemical
industries in' other countries, exports of competing German products
shall, be subjected to restraint for a considerable period. At the
same time, German production llJnd export of coal and light consumer
goods shall be facilit'ated.'
,
17~ German firm~ shall be prohibited from participating in int.er
national cartels or other restrictive contracts or arrangements. " Ex
isting German participations in such cartels or arrangements shall be,
promptly terminated.
18. ,The scope and execution of the economic disarmament program
should be made compatible with the payment of reparation and both
the reparation and economic disa,rmament programs should take into
consideration the necessity of maintaining a minimum German stand
"
ard of living as defined in paragraph 2.
19. In fulfillmentoHhis principle, Germany shall be made to begin'
paying her own way as soon as possible. There shall be no simul~,
taneous payment of reparation by Germany and extension of ,credit
to ·Germany. Payment fors~ch imports as are authoriied by the
Control Council shall be made a first charge on the proceeds of Ger
man exports. If Germany is unable to export sufficient goods in
eXcess of reparation deliveries to p~y for authorized imports, repara
tion recipients shall be required to shoulder. this deficit in proportion
to their respective receipts from reparation.
740.00119 EAC/S-1845
Draft Minutes of a Conference on the lVork of the European Advisory
Cmnm£s8ion a.nd on Plans for....Control of Germ.any, Held at the
Depa.rtment of State, AI(Ireh 13, 1915
.
Present:
,WAR DF.PARTlIlENT
lI-lr. McCloy
Cnl. R. Ammi Cutter"
CAlI. David Mnrcns
Col. Richard Wilmer'"
NAVY
DEPARTMENT
.. Capt. W. H. Vanderhilt
Comdr. Sargent'·
Lt. Harding Bancroft
.. Assistant Executive Officer to AssIstant Secretary, of War McCloy.
•• Of the'CivH Affairs Division, War Department.
.. Lt. Comdr. Willis, Sargent, Assistallt Naval Adviser to the' United
Representati ve on tlie Enropean Advisory Commillsion (Winant).
Rtllt\~~
-
EUROPEAN ADVISORY. COMMISSION
STATE DEPARTMENT
-
- 439
Mr. Matthews, Chairman
. Ambassador' Murphy
Mr. J. W. Rlddleoorger
Mr. Philip Mosely
Mr. Emile Despres.7
Mr. Edmund Gullion ..
RELATIONS
OF
EuROPEAN ADVISORY CO:UlIUSSION TO WASHINGTON
Mr. Matthews made it clear that the U.S. Representatives on the
Commission had acted independently in making certain criticisms
of JCS 1067 and that in so doing he had not received any suggestions
or communications, formal or informal, ~ from W ashington~ Mr.
Mosely confirmed this and pointed out that Mr. Winant cabled queries
to Washington requesting clarification of many points, primarily with
the intention of equipping himself for effective negotiation of JCS
1067 in the Commission. ,
added that General Meyer had not par
ticipated in formulating Ambassador Winant's three eables,4a with
reSpect to JCS 1067, since those cables referred only to economic and.
political aspects of 1067.
Mr. McCloy indicated that the War Department's interest was in
having an established policy and directive as soon 8:s possible but that
he understood the necessity for -independent' action on the part of '
the EAC.
'
He
SUMMARY OF LoNDON OPERATIONS
Mr. Mosely outlined the present position of the work of the Com
mission as summarized in ·the attached memorandum, which he
. circulated. The EAC was generally ready, or was working toward,
the establishment of middle-range plans to deal with Germany. There
had been approved by the Commission the Instrument of Uncondi
tionalSurrender for Germany, .the Protocol on Zones of Occupation,
and the Agreement on Control Machinery. In addition, sixteen U.S.
draft-directives were pending before the Commission, and the other
Representat.ives had' agreed to accept most of them as bases for dis
cussion. Some eighteen additional draft--directives had not yet been
cleared in "Washington. (A list of' those pending in Washington
is att.aclled ..50j
" Adviser on German Economic Affairs.
.. Of the Division of Western European Affairs .
•• Apparent reference to telegrams 947,January 26, 9 p. m.: 1277, February G, '
11 p. m.; and
respectively. 1278, February 5, 11 p. m., ,from London, pp. 396, 403, and 405,
110 See-bracketed note, p. 370.
•
�..
4'/U.
.
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
weekA,ronday. There would be no question, he said, of the Presi
dent'~g recollected his position. The·Secretary said we should
now see Morgenthau with Harry White and Mr. Clayton; Mr.Dunn
said that the President had called Mr. Grew and Mr. Patterson and
Mr. McCloy to the White House at 12: 30 today and that he, the Presi
dent, was now taking over. The Secretary said he didn't understand
that, and Mr. Dunn said that the President was taking over at the in
stigat~on of our "hoy friend". The Secretary said he thought Mr.
Clayton should accompany me to the White. House meeting, that we
should tell the President that he had given us the directive and that
we should be permitted to work it out. Mr. Stettinius said that Mr.
Clayton ought. to tell the President that we do not think that the
March 10 directive reverses 1067, and that ·we are still following the
general philosophy of 1067 in our treatment of Germany. Mr. Dunn
said the only thing was that the War Department thought that 1067
should be revised.
.
. Mr. Clayton then took the telephone and said that Mr. Stettinius'
position was all right as to what position we should take at the White
House meeting, but that the President would u:ri.doubtedly say that he
thought the matter should be reopened and studied again.· Mr. Clay
ton wanted to know what position we should take in that event. The
Secretary said he felt very strongly that we ought to stand by our
. original position .. Mr. Clayton said that Morgenthau had· sent over
a memorandum T • containing the· points .he planned to make. .Mr.
Clayton stated that he wolild read only the first point since that was
the one tliat outlined very clearly the sharp divergence ive have· with
Treasury. (He added that the other points could be adjusted.)
. "1. We should ar'oid a$Sum~g responsi,bility for t.he functioning of
mt~rn:ll Gernllln econom. and Its economIC controls; the mninten:lllce
and rehabilitation of German economy is a German problem and
should not be.undertaken by us in order to collect reparations or for
any other reason except the soourity of the occupying forces." .
The Secretary said tbat the above was ·simply impossible-that.Hitler
would not leave a successor. The Secretary said "if you want to say
all right, reorganize.it in any way that suits you and put in anybody
.
you want, we will stick by our position".
The Secretary concluded.by .saying he thought it would be wise to
have lIr. Bohlen 8 on hand at the 12: 30 meeting since lli. Bohlen had
. .kepra l'Kvrd of raJrol .a::.d L.:.s P!'C:..~'::-C ~v-:;.2ci s;:;:-c:.:::g-.l.c.;::. Vkr r-;-i
J C£E:fiI C. GEEW
r
So?e memors.ndum by the
dll[",,1 :lin reh ::U, p. 4tH.
S~~:r of
the Treasury to President Roose,elr,
. .
• Charles E. Bohlen, AssIstant to the Secretary ot State for White House liaison.
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
HO.00119 Control (GermaD;y)/3-2345
.
(}1..(.Lr,
~
..\
_." ~--~-~-~--
.~'i71
11 <IS. ,.
Merrwrandum 'by the Aoting Seoretatry of State to President Roo8evelt
.:
March 23, 1945.
I am attaching for your a.pprova.l a memoranduin dealing with
American polic for the treatment of Germany. It is my belief, and
t 1::1 0 t e others who attended yesterday's meeting with you, that it
represents your views as brought out in our conversation. .This memo
mndum was prepared jointly and has the approval of the State, .
Treasury and War Departments...
WASHINGTON,
JOSEPH
C. GREW
[Annex]
Memo'l'arul/um Regarding Americam.. PoZicy for the T'I'eaflmml,t of
.
G~~9
[WA8BINGTON,] March 23, 1945.
. The following is a summary Of U.S. policy relatin to German . in.
the mI a po - eeat pen.
S su
It w
e mtroduood into
meEuropea.n Advisory Commission, and will be used as the basis
for directives to be issued to. the U.S. CoIllDianding General in..
Germ~y.
. . The authority of the Control Council to formulate policy with
respect to matters afl'ecting GermanY as a whole sha.ll be paramount,
and its agrOOd policies shall be carried out in each zone by the zone
.. commander. In. the absence of such agreed policies, and in. mattas
e.:tclt:i5i're1y affecting his own zoo.e,the lrQna cnmmander w:ill e:.rercisa
hi:> authority' in accordance with .directives received from his own
government.
, The adm:inist:ration of a1fa.irS in Germany shoold be directed toward
the decentraliz.acion of the political 5tl"IlCt1ll'e and the development
of local responsibility. The German eConomy shall also be deCen
tralized, except that to the minimum extent required for carrying
-out the· purposes set forth herein,· the Control Council may permit
Of establish central control of (a) essential national public services
such as railroads, communications and power; (b) finance and foreign
a tIairs, and (c) production and distri bntion of eg;entjaJ oom.modi.ties.
T:.:.:e ",";-.i.jj ~ Eq;:;:'tabl.: dL.:;::r:(rurivn of .::...-jj oommod.iries 'bOCween·rhe
£t;.-t:ral zones.
'..
Germany~i3 ruthless warfare and fanatical Nazi resistance have
de~t royed German economy and made chaos IUld sufl'ering inevitable.
The Germans cannot escape responsibility f9r what they have brought
upoil themselves.
• A marginal note reads: "O.K. FDR, supersedIng memo.
of Miu' 10th 45",
,
�472
•
•.
'
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
Controls may be imposed upon the German economy only' as may
be necessary (i) to carry out programs, of industrial disarmament
and demilitarizllition, reparations, and of relief for liberated areas
as prescribed by appropriate higher auth<?rity and (b) to assure the
production and maintenance of goods and· services required to meet
the needs of the Occupying forces and displaced personsin Germany,.
and essential to. prevent starvation or such disease or civil unrest as.
would endanger theoecupying forces. No action shall be taken, in.
execution of the reparations program or otherwi~, which would tend
to support basic living standards in Germany on a higher level than,
that existing many one of the neighboring United, Nations. All
economic and financial international transactions, including exports
and imports, shall be controlled with the aim of preventing Germany
from developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives
named herein. The first charge on all approved exports for repara
tions or otherwise Shall be a sUm necess9.ry to pay for imports. No
extension of credit' ~ Germ~ny or Germans by any foreign person
or' Government' shall be' permitted, except that the' Control Council
in special emergencies grant such permission. Recurrent repa
rationa shotild not, by their form or amount, require ,the rehabilitation
ord~veJ.opment of German heavy industry and should not foster the
dependence of other ~Ufitries. upon the German economy.
" ,
In the imposition and maintenance of economic contrOls, German
authori~ies will to the fullest extent practicable be ordered to proclaim
,and assume administration of such cOntrols. Thus it should be
brought· home to the Gerinan people that the responsibility for the
administration of sribh, controls and f~r, any breakdowns in those
oontrols,will rest with themselves and their own authorities.
,. The Nazi party and its affiliated and supervised organizations and
all Nazi public institutions shall be dissolved and their revival pre
ventec;l Nazi and militaristic activity or propaganda ill' any form
shall be prevented.
.
There shall be established a coordinated, system of control over,
Genpan eduCation designed c;ompletely to eliminate Nazi and mili-'
tarist doctrines and to make possible the development', of' democratic
ideas.
",
.
Nazi laws which provide the basis 'of the Hitler regiri1~ or which
establish discriminations on grounds of race, creed or poiitical opinioll t
shall be abolished.
'
All members of the Nazi party who have been more than nominal
participants in its activities, and all other p~rsons hostile to Allied
purposes' will be removed from public office' and from positions of
responsibility in private enterprise.
.
•
473
war criI!les, shall be arrested,· brought to trial and punished. Nazi
leaders and iIifluential Nazi supporters and tiny other persons dan
gerous to the occupation or its objectives, shall be arrested and
interned.
.
A suitable p-rogram for ,the restitution of property looted by Ger
mans shall be carried out promptly.
'
The Geiman armed forces, including the Gerieral Staff, and all
para-military organizations, shall be promptly 'demobilized and dis
banded in such it manner as permanently to prevent their -revival or
reorganization.
. .
The German war potential shall be destroyed. As part of the pro
gram to attainthis objective, all iInplementS of war and all specialized'
facilities for the'production of armaments shall be seized or destroyed.
The maintenance and production of all aircraft and implements of
war shall be prevented.
JOSEPH C. GREW
FRANK CoE
ILumy D. WHITE
J. H. HrLLDRING
. H. FREEMAN MATl'HEWS
WlLLIAHL. CLAYTON
JOHNJ. McCLoy
HENRY MORGENTHAU, Jr.
may
WfI,T' 0T'lmlnfll~ !1!\N t.h~~", """h" h .... ...,,, ........f;,,;,..n~",.l :~ _,,, __ :.... -"
-,EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
-
740.00119 EAC/8-17~: Te]egram
The Aoting Seoretary of State to the Amha88ador in the United
,
, . Kingdom.(Winant) ,
I,
I
I
i
W ASmNGTON, :March 24, 1945-7p. m.
2292. ~ nell! definitive statement of policy to take the place of the
memorandum' on policy , toward Germany, referred to in our 2076,
'March 17,5 .p. m., ,has been .drafted in collaboration with the War
and Treasury Departments.. This memorandum da~d March 23,
1945 has. received the approval of the' President. and supersedes the
memorandum mentioned in our 2076. The' new' policy. statement is
considerably shorter than our memorandum of Mar~h 10 but contains
many of the points made therein. We believe that it sufficiently re
flects the Department's point of view to help your continued ,nego-', .
thltions in the EAC.
It has been agreed with the War Department that a revision of
JCS 1067 must be prepared and likewise that the remaining draft
directives must be cleared in Washington and, transmitted to you.
We shall start to work on both of these at once.
The text of the memorandum of March 23 is contained in Depart
ment'simmediately following telegram. 1o
nt>T''I''
--~----:;-
�~:
t-tolllPor n
•
'C(L(7
~ERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
156
visional authorities or other governments in Europe when matters of direct
interest to them are under'consideration.
:
When, in the opinion'of the three governments, conditi()Dsin any European
liberated state or any former Axis satellite state in Europe make such action
necessary, they will immediately consult together on the measures necessary to
discharge the joint responsibilities set forth in this deClaration;
By this declaration we reaflirmour faith in the principles of the Atlantic
Otatter, our pledge in the declaration by the United Nations, and our deter
mination to build in cooperation with other peace-loving nations world order
under law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all
mankind.
,
"
, In issuing this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the Pro
visional Government of the French Republic may be associated with them in '
the procedure suggested.
~~.
"
,
The three heads of government consider that the Eastern frontier of PolaI}d,
should follow the Curzon line with digressions from it in some regions of five
to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must ,receive
substantial accessions of territ()ry in the North and West. They feel that the
opinion of the 'new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should
be sought in due course on the extent of these accessions and that the final
,delimitation of the western frontier 'of Poland should thereafter await the
peace conference. . . . .a,'
'
'The final sections of the Report dealt with Yugoslavia, the meeting of foreign ministers
to be held in future. and the maintenance of unity among 'the Allies beyond the ,War.
/Cl.*S-'
, 117
APPENDIX
VIII
DIRECTIVE TO COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF UNITED STATES
FORCES OF. OCCUPAnON REGARDING MILITARY
GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY.
April 28, 19451
Poland
A new situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete libera
tion by the Red Army. This calls for the establishmeQt of a Polish' provisional
government whiCh can be more broadly based than was possible before the
recent liberation of Western Poland. The provisional, government which is
now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganiz~d on a broader demo
cratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself and
from Poles abroad.' This new government should thep be called the Polish
Provisional Government of National ,Unity.
Mr. Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. dark Kerr are authorized as a com
mission to consult in the first instance in Moscow' with members of the present
provisional government and with other Polish democratic leaders from within
Poland and from abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present gov
ernment along the above lines., This Polish Provisional Government of Na
tional Unity shall be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections
as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage and se~retballot., In these
elections all democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall have, the right to take part
and to put forward candidates.
'
, '
When a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity has been properly
formed in conformity with the above, the government of the USSR, which
now maintains diplomatic re13,tions with the present provisional government of
Poland, and the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the :
U.S.A. will establish diplomatic relations with the new Polish Provisional
Government of National Unity, and will exchange ambassadors by whose're·
ports the respective governments will be kept informed about the' situation in
Apr . ,
-1
I
..-r
, It is considered appropriate, at the time of the release to the American public
of the following directive setting forth United States policy with reference to ,
. th.e military government of Germany, to preface the directive with a short state
ment of the circumstances surrounding the issuance of the directive to General
Eisenhower.
',
,"
,
-The directive was issued originally in April, 1945, and was intended to serve
. two purposes. ' It was to' guide General Eisenhower'in the military government
, of' that portion of Germany occupied by United States forces. At, the same
time he was 'directed to urge'the Control Council to adopt these policies for
enforcement throughout Gert,nany. ,
Before this directive was discussed in the Control Council, President T~an,
Prime Minister Attlee, and Generalissimo ,Stalin met at Potsdam and issued a
communique setting forth agreed policies for the control of-Germany. This
communique was made public on 2 August 1945. The directive, therefore,
should be read in -the light of the policies enumerated at Potsdam. In par
ticular, its provisions regarding disarmament,' economic and financial matters,
and reparations should be read together with the similar 'provisions set out
in the Potsdam Agreement on the treatment of Germany in the initial control
period and in the agreement on reparations contained in the Potsdam com
munique. _Many of the policy statements contained in, the directive have been
in sUDstance adopted by the Potsdam Agreement. Some policy statements, in
the Potsdam Agreement differ from the policy statements on the same subjects
in the directive., In such cases, the policies
the Potsdam, Agreement are con
trQlling. Where the Potsdam Agreement is silent on matters of policy dealt
with in the directive,the latter continues to guide General Eisenhower in his
administration of the United, States zone in Germany.
or
DIRECTIVE TO COMMANDER·IN·CHIEF OF UNITED STATES FORCES OF
OCCUPATION RE~ARDING THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF ~ERMANY
1. The Purpose and' Scope of this Directive:
,
This directive is ,issued to you as Commanding General of the United States
Fo'rces of Occupation in Germany. As such you will serve as United States
member of the Control Council and will also be responsible for the administra
tion of, military government in the 'zone, or zones assigned to the United States
for purposes, of occupation and administration.' It outlines the' basic _
policies
which will guide you in tho~ two capacities after the termination of the com
bined command of the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
This directive sets forth policies relating to Germany in the initial post-defeat
period. As such it, is not intended to be an ultimate statement of policies of
this Government concerning the treatment of Germany in the postwar world.
'The document, known as .]CS·1067, was sent by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to General
Eisenhower on April 28,_ 1945. The Department of State released it to the press on
October 17 adding the introductory statement.' Department of State. Bulll!lin, Vol. XIII
(1945), pp. 596·607.
I"
�158
.eERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT·
.
It is therefore essential that, during the period covered by this directive, you
assure that surveys are· constantly maintained of economic, industrial, financial,
social and political conditions within your zone and that the results of such sur
veys and such other surveys as may be made in. other zones are made available
to your Government, through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. These surveys should
be developed in such manner as to serve as a basis (or determining changes
in the measures of control set fo!th herein as -well as for the progressive formu
lation and development of policies to promote the basic objectives of the United
States. Supplemental directives will be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of
Staff as may be required.
. As a member of the Control Council you will urge the adoption by the other
occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth in this directive and,
pending Control Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone. !tis
anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to the - Com
. manders-in·Chief of the UK,USSR and French forces of ocCupation.
•
PART I
GENERAL AND POLITICAL·
2, The Basis of Military Government
a. The rights, power and status of the military government in Germany are
bl\Sed upon the unconditional.surrender or total defeat of Germany.
b. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 below, you are, by virtue of your
position, clothed with supreme legislative, executive, and judicial'· authority in
the areas occupied by forces under your· command. This authority will •be
. broadly construed and includes authority to take all measures deemed by you
necess~ry, appropriate or desirable. in relation to military exigencies and the
objectives of a firm military government. .
c. You will issue a proclamation-continuing in force such proclamations;
orders and instructions as may have heretofore been issued by .i\.llied Com
manders in your zone, subject to such changes as you may determine: Authoriza
tions of action by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary· force, may
be considered as applicable to you unless inconsistent with this or later
directive~.
3. The Control COt/ncil and Zones of Occu'pation.;
a. The Four Commanders· in-Chief, acting jointly, will constitl!te the Control
Council in Germany, which will be the supreme organ of control over Germany
in accordance with the agreement on Control Machinery in Germany. For
purposes of administration of military government, Germany has been divided
into four zones of occupation.
.
b. The authority. of the Control Council to formulate policy and procedures
and administrative relationships 'Yith respect to matters affe~ting Germany as a
whole will be paramount throughout Germany. You will carry. out and support
. in your zone the policies agreed _upon in the Control Council. In the absence
of such agreed policies you will act in accordance with this and other directives
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
..
..
.
Co The administration of affairs in Germany shall be directed toward the
decentralization of the political and administrative structure and the develop
ment of local responsibility. To this end you will encourage autonomy in ·re·
gional, local and municipal agencies of German administration. The German
\
.
APPENDIX
•
159
economic structure shall also be decentralized. The Control Council may, how
ever, to the minimum extent required Jor the fulfillment of purposes set forth
herein, permit centralize~ administration _or establish central control of (a)
essential national public services, such as railroads, communications arid power,
(b) finance and foreign affairs and (c) production and distribution of essential
commodities.
d. The -Control Council should adopt . procedures to effectuate, and you will
·facilitate in your zone, the equitable aistribution of essential commodities be
tween the zones. In the absence of a· conflicting policy of the Control Council,
you inay deal directly with one or more zone commanders 6n matters of special
concern to such zones.
e. Pending the formulation in the Control. Council of uniform policies and
procedures with respect to interzonal travel and movement of civilians, no
civilians shall be permitted to leave or enter your zone without your· authority,
and no Germans within your zone shall be· permitted to leave Germany except
for specific purposes· approved by you.
.
'.,
.
f. The military government personnel in each zone, including thos-e dealing
with regional and local. branches of .the departments of any central German
administrative machinery, shall be selected by authority of the commander of
that zone except that liaison officers may be furnished by the Commanders of
the other three zones. The respective Commanders-in-Chief shall have exclusive
jurisdiction throughout the whole of Germany over the members of the armed
forces .under their command and over the civilians who accompany them. .
g. The Control Council should be responsible. for facilitating the severance
·of all governmental and· administrative connections between Austria and Ger
many and the elimination of German economic irifluences in Austria. Every
assistance should- be given' to the Allied Administration in Austria in its efforts.
to effectuate these purposes.
4: Basic Objectives of Military Government in. Germany:
a. It should be brought home to the Germans that Germany's ruthless war
fare and the fanatical Nazi resistance .have destroyed the. Gerrtian economy and
made chaos and suffering inevitable and that the Germans cannot escape respon
sibility for what they have brought upon themselves~ .
b. Germany' will not be occupied for the purpose of liberation but as a de~
feated enemy nation. Your aim is not· oppression but to occupy Germany for
the purpose of realizing certain important Allied objectives. In the conduct
of your· occupation and administration you should be just but firm and aloof.
You will strongly discourage fraternization with the German officials and
population.
.
.
. .
.
c. The principal ·Allied objective is to prevent Germany from ever again
· becoming a threat to -the peace of the world. Essential steps in the accomplish
ment of this objective are the elimination of Nazism and militarism in all their
. forms, the immediate apprehension of war criminals for punishment, the in
dustrial disarmament and demilitarization of Germany, with continuing control
over Germany's capacity to make war, and the preparation for an eventual
reconstruction of German political life on a democratic basis. .
.
d. OJher Allied objectives are to enforce the program of reparations and
restitution, to lrovide relief for the benefit of countries devastated by Nazi
aggression, an to ensure that prisoners of war and displaced persons. of the
United Nations are cared for and repatriated.
�160
:e
4IrnRICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
5. Economic ControiJ:
, a; As a member of the Control Council and as zone commander, you will· be
guided by the principle that controls upon the German. economy, may be im·
posed to the extent that such controls may be necessary to achieve the objectives
enumerated in paragraph 4 above, and also as they may be essential,to protect
the safety and meet the needs of the occupying forces and assume the production
and maintenance of goods 'and' services required to prevent' starvation or such
disease and unrest as would en'danger these forces. No action will:be taken in
execution of the reparations program or otherwise which would tend to support
basic living conditions.in Germany or in your zone on a higher level than that
existing in anyone of the neighboring 'United Nations.
, b. IIi the imposition and maintenance of such ,controls as may be prescribed
by, you or the Control Council, German, authorities will to the fullest extent
practicable be ordered to proclaim and assume administration of such controls. .
, Thus it should be brought home to the German people that the responsibility
f~r the administration of such controls and for any breakdowns in those controls
will rest with themselves and German authorities.
.
6. Denazification:
a. A Proclamation,dissolving the NaZi party, its formations,affiliated assoda
tionsand supervised organizations, and all Nazi public institutions which were
set up as instruments of Party dominlltion, and prohibiting their revival in any
form, should be promulgated by the ,Control Council. You will assure the
prompt effectuation of that policy in your zone and will make every effort' to '
prevent the reconstitiltionof any such organization in underground, disguised or
'secret form. Responsibility for continuing desirable non-political social services
of dissolved Party organizations may be'transferred by the Control Council to
appropriate central agencies and by you to appropriate local agencies.
, b. The laws purporting to establish the political structure of National So
cialism and the basis of the Hitler regime and all laws, decrees and regulations
which establish discriminations on grounds of race, nationality, creed. or 1'0
litical opinions should be abrogllted by' the Control Cotmcil. You will render
them inoperative in your zone.
'
c. All members of the Nazi party, who have been more than nominal lar
ticipants in its activities, all active supporters of Nazism or militarism an all
other persons hostile to Allied purposes will be removed and excluded from
public office and from positions of, importance in, quasi-public and private
enterprises such as (1) civic, economic and labor organizations, (2) corpora
, tions and other organizations in which the German Government or subdivisions
have a major financial interest, (3) industry, commerce, agriculture and finance,
(4) education, and (5) the press, publishing houses and other agencies dis
seminating news and propaganda. Persons are to be treated as more than
nominal participants in party activities and as active supporters of Nazism or
militarism when they have (1) held office or otherwise been active at any level
from local to national in the party and its subordinate organizations, or in
organizations which further militaristic doctrines, (2) authorized or participated
affirmatively in any. Nazi crimes, racial persecutions or discriminatioQs, (3)
~ avowed believers in Nazism or raci.al and militaristic creeds, or .(4) vol·
untarily given substantial moral' or material support or political assistance of any
kind to the Nazi Party or Nazi officials and leaders. No such persons shall be
oj'!
APPENDIX
•
161
retained in any of the categories of employment listed above because of admin-'
: istrative necessity, convenience 'or expediency:
,
. '.'
.d. Property, real and personal, owned or controlled by the Nazi party, its
formations, affiliated-associa,tions and supervised organizations, and by all per- .
sons subject to arrest 'under the provisions of. paragraph 8, and found within
your zone, will be taken under your control pending a decision by the Control
Councilor higher a~thorityas to its eventual disposition.
e, All archives, monuments and museums of Nazi inception, or which, are '
, devoted to the perpetuation of German militarism, will be taken under your
c~trol and their properties held pending decision as to their disposition by the
'Control CoUncil.
'
. f. You will make special efforts to preserve frorri'destruction and take under
your control records, plans, books, documents, papers, liles, and scientific, iQ
du,strial' and other inforllUtion and data belonging to or controlled by the
Jollow.ing:
.
(1) ,The Central German .Government and its subdivisions, German mhi
tary, organizations, organizations engllged in military research, and such other
governmental agencies as ,may be deemed advisable;
(2) The Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations;
. .
. ' ,
(3) All poli~e orgaoiiations, including security and political police; ,
(4) Important economic organizations and industrial 'establishments, in
cluding those controlled by the Nazi Party or its personnel;
"
. (5) .Institutes and special bureaus devoting themselves to racial, political,
militaristic or similar resea,rch or propaganda.
.
, 7. Demilitarization:
'
.
a. In your zone you will assure that all' units of the German armed forces,
including para-military organizations, are dissolved ,as such, an4 that their per·
sonnel are promptly disarmed and controlled.' Prior to their final. disposition, ,
you will arrest and hold all military personnel who are included under the
provisions of paragraph 8.
,
b. The Control Council should proclaim, and in your zone you will effectuate,
the total dissolution of all military and para-military organizations, including
the General Staff, the German Officers' Corps, the Reserve Corps and military
academies, together with all 'assOciations which, might serve to keep alive the
military tradition in Germany.
,
"
. c . .You will seize or destroy all arms, ammunition and implements of war
and stop the production thereof.
, ... d. You will take proper steps to destroy the German war potential, as set
forth elsewhere in this directive.
,
'
.
8. SUJpected War Criminals and Security ArreilJ:
a. You will 'search out, arrest and hold, pending receipt by you of further
instructions as to their disposition, Adolf Hitler, his chief Nazi associates, other
war criminals and all persons who have participated in planning or carrying out
Nazi enterprises' involving or resulting in atrocities or war. crimes.
b. AU persons who" if permitted to, remain at large would endanger the
accomplishment of your objectives will also be arrested and held in custody
until trial by an appropriate semi-judicial body to be established by you. The
1
;.1
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«
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162
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT '
following is a partial list of the categories of persons in order to carry out this
policy.
' .
'
[Note: There follows at this point in the directive a detailed list of cate
gories of Nazi war criminals and others who are to be arrested. Some of these,
have not yet been found. It is considered that to publish the categories at this
time would put ,the individuals concerned on notice and would interfere with
their apprehension and punishment, where appropriate. The list of categories.
is, therefore, withheld from publication for the present.]
If in the light of conditions which you encounter in Germany, you believe
-that it is not immediately feasible to subject certain persons within these cate
gories to this treatment, you should report your reasons and recommendations to
your Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. If you believe it desirable,
you may postpone the ,arrest of those whose cases you have reported, pending
a decision communicated to you by the J.C.S. In no event shall any differentia
tion be made between or special consideration be accorded to persons arrested,
, , either as to manner of arrest or conditions of detention, upon the basis of
-wealth or political, industrial, or other rank or position. In your discretion you
may make such exceptions as you deem advisable for intelligence or other
,military reasons.
9. Political Activities:"
a. No political activities of any kind shall be countenanced unless authorized
by you. You will assure that your military government does not become com
mitted to any rolitical group. .
. .
h. You will prohibit the propagation in any form of Nazi militaristic or pan,_
German doctrines.
, ''
c. No German parades, military or" political, civilian or sports, shall be
permitted by you.
..
'
d. To the extent that military interests are not prejudiced and subject to the
.provisions of the three preceding subparagraphs and of paragraph 10, freedom
, of speech, press and religious worship ~ill be p~rmitted. Consistent with
military necessity, all religious institutions will be respected.
10. Public Relations and Control of Public Information:
As a member of the Control Council, you ';/ill' endeavor to obtain agreell)ent
for uniform and coordinated policies with respect to (a) control of public in
formation media in Germany, (b) accrediting of foreign correspondents, (c)
press censorship, and (d) issuance of official news communiques dealing with
Control Council matters. United States policies in these matters will be sent
to you separately and you will be guided by these in your negotiations on the
Control Council.'
'
11. German Courts:
-a. All extraordinary courts, including the VolksgerichtIhof (People's Court)
and the Sondergerichte (Special Courts), and all courts and tribunals of the
Nazi Party. and of its formations, affiliated associations and supervised organiza
tions will be abolished immediately. '
'
b. All ordinary criminal, civil and administrative courts, except those pre
viously re-established by order of the military government, will be closed. After
the elimination of all Nazi features and personnel you will permit those which
are to exercise jurisdiction within the boundaries of your zone to resume opera
APPENDIX
•
163
tions under such regulations, supervision and control as you may consider
appropriate. Courts which are to exercise jurisdiction over territory extending
beyond the boundaries of your zone will be reopened only with: the express
"authorization of the Control Council and under its regulation, supervision and
control. The power to review and veto decisions of German courts shall be
included within the power of supervision and control.
12. Police:
, With the exception of the Reichskriminalpolizei (Criminal Police), all ele
ments of the SicherheitIpoJizei (Security Police), e.g., Geheime StaatJpolizei
, (Gestapo), and the SicherheitIdienst der
will be abolished. Criminal and
.ordinary police will },e purged of Nazi personnel and utilized under the control
and supervision of the Military Government.
13. Political Prisoners:
Subject to military security and the interests of the individuals concerned,
you will release all persons found within your zone who have been detained
or placed in custody on grounds of race, nationality, creed or political opinions
and treat them as displaced persons. You should mak~ provision for the review
,of convictions of alleged criminal offenses about which. there may be substan
'-. tial suspicion of racial, religious or political persecution, and in which sentences· "
of imprisonment have not been fulfy served by persons imprisoned within your
%one.
14. Education:
a. All educational institutions within your zone, except those previously re
-established by Allied authority, will be dosed. The closure of Nazi educational
institutions, such as Adolf Hitler &hulen, Napolas and Ordensburgen, and of
1
NaZi organizations within other educational institutions will be permanent. '
I
b. A coordinated system of control over German educati()n and ~ affirmative
;,
program of reorientation will be established, designed ·completely to eliminate
Nazi and militaristic doctrines and to encourage the developmen~ of democratiC
s.s.
~.
j
~\
~
~~
. .
,
. c. You will permit the reopening of elementarY' (Volksschulen) , middle
(MiueJschulen) and vocational (Berufsschulen) schools at the earliest possible
, ' date after Nazi personnel has been eliminated. Textbooks and curricula which
are not free' of Nazi and militaristiC doctrine shall' not be used. The Control
Council should devise programs looking toward the reopening of secondary
schools, universities and other institutions of higher learning. After Nazi fea
tures and personnel have been el~minated and pending the formu~ation of such
programs by. the Control Council, you may formulate and put ,lOto effect an
interim program within your zone and.in any case may permit the reopening
of such institutions and .departments which offer training which you consider
immediately essential or useful in the administration of military government
and the purpose of the occupation.
d. It is not intended that the military g9vernment will intervene in questions
concerning denominational, control of German schools, or in religious instruc
tion in German· schools, except insofar as may be necessary to insure that reli
gious instruction and administration of such schools conform to such Allied
regulations as are. or may be established pertaining to purging of personnel
and curricula.
�164
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
••••
IJ. Arts and Archivn:
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 6 above, you will make all reaso~8.ble
efforts to preserve ~istorical. archives, museums, libraries IItld,works of .art. ,
PART II
General' Objectives and Meihods of Control.
16. You will ,assure tQat the German economy is a,dn:iinistered and controlled
in such a way is to accomplish,the basic objectives set forth in paragraphs~4
and 'of this directive .. ' Economic controls will be imposed only to the ext(!nt, '"
. necessary to accomplish these objectives, provided that you will impose controls
'to the full extent necessary to achieve the .industrial disarmament of Germany.
; Except as may l?e necessary to carry out these objectives, you will take 0<;1 steps
. (8) looking toward the'economic rehabilitation of Germany, or '(b) designed
" to maintain or strengthen the German, economy.. '.' ,
.'
...
'17. To the maximtt.ril extent possible ,without feopardizingthe successful
execution of measures required to implement, the objectives outlined' in para-'
, graphs 4 and , of this directive you will use German authoritieS 'and agencies
and subject them to sncbS!lpervision and punishment for non<ompliance as
is necessary to insure that' theY carry out their tasks:
.
. .'
: For this purpose you will give appropriate authority to any Germ,an agenc~es
and administrative services you consider essential; ,rovided, however, that .you
will .at ~ times adhere strictly .to, the provisions 0 this directive' 'regarding de
naZification and dissolution. or elimination of Na%i organizations, institutions,
,,~
'. . ".
.
pririciples; features and practices. .
To the extent necessary you will establish administrative machinery, ngt depen
d~t upon German authoritieslltld agencies,to eXecute or assure the execution
, of the provisions of paragraphs 19, 20, 30, 31, 32, 39 and 40 and any other
measures necessary, to" an accomplishment of your· inc;lustrial disarmament ob
.. jectives..
.' "
.'.
.
. 18. In' order to decentralize .the struCture and adniinistration of the German .
economy to' the maximum possible extent, you will:, . . . ' .
. ' ..
a.' Ensure that the action'required to maintain or restore. essential public utili
ties and industrial and' agricultural'aqivities is taken a$ far· as possible on' a local
and regional basis;."
"
....
.
b. on no account, propose or approve in the Control C;ouncil the establish
. ment of centralized administration of control~ over the German economy except .
where such centralization of administration ,is dearly essehtialto the fulfillment
, .0Lthe objectives listed in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this di,ective. Decentralization.
in idministration should not be permitted to interfere with attainment"of the '
largest practicable measure of agreemf!l?t 01). econom.ic policies in the Control
Council.
. ,
.
i9. You will institute or assure' the maintenance of such statistical records
and reports as may be necessary in carrying out the obfectives listed in para
graphs 4 and 5 of this directive. ,
.::"
" , '.
20. You will initiate appropriate surveys ,!/,hich may assist you in achieving
the objectjves of the occupation. In particular you will promptly undertake
surveys of supplies, equipment and resources in your zone. You will endeavor
to obtain. prompt agreeqlent in the Control Council to the making. of similar
,
APPENDIX '
•
165
surveys i,n' the ot1ie~, zones' of occupation, and' you. will tirgeappropria~e steps.
to coord mate the methods and results of these and other future sun.:eys con
ducted in the various zOnes•. You will keep the Control CoUncil, Unit~ States
repr.eseritative .on'the·Rep:uation C;ommiss!on and other .apP!opriate ~uthor!ties.
currently appnsed of the lOformattonobtamed by means or lOterme~hate ,repOrts
or otherwise.
'...
.
.
'
i
German Stand;'ds of Lilling
!.
. '21. You will estimate requirements of supplies neCessary to prevent s~arva-'
I . ' tion or widespre;td ·disease or such civil unrest as would endanger the occupy:
,
. ing forces: SU:chest~ates will be'based upon,a program whereby tlleGermans
are made responsible for providing for themselves, out of their' own work and
resources. Yau will' take all practicable, economic and police ineasur~ to: assure
that Gerinan resources are fully Jltilized and consumptiOn hdd to the minimum
in order that imports may f:,e' strictly Jimited and that surpluses may be' 1IIade
available c f~>r .the occupying ,forces arid displaced persons and United Nations
prisoners of war, and Jor reparation. You will take no action that would. tend .
to sUpport basic living standards in Germany on a higher levd than that exist-,
ing in any one of the neighboring United Nations and you will take approprillte
measures to, ensure that basic living standards of the Geiman peOple are not
higher than those existing in anyone of the neighboring United 'Nations when
such measures will tontrjbu~e to raising the standards of any such nation.. . .'
22: YOil will urge ,upon the Control.Councitthat uniform ration scales be
applied throughout Germany; that essential items be distributed. equitably aniong
the zones, that net surpluses be made available for export to Allied countries,
. .
and that imports be limited to the net deficits of Germany as a whole.
lAbor, Health and SodallnslJrance'
.
" ..
23. You will per~it the self-organization ofempI~yees dong democratic
lines, subject to such safeguards as may, be necessary to prevent the perpetuation
of NaZi or militarist influence under .any guise or the continuation of any group
hostile to the objectives and operations of the occupying forces.
.
i
j
24. You will permit free"collective bargaining between employees and em"
ployers regarding wage, hour and working conditions and the establishment of
· machinery for the settlement of industrial disputes.. Collective bargaining shall
be subject to ~uch wage, hour and other controls,.if any, as may be instituted
.
'.':
.
..
or revived I>y yo~r direction.,
25. Subject to the provisions of"paragraph 48 of this directive you ,are 'autllor
ized to direct German authorities to maintain or reestablish non-discriminatory, .
systems of social i.nsur~ce androor relief.
".
..
...... .
26. You are authorIzed to duect the German authoritIes to mamtam or' re
, . '. establish such health services and facUities as may be available to them.
. Agriculture,. Industry and internal Comm;erce
· .27. ,You will r~quire the Germans ~o use :all.means at~eir dispo~al tomaxi~
mize agricultural output'and to,estabhsh as rapIdly as poSSIble effective machin
.'
c
ery for the collection and distribution of agricultural output:
28. You will direct the German authorities to utilize· large-landed estates and'
public lands in a manner which will facilitate the accommodation and settlement.
of Germans and~oth~rs or increase agricultural output.
'
,.
29. You will protect from destruction by the Germans, and maintain for such
· disposition as is determined by, this and other directives or by the. Control Coun
I
ECONOMIC
"
"
�166
cil, all plants, equipment, patents and other property, and aU books and records
of large German industrial companies and trade and research associations that
have been essential to the German war effort or the German economy ; You will
pay particular attention to research and experimental establishments of such
concerns.
30. In order to disarm Germany, the Control Council should
a. prevent the production, acquisition by importation or otherwise, and de
velopment of all arms, ammunition and implements of war, as well as all types.
of aircraft, and all parts, components and ingredients specially designed or pro- '
duced for incorporation therein;
b. prevent the production of merchant ships, synthetic rubber and oil, alumi-,
num and magnesium and any other produc;:ts and equipment on which, you will
subsequently r~eive instruct~ons;, '
"
c: Seize and ~afeguard all facilities used in the production of any of the items
'
,
mentioned in this paragraph and dispose of them as follows:
(1) remove all those r~quired for reparation;
"
.'
,
,(2) destroy all tho,se not transferred for reparation if they are especially
adapted to the production of the items specified' in this paragraph and are not
of a type generally used in industries permitted to the Germans (cases of doubt
to be resolved in favor of dc;'struction);
'"
,
(3) hold the balance for disposal in accordapce with instructions which will
be sent to you..
'
'
.
Pending agreement in' the Control Council you will take these flleasures in
your zone. You will not postpone enforcement of the' prohibitions contained
in sub-paragraphs il and D and the instructions in sub-paragraphs c. without '.'
, specific approval of your Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff except
that, in YO,ur discretion, you may permit the production of synthetic rubber and",
oil, aluminum and magnesium, to the minimum extent necessary to meet the
purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the directive pending action by the
Joint Chiefs of Staff upon such recommendation for postponement as you may
~.
•
eERICAN MiLITARY GOVERNMENT
.
- '
.
'
,
31. As an additional measure of disarmament, the Control Council should
a. prohibit initially all research activities and close all laboratories, research
institutions and similar technical organizations except those considered necessary
to the protection of public health;·
,
.
.
b. abolish all those laboratories and related institutions whose work has been
connected. with the building of the German war machine, . safeguard initially
such laboratories and detain such personnel a~ are of interest to your, techno
logical investigations, and ,thereafter remove or destroy their equipment;
. c. permit the resumption of scientific research in specific cases, only after.,
careful investigation has established that the contemplated research will in no
way contribute' to Germany's future war potential and only under appropriate
regulations which (1) define the specific types of research permitted, (2) ex
clude from further research activity any persons who previously held key posi
tions in German war research, (3) provide for frequent inspection, (4) require
free disclosure 'of the results of the research and (5) impose severe penalties,
including permanent closing of the offending institution, whenever the regula
.,
tions are violated.
'
'
Pending agreement in the ~ontrol Council you will adopt such' measures in
your own zone.
j
•
•j'
I
I. '
I
"I
ApPENDIX
•
167
32. Pending final Allied .agr~ements on reparation an~ on control or elimina
tion of German industries that can be utilized for war production, the Control
Council should
,
a. prohibit and prevent production of iron and steel, chemicals, non-ferrous
metals (excluding aluminum and magnesium), machine tools, radio and elec
trical equipment, autQmotive ,vehicles, heavy machinery and important parts
thereof, except for the purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive;
b. prohibit and prevent rehabilitation of plant and equipment in such indus
tries except for the purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive; and
, c. safeguard plant and equipment in such industries for transfer on repara
tion account.,
,
Pending agreement ih the Control Council, you will put such measures into
effect in your own zone as soon as you have had an opportunity to review ,and
determine production necessary for the purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5
of this directive.
'
33. The Control Council should adopt a policy permitting the conversion of
facilities other than those mentioned in paragraphs 30 and 32 to the production '
of light consumer goods, provided that such conversion does not prejudice the
subsequent, removal of plant and equipment on reparation account and does not
require any imports beyond those necessary for the purposes specified in para
graphs 4 and 5 of this directive. Pending agreement in the Control Council,
",
you may permit such conversion in your zone.:
'34. Subject to the. provisions, of paragraphs 30 arid 32, the Contro~ Council"
should assure that all feasible measures are-taken to facilitate, to the minimum
, ~xtent necessary for the purposes outlined in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive:
a. repairs to and restoration of essential. transportation services and .public
utilities;
b. emergency repair and construction of the minimum shelter required for
the civilian population;
c. production of coal and any other goods and services (excluding goods
specified in paragraphs 30 and 32, unless measures to facilitate production are
,specifically approved by "this Governmel)t through the Joint Chiefs of Staff)
required for the purposes outlined in paragraphs 4 and 50f this directive.
You will assure that such measures are taken in your own zone pending agree"
ment in the" Control C o u n c i l . ,
.
35. 'In yo~r capacity as zone commander and as member of the Control Coun
cil you will take steps to provide for the equitable interzonal distribution and the
movement of goods and services essential to the purposes set forth in paragraphs
4 and 5, of this directive.
36. You will prohi~it all, cartels Or other private business arrangements and
'cartel·like organizations, including those of ~ public or quasi-public character,
such as the If/irtJchafugruppen, providing for the regulation of marketing condi- '
tions, including production. prices, exclusive exchange of technical information
, and processes. and allocation. of sales ter:ito:ies. Such necessary public fu~ctions
as have been discharged by these organtzatlons shall be absorbed as rapidly as
poss.ible by approved public agencies.
'
,
,
37. It is the policy of your Government to effect a dispersion of the owner
ship and control of German industry. To assist in carrying out this policy you
will make a survey of combines and pools, mergers, holding companies and
interlocking directorates and communicate the results, togeth,er with recommen
�168
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT'
dations, to your Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff: You ~ill en
deavor to obtain agreement in the Control Council to the making of this survey
in the other' zones of occupation and you will urge the coordi~ation of the
methods and results of ~ this survey in the various zones.
38. With due regard to paragraph 4a, the Control Council should adopt such
p?licie~ as are .clearly necessaq: to prevent or restrain !nBation of a char~cte~ or
dunenslon whIch woulddefulltely endanger accompltshment of the ,obJectIves
of the occupation. The Control, Council, in particular, sh~uld direct and em
power German authorities to maintain or establish,controls over prices and wages
and to take' the fiscal and financial measures necessary to this end. Pending
agreement in the Control COuncil you' will assure, that such measures as you
consider necessary are taken in your own zone. ,Prevention or restraint of inlla
tion shall not constitute an additional ground for the importation of supplies,
nor shall it constitute an additional ground for limiting removal, destruction:
or curtailment of productive facUities in fultillment of theprogtam for repara
DOll, demilitarization and industrial disarmament.
"
,
Power, Transportation and Communications,
39. Both asa member of the Control Council and zone con:unander you will
take appropriate steps to ensure that '
a. power, transportation and communications facilities are directed .in such a
way as to carry 01lt the objectives outlined in paragraphs 4 and , of this directive;
, b. GelmanS are prohibited and prevented from producing, maintaining or
operating all types of aircraft.,
,~'
You, will determine the degree to which centralized control and adrriinistra
Don of power, transportation and communications is clearly necessary for the
objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and , and urge the establishment of this degree
, of centralized control and adrriinistration by the Control Council.
Foreign Trade and Reparations
,
40. The Control Council should establish centralized control over all trades
ingoocls and services with foreign countries. Pendirtg agreement in the Con
trol 'Council you will impose appropriate controls in your own zone. ,
41. Both ~ member of th~ Corttrol' Council and as zone commander you
will take appropriate steps to ensure that
"
,:. '
a. the foreign trade controls are designed to carry out ,the objectives stated
in paragraphs 4 and , of this directive;'
,
b. imports which are permitted' and furnished to Germany are confined to
those unavoidably necessary to the objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and,; ,
c. exports to countries other than the United Nations are prohibited unless
specifically authorized by the Allied Governments.
,
42. Both as member of the Control Council and as zone commander you will
adopt a policy which would forbid German firms to participate in international
cartels or 9ther restrictive contracts and' arrangements and order the, prompt
termination of all' existing German participations in such cartels, contracts and
arrangements.
43. You wiJ.I carry out in your zone ,such programs of reparation and restitu
tion as are embodied in Allied agreements and you will seek agreement in the
Contiol Council on,any policies and measures which it. may be necessary to apply
throughout Germany in order to ensure the execution of such programs.
:
•
APPENDIX
•
169
PART III
FINANCIAL
, 44. You will make full application' in the financial field of the principles
stated elsewhere in' this directive and, you will endeavor to have the' Control
Council adopt uniform financial policies necessary to carry out the pU!J?oses
stated in paragraphs 4 and , of this directive. You will take no steps, deSigned
to maintain,strengthen or operate the German financial structure except insofar
as may be necessary for the purposes specified in this directive.
, 4'. The Control Council should regulate and control to the extent reqUired
for, the purposes set forth in paragraphs 4 and , the issue and volume of Cur
rencyand the extension of credit in Germany and in accordance with the follow
ing principles:. .
' .
a. United States,and ()ther Allied forces will use Allied Military marks and
Reichsmark currency or coins in their possession. Allied Military. marks and
Reichsmark currency and coin now,in circulation in Germany will be, legal tender
without distinction and will be interchangeable at the rate of 1 .Allied Military
mark for 1 Reichsmark.. Reichskreditkassenscheine and other German· military
currency will ':lot be legal tender in Germay. '
'..
.'
.
b'. The Reichsbank, the Rentenbank or any other bank or agency may be per
mitted or required to issue bank notes and currency which will be legal tender;
without such authorization no German governmental or prIvate bank or agency
will beperinitted to· issue bank notes or currency.
.
. '
c. The Ger~an authorities may ~e required to m~e available Reichsmark cur-.
rency or credIts free of cost and m amounts suffictent to meet all expenses of
the forces of occupation, including the cost of Allied Military Gove1'llllient and
including to. the extent that compensation is made therefor. the cost of such
private property as may be requisitioned, seized, or otherwise acquired. by Allied
authorities for reparations or restitution purposes.
. Pending agreement in th~ Control Council you will follow theSe policies in
your own zone.
. '
, .
You will receive .separate instructions relative to· the currency· which you will
use in the event that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied Military marks
and Reichsmarks are not available, or if. the use of such currency is found un
. .
desirable.
. You will not announce or establish in your zone, until ,receipt oLfurther in
structions, any general rate of exchange between the Reichsmark on the one hand
and the U. S. dollar and other currencies on .the other., However, a rate of ex
change to be used exclUSIvely for pay of t!'oops and military accounting purposes
, in your zone will be communicated separately to you.
..
46. Subject to any agreedpolides of the Control Council, you are authorized·
to take the following steps and to put into effect such further financial measures
as you may deem necessary to accomplish the purposes of your occupation:
'
a. To prohibit, or to prescribe regulations regarding transfer or other dealings
in, private or public securities or real estate or other property.
.'
b. To close banks, but only for a period long enough for you to introduce
satisfactory cO[ltrol, to remove Nazi and other undesirable personnel and to issue
instructions for the determination of accounts to be blocked under sub·paragraph
48e below.
.
�170
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
c. To close stock exchanges, insurance companies and similar financial institu
tions for, such periods of time as you deem appropriate. '
d. To establish a general or limited moratorium or moratoria only to the
extent cleady necessary to carry out the objectives stated i.n paragraphs 4 and 5
of this directive.
47 • Resumption 'of partial or complete service on the internal public debt at
the earliest feasible date is deemed desirable. The Control Council should
decide the time and manner of such resumption.
48. Subject to any agreed policies of the Control Council,
,
a. You will prohibit:
, '
'
(1) the payment of all military pensions, or emolum'ents or benefits, except,
compensation for physical disability limiting the recipient's ability to work, at
rates which are no higher than the lowest of those for comparable physical,dis
ability arising from non-military causes.
(2) the payment of all public or private pensions or other emoluments or
benefits granted or conferred:
,
(a) by reason of membership in or services to the fonner Nazi party, its
.formations, afliliated associations or supervised organizations;
(b) to any person who has been removed from an office or position in accord
ance with paragraph 6, and
'
,'
".'
.'
(c) to any person arrested and detained in accordance with paragraph 8 dur
ing the term or his arrest, or permanently, in case of his subsequent conviction.
b. You will take such action as may be necessary to insure that all laws and
practices relating to taxation or other ,fields of finance, which discriminate for
, or against any persons because of race, nationality, creed or political opinion, will
be amended, suspended or abrogated to the extent necessary to eliminate such
discrimination.
'
.
c. You will hold th.e German authorities responsible for taking such measures
in ,the field of taxation ap.d other fields of public finaqce, including restoration
of the tax system and maiptenance' of tax .revenues, as will further the accom-'
plishment of the objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and 5.
d .. You will exercise general supervision over German public expenditures
in order .to ensure that they are consistent with the, objectives stated in para
graphs 4 and 5.
,
e. You will impound or block all gold, silver, currencies, securities, accounts
in financial institutions, credits, valuable papers and all other assets falling,
within the following categories; ,
,
"
"
,
(1) Property owned or controlled directly or indirectly, in whole or in part,
by any of the following:
, . '
(a) The German Reich, or any of the, Laender, Gaue or provinces, any Kreis, ,
municipality or other similar local subdivision; or any agency or instrumentality
of any of them including all utilities, undertakings, public corporations or mono
polies under the control of any of the above;
,
',
(b) Governments, nationals or residents of other nations, including those of
territories occupied by them, at war, with any of the United Nations at any time
since September '1, 1 9 3 9 ; , '
,
(c) The Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations, its officials, leading members and supporters;
(d) All organizations, clubs or other associations prohibited or dissolved by
military government;
•
APPENDIX
•
171
(e) Absentee owners··of non-German nationality 'including United Nations
and neutral governments and Germans outside Germany;
. '
(f) Any institution dedicated to lublic worship, cha.rity, education or the
arts and sciences which has been use by the Nazi Party to further its interests
or to cloak its activities; ,
"
(g) Persons subject to arrest under provisions of paragraph 8, and all other
persons specified by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise.
'
, (2) Property which has been the subject of transfer under duress or wrong
ful acts of confiscation, dispOSition or spoliation, whether pursuant to legisla
, tion, or by procedure purporting to follow formS of laws or otherwise.
(3) Works of art or cultural material of value or importance; regardless
of the ownership thereof.
.
_
You will take such action as will insure that any impounded or blocked assets
will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions which
you r:nay issue. In the case particularly of property blocked under (1) (a) above, '
you will proceed to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining such
property under surveillance, would permit its use in consonance with this direc
tive. ' In the case of property blocked under (2) above, you .will institute meas
ures for prompt restitution,' in conformity with the objectives stated in para
graphs 4 and 5 and subject to appropriate safeguards to prevent the cloaking of
Nazi and, militaristic influence.
'
,49. All foreign exchange transactions, including those arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled with the aim of preventing Germany from
developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives set forth in
th~s directive. To effectuate these purposes the Control Council should
a. Seek .out and reduce to the possession and control 9f a special agency all
German (public and private) foreign exchange and external assets of every kind
an4 description located within or outside Germany.',
.,
,b. Prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings in gold,
silver, foreign exchange, and ,all foreign ex~ange transactions of any kind.
Make ~vai1able any'foreign exchange proceeds of exports for payment of imports
, directly necessary to the accomplishment of the objectives stated in paragraphs
4 and 5 of this directive, and authorize no other outlay of foreign exchange
assets except for purposes 'approved by the Control Coundl or other appropriate
'. authority.
"
.
, c. Establish, effective controls with respect to all foreign:exchangetransac
tions, including: .
,'. ".
,
.. '
(1) Transactions as to property between persons inside Germany and persons
outside Germany;':
, "
,
(2) Transactions involving obligations owed by or to become due from any
person in Germany to any person outside Germany; and
(3 ) Transactions involving the importation into or exportation from Ger
many of any foreign exchange asset or other form of rroperty.
Pending agreement in the Control Council, you wit take in your zone' the
action indicated in sub·paragraphs a, band c above. Accordingly, you will in
your zone reduce to the possession and control of a special agency established
by you, within your Command, all German foreign ,exchange and external assets
as provided in sub-paragraph a. You will endeavor to have similar agencies for
the same purpose established in the other.zones of occupation and to have them
merged as soon as practicable in one agency for the entire occupied territory.
�]72
•
, AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
In addition, you will provide full reports to your government with respect t9
all German foreign exchange and external assets.
,
50. No extension of credit to Germany or Germans by any foreign person
.'. or Government shall be permitted except that the Control Council may in special
emergencies grant permission for such extensions of credit.
'
, 51. It is not anticipated that you. will make credits available to the Reichs
bank or any other bank or to any public or private institution. If, in your opin
ion, such action becomes essential, you may take such emergency 'action as you
may deem proper,but in any event, ,you 'will report the' facts to the Control
'.
,.
,
'Council.
'
, '
52; You will maintain such- accounts and records as may be necessary to.re
flect the financial operations of the niilitary' government in your zone and you
will provide the Control Council with such. information as it may require, in-,
eluding information in connection with the use of currency by your forces, any
governmental settleIp.ents, occupation costs, and other expenditures arising out
of operations or activities involving participation .of your forces.,
.
,
IX
DOCUMENT OF MIUTARY SURRENDEROF TIlE
GERMAN ARMED FOllCES ,
May 8, 19451
, 1. We, the undersigned, acting by authority,Of the Ger.man High Command,
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreine Commander, Allied EXpedi
t,ionary Force, and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red
1umy an forces on land, at'Sea, and in the air who are at this date under
Geiman control.
'
2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German mili
tary, naval and air authorities and to all forces umlet German control to cease
active o'perations at 2301 hours Central European time on BthMay 1945, to
remain m the positions occupied at the, time and to disarm completely, handing
over' their weapons and equipment to tne local allied commanders or officers
designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship,
vessel, or aircraft.is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery,
-or equipment, **and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all
the technical means of prosecution of war ingeneral.**
.3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate com·
manders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force ahd by the Supreme High Command
of the Red Army.
.
'
4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be super
seded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the
United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces
as a whole.
5. In the event of the German High Command or. any of the' forces under.
---
'This document sighed at BerIin·Karlshorst by Admiral Friedeburg, General· Keitel and
General Stumpf on one side and by Marshals Tedder and Zhukov on the other is practi·
cally identical with the act of surrender signed atRheims 'on M3lY 7, 1945 by General- Jodi
and by,Generals Smith, Susloparov, and Sevez. The Rheims document does not contain
the statement which is marked by two asterisks. The texts were first officially published
in Department of State, Bul/eJin, Vol. XIII' (1945), p. 106.
'
•
•
.
,
,
APPENDIX
173
, -their control failing to act in' accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme Command of the Red
Army will take such punitive pr other action as they deem appropriate.
6. This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian. ahd German languages. The
English and Russian are the only authentic texts. Signed at Berlin on the 8th
day of May, 1945. .
- _
I
X
DECLARATION REGARDING DEFEAT OF G~RMANY AND
ASSUMPTION OF SUPREME AUTIIORITY BY ALLIED POWERS "
June 5;
19~51
The German armed forces on land, at sea and in the air have been completely
defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and Germany, which bears re
sponsibility for the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victo
rious powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been effected,
and Germany has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter
be imposed upon her.
"
There is no central government or authority in Germany capable of accepting
responsibility for the: maintenance of order, the administration of the country
and compliance with the requirements of the victorious Powers.
.
It is in these circumstances necessary,. without prejudice to any subsequent
decisions that may be taken respecting Germany, to make provision for the
cessation of any further hostilities on the part of the German armed forces, for
the maintenance of order in Germany and for the administration of the country,
and to announce.the immediate requirements with which Germany must comply.
The representa~ives of the Supreme Commands of the United States of
America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the
-Fre!1ch Republic, hereinafter called the "Allied Representatives," acting by
authority of their respective Governments and in the interests of the United
.
.
Nations, accordingly make the following Decla~ation: ' .
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social
ist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect. to Germany, .
including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Com
mand and any state, municipal or local government, or authority. The assump
tion, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not
effect the annexation of Germany.
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social· .
ist Republics and th~ United Kingdom, and the Provisional Goverriment of the
French Republic, will hereafter determine the boundaries of Germany or any
part thereof and the status of Germany or of any' area at present being part of
, G~rman territory.
In virtue of the supreme authority and powers thus assumed by the four
governments, the Allied representatives. announce -the following requirements
arising from the complete defeat and unconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply:
.
lThe Declaration was signed in Berlin bY' General Eisenhower, Marshal Zhukov, Field
Marshal Montgomery, General De Lattre de Tassigny. Department of State, Bullelin, Vol. '
XII (1945), pp, 1051·1055.
�172
••
"r- D\ \tx> ({"\ \47
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
In addition, you will provide full reports to your government with respect to
all German foreign exchange and external assets.
.
50. No extension of credit to Germany or Germans by any foreign person
or Government shall be permitted except that the Control Council may in special
emergencies grant permission for suCh extensions of credit.
.
51. It is not anticipated that you will make credits available to the ReiChs.
bank or any other bank or to any public or private institution. If, in your opin.
ion, such action becomes essential, you mat take such emergency action as you
may deem proper, but in any event, you will report the facts' to the Control
".'
,
.
Council.
You will maintain such acco~ts and records as may be necess~ry to reo
flect the financial operations of the military government in your zone and you'
will provide the Control Council with such information as it may require, in·
cluding information in connection with the. use of currency· by your forces, any
governmental settlements, occupation costs, and other expenditures arising out
. of operations or activities involving participation of your forces.
'2.
IX .
DOCUMENT OF MIUTARY SURRENDER OF THE
GERMAN ARMED FORCES
Ma~ 8, 19451
1. We, ~e undersigned, acting by authority o{ the Ger;man High Command,.
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, .AlliedExpedi.
tionary Force, and simultaneoUsly to the Supreme High Command of the Red
Army all forces on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this date under
" .
German c o n t r o L ' "
2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German mili·
tary, naval" and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease
aetiveoperations at 2301 hours Central European time on 8th May 1945, to
remain to the positions occupied at the time and to diS¥m .completely, handing
over their weapons and e<Juipment to the local allied commanders or officers
designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship,
veSsel, or aircraft is to be scuttled,or any damage done to their hull, machinery,
or equipment, **and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all .
" "
the technical means of prosecution" of war in general. * *
3. The German High C9mmand will at once issue to the appropriate com,
manders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the Supreme High Command
of the Red Army.
.
.
4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to,and will be. super
seded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the
United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces
as a whole.
5. In the event of the German High Conunandor any of the' forces under.
IThis document signed at Berlin-Karlshorst by Admiral .Friedeburg, General.Keitel and
General Stumpf on one side and by Marshals Tedder and Zhukov on the other' is practi
cally identical with the act of surrender signed at Rheims on May 7, 1945 by General Jodi
and by Generals Sniith, Susloparov, and $evez. The Rheims document does not contain
the statement which is marked by two asterisks. The texts were first officially .published
in Department of State, Bulletin, Vol. XIII (1945), p. 106.
•
.JllAJ
APPENDIX
.q
lfg:"
173
their control failing'to act in acq:)rdance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme Command of the Red
Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.
"
6. This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian and German languages. The
English and Russian are the only authentic texts. Signed at Berlin on the 8th ..
day of May, 1945.
X.
DECLARATION REGARDING DEFEAT OF'GERMANY AND
"ASSUMPTION OF $UPREME AUTHORITY BY AllIED POWERS
June 5; 19451
The German armed forces'on land, at sea and in the air ha~e been completely
defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and Germany, which bears re·
sponsibility for· the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victo
rious powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been effected,
and .germany has become .subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter
be imposed upon her.
.
There is 'no central government or authority in Germany capable of accepting
resp~sibility for the maintenance of order•. the administration of the country
and compliance with the requirements of the victorious Powers.
~.
It is. if). these circumstances necessary, w~th~ut prejudice to any subsequent
decisions that may be takenrespectirlg Germany. to· make provision for the
cessation of any further .hostilities on the part of the_German armed forces, for
the· maintenance of order in Germany and for the administration of the countIf,
and to announce the immediate requirements with which Germany must comply.
The representatives of-the S.upreme Commands of the United States of
.America, the. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the
French Republic, ·hereinafter called the "Allied Representatives," acting by
authority of their respective Governments and in the interests of the. United
.
. Nations, accordingly make the following Declaration:
. I
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social·
ist Republics: and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Germany,
including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High. Com·
mand and any state. municipal or local government, or authority. The assump·
tion, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not
effect the annexation of Germany_ .
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social· .
ist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, will hereafter determine the boundaries of Germany or any
part thereof and the status of Germany or of any area at present being part of
German territory.
.
,
In virtue of the supreme authority .and powers thus assumed by the four
governments, the Allied· representatives announce the following requirements
arising from the complete defeat and unconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply:
'The Declaration was signed in Berlin by General Eisenhower. Marshal Zhukov, Field
Marshal Montgomery, General De LaUre de Tassigny. Department of State. Bulletin, Vol.
Yn (1945), pp. 1051-1055.
.
;-~;.
�174
'.
•
AMERICAN MILlT ARY GOVERNMENT
~RTICLE
1
Germany, and all German military; naval al1d air authorities and all forces
under German control shall immediately cease hostilities in all theatres of war
against the forces of the Uni~ed Nations on land,at sea and in the air. ,
ARTICLE'2
(A) All armed forces of Germany or under German control, wherever they
may be situated, including land, air, anti-aircraft and naval forces, the SS, SA
and Gestapo, and all other forces or auxiliary organizations equipped with weap
ons, shall be completely disarmed, handing over their weapons arid 'equipment
to local Allied !=ommanders or to officers designated by the Allied Representatives.
(B) The personnel of the formations and units of all forces referred to. i.n
paragraph '(A) above s~all; at the discretion· of the Commander-i.n-Chief of the
armed forces of the Allied s,tate concerned, be .declared to be prIsoners of war,
pending furtJier decisions, and shall be subject to such conditions -and direc
.
tions as may be prescribed by the respective Allied Representatives.
" (C) All forces referred to in paragraph (A) above, wherever they may be;
will remain in their present positions pending instructions from, the Allied
Representatives.
, .
'
'
(D) Evacuation by the said forces of all territories outside the frontiers of
'Germany as they existed on Dec. 31, 1937, will proceed according to instruc
'
'
tions to be given by the Allied representatives. "
(E) Detachments of civil police to be armed with small arms only, for the
maintenance of order an<i for guard duties; will be designated by the Allied
Representatives. ,
ARTICLE 3
(A) All aircraft of any kind or nationality in Germany or German-occupied
or controlled territories or waters, military, naval or civil, other than aircraft in
the service of the. Allies, will remain on the ground, Qn the water or aboard ships
pending further instructions.
"
. "
'
(B) 'All German Qr German-CQntrolled aircraft in Qr over territories Qr waters
not' occupied or controlled by Germany will proceed to Germany or to. such
other place or places as m,ay be specified by the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE 4 '
, ' ,(A) All German or German-controlled naval vessels, surface and submarine,
auxiliary naval craft, ,and merchant and other shipping,' wherever' such vessels
may be at the time of this declaration, and all other merchant ships of whatever'
nationality in German ports, will remain in or proceed immediately to ports and
bases as specified by the Allied Representatives. The crews of such vessels will
remain on board pending further instructions.
(B) All ships and vessels of the United Nations, whether or not title has
been transferred as the result of prize court or other proceedings, which are at
the disposal of Germany or under German control at the time of this declaration,
will proceed at the dates and to the ports or bases specified by the Allied Rep- ,
resenta:tives.
.
ARTICLE 5
(A) All or any of the following articles in the possession of the German
a,rmed forces or under German contrQlQr at German disposal will, be held intact
1
•
A)?PENDIX
175
and in good condition at the disposal of t,he Allied, representatives; fQr such
, purposes and at such times and places as they may prescrib~:
I. All arms, ammunition, explQsives, military equipment, stQres and supplies
and other implements of war Qf all kinds and all Qther war material;
II. All naval vessels Qf all classes, bQth surface and submarine, auxiliary
naval craft and all merchant shipping, whether afloat, under repair or construc
. ' ,
tion, built or building; "
.
.' III. All aircraft of all kind,S, aviatiQn and anti-aircraft equipment and devices;
IV. All transPQrtation and communications facilities and equipment, by land,
,water Qr a i r ; '
,
V. All military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane
bases, PQrts and naval ~ases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and
coast fortifica~ions, fortresses and other fortified areas, together with plans and
drawings of all such fQrtifications, installations and establishments;
VI. All factories, plants, shops, research institutions, laboratories, testing sta- .
tions, technical data, patents, plans, drawings and inventions, designed or in
tended to' produce Qr to. facilitate the productiQnor use of the articles, materials, .
and facilities referred to in sub-paragraphs I, ·n, III, IV and. V above or other
wise to further the conduct of war.
" .
'
,
(B)" At the demand Qf the Allied Representatives the following will be
furnished.
.'
.' .. " ,
'
I. The labor, services and plant required for the maintenance or operation of
any of the six categories mentiQned in paragraph (A) above; and
.
II. Any information or records that may be required by, the Allied representa
tives in connection with the same.
'
, (C) At the demand of the Allied Representatives all facilities will be prQ- .
vided for the movement Qf .Allied troops and agencies, their equipment and
supplies, on the railways, roads and other land communications or by. sea, river
, or air. All means of transportation will be maintained in good order and repair,
and the labor, services and plant necessary therefor will be furnished.
6
(A) The German authQrities will release to the Allied R~presentatives, in
accordance with the procedure to be laid down by them, all lrisoners of war at
present in their power, belonging to the forces of the Unite . Nations, and will
furnish full lists of these persons, indicating the places of the.ir detention in
Germany or territory occupied by Germany. Pending the release of such priso
ners of war, the German authorities and people will prQtect them in their per
sons and property and provide them with adequate food, clothing, shelter, medi
cal attentiQn, and money in accordance with their rank or official position.
(B) The German authQri~ies and peQple will in like manner provide for and
release all other nationals of the United Natiot,ls who. are confined, interned Qr
otherwise unde;r restraint, and all Qther persons who may' be confined, interned
or Qtherwise under restraint for political reasons or as a result of any Nazi action,
law or regulation which discriminates on the ground of race, color, creed or
political belief:
.
. ·(C) The German authorities will, at the demand of the Allied Representa
tives, harid over control of places of detention to such officers as may be .desig
nated for, the purpose by theAHied Representatives.
ARTICLE
I
'.
'
.
.,) .
�J76
•
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE
7
The German authorities concerned will furnish to the Allied Representatives:
(A) Full information regarding the forces referred to in Article 2 (A), and
in particular, will furnish forthwith all information which the Allied representa.
tives may require concerning the numbers, locations and dispositions of such
forces, whether located inside or outside Germany;
(B) Complete and detailed information concerning mines, minefields and
other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety .lanes in connec·
tion therewith. All such safety lanes will be kept open and clearly marked; all
mines, minefields and other dangerous obstacles will as far as possible be reno
dered safe, arid all aids to navigation will be reinstated. Unarmed German mili
tary and civilian per~nnel with the necessary equipment will be made available
and utilized for the above purpose and for the removal of mines, minefields
and other obstacles as directed by the Allied Representatives. ,
'
ARTICLE
8
There shall be n9 destruction" removal, concealment, transfer or scuttling of,
or damage to,any military, naval, air, shipping, port,industrial and other like
p'roperty and facilities' and all records and archives, wherever they may be situ
_,
'
, ated, except as may be directed by the Allied Representatiyes.
9
Pending the institution of control by the Allied Representatives over all means
of communication, all radio and telecommunication installations and other forms
of wire or' wireless communications, whether, ashore or' afloat, under Gerrrian
control, will cease transmission except as directed by the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE
ARTICLE
10.
The forces, nationals, ships, aircraft, military equipment and other property
in Germany or in German control or service,'or at German disposal, of any other
country at war with any of the Allies, wilrbe subject to the provisions of this
declaration and of any proclamations, orders" ordinances or instructions issued
thereunder.
'"
"
APPENDIX,
•
177
Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Govern
ment of the French Republic, the four Allied Governments will take such steps,
including the complete disarmament and demilitarization of Germany, as they
deem requisite for future peace and security..
(B) The Allied Representatives
impose on Germany additional political,
administrative, economic, financial, military and other requirements arising from
the complete defeat of Germany. The Allied Representatives, or persons or
agencies duly designated to acton their authority," will issue proclamations,
orders, ordinances and instructions for the purpose of laying down suCh addi
tional requirem~nts, and of giving effect to the other provisions of this declara
tion.. All German authorities and the German people shall carry out uncondi
tionally the requirements of the Allied Representatives, and shall fully comply"
with all such proclamations, orders, ordinances and instructions.
will
I
I
I
.
ARTICLE 14
This declaration enters into force and effect' at the date and hour set forth
below. In the event of failure on the part of the German authorities or people
promptly and completely to fulfill their obligations hereby ~r hereafterimposed,
the" Allied Representatives will take whatever action may be deemed by them
.
,
,
to be appropriate under the circumstances..'
ARTICLE 15
This'declaration is drawn, ~p iri English, Russian, French and G~rman "lan
guages. The English,. Russian and French are the only authentic texts:· '
Berlin, June 5, 1945.
,
J{I
AMERICAN DIRECTIVE ON THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
. OF AUSTRIA
The Allied Represent~tives will station forces and civil agencies in any or all
parts of Germany as they may determine.
June 27, 1945 1
'1. The Purpose and Scope of this Directive:·
a. This directive is issued.to you as Commanding General of the United States
forces of occup"ation in Austria. As such you willserve as United States mem
ber of the Allied· Council of the Allied Commission for Austria· and will also
be responsible for the administration of military government in the zone or
zones assigned to the United States for purposes of occupation and administra
,tion. It outlines the basic policies which will guide you in those two capacities
after the termination of the combined command in Austria: . Supplemental di
.'
rectives· will be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. as may be required.
b. As a member of the Allied Council you will urge the' adoption by the
other occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth in this directive
, and, pending Allied Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone.
It is anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to .the Com
manders in Chief df the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub
"
.
lics, and French forces of occupation.
c. In the event that recognition is given by""the four governments to a pro
13
(A) In the exercise of the .supreme authority with respect to Germany
lSsumed by the Government of the United' States of America, the Union of
'The Diredive was prepared by. the State-War·Navy Coordinating Committee and trans·
mitted to General Mark Clark by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on June 27, 1945. It was made
public by the State Department on October 28, 1945. Department of State, Bulletin, Vol.
XIII (1945), pp. 661-673".
.
ARTICLE 11
(A) The principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied' Representatives"
lJ.Ild all persons' from time to time named or designated by rank, office or em·
ploymentby the Allied Representatives ,as being suspected of having committed, c
ordered or abetted war crimes or analogous offenses, will be apprehended, and
stlfrendered to the Allied Representatives.
(C) The German authorities and people will comply with any instru<;:tions
given by the Allied Representatives for the apprehension and surrender of such
persoCls.
ARTICLE 12 .
ARTICLE
>'
�176
•
~ru',
•
U01 PO{ n \ Y7
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE 7
The German authorities concerned will furnish to the Allied Representatives:
(A) Full information regarding the forces referred to in Article 2 (A), and
in particular, will furnish forthwith all information which the Allied representa
tives may require concerning the numbers; locations and dispositions oJ such
,
forces, whether located inside or outside Germany;
(B) Complete and detailed information concerning nunes, minefields ,and
,other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety lanes in connec
tion therewith. All such' safety lanes will be kept open and clearly marked; all
mines, minefidds and other dangerous obstacles, wi~ as far as possible be ren
dered safe, and all aids to navigation will be reinstated. Unarmed, German mili
tary and .civilian personnel' with the necessary, equipment will be made available
and utilized for the above purpose and for the removal of mines, minefields,
and other obstacles as directed by the Allied' Representatives.
'
ARTICLE 8
,
,
There shall be no destruction, remov31, concealment, transfe,r or scuttling of,
or damage to, any military, naval, air, shipping, port, industrial and other like'
, property and facilities and all records and archives,. wherever they may be situ- '
atea, eXcept as ~y
directed by the Allied Representatives.
,
be.
9
Pending th~ institution of control by the Allied Representatives over all means
of communication, all radio and teleco~unication inStallations and other forms '
of wire or wireless' communications,. whether ashore or afloat, ,under German
control, will cease transmission excep~as dir~ed by ,the Allied"i~.epresentatives:
.ARTICLE
ARTICLE
10·
The forces, nationals, ships, aircraft, military equipment and' other property
in Germany or in German control or service or at German disposal, of any other
country at war with any of the Allies, will be subj~ to the provisions of this
declaration and of any proclamations,' orders, ordinances or instructions, issued
thereunder.
"
'
ARTICLE 11
, (A)' The principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied Representatives,
and'all persons from time to time named or designated by rank, office or em·
ployment by the Allied Representatives as being suspected of having committed,
ordered or abetted, war crimes or analogous offenses, will be apprehended and
surrendered to the' Allied ~epresentatives.
' ,
(C) The German authorities and people will comply, with any instructions
given by the Allied Representatives for the apprehension and surrender 'of such
persons.
.
ARTICLE 12
Th~Allied Representatives will station forces and civil agencies in any or all
'parts of Germany as they may determine..
"
,
13
( A) In the eXercise of the supreme authority with respect to Germany
lSSI111led by ,the Government of. the United States of America, the Union of
ARTICLE
i
I
I.
<J.~,.';l7
'APPENDIX
tlr LfS
177
, Soviet S~cialist Republics and the United Kingdom, and th~ Provisional Govern
mentof the Frenc~ Republic, the f'our Allied Governments will take such steps,
including the complete disarmament and demilitarization of :Germany, as they
deem requisite for future peace and security.
,
'
(B) The Allied Representatives will impose on Germany additional political, '
administrative, economic, financial, military and other requirements arising from
the complete defeat of Germany. The Allied Representatives, or persons or
agencies duly designated to act on their authority, will issue proclamations,
orders, ordinances and instructions for the purpose of laying down such addi- '
.tional requirements, and of giving effect to tpe other provisions of. this declara
tion.,AU German authorities and the German people shall carry out uncondi
tionally the requirements oUhe Allied Representatives, and shall fully comply
with all such proclamati0x:ts, orders, ordinances and instructions.
ARTICLE 14
This declaration enters into force and effect at" the date and hour set forth
below. In the event of failure on. the part of the German authorities or people
promptly and completely to fulfill their obligations hereby or hereafter imposed,
the Allied Representatives will take whatever action may be deemed by them
.'
to be approprIate under the circumstances:
,,
15
,This declaration, is drllwn up in English, Russian, French and German lan
guages. The English, Russian and French are the only authentic texts.
'
Berlin, June 5, 194
ARTICLE
XI
AMERICAN DIRECTIVE ON THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
,
.,.
OF AUSTRIA
, une 27, 19451
1. The Purpose and Scope of this Directive:
a. This directive is issued to you as Comm:anding General of the United States
forces of occupation in 'Austria. As such you will serve as United States mem
ber of ,the Alfied Council of the Allied Commission for Austria and wilf also
be responsible' for the administration of military government in the zone or
zones assigned to the United States for purposes of occupatioll and administra
tion. It outlines the basic policies which will guide you in those two capacities
after the termination of the combined command in Austria. Supplemental di-"
be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as may be required.
rectives
b. As a meri1ber of the Allied Council you will urge the adoption by the
other occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth ip this directive
and, pending Allied Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone';,
It is anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to the Com
manders in Chief of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub
' '
lics, and French forces of occupation.
c. Ix;tthe event that recognition is given by the four governments to a pro
will
'The Directive was prepared by the State.War.Navy Coordinating Committee and trans·
mitted to General Mark Clark by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on June 27, 1945. It was made
public by the State Department on October 28, 1945. Department.of State, Bulletin, Vol.
XIII (1945), pp. 66l-C573.
�~
~178
•
..
' AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
PART I
GENERAL AND' POLITICAL
3. The Allied Council and Zones of OccupatIo,!:
a. The four Commanders in Chief, acting jointly, will constitute the. Allied
Council which will exercise supreme. authority in Austria. The United States
proposal for an agreement on the organization of the Control Machinery in
Austria frilblished as a separate document has been made available to you. When
approvoo by the occupying powers, the text of the agreement on Control Ma·
chinery in Austria will be furnished you: For purposes of administration of.
military government, Austria will be' divided into four zones .of occupation.
When the occupying powers have agreed upon the zones of occupation in
Austria, the text of the protocol ifl ,that regard will be furnished you.
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b. The authority of the Allied Council to formulate policy and procedures
and administrative relationships with respect to matters affecting Austria as a
'Appendix IX,
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whole will be paramount throughout Austria. This authority shall be broadly
construed to the end that, through maximum uniformity of policy and pro·
cedures throughout Austria, the establishment of an independent Austrian Gov
ernment may be accelerated. In your capacity as a member of the Allied Coun·
cil" you will seek maximum agreement with respect to policy and maximum
uniformity of action by the Commanders·in·Chief in their respective zones of
occupation. You will carry out and support in "your zone the ,policies agreed
upon irdhe Allied Council. In the absence of such agreed policies you will
act in accordance with this and other directives of the Joint. Chiefs of Staff.
c., The Allied Council should cooperate with 'the Control Council in Germany
in effecting the severance of all political and administrative ,connections be
tween Austria and Germany, and th~ elimin;!tion of German economic and
financial influences in Austria. You ~i1l in every way possible assist the accom
plishment of this purpose.
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, d.The Allied Council should adoptproeedures to ,effectuate, and you will
facilitate in your zone, the equitable' distribution of' essenti;u commodities be·
tween the zones. In the absence of a conflictirig policy of the Allied CoUncil,
you may deal directly with one or more zone commanders on matters of special
concern to such zones.
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, . e.' Pending the formulation in the Allied Council of uniform policies and
procedures with respect to travel and movement of persons to and from Austria,
no persons shall be permitted to cross the Austrian frontier in your zone except
for specific purposes approved by you.
f. The military government personnel in your zone, including those dealing
with regional and local branches of the departments of any central Austrian
administrative machinery, shall be selected by your authority except that liaison
, officers may be furnished by the Commanders of the other three zones. The
respective Commanders-in·Chief shall have exclusive jurisdiction throughout
the whole of Austria over the members of the armed forces under their command
and over the civilians who accompany them.
'
visional national government of Austria, such government should be delegated
authority in appropriate matters to conduct public affairs in' accordance with
the principles set forth in this directive or agreed upon by the occupying powers.
Such delegation, however, shall be subject to the authority of the occupying
powers and to tlieir responsibility to see that their policies are in fact carried out.
d. Any provisional national government of Austria which is not recognized
by all of the four Governments of the ocetipying powers shall not be treated by
you as possessing any authority. Only individuals who recognize your supreme.
authority in your zone will be utilized by you in administration."
2. The Basis of Militarl Government:
a. The rights, power and status of the military government in Austria prior
. to the unconditional surrender and total defeat of Germany, ,were based upon
, the military occupation of Austria and the decision of the occupying powers to
"reestablish.an independent Austrian state. Thereafter the rights, powers and
status are based, in addition, upon such surrender or defeat. The Text of the
, Instrument of Uncon~itional' Surrender of Germany published as a separate
document has been made available to you.! You will assure that the policies
set forth in that Instrument are carried out in your zone of occupation insofar
as they are applicable in Austria even though the defeat of Germany is not
followed by a formal signing of the Instrument.
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,b. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 below, you are, by virtue of your
position, clothed with supreme legislative, executive, and judicial authority in
.the areas occupied by forces under your command. This authority will be b~oadly
construed and includes authority to take all measures deemed by you necessary,
appropriate or desirable in relation to military exigencies and the objectives set
'.
.forth in this and other directives. "
" ,
, c. You will issue a proclamation continuing in force such proc;lamations,
'orders and instructions as may have heretofore been issued by Allied Comman··
ders in your' zone,; subject to such changes as you may determine. Authorizations
of action by the Supre.me Allied Commander, Mediterranean, or' by the Supreme
Commander, Attied Expeditionary Force, may be considered as applicable to
you unless inconsistent with this or other directives.
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4. Basic Ohjectives of Military Government in Austria:
a. You will be Chiefly concerned in the initial stages of military government
with the elimination of German domination and Nazi influences. ' Consistently
with this purpose, you will be guided at every step by the necessity to ensure
the reconstruction of Austria as a (ree, .independent and democratic state. It win
be ess.ential therefore that every measure be undertaken from the early stages
of occupation with this objective in mind.
.
b. The Allied Council should, as soon as it is established, proclaim the com·
plete political and administrative separation of Austria from Germany, and the
intention of the occupying powers to pave the way for the reestablishment of
Austria as an independent democratic state. You will make it clear to the
Austrian people that military occupation of Austria is intended principally
(1) to aid Allied military operations and the strict enforcement of the ap
plicable 'provisions of the German unconditional surrender instrument in Aus
tria; (2) to eliminate Nazism, Pan-GermanisCQ, militarism, and other forces
opposed to the democratic reconstitution of Austria; (3) to cooperate with the
Control Council for Germany in the application and enforcement of measures
designed to prevent the recurrence of German aggression; (4) to establish
Allied Control over the use and disposition of German rom ..... '/-,':~ ~" ,','.
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(5) to effect the complete political and· administrative separation of Austria
from Germany and free Austria from Nazi and German economic and financial
influences; (6) to facilitate the developmetlt of a sound Austrian economy de
voted to peaceful pursuits and not 'vitally dependent upon German supplies,
markets and technical and financial assistance; and (7) to foster the restoration
of local self~government and the establishment' of an Austrian central govern- .
ment freely elected by the Austri~ people themselves .. Other objectives of the
occupation will be to apprehend war criminals, ~o care for and repatriate dis
placed persons and prisoners.Of-war w.hoare members of the armed forces of
the United Nations, and to carry out approved programs of. reparation and
restitution in~ofaras these are applicable to Austria.
c. You will assure that there is no fraternization by your troops with 'any .
German elements remaining in Austria. While in the initial period of occupa
tion the relationship of the troops to the Austrian civil·population will be distant
.and aloof 'but courteous, a progressively more friendly ,relationship may be
permitted as experience justifies.
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5. Denazification:
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a. A Proclamation dissolving the Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated as?Ocia
tions and supervised organizations, and all, Nazi public institutions. which were
• set up as instruments of Party domination, and prohibiting their revival in any
form, should be promulgated by the Allied Council. You will assure the prompt
effectuation of that policy in y~ur zone and will make every effort to prevent
the reconstitution of any suCh organization in underground, disguised or secret
. form: Responsibility for continuing .desirable non-political' social services of
. dissolved Party Organizations may be transferred by the Governing Body to
appropriate central agencies and by you to appropriate local agencies.
b. All laws which exten,ded the political structure of National Socialism to
Austria or otherwise brought about the destruction of the Au~trian' state or
which established discriminations on grounds of race, nationality, creed, or
political opinion should be abrogated by the Allied Council. You will render
them ,inoperative in your zone.
c. All members of the Nazi Party who were German I'ationals prior to March
13, '1938, Germans who entered Austria after that date, and other Germans
directly connected with the Nazi exploitation of Austria will immediately be
removed from government positions and all other categories of ·employment.
listed below, and will be expelled from Austria in accordance with paragraph
21. All Austrian members of the Nazi Party who have been more than nominal
participants in its activities, all active supporters of Nazism and other persons.
hostile to Allied purposes will be removed and excluded from public office
and from positions of importance in quasi-public and private enterprises such
as (1) civic, economic, and labor organizations, (2) corporations and other
, organizations in 'which the German Government or s'gbdivisions have a major,
. financial interest, (3) industry, commerce, agriculture, and finance; (4) educa
tion, and (5) the press, publishing houses and other agencies disseminating
.news and propaganda. Persons are to be treated as more than nominal par
ticipants in Party activities and as active supporters of Nazism when they (1)
held office or otherwi~e were active at any level from local to national in the
Party and its subordinate organizations, (2) authorized or participated affirma
tively in any Nazi crimes, racial persecutions or discriminations, (3) l?een.
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181
avowed believers in Nazi doctrines, or (4) ~oluntarily given substantial moral
or material support or political assistance of any kind to the Nazi Party or Nazi
officials and leaders. No such persons shall be retained in any of the categories
.of employment listed' above because of admiriistrative necessity, convenience
or expediency.'
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. d. Property, real and personal, owned or controlled by the Nazi Party, its.
formations, affiliated associations and supervised organizations, and by all per
. sons subject to arrest under the provision~ of paragraph 7 below, and found
within your zone will be taken under your control pending a decision by the .
Allied Councilor higher authority as to its eventual disposition.. _
e. All archives, monuments and museums of Nazi inception, or which 'are
devoted to the perpetuation of militarism, will be taken under your con.trol and
their properties held pending decision as to their disposition by the Allied
Council.·
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f. You will make special efforts to preserve from destruction and take under.
yo,ur control records, plans, books, documents, papers, files, and scientific, in~ ,
dustrial and other ,information and data belonging to or controlled. by the
following:
(1) The central German Government and its subdivisions, the offices of the
Reichsstatthalter, the former Austrian state and its subdivisions, German and'
Austrian .military organizations, organizations engaged in military research, and
such other governmental agencies, as may be deemed advisable;
.
(2) The Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated asso;ciations and supervised
organizations;
"
. (3) All police organizations, including security and political police;
(4) Important economic organizations and industrial 'establishments includ
ing those controlled by the Nazi Party or its personnel;
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( 5 ) Institutes and special bureaus devoting themselves to racial, political,
militaristic or similar research or propaganda.
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6. Elimination of pre-Nazi Influences:
a. You will remove and e:xclude from' the positions enumerated in sub
paragraph 5 c above all persons who took an active and prominent part in the
undemocratic measures of .the . pre-Nazi Fascist regime or in any of its para
military organizations such as the Heimwehr, and the Ostmaerkische Sturm
scha,.e".
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b. You will prevent the revival of any organization seeking to restore the
pre-Nazi Fascist· regime.
7. SilSpected IVar Criminals and Security Arrests:
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.a. You will search out, arrest, and hold, pending receipt by you of further
instructions as to their disposition, Adolf Hitler, his chief Naz~ associates, other
war criminals, and all p!!rsons who have participated in planning or carrying
out Nazi· enterprises involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes.
b. All persons who if 'permitted to remain at large would endanger the ac
complishment of your objectives will also be arrested and held iri custody until .
their disposition is otherwise determined by an appropriate semi-judicial body
to be established by you.
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[Note: There follows at this point in the directive a ,detailed list of cate
gories of Nazi war criminals and others who are to be arrested. Some of these
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
have not yet been found. It is considered that to publish the categories at this
time would put the individuals concerned on notice and would interfere with
their apprehension and punishment, where appropriate. The list of categories
is, therefore, withheld from publication for the present.]
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If in the light of conditions which you encounter in Austria· you believe it
is not immediately feasible to subject certain persons within these categories to
this· treatment, you should report your reasons and recommendations to your
Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. If you believe it desirable, you
may postpone the arrest of those whose' cases you have reported, pending a
decision communicated to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In no event shall
any differentiation be made between or . special consideration be accorded to
persons arrested,dther as to manner of arrest, or conditions of detention, upon
the basis of wealth or political, industrial, or other rank or position. In your
discretion you may make such exception as you deem advisable for intelligence
or other military reasons.
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8. Demilitarization:
a. In your zone you will assure that· all units of the German armed forces
including para-military organizations are dissolved as such and thllt their per
sonnel are promptly disarmed. and controlled in accordance with the poltcies
and procedures set forth in the Instrument of Unconditional Surrender of Ger
many or in .other directives which may be issued to you. Prior to their final
disposition you :~ill arrest and hold all m~litary per~~nnel wh~· are .included
under the prOVISions of paragraph 7. Subject to military conSiderations and
. priority to be accorded repatriation of United Na.tions nationals, the Allied
Council should. cooperate with the' Control Council for Germany in arranging
the early repatriation or other disposition of German members of the German
armed forces, includipg para-military organizati~ns, found within· Austria. The
two Allied agencies should likewise concert the prompt return to' Austria of
Austrian members of the German armed forces found within Germany, except.
those held as active Nazis, suspected war criminals, or for other reasons. .
b. The Allied Council should proclaim, and in your zone you will effectuate,
the total dissolution of all military and para-military organizations together with
all associations which might serve to keep alive milita·rism in Austria, "
c. All persons who have actively supported organizations promoting mili
tarism or who have been active proponents of militaristic doctrines will be re
moved and excluded froin any of. the categories ·of employment listed in sub
paragraph 5 c.
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d. -rou will seize or destroy. all arms,· ammunition and implements of war,
including all aircraft, military and civil, and stop the production thereof.
9. Police:
With the exception of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police), all elements
.of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police), e.g., Geheime StaalJpolizei (Ges
tapo), arid the SicherheitJdienJt der S.5. will be abolished. Criminal and ordi
nary police will be purged of Nazi personnel llnd utilized under the control
.and supervision of the military government.
10. Administration of lustice: .
a. All extraordinary courts, including the VolkJgerichtJ~of (People's Court)
and the Sondergerichte (Special Courts), and a.11 courts and tribunals of the·
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183
Nazi Party and of its formations, affiliated associations and supervised organiza
tions will be abolished immediately.
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. b. All ordinary criminal, civil and administrative courts, except those pre
viously re-established by Allied authority, will be closed. After the elimination.
of all Nazi or other objectionable features and personnel 'ou will permit those
which are to exercise jurisdiction within the boundaries 0 your zone to resume
operations under such regulations, supervision and 'control as you may consider
appropriate. Courts which are to exercise jurisdiction over territory extending
beyond the' boundaries of· your zone. will be reopened only. with the express
authorization of the Allied Council and under its regulation, supervision and
control. The power to review and veto decisions of German and Austrian
courts shall be included within the power of supervision and control.
11. Political Prisoner!: .
Subject to military security and 'to the interests of the individuals concerned, .
you will release all persQns found within your zone who have been detained
or placed in custody on grounds of race, nationality, creed or political opinion
and treat them as displaced persons. You should make provision for the review'
of convictions of alleged criminal offenses about . which there may be sub
stantial suspicion· of racial, religious or political persecution, and in which
sentences of impriso~ment have not been fully served by persons imprisoned
within your. %One."
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12. Rec()nJlitulion olan Administratitle SYJtem:
a.As soon as Nazi and Fascist influences have been eliminated from public
offices in Austria, the reconstitution of Austrian administrative agencies "shall
~carried out in such a way as not to prejudice the ,political and constitutional
future of' Austria.. The Allied Council should be responsible for the early
establishment of such nation-wide administrative and judicial machinery as may
be required to facilitate the uri i form execution of -its policy throughout Austria,
to ensure freedom of transit and communication to and between the separate
Zones of occupation, and to lay the foundation for the restoration of an Austrian
national administrative system. Administrative officials with powers extending
throughout Austria should be appointed only by or under the authority of the
Allied Council.
.
b. The formal abrogation of the Anschluss (Act of March 13, 1938) will
not be considered as reestablishing the legal and· constitutional system of Aus
tria as it existed prior to that event. Such portions 'of earlier -Austrian legislation
or of Reich legislation relating to Austria may be retained or restored to force
as is deemed appropriate for the. purposes of military government and the re
constitution of Austria on a democratic basis. Insofar as it may prove desirable
to utiliZe constitutional.laws for Austrian administration, suitable provisions. of
the Austrian Constitution of 1920, as amended in 1925 and 1929, should be
applied.
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c. You will assure the severance of all connections between regional (Gau)
and local agencies on the one hand and Reich administrative agencies on the
othet, and will reconstitute Austrian Provincial (Land) and local administration
at the earliest possible moment. You may utilize such agencies of the present
regional and local administrations as may· be deemed useful.
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. AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
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14; Establishment of Independent Austrian Government:
The Allied Council should, and in your zone you will, make it dear to the
Austrian people that the Allied Powers do not intend through military govern
ment to appoint or establish a national government for Austria but will aid .the
Austrian people themselves to prepare for the election .of a national assembly
by democratic means. The Austrian people will be free t9 determine their own
form of government provided the new regime be democratic in character and
assume appropriate internal and intertt.ational responsibilities and obligations.
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16. Public Relations and Control of Public Information:
As a member of the Allied Council you will endeavor to obtain ag~eement
for un~form or. co~rdinate~ policies with. ~espect to (~). control of public in
formation .media 10 Austria,. (b) accreditIng of foreign correspondents, (c)
press censorship,. and (d)· isSuance of official news communiques dealing with
matters within the jurisdiction of the Allied Council. United States policies- in
these matters will be sent to you separately and you will be guided by these in
your negotiations in the Allied Council.
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17. Education:
a. You will initially dose all.schools and universities except those previously
re-established by Allied authority. The closure of N~ieducational institutions,
.185
such as Adolf Hitler Schulen, Napolas and Ordensburgen, and of Nazi organi
zations within other educational institutions,· will be permanent.
b. A coordinated system of control over Austrian education and an affirma
tive program of reorientation will be established designed completely to elim- .
inate Nazi, Fascist and militaristic doctrines and to encourage tne development
of democratic ideas.
.
c. You will permit the reopening of elementary (Volksschulen), middle
(Hauptschulen), and vocational (Berufsschulen) .schools at the earliest pos
sible date after Nazi and other objectionable personnel has been eliminated.
Textbooks ·andcurricula which are not free of Nazi, Fascist -and militaristic
doctrines shall not be used. The Allied Council should assure that programs
. are devised for the early reopening of secondary schools, universities and other
.institutions of higher learning. After Nazi and other objectionable personnel
and features have been eliminatedapd pending the formulation of such pro
grams by the Allied Council, you may formulate and put into effect an interim
program within your zone and, in any case, you will encourage the reopening of
such institutions and departments which offer training which you consider im
mediately essential or useful in the administration of military government and
the purposes of the occupation.
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d. It. is. not intended that the military government will interVene in questions
concerning denominational control of Austrian schools, or in religious instruc
tion in Austrian schools, except in so far as may be necessary to ensure that
religious instruction and. administration of such. schools conform to such Allied
regulations as are or may be established pertaining to purging of personnel and
curricula.
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13. 'Restoration of Regional and Local Self-Government:
As a member of the Allieil Council; you y;iU urge the restoration of regional
and local self-government throughout Austria at the earliest possible moment.
In the absence of agreement, you will facilitate the.-holding of elections to local
and regional public offices within your zone. If prior to or during occupation,
local and regional popular councils or similar organs appear, they may be
granted temporary recognition pending approval by the Allied Council and be
utilized in administration in th.e event that they possess popular support and
are free from Nazi or F~scist sympathizers and affiliations.
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Pol#ical Activity and Civil Rights:
.a. At the earliest possible moment you will. perlDit such political activity and
organization by democratic groups as neither threatens military security nor
presents substantial danger of public disorder nor engender suspicion and
disun.ity among the United Nations.
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b. You will prohibit the propagation in any form of Nazi, Fascist, mili7
tatistic, and pan-German doctrines.
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-. c. To the extent that military interests are not prejudiced and subject to the
provisions of the two preceding subparagraphs and paragraph 16, you will
permit freedom of speech, assembly, press, association, arid religious worship.
(I; For pU1poses of military- government you may consider a$ Austrian citizens
all persons who held Austrian citizenship on or .before March. 13, 1938, or. who
would have automatically acquired citizenship by operation of the law of
.Austria in force on March 13, 1938. The acts of July 30, 1925 and August 16,
1933 should not be considered as depriving of citizenship Austrians who have
entered the service of foreign. states or who have taken up arms against the
Reich since 1938. German laws purporting to affect Austrian citizenship should
be ignored.
A~PENDIX
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18. Religious Affairs:
!
'a; The Allied Council should leave to the Austrian churchmen of the re
spective. faiths the revision of the constitutions, rituals or internal relationships
of purely ecclesiastical bodies.
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b; You will protect freedom ofreligio~s belief and worship.
c. You will refrain from intervening in matters concerning religious instruc
tion in schools, the establishment or continuation of denominational schools ..
and the re-establishment of ecclesiastical control of any publicly supported
schools.
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d. You will take necessary me~ures to protect churches,_ shrines, church·
schools, and other ecclesiastiCal property from· damage and from.any treatment
which lacks respect for their religious character..
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. e. You may permit religious bodies to conduct appropriate youth, sport, and
welfare activities and to receive contributions· for such purposes.
f. Su.bject to the provisions of paragraph 15, you will permit the establish
ment or revival of· religious periodicals and the publication. of other religious
.literature.
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19. Treatment of. Displaced Persons and Refugees in Austria:
a. Subject to any international agreements. and to the agreed policies. of the
Allied Council, you will undertake the repatriation, return to former residence
or resettlement of displa.ced persons who are· (1) nationals of the United
Nations and of neutral states, (2) stateless persons, (3) nationals of enemy or
former enemy countries who have been persecuted by the enemy' for reasons of
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
race, nationality, creed or political opinion, (4). nationals of Italy, as rapidly
as military- considerations- and arrangements with their respective governments
permit. Due consideration will be given to the wishes of the individuals in
volved, and preference will be accorded to nationals of the United Nations and
persons freea from concentration- camps or other places of detention.
b. You will establish or maintain centers for the assembly and repatriation,
resettlement or return of the foregoing displaced persons. Subject to the general
control and responsibility of military government, existing Austrian agencies
will be required to maintain essential supply and other services for' them, in
cluding adequate food,' shelter, clothing and medical cate. '
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c. Subject to your general control, you will ho!d existing Austrain agencies
responsible for the care and disposition of refugees and those displaced persons
who are nationals of Germany' or former enemy countries not otherwise pro
vided. herein. You will facilitate their repatriation or return, subj~ct to what-
j!ver control you may deem necessary, as rapidly as military considerations and
appropriate arrangements with authorities in their respective home countries
, permit.
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, d. Subject to agreed poliCies of the Allied Council, you will determine the
extent to which UNRRA, the Inter-Governmental Committee' on Refugees, or
other civilian' agencies will participate in handling displaced persons and
refugees.
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e. You will accord, liaison on matter~ connected with displaced -persons to
rep~esentativ~s of each of the: othe~ Occupying Powers ac.credited therefor' by
their respective Commander-IO,Cluef and to representatives of any of the
United Nations and neutral states and 9f Italy accredited therefor by the Allied
Council or other competent authority. You will arrange for such representatives
to·have access to displaced persons who are nationals of their countries and are '
authorized to permit them to use the facilities of their governments for purposes
of repatriation.:.
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f. The term"displaced persons" includes (1 ) non-Austrian civilian nationals
who have been obliged to leave their own C9untries o~ to remain .in Austria" by
reason of the war, (2) stateless p~rsons, and (3) persons who have been perse
cuted by the enemy for reasons of race, nationality, creed or political opinion.
The term "refugees" includes Austrian civilian nationals within Austria who
- are temporirily homeless because of military operations, or are residing at some
distance from their homes for reasons related to the war. ,
20. Relurn of Auslrian Civilians 10 Austria:
In accordance with military considerations and appropriate arrangements, with.
authorities in sending countries, you will cooperate in rapid repatriation of
Austrian civilian nationals outside Austria; exclusive of active Nazis and per
sons suspected of having committed 'Var crimes or held for other reasons.
21. The Removal of Ger;"an 0 ffic-ials and Civi~ianj from Austria:
. a. All German officials, members of the Nazi Party who were German -na
tionals prior to March 13, 1938, Germans who entered Austria after that date
and other Germans directly connected with the Nazi exploitation of Austria,
except those whom it may be desirable to hold for security or other reasons,
should be expelled from Austria. The Allied Council should consult with the
Control Council in Germ:illY regarding the removal to Germany of such per·
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APPENDIX
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187
sons. Removal will be effected at the earliest time consistent with the avail
ability of transport facilities and with the prospect of orderly absorptionintQ
Germany.
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b. Subject to instructions issued by the Allied Council in accordance with
the provisions of the subparagraph a above, you will in your ,zone take all
practicable measures to facilitate and expedite the removal to Germany of all
German officials and -of German citizens to be repatriated.
22. Diplomatic and Consular Officials and Properties:
" All diplomatic and consular officials of countr!es with which anyone of the
United Nations has been at war since December ·31, 1937 -will be taken into
protective ,aistody and held for further disposition. The diplomatic and' con
. sular property and records belonging to such countries or governments and to
their official personnel will be seized and secured. if not found in, the custody
of a protecting power.
23. Arts and A;chives:,
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 above, you will make all reasonable
efforts to preserve historical archives, museums, libraries and works of art.,
PART II
'ECONOMIC
General Economic Provisions
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, 24. The. Allied Council should ensure the' direction of ,the Austrian economy
in such a way., as to- carry out the objectives set forth in paragraph 4 b of this
directive and should establish centralized control and administration of the
Austrian economy to the extent necessary to achieve the maximum; utilization of
Austrian resources and equitable distribution' of essential goods. and services
and to obtain uniformity of policies and operations throughout Austria.
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- You will -urge the establishment of such centralized control and administra
-tionand, pending agreement in .the Allied Council, you will take such measures
in your own zone as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this directive.
25, To the maximum extent possible without jeopardizing the successful
execution of measures required to implement the objectives outlined in para
graph 4 b of this directive, Austrian authorities and agencies should be used,
subject to such supervision as is necessary to ensure that they carry -out their
task. For tliispurpose appropriate authority should be given to Austrian agen
cies .and administrative services,subject to _strict observance ,of the provisions
of this directive regarding denazification and dissolution or prohibition of Nazi
and Fascist organizations, institutions, principles, features and practices.
26. You will preserve all ,significant records pertaining to important eco·
'nomic, financial and research organizations and activities.' You, will institute
or assure the maintenance of such statistical records and reports as may be
necessary to carry out the objectives of this directive.
27. You will initiate appropriate surveys which may assist you in achieving
the objectives of the occupation. In particular, you will promptly undertake
surveys, equipment and resources in your' zone. You will endeavor to obtain
prompt ,agreement in the. Allied Council to similar surveys in'the other zones
of occupation and urge appropriate steps to coordinate the methods and results
�188
•
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of these and other future surveys undertaken in .the various zones. "You will
keep the Allied Council and your government currently apprised of the informa
tion obtained by ~eans of intermediate reports or otherwise.·
u.s.
Responsibility tor Supplies from
Military Sources
28. Imports of 'supplies from U.S..Military supply sources, for which you
will assume responsibility, will be limited to the bask· essentials necessary i!1
your zone (a) to avoid disease and unrest which might endanger .the oc<:upying
forces and (b) for the care of displaced persons. Imports will be undertaken
only after maximum utilization of indigenous supplies. '
Agriculture, Industry and Internal Commerce
.
,
.
29. You will make maximum use of s,:!pplies and 'resources av~ilable within,
Austria and you will require the Austrians to use all means at their disposal
to maXimize the production of foodstuffs and oth~r essential goods and' to
. establish as rapidly as possible effective rationing and other machinery for the
distribution thereof. You will urge upon the Allied Council that uniform
ration scales be applied throughout Austria.
30. The Allied Council should assure to the maximum possible extent the free
movement an!i equitable distribution of goods and services throughout Austria.
. 31. The Allied Council should facilitate emergency repair and construction
for the minimum h9using needs of the civil population and restoration of !rans
p0rtation and· communications services and public. utilities essential' to the ob-
Jectives outlined in paragraph 4 b.
.
32. In order to supplement the measures taken by the Control, Council in
Germany for the· iqdustrial disarmament of Gcrmanyand pending final decision
as to the steps necessary in Austria to eliminate Germany's war potential, you
should,in cooperation with the other zone commanders, take steps to
'
a. prevent the production, acquisition and development of all arms, ammuni
ti,on and imple?lents :of war, in.cluding ~ll types of aircraft, and al! parts, c~m,
ponents and Ingredle~ts specially 'deSigned or produced for incorporatIOn
therein;
,
b. seize and safeguard, pending instructions as· to disposal, all facilities which
are specially desi~ed or adapted to the production of the items mentioned in
a :l1ld cannot be converted to. non-military production, using in such conversion
only materials and equipment readily available and not emanating from
··Germany;
.
'
c. ,take an inventory of all German-owned plant and equipment in Austria,
and all plant and equipment regardless of ownership erected or, expanded in
Austria subsequent to Anschluss; in the following industries: iron mining;
steel and ferro-alloys; armaments (including aircraft) j' machinery (including
automotive vehicles; agricultural machinery, locomotives al'!d rolling stock, .
bearings and other special components, 'electrical machinery, and general in
dustrial equipment) j electronic equipment; electric power; non-ferrous metals;
including light metals; rubber and oil, including synthetic rubber and oil; 'Wood
pulp; synthetic fibers; instruments; optical glass; chemicals ,(including, pharma.
ceutica!s and plastic.s) and phot~graphi~, ~uipment; in order th!1t the Allied
CounCil may determme what portion of It IS redundant to the development of a
sound peacetime Austrian economy and make· recommendations to the govern- .
ments of the ocCl!-pying powers regarding the treatment of these industries:
.
I
,
.
APPENDIX
•
189
d. prevent large-scale exportation of light metals pending subsequent in;
structions on the policy to be followed regarding the Austrian light metals
industry;
e. prevent the const~ction of plant capacity for the production -of synthetic
oil and rubber;' and establish procedures, in consultation with the Control COlln.
, cil for Germany, for reviewing any projected construction of new or expanded
capacity fcjr materials the production of which is prohibited or limited in Ger
many as a measure· of .industrial disarmament, in order to ensure that such ex~
parision is not for the purpose of evading controls in Germany; .' ,
f. close initially all laboratories, research'institutions and similar technical
organizations except those considered necessary for the protection of public
health and safety, and provide for the maintenance and security of physical
facilities where deemed neCessary :IJld' for the detention' of such personnel as
are of interest to technological and counter-intelligence investigations. After
the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6; 7 and 8 (c) have been applied, the reopening
of laboratories, research instifutions and similar organizations should be per.
mitted under license and periodic supervision, in accordance with policies wnich
will be communicated to you.
'
. 33. Without prejudice to the possible eventual transfer of equipment or.· .
production on reparation .account in accordance with any Allied agreements
which may be reached, the Allied Council should facilitate the conversion, of
industrial facilities to non-milltary production. In' such· conversion it will· be
your polity to give priority to the production of essential goods and equipment,
in shortsupply.
.
_'
.
34. The Allied Council should assure. that all' semi-official or quasi-public
business and, trade organizations of an authoritarian character are abolished
and that any organizations of commerce, indUStry, agriculture and handicrafts .
which the Austri~ns may wish to establish are based on democratic, prinCiples.
35; The·. Allied Council should adopt a policy prohibiting cartels or other
private business arrangements and cartel-like organizations including those of
public or quasi-public character, such as the Wirtschaftsgruppen, which provide'
for the regulation of marketing conditions, including production, prices, eX
clusive exchange of technical information and processes, and allocation of sales
'territories. -Such necessary public functions as have been discharged by these
,organizations should be absorbed as rapidly as possible by approved public
agencies. Pending agreement in the Allied Council,' you should take· no action
, in your own zorie with regard to this paragraph.
36. The Allied Council should adopt policies designed to prevent or restrain
inflation Of a character or dimension which would endanger accomplishment of
the objectives of the occupation. The Allied Council in particular, should dired
and empower Austrian authorities to maintain or establish controls over prices
and wages and to take the fiscal and financial measures necessary to this end.
lAbor, Health and Social Insurance
37. The Allied Council should permit the self-organization of employees'
along democratic lines, subject to such safeguards as may be necessary to prevent
the perpetuation or revival of Nazi, Fascist or militarist influence under any
guise or the continuation of any group hostile to the 'objectives and operations
of the occupying forces. The Allied Council should permit free collective bar
�190
'.'
•
AMERICAN MILITARY. GOVERNMENT
.
. gaining between employees and employers regarding wages, hours, and working
conditions and the establishment of machinery for the settlement of industrial
disputes. Collective bargaining shall be within the framework of such wage,
hour and other controls as may be instituted or revived.
.
38. The Allied Council should permit the retention or re-establishment of
health services and facilities and non-discriminatory systems of social insurance
and poor relief.
.
Reparation and Restitution
39. As a member of the Allied Council and as .zone commander you will
ensure that the programs of reparation and restitution embodied in Allied
agreements are carried out in so far as they are 'applicable in Au!!tria. The
Allied Council should cooperate with the Control Council in Germany for this
purpose. You 'should urge the Allied Council to an agreement that,until appro
priate Allied' authorities formulate reparation and restitution program fot
application in Austria,
a. no removals should be permitted on reparation account; and
b. restitution to other countries. should be confined to identifiable looted
.
works of art, books, archives and other cultural property.
Foreign Trade
.
40. The Allied Council should take prompt ste!is to re-establish Austrian
customs autonomysubject to the provisions of paragraph 51 and establish cen
t,:-alized controi"over all trade in goods and services with foreign countries.
41. In the control of foreign trade the objectives of the Allied Council
should be (a) to obtain, as' much as possible of Austria's essential imports
through regular trade; (b) encourage the development by Austrians as rapidly
as possible of foreign markets and sources of supply; and (c) to promote the
orientation of Austrian trade away from Germany.
.
,
"
.
The Allied Council should seek to obtain from ,sources other than military
. supply sources any imports essential to the achievement of the objectives set
.forth in this directive. Arrangements may be made. with appropriate authorities
in Germany for the importation, of e~ential supplies from Germany, whenever
in your judgment such supplies cannot, be readily obtained from other sources.
The Allied Council should favor the conclusion of such arrangements for the .
exchange of Austrian' goods and services with those of foreign countries in
cluding the development of entrepot trade, as will aid in the revival of the
Austrian economy on a sound basis and will not prejudice the eventual develop
'.
ment of trade on a multilateral basis.
The Allied Council in cooperation with the Austri.;l.Oauthorities,should make
a survey of Austrian foreign exchange resources and of the possibilities for
foreign markets and sources of supply for Austrian industry, and trade to serve
.as the basis of a program for the development of a, sound economy. You will
communicate to your government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff the results
of such a survey, together with .such recommendations as you may deem
appropriate.
.
,
. 42. The Allied Council should adopt ~ policy which would forbid participa
tion of Austrian firms in international cartels or other restrictive contracts and
arrangements, and should order the prompt termination of all existing Austrian
participation in such cartels, contracts. and arrangements. Pending agreement
APPENDIX
.
,
•
.
. 191
.
in the Allied Council, you should take no action in your own zone with regard
.
to this p a r a g r a p h . '
PART III
FINANCIAL
General Provisions
!
;
.
I
I
. . 43. The Allied Council' should adopt: for application throughout Austria,'
un~for!D. financial. measures which are neces~ary. to ~he accompl.ishment. of the
objectIves stated 10 paragraph 4 (b) of thIS dIrectIve and wnlch are 10 con
formity with the pr10ciples and policies set forth~elow. You will urge the
establishment of centralized administration of such measures to the extent neces
sary to achieve these objectives· and, pending agreement in, the Allied Council,
you will adopt such necessary measures in your own zone as are in .conformity
. with. the provisions of this directive.
.
44. In the administration of financial matters you will follow the principles
set forth in paragraph 25 of this directive.
.
..
.
45. You. will maintain such accounts and records as may be necessary to
reflect the financial operations of the military government in your zone, arid
you will provide the 41lied. Council.with such information as it may require,
including informati()n in connection with the use, of currency by your forces,
any governmental settlements, occupation costs, .and other expenditures arising
'.
out of operations or activities involving participation oLyo.ur forces. .
. 46.' You will take measures to safeguard books and reCords of all public and
private banks and other financial institutiOns.
.
. .
. .
47. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you are authorized
to .take the following s t e p s : ·
a. to prohibit, .or to prescribe regulations. regarding' transfers or other deal
ings in private or public securities or real. estate or other property;
b. to close banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions for a
period long enough for you. to introduce satisfactory control, to ascertain their
cash position, to apply, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 (c) of this
directive,. and to issue instructions for the determination of accounts and assets
to be blocked under paragraph 55 below;
c. to dose stock and commodity' exchanges and similar institutions for such
periods as you deem appropriate and apply the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6,
.
7 and 8 (c) of this directive;
d.' to establish a general or limited moratorium, or moratoria, to the extent
necessary to carry out the objectives stated in this directive. In particular, it may.
prove desirable to prevent foreclosures of mortgages and the exercise of simila,r
remedies by creditors against indivi<luals and small business enterprises;
e. to issue regulations' prescribing the purposes for which credit may be ex
tended and the terms and conditions governing the extension of credit;
. f. to put into effect such further financial measures as you. deem necessary
to accomplish the purposes stated in this directive.
.
48. The· Allied Council should designate a suitable bank, preferably. the
former Vienna Branch of the Rekhsbank; to perform under itsdire'ction central
banking functions. Simultaneously, all connections between such designated
bank and institutions or persons in Germany should be severed in accordance
�192
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
with paragraph '57 of this directive, When satisfied that this bank is under
adequate control, the Allied Council may, by ensuring that credits are made
available only in schillings through the .zone commanders or ~uthorized issuing
banks or agencies, place such bank in a position to fil'l.~ce other banks or other,
financial institutions for the conduct of approved busil'l.ess. .
,
.,' .
Pending the designation of such a bank by the Allied Council, you may·desig
nate a bank in your zone to perform similar functions under your direct control
,.
and supervision and subject to the. conditions specified above.
In an emergency you are also authorized to make direct advanc.es, in schillings
only, to other financial institutions.
Currency' .
. 49. The Allied Council should regulate and control the issue and volume 'of
currency in Austria in accordance with the following provisions:
a. United States forces and other Allied forces within Austria will' use only
Allied military schillings for pay of troops and other military requirements.
Allied military schillings will be declared legal tender in Austria. As long as
Reichsmarks are legal tender iri Austria; Allied military schillings will circulate
interchangeably with Reichsmarks at a rate of one Allied military schilling for
one Reichsmark. Reichskreditkassenscheine' and other Qlilitary currency issued
by the Germans will not be leg:!.1 tender in .Austria;
.
b. without authorization by the Allied Council, no Austrian governmental·
or private banks or agencies will be permitted to issue banknotes or currency;
c. ap1;ropriate Austrill;D authorit!es should, to the max.unum. extent poSsibl;,
be required by the Albed Council to~ make funds avatlable free of cost 10
amounts sufficient to meet all expenses of the forces of occupation, including
the cost of Allied military government; the pay of Allied military personnel,
and to the extent that compensation- is made. therefor the cost of suCh private .
property as may be requisitioned, seized, or otherwise acquired by Allied
authorities for reparation or restitution purposes;
,
d. as soon as administratively practicable, a general conversion into Allied
Military schillings of the Reichsma'rk- and Rentenmark cur~ency circulated in
Austria Should be undertaken by the Allied Couricil or by you in coOrdination
with the other zone commanders.
'.
You will receive separate instructions relativ~ to .the currency which' you will
use in the event that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied Military
dtillings are not available.
.
'.
'
You will not announce or establish, until receipt of further instructions, any
general rate of exchange between the Allied Military schilling on the one hand
and the U.S. dollar and other currencies on the other. However, the rate of
exchange to be used exclusively for pay of troops and military accounting pur·
poses will be ten Allied Military schillings for one U.S. dollar.
.
Public Finance
50. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will take such
action as may be necessary to insur.e that all laws and practices relating to taxa·
tion or other fields of finance, which discriminate for or against any persons
beca~se of race, nationality, creed or political opinion, will be amended, sus
pended or abrogated tO'the extent necessary. to eliminate such discrimination.
Consistent with the foregoing purpose, the Austrian al,lthorities should be reo
-
•
APPEND~X
•
193
quired to. take suCh action in the field of taxation. as is necessary to .assure an
adequate inflow of revenues. Any public revenue in Austria previously collected
by the German government may be used for approved public expenditures.
51. Pending the determination of the long-range Austrian customs. and trade
policy, the Austrian authorities may impose duties on imports for revenue pur
. poses. Duties for other purposes should only be imposed with the approval of
the Allied Council. No (luties will be imposed· on imports for military' account
or for the account of such relief agencies as may be designated.
. .
52. Subject to any agree(l policies of the Allied Council, you will prohibit:
a. the. payment to ex-soldiers' of all military pensions, or other emoluments
or. benefits, 'except compensation for physical· di!fability limiting the recipient's
ability to work at .rates which are no higher than the lowest of those for
comparable physical disability arising from non-military causes;
b. the payment of all public or private pensions or other emolilments or .
benefits granted or, conferred
.
, ( 1) by reason of membership in or serviCes to. the former Nazi party, its
formations, affiliated associations or supervised organizations or any pre-Nazi Fas
cist organizations, such as the Heimwehr and the Ostinarkische Sturmsch!lren;
(2) to any person who has been removed from an office or position in ac
cordance. with paragraphs '5, 6 and 8 (c); a n d , · ·
.
(3) to any person arrested and detained in. accordance with paragraph 7
during the term of his arrest, or permanently, in case of his subsequent
conviction.
.
.
. .'
.'
,
53: The Allied Council should exercise general control and supervision over,'
the expenditures of public funds to the extent neceSsary to achieve the purposes
of the occupation.
54. The Allied Council should promptly initiate a survey for the purpose of
ascertaining (a) the amount of the German government debt"held in Austria,
(b) the amount of all outstanding internal public debts in Austria, and (c)
the fiscal position of Austria. You will promptly submit recommendations con
cerning the treatment of these debts" taking into consideration the effect on
Austrian public credit .of policies on this matter..
Property Control
.
55. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will impound
or block all gold, silver, currencies, securities accounts in financial institutions,
credits, valuable papers, and all other assets falling within the following
categories:
'.
a. Proferty owned or controlled, directly orin:directly,in whole or in part,
by any 0 the following:
.'
.
-,
"
.
(1) the governments, nationals or residents-of the German Reich, Italy,
Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, Finland and Japan, including those of territories
occupied by them;
.
, '
(2) the Austrian State, the municipal and provincial government and all .
governmental authorities within Al,lStria, including their agencies and instru
mentalities;
(3) the Nazi, Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations, its officials, leading members and supporters;
(4) all organizations, clubs or other associations prohibited pr dissolved by
. military government;
�194
-AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(5) absentee owners, including United Nations l!J,ld neutral governments; ,
(6) any institution dedicated 'to public worship, charity, education or the
arts and sciences, which has been usea by the ;Naii pa+ty to, further its interests
or to cloak its activities;
,
(7) persons subject to arrest under the provisions of paragraph 7, and all
other persons specified by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise;
b. Property which has been the subject of transfer under duress, or wrongful
acts of confiscation, disposition or spoliation, whether pursuant t() legislation
or by procedures purporting to follow forms of law or otherwise;
c. Works of art or' cultural material of value or importance. regardless of
the ownership thereof.
You will take such action as will ensure that any impounded or blocked
assets will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions
which you may issue. IIi the case particularly of property blocked under a (2)
above, you will proceed to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining
such property under surveillance, would permit its use in consonance with
this directive. Property taken from Austrians under the conditions stated' in b
above should be restored as promptly as possible, subject to, appropriate safe
,guards to prevent the cloaking of Nazi, German or militaristic influence.
The Allied Council shomd seek out and reduce to the possession and control
of a spetial agency all property interests of any type and desCription owned either
directly or indirectly by Germany or a national or a resident thereof. ' , '
-
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195
XII
REPORT ON THE TRIPARTITE CONFERENCE OF POTSDA:tvf
August 2, 1945 1
On July 17, 1945, the President of the United States of America, Harry S.
Truman; the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics,Generalissimo J. V. Stalin and the Prime Minister'
of Great Britain, Winston S. thurchill, together with Mr. dement R. Attlee,
met in the Tripartite, Conference of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
. Foreign Secretaries of the, three Governments, Mr. James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M.
Molotoff, and Mr. Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, and other advisers.
There were nine meetings between July 17 and July 25. The Conference was
then interrupted for two days while the results of the British general election
were being aeclared.
, On July 28 Mr. Attlee returned to the <:;onference as Prime Minister, accom
panied by the new Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ernest Bevin.
Four days of further discussion then took place. During the course of the' Con
ference there were regular meetings of the heads of the three'Governments
accompanied by the Foreign Secretaries, and also of the Foreign Secretaries alone.
Committees appointed by the Foreign Secretaries for preliminary consideration
of questions 6efore the Conference also. met daily.
,
. The meetings. of the Conference were held at the Cecilienhof, near Potsdam.
The Conference ended on August 2, 1945.
lmportantdecisions and agreements were reached. Views exchanged on 'a
numoer of other questions and considerations of these matters will be continued
by the Council of Foreign' Ministers established by the Conference. '
President Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and Prime Minister Attlee leave this
Conference, which has strengthened the ties between the three Governments and '
'extended the scope' of their collaboration and undersfanding, with renewed con
fidence that their Governments' and peoples, together with the other, .United
.
Nations, will insure the creation of a just and enduring peace.
.
.
,
j
'
j
!
\
External Financial and Properly Relations
56. All foreign exchange transactions, including those arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled for the purpose of achieving the objectives set
forth in this directive. To effectuate such objectives the Allied Council should
a.seek out and reduce to the possession and control ofa special agency all,
Austrian (public and private) foreign exchange and external assets of every
kind, and description located within or outside Austria; ,
,
b. prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings in gold,
silver, foreign exchange, and all -foreign exchange transactions of any kind; ,
, c. make available any foreign exchange rroceeds of exports for payment of
imports necessary to the accomplishment 0 the objectives set forth in this di-,
rective and authorize no other outlay of foreign exchange assets for purposes
,
approved by the Allied Councilor other appropriate authority;
d. establish effective controls with respect to all foreign exchange transactions,
including:
' ,
"', .
',
( 1) transactions as to property between persons inside: Au*ia and 'persons
outside Austria;
"
'
'
(2) transactions involving obligations owed ,by or to become due· from.
any person in Austria to any person outside Austria; and
.
(3) transactions involving the importation or exportation frorp Austria of
any currency, foreign exchange asset or other form of property.
57. The Allied Council should, in cooreration with the Control Council in
'Germany, take steps necessary to sever al managerial and other organizational
connections of banks, including postal banking offices, and all other business
enterprises located in Austria with banks and business enterprises or persons
located in Germany.
"
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APPENDIX
I
{
'j
I
I
I'
ESTABLISHMENT OF A COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS
The Conference reached·an agreement for the establishment of a Council
of .Foreign Ministers representating the five principal powers, to continue the
necessary preparatory work for the peace settlements ana to take up other mat
ters whiCh from time to time may be referred to the Council by agreement of
the Govef!?ments participating in the Council.
'. ' .
The text of the agreement for the establishment of the Council of. Foreign
Ministers is as follows:
l. There shall be established a Council composed of the Foreign Ministers
of the United Kingdom, the Union of the Soviet' Socialist· Republics, China,
France and the United States.
, '
2. (I) The Council shall normally meet in London, which shall be the per
manent seat of the Joint Secretariat :which the Council will form. Each of the
, Foreign Ministers will be accompanied by a high-ranking deputy, duly autho
rized to carry. on the work of the Council in the absence of his Foreign Minister,
and by a small staff of technical advisers.
.
'The Potsdam Declaration wa.s released to the press on August 2, 194'~ Department of
State, Bulletin, Vol. XIII (194,), pp. 1:53-161.
'
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EXcerpt. Seot1:Cll DIl. iBlooldng _4 Ccmtr~l' CIt hopart7 I
.'
11. Clas'S~8 ot PrCll!~",'to be restriot••
You will oemtinue'to enfaroe measures prniousl,. tekeD. to preftllt.
exoept as perm.1tte4UDder lieenaee ~ other instructions prev1011817 '
, , , ls,sue4 or ~ereattar i88,*,. an,. transaoticm ar other dealing in
aD,.,
.:. ~'Propert,." Owned or ocmtrolleci direot17 ~ hdirectl,-. 1nWbole or
in part • by' 8J17otthe tollorilig.
aD,.
ot the I.a8n4er. G or Provinoes.
aue
ar othar'similar political subdivisions ar 8Il7 ageIl07 'or
ins'tr1a8ntallty thereat. ~nclUdingall 'utilities. under~
tskinge, publio corporations ar monopol18 under cCIltrolof
an,. of the ab0't'8 ;
,
"
, (1) , 'The Genn8n Reich. ar
Go'f'l!lraments. natiCllals ar residents ot nations, other' thaD
OeriDan,.. '"hich haft been at "ar with an,.ot the UnitedNattems
at 8D.'1 time since'September'l, 1939~ and governments, naticmals
"8lid residents ot terrttories which have been oOcu,Pied sinoe
'
that date 'by SUch natiems ar by Ge~y;
(3) The NSDAP~", all ottioes, departments. agencies and argsnlzatiems
tol'Dling part Of it. attache4to. ar cemtrolled 'b,- ita their
otticials, and suoli ot, their leading members 'ud suppOrters as
may be, mOwn to you.ar be specified by, this Beedquartera,
"
•
(4) .All persons while held under d~tent1em
or
custod7 by you,
.
MY
other ,type ot
(5) .A.llorganizaticma. 'clubs or other as~ociat1on~ prohlbited' ar
dissolve4, bYM1litar,. Government;
(6) Absentee OIIIlers ot nm-German nationailt7, includtD.g Unite4
Ratiems. and neutral gov&rnments tar their natiCllals. a1ut
Germans outside otGerman,.,
(7)
'(8)
...•.
j
,j.
'/
'j
'.
"
J.n,. Kreis.' DID1icipality ar
other similar'local subdiTisiemj
JJly inatitutiCll dedicated ,to publio, worship; charity. education
ar the arts and sciences, which has been, used by the Nazi party
to turtherit.s interests, or to cloak its acti~tiesJ and
','.
b~, Pr1 aOt ot confisoatiCll, the s~bJect ot ar spol1atiCll, whether pur..
' oparty "h1chhas been
transter under duress~ wremg
, tu
disposses81em
. suant to legislatiem ar by procedures purporting to tollowtorme
ot lalr, or otherwise J .
. .
c.
Works ot art or culmx:al material ot value ar impartimce. regardless
ot the OIIIlership thereot.
.
J/ usn: DireeUn to
~ Oeoer~'~l1'&r7
..d1DB
Dr••riet., 7 3(;45
~
u~~S ~~:g
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2r LLU
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�t\
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ,..;.- GERMANY
6{jt
SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREA OF CONTROL
A- '~ILITARREGIERUNG
PROCLAMATION NO. ·1
•
!he people 'of
An das
GERMANY
,I. General Dwight D, Eisenhow~r, Supreme :Commander,
j('d Expeditionary Force, do hereby proclaim as !ollows:-:
PROKLAMATION NR. 1
DEUTSCHE YOLK
.lch, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberster Befehlshaber
der Alliierten Streitkrafte, gebe hiermit folgendes bekannt:
1
I
The ,Allied Forces serving under my 'command have now
rcd Germany. We come as conqueror~, but not as op
In the area of Germany occupied by the forces,
my command. we shall obliterate Nazi-ism and G~r
Militarism. We shall overthr.ow the Nazi rule,dissolve'
Nazi Party and abolish the cruel, oppressive and dis
laws and institutions, which the Party has
We shall eradicate that German Militarism which
so often disrupted' the peaoo of the world. 'Military
nd Party leaders, the Gestapo and others suspected of
mes and atrocities will be tried and, if guilty, punished
they deserve.
II
•
DEUTSCHLA~D)
_
't---t}S
KONTROLL-GEBIET DES' O,BERSTEN 'BEFEHLSHABERS
Die Alliierten Streitkrafte, die unler meinem Oberbefehi
stehen, haben jetzt deutscnen Boden betreten. Wit kommen
als ein siegreiches Heer, jedoch nicht als Unterdrucker. In
dem deutschen Gebiet, das von Streitkraften unter meinem
Oberbefehl besetzt ist, werden wir den Nationalsozialismus
und den deutschen Militarismusvernichten, die Herrschaft
der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeitel'partei besei
tigen, die NSDAP auflosen sowie die grausamen, harten und'
lIngerechten Rechtssatze und Einrichtungen, die von der
NSDAP geschafien worden sind, aufheben. Den deutschen
Militarismus, der so oft den Frieden der Welt gestort hat.
werden wir endgUltig beseitigen. Fuhrer der Wehrmacht
und der NSDAP, Mitglieder der Geheimen Staatspolizei und
andere Personen,' die verqachtigt sind, Verbrechen und Grau
samkeHen begangen zu haben, werden gerichtlich angeklagt
und, falls fur schuldig befunden, ihrer gerechten Bestrafung
zugefilhrt.
'
II
supreme legislative; judicial and executive authority and
powers within the occupied territory" are vested in me as
Die hochste gesetzgebende, rechtsprechende und voll
ziehende Machtbefugnis und Gewalt in dem besetzten Gebiet
eComlllander of the Allied Forces and as Military
ist in meiner ,Person als Oberster Befehlshaber'der Alliierten
.""Au,orr,n", and the Military Government is established to
Streitkrafte und als Militar-Gouverneur vereinigt. Die Mili
these powers un~er my direction. , /\,11 persons in
tlirregierung ist eingesetzt, um diese Gewalten unter meinem
the occupied territory will obey immediately and without
Befeh1. auszutiben. Alle Personen in dem besetzten Gebiel
haben ',unverzuglich und widerspruchslos alle Befehle und
question all the' enactments' and qrders of the Military
Veroffentlichungen der Militlirregierung
Government. Military Government Courts will be established ',der Militlirregierung werden eingesetzt, zu befolgen. Gerichte
urn Rechtsbrecher'.zu
for the punishment of offenders. Resistance to the Allied
verurteilen. Wider-stand gegen die Alliierten Streitkrlifte wlrd
Forces will' be ruthlessly stamped out. Other serious offenses unmichsichtlich gebrochen. Andere schwere strafbare Hand
lungen werden schlirfstens geahndet.
'
will be dealt with severely.
III
III
All German courts and educational institutions within the
'territory are suspended. The Volksgerichtshof, the
Sondergerichte, theSS Police,Courts and other special courts
are deprived of authority throughout the occupied territory.
Rc-opening of the criminal and civil courts and educational
institutions will be authorized when conditions permit.
IV
All, officials are charged with the duty of remaining ,at
their posts until further orders, and obeying arid enforcing
" nil qrders or directions of Military Government or the Allied
t Authorities addressed to the German ,Gover'nment or the
':!< German people.
This' applies also ,to officials,employees
, and workers of all public undertakings and utilities and to
all other persons engaged in essential work,;,
DWIGHT D.' EISENHOWER,
SUPREME COMMANDER
Allied Expeditionary Force
Alle deutschen Gerichte, Unterrichts-und. Erziehungs
anstalten innerhalb des besetzten Gebietes werden bis auf
weiteres geschlosserL Dem Volksgerlchtsh9f, den' Sonder
gerichten, den SS Polizei-Gerichten und anderen ~\UJ3e,:,
ordentlichen Gerichten wird tiberall im besetzten Geblet dIe
GerichtsbarkeitentzogeIl. Die Wiederaufnahme der Tatig.:.
keit der Straf:- undZivilgerichte' und die WiedererOffn~ng
der Unterrichts- und Erziehungsanstalten wird genehmIgt,
'sobald die ZusUinde' es zulassen.
, IV
Alle Beamte sind Yerpflichtet,bisauf 'weiteres auf ihren
Posten zu verbleiben und alle Befehle und Anordnungen d~r
l\4i1itiirregierung oder <kir Alliierten BehOrden, ~ie an. dIe
deutsche Regierung oder an das deutsche Yolk l!erIc~tet ,~md.
zu befolgen und auszufilhren. Dies gilt auch fur dIe Beam
ten Arbeiter und .A.ngestellien samtlicher offentlichen und
ge~einwirtschaftlichen Betrietie, sowie fur sonstig~ Personen,
die notwendige Tatigkeiten verrichten: '
.
,"
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER,
Oberster Befehlshaber
der Allilerten Streitkdifte,
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
MILlTXRREGIERUNG
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
PROCLAMATION NO.1
PROKLAMATION NR. 1
To the People of Germany:
AN DASDEUTSCHE VOLK:,
leh, General, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberbefehlshab~r der
I, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commanding General,
United States Armed Forces in Europe, do hereby proclaim
Amerikanischen Streitkrlifte in Europa, erlasse hlerml\
folgende Proklamation:
as follows:
•
I
As announced on 5 June 1945, supreme authority with
It'spect 10 Germany has been assumed by the Governments
"
I
,
Nach der Bekanntmachung vom 5. Juni 1945 haueI?: ?ic
Regierungen der Vereinigten Staaten, des Verei~igten KO,mg
reichs und der Union der Sozialistischen sowJetrepubhken
�,
fl.'
I
I
"
i
\
'
"
I
'
,
'
'
una die Provisorische 'Regierung del" Franzosischen Republik
die hochste .Autoritat hinsichtlich Deutschlands ubernommen,
II
Die Amerikanische Besatzungszone ist von Amerikanischen
Streitkraften unter meimim Oberbefehl besetzt, und es be.
sleht darin unter melner Autoritiit eine Militarregierung,
Jede Person in diesel" Regierungszone hat unverzugtich und
bedingung;;los alle Rechtssatze und Anordnungen zu befol.
gen, soweit sie in .. Kraft bleiben, odeI' von mil" oder in
meinem.Auftrage erlassen werden.
The United Stutes Zone of Occupation is occupied by United
States Forces under my commim::l and a Military Govern
ment under my authority is established therein. All persons
in such Government' Zone wi!'l obey immediatelY and without
question all of the enac1 men(5 and orders continued in effect
or issued by ine or under my ~uthortty.
III
Aile Anordnungen del" l\,lilitarregierung und sonstige
All Military Government and other orders (including
Anordnungen (einschliei3lich Proklamationen, Gesetze, Ver·
proclamations" laws, ordinances., notices, regulations and
, ordnungen i Bekanntmachungen, Vorschriften und Anweisun·
directions) issued by or under the authority of the Supreme
gen), die von dem Obersten Befehlshaber del" AUfierten
Commander, Allicd Expeditionary Force, are continued in
Streitkrafte oder in seinem Auftrage erlassen worden sind,
full force und effect in the United States Zone of Occupation
bleiben in der Arrierikanischen Besatzungszone in vollem
except 'as specifically revoked or modified by me or under
Umfange in Kraft, soweit sie nicht ausdrticklich von mir od'er
my authority. In, applying such orders now outstanding"
in meinem Auftrage aufgehoben oder abgeandert worden
within this Zone, 'all references to Supreme Commander, to
sind: Bei der Anwendung del" In diesel" Zone jetzt geitenden
Allied Expeditionary Force, and to Allied Military Authorities .Anordnu'ngen bedeutet jede Bezugnahme auf den Obersten
shall be construed as referring from this date forward to
Befehlshaber, die' Alliierten Streitkrafte und die Alliierten
the Commanding' General, United, States' Armed Forces in
MilWirbehorden von diesem .Tage ab den Oberbefehlshaber
Europe, to the Armed Forces of the United States in Ger
del" Am2rikanischen Streitkrafte in Europa, beziehungsweise,
111any, and to the United States Military Authorities in Ger
die Amerikanischen Streitkrafte in Deutschland. beziehungs~
many respectively.
weise die Amerikanischen Militarbehorden in-Deutschland,
'IV
IV
,'1
All appointments heretofore made and all authorizations
'Aile im Auftrage del" Militarregierung oder sonst auf
heretQfore )ssued by order of ,Military Go\'ernment or
Grund der Ermachtigung des' Obersten Befehlshabers der
otherwise under the authority (If the Supreme Commander,
Alliierten Streitkrafte bis heute vorgcnommenen Ernennun
Allied Expeditionary Force, continue to be in full force and
gen und erteilten Vollmachten bleiben in vollem ,Umfan~e
effect according to their terms until, revoked or modified by
lautihren Bedingungen in Kraft, bis sie von mil" oder In
me' or under my, ,authority.
meinem Auftrage widerrufen oder abgeandert werden.,
Dated: 14 July 1945.,'
Datum: 14: Juli 1945.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
General of, the Army
General of the Army,
Oberbefehlshaber der.
Commanding General of the United
Amerikanischen Streitkriifte in Europa,
States Armed Forces in Europe.
III
!:
r
",
..
mar.
shal
~
of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Union of Socialist Soviet Repu,blics, and the Provisional Government of
,the French RepublIc, '
"
'
'
,
,
II
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
\
PROKLAMATION NR.' 2
law
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MILITx'RREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
PROCLAMATION NO. 2
of (
To th2 German p:?ople in th~ United States Zon~:
I, General Dwight D.Eisenhower, Commanding Gener~l,
TJnited States Forces, European Theater, ,dO' hereby proclaim
as follows: ,
,
ARTICLE I
Thel;e are hereby constituted' within ·the United States
Zone of Occupation the following administrative 'areas which
will henceforth be l"~ferred to as states and each of which
will have a state government:,
"
GREATER HESSEN - comprising Kurhessen and Nassau
(excepting enclaves thereof and the Kreise Oberwester
wald, Unterwesterwald, Unterlahn and' ,Sankt Goars
hausen) and Hessen-Starkenburg, Oberhessen, and the
part of Rheinh'~ssen east of the Rhine;'
WURTTEMBERG-BADEN, - comprising the Kreise Aalen;
Backnang, BobIingen, Crailsheim. Esstlngen, Gmtind,
Goppingen, Hall, Heidenheim, Heilbronn, Ktinzelsau,
Leonberg, Ludwigsburg, Mergentheim, Ntirtingen north
of the Autobahn, Ohringen, Stuttgart, Ulm, Vaihingeri,
Waiblingen, the ,LandeskommissarbezirklVIannheim, and
the Kreise Bruchsal, Karlsruhe 'Stadt and Land, and,
Pfcrzheim Stadt and Land;
,
BAVARIA - ' comprising all of Bavaria as constituted in
1933, l·:?ss Kreis Lindau; .
'
ARTICLE n
Except as heretofore abrogated, suspended or modified by
Military Govcrnment or by the Control Council for Ger-
i
An das Deutsche. Yolk in d':!r Amerikanischen ,Zone:
Ich General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberster Befehlshabe r
der Amerikanisc'ben' Streitkrafte in Europa, erlasse hierm l !
folgende Proklarp.ation:
'ArtikeJ I
Innerhalb del" Amerikanischen Besatzungszone werden
hiermit Verwaltungsg·:!biete gebildet, die von jetzt ab l1.ls
Staaten bezeichnet werden; jeder Staat wird eine Staats
regierung haben. Die folgenden Slaaten werden' gebildet:
GROSS-HESSEN uinfasstKurhessen und Nassau (auS
schliesslich del" zugehorigen Exklaven und der Krcisc
Ob~rwesterwald. Unterwesterv.rald, Unterlahn und Sankl
Goarshausen) und Hessen-Starkenburg, Oberhesscn.
und den ostlich des Rheines belegenen Teil von Rhein
hessen;
WURTTEMBERG-BADEN umfasst die Kreise Aalen, Back
nang,. Boblingen, Crailsheim. Esslingen, GrilUnd, GoP
pingen, Hall, Heidenheim, Heilbronn, KUnzelsau, Leon'
b:!rg, Ludwigsburg, MergentheJm, Ntirtingcn nordlich der
Autobahn, Ohringen, Stuttgart, Ulm. Vaihingen. 'Walb
lingen, den" Landeskommissiirbezirk Mannheim,' und dIe
Kr,eise Bruchsal, Karls'ruhe Stadt unci Lan~, unci Pforz'
heim Stadt und Land;
BAYERNumfasst g::mz Bayern, wie es 1933 bestand, au5
schlieJ311ch des Kreises Lindau.
"
ArUkel II
Sawe!t das deutsche Rechi, das zur Zei~ del" Besetzunll
in Kraft war, nicht durch die, Militarregicrung, od'~r dell
II
wit;
the
peo
her;
1.
30
sldi
are
(,
(
�. \ 'v?orVl
194
\Y7
AMERICAN .MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(5) absentee owners, including United Nations and neutral governments;
(6) any institution dedicated to public worship; charity, education or the
arts and sciences; which has been used by the Nazi party to further its interests
or to cloak its activities;
(7) persons subject to arrest under the provisions of paragraph 7, and all.
other persons· specified 'by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise;
b. Property which has beerithe subject Of transfer under duress, or wrongful
acts' of confiscation, disposition or spoliation, whether pursuant to legislation
or by procedures purporting to follow forms of law or otherwise;
c. Works of art or cultural material of value or importance, regardless of
the ownership thereof.
,
_ You. will take SUch: -action as will ensure that any impounded or bloCked
assets will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions
which you may issue. In the case particularly of property blocked under a .(2)
above, you will proceed to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining
such property· under surveillance,would per:mit its use in consonance with
this directive. Property taken. from Austrians under the conditions stated in L
abo"e should be restored as promptly ~ possible, subject to appropriate saf~
guards to prevent the cloaking of Nazi; German or militaristic influence. '
The Allied Council should seek out and reduce to the possession and control
o! a special.ag~ncy all property interests of .any type and ~escription owned either
directly or mdtrectly ,by Germany or a nattonal ora restdent· thereof.
.
I!.:dernal Financial and Property Relations .
56. All foreign exchange transactions, including those .arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled for the purpose of achieving the objectives set
forth in this directive. To effectuate such objectives the Allied Council should
a. seek out and reduce to the' possessioll and control' of a special agency all
Austrian (public and private) foreign exchange and external assets of every
kind .and description-located within or outside Austria; .
, b. prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings in gold,
silver, foreign exchange, and all foreign exchange transactions of any kind;
c. make available any foreign exchange proceeds of exports for payment of
imports necessary to the' accomplishment of the objectives set forth in this di
rective and authorize 'no other outlay of foreign exchange assets for purposes
approved by the Allied Councilor other appropriate authority;
. d. establish effective controls with respect to all foreign exchange transactions,
including: .
•
(1) transactions as to property between persons inside Austria and persons
outside Austria;
"
.
(2) transactions involvi-ng obligations owed by or to become due from
, any person in Austria to any person outside Austria; and
- (3) transactions involving the importation or exportation from Austria of
any currency, foreign exchange asset or other form of property.
',
.'
5.7. The Allied Council should, in cooperation with the Control Council in
Germany, take steps necessary to sever all managerial and other organizational
connections of banks, including postal banking offices, and all other business
enterprises located in Austria with banks and business enterprises or persons
located in Germany.
e
~, L-JeLfS
,
.
APPENDIX
~~
195
XII
REPORT.oN THE TRIPARTITE CONFERENCE OF POTSDAM
AUl!Ust 2, 194.5 1
, On July 17, 1945, thePresideilt of the United States of America, Harry S.
Truman; . the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissiml? J. V. Stalin and the Prime Minister
of Great Britain, Winston S. Churchill, together with Mr. Oement R. Attlee,
,met in the Tripartite Conference of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
Foreign Secretaries of the three Governments, Mr. James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M.
Molotoff, and Mr. Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, and other advisers:
There were nine meetings between July 17 and July 25. The Conference was
then interrupted for two days while the results of the British' general election
, were being declared·.
.
'
On July 28 ,Mr. Attlee returned to the Conference as Prime Minister, accom
panied by the new Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ernest Bevin.
Four days of further discussion then took place. During the course of the Con
ference there were regular meetings of the heads of the three Governments
accompanied by the Foreign Secretaries, and also of the Foreign Secretaries alone.
Committees appointed by the Foreign Secretaries for preliminary· consideration
of questions before the Conference also met daily.
_
.The meetings of the Conference were held at the Cecilienhof, near Potsdam.
The Conference ended on August 2, 1945.
Important decisions and agreements were, reached. Views exchanged on a
numoer of other questions and considerations of these matters will be continued
by the Council of Foreign Ministers established by the Conference.
President Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and Prime Minister Attlee leave this
Conference, which has strengthened the ties between the three Governments and
eXtended the scope of their collaboration and understanding, with renewed con
fidence that their Governments and peoples, together with the other United
Nations, will insure the creation of a just and enduring peace. '.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A, COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS
.
.
'.'
~
The Conference reached an agreement for the establishment of a Council
of Foreign Ministersrepreserttating tl1e five principal powe:s to continue -the " '
necessary preparatory work for the peace' settlemen~s and to take up oth~rmat
ters which from time to time may be referred to the Council by agreement of
the Governments participating in the Council.
The text of the agreement for the establishment of the Council of Foreign
Ministers is as follows:
. 1. There sh~l1 be established a Council composed of the Foreign Ministers .
of the United Kingdom, the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, China,
France and the United States.
'
.
, 2. (I) The Council shall normally -meet in London, which shall be the per
manent seat of the Joint Secretariat which the Council will form. Each of the
, Foreign Ministers will- be acCompanied by a high-ranking deputy,' duly autho
rized to carry on the work of the Council in the absence of 'his Foreign Minister,
and by a small staff of technical advisers.
'The Potsdam Declaration was released to the press on August 2, 194~, Department of
State, BlJiJetin, Vol. XIII (194~),pp. IH.161.
�•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
196
(II) The first meeting of the Council shall be held'in LOndon not later than
September 1, 1945. ,Meetings may be held by ,commOn agreement in other capi
tals as may be agreed from time to time.
'
3. (I) As its immediate important task the, Council shall be authorized to
draw up. with a view to their submission to the United Nations, treaties 9f'
, peace with Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland, and to propose set~
tlements of territorial-questions outstanding on the termination of the war in
Europe. The CounciL shall be utilized for the preparation of a peace settlement
f(u Germany to be' accepted by the government of Germany when a govern
ment adequate for the purpose is established.
',
(II) For the discharge of each of these tasks the Council will be, composed
of the members representing those states which were signatory to, the terms of
surrender imposed upon the enemy state concerned. < For the, purpose of the
peace settlement for Italy, FranceshaU be regarded as a signatory to the terms
of surrender for Italy. Other members will be invited to participate when mat
ters directly concerning them are under discussion.
. '
,
(III) Other matte'rs may from time to time be refeq-ed to the Council by
agreement between the member Governments.
' '
,
4; (I) Whenever the Council is considering a question of direct interest to
a State not represented thereon, such State should be invited to send representa
tives to participate in the disCussion and study of that question.
(II) The Council may adapt its procedure to the particular problem under,
consideration. 'In some cases it may hold its own preliminary discussions prio,
, to the participation of other interested states.' In other cases, the Council may
convoke formal conference of the state chiefly inter~sted in seeking a solution
of the ,particular problem; ,
In accordance with the decision of the Conference the. three Governments
, have each addressed an identical' invitation to the Governments of China and
France to adopt this text and to join in establishing the Council. .
, The establishment of the Council of Foreign Ministers for the specific pur
poses named in the ,text will be without prejudice to the agreement of the C.ri
mea Conference that there should be periodic consultation among tile Fore.ign
Secretaries of the United States"theUnion',of Soviet Socialist Republics aQd the
United Kingdom: , '
"
' ,
The Conference also considered the position of, the European Advisory Corp
mission in the light of the agreement to establish the Council of Foreign Mini
sters. It was noted with satisfaction that the Commission had ably discharged
its principal task by the recommendations ,that it had furnished for the terms
ofGermany's unconditional surren'der, for the zones of occupation in Germany
and Austria and for the inter-Allied control machinery in tho~e countries. It
was felt that further work of a detailed character for the coordination of Allied
policy for the control of Germany and Austria would in future fall within the
competence of the Allied Control Council at Berlin and the Allied Commission
at Vienna. Accordingly, it was' agreed to recommend that the ,European Advis
ory Commission be dissolved.
'
,
GERMANY
The Allied armies are in occupation of the whole of Germany and the Ger
man people have begun to atone' for the terrible crimes committed under the
leadership of those whom in the hour of their success they openly approved and
blindly obeyed. .
'
a
•
APPENDIX
•
.'
197
Agreement has been reached at this conference on the political and economic
, principles of a coordinated Allied policy toward clefeated Germany during the
period of Allied controL,
,
"
The purpose of this agreement is to carry' out the Crimea Declaration on Ger
many. German'militarism and Nazism will be eX!irpatedand the Allies will take
in agreemenf together, now and in the, future, the other measures necessary to
assure that Germany never again will threaten her neighbors or the peace of
'the world.
'
It is not the intention of the All~es to destroy or enslave the German people. '
It is the intention of the Allies that the German people be given the opportunity
'to prepare for the eventual reco,nstruction of their life on a democratic and
peaceful basis. If their own efforts are steadily directed to this end, it will be
possible for them in due course to take their place among the free and peaceful
peoples of the world.
The text of th~ agreement i~ as follo""s: '
,) ,
THE POLITiCAL AND' ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO GOVERN
THE TREATMENT OF GERMANY IN THE
'
INITIAL CONTROL PERIOD
A.POLITICAL PRINCIPLES.
: , L I n accordancewith.the agreement on control machinery in' Germany, su
, premeauthority in Germany is 'exercised on instructions from their respective
Governments, by the Commarider in Chief of the Armed Forces of the. United
. States of America, the United Kingdom, theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics,
and the French Republie, each.in his own zone of occupation, and also jointly,
in matters affecting Germany as a whole, in their capacity as members of the
Control Council.
, "
,
2. So far as is practi~able, there shall be uniformity of treatment of the Ger
man population throughout Germ~ny.
3. The purposes of the occupation of Germany· by which the Control.Council
shall be guided are:
' ,
. , '
"
(I) ,The complete disarmament and demilifarization of Germany an'd the
elimination or control of all German industry that could be used for military
production. To these ends:
"
'
(a) All German land, naval and air forces,the S.S., S.A., S.D., and Gestapo,
with all their organizations, staffs and institutions, including the General Staff,
,the Officers' Corps, Rese.rve C;:orps, military schools" war veterans' organizations
and all other, military and quasi-military organizations, together with 'all clubs
' and associations which serve to keep alive the military tradition in Germany,
shall be completely and finally abolished in such manner as permanently to pre
vent,the revival or reorganization of German militarism and Nazism. '
(b) All arms, ammuniti9D. and implements of war and all specialized facili
ties for their production shall be held at the disposal of the Allies or destroyed.
, The maintepanceand production of all aircraft and all arms, ,ammunition and
implements of war shall be prevented. '
"
(II) To convince the German people that they have suffered a total military
defeat and that they cannot escape responsibility for what they have brought
upon themselves, since their own ruthless warfare and the fanatical Nazi resist
ance have ,destroyed German economy and made chaos and suffering inevitable.
�198,
•
•
'
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(III) To destroy the National Socialist Party and its affiliated and supervised
organizations; to dissolve all Nazi institutions, to insure that they are not revived
in any form, and to prevent all Nazi and militarist activity or propaganda.
(IV) To prepare for the eventual reconstruction.of German' political life'
on a democratic, basis and for ,eventual peaceful, cooperation in international
life by Germany.
_
_
,_
-_
(4) All Nazi laws which provided the basis of the Hitler regime or estab·
lished discrimination on grounds of race, creed, or political opinion shall be
abolished. No such discriminations, whether _legal, administrative or otherwise,
shall be tolerated.
5. War criminals and those who have participated in planning or carrying
out Nazi -enterprises involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes shall be
arrested and brought, to judgment. Nazi leaders, in6uential Nazi supporters
and high officials of Nazi organizations and institutions and any other persons
dangerous to the occupation or its objectives shall be arrested and interned.
6. All members of tbe Nazi' party who have been more than' nominal par·
ticipants in its, activities and all other persons hostile to Allied purposes shalt
be removed from public and semi-public office and from positions of responsi
-bility in important- private undertakings. Suchp'ersons shall bereplaced by per
sons who, by, their political and moral qualities, are deemed capable of assist·
_
ing in developing genuine democratic institutions in Germany.
, 7_ German education shall be so controlled as completely to eliminate Nazi
and militaristic doctrines and to make possible the successful development of
democratic ideas.
- _ The judicial system will be reorganized in accordance with the principles
-8.
of democracy; of justice under law, and of equal rights for all citizens without
distinction of race, nationality or religion.
9. _The administration of affairs in Germany should be directed toward the
decentralization of the political structure and the development of local respon
sibility. To this end:
"
,
.,
(I) Local self-government shall be restored throughout Germany on demo~
cratic principles and in particular through elective councils as rapidly as is con,
- sistent with military security and the purposes of military occupation;
(II) All democratic political parties with rights of assembly and of public
discussions shall be allowed and encouraged throughout Germany;
(III) Representatives and elective principles shall be introduced, into re
gional, provincial and .sta~e (land) admi~is!ratio~ as 'rapidly as may be justified
by the sl,lccessful apphcatJonof these prmtlples 10 local self.government; - .
(IV) For the time being no central German Government shall be established.
Notwithstanding this, however, certain essential central German administrative
departments, headed by State Secretaries, shall be established, particularly in
the fields of finance, transport, communieations, foreign trade and industry.
Such departments will act under the direction of the Control Council._
10. Subject to the necessity for maintaining military security, freedom of
speech, press and religion shall be permitted, and religious institutions shall
be respected. Subject likewise to the maintenance of military security, the for·
mation of free trade unions shall be permitted.
B. ECONOMIC PRINciPLES
11. In order to eliminate Germany's war potential, the production of arms,
APPENDIX
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199
ammunition and implements of war _ well as all types of aircraft and sea.
as
-going ships shall be prohibited and prevented. Production of metals, chemicals,
machinery and other items that ,are directly necessary to a war economy shall
be rigidly controlled and restricted to Germany's approved postwar peacetime
needs to meet the objectives stated in paragraph 15. Productive capacity not
needed for permitted production shall be removed in accordance with the repa
rations plan recommended by the Allied Comm.ission on reparations and ap
proved by the Governments concerned, or if not removed shall be destroyed.
12. At the earliest practicable date the German ecpnomy shall be decentral.
ized for the purpose of eliminating the present excessive concentration of eco.
nomic power as exemplified in particular by cartels, syndicates, trusts and other
monopolistic arrangements.
-
13. In organizing the German economy, rrimary emphasis shilll be given to
the development' of agriculture and peacefu domestic industries.,
14. During the period of occupation Germany shall be treated as a single
economic unit. To this end common policies shall be established in regard to: .
(a) ,Mining and industrial production ~d allocations;
(b) Agriculture, forestry and fishing; .
(c ) Wages, prices and rationing;'
.
( d) Import and export program for Germany as a whole;
,(e) Currency and banking, central Jaxation and customs;
(f) Reparation and removal of industrial war potential;
(g). Transportation and communications.'
.
In apylyin g these policies account shall be taken, where appropriate, of vary.
. ,ing loca . conditions.
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. 15. Allied controls shall be imposed upon the German economy, but only
".
_.
to the extent necessary: .'
. (a) To carry out rrograms of industrial disarmament and demilitarization,
of reparations, and 0 . approved exports and imports.
.
(b) To assure the production and maintenance of goods and services re
quired to meet the needs of the. occupying forces and displaced persons in Ger
many, and essential to maintain in Germany average living standards not ex~
ceeding the average of the standards of living of European countries. ,(Euro
pean countries means all European countries, excluding the United Kingdom
and the Union of &,lviet Socialist Republics.)
. '
. (c) To ensure in the manner determined by the Control Council the equi.
table distribution of essential commodities between the several zones so as to
produce a balanced economy throughout Germany and reduce the' need fot
imports.
..
.
.
(d) To control German industry and all economic and financial international
transactions, including exports and imports. with the .aim of preventing Ger.
many from developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives
named herein.
(e) T?control all German public or private scientific bodies, research and
experimental institutions, laboratories, etc., connected with economic activities.
16. In the imposition and maintenance of ecoriomic controls established by
the Control Council German administrative machinery shall be created and the
German authorities shall be required to the fullest extent practicable to ,proclaim
and assume administration of such controls. Thus it should be brought home
,to the German l'eople that the responsibility for the administration of such
�200
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
controls and any breakdown in these controls will rest with themselves. Any
German controls which may run counter to the objectives of ocrupation will
be prohibited.
'
.
17. Measures shall be promptly taken:
(a) To effect essential repair of transport; ,
(b) To enlarge coal production; ,
(c) To maximize agricultural output; and
"
,
,
(d) To effect emergency repair of housing 'and essential utilities.
18. Appropriate steps shall be taken by the Control Council to exercise con
trol and the power of disposition over German-owned external assets not already
under the control of United Nations which have take!! part in the war against
Germany. .
. '
19. Payment of reparations should leave enough resources to enable the Ger
man people to subsist without external assistance .. In working out the economic
balance of Germany the necessary means must be provided to pay for imports
'approved by the Control Council in Germany. The proceeds of exports from
current production and stocks shan be available in the first place for payment
, for such imports.
'
, _"
Th~ above clause will not apply to the equipment and 'products referred' to
in par'lgraphs ,4 (a) and 4, (b) of the reparations agreement.
REPARATIONS FROM GERMANY
. '.In accordance with the Crimea decision that Germany be compelled to com,
pensateto the greatest possible extent for the loss and suffering that she has
caused to the United Nations and ,for ,which the, German people cannot escape
responsibility, the folJowing agreement on, reparations was reached :
1. Reparation claims of the ,USSR shall be met by removals from the zone
of Germany occupied by the USSR a~d from appropriate German external assets.
2. The USSR undertakes to settle the reparation claims of Poland from its
own share of reparations. , '
.
3. Th.e reparation claims of the United States, the United Kingdom and othet.
countries entitled to reparations shall be' met' from the western ~ones and from
appropriate German external assets.
," ' ,
,
4. In addition to the reparations to be taken by the USSR from its own zone
of occupation; the USSR sl:!all receive additionally from the western zones: .
(a) Fifteen per cent of such usable and complete industrial capital equip
ment, in the first place from the metallurgical, chemical and machine manu
facturing industries, as is unnecessary for the German peace economy should
be removed from the western zone,s of Germany, in exchange for an equivalent
value of food, coal, potash, zinc, timber, clay products, petroleum products and
such other commodities. as may be agreed upon.
(b) Ten per cent of .such. industrial capital equipment as is unnecessary
for the German peace economy and should be removed from ,the western zones,
to be transferred to the Soviet Government on reparatioqs account without ,pay- .
ment or exchange of any kind in return.
. Removals of equipment as provided in· (a) and (b) above shall be made
simultaneously."
",
.
. .
5. The amount of equipment to be removed from the western zones on account
of reparations must be determined within six months from now at the latest.
. 6. Removals of industrial capital equipment shall begin as soon as possible
,
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•
201
and shall be completed within two years from the determination specified in
paragraph '5. The delivery of products covered by 4 (a) above. shall begin as
soon as possible and shall be made. by the USSR in·.agreed installments within
five years of the date hereof. The determination of the amount and character
of the industrial capital equipment unnecessary for the German peace economy
and therefore available for reparations shall be made by the Control Council
under policies fixed by the Allied Commission on Reparations, with the parti
cipation of France, subject to the final approval of theZone Commanderin the
ZOne from which the equipment is to be removed.
'
7. Prior to the fixing of the total amount of equipment subject to removal,
advance deliveries shall be made in respect of such equipment as will be deter
mined to be eligible for delivery in accordance with the procedure set forth in
the last sentence of paragraph 6.
,
8. The. Soviet Government renouncc:s all claims in respect of reparations
to shares of German enterprises which are located in' the western zones of
occupation in Germany, as well as to German foreign .assets in all countries,
except those specified in paragraph 9 below..
.
"
'
The Governments of the United Kingdom and the United .States of AmeriCa
'renounce their claims in respect of reparations to shares of German enterprises
, which are located in the eastern zone, of occupation in Germany, as well as
to German foreign assets in Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Ruri:lania and eastern
Austria.
10. The Soviet Government makes no claims to gold captured by the Allied
, troops in Germany.
"
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.
DISPOSAL OF THE GERMAN NAVY AND MERCHANT MARINE
The· Conference agreed in principle upon arrangements for the use and
disposal of the surrendered German fleet and merchant ships. It was decided '
that the three governments would appoint experts to work out together detailed
plans to give effect to the agreed principles. A further joint statement will be
. published simultaneously by the three governments in due course.
CITY OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ADJACENT AREA
The Conference examined a 'proposal by the Soviet Government that pending
the final determiriation of territorial questions at the peace settlement the sec
tion of the'westernfrontier of the. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which
is adjacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point on the eastern shore of
the Bay of D~zig to the east, north of Braunsberg-Goldap, to the meeting point
of the frontiers of Lithuania, the Polish Republic and East Prussia.
,
The Conference has agreed in principle. to the proposal of the SoviefGovern
ment concerning the ultimate transfer to the Soviet Union of the city of Koenigs
berg and the area adjacent to it as described above, subject to exp,ert examination
of the actual frontier.
The President of the United States and the British Prime Minister have de
clared that they will support the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming
peace settlement.
'
WAR CRIMINALS
The three governments have taken note of the discussions which have been
proceeding in recent weeks in London between British, United States, Soviet
, and French representatives with a view to reaching agreement on the methods
�202
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of trial of those major war criminals whose crimes under the Moscow Declara··
..
tions of October 1943, have no particular geographical localization.
.The three Governments reaffirm their intention to bring those criminals to
swift and sure justice. They hope that the negotiations in London will result
in speedy agreement being reached for this purpose, and they regard it as a
matter of great importance that the trial of those major criminals should begin
at the earliest possible date. The first list of defendants will be published before
.
September 1 . '
AUSTRIA
The conference examined a proposal by the Soviet Government on the ex·
tensiQn of the authority of the Austrian Provisional Government to all of
Austria.
.
. ,
. The three Governments agreed that they were prepared to examine this .
q,:estion after the entry of the B~itish and Amer~can forces into the city of
Vienna..
.
POLAND
The conference considered questions relating to the Polish Provisional Gov
ernment and the western boundary of Poland.
On the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity they defined their
. .
attitude. in the following statement:
A. We have taken note w,ith pleasure of the agreement reached among
representative Poles frot:l;l Poland and abroad which has made :possible the
formation, in accordance with the decisions reached at the Crimea Conference,
of a Polish Provisional Gove(Ilment of National. Unity r~cognized by the three
Powers. The establishme[1t by the British and United States Governments of
diplomatic relations with the Polish PrQvisional Government has resulted in
the ,withdrawal of their r~ognition from' the former Polish Government in .
London, which no longer. exists. "
, .
The British and United States Governments have taken measures to protect_
the interest of the Polish Provisional Government, as the, recognized Govern·
of the Polish State, in the property belonging to the Polish State located
in their territories and under their control, whatever the; form of this property
may be. They have further taken measures to prevent alienation to third parties
of such property. All proper facilities will be givetl t9 the Polish PrOVisional"
.Government for the exercise. of the ordinary legal remedies for the recovery
of any property belonging to, the Polish State which may have been wrongfully
alienated.
.
.
.
The three Powers' are anxious to assist the Polish Provisional Government'
in facilitating the return to 'Poland as soon as practicable of all Poles abroad
who wish to go, including members of the Polish armed forces agd the
merchant marine. They expect that those Poles who return home shall be
accorded personal and property rights on the same basis as all Polish citizens.
The three Powers note that the Polish Provisional Government, in accordance
'with the decisions of the Crimea Conference, has agreed to the holding of free
and unfettered elections as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage
and secret ballot in which all democratic and anti·Nazi parties shall have the
right to take part and to put forward candidates, and that representatives of the
Allied press shall enjoy full freedom to report to the world upon developments
in Poland before and during the elections.
ment
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APPENDIX
..
203
B. The following agreement was reached on the western frontier of Poland:
, In conformity with the agreement on Poland reached at the Crimea Con
ference .the three heads of Government have .sought the opinion of the Polish
Provisional Government of National Unity in. regard to the accession of terri
.tory in the north and west which Poland should receive. The president of the
National Council of Poland and members of the Polish Provisional Govern
ment 6f National Unity have been received at the conference and have fully
presented ~eir views. The three heads of Government reafliim their opinion
that the final de-limitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the'
peace settlement. .
The .three heads of Government agree that, pending the final determination
of Poland's western frontier, the former German territories east of a line
running :from the Baltic Sea immediately west of Swinemiinde, and thence
along the Oder River to the confluence of the western Neisse ,River and along
the western Neisse. to the Czechoslovak, frontier, including that portion of East
Prussia not placed under the administration of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics in accordance with the understanding reached at this Conference and
including the area: 6f the former free city of Danzig, shall be under the .ad
minist.ration of the Polish State and for such purposes should not be considered
as part of the Soviet zone of occupation, in Germany.
CONUUSION OF PEACE TREATIES AND ADMISSION TO THE
UNITED NATIONS 'ORGANIZATION
.
.
.
. The Conference agreed upon the following statement of common policy for
establishing, as soon as possible, the conditions of lasting peace after victory
in Europe: "
_
The three Governments consider it desirable that the present anomal()us
position of Italy, Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary and Rumania should be termina~ed
by th~ conclusion of peace treaties. They trust that the other interesteci AlliedGovernments 'will share these views~
,
For th~ir part,the three Governments have included the preparation of a
peace treaty for Italy as the first among t.he immediate il:nportant tasks to be
undertaken by the. new Council of Foreign Ministers. Italy was the first of the
Axis powers to break with Germany, to whose defeat. she'has niadea material
contribution, and has now joined with the Allies in the struggle against Japan.
Italy has freed herself from the Fascist regime and- is making gOod progress
toward the re·establishm~nt of a democratic government and institutions. The
<;onclusion' of such a peace treaty with a recognized and democratic Italian Gov
ernment wilf make it possible for the three Governments to fulfill their desire
, to support an application from Italy for membership of the United Nations.
The three Governments have also charged.the Council of Foreign Ministers
with the task of preparing peace treaties' for Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary. and
Rumania.
The conclusion of peace treaties' with recognized democratic governments in
these states. will also enable the three Governments to support applications from
them for membership of the United Nations. The three Governments agree to
examine, each separately in the near future, in the light of the conditions then
prevailing, the est,ablishment of diplomatic relations with Finland, Rumania,
Bulgaria and Hungary to the extent possible prior to the conclusion of peace
t.reaties with those countries.
'
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
The three Governments have no doubt that in view of the changed conditions
resulting from the termination of the war in Europe, representatives of the
Allied press will enjoy full freedom to report to the world upon developments
,
in Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland.,
As regards the admission of other States into the United Nations organiza
tion, Article 4 of the Charter of tI-!e United Nations declared that:
"I. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace.loving
States who accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the
judgment of the organization, are able and willing to carry out ,these obligations;
"2; The a~mission of any such state to membersI-!ip in the United Nations
will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation
of the Security Council/'
The three Governments, so far as they are concerned, will, support applica
tions for membership from those States which have remained neutral during
. the war and which fulfill the qualifications set out above.
,
,
The three Governments feel bound however to make it, dear that they for
their part would not favor any application for membership lut forward by the
present Spanish Government, which, having been founae with the support
of the Axis Powers, does not, in view of its origins, its nature, its record and its
close association with the aggress~r States, possess the qualifications necessary to
justify such membership.
•
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.
ORDERLY TRANSFERS OF GERMAN POPULATIONS
The conf~rence reached the following agreement'on the removal of Germans
from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary.:
The three Governments having' considered the question in all its aspects,
recognize that the transfer to Germany of German .populations, or elements
thereof, remaining in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary will have to be
APPENDIX
205
undertaken.' They agree that any transfers that take place ,should be effected
in an orderly and humane manner. "
,
.
Since the influx of a'large number of Germans into Germany would increase
the burden already resting on the occupying authorities, they consider that the
Allied Control Council in Germany should in the first, instance examine. the
, problem with special regard to the question of the equitable distribution of these
Germans among the several ,zones 'of occupation. They are accordingly in
structing their respective,' representatives on the control council to ~eport to
their Governments as soon as possible the extent to' which such pe(sons have
already entered Germany, from. Poland, Czechoslovakia and. Hungary, and to
submit an estimate of the time and rate at which further transfers could be.
carried out, having regard to the present situation in Germany.
'
The Czechoslovak Government, the Polish Provisional Government and the
Control Council in Hungary are at the same time being informed of the above
and ~re, ~ing requested "meanwhile to suspend further expulsi~ns pen~ing the
exammatIon by the Governments concerned of the report from theIr repre·
sentatives on the control council. '
MILITARY' TALKS
During the conference there were meetings between the Chiefs of Staff of
of the three Governments on military matters of cOnlmon interest.
Approved:
', ,
.
J. V. Stalin,
Harry S. Truman,
C. R.Attlee.
TERRITORIAL TRUSTEESHIPS
. The conference examined i'-jroposal by, the Soviet Government concerning
trusteeship territories as define in the decision of the Crimea Conference and
in the Charter of the United Nations Organization.
After an exchange of views on this question it was decided that the dis
position of any former Italian territories was one to be decided in connection
with the preparation' of a peace treaty for Italy and that the question of Italian
, territory ,would be considered by the September council of Ministers' of Foreign
Affairs. '
,
REVISED ALLIED CONTROL'COMMISSION PROCEDURE
IN RUMANIA, BULGARIA, AND HUNGARY
The three Governments took note that the Soviet r~presentatives on the Allied
, Control Commissions in Rumania, Bulgaria and Hungary, have communicated ,
to their United Kingdom and United States colleagues proposals for improving
the work of. the control commission, now that hostilities in Europe have ceased.
The three Governments agreed that the revision 0'£ the procedures of the
Allied Control ,Commissions in these countries would now be undertaken,
, taking into. account the interests and responsibilities of the three Governments'
which together presented the terms of armistice to the respective countries, and
accepting as a basis the agreed proposals.
-.--""""
'1
XIII
DECLARATION DEFINING TERMS FOR JAPANESE SURRENDER
, July 26, 1945 1
(1) We-the President of the United States, t~e President or" the National
Government of the RepubliC of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Brit·
ain'-:"representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred
and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.
(2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British
Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from
the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan., This military power
. is sustained. and inspired by the determination of 'all t~e ~l1ied Nations to
'prosecute the war against Japa'n until she ceases to resist.
. ,
. (3) The result of the. futile and senseless German resistance to the might '
of the arou~ed free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an
example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is
immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis,
necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the
whole German 'reople. The full application of our military power, backed. by .
our resolve, wit mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese
homeland.
" .
i
'I
, 'This Potsdam Declaration. was issued by the heads of governments of the - United
States, Great Britain, and China, the President of the National Government of China
communicating with President Truman by dispatch. Department of State, B.ulletin, Vol.
XIII (1945) pp. 137-138.
.
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De1Jf or, v~.h · ~1.:..:- t ~
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.
Tripartite Conference at Berlin
caeleased to the press by the White House August 2]
'1
REPORT ON THE TRIPARTITE. CONFERENCE OF,.
BERLIN , ,
Loftus.
ments and extended the scope of their collaboration
and understanding, with renewed confidence that
their governments and peoples, together with the'
other United Nations, will ensure the creation of a
just and enduring peace.
, On July 17,1945, the' President of the United
II
States of America, Harry S. Truman, the Chair
man of the Council of People's Commissars of the
ESTABLISIIMENT OF A. COUNCIL OF FOREIGN
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalis
MINISTERS
simo J. V. Stalin,and the J.>rime Minister of Great
The conference reached an agreement for the
Britain, Winston S. Churchill, together with Mr.
.establishment of a Council of Foreign Ministers·
Clement R. Attlee, met in the Tripartite qonfer
representing the five principal powers to continue
ence of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
th~ nec~ssary preparatory work for the peace set
foreign secretaries of the three gov~rnments, Mr•. tlements and to take up other matters which from
James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M. Molotov, and Mr.
time to tiine may be referred to the Council by
, Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, ~nd other ad-·
agreement of the goverrim~nts participating in the
visers.
Council.
.
There were nine meetings between July seven
The text ot the agreement for the establishment
of the Council of Foreign Ministers is as follows:
teenth and July twenty-fifth. 'The conf,ez:ence was
then interrupted for two days while the results of
1. There shall be established a Council composed
the British general election were being declared. ' . of the foreign ministers of the United Kingdom,
On July twenty-eighth Mr. AttIee. returned to
the 'Union 'of Soviet Socialist Republics, China,
the conference as Prime Minister,accompanied.by
France and the United Sta,tes.
the new. Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
2.(i) The Council shall normally meet in Lon
.ur. Ernest Bevin. Four days qf further discus
don, which shall be the permanent seat of the joint
sion then took place. Duting the course of the
secretariat which the Council will form. Each of
conference there were regular meetings of, the
the foreign ministers will be accompanied by
heads of the th;ree governments accompanied by
high-ranking deputy, duly authorized to carryon
the foreign secretaries, and also .of t4e foreign sec
the work of the Council in. the absence of his for:
retaries alone. Committees appointed by the for" . eign minister, and by Ii small staff of technical ad
eign secretaries for preliminary consideration of
visers;,
questions before the conference also met daily..
. (ii) The first meeting of the Council shall be
The meetings of the conference were held at the
held in London :p.ot later than September 1, 1945.
Cecilienhof near Potsdam. The conference ended
Meetings may be' held, by common agreement in
on August 2, 1945..
other capitals as may be agreed from time to time..
Important decisions and agreements were
3. (i) As its immediate important task, the Coun
reached. Views were exchanged 'on a number of
cil shall be authorized to draw uP,. with a view to
.other questions and consideration of these matters
their submission to the United Nations, treaties
. ill be continued by the council of foreign min
w
of peace with 'Italy, Rwnania, Bulgaria, Hungary
isters establisheg. QY the conference.
"
,: aI)d Finland, and to propose settlements of terri
torial questions outstanding on the termination of
President Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and
the war in Europe. . The Council shall be lltilized
Prime Minister AttIee leave this conference, whicQ.
for the preparation of a peace settlement for Ger
~as strengthened the ties between the three govern
a
iti
King-
Relat. Iraq•.
~nse
.
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�154 '
many. to be accepted by the government of Ger
many when a government adequate for the purpose
is established .. '
'
.
(ii) For the discharge of each of these tasks the
Council will be corriposed of the members repre- .
senting those states which were signatory to the
terms of surrender imposed upon the enemy state
concerned.. For the purpose of the peace settle
ment for Italy,France sh.all be regarded as a sig
natory to the terms of surrender for Italy~' Other
members will be invited to participate when mat
ters directly concerning them are under discussion.
(iii) Other matters may from time to time be
referred to the Council by agreement between the
member governments'.
.
4. (i) Whenever the Council is considering a .
questiOIi of, direct interest to a state not repre
'sented thereon,' such state should be invited to
send representatives to participate in the discus
sion and study of that question.
(Ii) The Council may adapt its procedure to
the particular problem under co~sideration. In
some cases it may hold its own preliminary dis- .
. cussions prior' to the participation of other inter
ested ·states. In other cases, the Council may con
voke a formal conference of the state chiefly inter
ested in: seeking a solution of the particular prob.
lem. .
,
.DEPARTMENT. OF STATE BULLETt~
and Austl'ia would in future fall within the Com.
petence of the Allied Control' Council at Berlin
and the Allied Commission at Vienna. Accord.
ingly, it:was agreed to recommend that th~
European Advisory Commission be dissolved.
III
GERMANY
The Allied Armies are in occupation of the Whole
of Germany and the German people have begun tv
J;
atone for the terrible crimes committed ,under th~
e,
.leadership of those, whom in the hour of their
tI
success, they openly approved'and blindly obeyed,
01
Agreement has been reached at this' conference
'«
on the political and economic principles of a co·
It
ordinated Allied policy toward defeated Germam
It
during the period of Allied cOl).tro1.
.
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The purpose of this agreelnent is tg carry oui
01
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the Crimell Declaration on Germw. German
militarism and Nazism will be extirpated and the
. Allies will take in agreement together, now and in
the future, the other measures necessary to assure
that Germany never again will threaten her neigh,
bors or the peace of the world .
, It is not the intention of the Allies to destroy or
ensl3.ve the German people. It is the intention of
the Allies that the German people be given the
opportunity to prepare for the eventual reCOil'
struction of their life on a demoq:atic and peaceful
11'1
basis.' If, their own efforts are steadily directed to
<it;
this end, it will be possible for them in due course
to take thelr- place among the free and peaceful .... Ie
::"~:
peoples.of the world.
.
.. /~~
The textof the agreement is as follows:
I~ accordance with the decision of the conference
the three governments have each addressed an
identical invitation to the governments of China
and France'to adopt this text andto join in estab
lishing the Council. .
,The establishment of the Council, of Foreign
The P~Iiticaland. Economic Principles to GO\'ern,
Ministers for the specific purposes named in the
the Treatme'nt of Germany in the Initial Control
text will be without prejudice to the agreement of
Period.'
.the Crimea Conff;irence that there should be peri
A. Political Principles.
odic consultation among the foreign secretaries of
the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist
1. In. accordance with the agreement on con
RepublICS and the United KIngdom.
.
trol machinery. in Germany, supreme authority
The conference also considered the position ot in Germany is exercised on instructions from their
the European Advisory Commission in the light of
respective governments, by the 'Commanders- in
the agreement tQ establish the Council of Foreign
Chief of the armed forces of the United States· of
Ministers. It was noted with satisfaction that the
America, the United Kingdom, the Union of SoCommission had ably' discharged its prin'cipal .' viet Socialist Republics, and the French Republic.
tasks by the recommendations that .it had fur-. each in his own- zone of occupation,and also
nished for the terms of Germany's unconditional
jointly, in matters affecting Germany as a whq]e!
surrender; for the zones of occupation in Germany
in their capacity as members of the Control COUD
cil.
' .
and Au;:;tria, and for the inter-Allied control ma
chinery in those countries. It was felt that
2. So far as is practicable, there shall be uni
further work of adetaiied character for the coordi
. formity of treatment: of the German population
nation of allied policy for the' control of Germany
throughout Germany.
"di!'
-L
,1ft
:'''NE'
~,~i,\'
~ :""~~:~~"
,
�, ~lL'GUST S, 1945
155
3. The purposes of the occupation of Germany
b\' which the Control Council shall be guided are:
. (i) The complete disarmament and de~ilitari
zution of Germany and the elimination or con~rol
of all German industry that could be used for mili
tury production. ,To these ends:
,(11) 'All German land, naval and air forces, the
",S.. S.A., S.D., and Gestapo, with all their organi
, . ;ati~ns, staffs and institutions, including the'Gen
rral Staff, the Officers' Corps, Reserve Corps,mili
tary schools, 'war veterans' organizations and all
ot her military and quasi-military org-ani,zations,
torrether with all clubs and associations which
'"
~(,lTe to keep alive the military tr:adition in Ger
many, shall be ,completely and fin~lly abolished in
stich manner as permanently to prevent the revival
or reorganization of German militarism, and
'
~nzism.
:vs:
_any other persons dangerous to the occupation or
, its objectives shall be arrested and interned .
6~'All members of the Nazi party who have been,
more -than nominal participants in its activ:ties
and another persons hostile to allied purposes
shall be removed from public and semi-public of
fice, and from positions
responsibility in im
portant private undertakings. Such persons-shall
be replaced by persons who, by their political and
moral qu~lities, are creemed' capable of assisting
in developing genuine democratic institutions in
Germany. _ "
7. German education shall be so controlled as
completely to' eliminate Nazi and militarist doc
trines and to make possible the successful develop
ment of democratic ideas.
,8. The judicial system ~ill be reorganized in
accor~ance with the principles of democracy, of
justice under-Iaw, and of equal rights for all citi
_zens without distinction of race, nationality or
relig~~
,
9. The administration of afl'airs in Germany
should be directed towards the decentralization
of the political structure and the development of
local responsibility. eTo this end:
'of
(b) All arms, ammunition and implements of
wtlr and all specialized facilities for their produc
tion shall be held at the disposal of the Allies or
destroyed. The maintenance and production of
llllllircraft and all arms, ammunition and imple
lIIents of war shall be prevented:
(ii) To convince the German p~ople tp.at -they'
(i) Local self-government shall' be restored
have suffered a total military defeat and that they
canriot escape responsibility for what they have , throughout Germany on democratic principles and'
in particular through electiv~ councils as rapidly
Ill'ought upon themselves, since their own ruthleSs
warfare and the fanatical Nazi resistance have de- , as is consistent with military security and the pur
poses of, m~litary occupation;
,~tt'Oyed Ge;rman economy and made. chaos and suf
(ii) All democratic political parties with rights
fering inevitable.
,
of assembly and of 'public discussion shall be al
(iii) To destroy the National Socialist Party
lowed and encouraged throughout Germany;'
and its affiliated and supervised organizations; to
(iii) Representative and elective principles
dissolve all Nazi institutions, to ensure that they'
sliall be introduced into region~l, provincial and
nrc not revived in any form, and to prevent all
state (land) administration as rapidly as may
Xazi and militarist activity or propaganda.
be justified by the successfuf application of these
(iv) To prepare for the eventual reconstruc
principles in local self-government;
,t ion of German political life on a democratic basis
(iv) For the time 'being no central German gov
nlH1 for eventual peaceful cooperation in interna
ernment shall be established. Notwithstanding
tionallife llY GerPlany.
this, however, certain ess~ntial central German
4. 'All Nazi laws which provided the basis 'of the
administrative departments, headed by state sec
Hitler regime or established discrimination on,
retaries, shall be established, particularly in the
/!I'ounds of race, creed, or political opinion shall
fields of finance, transport, communications, foro'
be abolished. N.o' such ,discriminations, whether
eign trade and industry. Such departments will
legal, administrati ve or otherwise, shall be
act under the direction of the Control Council.
tolerated.
.
"
5. War criminals a~d those who -have partici- '
10. Subject to the necessity -for maintaining
military security, freedom of speech, press and
~nted in planning or carrying out Nazi enterprises
religion shall .be permitted, and religious insti
Involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes
, shall be arrested and br(>ught to judgment, Nazi
tutions shall be respected. Subject likewise to the
maintenance ofmilitary security, the form~tiQD
le~ders, influential Nazi supporters and high of
fiCials of Nazi organizations and ins~itutions and, of free trade \miQ~ shall be permitted,
�156
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
the occupying forces a~d displaced persons in'
B. Economic Principles..
man~ ~nd essential to maintain.in Germany
1i. In order to -eliminate Germany's war po-'
tential, the production of arms, ammunition and , age livmg standards not exceedmg the
the standards of living of European
implements of waras well as. all types of aircraft
(European countries means all European
and· sea-going Ships' shall-be prohibited' and pre~
excluding the United Kingdom and the,UniOll
vented. . Production of metals, chemicals, ma
Soviet Socialist Republics:). .
chinery and other items that are directly neces
(c) To ensure in the manner determined by
sary to a war economy shall be rigidly controlled
Control Council the equitable distribution-of
and restricted to' Germany's approved post-war
sential commodities between the several zontf_I""...
peacetime needs'to meet the oojectives stated iIi
as to produce a balanced economy throughout
paragraph 15. Productive capacity npt needed for
many and reduce the' need for imports.
permitted production shall be removed in accord
(d) To control German industry and all_".__-:,
anCe with the reparations plan recommended by ,
nomic and financial international LranS~lCLIIOns.I_"
the Allied Comm'ission 'on reparations and ap
cludingexports and imports,' with the aim
prov~d by'the governments concerned or if not re
· venting Germany from developing a wa.r potedl·.'....,.
mo~ed shall be destroyed.
and' of achieving the other ~bjectives named lltl\'i_.:~\-:_,..
12. At the earliest practicable date; the Ger
(e) To control all German public or
man economy shall be decentralized for the, pur
scientifiG bodies, research and experimental
pose of eliminating the present excessive concen
tutions, laboratories, et cetera, connected with'
tration of economic power as exemplified in par
'
ticular by cartels, ,syndicates, trusts and other. nomic activities.
·16. In the imposition and maintenance of
monopolistic arrangements:
nomic controls establish~ by the Control
, 13. ,In organizing the German economy,
Germanadministrative machinery shall be
mary emphasis, shall be given to· the development
and the German authorities shall be require
of agriculture and peaceful domestic industries.
fullest extent practicable to proclaim and ....,..__ ""
14. During the period of occupation Germany
administration of such controls. Thus it ~nll!l_,c
. Shall be treated as a single economic unit. Tothis
be brQught home, to the German people that
, end common policies shall be established in re
· responsibility for the administration of such
gard to:
.
(a) Mining and industrial' production ~nd :allo~ · troIs and .any breakdown in these controls will
with themselves. Any German controls
cations;
.
.
may run CQunter to the objectives of n(':('lln8tqj[:>'Cj~
(b) 'Agriculture, forestry and fi~hing;
will be prohibited.
.
(c) Wages, prices and rationing;
17. Measures shall be promptly taken:
(d) Import and, export programs for Germany
(a) To effect essential repair of transport;
as a whole;
."
,
(b) To enlarge coal production;
(e) , Curren~y and banking; central taxation and
(c) To maximize agricultural output; and .
customs;
(d) To eff~ct emergency repair Qf housing
_(f) Reparation and removal of industrial war
potential;
.
. , essential utilities.
18. Appropriate steps shall be taken by"the 0
(g) 'Transportation and co~munications.
trol Council to' exercise control and the pOlfe!
In .. applying these policies account shall be
disposition over German~Qwned external asSets
taken, where appropriate, of varying local con
already under the control of United Nations
ditions.·
.
.
','
have taken part in the war against Germany.
, 15. Allied controls shall be imposed' upon the
19. Payment of :reparations should leave
German economy but only to.the extent ne~essaJ;'Y: .
resources to enable the German people to sU
(a) To, carry out programs of industrial dis-·' without external assistance., In working out
armament and demilitarization, of reparations,
economic balance of Germany the necessary
and of approved exports and imports.
.
must be provided to pay fQr: imports approv~
(b) To assure the production and' maintenance
the, Control Council in GermaJ)Y. The T\rl~:U
of:goods and services required to meet the needs of
e~ports from current production and stocks
pri
�.
,
157
.4VGUST 5. 1945
be determined within six months from now at the
latest.
6. Removals of industrial capital equipment
shall beg~n as soon as possible and shall be com
pleted within two years from the determination'
specified in paragraph 5. The delivery of prod
ucts covered by 4(A) above shall begin as soon
IV
as possible and shall be made by theU.S.S.R. in
REPARATIONS FROM GERMANY
agreed installments within five years of the date
In accordance with the' Crimea decision tl}at
hereof. The determination of the amount and
Germany be compelled to comnensate to the great
character of the industrial capital equipment u'n
l'st possible extent for the loss and suffering that
necessary for: the German peace economy and
,she. has caused to the United Nations and for, therefore available for reparations shall be made
"hich the German people canriot escape respon
by the control council under policies fixed by the
sibility, the following agreement on reparations
Allied Commission on Reparations, with the par
, was reached:
'
ticipationof France, subject to the final approval
of the zone commander in the zone from which
1. Reparation claims of the U.S.S.R. shall be
the equipment is to be removed. ,
lIlet by removals from the zone of Ge!i'many occu
7. Prior to the fixing of the total amount of
pied by the U.S.S.R.. and from appropriate Ger
equipment subject to removal,advance deliveries
mnn external assets.
'
shall be made in .respect of such equipment as
2. The U.S.S.R. undertakes to settle the repara
tion claims of Poland from its own share of' . will be determined to be eligible for delivery in
accordance with the procedure set forth in' the
reparations.
. -last sentence ofparagraph 6.
3. The reparation claims of the United States,
8. The Soviet Government renounces aUclaims
the United Kingdom and other .countries entitled,
in respect of reparations to shares of German en
to reparations shall be met from the western zones
terprises which are located in the western zones
and from appropriate German external assets.
of occupation in Germany as well as to German
4. In addition to the reparations to be taken by
foreign assets in all countries except those speci
the U.S.S.R. from its own zone of occupation, the
fied in p'aragraph 9 below.
U.S.S.H., shall receive additionally from the west
9. The Governments of the United Kingdom
~rn zones: '
and the United States of America renounce their
(A) 15 per cent of such usaNe and complete in
claims i~ respect of reparations to shares of Ger
dustrial capital equipment, in the first place from
man enterprises which are located in the eastern
the me~allurgical, chemical and machine manufac
zone of occupation in Germ~ny, as well
to Ger
ttlring industries,' as is unnecessary for the Ger
.man foreign assets in Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary,
'mlln peace economy and should be removed.from
Rumania and Eastern Austria.
Iho western zones of Germany, in exchange for
10. The Soviet Government makes no claims to .
n,n ·equivalent value of food, coal, potash, zinc,
gold captured by the, Allied troops in Germany.
tImber, clay products, petroleum' products, and
stich other commodities as may be agreed upon. '
V
(B) lO per cent of such industrial capital equip
DISPOSAL OF tHE GERMAN NAVY AND MERCHANT
ment as is unnecessary for the German peace econ
MARINE
omy and should be removed from the" western
, The· conference agreed in principle upon ar
zones, to be transferred to the Soviet Government
rangements for the use and disposal of the sur
, on reparations account without payment or ex
rendered German fleet and merchant ships. It
change of any kind ill return.
,.'
' .'
was decided that the three governments would
Removals of equipment as provided in (A) and
appoint experts to work out together detailed plans
(Il) above shall be made simultaneously.
'
to give effect to the agreed principles. A further
. joint statement will be published simultaneously
th 5. The amount of equipment to be remov~ from
e western zones on account of reparations must , by the three ~overnments in due course..
be available in the first place for payment for such'
imports. ' ,. ,
",
,
,
The above clause will not apply to theequipment
sndproducts referred to in paragraphs 4,(A) and
,
-l(B) of the Repnrations Agreement.
,.
3.
;port;
as
�158
VI,
CITY ,OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ~IACENT
AREA
, The conference ~amined a proposal by the So- ,
, viet Government that' pending the final determi
nation of territoria~questionsat the peace settle
mentthe section of the western frontier of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which is ad
jacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point
on the eastern shore of the Bay of Danzig to ,the
east, north of Bralinsberg-Goldap, to the meeting
point of the frontiers of Lithuania, the Polish Re-"
public and East PrUssia,
'
The conference has agreed ill principle to the
proposal of the, Soviet Government concerning
the ultimllte transfer to the Soviet Union of the
'City of KoenigSberg and the area, adjacent to it
as described above subject to expert eXamination
of the actual frontier.
The President ,o~ the United States and the
'British Prime Minister have declar~d that they
will support the proposal of the conferenCe at the
"forthcoming peace settlement.
prepared to examine this question after the'
of the British and American' forces iIlto thev"Il1-''':'~'~
of Vienna.
'
IX
POLAND
The confe~nce conside~edquestions u:ailwTla ....:
the Polish Provisional. Government ap,d the "-':"'''''',:':
. ern boundary of Poland.
'
On the Polish Provisional Government of
tional Unity theydefinedtheir attitude in ~he
lowing sta~ment :
,
"
A-We have taken note with pleasure of
,agreement reached among representative
from Poland and abroad which has made
the formation, in accordance with the aec:JS)<tl.
reached at the Crimea Conference, of
Provisional Government of National
ognized by the three powers. The t::"'~"'I,UJ"!llnta.
.by the British and United States Governments
diplomatic relations with the Polish
,~;" T
,Gove'rnment has resulted in the withdrawnl
. pen.
their recognition 'from the former Polish GOT ,~,
ernment in London, which no longer exists.
Wor
vn
The British and United States'
Ii,
WAR ,CRIMINALS '
have taken, measures to protect the interest of
' 'lAd
The three governments have taken note of the ,Polish Provisional Government as the rf\co~mI7li. fior
government of the Polish State in the
"DOt
discussions which have been proceeding in recent
weeks. in London between British, United States,
beloriging to the Polish State located in their terri 'of f
Soviet and French representatives with a view to
tories and under their control, whatever the
' C!M"
reaching agreement' on the methods ,of trial of
,of this property may be. They have further
IftcJ
'those major war criminals whose crimes under the ' measures to prevent alienation to third parties ' Dar
, Moscow Declaration of October 1943, have no par
suchpJ,'operty..AlI proper facilities will be
Pol
to the Polish Provisional Government for the
.
ticular geographicalloealization. The three gov
cise of the ordinary legal remedies for the
' uo,
ernments reaffirm. their intention to bring ,those
"criminals, to swift and, sure justice. They hope
of any property belongfng to the Polish
that the negotiations in London 'Will' result in' "which may have been wrongfully 'alienated.
speedy agreement being reached for this purpose, '
The three powers are anxious to assist the
Provisional Government in facilitating the
'and they regard it as a matter of great import~nce
that the trial of those major criminals should be
to Poland assoon as practicable of all Poles
gin at the earliest possible date. ' The first list of
who wish to go, including members of the Pol14.:;~~.""
'11 b
1
armed forces 'and the Merchant 'Marine.
d f .d
epub ished before· September' , 'expect that those Poles who return home shall
fi;s:n ants WI
accorded personal and property rights on the
,VIII
basis as all Polish citizens.
'
AUSTRIA
, The three po~ers note that the Polish ,
visiomil Government in accordance with the ,~""::'f:!>"'"
The~onference examined ~ proposal by the So
cisions of the Crimea Conference has agreed to -'. ,..-
viet Government ,on the extension of the authority
holding of free 8.l1d unfetteJ,"ed elections as
of the,Austrian Provisional Government to all of
as possible on the basis of universal suffrage
, Austria.
"
~ret "baUQt W whi<ih l\lld,emocrat~c apd
rile three S'overnments' a~eed that they weN
�159
4['GVsT 5. 1945
'. 'i ' nrties shall hav~ the right to take part ,and
~I1Z forward candidates, and that represent&
l~fes f the Allied press shall 'enjoy full freedom to
pu
u
°t to the world upon developments in Poland
I'\'por
•
,
{ore and durmg theeI ' .
ectIOns.
,'
b<'13-The following agreement was reached on
the western frontier of Poland: ,"
For th~ir'part the three governments have in
cluded the pr~paratlon of a peace treaty for Italy
as the first among the immediate important tasks
to be undertaken by the new Council of Foreign
Ministers. Italy was the first of 'the Axis powers
to break with Germany, to whose defeat she has
made a material contribution, and has now joined
with the Allies in the struggle against Japan.
, I conformity with the agreement on Poland
Italy has freed herself from the Fascist regime
III d at the Crimea Conference the three heads
I'\'IlC le •
..
f h
and is making good progress towards the reestab~
0
f go,'erument have sought the OpInIOn 1 U t't e
lishment of a democratic government and fustitu
o
",
N'
Polish p['ovisional G~:ernment~f a~IOna nI y
tions.' The conclusion of such a peace treaty with
, o"ud to the acceSSlOn of territory m the north
a recognized and democratic Italian government
III reI:>'
.
"'est which Poland should receIve. The
will make it possible for the three governments to
SillI \,
..
•
I d d
P ident of the N atlOnal CouncIl of Po an an·
fulfill their desire to support an application from
1II:~bersof the Polish Provisio~al Government Italy for membership of the United Nations.
f ~ational Unity have been receIved at the con
The three governments have also charged, the
~l'r~nce and have fully presented their v~ews.,. ~he Council of Foreign Ministers with the task of pre
three heads of government reaffirm theIr opmI;»n
paring peace treaties for Bulgaria, Finland, Hun
t1mt the final delimitation of the western frontIer
gary and Rumania. The conclusion of peace
of Poland should await the peace settlement.
treaties with recognized democratic governments
The three heads of government agree that,
in these states will also enable the three govern
Iwnding the final' determination of Pol~nd~s west
~ents to support applications from them for mem
j'rn fro9tier, the, former GerIn:an ter~ltOrle~ east
bership of the United Nations. The three gov
, ora line running from the Baltic Seaunmedlately ,
ernmentS agree to examine each separately in the
west of Swinemunde, and thence ~long the Oder' near ,future, in the light of the conditions then.,
River to the confluence of the western Neisse River
prevailing, the "establishmen:t of diplomatic re-'"
11m! along the :vesternNeisse to the Czechoslovak
lations with Finland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and
frontier 'includinO' that portion of East Prussia
, ' e
.
Hungary to the extent possible prior to the con
not placed under the administration of the Un~on
clusion of peace treaties with those countries. .
of Soviet Socialist ,Republics in accordance WIth
The, three governments have no 'doubt that in
I he understanding reached at this cOl'~ference' and
" view of the changed conditions, resulting from the'
including the area of the former free City of
termination of the war in Europe, representatives
Danzig, shall be under the administration of the
of the Allied press will enjoy full freedom to report
Polish State and for such purposes should not be
to the world upon developments in Rumania, Bul
considered as part of the Soviet zone, of occupa
garia, Hungary and Finland.
tion in Germany.
As regards the admiSsion of <;lther states into
the United Natiomr Organization, Article 4 of the·
x
Charter of the U nited Nations declares that:
CONCLUSION OF PEACE TREATIES AND ADMIS
"1. Membership in the United Nations is open to
SION TO THE UNITED NATIONS .ORGANIZATION.
,..
.
'all other peace-loving states who accept the obli- '
rhe conference agreed upon th,e following state
gations contained in the present Charter and, in
ment of c,ommon policy for establishing, as soon
the judgment of the Organization, are able and
as possible, the conditions ,of lasting peace after
willing to carry outthese obligations;
,
,
,ietory in Europe:
"2. The admission of any such state to member
The three governments consid~rit desirable that
ship i~' the United Nations will be effected by a
the present anomalous position of Italy, Bulgaria,
decision of the General Assembly uPQnthe recom
mendation of the Security Council." ,
Finland,Hungary and Rumania should be termi
nated by the conclusion of peace treaties. They
The'three governments,so far as they are con
trust that the other interested Allied governments
, cerned, willsupport applications for m~mbership
""ill share these views.
.from those states which have remained neutral dur
r
/
�160
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
,
I.
'
.
'1
'
The three gove~en~ having c~nsidered
.i,ng the war and lvhich:fulfili the quaimeations set.
out above... ' '
.'
.
question in all its aspects, recognize that the
fer to Germany of .German populations, or
, . The three'governments feel bound however to
ments thereof, remaining in Poland; Czechosk
.make it clear that they for their pari would not
vakia and Hungary, will have to be undertakl't
favor any application 'for membership put for
ward by the present Spanish,Gov.eriunent, which, ' They agree that any transfers that take
should be effected in an orderly and humane mat
. having been founded with the support of the Axis
powers, d9f!s not, in view of its origins, its nature, ' ner.
Since the influx of a large number of
its record and its close association with the agg~~ .
sor states, possess the qualifications necessary to ' into Germany would increase the burden alread,
resting on the occupying authorities, they
.
justify such membership"
that the Allied Control Council in.Germany
XI
in the' first instance examine the problem wit!
special regard to. the question of the equitabledi.
TEIlRI'fORIAL TRUSTEESHIPS'
tribution of these Germans. among, the sevm,
The conference examined a proposal by the
zones of occupation. They are accordingly it
Soviet Government concerning trusteeship terri
structing their respective represeptatives on
tories as defined in the decision of the Crimea Con
Control Council to report to their governments
ference and in the Charter of the United Nations
soon as possible the' extent to which such
.Organization.
have already entered Germany from
After an exchange,6f views on
question it
Czechoslovakia and Hungary; and to submit
was 'decided that the disposition of any former
estimate of the time and rate' at which furtll!
Italian territories was one to be decided in con
transfers could" be carried out, having regard
Ilection with th~ preparation of a peace treaty for
the'present situation in Germany..
Italy and that the question of Italian territory
The Czechoslovak Government, the Polish
would be considered by the September Council of
visional Governmeht and the ControlCouneil
Ministers of Foreign Affairs.
Hungary are at the same ,time being informed
. !
, the above, imd are being requested meanwhile
III
XII
suspend further expulsions pending the examinl
'.-c.EVISED ALUED CONTROL COMMISSION PRO.
(
tion by the goverilments concerned of the
CEDURE IN RUMANIA, BULGARIA, AND HUN.
from their repre&entatives on. the Control "u....~_ (
GARY
,
Ad>
The three governments toOk note that the Soviet
XIV
J
representatives on the Allied Control Commissions
CIa
MILITARY TALKS,
in Rumania, Bulgaria and Hungary, have com
I
municated to their United Kingdom and United .
During the conference there were meetings I:t
States colleagues proposals for improving the work
tween the Chiefs of Staff of the three ~~••·nvnmell'
of the Control Commission, now that hostilities in
oil military matte~ of coronion interest.
.. . ,
'
Europe have ceased.
Approved:
. The three governments agreed that the revision
J. V. STALm
of the procedures of the Allied Control Comn:iis
llAimy S. ThUMA.\'
sion~ in these countries. would now be undertaken,
C; R. ATl'J:,.E.E.
taking into account the interests and responsibil
itieS of the three governments which together pre
'USTOF DELEGATIONS
sented the terms of armistice 'to the respective
FOR THE UNITED STATES
countries, and accepting as a basis the agreed
Tbe PresIdent, HAlmy S. TBuMAl'll
proposals.
.
this
.'"
XIII
ORDERLY 'TRANSFERS OF GERMAN POPULATIONS
,The conference reached the following agreement
on the removal of Gen::qansfrom Poland, Czecho
,slovakia and Hungary: .
The Secretary of State, JAMES F. BYRNES
Fleet A.dmlral WII.I.IAK D.' LEAHY, .U.S.N., Oblef of
to the PresIdent
.
E. DAV1&l, SpecIal Ambassador"
EDWIN PAULII:Y,' Special Ambassador
Ambassador ROBJI:aT D. MUlIPRY, Pol1tIcal A.d~Iser to
ComniaDder~1n70bIef, United States Zone 1nQerDlAo1
JOSEPH
�,;;'
,i61
.,("Gt'ST 5, 1945,
IIABBIMAN, Ambassador to the U.S.S.B.
,
I of the Army, GEORGE C. MAKss:AIL, Cblef of Stair,
tit-Dl'r:l,
"
, fulled States Army
,
'
Admiral ERNEST 1. lONG; U.S.N., Cblef of Naval
f1;ratI OIlS and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet,
,"
• eral of the Army, H. H. ABNOLD, U.S. Army Alr Forces
::eral BREHON S. SOMERVELL, Com~andlng GeneraL,
Army Sel"Vlce Forces
'
,
rice Admiral EMORY S. LAND, War Shipping Admlnlstra·
lor
' ,
, . , '
"'!LLL\)! L. CLAnoN. Assistant Secretary of State,
)11:8 C. DUNN, Assistant 'Secretary of State
~;~ COBEN, Special ASSistant to the Secretary of State
U. fRf.&)!AN MATTHEWS, Director of European Mairs, Dep:lrtment of State "
"
.,
.
('IL\IILES E.BoBLEN, Assistant' to the Secretary, (together,
. with politicaL, milItary find technIcal advIsers).
'
•
,,'
n:IlELL
" . .!
,
.'
fOR THE UNITED KINGDOkf
The Prime Minister, Mr. WINSTON S. CHUBOHILL, M. P.;
Mr. C. R. A'l'TLEE, M. P.
'
TIll' Secretary of State for Foreign A.1falrs,
Mr. ANTHONY EDEN, M.P.
Mr. ERNEST BEVIN, M. P.
Lord LEATHERS, Minister of War Transport
~Ir AI,EXANDEB CADOGAN, Pilrmanent Under Secretary of
Stnte tor Foreign MaIrs
Sir AIICBlBALD Cr.AII.x KERB, H.M. Ambassador at Moscow
!lir WALTER MONCKTON, Head of the United. KIngdom
D"I!'gution to Moscow Reparations CommIssion
!llr WIf..LIAK STRANG, Polltlcal AdvIser to the Commander
IIl·ehlet, BrItish Zone 1n Germany
Nlr EDWARD BRIDGES, Secretary of .the Cabinet
.'1"111 lInrshal SirALANBROOK.E, ChIef of the Imperial
Il"nern I StatI'
Ynrshal of, the Royal Air Force, SIr'C.1URL'I!!S' PORTAL,
Chief of the Alr Stair'
'
Admlrnlof the Fleet, SIr ANDBJ!:W' CtnmmGHAld, FIrst Sea
Lord'
Geoernl Sir HASTINGS ISMAY, Cblet of Stair to the Min·
Ister of Defence
Field Marshal Sir B.&:BoLD Ar..lI:x.umEB, Supreme Allied
•. Commander, Mediterranean Theatre
Ji'leid Marshal SIr HENBY MAITLAND WILSON, H.ead of, the
Britlsh .Toint Stair MIssion at Washington
and other advisers.
, FOR THE SQJI'.lET UNION
The ChaIrman of the, Councll of People's Commissars,
'
, .T.V. ST..u.Il'f
People's Commissar for Foreign Mairs, V. M. MOLOTOV
Fleet AdInlriil N. G. KUZNJ!.T80v, People's CommIssar, the'
Naval Fleet of the U.S.SA
A.. L AN'I'ONOv, Chief of Stair of the Red Army
"
A.. YA VYsmSltI, Deputy People's CommIssar for ForeIgn
AJrairs
.
'So I. 'KAVTARADZE,. Assistant People's CommisSar for For
eign Afralrs
'. .'
.
"
M. MAISK.Y,. ASSistant People's' CommIssar for ForeIgn
A1ra1rs
Admiral S. G. 'KUcREaOV, Chief' of Stair of the Naval
Fleet
,
' . "
..'
F. T. GUBEV, Ambassador of the .~v1et' Union in Great
Britain '
A.. A.. GnOMYK.O, Ambassador of the Soviet Union in ,the
United States of America
.,.
K.. V. NoVIK.OV, Member of the Collegium of the Commls-, '
sarlat for Foreign AffaIrs, Director of the Second
. European Division
,
S. K. T!JABAPK.IN, Member of the Collegium of the Com·
, missarlat 10r Foreign .Malrs, Director of theUnlted
States D I v i s i o n '
.
S. P. KozYRJIlV, Director of the FIrst European Division
of the Commissariat for ForeIgn Affairs
A.. A. LAVlIISHomcv, Director of the,Dlvlslon of Balkan
. Countries. CommIssariat for Foreign MaIrs
A. A.. SOBOIEV, Chief of the Political Section of the Soviet
Mllltary AdminIstratIon In Germany
,
L Z. SABUBOV, Assistant to the ChIef of the Soviet Mill
~ry Admlnlstration In Germany
,A. A.. GoLtlNSK.Y, Eipert consultant of the Commlssllriat
for ForeIgn AJ'ralrs
,and also polItical, m~l1tary, and technical ~slstants. ,
r.
�93
r
•
,
A Year of Potsdam
.
A year ago Germany surrendered. At Potsdam the Big Three decreed that never
again would Germany menace the peace of the world.
"
Now Germany has been disarmed. Her army, the famous Wehrmacht, ,has been
smashed into bits. Her air force--Goering's pride--has been destroyed. Her navy
has been broken up. Germany is also being disarmed industrially~High explosive
plants have'been blown up_ I. G. Farben, the world's biggest cartel, has been
seized; its top management has been Jailed; 80me'of its many plants have been
destroyed, some offered for reparations, and all put under separate control.,
,The Allied Control Authority has approved the Plan fo~ Reparations--actuaily
a plan for industrial 'disarmament. While somewhat more than half of Germany'S
total pre-war industry will remain"only one-third of the heavy industry which
made the steel, the big guns and the tanks for Hitler's
of aggression will be
left. Germany is being demilitarized,denaz1fied and, deindustrialized.
war
,
'
Today Germany, like much of Europe, is hungry. 'Physical deteriorationfrqm
slow starvation has begun. Coal is short. A second winter with ,little heat lies
ahead. These shortages exist not because of reparation removals but because
those industries which are to remain in Germany cannot Yet be revived. Germany
is paying a heavy price for the destruction she brought on herself. But the fear
in Germany today goes deeper than hunger and cold. It is the fear of continued
economic paralysis--the fear of the 'continued separation of'Germany into four
'parts. For a year now Germany has been virtually cut into four Zones of occupa
tion--with the Zone borders, not merely military lines, but almost air-tight eco~
nomic boundaries which prevent the free flow of food and industrial products on
which a nation's economic life depends.
".
The Potsdam Agreement st,ated cat,egorically that Germany ,would operate as an
economic unit. The Reparations Plan was based on the principle, and so stated.
The plan provided that enough industry was to remain to permit Germa.ny a tolerable
standard of liv~ng. But this could only ,be true if German ,resources were freely
available throughout Germany, and, if the proceeds'of German exports could pay for
food and other necessaryimports,fon,Germany as a whole.
So far this' part of Potsdam has not been made effective. Until boundary
questions are settled, and the areathat is to be the future Germany becomes one
economic unit, the in<iividualparts can never become self~supporting. So far,
very little progress can be reported toward the formation'of the German adminis
trative agencies agreed at Potsdam as necessary tocperate Germany as an economic
whole. ,'There is no German government today.
'
'
The U. S. ;Zonedepends hist~riC8.1ly'·cin coal and steel from the British "Zone,
on food and seeds from the Soviet Zone, on fertilizer and tin plate from the
French Zone. T~day the United States is spending perhaps two hundred million
dollars a year--over a hal!': million dollars ,a day--to prevent starvation, disease
and unrest in theU. S. Zone. Without free trade with other parts of Germany,
and without a common export progrem,the U. S. ,Zone cannot pay its own way.
The issue is clear. If Germany is to support herself the Potsdam Agreement
be m~de effective. The status of the Saar and the ,Ruhr must be finally de~
terminedand any necessary ch~ges in the Reparations Plan made. But the, future
Germany must be 'allowed to operate as an economic unit. Otherwise it is obvious'
that, the Reparations Plan and the industrial disarmament of Germany cannot become"
effective as no~ planned, 'because the four Zones, cannot 'exist separately with
that amount Of industry'removed. The U. S. Delegation has therefore advised the
other Occupying Powers' that until the situation is clarified, no reparationo
mus~
•
'
�'I
o
•
'
.
94
plants other than the few agreed' for advance,deHy-eries will be dismantled'. The
U. S. position on reparations r,emains unchanged. When the. boundaries: of the , '
future Germany are·determined and she begins to operate as one country, i~dus
trial disarmament can· proceed and a lax;geshare . of her. industri,al plants ,machin.,. .
ery and equipment can go : in rep~at1onsto :the countrie.s ravaged by Germany. '
At Paris, a year aft'e~ Potsdam, the Council of'Fo~ei,gn Minis~ers, deb~ted'
the issue.'::Our Secreta;ry of state urged that the Potsdam: agreement be,made ef
fective as a' whole, ~hat Germany~e disarmed in b?th a military and industrial
sense, that reparation be made to the devastated countries, that central German
administrative agencies be created and.that Germany 'be treated'as a single eco-'
nomic u n i t . '
,
.
. . .
, ,
.
How~ver, no agre,ement was' r,eached.The U. S. Delegation :then offered to
join the economy of
Zone of occupation with. anyone or more of the other
zones. " This would"break. down ,some at ,leas,t of' the economic borders 'now choking
the economy. The intention is not, to d~vide Germany, 'but to bring about the eco
nomic unity called for by. Potsdam as rapidly as possi,\:>le. 'General McNarney, the
U;,S~ Zone Cqmmander"
has officially confirmed our Goverp,ment 's .,offer to the
, thre.e other occupying powers at· a me,et1;ngof the AllIed Control ,YounciL,.
our
A year of Potsdam has clarified the 'issue."
a whole. or it must be r e v i s e d ' . · "
•
Potsdam must be c~ried out as
Brigadier. General WILLIAM H. DRAPER. JR.
Director,' Economics Division
. Offi~e of :Milltary Goyernment
;,:R'eparatlons'and the Fu'ture .Levelof German Industri
With the approval by the C~:)ntrol Cou.ricll on Marcil 26,1946; of "THE PLAN FOR
.REPARATIONS AND THE LEVEL. OF POST-WAR GERMAN ECONOMY IN ACCORDANCE' WITH THE
BERLIN PROTOCOL, It. eight m'onths of intensive study and negotiations by the occupy
, lng powerswe~esuccessfully concluded., The.p~an, ,s~venteen pages in l,ength, is
, the basis for specific determination of the nature and amount of industrial equip
ment to be removed as reparatIons. I t is the first major step toward· implementa
tion of those provlsioI),s'of the BerlIn ,Protocol whlch Impose~ controls upon 1;; he
German economy to the extent nec~ssary to Itcarry out programs of 'industrial dis
armament and demilitarization, of reparatIons, and ,of approved ~xports and,,1Diports."
Th~ plan as 'finally. approved is ,first of"all a g~ide to industrial disarma
ment to assure~ in th,~wor4sof the .Berlin Protocol "that, Germany never again w,11l
threaten her .neighbors' or. the' peace of tne world. H. Reparations' are a part of
. industrial disarmament--of· the process of elim;1.nating industry not necessary to .
. the. maintenance of· a German standard of lIving' Hnot exceeding . the . average of
.
standards of· living of European co:untrIes,'t excluding the U. K.and,the U. S. S. R.,
but' suffIcient Uto enable the 'German pepple to subSist without external assist
ance." With these principles before them,: the experts were confronted with two
apparently, irreconcilable facts. Nearly all industry supports modern war," but it
also supportS people. With her present territory .and population, Germany cannot
subsist without large lmp:orts, particularly of food, ano.·· E1xPorts' of industrial>,
" products are the only known 'source. of payment--:unless the occupying powers make
gifts. The hlstory of the reparations plan is es~entially the history of an
'effort by quadripartite study and negotiatIon to strIke abalanc'e between the re
quirements of economic dlsarnlllment ,andofself':'support. ,
•
�95
standard of Living Board
The United States' contribution to the solution of this problem began with'
the organization of the German Standard of Living'Board tofrwne preliminary
recommendations concerning future production levels. The Board's report commonly
ref~rred to as ,the Hoover ,Report 'in honor of the Board's Chairman, Dr,. C.B.
Hoover, was published on 21'September 1945 and was introduced into the Quadripar
tite machinery as a basis fQr discussion.
,
,
,
Other overall plans' were submitted by the British, French and Soviet delega
tions in January and February, 1946, and a second U. S. Memorandum; prepared
, under the direction of Dr.B. U. Ratchford,was presented officially as the
American position to the Economic Directorate on 29 Januf;U"y , 1946. The final plan
as approved by the Control Council embodied work of all the delegations modified
by quadripartite reconciliation of the differing viewpoints reflected in the
several reports.
'
To ,facilitate the preparati'onof a plan acceptable to "all occupying powers,
, the Economic Directorate agreed on-15 August 1945 to organize the Level of In
dustry Committee. At its first meeting on 17,September 1945 this committee
created a TeclmicalStaff to operate as a Working Party of economists. During
t~e six months between the date of its organization and preparation of the Eco
nomic Directorate I s draft plan, the LOIC and. Teclmical Staff held sixty-four
meetings in an effort to develop and agr,ee upon the hundreds of separate questions
requiring answers. Some issues were not resolved until .a March 1946 when the,
Control Council accepted 'a complete set of proposals subject to final approval by'
'the several governments.
'
,
The plan rests on four major assumptions:
•
Germany will consist of,the present German territory lying between the
Oder-Neisse 'line and the pr~sentwestern boun9-aries. ,
The population within these boundaries
year 1949~
,
wi~l
be 66,500,000 in the target
,
,
Exports will encounter no special discriminations in foreign markets.
Germany will be treated as an economic unit in accordance with the Berlin
Protocol.
Zonal AuthQrity Unworkable
,
The importance of these assumptions is apparent. placing Germany's eastern
boundary on the Oder-Neisse line 'eliminated about 25 percent of the former Reich's
agricultural resources; but did not greatly affect tO,tal population, since' the
anticipated1mmigration of Germans not permitted to remain on foreign soil is ex
pected to offset the loss. If substantial changes should be made in Germany's
western boundaries, industry important to the whole of Germany would be, affected,
thus necessitating revision of permitted production levels in the remaining Reich
territory.Sim,1.larIy, if the population proves to be greater than 66,500,000,,' "
necessary ~ports of food and raw materials will require higher levels of produc
tion, both for export and, for domesti6consumption.The salability of German ex
ports is a,critical assumption. If it is in-error, th~ problem of German self- '
support will be almost insolUble.,' Finally, since the plan is intended to apply
to the whole of Germany,' zonal autonomy in such matters as reparations removals
and trade wo~ld make the plan unworkable.
'
,
.
•
, With theseaSsUDlptions as a starting point, the economists were confrollted'
with the' problemo! estimating requirements for major consumer ,goods, such as
food and clothing; the ,kind and amount, of eXports necessary to balanoe imports:
�•
96
and the amount of bas1s product10n 1n, m1n1ng, ~etallurgy, mach1nery" chem1stry,
and electr1c power necessary to support est1mated'consumpt10n and export levels.
And thls had to be cons1stent 111'1 th a maximum reduct10n 1n war potent1al" on the
one hanc;l, and the' encouragement of agr1culture and peaceful 1ndustr1es on the
other. The result1ng pattern of restr1cted and unrestr1cted 1ndustr1es 1s ob
v10usly not the only poss1ble answer, but 1t 1s one answer to an' extremely com
plex problem. Most ,1mportant, 1t 1s'an ans:wer that was acceptable to the Four
Powe,rs.
'
The plan as wr1tten beg1nsw1th ,the specif1c d1sarmament features of the
Ber11n Protocol--elim1nat10n of the product10n of arms,ammun1t10n and 1mplements
of. war, as well as all types ofaircratt and seagoing ships. In add1tion to
these, prohibitions, the plan states, that all 1ndustrial capital eqUipment for the
product1on of fourteen speoific items of critical military importance will be
eliminated. These 1tems ~include synthet1c rubber, gasa-11ne, and ammon1a; ball
and taper roller bearings; heavy machine tools of certain types; heavy tractors;
aluminum (primary), magnesium, beryl11um, and vanadium (from Thomas Slag); radio
active materials; radio transm1tt1ng'equipment; and spec1f1c chemical products.
The elimination o~ domestic product10n of the first four items 1s cont1ngent upon,
the availab1l1ty' of 1mports' and the means of payment. 'Thus, by str1k1ng out 1tems
of .criticalmili tary importance not essent1al to the German peacetime economy, .
,the first step toward industr1al disarmament 1s ach1.eved.
,
,
Certain other industries, primarily the metallurgical, machinery, and chemi-'
cal 1ndustr.1,es, are necessary to both war and peace. It was necessary, there
fore, to restrict such production to amounts no more' ,than enough to support the
prescribed standard of liv1ng. Ingot steel capacity 1s thus reduced to 7.5'
,
mi1l10n metr1c tons, or to 39 percent of 1936 product1on; and anriual production,
was11m1ted to 5.8 ,million tons until otherwise determ1ned by the Control Council.
Similarly, drasticrestrict10ns have been placed upon the production or such non
ferrous metals as copper, z1p.c, lead, tin, n1cke1, aluminum, and magnes1um., Only
reclaimed alum1num 111'111 be produced domest1cally, and al~mi t,ed amount of mag
nesium 111'111 be imported.
•
Restrict10ns' on the mechariiclilJ.'and electr1cal engineering indust~ies differ
in,the several,branches depending upon relative,m1l1tary sign1ficance. Thus
machine tool capacity is to be reduced to 11.4~ of total 1938 value, and such
,
tools -:i11 be limited as to size and type' by the Allied Control Authority. , Heavy
, mechanical engineering is reduced to 3l~ and light mechanic,a1 engineering, con
'\ sisting mainly of machinery, production tor the consumer goods, to 5~ of total
1938 value. The production of private motor.cars has been reducedto16~ of 1936
production. In the field of electrical engineering heavy types of equ1pment are
lim1ted to 30 percent, within an' overall limitation for ,the entire electrical
industry, of 50 percent of total 1938 value. In this way Germany's capacity to
produce those types of equipment which heretofore have been converted to the pro~
duction ot armaments will be reduced to the level necessary to support a minimum
peace economy.
'
'
'!'he chemical industry, 8: third major source ,of supply in a modern ,war economy,
has been cut back to preclude the d1vers10n of fac1lities-to 'military production.
The ,basic chemicals~'nitrogen,cal'cium, carbl,de, SUlphuric acid, chlorine and
'alka11, have ,been reduced to 40 percent of total 1936 capac1ties. Cons1der1ng the
,faet,that these basic chem1cals include those required for fert1l1zers, th1s re
duction 1s extremely severe. Certain other chemicals', notably pharmaceut1cals
and dyestuffs, have not b~en so sharply reduced because, of the necessity for
allowing sutt'1cient exports to' pay for imports ~
"
•
TWo other industrial rest~ictions are notabl~. Installed capacity for the
product1on of' electric power is ,reduced from more than 15 billion KW in 1936 to
.9 billion KW 1il 1949, or 40 percent below 1936. Such ,alimi>tation on generating
capacity is expected to be an effective,deterrent to expansion of such war poten
tial 1ndustries as electro-metallurgy and chemicals. Cell1ent is the only building
�.'
. 97
-,'
'.,
material included in therestr1cted list, but: l't is also the most important.
duction capacity is, reduced to 68 pe,rcent .of 1936product1on•
••••
,"
.
Pro
The industries alr'eady described are eXpected toy1elci. the bulk of antici
pate,dd,eliveries of .industrial equipment on repara~ions account. Such equipment
11'111 constitute the difference ,betWeen existing capac1~y and the amount;.required
to meet 'the pres~ribe~ production lev~ls.
",
. . ,
TWo other groups of indu'stries are '1ric,lu4ed 1n the 'plan, 'but ,~e not 'eXpect~d
to provide reparations. The first of these groups includes c()al,.mining, 'railroad
rolling stock production, agricultural machinery, textiles,: .rubber (natural and .
reclaimed), paper, ,and boots and shoes., ,'Levels for these industries are 'fixed or
estimated, and although they 'are not expected to yield reparations, the possi"
bili ties or exacting reparations are not . excluded if.. the Control Counc11 ,decides ,.
that ther.e are·.surplu~ capacit~es suitable for reparations. The second group of
industries includes' building and,bu11ding mater'ials. (except cemerit), furniture
and woodworking; flat glass, bottle and domestic glass; ceramics; bicycles; small
motorcycles and potash. ' No levels have been set for these industries, and they'·
are "free to develop within the limits of available material and fi~ancial're, sources." .
'
. ..
.
.'.'
. These 'are the ~ajor 'teaturesof the plan. '. It starts by elimlnating pro
duction esse~t1al to.a war, but no~ 'necessary to a. peace economy. Then ·it cuts
deeply into industries which, are major s~pports for war ,'but necessary to the
· maintenance. of peaceful production., Finally, in accordance with the policy of .
eIl:couraging peaceful' +ridustries, it allows a, w1de, range of· freedom for peaceful
inqustries to. develop.
.
",
Balance' of Payments
•
One other feature· 9f the· plan merits dis~)uss10n--the balance of payments.'
The ultimate balancing of' imports and exports 'is essential to self~support in .
Germany. 'Wi thouts:urficlent ,.exports to balance necessary· imports, there 'is danger'
that import deficits. 11'111 continue to be a drain on the tr~asuries of the occupy
ing' p'owera •. The plan s~ates that approved1m.Ports 11'111 not ex.c'eed RM 3 b11lion,'
andexportstotalingj' RM 3 b11lion at'1936' prices. will' be provided for in the
.
industryleveis. Of the' to.tal proceeds··from exports, not more than RM 1.5 billion
. 11'1]:1 be spent for' food' arid' fodder; Any portion of this' amount not needed for
.tood and fodder 11'111 ·be used to 'pay for occupation 'cost's' and other charges.
,
.
. The total food,'import bill is 'a:Uttle larger than the 1936 b~il, and' amounts·
to. 50 percent of the t;otalimi>orts f9r.1949. Constderlng the 'fact that 'Germany,
11'111 be supporting a'popula'tion equal,'to, or even greater than~ the 1936 popu
lationwithout the ,highly productive area east of the Qder""Neisse line,· the ini
pGirt allowance 11'111 ,not support; a verY.1uXurious diet •. Estimates indicate a per
· capHa. calorie consumptionofabout27ciO ,per day, a large proportion of which . .
11'111' conSist of grain and potatoes rather.,than the more eXpensive meats and fats.
It is not aSsuniedthat minute control 11'111 be exercised over the German· diet, but·
lack of internal. ~rlcul tUral" resources arid e~?rt capacl ties wi1:L. compel the
Germans·t;o rely heavily on inexp~nsivehigh-calory foods...
.
·
W:h11e est1mateq total' ilUp,or'ts'. i~ the target year: 1949 ~illbe nearly 30 per
cent less and exports 38 percent less .than ln1936,the, ,changed composition of,
1mport~ and exports 11l\lstrates better than do the tot~l figures the ,effect of
the plan. on the'Germanecononiy., Among the imports, for example,· those items
. which will not be produced domestically when it is physically ,and financiaily
possible to importthem--ball'and taper,roller bearings, synthetic gasoline and
011" nitrogen fert11izer (from sj'nthetlcammonia) and rubber--w11l cost almost
twice as much as thasame items 'in 1936, and will amount to 14' peroent ot the
total, import b11.l as. compared with 5 percent ·1n1936. Raw 'materials, on the,
other hand,. will amount to only 41,pt:trcent, and miscellane()us imports 35. percent,
'.
" .
. . ....
"/ «.'
�•
J
98
of 1936 expenditures f9r the same items.
Exports, even more than imports, reflect,the effects of economic demilitari
zation. Exports of metal products--machinerT, electrical equipment. optics and
precision instruments, and non-ferrous metal goods-":are reduced to 37 percent.
and chemical products to 42 percent, of 1936 exports ~ ,In line, wi th the policy
of encouraging,peaceful industries, emphasis is placed on exports of products from
natural resources and light ~anuracturing industries. Exports 9f coal, coke,
and potash are estimated at 122 percent, and consumer goods~-leather, textiles,
glass, ceramics, paper, etc~--at 109 percent 'of 1936 exports. Thus Germany'is '
almos't excluded trom, export fields in which she was preeminent prior to the' war-';'
metallurgy, engineering, 'and chemicals--and turned toward' the production of con
sumer 's goods.
" '
•
It is estimated,that,the general effect of the plan is to reduce the level
of industry as a, whole (excluding building and buil,ding materials'industries) to '
about 50, or 55 percent of the 1938 level. It is not now possible to translate
this figure into an estimate of average consumer income. The real effect upon
the German standard of livi~g, therefore, is not too clear. It will depend, in
part, ,upon the manner in which the. oc,cupying, powers deal wfth the planned removal
problem. It industry in general is toobadlj' diSorganized in the removal process,
the achievement of permitted and estimated levels in 1949 will be made more dif
ficult. Long-range results will be influenced ,even more ,by the ability of the
'German people to reorganize illdustry,and to find new methods of achieving economic
utilization of remaining i-ndustrial resources. The speed, of the.antfcipated
gradual recovery from present emergency levels of industrial production will de
pend to a ,large degree on food and coal availabilities. and the degree to which
interzonal and export trade ,and financial problems are handled for Germany as a,
whole. The location, character, and volume
employment opportunities will be
greatly changed atter the plant removaiperiod, and the maintenance of a reason
able level of consumer income will depend upon the extent to which unrestricted
industries can be expanded and the labor force, adjusted to the new pattern ,of
industry.
'
or
The plan is only a ,first step toward solution of the reparat10nsproblem.
It is not a document for the long-range control of Germany and, ,should not ~here
fore be regarded as a 'complete answer to the problem of the German industrial war
potential. The lasting controls over German industry will probably be written
into the future peace treaty. Indeed, 'the plan itself may, in the light of
experience, require revision either because the basic assumptions prove to have
been unwarranted or because the parts do not balance. ' It would be almost a mir
acle if it were not faulty ,at least to some degree, considering the fact that it
represents quadripartiteplanning'andcompromise. The real achievement lies in
the fact that a plan has been developed and agreed on by the ,four occupying
, powers.
"
From "A Year of potsdam," pp. 23-33."
"
.
�ss;
en .,G-e-~fh Lh cU~ OCLU-f'~h
fd tl?~/' 8~k
8
.
. 20
'*
September 1945
ce, Official Gazette, No. 1,29 Oclober l 945, p. 8
To the people of Germany:
We, the Allied Repr~entatives, Commanders-in-Chief of the forces of
occupation of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the French Republic, pursuant to
the Declaration regarding the defeat of Germany, signed at Berlin on
5 June 1945, hereby a~mounce certain additional requirements arising
from the complete defeat' and unconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply, (in so far as these have not already been
fulfilled), as follows:
I
1. All German land, naval and air forces, the SS, SA, SD and Gestapo,
with all their ()rganizations, staffs and institutions, including the General
Staff, the Officers' Corps, Reserve Corps, military schools, war veterans' .
o!g~nizations and all other military:~ and-,:1.,:,..'1-, ~p,.,.'p to kppn. "IiVp. the·
quasi-military organizations,
.
_, .. ~ ... .. "
Sepl-UJ)
69
1945'
L.
\
II
3 (a) German authorities and officials in all territories ,outside the fron
tiers of Germany as they existed on 31 December 1937, and in any areas
'within: those frontiers indicated at any time by the Allied Representatives,
will comply with such iIlStructions as ~owithdrawing therefrom as they
.
may receive from the Allied Representatives.
(b) The German authorities will issue the necessary instructions and
will make the necessary arrangements for the reception and maintenance
in Germany of all German civilian inhabitants of the territories or areas
concerned, whose evacuation may be ordered by the Allied Representa
SECTION
, .
'
.
(c) Withdrawals and evacuations under sub-paragraphs (a) and (b)
'above will take place at such times and under such conditions as the Allied
Representatives may direct. ,
.
4. In the tel,"ritories and areas referred to in paragraph '3 above, there
shall immediately be, on the part of all forces under German command
and of German authorities and civilIans, a complete cessation, of all'
measures of coercion or forced labour and of all measures involving injury
to life or limb. There'shall similarly cease all measures of requisitioning,
'seizure, removal, concealment or destruction of property. In particular,
the withdrawals and evacuations mentioned in paragraph 3 above will be
carried out without damage to or removal of persons or property not
affected by the orders of the Allied Representatives. The Allied Repre
sentativeswill determine what personal property and effects may be taken
by persons evacuated under paragraph 3 above.
SECTION
SECTION
"
<
l'iLt5":
military tradition in Germany, shall be completely and finally abolished
in accordance with methods and procedures to ,be l~id down by the Allied
Representatives.
.
,2. All forms of military training,' military propaganda ~ and military
activities of whatever. nature, on the part of the German people, are pro
hibited, as well as the formation 9fany organization initiated to further
, any aspect of military training and the formation of war veterans' orga,..
nizations or other groups which might develop military characteristics or
which are designed to carry on the German military tradition, whether
.. uch organizations or groups purport to be political; ed~cational, religious,
s
social, athletic or recreational or of any other nature.
~~!
COUNCIL PROCLAMATION NO.2: CERTAlNADDlTlONAL
,REQUlR.EMENTS IMPOSED ON GERMANY
'flO
SEPTEMBER
1945-54 '
Iccasions l'importance primordiale qu'il attache a ce que la regionrheno
vestphalienne ne puisse plus dans l'avenirconstituer pour l' Allemagne un
Lrsenal, une zone de passage ou un point de depart pour attaquer ses
roisins occidentaux. II considere que la separation definitive de cette
'egion, Ruhr comprise, d'avec l' Allemagne, indispensable pou~ la couver
me de la frontiere fran<;aise, constitueen outre la condition essentielle de
a securite de l'Europe et du monde. II estime donc necessaire, si des .
ldministrations centrales allemandes doivent etre etablies, qu'il soit en'
:n~me temps specifie que la region rheno"westphali'enne sera soustraitea
leur c o m p e t e n c e . '
,
'.
"
Etant donne l'importance que presente pour l'Europeet pour Ie monde
le probleme allema!ld, la Delegation fran<;aise se serait attendue a ce que
ce problemefigurat en, premiere place a l'ordre du jour de la premiere
reunion du Conseil des cinq Ministres des Affaires etrangeres. Etant donne
l'abondance dessujets inscrits a cet agenda, eUe ne se propose pas d'insister
pour que l'ensemble de ce probleme ou ,seulement cdui~u sort particulier
a reserver a la region rheno-westphalienne soit dis~ute des: la premiere
session. Elle doit declarer toutefois que Ie representant fran<;ais au Comite
de controle interallie de Berlin ne sera pas autonse a souscrire a une
mesure prejugeant ce sort avant que la question ci-dessus posee ait ete
debattue par les cinq ministres et ait fait l'objet d'une decision du Conseil.
~iROL
/5:SL/..£.c{ UJ'{i.L/"ctu-opIUr. q) ~aJL
J M h h<. k
Iflr' JL, ,
fCU"(s.
tZ-u.- hfY!, ~ Oppe..n,
DOCUMENTS ON GERMM'V UNDER OCCUPATION,
!1
III
5. The Allied Representatives will regulate all matters affecting Ger
many's relations with other countries. No foreign obligations, under
"takinl!s or r:nmmltmpnt~or~r"! J..;,..,r! ",ill h,.. ... ~~",.,.,.~,.t ~~ ~~.~~~..l :".~,1~" ~ ..
�1945-54
m behalf of German authorities or nationals without the sanction of the
Mlied Representatives. .
.' .
.
6. The Allied Representatives will give directions concerning ~he abro
gation, bringing into force, revival or application of any treaty, conventi~n
or other international agreement, or any part or provision thereof, to
which Germany is or has been a party ..
7 (a) In virtue of the unconditional surrender of Germany, and as of
the date of such surrender, the diplomatic, consular, commercial and
other relations of the German State with ,other States have ceased to exist.
(b) Diplomatic, consular, commercial and other officials and Iriembers
of service missions in Germany of countries at war with any of the four
Powers will be dealt with as the Allied Representatives may prescribe.
The Allied Representatives may require the withdrawal from Germany of
neutral diplomatic, consular, commercial and. other officials and members'
of neutral serviCe missions.
.
(c) All German diplomatic, consular, commercial a,?-d other. officials
and members of German service missions abroad are hereby recalled. The
control and. disposal of the buildings, property and archives of all German
diplomatic and other agencies abroad will be prescribed. by the::' Allied
.Representatives.
.
.'
8 (a) German nationals will, pending further instructioris, be prevented
from leaving German territory except as authorized or directed by the
Allied R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . ·
(b) Germ'an authorities and nationals will comply with any directions
issued by the Allied Representatives for th~ recall of German nationals
resic!ent abroad, and for the reception in Germany of any persons whom.
the Allied Representatives may designate.
9~ The German authorities and people will take all appropriate steps
to ensure the safety, maintenance and welfare of persons not of German
nationality and of their property and of the property of foreign States.
'0
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
IV
10. The German authorities will place at the disposal of the Allied
Representatives the whole of the German intercommunication system
(including all military and civilian postal and telecommunication systems
and facilities and connected matters), and will comply with .any instruc- .
tions giv<:n by the Allied Representatives for placing such intercommunica~
tion systems under the complete control of the Allied Representatives.
The German authorities will comply with any instructions given by the
Allied Representatives 'with a view to' the establishment by the Allied .
Re.presentatives ofsuch censorship and control of postal and tclecommuni-'
.' .... _., ~ ..;:,.1,..0 r.,rr;l'rl hv nersons or
SECTION
•
•
1945
71
otherwise conveyed and of all other forms of intercommunication as the
Allied Representatives may think fit.' .
.
. i I. The German authorities will comply with all directions which the
Allied Representatives may give regarding the use;control andcensorship
of all media for influencing expression and opinion, including broadcast
ing, press and publications, adveltising, filmS and-public performances,
entertainments and exhibitions of all kinds.
SEPTEMBER
SECTION
V.
The Allied Representatives will exercise such control as they deem
necessary over all or any part or aspect of German finance, agriculture
(including forestry), production and mining, public utilities, industry,
trade, distribution and economy generally, internal and external, and
over all related or ancillary matters, including the direction or prohibition
of the manufacture, production, construction, treatment, use and disposal
of any buildings, establishments, installations, public or private workS,
plant, equipment, products, materials, stocks or resources. Detailed state
ments of the subjects to which the present provision applies,' together with'
the requirements of the Allied Representatives in regard thereto, will
from time to time be communicated to the German authorities .
13 (a) The mal!ufacture,production and construction, and the acquisi
tion from outside Germany, of war-material and of such other products
used in connection with stich manufacture, production or construction,
as the Allied Representatives may specify, and the import, export and
transit thereof, are prohibited, except as directed by the Allied Represen.:
tatives.
."
.
(b) The German authorities will immediately place at the disposal of
the' Allied Representatives all research, experiment, development and
design directly or indirectly relating to war or the production of war
material, whether in government or private establishments, factories,
technological institutions. or elsewhere. ,
14 (a) The property, assets, rights, titles and interests (whether situated'
inside or outside Germany }of the German State, its p~lidcal subdivisions,
the German Central Bank, State or' semi-State, provincial, municipal or
local authorities or Nazi organizations, and those situated outside Germany
'of any person' resident or carrying on business in Germany, will hot be
disposed of in a,ny way whatever without the sanction of the Allied Repre
sentatives. The property, assets, rights, titles and interests (whether situ
atedinside or outside Germany), of such private companies, corporations,
trusts, cartels, firms, partnerships and associations as may be designated by
the AlIied Representatives will not be disposed of in any way whatever
without the sanction of the Allied Representatives.
(b) The German authorities will furnish fuIl information about the
12.
�••
72
DOCUMENTS ,ON GERMANy
.
UNDEROCCU~ATION, . 1945-:54 '
property, assets, rights, titles and interests referred to.in sub-pa'ragraph (a)
above and will comply with such directions as the Allied Representatives
may give as to their transfer and disposal. WithDut prejudice to any fur
.ther demands which may be made in this connectiDn, the German authDri
'ties will hDld at the dispDsal .of the Allied Representatives fDr delivery tD
them at such times and ,places as they may direct all securities, certificates,
deeds Dr .other documents of title held by .any of the institutiDns Dr bodies
mentiDned in sub-paragraph (a) abDve Dr by any person ~ubject tD German
Law, and relating tD property, assets, rights, titles. and interests situated in
the territories of the United Nations, including any shares, stDcks, d~ben
tures or other obligations .of any company incorporated in accordance
.
, .
with ,the laws of any of the United Nations.
.(c) Property, assets, rights, titles and interests situat~d inside Germany
will nDtbe removed .outside Germany .or be ,transferred or dispDsed of to
any person resident or carrying on business outside Germany without the
sanction of the Allied Representatives.)
(d) Nothing in. sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above shall, as regards
property, assets, rights, titles and interests situated inside. Germany, be
deemed tDprevent sales or transfers to persons resident in Germany fDr
the purpDse of .maintaining or cartying on the day-to~day national'life,
economy and administration, subject tD the provision of sub-paragraphs
19 (b) and (c) below and to the proyisions of the Declaration or .of any.·
,prDclamations, ord~rs, ordinances or instructions issued thereunder.
15 (a) The German authorities and all persDns in Germany will hand
over to the Allied Representatives. all gDld and silver, in coin or bullion
. forol, and all platinum in bullion form,situated in Germany, and all such
coin and bullion situated outside Germany as is possessed by or held on
behalf of any of the institutions Dr bodies mentioned in sub-paragraph
14 (a) above or any person resident or carrying .on business in Germany; c'
(b) The German' authorities and all persons in Germany will hand
over in full to the Allied Representatives all foreign nDtes and coins in the
possessiDn .of any German authority, or .of any corporation, association or
individual resident or carrying on business in Germany, and all monetary
tokens issued or prepared for ~ssue by Germany in the tt<rntories formerly
occupied by her or elsewhere.
16 (a) All property, assets, rights, titles 5lnd interests in Germany held
for or belonging to any country against which any of the United Nations
is carrying on hostilities, or held for or belonging to the nationals of any
such country, or of any persons resident or carrying on business therein,
will be taken under control and will be preserved pending further instruc
(v
tions.
fJr ~~\
An moverty. assets, rights,titles and interests in Germany held for d
V~~(~ to f)Y\~ I ro..-1'vj.:iUJoJ.'i PI'f'al,Ie. (,11 f.erPIlSO ~cU:tt..uw~t ..C¥
v
SEPTEMBER i
945'
•
7.3
those cDuntries, other than Germany and the countries referred to in sub
paragraph (a) above, which have at any time since I September 1939 been
at waiwith.any of the United Nations, will be taken under control and
will be preserved pending H,lrtherinstructions.
,(c) The German authDrities wi,ll take all necessary steps to ensure
the execution .of the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) abDve,will
comply with any i~structions given by the Allied Representatives for that
purpose, and will afford all necessary information and facilities it). connec
tiDn therewith.
17 (a) There shall, on the part .of the German authorities and people,
be no concealment, destruction, scuttling or dismantlirg .of, removal or
transfer of, nor damage to, ships, transport, ports or harbours, nor to any
forin .of building, establishment, installation, device, means of prDduction,
supply, distribution or cDmmunication,plant, equipment, currency, stDcks
. or reSDurces, or, in general, public Dr private works, utilities Dr facilities of,
any kind, wherever situated.
,
(b) There shall be no destruction, removal, concealment, suppression
or alteration of any dDcuments, recDrds, patents, drawings, specifications,
plans or infDrmation, .of any nature, .affected by. the provisions of this
.document. They shall be kept intact in .their present locations until further.
directions are given. The German authorities Will afford all·information
and facilitie~ as required by the Allied Representatives in connection
therewith.
(c) Any measures already ordered, undertaken, or begun contrary to
the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above will be immediately
countermanded or discontinued. All stocks, equipment, plant, records,
. patents, documents, drawings, specifications, plans or other material
already concealed within or outside Germany will forthwith be declared,
. and will be dealt with as the Allied Representatives may direct.
(d) Subject to. the provisiDns of the Declaration or any proclamations,
orders, ordinances Dr instructions issued thereunder, the German authori
ties and people will be responsible for the .preservation, safeguarding and
upkeep of all forms of property and materials affected by any of the said
provisiDns.
,
(e) All transpDrt materials, stDres, equipment, plant, establish~erits,
installatiDns, devices and property generally, which are liable to be sur
rendered or delivered under the Declanition Dr any proclamations, orders,
ordinanc'es Dr instructions issued th'ereunder, .will be handed .over intact
and in good condition, or subject only to ordinary wear and tear and to
any damage caused during the continuance of hostilities which it has
proved impossible to make good ...
18. There shall be 'no -financial, commercial or other intercourse with,
or Hriliings with or for the benefit of. countries at war with any of we .
'
.
�74
•
DOCUMENTS ON
GER~ANY
UNDER OCCUPATION,
•
1945-54
SECTION
VI
.
.
manner as m'ay be prescribed. .
20. The German authorities will supply free of costsuch German cur
rency as the Allied Representatives may require, and will withdraw and
redeem in German currency, within such time limits and on such terms as
the Allied Representatives may specify, all holdings in Gennan territory
of currencies issued by the Allied Representatives during military 6pera~
tions or occupation, and will hand over the currencies so withdrawn free
of cost to the Allied Representatives.
.
2 I. The German authorities will comply with all such directions as may
be issued by the Allied Representatives for .d~[r<i.ying the costs of the pro- .
visioning, 'maintenance, pay, accommodation and transport of the forces
and agencies stationed in Germany -by ~uthority of the Allied Representa
tives, the costs of executing the requirements of unconditional surrender,
a,n payment for any relief in whatever form it may be provided by the
d
'T"·.*~1
.......11\T ........
;I"\""'("
,
1945
•
75
22. The Allied Representatives will take and make unrestricted use
(whether inside or outside Germany) of.any articles referred to in para
graph 12 above which the Allied Representatives may require in connec
tion with the conduct of hostilities against any country with which any of
their respec~ive Governments is at war.
"
United Nations, or territories occupied by such countries or -with any
other country or person specified by the Allied Representatives.
19 (a) The German authorities will carry out, for the benefit of the
United Nations, such .measures of restitution, reinstatement, restoration,
reparation, reconstruction, relief and rehabilitation as the Allied Repre
sentatives . may prescribe. For these purposes the German authorities
will effect or procure the surrender or transfer of such property, assets,
rights, titles and interests, effect suth deliveries and carry out such repair, .
building and' construction work, whether in Germany or elsewhere, and
will provide such. transport, plant, equipment and materials of all kinds,
labour, personnel, and specialist and other services, for use in Germany or-
elsewhere, as the Allied Representatives may direct.
(6) The German authorities will also comply with all such directions as
the Allied Representatives may give relating to property, l assets, rights,
titles and interests located in Germany belonging to any one of the United
Nations or its nationals or having so belonged at, or at any time since, the
outbreak ofwar hetween Germany and that nation, or since the occupation
of any part of its territories by Germany. The German authorities will be
responsible for safeguarding, maintaining, and preventing the dissipation
of all such property, assets, rights, titles and interests, and for handing
them over intact at the demand of the Allied Representatives. For these
. purposes the German authorities will afford all information and facilities
. required for tracing any property, assets, rights, titles or interests.
(c) All persons in Germany in wncise possession such property, assets,
rights, titles and interests may be, shall-be personally responsibleJor report~
ing them and for safeguarding them until they are handed over in such
SEPTEMBER
SECTION
VII
23 (a) No- merchant ship, including fishing or other craft, shall put to
"
i.
i
sea from any German port except as may be sanctioned or directed by the
.Allied Representatives. German ships in ports outside Germany shall
remain in port and those at sea shall proceed to the nearest German or
United Nations port anq there remain, pending instructions from the
Allied Representatives.
..
(6) All German merchant shipping, including tonnage under qmstiuc
tion or repair, will be made .available to the Allied Representatives for
such use and on such terms as they may i:miscribe.·. ,
(c) Foreign merchant shipping in German service or under German
control will likewise be made available to th-e Allied Representatives. for
such use and on such terms as they may prescribe. In the case of such .
foreign merchant ~essels which are of neutral registration, the German
authorities will take all such steps ·as may be required by the Allied
Representatives to transfer or cause to be transferred to the Allied Repre
sentatives all rights rdative thereto.
(d) All transfer to any other flag, service or control, of the vessels
covered by sub-paragraphs (6) and (c) above is prohibited, except as may
be directed by the Allied Representatives~
'.
.
24. Any existing options to repurchase or reacquire or to resume control
of vessels sold orotherwise transferred or chartered by Germany during
the war wiUbe exercised as directed by the Allied Representatives. Such
vessels will be made available for,use by the Allied Representatives in the
. same manner as the vessels covered by sub_-paragraphs 23 (6) _and (c)
above.
.
25 (a) The crews of all German merchant vessels or merchant vessels in
German service or under German control will remain on board and will
be maintained by'the German authorities pending further instructions
from the Allied Representatives regarding their future employment.
(6) Cargoes on board any such-vessels will be disposed of in accordance
with instructions given to the German.authorities by the Allied Represen
tatives.
26 (a) Merchant ships, indudingfishing and other craft of the United
Nations (or of any country wh~ch has broken off diplomatic relations with
Germany) which are in German hands, wherever such ships may be, will
be surrendered to the Allied Representatives, regardless of whether title
�76
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
1945-54
has been transferred as the result of prize court proceedings or otherwise.
All such ships will be surrendered in good repair and in seaworthy condi
tion in ports and at times to be specified by the Allied Representatives,
for disposal as directed by them.
'
(b) The German authorities will take all such steps as may be directed
by th~ Allied Representatives to effect or complete transfers of title to such
ships regardless of whether the title has'been transferred as the result of
prize court proceedings against such ships in neutral ports.
'
27. The German authorities will comply with any instructions given
by the Allied Representatives for the destruction, dispersal, 'salvaging,
reclamation or raising of wrecked, stranded, derelict or sunken vessels,
wherever they may be situated. Such vessels salvaged, reclaimed or raised
'
,
shall be dealt with as the Allied Representatives direct.' ','
, 28. The German authoritie~ will place at the unrestricted disposal of the
Allied Representatives the entire German shipping, shipbuilding and ship
repair industries, and all matters and facilities directly or indirectly rela
tive or ancillary-thereto, and will provid~ the requisite labour a,nd spe,cialisf
services. The requirements of the Allied Reprf:Se~tatives
be specified
,in instructions which will from time to time be communicated 'to the,
German authorities.
will
SECTION
VIII
will
29. The German, authorities
place at the unrestricted disposal of,
the Allied Representatives the whole of the German inland transport sys
tem (road; rail, air and waterways) and all connected matenal, plant and
equipment, and all'repair, construction, labour" servicing arid running
facilities, in accordance with the instructionirissued, by the Allied Repre
sentatives.
"
30. The production i~ Germany arid the possession, IT).aintenance or
operation by Germans of any aircraft of any kind, or. any parts thereof, '
are prohibited.
,
'
3 I. All German rights in international transport bodies or organiza
tions, and in refation to the use of transport and the movement of traffic in
other countries and the use in Germany of the transport of other countries"
will be exercised in accordance with the directions of the Allied Repre
sentatives.
32. All facilities for the generation, transmission and distribution of
power, including establjshments for the manufacture and repair of such
facilities, will be placed under the complete control of the Allied Repre
sentatives, to be used for such purposes asthey may designate.
SECTION
IX,
• 1
1,
~t~
~1~.
~~.,:,....,...~
,.,. ...
f.l .......
1945
77
Allied Representatives may give for the regulation of movements of
population and for controlling travel or removal on the part of persons in
~m~
•
SEPTEMBER
34· No persons may leave or enter Germany without a permit issued
by the Allied Representat!ves or on their authority.
" 35· The German authorities will comply with'all such directions as the
Allied Representatives may, give .for the 'repatriati!Jn 'of persons not of
German natiomility in or passirig through Germany, their property and
effects, and for facilitating the movements of refugees and'displaced
persons.
X
36. The German authonties will furnish any information and docu
ments, and will secure the attendance ·of any witnesses,. 'requir~d by the'
Allied, Representatives for the trial of:
,
(a) the principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied Representatives
and all persons fr:om time to time named or designated by rank,' office or,
emplo~ment by the Allied Representati~es 'as being suspected of having
, , committed, ordered or abetted war crimes'or analogous offences;
,
(b) any national of any of the United Nations who is alleged to have
committed an offence against hi's national law and who may at any time
be named or designated by rank, office or employment by the Allied ,
Representatives; and will give all other aid and assistance for these pur
poses.
,
,
SECTION
37· The German authorities will comply with any directions given by
"the Allied Representatives in regard to the property ofany person referred
to in sub-paragraphs 36 (a) and (b) above, such as its seizure, custody or
' , . ",
,
,
,
surrender.
8
,SECTION
XI'
3 . The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) is com-'
'
pletely and finally abolished and dec1a.t:ed to be illegaL
"39· The German authorities will comply promptly with such directions
as the Allied Representatives may issue for the abolition pf the National
Socialist Party and of its subordinate organiZ<;ltions, affiliated associations
and supervised organizations, and ofan Nazi pUblic institutions created as
instruments of Nazi domination, and of such other organizations as may
be regarded as a threat to the security of the Allied forces or to inter
national peace, and for prohibiting their revival in any form, for the dis
missal and internment of Nazi personnel; for the control and seizure of
Nazi property and funds; and for the 'suppression of Nazi ideology and
teaching.,
,
0
,...,.. 4 ...... ')The rGerman
;t"4- • ........... . . _ ..
authorities and German nationals will not
~1J()W
tht>
�78 DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION, 1945..,-54
41. The German autho,rities will comply with such directions as the
Allied Representatives may issue for the repeal of Nazi legislation and for
the reform of German law and of the German legal, judicial, administra
tive, police and educational systems, including the replacement of their
personnel. .
42 (a) The G~rman authorities will comply with such directions as the
Allied Representatives may issue for the rescinding of German legislation
involving discrirriination on grounds of race, colour, creed, language or
political opinions, and for the cancellation of all legal or other disabilities
resulting therefrom;
,
(h) The German authorities will comply with such directions as the
, Allied' Representatives may issue regarding the property, assets, rights"
titles and interests of p~rsons affected by legislation involving discrimina
tion on grounds of race, colour, creed, language or political opinions. ,
43. No person shall be prosecuted or molested by the German authori- ,
ties'or by German nationals on g'rounds of race, colour, creed, language or .'
political opinions, or on account of any dealings or sympathies with the
United Nations, including the' performance of any action calculated to .
facilitate the execution of the Declaration or of any proclamations, orders,
ordinances or instructions issued thereunder:
.
44. In any proceedings before any German Court or authority judicial
notice shall be taken of the provisions of- the Declaration and of all
proclamations,' orders, ordinances and instructions' issued thereunder,
which shall override any provisions of German law inconsistent therewith.
SECTION XII
45. Without prejudice to any specific obligations contained in the pro- •
visions of the Declaration or any proclamations, orders, ordinances' or
instructions issued thereunder, the German authorities and any other
person in a position to do so will furnish or cause to be furnished all such
information and documents of every kind, public and private, as the
Allied Representatives may require.
46. :the Gerrnan authorities will likewise produce for interrogation and
employment by the Allied Representatives upon demand any and all
persons whose knowledge and experience would be useful to the Allied
Representatives.
.
47. The Allied Representatives will have access at all times to any
building, installation, establishment, property or area, and any. of the
contents thereof, for the purposes of the Declaration or any proclamations,
orders, ordinances or instructions issued thereunder, and, in particular,
for the purposes of safeguarding, inspecting, copying or obtaining any
-.r. .1.1_ ... ...J ... ~:.~'"'....t ..-l,... .... ,,~ ............ _f-,.. "'I....,rl ~nrr'\ .. r ..." ... t;A,., ''rl,,.. ~.f"r",,~n "llthnrlt1PC::: '\/l1f
SEPTEMBER 1945
79
give all necessary facili.tiesand assistance for this purpose, including the
service of all specialist staff, including archivists.
'
,
SECTION XIII
8. In die event ofany doubt as to the meaning or interpretation 'of any
4
term or expression in the Declaration and in any proclamations, orders,
ordinances and instructions issued thereunder, the decision of the Allied
Representatives shall be final. '
.Done at Berlin, the 20th day of September 1945.
CONTROL COYNCIL LAW NO.2, PROVIDING FOR THE TERMINATION
AND LIQUIDATION OF THE NAZI ORGANIZATIONS
IO
ca, O.fficial Gai:.ette, No.
October 1945
I,
29 October 1945, p. 19
ARTICLE,! ,
I. The National Socialist GenJ:}an Labour Party, its formations, affiliated
associations and 'supervised agencies, including para-military organizations
andall other Nazi institutions established as instniments,ofparty domina
tion are hereby abolished and declared illegal.
,.
.2. The Nazi organizations enumerated in the attached Appendix, or
which maybe added, are expressly abolished.
,
3· The reforming of any of. the organizations named herein, whether
.underthe same or different name is forbidden.
ARTICLE II
All real estates, equipments, funds, accounts, records and other property
of the organizations abolished by this law are confiscated. Confiscation is
carried 'out by Military Commands; generardirectives concerning the dis.
tribution of the confiscated property are given by the Control Council.
ARTICLE III
Until such time as the property mentioned is actually placed under the
control of the Military Commands aU officers and other personnel, includ
ing administrative officials and· others account,able for such property, are
held personally responsible for taking any action necessary to preserve
intact all such property and for complying with the orders of the Military
. Commands'regarding such property.
ARTICLE IV.
Any person violating any provision' of this law ,shall be liable to criminal
prosecution.
Done at Berlin.
TO
Octohf'r I
0.1
~.
�80
DOCUME:NTS ON, GERMANY ,UNDER OCCU_PATION,
,
-1945-54
"
,
'
,
.t,
APPENDIX,
I. Nationalsozi~lisi:ische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
2.' Partei-Kanzlef
3. Kanzld des Fuhrers deJ;" NSDAP
,- 4. Auslandsorgariisation
'
,
'
5. Volksbund flir das Deutschtum im'Aushtnd
-6. Volksdeu tsche Mittelstelle '
1. Parteiamtliche Prufungskommissiori zum S<;:hutze des NS-Schrifttums,
8. Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP'
'
,
9. Reichsschatzmeister der NSDAP
.,.
"
10. BeauftragterdesFuhrers fur die UbeiWachung der gesamten geistigen und
_weltanschaulichen Schulung und Erziehung cler NSDAP
I I. Reichspropagandaleiterder NSDAJ>
", , '
'.
'
i2, Reichsleiter fur die Presse und Zentralverlag der NSDAP (Eher Verhlg),
13: Reichspressechef der NSDAP ,
14. Reichs~mt fur das Landvolk
IS., Hauptamt fur V~lksgesundheit
16. Hauptamt fur, Erzieher,
17~Hauptamt flir Kommunalpolitik
18. Hauptamt fUr Beamte
':
19. Beauftragter ,der ~SDAP fur aIle Volltstumsfragen ~
20. Ra:>senpolitischesAmt der NSDAP
21. Amt fur Sippenforschung
.l
22. KolonialpolitischesAmt der NSDA,P,
23; AussenpoIitisches Amt der NSDAP .
24, ReichstagsfraktioQ derNSDAP
25. ' Reichsfrauenfuhiung
,
26. NSD-Aritebund,
27. Hauptarnt fur Te,chnik
28. NS-Bund Deutscher Technik
29. NS-Lehrerbund
, 30. Reichsbundder Deutschen Beamten '
,3 I. 'Reichskolonialbund
,32~ NS-Frauenschaft
,
33. NS-Reichsbund Deutscher Schwestern
. 34. Deutsches Frauenwerk '
35. ' ReichsStudentenfiihrung
36; NSD-Studentenbund
37. Deutsche Sttidentenschaft
38. NSD-Dozeritenbtind" '
39. NS-Rechtswahrerbund '
40• NS-Altherrenbund der Deutschen Studenten
41. Reichsbund Deutsche Familie
42. DeutscheArbeitsfront
43. NS-Reichsbund fUr LeibesUbungen
'1'
N~- R f'irh~krie",rrhllnrl
,OCTOBER 1.945
81
45· Reichskulturkammer
46. Deu tscher' Gemeindetag
47· Geheime Staatspolizei '
,
.
, 48. Deutsche jagerschaft'
, 49· ,Sachverstandigenbeirat fur Bevolkerungs_ urid Rassenpolitik
50. Reichsausschussz um Schu~ze des Deutschen Blutes
51. Winterhilfswerk, , ,
,
,52. Hauptarrit fur Kdegsopfer
,
,
53· NSKOV (NS-Kriegsopferversorgung)
,"
.
'
54: SA (Sturmabteilungen), 'including the SA-Wehrmannschaften:
55· SS (Schutistidfeln), incl~ding the Waff'en-SS, the SP (Sicherheitsdienst}.
and all offices combining command overthe police and SS
'
.56. NS!<-K (NS-Kraftfahrerkorps)
57· NSFK(NS-FI~egerkorps)
"
8
5 ·HJ (Hitler-Jugend), including itS subsidiary organizations'
59· RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst) "
60. OT(Org~nisation Todt)
.
61. TENO (Techriische Nothilfe)
.,,'
' ,62. Nati6nalsoziidistische VolkSwohlfahrt'
CONTROL' COUNCIL'
. "
20
P~cjCLAMATION NO,3 : FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES ~
'OF.:JUDICIAL REFORM ;
'Ootober 1945
,
ca, OjJicial Ga~lte,' No.
I,
ii9 Octobe; '.945. p.
P~wers
6
t~rrorist
'By the elimination ofthe Hider tyranny by the Allied
the
system ofNa~i CourtS has been liquidined. 'Jt is necessary to establish a
new:democratic judichll system based on the achievements of democracy,
civilization' and· justice. "The Control ,Council therefore proclaims ,the
"'following fundamental principles ofjudicia~ reform which sh(lllbeapplied
' throughout Germany,.
'
,
"
-
r.EQU~LITYBEFORE
THE LAW
'All persons are equal before ,the law; No person, whatever'hisrace;
nationality or religion, shall be deprived' of his Jegal rights.'
'
,,;
n.G'UARANTEES 'OF ·THE RIPHTS'0F:THE ACCUSED
No person shall be deprived of life,
process of law. '
1.
1iber~y or property without due'
2. Criminal responsibility shaH' be determined only for offences pro
vided bylaw.,
'3· Determination by any court'of any crime 'by analogy' or by so
,called 'sound popular instinct', as heretofore provided, in the German
Crimin;)' t:nri,-. :. ~_~ I. :1.:,
,t
�PROPERTY'CONTROL''"' '
"UUu.. 1)0. S-',/"'. ~ .u.--/l' :
,@tUJf '(fffL/J1X Ul~
•
,~ _
-
A&'IIClLa \'III
01 IICCDPIlIloll 01 IIIUIIbaWq ad
I'tIIIpIId to 0eftDanTa atemaI _
IIIall lie tile ftiIPODIIbWl7 01 tile Comm.........1iI-OUot Ibr thet
mul ~ of Gamu B:xt.naa( ~
WIIenu tile eoDtroI Clo!mcIl Ia determlaoa to _ _ -*nil
<IIf'" 'CIenDiut _
aIned ad 'to dIvat t b e a l 4 _ ot'tbe!r
0ermIm
wtlli tile _ _1IoIl1IIiInIb7 <IIf
_ ...
II&U-S ~ ad'colIecttve -n17 by tile eIla>lD&lIoIl ill Gel:
.--~... " , ; . ,
.'.
~
Now; \'benton, ... CoDtroI oiomdJ, IB' ~':..tuithe
z..
'
labelq~
deci.IIoAa ot tile Potldam ~ ad tile polItica1&11d-"-'"
pdDdpla by wbleh It Ia ~ to 'be IUlded _ .te.lIDI ;willi
. , . pntbIem. _ _ •
O!mm!""'" '..,.
, 'The
requeat
0.:.....",,- to ~
aertIdD ~t\QD.a diller aIoDe .. ·ID ~ wllb Ia
ftIItIptlou beIq 00Ilducted ID .oIII<!r - : md. fIuttiIer. mq It
IIIIIf ......met JoInt 1DftIItIpt\QD.a, ID _
wIleN the ~ Ia
_tamed ID more 1Iwl _ _ .abJect to the aulbortly 01 the
..........·'ldehlD-allet ID II1I)I' _ _ ID whleh aueb JoInt tDftIIIIIaIIoIl
~
if aDd m beNat.
fte -.II: wllhlD . , _
--stac tile ~ wtlb
LAW NO.5
VeItiDI
b7 AiMdeI
"
'.
"
'
bIIIowa:
Aa'ircus I
A CIermaD JIZtemal Property OW';',.....", ~ r-derred
to .. ~ OWDl'''''''''' CIOII:IpOIed ot .~tI... 01 tile Four
0ccupJt", Fowwa _ GemiaDy Ia bOftb)"
cimatltut:ed. '
.
of C&t't'1IDI out tile provIaIoaa 01 .,. Law tile
Co.ImDI.utQllIa coo.tItuled .. &II IDter-lOftl'Iime.ota!........".' ot the .
Qomtrol Couodl ftNd willi all the ..-q'pInven ad .~17.
. For Ibe
pu:rpcNIe
ABTICuD
ztcbIa. tltIa ~ I D - ' ID reapect 01 l1li)" property outIII4e
Germany,wbleb Ia 0WDed or catitr'Olled by l1li)" ~ ot German
All
...-"117 llllllde ~ .... hereby ....sted ID tbe OWm , .......
•
:.\BftCLB m'
.All righta. UtJa and IDIerf:eI:I ID ietped of l1li)" property out- ,
IIde ~ 'IIOhIdI: .......... or _trolled f:I7 &IIY ~ ot aez.;.
_
aaU-U17 outBIde 0emwIy or by l1li)" branch of l1li)" bwdil_
or COl1JOr'Iltlon or olber lei" .... tll7 ozaaol%ed IUlder Ibe laa 01
GeriDaDy or be¥iD& l1li prIDeIpal place of. bwII.ua ID Germany ....
!lereby' ftNd ID tile CommIaa.....
.
For .tIIe purpGIII! 01 .,. ArtIcle the term ....y ~ 01,
_
lI;atlmllllll7 oUtaIde GermanT' !IbeI1 apply cmIy to a ~
who boa ea)oyed tuIl rf&bt. 01 German dtlzenshlp IIIlder ReIdl
....w lit ..." time Ace 1 September 1N8 ad who bas at IIII)"'~
Ace 1 September 1t139 been wtthtn ..." territory Ib... UDder tbe .
eontrol 01 the Beleh Goftmllleat 1M !IbeI1 DOt apply to ally clthm
ot II1I)I' country umexed or claimed to have been _aed by Get
IIW:IY Ace 3J J;IecemIler tm'.
'
aer
'
_01
A.BTICLB 11'
TIle CommlaloD boa power by unaalmous asreement troin lime
to time to add to Ibe ~ 01
to be atfecled, by
ArtIc1a II and m of .,. Law _
IW\b addItiQll Ia ""toed by
tbe'QmtrolOluncl1'wlthtn 30 de". 01 , ' the OW·
~ .117
fIIiIokID.,
"
~",
The questloll 01 wbelber or not l1li)" """"""",1IoIl !IbeI1 be paid
to ..." penon whoM rf&bt. title or IDI<!ftIt ID l1li)" preper1y .....
been _led ID accordance wlib .,. law wUl be deC!lded' at aueb
'time ...d ID aueb III&DIICI' . . the CaDtroI·Co\Illc:L\ may ID the future
~
,
,It lba11'be ... olIImIe:
'a) For IIII)".~ wboee property is atfec:Ied by
Law
do or to attempt to do l1li)" aet or make l1li)" omIaIIon ID deroptiOll
ot Ibe title or IDIa'eIIt of the OWml"cm IDlder ArtIe1a II .....
thi.
,
. m,or .
',...
'
bl To IIIIIIIat or .......... wtlbllll)" otltlr petMn to dO or to at
~: lIUC!b act or melra aueb omlssIoDS l1li .... spec:IdeI!
:a:::.
AB'nCLB l'D
,nt...:.1
ereto
to
ADy
~ _Illig ...y ~"" ot IbIa Law .ban
to c:rJm1na1 _ t l......
(
be liable
,
AJn'ICLB DO
Au
~,
at
ot IaWII or de<fteIt or
part. tberewtth wbIeh are
Co..tradl,*"", to l1li)" one 01 the pro9IaIoa.t 01 .,. Law ~ ,~, ~
law or'decree I.aued ......... Ibe ~of IbIa Law are bOftby
dec1ared "WI. III1d VQId.
,
provIaIou
Doae at Berlla, 30 October lH11,
P. KOENIG
G6neraI ,de C'ofPI! d'A.rm!Ie
G.·ZHUKOV·'
M.anIIW of tile Soviet UI1IoII
DWIGHT D. BlSENHOWER
Oeneral of the Arrn7
'8. IIONTQOMEBY
L.
, I'\eId IIfanIIW
•
�~[)tL~k-r()1~lW
1 Q'-l7
.
•
VII
CONTROL COUNCIL IN ACTION
",
.
/¥:'J:!
UtuJ·· M5 { _
~ 6[ f\lll1 L
Se.-f}-. ~ J )CfLf?
UttD 1:.
Dc)-. 10 j
I ~ y,::>
The following 'selection of Control Council Laws and Proclamations wili il
lustratethe progress made in the fields of Judicial reform (documents 1,3 and 4),
denazification (2) and demilitarization (5). '
~ ~. nO,.:? '.Cd- 2fj)/1~t
On October' 12, 1946~ the Control Council published directive No.3B which
extends the denazification prinCiples applied by the German courts in the U. S.
. .
zone (reproduced in, Part B, section'XV~, No.2) to all Germany .C8..LtJ VLoLf~ocf~OI'IC11
, And on December 30, 1946, :ehe Control Council enacted Law No. 43 lito prevent
the rearmament of Germany," which re-enforces and amplifies the rules set forth' ,
in the Potsdam Agreement .(IV) and in the "Additional Arrangements for Control of
Germany (VI), bearing also on the "Level of German Industry",Plan,' reproduced as
Document No~. IX. The directive prohibits "the manufacture, import, export, trans
port and storagf:l" of all atomic means 'of warfa~e, .all apparatus !'capable of pro
jecting lethal or destructive projectiles," armored vehicles, range-finding de
vices, warships~ submersible craft and landing equipment, aircraft of all types,
and poison gas. The production of high explosives or chemicals is likewise pro
hibited, but exceptions may be granted by Allied authorities for peaceful indus
trial purposes.
.
On February 20, 1947, the Control Council decreed that the State of Prussia
had ceased to exist de jure (Law N.o. ,44); the same day saw the, abolition of
. Hitler's Nazi Farm Law, (Control Council Law 110. 45) •.
1,
•
Law No.1:
Repealing of Nazi Laws
The Control Counc1l enacts as follows :....
Article I
1.'The following laws of a political or discr.iminatory nature upon which the.
Nazi regime rested ar~ hereby expressly 'repealed, together with all supplementary
and explanatory laws; ordinances and decrees:~
(a) Law concerning the Relief of Distress of the Nation and the Reich (Gesetz
zurBehebung der Not des Volkesw::ld des Reiches of 24 March, 1933, ROB!.
I/4!"
."
'. .
..
. . . . .. '
,
.
. (b) Law for the reconstitution of Officialdom (Gesetz zurWiederherstellung
des Berufsb amtentums) of 7 Apr1l, 1933, RGB1. I/175 •. ' , '
.
.
.
,
(c) Law for the amendment of the Pro~lsions of Criminal Law and 'Procedure'
(Oesetz zur Anderung vonVorschriften des strafrec;hts und des Strafver
fahrens) of 24 April, . 1934, ROBl. I/54!.
.
.
.
(d) Law for the Protection·of NationalSyinbols (Ges~'tz'zUm Schutze der
nationalen Symbole) of 19 May~ 1933, ROB1. I/2B5. '.
(e) Law against the creation of Political Parties (Oesetz gegen di'~ Neu
blldung von Par1'eien) of 14 July, 1933, RGB1. I/479.•
•
(f) Law on Plebiscites (Geseti uber Volksabst1mmung}of 14 July,
. I/479.
.
1~55,
RGB!.
�c,
I
"
"
,
,___
_ .. "
.
,I
!
66
(g) Law tor securing the Unity ot Party and state (Gesetz zur Sicherung der
Einheit von Partei und Staat) ot 1 December, 1933, .RGB1. 1/1016.
'
"
(h) Law concerning insidious' attacks again'\lt the state ,and the 'party and tor
the protection ot the Party Unitormand insignia (Gesetz gegen heim
tuckische Angritte aut Staat und Partei, und tum Schutz der Parteinitorm)'
ot 20 December, 1934, RGB1. 1/1269.
'
'
(j) R,eich Flag,Law
(Reichstlaggengeset~)
ot 15 Sep.tember, 1935, RGB1. 1/1145.
(k) Law tor the protection ot German Blood and German Honour (Gesetz'zum
Schutze, des deutschen Blutesund der deu,tschen ,Ehre) ot 15 September,
1935, RGB1.I/1146.
(1) Reich C~tizenship Law (Reichsburgergesetz) ot 15 September, 1935, RGB1.
1/1146 . '
, ' ,
,,'
, . .
.
,
.
.
,
Law concerning th~ Gestapo (preussisches Gesetz uber die
Geheime Staatspolizei) ot 10, February, 1936, G.S. 21.
(in) Prussian
(n) Hitler Youth Law (Gesetz uber die Hitler jugend) ot 1 December, 1936,
RGB1'. 1/993.
(0) Ordinance
against support tor theqamoutlaging,ot Jewish Businesses
(Verordnung'
Gegen die Unterstutzung der Tarnung JUdischer Gewerbebe
triebe) ot 22 April , 1938, RGB1. 1/404.
' ,
"
"
"
•
.
. .
.'
.~
(p ), Ordinance tor, the reporting ot Property ot Jews (Verordnung, fiber die
, Anmeldung des"Vermogensvon Juden)"ot 26 April, 1938, RGB!. 1/414.
concerning the alteration ot the trade regulations tor the,Reich
'( Gesetz ' zur , Ander~, der Gewerbeordnung tur 'das ,Deutsche Reich) ot 1
July, 1936,,' RGB1. 1/823.
,
(q) Law
'(r) Second Carrying out o~dihance' ot ,the taw concerning the changing ot
". Family Names and Christian Names (Zweite Verordnung zur Durchl'uhrung des
Gesetzes uber die Anderung von Familiennamen und Vornamen) ot 17 August,
, 1938, RGB1. 1/1044.
'
,
, '
, '
'
.
'
(s) Ordinance concerning tlje Passports ,ot Jews (Verordnung uber' Reisepasse
von Juden) ot 5 October, 1938, RGB1. 1/1342.,
' ,
(t) Ordinance tor the elimination ot, Jews trom economic lite (Verordnung zer '
Ausschaltung der Juden aus dem deutschen Wirtschafsleben) ot 12 November,
1938, RGB1.I/1580.,'
' ,
,.,
,',
(u) Police Ordinance concerning the appearance ot Jews, 'in Public (Polizei
verordnung uber das Auttreten der Juden in der Ottentlichke1t) ot 28
,
'
November, , 1938, RGB1. 1/1676.
(w) Police Ordinance concerning, the marking ot, Jews (polizeiverordnung uber
die Kennzeicbnung der Juden)' ot 1 September, 1941, RGB1. 1/547.
.
..
'(x) Ordinance concerning the employment ot Jews (Verordn\ID.S uber die
Beschattigung von Juden)ot 31 October, 1941, RGB1. 1/675.
,
•
, (y) Decree ot,the ,Fuehrer concerning the ,legal ,statusot the NSDAP (Er1ass
das Fuehrers uberdie Rechtsstel1urig der NSDAP) ot 12 December, 1942,
RGB1. 1/733 •
(z) Police Ordinance concerning the identitication' ot male and temale work
ers trom the"East on Reich, Ttrrritory (Polizeiverordnung uber die
�67
Kenntlichmachung der 1m Reich befindlichen ostarveiter und Arbeiterinnen)
of 19 June, 1944, RGB1~ r/147.·
.. .
.
2. The abrogation of the above mentioned laws does 'not revive' any law enacted;
subsequent to 30 January, 1933, which was thereby repealed.
Article. II
N~ German enactment, however or whenever enacted, shall be' applied judicially
or administratively in any, instance where such application would cause injustice
or inequality, either (a) by favoring any p~rson because of his connection with
the National Socialist German Labor Party, its formations, aff11iated associations,
or supervised organiza~ions, or (b) by discr1minating.against any person bi reason
of his race, nationality, religious beliefs, or oPPosition to the National.
Socialist German Labor Party or its doctrines.,·.
Article .III
Any person applying or attempting to apply any law, repealed by this law will
be liable to criminal prosecution •. '
Done at Berlin 20 Deptember 1945
Law No.2:
•
Providing for the Termination and Liquidation
of
the Nazi Organizations
The Control Council enacts as follows:
Article I
1. The National Socialist German Labour Party, its formations,arf11iated
associations and super.vised agencies, including para-military organizations 8J:!.d'
all other Nazi 'institutions established asinstrumen~s of party domination, are
hereby abolished and d.eclared 111egal. ...
2. The Nazi organizations enumerated ,in the. attached Appendix, or which may ..
be added, are 'expressly abolished. [Not printed.]
3. The re-forming of any of:the organizations. named. herein, 'whether under
th:e same or different name', is forbidden. '
,.
Article II
All real estates,equipments" funds, accounts, records and other property of
the org~izations abolished by this law are confiscated. Confiscation is carried
out by Military Commands; general directives concerning the distribution of the
confiscated property are given by the Control'9ouncil.
Article III
Unt11 such time as the property"mentione(.i is actually placed under the con
,trol of the Military Commands all officer.s and otherpersorinel, including ad
'ministrative officIals and others accountable for such property, are held
personally responsible. for taking any action necessary to preserve intact all
•
�",.
I
c
I
_______ I .
•
. -
-
...
...• - - '
. _._ ...... '-'
68
such property and for complying with the orders of the Military' Commands regard
ing, such property_
'"
J
Arti~le
IV
Any person violating any provision of this law shall be liable
prosecution.
~o
criminal
Done at Berlin 10. October, 1945
,.;."
Proclamation No.3:
Fundamental Principles of Judicial Reform '
•
·By.the eliDunation of the Hitler' tyranny by the Allied Powers the terrorist
system of Nazi Courts has peen liquidated. It is necessary to establish a new
democratic judicial system based on the achievements of democracy, civilization
and. justice. The Control Council therefore proclaims ,the following fundamental
principles of Judicial reform which shall be ,applied throughout Germany_
I
Equal!ty before' the Law:"
All persons are equal before the iaw. No person whatever his race, nation
al1ty or rel1gioD:, shall be deprived of his legal r~ghts~
,
II
Guarantees of the Rights of the Accused
..
, 1. No persons shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due
process ot law.
2. Criminal responsibilitysl,l.all be determined only for offences provided by
law.
,
3. Determination bi any' court ot .any crime "by analogy" or by s,o"called
"sound popular instinct," ashel'etofortt provided in ,the German, Criminal C()de! i,s
prohibited.
4. In any criminal prosecution the accused shall have the rights recognized ,
by democratic law; namely the right to a 'speedy and public trial and to be 'in-,
formed otthe nature and cause of the accusation, 'the right' to be coilt'ronted with
",itnesses in his favor and the right to have ,the assistance of counsel for his
defence. Excessive or inhuman punishments or any not provided by law will not be
inflicted.
. '
.
•
5. Sentences on persons unjustly con~icted under the Hitler.Regime on'
political. racial,or religious grounds must be quashed •
�, 69
•
II;!
,
'~
Liquidation o£ Extraordinarl Hitler Courts
, The People's Court, Courts of the NSDAP, and Special Courts are abolished and'
their re-establishment prohibited.
IV
Independence of the Judiciarl
•
,I. Judges w11l be independent from executive oontrol whe,n exercising their
£unctions and owe obedience onll ,to the law.'
2. Access to judicial functions will be open to all who accept democratic
principles without account of their, race, social origin or religion. The pro
motion of judges will b,e based solell on merit- and . legal qualifications'.
.
"
V
,
,
Justice w11l be administered in ,Germanl in aC,cordance with the principles of '
this proclamation bl a, slstem of Ordinarl German Courts.
Done at Berlin 20 October 1945
4
•
Law, No.4:'
Reorganization of, the German Judicial System
November 10, 1945
,The Control Council, in accordance with its proclamation to the German
people, dated 20 October 1945, deciding that the German' judic,ial system must be
reorganized on the basis of the prinCiples of democracl, legalitl and equalitl
before the law of the citizens, without distinction of race, nationalitl or re
ligion, enacts as follows:
'
Article I
Reorganisation of the German courts, will iri principle, take place incon
formitl with the ,Law concerning the Structure of ' the Judiciarl of 27 Januarl 1877,
Edition of 22 March 1924 (RGBI 1/299). The following slstem of ordinarl courts
is to be reestablished: Amtsgerichte, Landgerichte" and Oberlandesgerichte.
Article II
'The Jurisdiction of Amtsgerichte and Landgerichte in civil and criminal
cases will in general be determined in conform! tl with the law in force on 30 ,
Januarl ,1933; however, the civil jurisdiction I.Jf the Amtsgerichte will be extended
to claim of a value not exceeding RM. 2000. '
The Landg&ricpte will have appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the
Amtsgerichte.
'
-The Oberlandesgerichte will have no original jurisdiction but will have
final appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the Landgerichte in civil "
.'
�:,'
•
""
I
70
'cases; they will 'have the right of review on question of law (ReviSion) over de-,
cis,ions ,of Amtsgerichte and Landgerichte in criminal ,cases as provided by law.
Article III
Jurisdiction of German Courts shall extend to all cases'both e1,vil and
criminal with the followIng exceptions:
'
(a) Criminal offenses committed against the ,Allied Occupation, Porces;
_(b) Criminal offenses committed by Nazis ,or any other persons ~gainst citi
zens of ,Allied nations, and their property, as'well as attempts directed towards
.the re-establisbMent of the Nazi regime, and the activIty of the,Nazi organisa
tions;'
"
(c) Criminal' offenses involving military. personnel of Allied Porces or citi
zens of Alli'ed nations;
"
,
(d) Other selected 'civil and criminal cases withdrawn from the Jurisdiction
ot, German Courts, as directed by the Allied Military Command;
'(e) When an offense committed is not of such a nature as,to compromise the
security of the Allied,Porces, the Military Command may leave it to the, jur isdiction of German Courts.
'
Article IV
•
,To effect the reorganization of the judicial 'system, all former members of
, the Nazi Party who have been more than nominal participants in its activities and
all other persons who, directly followed t,he punitive practices of the Hitler
regime must be dismissed from appointments as judges and prosecutors and will not
be'admitted to those appoin~ments.
,'Article V
In carrying out th,is law, it is left, ~o; the dis,cretion of the Military Com
mand gradually to bring the jurisdiction of German ,'courts into' conformity with
thiS law. "
Article VI
This law will come into force from the date of its promulgation.
tary Commanders of ~ones are charged with its execution.
The Mili
Done at Berlin 30 October 1945,
'5
Law No. '34:
Dissolution of' the Webrmacht
•
The'Control Council. in accordance with Proclamation No.2, Section I, para
graph 1, of 20th September 1945, enacts as follows:
Article I
The German War, Ministries: Oberkommando der Wehrmaeht (OKW), Oberkommando
�1426
~'
•
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME
m
740.00119 Control' (Ge~an7)/11-284I5: Tetegrlllll
The Unitd, Statu PoZitical Advi8er for Gerfnam.y (Murphy) to,IM
Secretary of state '
[mrtraCt]
, BERLIN, November 28,1945-8 p. m.
[Receiyed. December 1.,..-2: 18 a~ m.]
1126. (1) Twenty-third meeting of the Coordinating Committee.:
Russian n;tember presiding, W8$ held yesterday and gave rise to acer
tain' acrimony on the questions of restitution and decentralization
of Germa.n economy.'
, , '
"
, (2) Economics Directorate produced ,a report T'I containing on the
one hand a Russian definition of restitution and a US; British and
French'definition on the other. Russian definition, which was es
sentially the same as that brought forward at last COordinating
COmmittee meeting (see 1092 of 'November 24, 6 p. m.u ), was that
restitution is limited to property capable of identification, forcibly
seized and carried away from the territory of the country by the
en~y. .Alternative de~tion ,was ,that res~tution will be 1imi~
to lden!ffiable goods' which exIsted at the time of the occupa.ti~
, and which were taken out of the country by the enemy, whatever the
. mea.ns of disp~on; it would also include identifiable goods pro
duced during the occupation acquired by th~ enemy by force. Frenoo.
member pointed out that ,in this latter respect the alternative defini
tiOI~ was narrower .than the Declaration of January 5, 1943,111 which
envis~g~d restitution of good~ sold to the ene~~ wi~h th~ consent ~f
the VIctIm country and/or pomted to the concihatory attitude of his
delegation, ~ 'accepting this narrower in,terpretati0!l' He, referred',
to the POSItiOns taken at·the current Pans ReparatIOns Conference"
by t~e US, Britis~ ~nd French represen~ves. This provo~ed a
question by the BrltIsh member as to which body would furnISh a
definition. and he stated his understanding that responsibility in this
regard rested with theC?ntrol Council. ,'..
.
_ ,,
General Olay emphasIZed the :urgent need of reaching a definition
and pointed out -that the intent of the present discussion was mainly
to set a limit on restitution and that pro~s could later be made
,with respect to procedure, He suggested a compromise along the
following lines:
, "ftestit:utionwill be,limited in the first, instanc~to identifiable ~
whIch eXIsted at the tIme of the occupatIon of tHe country and which
n The paper referred to, designated CORC/P (45) 167, actually emanated
from the Reparations, Deliveries, and Restitution Directorate.
"Extracts of this telegram, dealing with a different aspect of theGermu
~t,nllt.lnn, !ll'~ n,.'nt~r1
on n,
~1J.
'
'
•
j>/~'1'K (h
N()! .
GERMANY
:;> VI
.....- , ,
q 1427
,q~
were taken out of the country, by the enemy through use of force.
' ,Also falling under measures of restitution are identifiable goods pro
' duced during the occupation and 'Yhose acquisition was a.ccompa.ru..
ed
by an act of force. All other artIcles removed by the enemy which,'
existed at the time of occupation are eligible for restitution to the
extent Consistent
left Germany." , with reparations and tlie minimum economy to be
French member pointed out French public opinion could not ac
cept the leaving of certain important looted articles to the remaining
Gennan minimum economy, but he stated he would seek his Govt's
' views on General Clay's suggestion for presentation, the next meet
ing. Russian member likewise requested time for consideration.
British member expressed sympathy with French pOsition and nien
tioned .
' he would accept whatever definition is agreeable to the French.
,
, .
MURPHY
DePartlnent of the Army :nles :.~ele
'
Tlts Joint Ohiefs of stdil t;;;
, ",
.'
, '
,,
.
,
eneral Olark and GenerallJ[eNarne 10
W'
y ,
Warx 85965, 1. This directive 81 A8~GTON, 29 November 1945.
a.nd Navy Departments, is issu d ~ receIved from the State War
Zo~e of Occupation, Austria e G you as. Commander in Chief,
Allied Council, Austria (Germ ( ,any) and U.S. Member of the
y~u ~ilI .seek to obtain a any..
."
~ppli~ation 1II the other zon~ement 1II. the Control Council to the
m t~s direc~ive. If, in yo': .ocdgmcupatIon,of the policies laid down
obt~m quadrIpartite agreem t JU
~nt, It appears impossible to
a tnpart;ite agreement applic~l~:r;u will explore the possibilities of
approprIate recommendations to th the ~e ~estern zones and make'
You will proceed with the a Ii e.Jomt ~Iefs, of Staff,
zone,even 1?rior to agreement,PPro~tIon of this directive in your Own
property defuied in ParagraphsP2 dad., how~ver, that restitution of
~e return of such property is cert~:'~2 d wIll be eRected only when
~ of the claimant country to be ur
y the appropriate representa_
ntly reqUlr~ for the rehabilita
lion and reconstruction of his co
delayed on the, ground that'I't un ryb·' The .restitution sha1I not. be
- '
,"
ems su lect to
t't.
-Gen.Jo
'
res I ution are needed
u.s.
r
<'Almmandin;e~~nT. MlcNarney had sUCCeededGe
D.'
,
era, United States For
n. wight D. Eisenhow
r.o.Fc11, G:r:::~ for Germany, and Unfte~~~t~~o:~b;rh~t~, United S~t::
A draft ot tbls directi
,0
e Allfed Control
War-Navy Coordinatin ve ba~ been approved by into'
I ',
31412; concern!,,!!, !'iW,,~~~~.mltt~e on :-.'ovember HI ~! "a,,:~I.?,n. ?,t ,the State
IWJtary G
t.
4-uotyia-A
.~ ..
'.,
�1428
.OREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME
m
., to meet the military or civilian requirements in any zone of occupa.
tion provided that in the case of transportation equipment restitution
may be so phaSoo as not to reduce available tranSportation below that
required' for military deployment and for PUl"poSes of the occupation,
including the removal of industrial plant and equipment for
. reparation.'
,
ITEMS SuBJECT TO REsTITuTIoN .
2. Without prejudicie to the formulation of a definitive restitution
program,the following categories of property shall; as an interim
measure, be subject.to restitution in accordance with the proVisions
of this directive:
a. All currencies of'the United Nations occupied by GerIIlanYi "
o.
Works of art and cultural works of either religious, artistic,
documentar;y, scholastic or historic value including, as wellas'rec-.
. ognized works of art, such objects as rare musical instruments, books
and manuscripts, scientific documents of an historic or cultural nature
and all objects usually foluid in museums, collections, libraries, and
historic archives, identified as having been looted or acquired in any
way through commercial transactions or otherwise by Germans from
United Nation countries .during German occuj>ation;
"
c. Heavy and power-driven industrial and agricultural machinery
and equipment, rolling stock, locomotives,.barges and other trans
portatlOn equipment (other than sea-going vessels) and communi
cation and power equipment 'identified as having been looted or
acquired in any way by Germans from United Nations during German
occupation;'
.
d. Other goods, valuables (excluding gold, securities, and foreign
, cu~ncies ot~er than those mentioned In Paragr!i'ph 2 a) 'IIlaterials,
e<J;Ulpment, lIvestock and other property found in storage or other
WlSein bulk form and identified as having been looted or acquired
in any way .by Germans from United Nations during German
occupation;
.
e. In the c<'tse of property mentioned in c and d above which WRS
'produced durin~ the period of occupation, restitution shall be made
only if the clannant government submits adequate proof that the
property in question was acquired by Germany through~ an act of
force.
PROCEDURES FOR
RESTITUTION
3. Your government will transmitto you from the governmentsof ,
the USSR,. France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Demnark, Poland, .Czechoslovakia,. Yugoslavia and Greece lists of
property claimed to have been taken from their countries during the,
period 'of German invasion or occupation. Such lists will include
wherever possible all relevant information which will aid in the identi-..
fication and location of such property.
4. After examination of these lists you win indicate to your gov
ernment which of these count,nes should be invited to send missions
•
GE~
•
,1429
into your zone for the purpose of (a) substantiating claims for the
restitution.of property mentioned in paragraphs 2 a and d, (0). re
ceiving information regarding the location of property which has'
been the subject of restitution claims by their government (c) identify_
ing andreeeiving any such property to be restored or distributed in
accordance with the provisions of this directive. You will recommend
appropriate time 'and the size of the mission. . After approval, details
can be arranged by the respective governmen~ direct with you as
connnander in chief of the United States Zone. You Win furniSh such
missions facilities necessary to the proper discharge of their functions
in your zone.
. 5, You will take steps to deliver all paper CUrrency of United
Nation countries invaded or occupied by Germany, now in your zone,
to the government of the country of issue without the necessity of
proof that it was looted or otherWise acquired from that country "
.
. during the period o~ German invasion or occupation. .
. 6. You will take steps in your zoneto uncover and secure possession
of property covered by paragraphs 2 0, 2 c and 2 d, mentioned in
lists submitted by claimant governments, and to restore such prop
erty to the government of the country from which it was taken.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
7. You will require the claimant governments to give receipts for
items received by them in accordance with the provisions of the di
. rective. These receipts shall contain a brief description of the item'
re'ceived and its condition, a:nd a waiver of any further claim as repa
ration or otherwise, based ,upon the removal of the item concerned by.
the
Ji Germans or the exaction of funds used oy the Germans to pay for _
'.
.
8. You \Till keep a complete record of items returneq or distributed
in accordanCe with theprovi~ions of this directive; and you will sub
mit to the Contx:ol Council and your government monthly reports on
'" the progress of the restitution program.
9.The cost of administering this program of restitution shall be
counted'as part of the costs of occupation.
.
10. Any property subject to restitution uncovered in Aust!ia and .'
subsequently removed 'to Germany' shall: be regarded as uncovered
• in Germany.
,
11. After final determination of the amount and character of repa
rations removals, to be made by2 February 1946, there should be no
restitution on any items of equipment of key importance to plants
retained in Germany as essential- to minimum peacetime. economy.
�_. Mol born
214
•
)'-17
AMERICAN, MILITARY GOVERNMENT
, distribution of essential commodities, subject to the approval and review of the
Supreme Commander in order to assure their conformity with the objectives of
the ocCupation.
.
4. ReparaJions and Restitution-a. Reparations-Reparations for Japanes~
aggression shall be made:
. ' ,
(1) Through the transfer-as may be determif!ed by the appropriate Allied
authorities-of Japanese property located outside of the territories to be retaineq
by Japan.
,
,
(2) Through the transfer of such goods or existing capital equipment and
facilities as are not necessary .for a· peaceful Japanese economy or the supplying
'of the occupying forces. Exports other than those directed to be shipped on
reparation account Or. as restitution may be made only to those recipients who
agree to provide necessary imports in exchange or agree to 'pay for such exports
in foreign exchange. No (orm of reparation shall be exacted which will inter
, fere with ,or prejudice the program for Japan's demilitarization.
.b. Restitution-Full and prompt restitutiOn will be required of all identifiable
."
.
, looted property.
:5. Fiscal, Monetary, and. Banking Policiei-.:.-The Japanese authorities will.
remain responsible for the, management and direction of the domestic fiscal,
monetary, and credit policies subject to the approval and review of the Supreme
Commander.
6. inlemaJional Trade' and Financial, Relations-Japan shall be permitted
eveQtually to resume normal trade relations with the rest of the world. During
occup~tion and under, suitable controls, Japan will be permitted to purchase
from foreign countries raw materials and other goods that it may need for
peaceful purposes, and to export goods to pay for approved imports.
cOntrol is to be maintained' over alliinports and exports of goods, and
foreign exchange and financial transactions. Both the policies followed in the
eXercise of these controls and ,their" actual administration shall be subject to the
approval and supervision of the Supreme Commander in. order to make sure
that they are not contrary to the policies of the occupying authorities, and in
particular that all foreign purchasing power that Japan may acquire is utilized
only for essential needs. .
7. Japanese Property Located Abroad-Existing Japanese,external assets and
exi.sting Japanese assets located in territories detached from Japan under the
terms ,of -surrender, including assets owned in whole or part by the Imperial
Household and Government, shall be revealed to the occupying authorities and
held for disposition according to the decision of the Allied authorities.
8. Equality ot Opportunity tor Foreign Enterprise within Japan-The Jap
anese authorities shall not give, or permit any Japanese business 'organiz!ition
to give, exclusive or preferential opportunity or terms to the enterprise of any
foreign country, or cede to such enterprise control of any important branch of
economiC activity:
9. imperial Household Property-Imperial Household property shall not be
exempted from any action necessary to carry out the objectives of the occupation.
~,I2-, l~
APPENDIX
215
XVI
STATEMENT ON AMERICAN ECONOMIC POLICY
TOWARD GERMANY
December 12, 1945;1 ..
A. STATEMENT BY TIlE SECRETARY OF STATE
,
,The Departmet:tt of State has formulated a statement of its economic policy
toward Germany for the guidance of the United States occupying authorities.
and has transmitted that statement to the War Department. and to the Govern
ments of the other occupying powers.· The fundamenal' policy was, of course,
laid down at Potsdam. The purpose of this statement is to make clear the
American conception of the meaning of the. Potsdam Declaration as it bears on
present and impending economic issues in Germany.
' ,
The position of Germany in the/resent world picture must be looked at,
broadly against the whole backgroun of recent history. For six years Germany
has' ruthlessly imposed war and destruction on Europe and the world. The
Nazis who ruled there for more than: a decade are now defeated, discredited
and have been or are being rooted from positions of .power. The .final stages
of war caused vast movements of Germans within their own country, and
peace has permitted the return to their homes of millions of foreign laborers
who had been enslaved in German mines and factories. The insistence of the
Nazis on continuing the war to the bitter end caused enormous destruction to
German cities, transport facilities and other capital of the country. These are
the basic reasons for the present position of Germany, It position for which the
Germans themselves are primarily responsible. German industrial production
will for some time be low and her people ill-fed even if there were no occupa
tion and no reparations program.
'.
The Potsdam Declaration involves three stages in the return of Germany to .
, normal.economic conditions. The first covers ·the German economy from the
surrender of the armed forces, last May, to at least the end of the present winter.
In this interval our broad purposes are to ensure that our policy in Germany
makes the maximum possible contribution to recovery in areas recently liberated
from Germany and,positively, to set up a st'ructure that' will provide for the
'future recovery of Germany in 'conformity with the principles agreed to at
Potsdam,
: .
Within these broad objectives four prinCipal immediate aims are these:
First, to increase to the greatest possible ext;ent the export of coal from Ger
, many to liberated areas .. The rate of economic'recovery in Europe depends upon
the coal supplies available over this winter; and it is our intention to maintain '
the policy of hastening the recovery .of liberated areas, even at the cost, of
delaying recovery in Germany.
.
. .'
Second, to use the months before .spring toset up and to set into motion, in
, conjunction with our Allies, the machinery necessary to execute the reparations
and disarmament programs laid down and agreed at Potsdam. A considerable
part of the statement just issued is directed to making dear the technical basis
on which we believe the reparations calculation should be made. This calcula
tion, which requires definition of the initial postwar German.economy, must be.
completed before February 2, 1946 ..
'Released to the press December 12. Department of State: BulleliT1, Vol. XIII (194~),
pp. 960·96~.
'
�216
•
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
. Third, to set up German administrative agencies which would operate. tinder
dose policy control of the occupying authorities in the fields of finance, trans
port, communications, foreign trade, and iqdustry. Such agencies, explicitly
required by the terms of the Potsdam agreement, must operate if Germany is to
be treated as an economic unit and if we are to move forward to German
recovery and to the eventual termination of military occupation.
Fourth, to prevent mass starvation in Germany. Throughout Europe there
are many areas where the level of diet is at or dose to starvation. In: terms of
world supply and of food shipments from the United States, liberated areas
must enjoy a higher priority than Germany throughout this first post-war.winter.
The United States policy, in collaboration with its Allies, is to see that ~ufficient
food is available in Germany to avoid mass starvation. At the moment the
calory level for the normal German consumer has been established at 1,550 per
day. This requires substantial imports of foodstuffs into Germany, especially
of wheat; and for its own zones of Germany and Berlin the United States is
now importing wheat to achieve this level. The bulk of the German population
has been eating more than 1,550 calories daily, either because they can supple
ment the ration from foodstuffs available in the countryside, or because their
work justifies a ration level higher than that of .the normal consumer, as in the
case of coal miners. In the major cities, and especially Berlin, however, a food
problem exists and iSj' articularly severe during the winter months. Qne thou
sand, five hundred an fifty calories is .not sufficient to sustain in health· a popu
lation over a long period of time, but as a basic level for the normal consumer
it should prevent mass starvation in Germany this winter. If a higher level
for the normal consumer is judged to be required and if it is justified by food
standards in liberated areas, the ration level in _Germany may be raised by
agreement among the four occupying powers.
In short, this will he an exceedingly hard 'winter for Germany, alt~ough only
slightly more difficult than for certain of the liberated areas. A softening of
American policy toward the feeding of German civilians and toward the alloca
tion of coal exports from Germany, while it would ease the difficult task of the
four occupying authorities, could largely be at the expense of the liberated areas.
We are, however, constructively preparing for the second stage in German
economic policy, which should begin some time. next spririg.
.
In this second, stage; it is envisaged that Germany will gradually recover.
Simultaneously with the removal of plants under reparation, plants will be ear
marked for retention; and as fuel and raw materials become available, German
. industry which is permitted to remain will be gradually reactivated and the
broken transport system revived. Although coal exports from Germany will
, continue, the probable expansion in coal output should permit larger allocations
. in coal to the German economy, after the end of the winter. German industrial
production· will then increase and Geiman exports should begin to approach a
level where they can finance necessary imports and gradually repay the occupying
. forces for their outlays in the present emergency period.
The third stage of economic development will follow after the period of repa
ration removals, which under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration must be com
pleted by February 2; 1948. The resources left to Germany at that time will be
available to promote improvement of the German standard of living to' a level
equal to that of the rest of continental Europe other than the Soviet Union and
the United Kingdom: Housing and transport will recover more rapidly than
,1
I
I
_:;
APPENDIX
•
.",=-~-",-L:_ '~-
__ 1.-w"'::'-'="';';""':-
217
in the previous stages of economic development. In general, the German people
will during this period recover control over their economy subject to such re
sidual limitations as the 'occupying powers decide to impose. These limitations,
which will be determined by agreement among the occupying powers, should,
in the opinion of this Government, be designed solely to prevent German re
armament and not, to restrict or reduce the German standard of living. .
In all these stages it must be borne in mind that the present occupying powers,
as well as many other nations, have suffered severely from German aggression,
have played a large role in the German defeat and have an enduring interest in
the, postwar settlement of Germany, The settlement agreed at Potsdam requires
the shifting of boundaries in the East and the movement of several 'million
Germans from other countries~ That settlement also requires, in the interests
of European rehabilitation and security, the removal from Germany of a large
part of the industrial warmaking capacity which never served the German
civilian, but which, from 1933 ~n, served to prepare for war and to make war,
.
In the words of the Potsdam Declaration:
"It is not the intention of the Allies to destroy or enslave theGerman people.
It'is the intention of the' Allies that the German people be given the opportunity
to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and
peaceful basis. If,their own efforts are steadily directed to~is end, it will be
possible for them in due course to take their pla~e among the free and peaceful
peoples of thew,orId."
;1
'.
'~
B,' STATE DEPARTMENT STATEMENT ON REPARATIONS SETnEMENT
. AND PEACETIME ECONOMY 'OF GERMANY
(I) The determination of the amount .andcharacter of industrial capital
equipment unnecessary, for the German peacetime economy which is to be made
by.the Allied Control Council prior to February 2, 1946, has the-limited pur
poses of eliminating the existing German war potential and deciding the volume
· of available reparation from the three western zones of occupation.
(a) The task of the ,Allied Control Council is to eliminate German industrial
· capacity to produce finished arms, ammunition, implements of war, aircraft and
sea-going ships, eith~r by 'removing such capacity as reparation or by destroying
it" and to effectuate a drastic reduction in the capacities of the metallurgical"
machinery and chemical 2 industries. 'Pte present determination, Qowever, is
not designed to impose permanent limitations on the German economy. The
volume of permitted industrial production of a peacetime character will be
· subject to constant review after February 2, 1946; and final Allied decisions
regarding restrictions to be maintained on German industrial capacity and pro
duction will not be made until the framing of the peace settlement with Germany.
(b) While reparation removals will undoubtedly retard Germany's economic
recovery, the United States intends, ultimately, in cooperation with its Allies,
to permit the Genrian people under a peaceful democratic government of their
2The phrases "machine industry" and "machine manufacturing industry" in the Berlin'
Declaration should be interpreted broadly. The parallel· language from l.C.S, 1067
covers machine· tool, automotive, and radio and electrical industries. It is suggested that
the phrases should be interpreted to cover ':metal-working industry," or, in British
terminology, heavy and light engineering. The words "chemical industry" should be
interpreted to include particularly that part of the industry which is devoted. or c~n be
· readily converted. to war production, and to exclu'de potash and salt industries. which
should be includl!d with "xtr?rt;v.. :n,l",";~r
;..-~.::-;:;
�218
•
AMERICAN ,MILITARY GOVERNMENT
own choice to develop their own resources and to work toward a higher standard
of living subjeCt only to such restrictions designed to prevent' production of
armaments as may be laid down in the peace settlement. '
(2) It is in the interest of the United States to abide strictly by the terms of
the Berlin Declaration which 'imposes a severe reparation obligation on Germany
in order t o : '
'
,(a) weaken dfectively the economic base from whieh,war industry could be
derived until a peaceful democratic Government is firmly established in
Germany;
,
. ,
(b) provide. material assistance to United Nations countries which have
suffered from Nazi aggression and which now face tasks of rehabilitation and
reconstruction from the damage of war;
, ,
(c) insure that, in the recovery from economic chaos left by war in Europe,
'the aggressor nation, Germany, shall not reconstitute a peacetime standard of
living at an earlier date than the countries ravaged by German arms.
(3) The security interest of the United States and its Allies requires the de
struction in Germany of such industrial capital equipment as cannot be removed
as reparation and as can only be used for the production .of armaments or of
metallurgical, machinery or chemical products in excess of the peacetime needs
of the German economy. It is not, however,the intention of the United States
wantonly to destroy German structures and installations which can readily be
used for permitted peacetime industrial activities or for temporary shelter. If
will evidently be necessary to destroy specialized installations and structlJres used
in shipbuilding, aircraft, armaments, explosives and certain chemicals which
cannot be removed as reparation. Non-specialized installations and structures
in the same, fields may have to be destroyed in substantial part, if not desired as
reparation, in cases of integrated industrial complexes the layout of which is
such as substantially to facilitate reconversion from peacetime to war purposes
at some later date. Finally, in removing equipment from plants declared avail
able for reparation, no consideration shou.ld be given to withholding portions
of the equipment desired by a reparation recipient in order to retain remaining
installations and structures in more effective condition for peacetime uses.
Within these limits, however, the reparation and securitf policies of the United
States are not designed to result in punitive destruc;tion of capital equipment
of value to the German-peacetime economy.
( 4) For the purpose of determining the industrial capacity of the peacetime
German economy, .thus eliminating its war potential-the real basis on which
the amount and character of reparation removals are to be calculated-it should
be assumed that the geographical limits of Germany are those in conformity
with provisions of the Berlin Declaration, i.e., those of the Altreich less the
territory east of the Oder-Neisse line.
(5) The Berlin Declaration furnishes as a guide to removals of industrial
equipment as reparation the concept of a 'balanced peacetime German economy
capable of providing the German people with a standard of living not in excess
of the European average' (excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics ). In the view of the Department of State the Berlin
Declaration is not intended to force a reduction in German living standards
except as such reduction is required to enable Germany to meet her reparation
payments. In effect, the Berlin Declaration merely provides that Germany's
obligaticlO to make reparation for the war damage which her aggression caused
•
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APPENDIX
219,
to other countries. should not be reduced in order to enable Germany to main- "
tain a standard of living above the European average. The Dep'artment of State
further interprets the standard-of-living criterion to refer to the year 'imme
diately following the two-year period of reparation removals. For the purpose
' of meeting this requir~ment, German industrial capadty after reparation re
movals should be physically capable of producing a standard of livingequ~valent
to the European average in, say, 1948. Given the' difficult problems of ad
ministration and economic ,organization which the German peacetime economy
will still face in 1948, it may be doubted ~at industrial equipment remaining
in Germany at that time will in fact produce at full capacity, so that the standard·
of living realized in Germany is likely for some time to fall short of the .
,,'
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,:
European average.
,(6) It may be assumed that the European standard 'of living in 1948 would
approximate the average standard of living over the period 1930-38. If thiS
assumption be adopted, the German standard of living chosen as a basis for esti
, mating the industrial capital equipment to remain in Germany .!=ould be arrived
. at by use of German consumption data in a year in which the German standard
' of living, as measured by national income indices, most closely approximated
the 1930-38 average in Europe. The German consumption standard. in the year
selected should be subject to adjustments upwards or downwards to compensate
for any over-all difference between, the German standard in the year selected
and the European average. Past consumption records defined as suggested above
are meant only asa general :guide_ They' would require the following further
adjustments:
'
,(a) Provision for change in population between year selected and 1948.
(b) Adjustment to allow: for notable deviations in pattern of German, cori
sumption in selected year from normal pattern.
,
(c) Allowance to enable the German people to make good, at reasonable
rates of reconstruction, the wide-spread damage to buildings in Germany, and
to the transport system as scaled· down to meet ~e requirements of the German
peacetime economy. It is suggested that sufficient additional resources beyond
those required to provide the adjusted output of the selected year should be
left to overcome the building shortage in twenty years and to effect repairs to
structures on rail and road transport systems over five years.
(d) Sufficient resources should be left to Germany to enable that country,
. after completion of industrial removals and reactivation of remaining resources,
to, exist without external assistance. This topic is more fully treated below.
(7) In planning the peacetime German economy, the interests of the United
States are confined to the industrial disarmament of 'Germany and to the pro
vision of a balanced economic position at the standard of living indicated. 'The
United States does not seek to eliminate or weaken German industries of a
peaceful character, in which Germany has produced effectively for world markets,
for the purpose of protecting American markets from German goods, aiding
American exports, or for any other selfish advantage. Similarly the United
States is opposed to the. attempt· of any other country to use the industrial'dis
armament plan of the_ Berlin Declaration to its Own commercial ends at- the
expense of a peacetime German economy. It is our desire to see Germany's
economy geared to a world system and not an autarchical system.
'(8) In determining the volume of removals for reparation purposes, the
United States should not approve removals on such a scale that Germ:>nv w..,,,lri
�220
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APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
be unable, owing toa shortage of capital equipment, to export goods in sufficient
quantities to pay. for essential imports. Thus capacity should be left to enable
Germany to produce for export goods which yield ,enough foreign exchange
to pay for the imports required for a standard of living equal to the average in
~urope, excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. In this connection, the following points should be stressed:
(a) In determining the amount of capital equipment to be retained in Ger- "
many, provision need be made for capacity to produce exports sufficient to pay
for estimated current imports. No allowance should be made in German export
industry to provide capacity to pay for externally incurred occupation costs;
including imports. of goods consumed by forces of occupation, and troop pay
.'
not expended in Germany.
(b) The provision in the Berlin Declaration which stipulates that in or
ganizing the German economy "primary emphasis shall be given to the develop
ment of agricultural and peaceful domestic industries" requires that the maxi
mum possible provision be made for exports from sources other than the metal,
machinery, and chemical industries.
.
(c) It is implicitly recognized in the Berlin Declaration that the policy of
industrial capita! equipment re~ovals .and th~ restfi~i<>.n of- e:cports in. the .fields
of metals, machmery and chemicals Will require countnes yrhIch 1'!ave previously
d~pended o~ G rmanyas a S?urce ?f these li-oduct.s ~o ~btain ,.the~ elsewhere.
7
Since capacity In the metal, machmery an chemIcal IOdustnes 10 excess of
German peacetime needs, is to be transferred to countries entitled to receive
reparation from Germany, it is expected that the industrial capacity lost in'
Germany will ,after, an interval be res:overed in large part elsewhere in the
world, and for the most part in Europe. But it should be borne in mind that
the industry removed from Germany will in the main replace industry destroyed
by the Germans and will not be sufficient to meet the prewar der:nand. It should.
be emphasized, however, that any effort toward industrial recovery in Germany
must not be permitted to retard reconstruction in European countries which
,have suffered frorri German aggression.
'
.
, (d) In determining the amount of capacity required to strike an export
import balance, the United States and other occupying powers cannot, in fact ~
guarantee that the export-import balance will ~e achieved., Their responsibilitY
is only to provide reasonable opportunity for the attainment of balance at, the
agreed minimum level of standard of living; In fixing the amount of in4ustrial
capacity necessary for export, the provision of margins -of safety is unnecessary
if Germany's export potential is estimated on a reasonable basis. It should be
noted that, if resources are left to enable Germany to make good her war damage
and depreciation in housing and transport over certain numbers of years as
suggested in paragraph 5 (d), extension of the period in which such deficits
are liquidated would in case of need make some 'additional capacity available
for production of export goods.
(9) The necessity which devolves upon the United States and other occupy
ing powers to, finance imports into Germany ana possibly to pay for such im·
ports in the next few years does not arise in the first instance from the policy
of reparation removals agreed upon at Potsdam. The German economy was .
brought virtually to a s,tandstill by Germany's defeat, which produced an almost
complete breakdown of transport, economic organization, administration, and
direction. If no removals of industrial capital equipment were attempted, Ger
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221
many would still require United Nations aid in ~nancing and possibly in pay
ing for minimum imports necessary to prevent disease and unrest. Even after
substantial capital removals have been completed, it is doubtful that the German
economy can operate for some time up to the limits of remaining industrial
capacity, due to the limited availa~ility of fuel, food, raw materials, and the
slow progress which can be made in filling the gap . left by the Nazis in the
economic and political organization of Germany. It is possible, and even likely,
that the physical transport of reparation removals will limit transport capacity
available for recovery of the German economy and for the expansion of exports.
It is in this respect only, however, that the reparation policy laid down in the
Berlin Declaration may require the United Nations to finance German imports
for a longer period, or to pay for them in greater degree, than if no provision
for reparation from Germany had been made.'
.
'
( 10) During the next two years the United States and other occupying powers
must finance minimUm essential imports into Germany to the extent that ex
ports from stocks arid current production do not suffice to cover the cost of such
imports. Since the Berlin Declaration makes no provision with respect: to the
German standard of living in the period of occupation, the occupymg powers
are not obliged to provide imports sufficient for the attainment in Germany of
a'standard of living equal. to the European average. The present ,standard, of
supply in Germany, so far as the United States is concerned, is still governed
by the "disease and unrest" formula. Under, the conditions set forth in para
graph 9, it will prove'desirable to extend the type and volume of imports into'
Germany not only beCause of our intere$t in avoiding disease and unrest en
dangering our occupying forces but also because of our interest in reactivating
. selected German export ,industries whiCh would yield a volume of foreign ex
change, and as far as possible to repay the past outlays of the, occupying powers
on imports. If, when the time comes for the, conclusion of a peace treaty with
Germany, there remains a .backlog of unpaid imports, the occupying powers
will have to decide whether or not to impose on Germany an obligation to pay
off the accumulated deficit.
..
'
(11) For the immediate future, and certainly until next spring, military
government authorities should concentrate on the repair of transport, emergency
repair of housing and essential utilities, and the maximization ,of coal and agri
cultural production. Some coal will of course be, required in Germany to' effect
the minimum repairs' of transport; housing, and utilities called for in existing
,directives. As long as coal and raw materials remain in short supply in Europe,
however, it is United States policy to make them available in maximum quanti
.
ties for the revival of industrial output in liberated areas.'
The maximization of, coal exports in accordance with existing directives will
make it impossible to allocate within Germany- coal sufficient to attain a sig
nificant volume of industrial production and over the coming winter it will
limit activity even in ,fields directly related to repair of transport, housing and
utilities and to agriculture.
If and when the coal crisis in Europe is surmounted-perhaps by next spring
-it will be possible to review the situation and ascertain whether larger amounts
of German coal can be allocated for essential industrial production in Germany,
and in particular for the selective reactivation of German export industries. The
possibilities'in this direction will depend not only on the satisfaction of coal
requirements in liberated areas, but also on the ~W"P~. nf ..... ;I;.~~. ~~ .• ~-- ,..
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AMERICAN MILITARY. GPVERNMENT
222
authorities in raising German coal output and restoring th~ German transport.
system.
, Meanwhile, military government authorities should survey the fuel and 'raw.
. ,material requirements of German industries capable of supplying essential civil·
, ian goods and of manufacturing for export· so that, as soon as coal and raw
materials can. be made available, a program for selective reactivation of remain·
ingindustrial capacity in Germany can get underway. In formulating this pro·
'gram, attemp.t must be made to give priority to industries which. in relation to
expenditures of fuel and raw materiarswill contribute most toward striking an
ultimate export.import balance in Germany, as well ,as to the satisfaction of
,the mo~ pressing internal requirements of the.German economy.
, ,(12). The role of the occupying authorities in the process of German revival
should, in general, be that of ,providing and setting the conditions within which
the Germans theinselves assume resp~)Qsibmty for the performance of the Ger
man economy. To this end, the occupying authorities should ,devote ,primary ,
attention :in 'planning revival to the. development of German administr;ttive
machinery, riot, only, in the ·fieldsof intrazonalproduction and trade but, in
interzonal and international trade, and in the application of common policies
in transport, agricuiture,bantcing, currency, taxation, etc.
, As one ,asp~ of this proces~, denazification should be satisfactorily completed
during the presen~period. For the rest, great importance attaches, to the con·
, cilision within the Allied Control Council of agreements governing policies to
, be followed in various aspects of the German economy enumerated and devising
,'
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interzonal German machinery for their application. ' .
.
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the'm~ing~hich took place in M6s~ow from December 16 to December
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j
FAR EASTERN COMMISSION AND ALLIED COUNCIL FOR JAPAN
A. FAR EASTERN COMMISSION
,_,
Agreemettt ,was reached, 'with the, concurrence, of China, for the establishment ,
of a Far Eastern Commission to take the place of the, Far' Eastern Advisory
Commission. The Terms of Reference for the Far Eastern Commission are as
.follows:,'
'
\
I
IV. Other Methods of Consultation
'The establishment'- of the Commission shall not preclude the use of other
methods of consultation on Far Eastern issues by the participating Governments.
c '
,I. Esiablishment of the Commission' .
, A Far Eastem CommisSion is hereby established composed 'of the representa.
tives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States, "
China, France, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, 'New Zealand,' India, and the
Philippine Commonwealth.
'
'Only Sections II and III are reprinted here. Fot' full text see' Department of State,
BtllI"i", Vol. XIll(194,). pp. 1027-32.
III. FunUio'ns of the 'United States Government
The United Stat~s, Government. shall prepare directives' inaccord~ce with '
policy decisions .of the Commission. and shall transmit them to the Supreme
,Commander through the appropriate UnitedStates Government agency. The
Supreme Commander:s.hall be·charged.with the implementation of the directives
which, express the policy decisions, of the Commission.
" 2. If the Commission de~ides that any directive or actiOn, reviewed in accord- '
, anee with Article II·A-2 should be modified, its decision shall be regarded as
, a policy decision. . "
.'
,
'. , • ' .
.
3. The United 'States GovernIl1ent may: issue inteiim directives to the Supreme
Commander pending action by the Commission whenever urgent matters arise
not covered by policies already formulated by the,Coinmission;provided that
any directives dealing with,fundamental changes in the Japanese constitUtional
structure of in the regime of control, or dealing with a change in the Japanese
Government as a whole will be issued only following consultation and following
, the attainment of agreement in the Far Eastern Commission.
, 4. All directives issued shall be filed with the' Cci~ission.
1:
26, 194~ of the Ministers of F~reign Affairs of the, Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, the UqitedStates of Amerka and,the United KingdOn), agreement
was reached on the following questions:
.II;
223
will
XVII
At
APPENDIX
•
II. Functions
, A.The functions of the Far Eastern Commission shall be:
1. To:formulate the policies, principles, and standards in conformity with
which- the fuI1illment by Jap?,Jl of its obligations under the Terms of Surren··
der may be accomplished.
2. To review, on the request of my member, any directive' issued to the
Supreme Commander for.the Allied Powe~s or any action :taken by the Supreme
Commander involving policy decisions within the, jurisdiction of the Com- . "
mission. '
'
-3. To consider such other matters as may be assigned to it by agreement
among. the participating, Govemme.nts reached in 'accordance· with the voting -"
procc;dure provided for in Article V-2 hereunde~.,
'.
'
B.. The Commission' shall not matce recommendations with regard to the con·
d~ct of military operati9ns nor with. regard to territorial. adjustments.
."
C. The Commission in its act,ivitic;s
proceed from the fact that there ha,s "
been formed an Allied Council for Japan and will respect existing control'
, machinery in Japan, including the chain of command from the United States
,', Goverrunent to·the Supreme Commander and the'Supreme Commander's, com
mand of Occupation forces. '
, .'
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MOSCOW. COMMuNIQUE OF DECEMBER 2.7, 1945 1 ,
,
V. Composition
1. The Far Eastern Commission shalleonsist of one' representative of.each of
~e States party to this agreement .. The membership of the Commission may
be increasea by agreement among the partiCipating Powers as conditions warrant
by the addition of representatives of other United Nations in the Far East or
having territories therein. The Commission shall provide for full and adequate
consulta:tions, as occasion may require,with representatives of the TJnj~,.~ N,f;"M
.
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,QL/6.,
Functions ot Allied Kommandatura Berlin
Proposed 27 November 1945 and approved by
the Allied Coordinating Committee 21 De
c~mber 1945., :
The ,Inter';'A1lied Kommandatura Berlin constituted by Articles 3. and 7,
European Advisory Commission Basic Agreement on Control Machinery for Germany,
,14 Nov. 1944 as' amended 1 May 194:5 will operate under the following general
directives:
'
1. The Inter-Allied Kommandatura is'respdnsib1e to "the Control Council of
the Allied Control Authority for.. the administrat.1on of. G~eater Berlin,.
;
2. 'The Coordinating Committee will iSsue direct to, the Kommandatura all
orders and resolutions which 'in the opinion of the Control Authority are applica
ble to and will be executed in Greater Berlin.
'
3. All orders and resolutions of the .Contro1 Authority received thr~)Ugh the,
Coordinating Committee will be implemented uniformly in-all sectors ,of Berlin
through the Allied Kommandatura.
4. Questions considered by the 'Allied Kommandatura Berlin Q.twhich unanimous·
agreement cannot be reached will at the request of any dissenting party be sub- ,
mitted to the Coordinating Committee of the Allied Control Authority for·decision.
•
5. DELETED
6. Prior to being placed into effect, matters introduced unilaterally In
vo1ving'administratioll of Military Government. of a particular sector in Berlin·
may be submitted to' the Allied Kommandatura.,Ber1in for ·possib1e· app1icat$,on to
all sectors. '
,
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7:' The Inter-Allied Kommandatura Berlin has authority subject to these in
structions to prescribe its own rules of procedure.
"
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224.
2
CONSTITUTION OF BERLIN
'Approved by Allied Coordinating Committee
:3 August 1946 .
"
To provide for' the situation arising' after the collapse of the nationalsocialist regime, and the o~cupation by the Allied Powers, and in continuation of
the constitutional right, according to the City Statutes of :30 May 185:3, to the
Law on the formation of a new Munio.1pallty of Berlin of 27 April 1920, and the Law
on the prelimiriary regulation of various problems of the ,municipal constitutional'
right of the C1t~.of Berlin of :30 March 19:3l,'Berlin receives the following:
'C ON S TIT U'T ION
Chapter I:
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
. (1) Greater Berlin is the exclusively established Public Territorial C?rporation
for the Terri tory· of the, Municipality of. Berli,n.·
•
(2) Greater Berlin has to fulf11 all the public duties in its district in
ance with th~s Constitution.'
(3) Greater Berlin b~ars the Arms and Flag with the Bear.
w11l be laid down in a special or~er.
accor~':'
Particulars hereof
Article 2
(1) The whole'of the German citizens of Gr'eater Berlin express their will through
their elected representative, bodies.
.
.
.
(2) All citizens of Greater.Berlin are, within the framework of the effective
laws,. of equal status independent of Race, Sex, Confession and extent of
prop'arty owned.
.
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,
(3) The representative bodies. are the Stadtverordnetenversammlung ana the Magis- .
trat ..
Article :3
(1) TheStadtverordnetenversammlung is constituted on ground of general, equal,
direct, and secret election by the inhabitants of Berlin, who are entitled
to vote according ,to the principles of proportional rspresentatlon.
(2) The Memb'ers of the Magistrat will be 'elected by the'Stadtverordnetenversamm.lung
for the period' of .the election term •.. All· political parties composing the
Stadtverordnetenversammlung,must be represented in the Magistrat if such
parties demand it. The,'Members of the Mllgistrat must also be competent to
fulf11 their duties.
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(3) The elected Members will remain in office until the' newly elected representa
tives and 'members' of the Magistrat have been obligated. '
.
(4) The election of the ,Members of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and details
for this election will be given in the election regulations.
�225
•
Chap ter II:
THE STADTVERORDNETENVERSAMMLUN'G
. Article 4
~he Stadtverordnetenversammlung consists of 130 members (Stadtverordnete).
They will be elected for two years.
Article 5
The Stadtverordnetenversammlung has the f?llowing duties:
(1) The electionof·the members of the Magistrat.
(2) The resolution on
(i) the Constitution of Berlin and its alterations;
(ii) all legal regulati'ons (Verordnungen and Satzurigen), .
,
:
(iii). the settlement of the Budget, grents, and
expenditures,
re1mburs~ments
for extraordinary
(iv) the determination of the taxes,
(v) the discharge of the Annual ,Accounts after checking audit,
(vi) the ,taking up of loans,
, (vii) the establishment of new, and the closing down of, obsolete or unprofitable'
,institutions end establishments,
•
(viii) the participation in new undertakings working as institutions 9f private
or public right, ,
, (ix) bestowing end renouncing, th.e
Freed~m
of the City.
(3) The supervision of the execution of the Legalregtilations resolved by the
representatives as well as of the entireadministratfon.
Article 6
(1) Wi thin two weeks after the publication 'of trie final r,esul t of the elections
to the Stadtverordnetenversammlung·the Magistratmust summon those elected
for the purpose of constituting the Stadtverol;'dnetenversannnlting, end to
obligate ,them by handclasp, at the beginning of the first meeting to consci
ent~ously fU,lfll the~r duties.
(2) In the first meeting the Stadtverordnetenversammlung elects from their midst
for their term of office, the Managing Committee, consisting of a Chairman and
.a secretary, and their deputies. .
(3) The Stadtv'erordnetenversammlung is to be sunimoned at least once it month. , The
meeting has to be called by the, Chairmen, with notice of the subjects to be
discussed. Notice must be given at least two clear days before the meeting
direct to every represent.ative. .
. ".
'
'
Extraordinary meetings of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung may be convened
also by
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(i) the Chairman
(1i) on demand of at least one fourth of the.'members, or,
.
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22'6
. (iii) on demand of the Magistrat,
and~ except in cases of utmost urgency, warning must also be given a~ least
two clear days before the meeting direct to each of the members, with notice
of the s~bject to be discussed~
(4) On.deliberation and voting on subjects touching the speCial private interests
of a representat1ve, this. re"presenta,tive may not be present~· His opinion can
be expressed in writing, and must be heard.
(5) Should a member lose his right to vote, he w111 be excluded from the Stadt
,verordnetenversammlung, and will,lose his rights ,as a member of this body.
.
' .
(6) TheStadtver'ordnetenversammlung establishes its
lations.
own order or procedure regu
Article 7
(1)' The sittings of the Stadtverordne,tenverssmmluhg are public. On application
of the Magistrat or the Chairman or of, a fifth of the representatives,' the
public may be excluded in the, case of certain matters. A resolution on this
point is passed in a secret sitting. ,
(2) The stadtverordnetenversarnmlungcan establish committees in order to discuss
certain general as well·as individual problems. These elect from their midst
a Chairman and a secr'etaty for swmnoning meetings.and presiding at these.
•
(3)
The Stadtverordnetenversammlung and its committees are competent to passreso
lutions ,if at. least one half, of the members ar.e present •. The resolutions are,
if not otherwise stipulated, passed with simple majority. ,In case of equal,
votes, the casting vote of the Chairman will decide. Resolutions upon alter
ations of the Constitution require a majority of two thirds.
'
,( 4) Minutes are
motions, as
passed, are
well as'the
. presided at
to be kept· of the meetings. These have to ~ontain the discussed
well 'as the manner ~nd result of the voting. Resolutions; as
to,be entered in a special book. The Minutes of the meeting, as
entry of the' resolutions are' ~o be sign-ed by the Chairman who
the meeting, and by the secretary~
Arhcle 8
The member'S of the StadtverordnetEmverssmlnlung' have the right.of traveling
free of charge on the public means cif transPQrtation within Berlin, and to'
receive 'a remuneration for each sitting and' compensation for the loss of
earnings accruing' owing 'to the sitting.
Chapter III:
THEMAGISTRAT
Article '9
(1) The Magistrat consists of theOb'erbuergermeister,. three Buergermeisters, and
a maximum of sixteen ,additional fu;t,ltime, salaried, members.
of the Magistrat take an oath in the presence of the Stadt~er
ordnetenveraammlung on taking up office, that they will impartially discharge
their duq..e s for the good of the community and in accordance with the .law.
If a member of the Magiatrat breakahis oath or shows himself as completely
unsuited for his office, he may be relieved of it;, following upon a. hearing
before, a Committee specially called by the Stadtverordnetenversammlung for
this purpose. A declsiori to dismiss requires a two-thirds majority of the
members of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung~
(2) Themeni'bers
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: Article 10
(l) The Magistrat is to be invited to all sittings of the Stadtverordnetenver
sammlung, and of its committees, w~th notice of the Agenda.
(2) The stadtverordneteriversammlung can demand the participation of a certain'
member of the Magistrat for the purpose of giving a report to the sitting.
The members of the Magistrat are allowed at any time during the discussion
to express their. opinion.
"
.
(3) The Magistrat is to be informed of all.resolutions of theStadtverordnet~n
versammlung.
Article 11
'"
«
(1) The Magistrat is the supreme, guiding, and executive organ of Greater.Berlin,
and represents Greater.Berlin E!lxternally. 'Fhe Magistrat is entirely responsi
ble to the Stadtverordnetenvers~lung, and subordinate to its instructions.'
The Magistrat issues Ordinances and statutes on the basis of, and for the
purpose of the executi.on of the existing legislative provisions which have
. been adopted by the Allied Kommandatura and theS~adtverordnetenversammlung.
.
.
"
The MagiStrat supervises' the execution, ofthe.se legislative provisions and.
ordinances.
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. .
. '
The ordinances and directions of the Magistrat will be'executed throughout
the whole area of Greater Berlin.
•
(2 )
Upon a two-thirds vote' of the total membership of the Stadtverordnetenver
sammlung, a resolution maybe forwarded to the Allied Kommandatura requesting
dismissal of the Magistrat ,and stating reasons. If the Allied Kommandatura
agrees, the Magistrat must immediately resign.
The Magistrat is authorized to bring up questions'forthe agenda of th~
Stadtverordnetenversammlung meetIngs, and to prepare 'proposals in an appro
priate form for discussion at these meetings.
(3) The Magistrat decides on'the directives according to which the pubiic tasks
are to be, carried through, and supervises the Bezirksaemter •.
.
.- .
.
(4) The Magistrat appoints, transfers; and dismisses all persons in the service
of., Greater Berlin, and supervises manage~ent, unless a member. of the Magistrat,
or the Bezirksamt, or a member of the latter has been charged therewith.
(5) The Magistrat takes its· decisions by simple majority of votes. In the' case
of equality of votes the casting vote of the Chairman will decide. The
Magistrat is able to take deciSions, if more than one. half or its members
are present.
(6) While deliberating and voting.on subjects touching the private interest of a
member of the Magistrat,"this member may not be present •. His written explana
tion.must be h e a r d . '
.
(7) The Magistrat draws up its own order' of procedure.
'Article 12
(1) TheOberbuergermeister is the Chairman-of the .Magistrat. He repre~e~ts the
Magistrat externally, conducts the sessions of the Magistrat, and directs the
service supervision of the remaining members of the Magistrat.
'"--:--,--
---~
.... ~--,,-'"' ......
-._---- ..... .
~
---~
--
.
-
--_ .._--_
... ,.., ...
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".
228,
(2) The three
B~e~germeisters
are ,the permanent deputies of the
Oberbue~germeister.
(3) The Oberbuergermeister, or,in case ofhls incapacity~ his Deputy,cantempo
rarily act on his own initiative incases belonging to the Magistrat's COm
petency,which admit of no delay,~ The matter must be laid befoz:e the Magis
trat at its next session for corifirmationby way of resolution,or in cases
of' particular importance, at an extraordinary meeting.' These decisions must
not contradict ~he 'cpnstituti~n and the principles of democracy.
(4) The Magistrat, a~leadlng pnd executive authority, c~nducts' its business
through departments, the.number of which must not exceed 18. Each department'
'has at it!'! head a member of the Magistrat.
'
(5) Each Member of the Magistrat performs independently, on its own. responslbility,
and in accordance ,with the directives 'obtained in Article 11, the duties en
trus ted ,to him, by the representative. bodi.es (Vertretungskoerper).
Articie 13
•
The' resolutions of the representative bodies (Vertretungskoerper). (Article 5
(2) and Article 11, para. 1) are binding for the DistrJ;ct bodies only', i f '
they have been passed by the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and Magistrat in
agreement. 'Where agreement 'is not, reached, a joint discussion,between the
Magistrat and the Stadtverordnetenversammlung is held, with the object of,
reaching anagreement~ If an agreement' 1s not attained through th1s joint
discussion, the Stadtverordnetenversammlurtg will decide, with a two-thirds
majority 'of its members;
. Chap ter' IV:
THE BEZIRKSVERORDNETENVERSAMMLUNG ,
Article 14
(1) For the purpose of localadroinistration, Greater Berlin is divided into
twenty Verwaltungsbezirks' (Administrative Districts).
(2) In each Verwaltungsbezirk, a'Bezirksverordnetenversammlung (District Council),
and a Bezirksamt (District Office) will be formed to look after local inter
ests, and ,t,o carry <?n the work, of the Bezirk.
"
.
(3) Upon a unanimous resolution 'of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, and the
Bezirksamt, an Administra,tive District can ,be divided into Ortsbezirke (Lo'cal
Districts).
'
,
.
Article IS'
(1)' The Bezirksverordnetenversa:mjnlung is established OQ the basis of a general,
equal, dire,ct, and secret election, by all persons entitled ,to vote, living
in the A~inistrative District, according to the principles of proportional
representation, ,'and ,for the maximum. period of two years:
(2) For the AdministratiVe Districts of up to 100,000 inhabitants, 30 District, .
Representatives, for those of 100,000 up to 200,000 inhabitants, 40 District
Representattves, and for'those of 200,000 and more inhabitants, 45 District
Representatives are t.o be elected~
•
(3) The elections' of the Bezirks'vero]:"dne,tenversanunlung and the elections of the
Stadtverordnete~versammlung take place on the same day.
The elections of the
Members of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung and details for these elections
will be given· in the electio? regulations.
�229
.'
Article 16
'(1)' The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung is to resolve on all affairs concerning the
District, within the limits of the directives issued by the, Stadtverordneten
versammlung, and the Magistrat.
(2) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung elects 'the members of, the Bezirksamt accord-'
ing to the stipulations valid for the election: of the Magistrat.
(:3) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlungannually prepares a survey on, the require
ments of the ~stablishments and institutions administered by the district, as
well as of the other District Administrations; ,this survey serves ,as a basis
for the total B u d g e t . '
,
(4) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung supervises the execution of its resolutions"
and the utilization of the means which are placed at the disposal of the
local establishments and institutions of the Administrative District.
, Article 17
(1) Within a period of two'weeks after the publication of the final result of the
election of the Bezirksvero~dnetenversammlung, the Bezirksamt, in order to
create'the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung must summon the elected members and,
at the beginning of the firs,t meeting, must obligate the members by hand
clasp to perform conscientiously their duties.
'
(2) During its first meeting, the Bezlrksverordnetenv,ersammlung elects from its
midst the ,managing Committee, composed of a Chairman, a secretary, arid their
Dep~ties, who preside for the period of the election term.
.
'
•
(:3) 'The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung must be convened once a month.
The convo
cation must be made by the Chairman, with notice of the Agenda. The notice
must' b,e transmitted to each District Representative at least 2' whole days be
fore the day of the, meeting.
'
Extraordinary meetings of the
Bezirksv~rordnetenversammlting
may be convened.
(i) o n the part of the Chairman,
(Ii) on demand of at least 1/4 of the District Representatives, or
(iii) on demand of the Bezirksamt.
Apart from cases of the utmost urgency, ,the notice, must enumerate' the' questions
to be discussed, and must be transmitted to each District Representative at
least 2 clear days before the day of the meeting.
'
,
(4) The Bezir~sverordnetenver~ammlurig meets in public.' On the application 6fthe
Bezirksamt, or the Chairman, or a fifth of the Representatives, the public
may be excluded in the case of certain matters. The resolution on this is,
passed in a secret sitting.
' ,
'
~he members of, the Magistrat may take part in the meetings of the Bezirks
verordnetenversamrolung. The members of' the Be'zirksamt are to be invited,
wi th notice of the agenda, to ,take part in all meetings of the Bezirksver
ordnetenversammlung and its Committees.
The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung can demand the presence of a certain member
of ~he Bezirksamt as reporter. The members of the Magistrat and the Bezirks
amt must be heard at any time, during the deliber,ation.
'
•
(5) Vlhile deliberating and voting on subjects touching the special private
�•
230
interest of a member of·the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung,this member may
not be present. His .written declaration must, however, be. heard.
(6) .Ifa member of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung loses his right to vote, he
will"t!e excluded from the· Bezirksverordnetenversammlung and lose his rights
due to him as a member • ' ,
,
(7) The Bezirksamt must be informed· on all:~esolutions of the Bezirksverordneten
versammlung.
(8) The Members of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung have the right of traveling
free of charge on the public means of transportation within Berlin, and they
receive a remuneration for each sitting, and compensation for the loss of
earnings accruing owing to the: sittings. ' . '
' .
(9) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung draws up its, own order of procedure.
Chapter Vr
THE BEZIRKSAMT'
Article 18
(1) The Bezirksamtconsists of the District Buergermeister as Chairman, one
Deputy, .and not .more than 9 salaried official members.
•
(2) Every Bezirksamt member conduct's independently, ~d under personal responsi
bility, the duties transferred to him by the election of the Bezirksyerord
netenversammlung and ~ccording to .the directives given in Article 11.
(3) The
members of the Bezirksamttake an oath before the'Bezirksverordneten
versannUlung on entering their office, that they will fulfil their duties un
biased, for the welfare of all, and in accordance with the law. If a member
of the Bezirksamt breaks his oath, or shows 'himself as completely unsuited
for his office, he may be relieved of it, following upon 'a hearing before a
Committee specially called by the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung for this pur":,,
pose. , A decision to dismiss requires a two-thirds majority of the Bezirks
verordnetenversammlung.
.
.
(4) . Upon a two-th~rds vote of the' to'tal membership of, Bezirksverordnetenversamm
lung a resolution may be forwarded to the Military Commandant of the Sector '
requesting dismissal.of the Bezirksamt and stating reasons. If the Military
Commandant of the Sector agrees, the Bezirksamtmust immediately resign.
Article 19
(1') The Bezirksemt is the executi:ve subordinate authority in the affairs of the
Administrative District. The Bezirksamt is absol,,:tely responsible.' to the.
Bezirksverordnetenversammlung.;
(2) The Bezirksamt is also the executive organ of the Magistrat, and its duty is
to fulfil the directives of the, Magistrat., It is under the supervision of
the Magistrat.. .
.
(3) The Bezirksamt, has to
,
" ,
i execute the resolutions
o~
the Bezirksverordnetenversamrnlung,
11 administer the institutions and establishments of the DiStrict,'
•
iii 'engage, transfer, and dismiss all persons who are in the service of the
. Administration of the District,
.
iv act as intermediary between the
Bezirksverordne~enversamrnlung
and the
�231
representative bod1es of qreater ,Berl1n, .
-
,
.
v represent Berl,1nexternally in matt,ers concern1ng the District.
(4) In other respects the prov1sions of Article 11 (5) and (6) are decis1ve.
Representatives of the Magistrat must be heard at any time during the d1s
cussion of the Bezirksamt.'·
'
. .
.
(5) The BezirksbuergermeiSter is.under the supervis10n of the Oberbuergermeister,
and' t~e other Bezirksamt members are under the supervis10n of the Bez1rks
buergermeister.
Chapter VI:
RELATIONSHIP BEiWEEN ORGANS OF THE CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION,
, AND THE BEZIRKS ADMINISTRATIONS .
Article 20
. (1) The
competency of' the Local Administration;' in the ,Admin1strative Distr1cts,.
1n relEit10n to the Central Administrat1on,1s to be regulated 1n the Main
Statutes. In these, ,the sphere of affa1rs 'to ,be managed by the Central Ad
m1n1stration 1s to be designated. All other adm1n1stration affairs are to
be attended to by the Admin1strative D1str1cts.
'
(2) The spheres of work are to be.stated
1~
such form that
(i) affairs whichrequ1re uniform adm1n1strat1on on account of the1r 1m
portange for.the whole of Berlin, are left to the management of the
Central Administrat10n of the Magistrat;'
•
(11) all other affairs concerning the D~str1ct itself are to be managed by
the Bez1rksamt, and the Bezirksamt'must be allowed discretion in .
managing . these affairs •.
(3) The spheres of the dut1es of the Distr1cts may'bed1fferent in the var10us
Districts.
Article 21
The chief Statutes will regulate the Meet1ngs and powers'oft~e Buerger
meisters' Council and define the methods cons1dered necessary 'for the co
operation of the.local and central Administrations. The chief Statutes have
to be submitted to the Allied Kommandatura for approval.
Article 22
It 1s the privilege of the Magistrat 1nall.cases, to prevent the execution
of resolutions of the Bezirksvero"rdnetenversammlWlg, and t;he Bezirksamt, 1f
the 1nterests of the Community make it necessary, or if the resolutions of
the Bezirks authori t1es exceed their competence, or violate the.·..law. In the
resolutions of the Magistrat prevent1ng the execut1onof Bezirksverordneten
versammlung and Bezirksamtresolutions, the grqurids for the objection must be
given.
.
"
Art1cle.23
(1) If no agreement is reached 1n the case of Art1cle 22, every Corporat1on con
. cerned may apply-for a decision, .within 2 wee~s, from the date of the an
nouncement of 'the objection.
•
(2) This decision will be 'made by a Committee appo1nted by the
ve~sammlung •
I
--.~-
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............ _ - -
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-
-
-
•
. ' .
-
. -
•
Stad~verordneten-,
-*-- ---- . - - ... __ ........ -.:.. . . : . . .
�:l
!
.';'
';\
232
Chapter VII:
BUDGET AND FINANCE
Article 24
(1) ,The property of the territorial corporation is to be ,administered economically
and ca:ref~llY., It' is to be maintained out of the means of the regular budget.
(2) Toprovlde for articles needing replacement, because they are too old, or
have, been worn out, or otherwise have depreciated in value, or because of in
creased requirements, due to increasing demand, funds must be placed in res,erve
out of the or.dinary Budget, (Renewal and Extenslon Reserve).
'
Article ,25
(1) Public, Undertakings must show a profit.
(2) statutes must be framed,for undertakings without legal representation (City
owned undertakings)~
(3) Budget management, administration of property, and the accounting for ,each
undertaking must be effected in a manner, permitting specific inquiry into
their administration and financial results.
,Article 26
•
(1) Loans (annuities, bonds, and other credits, except cash credits) may only be
raised within the extraordinary budget plan •
(2) Loans may be taken up only for covering extraordinary and indisputable de
mands so far' as other means for covering these demands are not available.
,
,
(3) For each loan 'a redemption scheme must be s~t'up.' Loans which serve to
satisfy recurrit.g demands are to"be redeemed before these, arise' anew.'
;.
1,....
,
Article 27"
(1) The entire income and, expenditure of Greater Berlin are to be calc,ulated for
each fiscal year, and ins,erted in th~ budget plan. The budget plan is the
basis'for administering all revenues and expenses. ,AS a rule, the expenses
are sanctioned' for one year.
' " '
"
(2,) In calculating the budget plan for Greater Berlin, ,special plans are to be
made for, the demands of the various ,Districts. ,For carrying them through,
due discretion is left to each di.trict.
'
(3 )
If by the end of the fiscal year the budget plan for the next year has not
yet been compiled, up to the time of application the Magistrat authorized,to
pay a;nexpenses necessary, for maintaining legally based institutions, to
enforce measures which are taken on a legal baSiS, to fulfil all legally,
valid obligations of Greater Berlin, and to p,r{)ceed with work on building~"
supply, and other services for which in, the budget plan of the preceding
year, expenditure was already sanctioned.
'
,Article 28'
•
(1) Surplus' and extra, exp~rise~ may only be paid with the approv'al' of the Magis
trat. Approval may only be' given for indisputable requirements •
(2) All excessive and extraordinary expenditure requires the subsequent consent
of the Representative B'odies.
'
(3) Extraordinary expenditure may be paid only, if cover payment i,s ass Ured ~
�233
Article 29
Persons in the service of Greater Berlin who are guilty of violating the regu
lations of Article, 28, are responsible to the Corporation ,for the damage'in
volved. The liability to render such comp'ensation does not arise , i f the
action was taken in ,oraer to avoid a pressing danger to the Corporation which
could not be foreseen, and if the c9ntraventionof the regulations was 'not
excessive in view of the measures demanded by the emergency.
Article '30
"
(1) The Treasurer must give the Repres~ntative bodies of Greater Berlin an account
of the uti'lization of all revenues of the fiscal year, in the first six months
'of the following fiscal year, and must SUbmit aswmnary,on the, entire assets
and liabilities.,
,
(2) The accounts are to be examined and passed by the Hauptpruefungsamt on the
basis of the budget plan and budget calculations. 'Details will be given in
an Ordinanc,e.
'
(3) On the basis of the examination and statement of items carried through by the
Hauptpruefungsamt, the 'Representative Bodies decip.e to pass the accounts.
Chapter VIII:
PROVISIONS CONCERNING PUBLIC OFFICIALS
Article 31
,(I) All persons fulfilling superior duties in the Central AdminIstration, and,all
employees in leading positions of the Central Administration are appointed,
transferred, and dismissed by .the Magistrat.
'.
(2) All persons who have, to perform superior duties in the Administrative District,
and all employees in leading positio'ns of the District are appointed, trans
ferred and dismissed, by the Bezirksamt.
(.3 )
The transfer of, persons who have to perform superior duties: in ,the service of
Berlin from an Administrative District to the Central Administration, or from
one District ,to another, is decided upon by the Magist;rat after hearing the
respec~ive B e z i r k s a m t . '
'
Article 32
,All'persons who have' to exercise superior duties in the service of Berlin, in
taking over'their'work, have to swear an oath that they will fulfil them im
partially for the welfare of all, and according to'the law. They receive
,fixed official remunerations for their work.
Chanter IX:
EFFECTIVE LEGAL PROVISIONS
Article 33
(1) A matter can only be regulated by an ordinance, i f it is to be gel1erally
legal. This ordinance must be framed according' to this Constitution, and
'announced in writing and publicly.
(2), All ordinances are to be published within a 'term of one month 9.fter final
resolution. They come into effect, failing other ,directions, on the seventh
day after they are published.
Article 34
•
The organs which have been appointed or approved by the municipality of
,
. , . , . - . - .......
~
. . . . - . _ _ . . . - _. . - -
_ ••-
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. _ . , . . . ._ • • _ _
.-
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...
-
...
~
••
-
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~,
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�•
234
Berlin, when this Constitution comes into force, in the Central Administra
tion, as in the District Administration, will exercise' the constitutional
privileges until new organs are appointed.
,
.
Article 35
(1). T his Constitution comes into force on the day of its publication in Greater
Berlin. All former directives, which are' contrary to thiS Constitution, be
come void on, the same day. The necessary directives for its execution will
be issued by t):lelo1agist~at.,
(2 )
The 'S'tadtverordnetenversammlung will deliberate ~n public mee,tings on the
Draft of a new Constitution for Greater Berlin. This Draft is to be sub
mit ted to the Allied Powers for approval before 1 May 1948
As soon as this,
approval has been given, elections must be held according to the new Consti
tution.
Article 36
•
Except as may be specifically proyided by the Allied Control Authority, the
independent administration 'of Greater Berlin is, subordinate to ,the Allied
Ko:mri1andatura," and .that of the 'Bezirks Administrations to the Military Govern
ments in the respective sectors. All legal enactments which are accepted by
the Stadtverordnetenversammlung, as well as ordinances and instructions
issued by the Magistrat, must conform to the laws and ordinances of the Allied
Powers in Germany and the Allied Kommandatura Berlin,' and be s~ctioned by
the latter. Alterations in the Constitution, resignation' ,of the Magistrat
or of any of 'its members, as well as the appointment and discharge of leading
officials of the city administration can 'only 'take effect with the sanction
of the Allied Kommandatura Berlin.
''
'
,
'
,
The Bezirks Administrations are subordinate i~ their activities to the Mili
tary Governmen~ in, the ,respective sectors.
This 'Draft of a TemPore.r7Cons,titution for Greater Berlin has been elaborated by
the Local Government Committee of the All~ed Kommandatura.
FELDMAN
Garde Major
USSR
GLASER'
'Lt. Col.
U.S.
HAYES
MaJSr'
G• •
ZIEGELMEYER
Capitaine
FR.
COORDINATING COMMITTEE MINUTES
(Meeting ot: 2 August 1946),.
THE MEETING:"
(a) approved the proposed constitutioniri principle;
(b) amended Articles 4,' 12, and 36 as":shown above;" '
'(c) returned the proposed constitution to the Kommandatura,
(1) invItIng its attention to the'foregoing dIscussIon;
(11 )
•
requestIng It,to consider the deslr~bii1ty of amendtng the constltu-,
tion to gIve the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and Bezirk,sverordneten
versammlungen the rIght to demand, after due hearing, the dIsmIssal
of employees of the Magistrat and Bezlrksaemter who vl01atE',the con
stitution; and
'
(11i' authorizing it to take final action on the constItution without fur
ther'reference to the Coordinating Committee, after having considered
__--::_ _ _..;..th~e~n_e_c__
essity for ,the amendment r~ferred to In (11 ) above •
... ArtIcles 4, 12 and 36 arehe~epublished dn.thelramended form.
�235
ALLIED KoMMANDATURA BERLIN
Office, ,of the Chairman Chief ot Statf
e
, SUBJECT:
Constitution of Berlin
Oberbuergermeister, City of Berlin
TO
We believe, that the re-establishment of a constitutional government in'the
Ci ty of Berlin is an historical event. In fo~warding the present document. to the
Magistrat, together with an Allied,Koimnandatura Order, the occupation Authorit1es
again express their desire to ,establish political independence in Berlin, and give
the population the right to determine by themselves the form of'their government.
"
Beriin first ~eceived a democratic const1tution 1~ 1920.' However, under
the influence of the Nazi regime, the limitation of political freedom resulted in
the fact that administrative and goverrimentaldepartments of the City became crude'
,tools of the fascist power.
i
j
I
,
,
i'
The 1946 Constitution is a temporary document, destined to re-establish
political freedom and 'pass it on to the population of Berlin. The constitution
will transmit all powers into the hands of representatives el,ected by the popula
tion. The constitution,requires that these elected representatives establish a
Constitutional Assembly with the aim to: begin immediately the work of drawing a'
more detailed draft of ,the constitution for the City of Berlin. It foresees a
stable city government created on the basis of the general laws of 1853, 1920 and'
1931.
,'e'
'
The Allied Commandants 'have decided'that this new constitution will'be put,
into effect InOctober, ween' elections will beheld, ari~ at which time they will
transfer all responsibility for the. government of Berlin under the guidance of the
Allied Kommandatura Berlin to the pop~lation of the City, firmly convinced that'
democratic developments will never cease.
USSR
Maj. Gen. KOTIKOV
BR
Maj. Gen. NARES'
US
Maj. Gen. KEATING
FR
Brig. Gen. LANCON
Berlin Elections
The municipal elections of October, 20, 1946 attracted much more public atten-:
tion than the district and, State diet elections for the whole Soviet Zone held
the s.arne day (see XX). The reason was that, with strict four-power supervision "
of the polls, the results could be relied upon to reflect electorate trends, un
hampered by any pressure, more objectively, than outside the c'ity limits. Further
more, in Berlin, the Social Democratic party, which in the Soviet Zone had been
fused with the Communists to form tp.e SED (Sooialist',Unity Party, cf.XX)was.per";
mitted to operate independently, even in the Soviet sector. The result was a'
serious setback for the Soviet-sponsored SED. 'The official'tabulation of the'
election returns gives to the
'
Social Democrats
Christian Demoorats
SED
Liberal Democrats
Not valid
-
999,170
454,202
405,992
192,527
39,164
(48. 7~)
(22.1~)
votes
votes
vot'es
votes
votes '
-------'------~--_
. -."'"
, (19.8%)
(. 9.4~)
~
....
�,',
i
230
'
•
Which CitYCouncll?
The,new City Assembly met on November· 26,.1946, 'to'elect a City Council
(Magistrat) which was to ,replace the original Soviet appointed council of the
first period of occupation when ,all, of, Berlin was under Soviet administration.'
However, one day, before the meeting of the new Socialist-dominated assembly, the.
Soviet Military Governor of Berlin,' Major General Alexander Kotikov, published
an o~der .in the name of the four-power Kommandatura, which made the reorganiza
tion of the Magistrat .condi tional on prior approval of .the four Allies, thus re..,
serving to himself a veto p,ower against newly to be elected 'city officials. The
thr'ee other Allied representatives on' the Kommandatura protested against this
Soviet move and advised the new City Assembly to proceed with the elections of
the 16. councillors regardless of the Soviet decree. This was done, but on
December 7 the old City Counc'ilrefused to yield to its s'uccessor. For a few
days it looked as i f Berlin would have two city councils. But on December 10 the
four members of the Kommandaturaagreed in favor of the new council, but removed
one member and held up approval' of two more. Behind the particular 'issue J there
was the'majqr question of how Article 36 of .the'Berlin Constitution ought to be
interpreted, which says that all legal enactments of the City Assembly as well as
ordinances 'issued by the City Council must be sanctioned by the Allied Kommanda
tura. ,This was'understood by the Soviet representative to mean that no decision
of the city was to have the force of law. unless it was passed upon by the four
Allied Powers, while the American representative held the view that all enact
ments of the city were valid unless vetoed by ,all four Allied powers.
The Trade Union Dispute
•
Anotherdispute'between the four powers arose over the question of voting
procedure for the Berlin Trade Union elections scheduled for, February 3,.1947 •
The Western powers, led by the U. S. representative, advocated a system favoring
greater influence of groups other than the SED. This ,time the Soviet representa
tive, Major General Kotikov, rever'sed the stand taken in the City Council contro
versy, and championed the right of,th'e Berlin Trade Unions to decide their own
affairs free of Allied interference. On February 10 this issue too was amiably
settl:edby a compromise satisfactory from both the U.S. and, ,the Soviet Viewpoint.
Socialization of Industry
On February 13, 1947, the Berlin c'ity Assembly adopted with 118 against 12
votes of the·Liberal ,Democrats a bill to socialize all big enterprises and
monopolistic corporations situated in Berlin. The measure patterned after
Article 41 in the constitution of Hesse, and subject to approval by the Allied
Kommandatura, provides for 'the expropriation of all enterprises "ripe for so'cial
ization." Compensation will,be made to all owners and shareholders unless they
are proven to be former'Naziactivists or war criminals. Foreign shareholders
will receive full and immediate compensation. The bil~ further provides that the
City of Berlin shall act as administrator and trustee of all socialized enter
prises until the creation of a central German government. The supervisory com
mittee governing the socialized sector of Berlin economy will consist of. dele
. gates from 'City Magis~rate, A'ssembly, 'frade -Unions, and Management •
•
�......
488
.~
..
...QC- .;.. ,~{LL/f](;;r1
ICJL/GJ v.~
.
. FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1946, VOLUME V
needed to maintain the productive capacity of 7,500,000. This [pro
.-- posa.l was accepted] for immediateiinplementation and the Coordinat
ing Committee decided to' refer the larger question at issue to the Con
trol ·Council meeting of January 21. Clay and Sokolovsky· desired
communication to the press of the Coordinating Committee's current.
discussion but Robertson requested defe:i-rQent of pUblicity pending
Control Council action.
. 3.. Coodlinating Committee accepted with certain ad,ditions Russian
counter-proposal on definition of restit1,ltion (see my 112, January 13,
2 p. m.). Clear text and summary of discussion furnished in separate·
telegrain. 15
. Sent to Dept as 159; repeat~d to Moscow as 16.and London for per
.
.,
sonal ~ttention.Secretary Byrnes 18 as 40.· .
;,
:
r
•
.•
>.'
•
·:MURPHY
,
to tf2u 11 h.Lh. p;. ..
GERMANY
.'e
c:;' ,
,-Li
.
489
i
,
"3. As to goods of a unique charact~r, restitution of which is im:
posSible, special instructions will fix the categories of goods subject
to replacement, the nature of these replacements and the conditions
-in which such goods could be replaced by equivalent objects.
"4. Relevant transportation expenses within the present German
frontiers and as repairs necessary for proper transportation, includ
ing the necessary manpower, material and organization, are to be
borne by Germany and are included in restitution. Expenses outside
"
Germany are borne by the ,recir,iellt country..
"5. The ControlCotincIl wIll deal on all questIOns of restItutIOn
with the government of the country where the objec~swere looted;"
General Ciay approved the ·proposal on condition that restitution
to be effected will riot involve expenses to US occupation forces and
he emphasized that the US accepted no ·obligation to replace art objects '
item by item. In reply to a question from the French as to meaning.
of "compensation" Russian member ,envisaged compensation as in
cludingequipment,manrifactured goods, raw material of minerals
Germany's expense as far as possible. French member
delivered
requested the record include Soviet member's understanding that the
Control· Council will decide the'qu.estion to what ext.entrestitution
is consistent with reparations..
InstrUctions envisaged under paragraph -3 'of text above were re
ferredto the Reparations Deliveries and Restitution Directorate for
drafting and agreement wilIbe reported to Control Council meeting
21 January subject to British member obtaining final approval from
his Government of the above definition.l8
Sent Dept repeated to Moscow as 17, Paris as 17, London as 40 and
copy to Angell 19 in Berlin.
at
740.00119 EW/1-1946: Telegram
The United States Political Adviser for Germany (Murphy) to the
. ..
Acting Secretary of State. '
BERLIN, January 19,1946--10 a. m.
[Received January 20-10: 30 a. m.]
169. See my 112, January 13,6 p. m., and my 89, January 11,6 p. m.
Following is text of definitio;n of restitution based on Soviet counter
proposal adopted by· Coordinating Committee at its thirty-seoond
meeting:
.
RESTRICTED
1t;
lIt
:,
.A
"1. The question of restitution of property removed b;V the Germans
· from Allied countries must be examined, in all cases, In light of the
decla·ration of January 5, 1943.17
.
"2. Restitution wiII be limited in the first instance to identifiable
goods which existed at the time of occupation of the country con
cerned and which have been taken by the enemy by force from the
· territory of thecotintry.
"Also falling under measure "of restitution are· identifiable goods
produced during the period of occupation and which have been ob
· tained by force. All other property removed by the enemy is eligible
for restitution to the extent consistent with reparations. However,
United Nations retain the right· to .receive from Germany com
.pensation for this other property removed as reparations. .
.
,. Telegram 169, January 19, from Berlin, intra.
'$ The Secretary of State· was In Lond()n as ChaIrman of the United States
delegation .to the First Part of the FIrst SessIon of the General Assembly of
the United Nations.
-'
1T Reference Is to the Inter-Allled Declaration Against Acts of Dispossession,
P'orei/]fI, Relations. 1943, vol. I. 'p. 443.
.
MURPHY
"Telegram 198, January 22, 4 p. m., fro~ Berlin,reported on the dillcussion
concernIng restitution at the 17th meeting of the Allled Control Council.
January 21., BrItish General Piayfair presided because ()f the illness of both
Field Marshal Montgomery and General Robertson. "Playfair stated that the
British delegation would accept the detlnltlon of restitution which was ngreed
by the French, Soviets and U.S., at the last Coordinating Committee meeting.·
BrItish stated, howe"er, that they accepted on the assumption similar to that
stated by Clay for the U.S., namely, that definition wonldnot result in IIny
additional burdens on the German economy which would have to be met from
British sources. The BrItish also agreed with the SovIet provision that 'goods
of an unique character' would relate only to artistic and cultural objects.
KoenIg suggested and obtained unanimous agreement that 'scientific apparatl1s'
also be Included. British pointed out that they agreed with the U.S. "lew that
theI:e would not be replacement of objects of art item for item.", (740.00119.
Control (Germany)/1-2246)
It James W. Angell,· United
States representatlve, Allied Commission. on
Reparations.
' .
1
to' \,"""'vIIIIIIII
.
�LU '~r~' Sr> Iju1!-£h~
114
CJ CLh -J LV'.
Jet l/&)
. ;Jav ",:21 I, )0 tf(;
,
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,.
Reparation From
DEPARTMENT,OF STATE BULLETI,\
Germ~ny"
J~
, 1 Lt, )C]lfv
FINAL ACT AND ANNEX OF THE PARIS CONFERENCE ON REPARATION I
CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATION
The P~ris Conference on Reparation, which has
met from 9 November 1945 'to 21 Decembef,1945,'
recommends that the Governments represented at
the Conference should sign in Paris as SOOil as
possible an Agreement on Reparatiori from Ger
many, on the Establishment of, an Inter-Allied
Reparation' Agency and on 'the Restitution of
Monetary Gold in the terms set forth below;2
DRAFT AGREEMENT ON REPARATION FROMGER
MANY, ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTER
ALLIED REPARATION AGENCY AND ON THE RESTI
TUTION OF MONETARY GOLD
.
,
The Governments of ALBANIA, The, UNITED
STATES of AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, BELoIUlIl; CAN
ADA,DENlI1ARK, Earn, FRANOE, The UNITED,
KINGDOl\1 OF GREAT BRITAIN' AND NORTHERN IJlE
LAND, GREEOE, INDIA, LUXEMBOURG; NORWAY, NEW
ZEALAND, The NETHERJJANDS,' CZEOHOSLOVAKIA,
The UNIQNOF SOUTH AFRICA and YUGO~LAVIA, in
order to obtain ,an equitable distrinution anlong
themselves of the total assets which, in accordance
with the' provisions of this Agreement and the
Provisions agreed upon at Potsdam on 1 August
1945 between the Governments of the United
States of Am,erica, the United Killgdomof G~eat
Britain and Northern Ireland and the Uniorr of
SovIet Socialist Republics, 'are or may be de
clared to be available as reparation from Germany
(hereinafter referred to as German reparation),
in order to establish an Inter-Allied Reparation
Agency, and to settle an equitable procedure for
the restitution of monetary gold,·
HAVE AGREED as 'follows:
Part I
German Reparation
Article 1. Shares in Reparation•.
A. German ~eparation (exclusive of the funds
to be allocated uuder Article 8 of Part I of this
• Released to the press Jan. 15.
·OnJan. 14 the following governments signed the'
agreement: United States, France, United Khlgdom, Neth-'
erlands, Belgium, Yugoslavia, and Luxemoourg. The slg~
natures represent 84,15 percent of Category A quotas, thus.
bringing the agreement Into e.l!eet as of Jan. 14.
.
Agreement), shall be divided into the followill"
.
. categol'les: "
'
Oategory A, which shall include all forms uf
German reparation' except those included iii
'Category B,
'
Oategory B, which shall include industrial and
other capital equipment removed from Germany.
and merchant ships and inland water transport.
I,
Ii
J;
i.
t
I
B. Each Signatory Government shall be' enti·
tled to the percentage share of the total value of
. Category A and the percentage share of the total
value of Categor:y B set out for tluit Government
in the Table 'of Shares set forth below:
'
t:
iI
o
11
TABLE OF-SHARES.
tJ
Country
0'
Albania ___ ~: ___________ _
.05
United States of America" . _ __ _. , 28. 00
'.70
AlIstrali lt - . - - - - - - C • • - • • - - - '. - •
Belgium__ ~ c • ________ • _ _. _ _. _ _.
2.70
Canada __ .~ ___ ! _ . . _~_~_ . _
3.50
Denmark. _. , _ __ __ __ _ _ . . . c • _ .
.25
,Egypt. ___ . ____'___ . ____ . _. ___ . ____ .
.05
France ______ " _. __ .. __ . __ _
16. 00
,United Kingdom _________ . ______ . 28.00
Greece~_ ",_._ .' .. ~ ______ .
2.70
India_~ ___ '
_____ . __ . _. __ •
2. 00
Luxerrlbourg. ____ . ___ .,_.
.15
N of\\'ay . _ _~ _ _ _. ___ ~ _ _ _ _. ___ _
1. 30
Ne\\' Zealand __ . ___ . _.~ __ . _____ _
.40
Netherlands _ ~ >___ _ _ _ _ _________ _
3, 90
,Czechoslovakia. _____ . ___ . ____ ._
3. 00
'Union of South Africa (Q) • ___ ' ___ _
.70
Yugoslavia_.> ..'. . ___ ~_ ... _
6.60
TotaL _ _ _. _ _ _ _. _.
(':
1. 50
.3j
.20
22.80
27.80
di
it~
4.35
2.,90
,40
1. 90
60
5,60
4, 30
,10
9.60
100. 00
----.----'------~-----:---
(0) Thc government oC the Union oC South ACrics has undertaken to waivf
Its claims to th~ extent necessary to rcduce its percentage share of Carogo')' n
to the figurc oC 0,1 per cent but is cntitled, In disposing of Qe~an cnr m)"
asscts within its Jurisdiction. to charge the net valuc of sueh assets against. iIi
perccntage share of Category A snd's pcrccntage share under Category J1 or
0,1 per cent:
'
C. Subject to the prOVIsIOns of' paragraph D
below, each Signatory Government shall ,be en
titled to receive its share of merchant ships deter
mined in accordance with Article 5 of Part I of
this Agreement,provided that its receipts of
.
w
m
51
4,50 '
---'-----
_ _ 100. 00
p
• 3.\
11. 80
• 9,i
C;
.~.
es
... A
", . 01,
; as.
,'. a'
,,: of
no
�115
lASl'.4RY 27, ~,946
, 1
.40
1. 90 '
. 60
5.60
, 4. 30
.10
9.60
'aph D
be en
! deter
rl; I of
Pt.
IlIl'l'l'ha;lt ships do llot'exceed,in value its share in
C;ttl'gllry B as a whole.
'
Subject to the provisions of paragraph D be- ,
loW: each Signatory Government shall also be
..ntitled to its Category A percentage share in
German assets in countries which remained neu
-tnd in the war against Germany.
The distribution among the Signatory Govern-,
11Il'llts of forms of German, reparation other than
IlI\.rell ant ships,' inland' water transl?ort and Ger
Ul;\1l assets in countries which remained n'eutrul
ill the war against Germany shall be guided by
the prinCiples set forth in Article 4 of Part I of
t his Agreement.
D. If a Signatory G~vernnient r:eceives' more
(liall its percentage share of certain types of assets
ill either Category A Qr Category B, its receipts
(If other types of assets in that Category shall be
!'l.t!lIced so as to ensure that it shall not receive
more than its share in that Category as a whole:
E. No Signatory Government shall receive more
Ihan its percentage share of, either Categoi'y A '
01' Category B as a whole by surrendering any
pnd of its percentage share of the other Category,
c·xeept that with respect to German enemy assets
within its own jurisdiction, any Signatory Govel'n~
ment shall be permitted to charge any excess of
stich assets over its Category A percentage share
of total German enemy assets within tlie juris
diction of the Signato~y Governments either to
its receipts in Category A or to its receipts in
Category B or in part to each Category.
'
F. The Inter-Allied Reparation Agency, to be
e,~tablished in' accordance with Part II of this
Agreement, shall charge the' reparation accoUllt
of each Signatory Government for the German
assets within that Government's jurisdiction over
a period of five years. The charges at the date
of the entry into force of this Agreement shall be
not less than 20 per cent of the net value of such
assets (as defined in Article 6 of Part I 'of this '
Agreement) as then estimated, at the beginning
oJ the second year thereafter not less than 25 per
tcnt of the balance a~ then estimated, at the begin
Iling of the third year not less .than ,33% per cent
of the balance as then estimated, at the beginning
of the fourth year not less than 50 per cent of the
balance as then estimated, at'the:beginning of th~ ,
fifth, year not less than 90 per cent of the oalance
"
'
.
, as then estimated, and at the end of the fifth year
the entire remainder of the total amount actually
realized.
,
G. The following exceptions to'paragraphs D
and E above shall apply in the case of a Signatory
Governm~.mt' whose share in Category B is 'less'
than its share in Category A :
(i) Receipts of merchant ships by any such
Government shall not reduce its percentage share
in other types of assets in Category B, except ,to
the extent that such receipts exceed the value ob- '
tained ~hen that Government's Category A per
centage is applied to the total value of merchant
ships.
(ii) Any excess ()f German ,assets within the
'jurisdiction of such Government over its Category
A percentage share of the total of German assets
within 'the jurisdiction of Signatory Governments
as,a whole shall be charged first to the additiorial
share in Category B to which that ,Government
would be entitled if its share ih Category B were
determined by applying its Category A percent
age to the' forms of German reparation in Cate
gory B.
'
H. If any Signatory, Governmi:mt renounces its
shares or part of its shares in German reparation
as set out in the above' Table of Shares, or if it
withdraws from the Iilter-Allied Reparation
,Agency at a time when all or part of its shares in
, German reparation remain unsatisfied, the shares
or part thereof thus renounced or remaining'shaJI
be distributed rateably alnong the other Signatory
Governments.'
-,
Article' 2. Settlement 01 Cla'ims against Ger~any •
A. The Signat~ry GO\;erli~ents agree among
themselves that their respective shares of repara
tion, as determined, by the present Agreement,
shaU-'be regarded by each of .them as covering all
its claims and those of its nationals' against the
former German Government and its Agencies, of
a governmental or private nature, arising out of
the war' (which are not otherwise, provided for),
including costs of German occupation, credits ac
quired 'during occupation' on clearing accounts and
claims against the Reichskreditkassen.
'
B., The provisions of paragraph, A above are,
without prejudice to:,
(i), The determination at ,the proper time of the
�'.
116
forms, duration or total amount (If reparation to be
made by Germany;
.
(ii) The right which each Signatory Govern
ment may have with reSpect to the final settlement
of German reparation; and
(iii) Any political, territorialor other demands
which any Signatory Government may put for
ward with respect .to the' peace settlement with
Germany.
.'
.
. C. Notwithstanding anything in the provi~ions
of paragraph A apove, the p'resept Agreement shall
. not be considered as affecting:
.'
DEPARTME/VT OF STATE BULLETl.\
tory Government or its nationals in respect of
property received by that Gdvernment as repa.
ration with the approval of the Control Council
for Germany. ' . '
,
Article 4. General Principles lor' the Allocation III
Industrial and ·other Capital Equipment.
A. No Signatory Government shall ~equest the
; allocation to it as reparation of anyindustrhll or
other capital equipment removed from German\'
except for use in its own territory or for use by il"
own nationals outside its own territory.
, . B. IIi submittif!g requests to the Inter-Allied
. (i) 'The obligation of the appropriate authori
Reparation Agency, the Signatory Governments
ties in Germany to secure at a ftiture date the dis
should endeavour t(l submit comprehensive pro.
cl1arge of claims against Germany and 'German.' grams of requests for related, groups of items)
nationals arising out of contracts and other obliga- '.. rather than requests for ,isolated items or small
tions entered into, and rights acquiied,before the
groups of items. It is recognized that the work
existence of a state of war between Germany a~ld
of the Secretariat of the Agency will be more effec
the Signatory Government concerned or before th~
tive, the more comprehensive the programs which
occupation of its territory by Germany, whichever. Signatory Governments subinit to it.
was earlier;
. ' ..
C. In the allocation by the Inter-Allied Repara.
(ii) The claims of Social Insurance .Agencies
, tion Agency of items declared avocilable for repa
of the. Signatory' Governments or the claims of
ration (other than merchant ships, inland water
their nationals ./tgainst the Sociallnsurance Agen
transport and German assets in countries whIch
cies of the former German Government; and
remained neutral in the war against Germany), the
(iii) Banlffiotes of the Reichsbank and the Ren
-following general principles shall serve as guides:
tenbank,it being understood that their realization
(i) Any item or related group of items in which
shall not have the result of reducing improperly , a claimant country has a substantial prewar finan·
the amount of reparation and shall not be effected
cial interest shali be allocated to that country if it
without the approval of the Control Council for
so de~ires. Where two or more claimants have
Gerniany.
'
such substantial interests i~ a particular item or
D. Notwithstanding' the prOVISIons of para . group of items, the criteria stated below shall guide
the allocation. '
graph A of this Article, the Signatory Govern
ments agree that, so far as they are concerned, the
(ii) If the allocation between competing cl~im
Czechoslovak Government will be entitlea to draw
ants is not determined by paragraph (i), attention
upon the Giro. Account of the. National Ban.k of
shall be given,among other relevant factors, to the
Czechoslovakia at the Reichsbank, should such ac- . following considerations:
tion be decided upon by the Czechoslovak Gov
(a) Th~ urgency of each claimant country's
ernmentand be approved by the Control Council .
needs for the item or items to rehabilitate, recon
for Germany, in connection with the movement
struct or restore to full· activity the claimant
. from Czechoslovakia to Germany of former
country's economy;
,
Czechoslovak nationals.
, . (o) The extent to which the item. or items
.Article 3. Waiver 0/ Claims Regarding Property Allo
would replace property which was destroyed,
c~ted as Reparation.
.
, damaged. or looted. in the war, or requires re
placement because of excessive wear in war pro
Each of the Signatory Governments agrees that
duction, and which is important to the claimant
. it will not assert, initiate actions in international
country's economy;
tribunals in respect of, .or give diplomatic sup
port to claims on behalf of itself or those persons
(c) The relation of the item or items to the
general pattern of the claimant country's p!8war
entitled to its protection against any other Signa:
51
f'I
n
CI
tl
G
.'
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II
tJ
tl
f.
o
n
, It
S
it
61
a
I,
,<
c'
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, _:, 1'.
',_ -. d .
'::':
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�lA.vi',., HY
c,
27,1946
"
economic life and to programs, for, its' postwar
l't:onomic adjustment or ~evelopment;
(d) The requi,rements of countries whose rep
aration shares are small but which are in need of
t:l'rtain specific items, 01' categories of items.
(iii) In making allocations a reasonable balance
be niaintained among the rates' at which the
n;paration shares of the several claiinant Goyern
Illt'llt::; are satisfied, subject to siIch t~mporary ex
t'l.,;tiolls as are justified by the considerations under
p:,ragraph (ii) (a) ,above.
' '
~ha II
~rlide 5., General Priru;iples lor the Allocation 01
,Jlerclta1lt Ship,~ and Inla~ld Wa'ter Transpor,t.
;\.. (i) German merchant ships available for dis
IJiltion as reparation ,among the Signatory
(iorernments shall be distributed among them in'
proportion to the respective over-all losses of
IIwrehant shipping, on a gross tonnage basis, of
tlw Signatory Governments and theil; natiollal~'
, IllJ'(lUgh acts of war. It is recognized that trans
f,'rs . of mercharitships by the United Kingdom
alid United States Governments to other Govern-"
lliellts are subject to such final approvals by the
lP!!islatures of the United Kingdom and United
Slates of America as may be required.
(ii) A special commi tt~e, com posed of repre
sentatives of the Signatory Governments, shall be
'appointed, by the Assembly of the Inter-Allied
Heparation Agency to make recommendations
c(;ncerning the determination of such losses and
t he allocation of German merchnllt ships available
1'01' distribution.
(iii) The value of German merchant ships for
J'('paration accounting purposes shall be th~ value,
determined by the Tri-partite Merchant Marine
Commission in terms of 1938 prices in Ger
many plus 15 per cent, with an allowance for'
depreciation. '. .
'
B. Recognizing tha't some count:rieshave speciaL
need for inland water transport, the distl'ibution
of inlaild water 'transport shall be dealt with by
1\ $pecial committee appointed by the Assembly
of thetnter-Allied Reparatiop Agency in the evellt
that inland water transport becomes !J.vailable at it
future time'as repai'ation for the'Signatory Gov/ ,
ernments: , The. valuation of inland water trans
port will be made on the basis adopted for the
\'aluation' of merchant ships or on an equital;lle
basis in relation to that adopted for, merchant
ships.
. ',',
t ri
117
..
Article 6. German External Assets.
A. Each Signatory Government shull, under
such procedures as it may choose, hol~ or (lispose
of German enemy assets within its jurisdiction in
manners designed to preclude their return to Ger
man ownership or control and sh~ll chal'ge against
its reparation share such- assets' (net of accrued
taxes, liens, expenses of administration, other in
rem' charges against specific items and legitimate
cOlltract claiIns against the German former owners
of such assets).
B. The Signatory Governments shall give to
the Inter~Allied ~eparation Agency aU informa
tion for which it asks as to the value of such assets
and the amounts realized from time to time by
their liquidation. ,
, C. German assets in those countries which re
inained neutral in the war against Germany shall
be l'emoved from German ownership or control
and liquidated 01' disposed of ,iit accordance with
the authority of France, the Unite,d Kingdom
and the United States of America, pursuant to ar
rangements t.o be negotiated with the neutrals by
these countries. The net proceeds of liquidation
or disposition shall be made available to the Inter
Allied Reparation Agency for distribution on
repal;ation account.
'
D. In applying the provisions of paragmph A
above,assets which ,vere the property of a coun
try which is a member of the United Nations or
its nationals: who were not nationals of Germany
at the time of the occupation or annexation of this
country by Germany, or of its entry into war,. shall
not be charged to its reparation account. It is
understood that this, provision in no wa,}' pre
judges any questions \vhich may arise as regards
assets which were not the property ofa national of
the country concerned at the. time of the latter's
occupation or annexation' by Germany or of its
entry into war.
.",
,E. The German enemy assets to be' charged
againstrepamtion shares shall include assets
which are in reality German enemy assets, despite
the fact that' the nominal owperof such' assets is
, not a Getman enemy.
Each Signatory Government shall enact legis
lation or take other appropriate steps, if it has
not already done so, to' render null and void all
transfers made, 'after the occupation of its terri
tory or its entry into war, for the fraudulent pur
pose of cloaking German enemy interests, and
�\'
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETIN
118
thus s8)~ing th~m harmless froIll the'effect of con~
trol measures regarding German enemy interests.
, ¥. The Assembly of the Inter~Allied Repara~
tion Agency shall set up a Committee of Experts
in matters of enemy property, custodianship in
order to overcome practical difficulties of law and
interpretation which may arise. The Committee
'should in particuIa,r guard against schemes which
might result in effecting fictitioilS or other trans-'
actions designed to favour enemy interests, or to
reduce improperly the amount of' aSsets 'which
might be allocated to, reparation.
in neutral countries which are available for rep
aration.
C. Governments of neutral countries shall be
requested to make available for this purpose (in
addition to the sum of 25 million dollars) assets '
in such countries of victims ,of Nazi action who
have since died 'and left no heirs. '
D. The persons eligible for aid under the plan
, in question' shall be restricted'to true victims of
, Nazi persecution and to their immediate, families'
and depelldents, in 'the following classes:
,
'
'
,
bl
1'1
III'
e~
gt'
to
,
, (i) Refugees from Nazi Germany or Austria
who require aid and cannot be returned to their
Article 7. Captured Supplie&.
countries within a reasonable time because of pre·
The valu~ of supplies and other materials sus
vailing' conditions; ,
,
ceptible of civilian use captured from the Ger~
, (ii) German and Austrian nationals riow resi·
man Armed Forces in.areas outside Germany and , dent in' Germany ~r Austri~ inexceptiorial cases
delivered to, Signatory Governments' shall be
in which it is reasonable on grounds of humanity
, charged against their reparation shares iri' so far
, to assist such persons to emigrate and providing
as such supplies and materials h,ave not been or
they emigrate to other countries within a reason
are not in the future either paid for or delivered
able period;
under arrangements precluding any charge. ' It
(iii) NationaJs of countries formerly occupied
is recognised that transfers of such suppl~es and
by the Gerxnans\vho cannot be repatriated or nre
material by the United Kingdom and United States
not in a position to be repatriated within a reason-·
Governments to other Governments are subject to
able time. In order to concentrate aid on the most
such final approval by the legislature of the United
needy and deserving refugees and to exClude per·
Kingdom or the Unifed States of America as may
sons whose loyalty to theUnited,Nations is or was
be required.
'
doubtful, aid shall 'be' restricted to nationals or
former nationals of previously occupi~d countries
Article 8. Allocation 01 a Reparation ,Share to Non-,
repatriable J'idims 01 German Action.
who were victims of Nazi conceritration camr>s or
..
of concentration' camps established by regimes
. In recognition of the fact that large numbers
under Nazi iJifluence but riot including persons who
of persons have suffered heavily at the hands of
have been confined only in prisoners of,war campS..
the Nazis and now stand in dire need of aid to pro
mote their rehabilitation but will be unable to'
E. The sums made available under paragraphs
claim the assistance of any Government receiviI\g
A and B above shall be administered by the Intel'
reparation from Germany, the Governments of
Governnjentttl Committee on Refugees or by a
'the United States of America, France, the United
United Nations Agency to which appropriate func
Kingdom, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, in con
tions of the Inter~Governmental Committee may
sultation with the, Inter-Governmental Commit
in the future be transferred. The sums made
tee on Refugees, shall as soon as possible work out
availableul!der pa"ragraph C above shall be ad
in common agreement a plan on the following
ministered' for the general purposes referred to -ill.
general lines: '
this Article under a program of administration
to, be formulated by the five Governments named
A. A share of reparation consisting of all the
.
non~monetary gold found by the Allied 'Armed , above.
Forces in Germany and in addition a sum not ex ' " .F.. The non-monetary gold found in Germany
ceeding 25 million dollars shall be allocated for
shall be placed at the disposal of the Inter-Govern
the rehabilitation and resettlement of non-repatd
mental Committee on Refugees as soon as a plan
able victims of German nction.
'
has been worked out as provided nbove.
, R The sum of 25 million dollars shall be met
G. The Inter-G~vernmental Committee on Refu'
from a portion of the proceeds of German assets.
ge~ shall have power t.o carry.out the purposes of
.
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�,,'
119
r4.,·C..j/lY 27, 1946
' {lllld through appl~opriate public. and private
Agency. Th'e, President of the Agency shall be
' . .
I
'the Delegate of the Government of France.,
. (
fie II "I·',rll11isations.
11. The fund 'shall be used, not for the com pensa~ ,
C. The Secretariat shall be under the direction
, ' I (If illdividual victims, but to further the reof a, Secretary Genel~al, assisted by ~wo Deputy
IIPI
•
• •
lillhilitation or resettlement of persons m the ehgl
,Secretaries General. The Secretary General and
bit' r1:1sses.
'
,
the two Deputy Secretaries Gen,eral shall be ap
J. Sot h iIlg in this Article shall be considered to
pointed by the Governments of France, the United
"}'ltdice the claims ,which i,ndividual refugees
States of America and the United Kingdom. The'
I'll
,
111;1 r Iw.l'c ugninst a future German' Goverpment,
Secretariat'shall be international in character. It
t.~t,:.pt to the Rmouht of the benefits that such refu
, shall act for the Agency and not for the individual
,'t't'" IIW," have received from the sources referred
Signatory Governnients.
~) ill paragraphs A, and C above:
'
Ill'
I
,
~
•
Article 4. Fun~tions of the Secretariat. '
, Part II
Inter·Allied Reparation Agency, ,
"trtide 1. Establishment of the Agency.
The' Governments signatory to the present
,\g""('ment hereby establish an Inter-Allied Repa
ration ,Agency (hereinafter referred to as the
.:.\gcllcy"). Each ~Governnlel1t shall appoint a
Delegate to the Agency and shall also be entitled
10 appoint an Alternate who, in the absence of the
Ddegate, shall be entitled to exercise nil the func
r ions and rights of the Delegate.
'
..lrlicle,2. Functions of the Agency.
, ,A. The Agency shall allocate German repara
tion among the Signator.y Governments in accord
alice with the provisions of this Agreement and
of auy other agreements from time to time in force
:lIl1ong the 'Signatory Governments. For this
purpose, the Agency shall be the,medium through
\\'hich the Signatory Governments receive .infor
mation concerning, and, express their wishes in
l'!:gnrd to,items available as reparation.
13. The Agency shall <leal \vithall questions re
'Iatingto the restitution to a Signatory Govern
ment of property situated in one of the W~stern
Zones of Germany which may be referred to it by
the Commander of that Zone (acting on behalf of
his Government), in agreement with the claimant
Signatory Gover'nment or Governments, without
prejudice, however, to the settlement of such ques-'
tions by the Signatory Governments concerned
either by agreement or arbitration.
The Secretariat shn'll have the following func
tions:
A. To prepare and submit to the Assembly pro
grams for the. allocation of German reparations;
B. To maintain detailed accounts of assets avail
able for; and of assets' distributed as, German
reparation;
C. To prepare and submit to the Assembly the
budget of the Agency; ,
,
,D. To perform such other administrlltive func
tions as may be required. '
'
Article 5. Functions of the Assembly.
, Subject to the provisions of Articles 4 and 7 of
'Part II of this Agreement, the Assembly shall allo
cate German reparation among the Signatory Gov
ernments in conformity with the provisions of this
'Agreement andof any other agreements from time,
to time in ~orce among the' Signatory Govern
ments. It shall also approve the budget of the
Agency and shall perform sllch other functions as
,are consisteilt with the provisions of this Agree
ment.
Article 6.' JIoting in ,the Assembly.
Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement,
each Delegate shall have one vote. Decisions in
the, Assembly shall be taken by a majori~y of the
. votes cast.
.
Article 7. Appeal from Decisiims of the Assembly.
A. Wh~11 the Assenibly has not agreed to a claim
presentcd by a Delegate that an item should be
allocated to his Government, the Assembly shall, at
Arti~,le 3. Internal Organization of the Agency;
the request of that Delegate and. within the' time
A. The organs of the Agency shall be the ,As~ , , limit prescribeq. by the Assembly,refer the ques
sembly and the I:)ecretariat.
. tion to arbitration. Such reference shall suspend
B. The Assembly sliall consist of the Delegates
the effect of the decision of the Assembly on that
.. and shall be presided over by the President of the
'item.
.
�120
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETlA
. ' B. The Delegates of the Governments claiming
an item referred to arbitration under paragraph
A above shall select an A,j'bitrator from among
the other Delegates, If agreement cannot be
reached upon the selection of an Arbitrator, the
United States Delegate shall either. act as Arbi
trator ot: appoint as Arbitrator another Delegate
from among the Delegates whose Governments are
not claiming the item, If the United States Gov
er~ment is one of the claimant Governments, the
President of 'the Agency shall appoi:nt 'as Arbitrfi~
tor a Delegate whose Governmeilt is not a claimant
Gover~ment.
'
!
Article 8. 'Powers 01 the Arbi.rator.
When the question of the allocation of any item
is referred to arbitration under Article 7 of Part
II of thisAgreeme~t, the Arbitrator shaH have
authority to make final allocation of the item
among th~ claimant Governments. The Arbitrator
may, at his discretiOll, refer the item to the Secre
tariat for further study. He may also, at his.dis
cretion, require the Secretariat to resubinit the item,
, to the Assembly.
'
,
Article 9. EXp'ens~s~'
Article 10. Voting on the Budget.
,In considering the blidget of the Agency for lint'
budgetary peri()d, the v~te of each Delegate ill th'e
Assembly shall.be proportional to the share of th~
budget for that period payable' by' his Govern.
ment.
ArUcle 11. Official Languages.
, ar.
la:
The official langUages of the Agency shllll Jx.
English and French. '
:Article 12. Offices
pll
tr;.
m;
01 ihe Agency•.
at
. The seat of the Agency shall be in Brussels. The
'Agency shall maintain liaison offices in such other
places as the' Assembly, after 'obtaining the nee·
'essary consents, may qp.eidf>.
to
g<:
of
G<
Article 13. Wi.hdrawal.,
WI
Any Signatory Government, other than a GOY.
ernment which is responsible for the control of
a part'of German territory, may withdraw from
the Agency after written notice to the Secretariat.
Article 14. Amendments and Termination.
This Part II of the Agreement can be amellde!1 .
or the Agency terminated by a decision in the As
sembly of the majority of the Delegates voting.
provided that tl1e Delegates forming the majority
represent Governments whose shares constitute col·
lectively not less than 80:.per cent of the aggregate
of the percentage shares in Category A.
A. Th~ salaries and expenses of the Delegates
, and of their staffs shall be paid by theirown Go,,~
ernments.
B. The common expehses of the Agency shall be
P( ,
met from the funds of the Agency. For the first
U
two years from the date of the establishment of
K
Article 15. Legal CaPacity. Immunities and Privileges.
the Agency, these funds shall be contributed in
til
proportion to the percentage shares of the Signa
su
.The Agency shall enjoy in the territory of eadl
tory Governments in Cat~gory B and ther~after in
'0
Signatory Government such legal.capacity lInti·
proportion to' their percentage shares in Category
such privileges, immunities and facilities, as may
.'!
',.,
'
A.
be necessary for the exercise of its functions and
C. Each Signatory Government' shall contribute
the fulfilment of its purposes. The representativ('s ".::, ..:. tn
its share in the budget ,of the Agency for e~ch
of the Signatory Governments and the officials
budgetary period (as determined by the Assem
of the Agency shall enjoy such privileges lmo :"',
bly) at the beginning of that period; provided that
immunities as are necessary for the independel1t
each Government shall, when this Agreement is
exercise of their functions in connection with tlle
signed on its behalf, contt:ibute a sum equivalent
Agency.
to not less than its Category B percentage share
. Part III
of £50,000 and shaIl,within three mont~ there
after, contribute the balance of its share in the
Restitution of Monetary Gold
'budget of the Agen~y for th~ budgetary period in' ,
. Single Article. '
which this Agreement is'signed on its behalf.
D. All contributions by the Signatory Govern
A.All the monetary gold found in G~rmany b~'
me:nts shall be made in Belgian francs or such.
the Allied Forces and that referred to in para"
graph G below (including gold coins, except those
other currency or currencies as the Agency may re
quire.
of numismati~ or historical value, which shit]) be
',,"
�,121
}.lSVARY 27, 1946
.~\Ol'('d' directly if identifiable) shall be pooled
~}~. distributio?as restitilti?n among t?e. countri~s
.
p.1 "t iril)atinO' III the pool III proportlOn to thelr
b .
'
,
rt''':(H'di\'e losses of gold through lootlllg or by
wl'olldul removal to Germany.
"
. B. ';Without prejudice to claims by way of rep
'1l'at ion for unrestored gold; the portion of mone-'
<'old thus accruing to' each country partici
paiil1,~ in the ~)061 s~HtlI be accep~ed by t~at c0"lqn
t rr in full satlsfactlOn of all cittlms agamst Ger
III;' II \. for restitution of monetary gold.
C." A proportiona~ share of the gold shall" be'
allocnted to each country concerned which adheres
, to tllis arrangement for the restitution of monetary
<'old ;Ind which can establish (hat a definite amount .
~f !IWlIetn:I'Y gold belonging to it was looted by,
(it'l'lIlany or, at any time after March 12th, 1938,
II';lS wrongfully removed into German territory. '
D. Th,eqnestion of the eventual participation
of cOllntries not repl'esented at the Conference
(other than Germany but including Austria and
H;lI~') in, the above-mentioned d~stribution' shall
1)(, reserved, and the equivalent, of the total share~
II'hieh these countr~es would receive, if they were
Pl"elltually admitted ~ participate, shalI' be set
as'ide to be disposed of at a later date in such man
'lwr :lS may be decided by the Allied Governments
etIlH:crned. '
E. The various comitries participating in the
pooL shall, supply to the Governments" of the
linited States of America, France and the. United
Kingdom, as the occupying Powers concerned, de
tailed arid verifiable data: regarding the gold losses
:;uffered through looting by', or removal to,
Germany. .
.
F. The Governillents of the United States of
.\:l1lel'ica; France and the 'United Kingdom shail
take appropriate st~ps within the Zones of Ger
many occupied by them respectively to implement
distribution in accordance with the foregoing pro
VISIOns.
'G. Any monetary gold which may' be recovered
from a third country to which it WaS transferred
,from 'Germany shall be distributed in accordance
with this al;rangement for the restitution of mone
tary gold.
'
;;lIT
Part IV
Entry into. Force and SiW':ature.
Article 1. Entry into Force.
Thi;; Agreement, shall be open JOl: signa'turc on
behalf of any Government represented at the Paris
Conference on Reparation. As soon as it has been
signed on behal~'of'Governmentsc,ollectively enti
tled to not less than 80 per cent of the aggregate of
shares in Category A of German reparation, i~
shall come into force a,mong such Signatory Gov
ernments. The Agreement shall thereafter be in
force among such Q"overilments and those Govern
ments on whose behalf it is subsequently signed.
Article 2. Signature.
The signature of each contracting Goyemment
shall be deemed to mean that the effect of the pres
ent Agreement extends to the .colonies ancl overseas
, territories of, such 'GO\Ternlll€mt, and to territories
under its protection' of 'suzerainty or over which
it at present exercises a mandate.
In witness whereof, the undersif:,'11ed, 'duly au
, thorized by their respective Governments, !la:;e
signed in Paris the present Agreement, in the Eng
lishand French languages, the two texts being
equallyau'thelltic, in a single original, which sllH II
be deposited in the Archives of the Government of
The French Republic, a certified copy thereof being
furnished by that Government to eac.h Signatory,
Government.
'
,,
~ _____ .:. __ for the Governm~nt 'Of ________ _
104
____ ~~ ___ for the Gov~rnmcntof ________ _
104
UNANIMOUS RESOLUTIONS BY THE CONFERENCE
The Conferen:ce has also unanimollsly agreed to
. include .the followjng Resolution:;: in . the Final
Act: .
L German Assets in the Neutral Countries.
The Conference unanlmously resolves that the
countries whi~h remained neutral in th~ war
against Germany should be prevailed upon by 1tli
suitable means to recognize the reasons of justice
and of international security policy which moti
vate the Po\vers exercising supreme authority in
Germany an<;J. the othet' Powers participating in
this Confel'ence in their efforts to extirpate the
German holdings il! the neutral countries.
2; Gold transfered 'to the Neutral C~untries.
The, Conference unani~ously' resolves that,. in
conformity with' the policy expressed by the
United Nations Declaration Against Axis Acts of
Dispossession of.T anuary 5th, 1943 ltnd the United
Nations Declaration on Gold of February 22nd,
�.122
1944, the c.ountries which remained neutral ~n the
war against Germany be prevailed upon to ma~e
available for distribution in accordance with Part
III of the foregoing Agreement all ·looted gold .
transferred Into their territories from Germany.
3. Equality of Treatment regarding Compensation
for War Damage..
I·
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETIN
ANNEX.
1. Resolution on the subject of Restitution.
The Albanian, Belgitu~, CZ<lchoslovak,. Danish,
French, Greek, Indian, Luxembourg, Netherland~
and Yugoslav Delegates agree to accept as the
basis of a restitution policy the following prin
ciples:
.. (a ) The question of the restitution of propel"\'
. The Conference unanimously resolves that, in
removed by the Germans from the Allied countri~!i
the administration of reconstruction or compensa
must be examined in all cases in the light of the
tiOl~ benefits for war damage to property, the treat
United Nations Declaration of Janu'ary 5th, 1!)·!il,
ment accorded by each Signatory Government to
'( b) In general, restitution should be confined to
physical persons who are nationals and to legal .
identifiable g?ods which (i) existed at the till\('
. persons who are nationals of or are owned by na
of occupation of the country concerned, and were
tionals of any other Signatory Government, so far
removed with or without payment;' (ii) ';Vere pro
as they have not been compensated after the war
for the same property under any other form. or . duced during the occupation and obtained by 11ll·
act of force.
on any other occasion. shall be in principle not
(c) In cases where articles removed by the ell
less favourable than that which· the Signatory
emy cannot be identified,. the claim for replace
GovernIl).ent accords to its own nationals, In view
meIlt should be part of the general reparation
of the filet that there are many special problems
.
claim of the country concerned.
of reciprocity related to this principle, it is recog
(d) As an exception' to the above principles,
nized that in certain cases the actual implementa
objects (including books, manuscripts and docll
tion of the principle cannot be achIeved except
ments) of an artistic, histo~ical, scientific (exclud
through special agreements between Signatory
ing equipment of an industrial character), educa
Governments.
.
tional or religious character which have beel]
Reference to the A'li'Q-ew to the Final Act.
lo'oted by the enemy occupying Power shall, ~o far
as possible,be replaced by equivalent objeCts if
During the course of the Conference, statements
they are no~ restored.
were made by certain Delegates, in the. terms set
(e) With respect to the restitution of looted
out in the attached Annex, concerning matters not
goods which were produced during the occupation
within. the competence of theConference·but hav
and which. are still in the hands of German COIl
ing a close relation with its work. The Delegates
cerns or residents of Germany, the burden of proof
whose Governments are represented on the Control
of the original ownership of the goods shall rest
Council for Germany undertook to bring those
on the claimants and the burden of proof that the
statements to the notice of their, respective Go,,~
goods were acquired by a regular' contract shall
ernments.
rest on .the holders.
.
In witness whereof , the undersigned 11!t~e signed
(f) 411 necessary facilities under the auspices of
the present Final Act of the Paris Conference on
. the Commanders-in-Chief of the occupied Zones
Reparation.
'
shall be given to the Allied States to send ,expert
. Done in Par:is on December 21, 1945, in the Eng
missions into Germany to search for looted prop
lish and French languages, the two' texts being
erty and to identify, store and remove it to its
equally authentic, in a single original, which shall
country of origin.
be deposited in the Archives of the Government
(g) German holders of looted p.roperty shall be
of the French RepUblic, certified copies 'thereof,'
compelled to declare it to the control authorities;
being furnished by that Government to all the
stringent penalties shall be attached to infractions
Governments represented at that Conference...
of this obli~ation. .
____________ Delegate of the
2. Resolution on Reparation from Existing Sto·cks
Government of _________ _
and Current Production.
.
___ , ________ Delegate of the
Government of _________ _
The· Delegates' of Albania, Belgium, Czechos]()
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�JANUARY 27. 1946
. '
"
}ices of
'. Zones
expert
~ prop- .
to its'
. ' ,
1-23
.
,.akin, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greec'e, India,'
tuting the German economy, ~ricluding assets be
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Yugo- . longing to a United Nation or to Its nationals, but
exCluding looted property, which is to be restored.
~lavia,.
.
- III view of the decision of the Crimea Conference
(b) In g~neral, property bel<?nging legitimately
that Germany shall make compensation to the
to a United. Nation or to)tsnationals, whether,
"['cutest possible extent for the losses and suffering
wholly oW!led or in the form of a, shareholding of
~·hich she has inflicted on the United Nl1tions, .
more (han 48 percent, shall so far as possible be
Considering that it will not be possible to satisfy , excluded from the part of German property con-,' .
the diverse needs of the Governments entitled to
'sidered to be available as reparation. '
l'l'paration unless the assets to be allocated are suffi
«(J) The .-Control Council shall determine the
ciently varied in nature and the methods of.alloca
. cases in which minority shareholdings of a.United
tioll are s'ufficiently flexible,.
'
Nation or its nationals shall be treated as forming'
Express the hope th~t no category of economic
part of the property of a German juridical person
'l'l':,ources in excess of Germany's requirements as
and therefore hav.ing the same status a.s' that
juridical person.
.
ticfined in Part III, article. 15 of the Potsdam Dec
laration, due account being taken of article ,19 of
(d) The foregoing provisions do not in any way
the,same Part,shall in principle be excluded from·
prejudice the r~moval'ordestruction of concerns
the assets, the sum total of which should serve to
controlled by interests of. a United Nation Or of its
llIeet the reparation claims of the Signatory Gov i. nationals when thi's is necessary for security
ernments.
. reasons.
It thus follows' that certain special needs of dif
(e) In cases where an asset which is the legit
ferent countries will not ,be met without recourse,
imate property of one of the United Nations or
in particular, to German existing stocks, current
its nationals has been allocated as reparation, or
production and services, as well as Soviet recipro '. destroyed, part,icularly in the cases refel:red to in
cal deliveries ui1der Part IV of the Potsdam Dec
paragraphs b, (J, and d above, equitable compensa- .
laration.
tion to the extent of the full value of this asset
It goes without saying that theforegoing~shall . shall be granted by the Control Council to the
Le w'jthoutprejUdice to the necessity of achieving
United Nation concerned as'a charge on the Ger
the economic disarmament of Germany.
'man economy. This compensation shall, when
The above-named Delegates would therefore
possible, take the form of a shareholding of equal
<leern it of advantage were the Control Council to . value in German assets of a similar character
which ha~enot been ~l1ocated as reparation.
furnish'the Inter-Allied Reparation Agen'cy with'
'
. (I) In order to ensure that the property in
lisfs of existing stocks, goods from current pro
Germany of persons declared by one'of the United'
duction and services, as such stocks, goods or serv
Nations'to be collaborators or traitors shall be
ices become available as reparation. The Agency.
taken from them, the Control Council ,shall give
should, at all times, be ina position to advise the
Control Council of the special needs of the differ
effect inGer~any t6 legislative. measures and
ent Sigilatory Governments.
.
juridical decisions by courts of the United Nation
concerned in regard to. collaborators or traitors'
3. Resolu#on regarding Property in Germany
who are nationals of that United Nation or were
belonging to. United Nations or their nationals~ .
'nationaJs of that United Nati~n at the date of its '
The Pelegates of Albania, Belgium, Czechoslo
occupation Or annexation by Germany or entry
vakia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, the' Nether
into the war. The Control Council shall give to
lands, Norway and Yugoslavia, taking into ac
the Government of such United Nation facilities
. count the fact thatthe burden of reparation should.
to take title to and ,possession of such assets and:
fall on the German people, recommend that the . to dispose of them: .
.
following rules be cobserved regarding the alloca
4. Resolution on captured War Materiel.
tion as reparation of property (other than ships)
situate~ in Germany:
'
.
The Delegates of Aibania, Belgi~in, Denmark,
(a) .To determine the proportion of German
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Czecho
property available as 'reparation, account.shall be
slovakia and Yugoslavilt, taking account of the
fact that part of the war materiel seized by the
taken of the sum total of property actually ~onsti-
,
�,
-
DEPARTMENT"o,F STATE BULLETIN
124
Allied Armies in Germany is of no use to these 'gates of the Agency should, in so far as they are
Armies but would, on the other hartd, be of use
payable in a currency which is legal tender in
to other Allied countries recommend:
Germany,be paid as a charge on the German eeon.
(a) That, subject to Resolutjon 1 of this Annex
'omy.
on the subject of restituti~n, war material which
,
.
7:R,esolution on the 'Property of War Criminal~
was taken' in the Western Zones, of Germany and
..
which has neither been put to any uSe nor destroyed'
The Deiegates. of Albania, Belgium, Frallce,
I as being of no value, and which is not needed by
. Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia exthe Armies of Occupation oris in excess of t~eir
press the, view that:
'
' ,
'
, requirements, shall be put at the disposal of coun
'
.
(a ) The le!!isiation in force in Gerrnany against
.
lC
Ion rom
~
t rles wh' h h ave a. rIght to" recen:e repara t' f '
the Western Zones of Germany, and;
,,'
German war criminals should'provide for the eOIl
(b) That the competent authorities shall deter ' fiscation' of the property in 'Germany of those erim·
mine, the available types and quantities of this
inals, if it does not do so a,lready;
(b) The property so confiscated, except ,such 'ns
materiel and shall submit lists to the Inter-Allied
Reparation Agency, which shall proceed in ac- . " is already available as r~pa,ration or restitution.
cordance with the provisions of Part II of the. ' ' should be liquidated by the Control Council and the
above Agreement.'
' n e t proceeds of the liquidation paid to the Inter.'
, Allied Reparation Agency' for division according
5. Resolution on German Assets in th~ Ju1ia~ March
to the principles set out in the foregoing, Agree.
ment.
, and theDode~anese.
The Delegates of, Greece,the Unite'd Kingdom,
and Yugoslavia (being the Delegates ofthe coun~
, tries primarily concerned), agree that:
(a) The German assetsinVenezia,Giulia (Ju
lian March) and in the I>odecanese shall be taken
into custody by the military authorities in occu- ' '
pation of those parts of the territory which they
now occupy, until the territorial questions have
been decided; and
(b) As soon as a decision on the territorial
questi,ons has been reached,' the liquidation of, the
assets shall be undertak¢n in conformity with the
provisions of Paragraph A of Article 6 of Part I
of the foregoing Agreement by the countries whose
sovereignty over,the disputed territories has been·
.recognized.
,6. Resolution on Costs relating to Goods Delivered
from Germany as Reparation.
The Delegates of Albania, Australia, Belgium, '
Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, India,
Luxembourg, Norway,New Zealand, the Nether
lands, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, recommend
that the costs of dismantling, packing, transport
. ing, handling, loading and all other costs of a geI,l
eral nature relating to goods to be delivered from
Germal:lY as reparation, until the goods in ques
tion luive I>assed the German frontier'J:nd expendi;.
ture incurred in Germany for the account of the
Inter-AtliedReparation Agency or of the Dele
,
,
8. Resolution on Recourse to the International
Court of Justice.
•
1
r,
J
,,'('
t
r
~
Ci
h
IIi
'"
The Delegat~ 'of Albania, Australia, Belgium,
Denmark, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
,Norway, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia recom·
mend that:
.t<
: Subject to the provisiopsof Article 3 of Part I
,qf the foregoing Agreement, the. Signatory Gov·
. ernment~ agree to have recourse to the Iilterl1ll'
'tiona} Court of Justice for the solution of eveI'}'
conflict of law' or of competence arising out of the
provisions of the foregoing Agreement which hilS
. not been submitted· by the parties concerned to
amicable solution or' arbitration.
····01
Agriculture in th~ Americas
The following article of interest to readers. of
the BUI.U!lTIN appeared in tbe December.' Issue
of Agriculture in the Amerioos, a publication of
the Department of Agriculture, copies of which
may be obtained from the Superintendent· of
Documents, Government PrInting Otflce, for 10
'
cents each:
"Brazil's Sugar Industry": by Hubert Maness,
now aSsistant agricultural economist, American
Embassy, Chungking" and formerly vice consul
at Rio de Janeiro.
~=======================-
tc
fiJ
10
8[
::,"th
" wi
'bo
�524
•
•'
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1946, VOLUME V
for light industry must be ~llowed to vary as time requires. He
stressed that production' in light industry must be based on world
markets and, therefore, that a.mount and type of, production may
va.ry considerably; He also stressed that in the plan. it 1ms been as
sumed that the Saar ang Ruhr are an integral part of Germany i
that, this being a: Governmental problem, it could not 'be ra.ised in
the Control Council, but that, if ',boundary' or other cha.nges should
be made, the agreed pHmwould have to be modified as it probably
would no longer be sound.
Koeltz stated that French interpretatiori w'as that maximum amount
of food imports indefinitely wa~ 1.5 billion reichsmarks (1936 va,lue).
,Ite ~tated that this,:would_be_the.French-position·even if the popula.
tion should,exceed the assumed 66.5 million. He stated that any
,pop~lation increase could not 'be allowed to affect the proposed com
.
mercial balance.
Robertson agreed with Clay's above comments and emphasized
th'e British contention that a population of over 66.5 million would
require modification of the plan. He nsked Sokolovsky for the Rrut
sian view on this point, and received the, reply that the British worry .
on this score is imaginary as Sokolovskybelieves tMt the p.opulation .
figure will prove to be under66.5niillion.Robertson stressed t.hat
he could not accept t.he pIal). until it had been referred to the British
GoVt-. It was agreed that the provisional acceptance of the plan
would allow' the Economic Directorate to proceed. ' .
'
.
.
MURPHY
, 740,00119 Control (Germany)/2-:-2446: Telegram
The Secretary of State to the United States Politica~ Adviser for
. ,Germany (Mwrphy)
'WASIIlNOTON, March 12,.1946--6 p. m.
645. Secret.ary of War has written letter to me 5~ of tenor compar.
able to your 602 of Feb 24. He reports Military Govt belief tIlat
unwillingness .of 'Western Powers to .take ~ stand on frontier issue
is giviilg Soviet Military Govt and Communist Party. great prop:!..
ganda Rdvantag~.. Letter concludes "It is also reported that it will be
difficult to prevent the spread of this development unless the political
parties in the Western Zone can be given license to discuss the above
find similar issues, that to permit a discussion of the French position
,,-ill no doubt arouse French resentment; and it is believed that the
prohibition !l.g:ainst polit.ical discussions of critical issues interferes
SECRET
(}J.~h ruJ1 ~ . k •
.
/VlQI.A.IltJ 525 4lp.
C I1n.h.#.-~,
. ~ ~'-'"
'..
'GERdANY
. cS
j){ I'f-ch If<-
with the nchiev~ment of our objectives,in Germany . .In view.of the
fOf'('going it appears desirable that. our present policy concerning
politica.I discussions in Germany should. be reviewed as a matter of
urgency."
Your comments wouldW appreciated.
BYRNES
1I6:!'~0/3-846 : Telegram
The Secretary of State to the United States Political Adviser for
Ge7'11U1.ny (Murphy)
W'ASHINGTON, Minch 14, 1946-9 p. in.
667. Our. attitude toward French' reservation on level of German.
dyestuff' production as detailed in urtel 729 and 730 59 and by Clay to
War Dept. ill Oc 1112 of March 8,60 iS'firm opposition. Dept urges
that you make no concessions to French on pharmaceuticals and dye
stuffs. ·War Dep~ sending ~imilar message. We do not regard this
issue as a disarmament issue in any respect.'
Dept believes that French' rlesire to use this action to replace Ger
many in: export markets. U.S. policy as stated in Para. 7 of Dec 12;
stat~ment 61 is opposed to such action. ,
French participated with Germans in pre-war dyestuffs' cartel.
U.S. is anxious to break the German cartel but does not wish in doing
so to fost.er a French-controlled world cartel. 'Ve are not yet satisfied
'rith the abrogation of French-German dye-industry arrangement
made during the occupation.'
.
You are authorized to communicate the substance of U.S. views as
slated in this cable to French represent.atives in Berlin if necessary.ell
Sent to Berlin as 667 repeat to Paris as 1185 and Brussels as 229 for
Angel] as 180..
SECRET
B~.NEB
140,00lI9 EW13-1646: CIrcular telegram
The Secretary of State to Oertain Diplomatic Representatives 83
u.s. UltGENT
RESTRICTED
WASHINGTON, March 16, 1946-8 a. m.
;FoUowing is substance of JCS directive to Commanders US zones
,. Both telegrams dated March 8, Pp. 520 and 523, respectively.
Not prlnte!l.
,
"Statement by the J:)epartment of State on the Reparation Settlement and the
l'encetime Economy of Germany ; for text, see Department of State Bu~Zetin,
D~ember 16, 1945, p. 960.
.. Telegram 884; March 26. 11 p. m., from Berlin, reported final acceptance by
tbe French of the figures previously accepted provisionally, I.e., prOductive capac
Ity of 332 million relchsmarks for, pharmaceuticals, 36.000tnn!'! f",. lI ... n~'''4''o
~H'l" 11 A""", ... ,..,,, ....... "',. ....... ...,.-.
to
,!
.
.'
�....... v
..'''''' ... _
.... \.01.1.
... ~ _ _ ~ ..................
~
...... ,
......
~tJ,
f V _ ......._ _
.'
Germ~d Austria rerestitution, to Italy, Hungary, Rumania and
FiRla_d to Austria from Germany which is supplement to out
,standing directive re restitution to United Nations.
.'
Pending agreement in Control Council on scope of. restitution 6f to
abo.ve-named countries US zone commanders instructed to undertake
interim program of restitution to governments of these countries of
specified categories of identifiable property acquired by Germany
through act of force or removed to Germany or Austria without com
pensation and removed from Italy between Sept 3, 1943 to. May 15,
1945; from Hungary behveen .Tan 20, 1945 and May 15, 1945; from
Rumania between Sept 12, 1944 and May 15, 1945;, from Finland
between Sept Hf,-1944 and May 15, 1945 and from Austria between
March 12, 1938 and May 15, 1945.65 .
Following summarizes categories of property covered by directiyc
(a) whole range of cultural and artistic works, museum collections,
libraries, archives, etc. (Restitution,of this category requires only
submission of satisfactory proof of ideiltifiability bj' claimant Govt
irrespective of circumstances of removal.) ,(b) Heavy and 'power
driven industrial and agricultural equipment, communication, power
and. transportation equipment, except .sea-going vessels (0) ~ther
property (except gold,· securities and foreign currencies) found in
storage or bulk form. (Restitution of this category need-not be made
if zone commander considers restit.ution would jeopardize minimum
requirements German or Austrian economy or require additional US'
assistance to Germany or Austria).
Zone commander may defer restitution transportation equipment
pending formulation of over-all program so as not to reduce available
transportation below need for purposes of occupation, miXl.imum re·.
quirements of German and Austrian economy and j'ecommendations
of ECITO.
.. Under cover of despatch 3224, April 27, llr. Murpby transn;itted the text of
Ii paper (CORC/P (46) 143, April 17) ngre('(1 upon hy the Coordinating Com
mittee, establishing quadripartite procedures. for restitution to be observed by
the zonal commander!! in each zone in implementing the' agreed' dellnition of
rest:itution, contaIned in telegram 160, .Tanuary-19, from Berlin, p. 489. COllcern
ing the eligibility of nations to file claims, it reads: .. ~o nation shall be eligible
tor restitution unless its territory wns occupied in whole or in pnrt.by the Ge,'man
armed forces or the forces of her allies and unless it IS a Uuited Nation, or shall
have beenspeeilled by the Allied Control CounciL" (740.00110 EW /4-2746) _
.. In a circular telegram dated July 1, the Department cpanged the periods
(·overing restitution of pro])l'rty as follows: "Property in question was taken from
Italy during period of 25 July 1943 to 15 May 19·15; from Hungary during period
15 Oct 1944 to 15 May 1945; from Rumania during period 23 Aug 1944 to 15 Mar
1945 and from.,Finland during period 2 Sept 1944 to Hi May 194!). Period tor
.Austria remains unchanged; i.e., 12 ~Iar lU38 to 15 May 1045." (740,OOl1!l'
l<~W /7-146)
,
Subsequently, asreported in War Department's telegram 87749, December 1·1.
from the .Joint Chiefs of Staff to General McNarney (not printed) ; Bulgaria
and Albania were added to the lIst of countries eligible for restitution with the
·limiting dates September 9, 1944. to May 15, 1945, and July 25, 1943, to May 15.
1945, ·respectively (SWNCC 204).
"
GERMANY .
527
•
Please deliver to govt to which you are accredited memo.g
, following lines:
-" "
"Pimdlng agreement. on scope of restitution among occupying
powers of Germany and Austria the govt of US has instructed the
Commanders in Chief of. US zones of occupation in Germany and
Austria to undertake an interim program of restitution to t~e govt
of (blank) of identifiable property other than gold securities and
currencies removed from (blank) during the period from (blank)
,to (blank).
.
.
"Accordingly govt of US invi·tes the (blank) govt to submit to
the US govt one or more lists of such property which (blank) govt
has reason to believe may be located in US zones of occupation in
Germany or Austria. These lists should, so f:iv as possible~ refer
separately to such_property believed to be in Germany and Austria..
They should further-·contam as much description of property as pos
sible and as may be required to enable occupym~ authorities to identify
property and should include all available mfo as. to location of
. property.
.
. "Following the receipt of th~e lists, which may be submitted
~erja!im and which may indicate pri<?rities in the urgency of returJ?-.1
It IS mtended, where necessary, to mVlte(blank) govt to send a small
mission to US zones of occupation in Germany-and Austria for purpose
of. idez:t!fyingsuch of the listed p'roperty. as. e~ch 01 the occupying
authorIties may have been able to -discover ill hiS zone."·
;
!;;
Lists received by mission should be transmitted directly to Murphy
in Germany or Erhardt in Austria for delivery to US military authori
_
ties. Please make a.vailable to Dept. duplicates of any lists forWarded
to ·Berlin or Vienna. For your info, practice has been for military
authorities to extend atapproprilllte time invitation to govts concerned
for missions to proceed to US zone.
BYRNES
740.00119 Control (Germany) 1~1946: Telegram
.The United States Political Ad-viaer-tor Germany (Murphy) to the
Secretary; of State
BEBLIN,March 19, 1946-10 p. m.
URGENT
[Received March 24--8 : 4.1 a. m.]
814. Your 645, March 12,6 p. m., regarding letter fro~ Secretary of
War on political discussions ill Germany. It is true in'my opinion that
uncertainty regarding the German western: settlement, and also French
opposition to central German adIninistrrutive agencies, national trade
unions and national political party. activity, provide excellentmll.terilll
fQr German left propaganda which is not distasteful to our Soviet
cOlleagues. This propaganda includes public criticism by Soviet
sponsored Germans of the conduct of a.ffairs in the western zones. We,
however, do not wish to be placed in a position of lending approval to
81!lORET
:!
!'
�~lbo,r(1
226
\ L(~
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
•
4., For the consideration of urgent problems affecting both soqthern and
northern' Korea and for the elaboration of measures establishing permanent
coordination in administrative-economic matters between the United ' States com
mand in southern Korea and the Soviet command in northern Korea, a con
ference of the representatives of the United States and Soviet commands in '
Korea shall be convened within a period of two weeks.
---
?-27
Heavy tractors.
Primary aluminum.
Magnesium.
Beryllium.
,
0) Vanadium produced from Thomas Slags.
(k) Radioactive materials .
.(1) Hydrogen peroxide above 50 percent strength.
, '( m) Specific war chemicals and gases.
(n) Radio transmitting equipment.
Facilities for the production of synthetic gasoline and oil, synthetic ammonia
and synthetic rubber, and ball and taper-roller bearings will be temporarily
retained to meet domestic requirements until the necessary imports are available
and can be paid for.
March 26, 19462
'The Plan was, adopted by the Allied Control Council in Berlin on March 26, 1946 and
released to the press in Berlin March 28, in Washington April 1, 1946. Department of
State, Bulletin, Vol. XIV (1946), pp. 6;6·639.
APPENDIX
(f)
(g)
(h)
.0)'
XVIII
PLAN OF THE ALLIED CONTROL COUNCIL FOR REPARATIONS
AND THE LEVEL OF POST-WAR GERMAN ECONOMY
The plan for reparations and the level of postwar German economy in
accordance with the Berlin protocol:
1. In it.ccordance with the Berlin protocol the Allied Control Council is to
,determine, the amount and character of the industrial capital equipment un- ,
necessary for the German peace economy and therefore available for repara
tions. The guiding priQciples regarding the plan for reparations and the 1evel
of the post-war German economy, ill accordance with the Berlin protocol, are:
(a) Elimination o£ the German war potential and the industrial disarmament
of Germany.
', '
'
(b) Payment of reparations to the countries which had suffered from
German aggression.
'(c) Development of agriculture and peaceful industries.
(d) Maintenance in Germany of av.erage living standards not exceeding the
average standard of living of European countries (excluding the United King
'
dom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).
(e) Retention in Germany, after payment of reparations, of sufficient re
sources to enable her to maintain herself without external assistance.
2. In accordance with these principles; the basic elements of the plan have,
been accepted. The assumptions Of the plan are:
_'
(a) That the population of postwar Germany will be 66.5 millions.
(b) 'That Germany will be treated as a single economic unit.
(c) That exports from Germany ,will be acceptable in the international
markets.
,
'
'
Prohibited Industries
1. In order to eliminate Germany's war potential, the production of arms,
ammunition,and implements of war as well as all types of aircraf.t and, sea
going ships is prohibited and will be prevented.
'
2. All industrial capital equipment for'the production of the following items
is to be eliminated:
'
(a) Synthetic gasoline and oil.
(b) Synthetic rubber.
(c) 'Synthetic ammonia.
(d) Ball ~d taper·roller bearings.
(e) Heavy machine tools of (;:ertain types.
(h(u . ~(P.4b
"
i;
Restricted Industries, Metallurgical Industries '
/
li
~
~
!
i
1. Steel
" ,(a) The productiontapacity of the steel industry to be left in Germany
should be 7,500,000 ingot tons. This figure to be subject toreview for further
reduction should this appear necessary.
(b) The allowable production of steel in Germany should not exceed 5,800,
000 ingot tons in any futUre year without the specific' approval of the Allied
, Control Council, but this figure will be subject to annual review by the Control
' .
'.
Council. .
(c) The steel plants to be left in Germany under the above program should,
as far as practicable, be the older o n e s . .
,2. Non-ferrous metals. The annual consumption of non-ferrous metals ,(in
cluding exports of products containing these metals) is fixed at the following
quan~ities: ,
, Copper ................. :.:: ..... : ..... 140,000 tons
Zinc' '. .... '.....•'..............'........ 135,000 tons
Lead ....... : ....... , . .' .. .-....... , . : .. 120,000 to~s
Tin ................., ....... , .. ,...... 8,000 tons
Nickel ........ :.: .....................' 1,750 tons
Chemical Industries
1. Basic chemicals. In the basic·chemical industries' there will be retained
40 perwit of the 1936 production capacity (measured by sales in 1936 values)."
This group includes the following basic chemicals: nitrogen, phosphate, calcium
carbide, sulphuric acid, alkalies, and chlorine. In addition, to obtain the re
quired quantities of fertilizer for agriculture, existing capllCity for the produc-.
tion of nitrogen through the synthetic-ammonia process will be retained until
the necessary imports of nitrogen are available and can be paid for.
2. Other chemicals. Capacity will be retained for the group of other chemical
production in the amount of 70 percent of the 1936 production capacity (meas.
. ured by sales in 1936 values), This group includes chemicals for bUilding sup
plies, consumer·goods items, plastics, industrial supplies, and other miscel
laneous chemical products.'
,'
. . 3. Dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic fibers. In the pharmaceutical
industry there will be retained capacity for the annual production of 80 percent
�228
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of J:?e 1936 ,production (measured by sales in 1936 values). Capadtywill be
retaIned to produce annually 36,000 tons of dyestuffs and 185,000 tons of
, synthetic fibers.,
. M~hineManut~/uring and Bngineering
1. Machine tools. For the machine-tool industry there will' be retained· 11.4
percent, of 1938 capacity, with additional restrictions on the type and size of
machine tools whiCh may. be produced.
.
.
· 2.' Heavy engineering. In the heavy-engineering industries there will be re
tained 31 percent of 1938 capacity. These industries produce metallurgical
equipment, heavy mining machinery, material-handling pl~t~, heavy power
equipment (boiletsand turbines, prime movers, heavy compressors, and ~rbo.
blowers and turbopumps) .
. .
3. Other mechanicaf engineering. In Other mechanical-engineering" industries
there will be retained 50 percent of 1938 capacity. "Thisgroup 'produces con
structional equipment, textile machinery, consumer-goods equIpment,' engi
neering small- tools, food'processing equipment, woodworking machines, ~d '
other machines and apparatus.
.
4. ElectroengineerlOg. In. the e1ectroengineering industries there will be.
retained 50 percent of 1938 production capacity (based on sales in 1936 values).
Capacity to produce heavyefectrical equipment is to be reduced'to 30 percent of
,1938 production or 40,000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value) .. Heavy electrical
equiJ'ment is defined as generators and, converters, 6,000 lew. and over; high
· tensIOn' switch gear; and large transformerS, 1,500 kva and over. Electroengi.
neering, other than heavy electrical equipment, includes electric lamps and light
fittings, installation materials, electri~ heating and domestic appliances, ,cables
and wires, telephone and telegraph apparatus, domestic radios, and other elec- '
·trical equipnie!Jt. Export of specified types of radio receiving sets is forbidden,
•
•
229
. 4. Optics and precision instruments. Capacity will be retained to produce
precision instruments in the value of 340,000,000 reichsmarks (193~ value),
of which 220,000,000 reichsmarks is estimated as required for domestic use'
and 120,000,000 reichsmarks for export. A further limitation for this industry
is possible, subject to the recommendation of the Committee for the Liquidation
of ,German War Potential.
.
.
'
.
Mining Industries
1. Coal. Until the Control Council otherwise decides,. coal production will
be maximized as far as mining supplies and transport will allow. The minimum
production is estimated at 155,000,000 tons (hard coal equivalent), including
at least 45,000,000 tons for export. 'The.necessary supplies and services to this
.
end will be arranged to give the maximum production of coal.
2. Potash. The production of potash is estimated a~ over 100 percent of the ..
1938 ' l e v e l . '
,
,, .
,
Blectric Power
There'will be retained 'an installed capacity of 9,000,00okw.
.
I
.,
~i
.
Transpo~t Bngineering
1. Transportation industry.
(a) In the automotive industry capacity will be retained to produce annually
80,000 automobiles, including 40,000 passenger cars, 40,000 trucks, and 4,000
light road tractors. .
.
.'
.
"
-(b) Capacity will be retained to produce annually 10,000 motorcycles with
cylinder sizes between 60 and 250 cc~ Production of'motorcycles with cylinder .
.
,
sizes of more than. 250 cc. is prohibited,
. (c) In the locomotive industry llvailable. capacity will be used exclusively .
for the repair of the existing stock of locomotiyes in order to build up a p<?91 of
15,000 locomotives, in 1949. A decision will be made later as to the proauction
of new locomotives after 1949.
.
(d) Sufficient capa<;ity will be retained to produce annually 30,000 freight
. cars, 1,350 passenger coaches, and 400 luggage vans.
"
.
2.' Agricultural machinery. To permit maximization of agriculture, capacity
will be retained for an wnual production of 10,000 light agricultural tractors.
Existing capacity for the production of other agricultural eql,lipment, estimated
at 80 percent of'1938 levels, is to be retained, subject to restrictions on the type
,
and power of the equipment which may be produced.
3. Spare parts. In estimating capacities there will be taken into accoul\t the
production of normal quantities of spare parts for transport and agricultural
machinery.
APPENQIX
."-:
Cemenl
Capacity will beretaiOed to produce 8,000,000 tons of cement annually..
,
Other Industries
1. The estimated levels of.the following industries have been calculated as
shown as necessary for the German economy in 1949:
.
. (a) Rubber. 50,000 tons, including 20,00.0 tons from reclaimed rubber and
30,000 tons from imports.
' '.
(b) Pulp, paper,-and printing. 2,129,000 tons, based on 26 kg. per head
per annum in 1949 plus 400,000 tons for export.
.
. (c) T~xtiles anc) clothing industries. 665,000 tons of fiber, based on 10
.
kg. per head for 1949 and .induding 2 kg. for export~
(d) Boots and shoes. 113,000,000 pairs, based on 1.7 pairs per head in, .
."
.' .
1949 (figure excludes needs, of occupying forces),
Production may exceed the above estimates in this paragraph (other industries)
.'
unless otherwise determined by the Control Council.
2. Building. No level w~ll be determined for 1949. The industry, will be
free to develop within the limits of available resources and the licensing system.
3. Building-materials industries. (including cement). Existing capacity will
. be retained. Production. will be in accordance with building licensing and
export requirements..
.
. 4. Other unrestricted industries. For the following industries no levels have
been determined 'for 1949. These industries are free to develop within the
limitations of available resources. 'These industries are as follows:
(a) Furniture and woodwork.
(b) Flat glass, bottle glass, and domestic glass.
(c) Ceramics.
( d) Bicycles.
( e ) Motorbicycles under 60 cc.
(f) Potash.
General Level of Industry
It is estimated that the general' effect of the plan is a r~duction in the level
�230
a,
•
cf~lv
'" \.D
-
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of industry as a whole to a figure about 50 or 55 percent of the prewar level
in 1938 (excluding building and building-materials industries).
Exports and Imports
The following agreement has been reached with respect to exports and
. ' . '.
.
.
imports:
(a) That the value of elCf'Orts from Germany shall be planned as 3,000,
000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value) for 1949, and that sufficient industrial ca
pacity shall be retained to produce goods to this value and' to cover the internal
requirements in Germany in a~cordance with<the Potsdam Declaration.
. . (b) That approved imports will not exceed 3,000,000,000 reichsmarks (1936
value). as compared with 4,200,000,000 reichsmarks in 1936.
(c) That of the total proceeds from exports it is estimated that not more
than 1,500,000,000 .reichsmarks can be utilized to pay for imports of food and
fodder if this will be required, with the understanding that, after all imports
approved by the Control Council are paid for, any portion of that sum not
needed for food aQd fodder will be used to pay for costs of occupation, and .
services such as transport insurance, etc.
Determination of Capacities AvailabJe for Reparations
1. . After the approval of this plan, the existing cap~ities ·of the separate.
branches of production shall be. determined, and a list of enterprises available
_.
for reparations shall be compiled.
2. After decisions have. been given OJl the matters now referred to the co
. ordinating. committee, the Economic Directorate would propose to prepare the
final plan embodying these decisions ami including a description of the various
features of the plan, such as: disarmament, reparations. postwar 'German
economy, and the GermaQ blllance of trade.
.. -
XIX,
'AllIED AGRE;EMENT ON CONTROL MACHINERY FOR AUSTRIA
June 28, 19461
Preamble
The Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the United States of America, ·the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
and the Government of the French Republic (hereinafter called the four
powers):
..
'.
.
. .
In view of the declaration issued at Moscow on November I, 1943, in the
name of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ,whereby· the three governments
announced their agreement that Austria should be liberated from German domi
nation, and declared that they wished to see reestablished a free and independent
Austria, .and in view of the subsequent declaration issued at Algiers on Novem
ber 16, 1943, by the French Committee of National Liberation. concerning the
independence of Austria;
.
Considering it necessary~ in view of the establishment, as a'resul,t of free elec
'The agreement' was approved by the Allied Commission May 24, 1946 for reference to
the four governments for final approval. It was officially signed by the four meinbers of
the Commission on June 28, 1946_ Department of State, Bulletin, Vol. XV (1946), pp,
175-178.
. .
"?'. (,
APPENDIX
.'
23L
tions held in Austria on November 25, 1945, of an Austrian Government recog
nized by the Four Powers, to redefine the nature and extent of· the authority
of the Austrian Government -and of the functions of .theAllied Organi~ation
and Forces in. Austria and thereby to give effect to Article 14 of the agreement
signed in the European Advisory Commission on July 4, 1945.
' ..
Have agreed as follows: "
.
Article One
The authority of the Austrian Government shall, extend fully throughout
Austria, subject only to the following reserva,tions: .
(A) The Austrian Government and all subordinate Austrian authorities shall
carry out such directions as they may receive from the Allied Commission.
(B) In regard to the matters specified in Article 5 below neither the Austrian
Government nor any subordinate Austrian authority shall take action without
the prior written consent of the Allied Commission.
Article Two
, (A) 'J1le.Allied Organization in Austria shall consist of: 1. An' Allied
Council, consisting of four high c01l¥Dissioners, one appointed by each of the._,
Four Powers;
.
.
2. An Executive Committee, consisting of one high ranking representative
of each of the high commissioners;
3. Staffs -appointed respectively by the Four Powers, the whole organiza
tion being known as ,the Allied Commission for Austria.
(B) 1. The authority of the Allied Commission in matters affecting Austria
as a whole shall be exercised by the Allied Council of the executive committee
or the staffs appointed by the Four Powers when acting jointly.
2. The high: commissioners shall within their respective zones ensure the
execution of the decisions of the Allied Commission and supervise the execution
of the directions of the central Austrian authorities. . '
.
. 3. The high commissione-rs shall also ensure within their respective zones
that the actions of the Austrian Provincial authorities deriving from their
autonomous functions do not conflict with the policy of the Allied Commission.
.(C) The Allied Commission shall act only through the Austrian Government
. or other appropriate Austrian authorities except:
1. To maintain law and order if the Austrian authorities are unable to do so;
2. If the Austrian Government or other appropriate Austrian authorities do
not carry out directions received from the Allied Commission;'
3. Where, in the case of any of the subjects detailed in Article Five below,.
the Allied Commission acts directly.
.
(D) In the absence of action by the Allied Council, the four several high
commissioners may act. independently in their respective zones in any matter
covered by subparagraphs 1 and 2 of ~ubparagraph C of this article and by
Article 5,and in any matter in respect of. which power is conferred on them
by the agreement to be made under .Article 8 subparagraph A of this agreement.
. (E) Forces of occupation furnished. by the Four Powers will be stationed in
the respective zones of occupation in' Austr~a and Vienna as defined in the
agreement on zones of occupation' in Austria and the administration of the City
of Vienna, signed in the European Advisory Commission on lulv 9. 1945,
�•
72
,'~ LA)J.lMC{ct~-t)
I
DeG~On: i~ G~rmanYnLf\' J)~~'
tributed much toward making the Germans understand the humane
characteristics of the American people. Spending much of rily time
in Berlin, I became more familiar with the work of its club than with
others, although I appreciated and was gra~eful for the contribution
which all made to theaccomplishment of our objectives. At one
"Christmas season the Berlin club sponsored a community drive
which raised more than $40,000 from the relatively small American
contingent in Berlin and some of our visitors. During the blockade it
published an Operation Vittles cookbook 'which earned more than
$10,000 in, its initial publication. This was
collection of recipes
spiced with the humor of occupation, as for instance the American
who ordered a d~'y martini and got three (drei). While these funds
were used for general charitable purposes,. they were, applied largely,
to the support of hospitals for the YOllngand to help needy and ailing
children. Supplies were distributed by members of the club, giving
a valuable personal touch to its work. Not enough has been said of
the part played. by our American women and children in Germany,
and too much of what was said was devoted to the few who lived
laVishly in the midst of poverty. Perhaps as a group we did tend to
live to6' much together. If so, this did' not prev~nt our wo~en and
children from giving freely of their time to work without stint to
relieve distress. This they did while living in a deficit riconomy in '
which needed articles had to be ordered from the United States, but
they brought the touch of home into everyday life. .
,
The spring of 1946 was significant, too, in that it marked the first
'meeting of .the Council of Foreign Ministers to consider the Germ'an
, problem. Although the Council had held its initial meeting in London
in September. 1945, . it had not at that time discussed Germany.
Mt;Irphy and I used the 1945 occasion to report to Secretary Byrnes
on our program in Germany. I must admit we were more optimistic
then with respect to the possible success of quadripartite government'
than was warranted by future events. By the spring of 1946 much of
this optimism had gone.
'_
'
Shortly after reporting to S~cretary Byrnes w,ith General Eisen
ho..ver's approv:al in October 1945, I had returned to the United
States to discuss the revision of our policy directive JCS /1067; which
had been I1!odified to some extent by the Potsdam Protocol. There
seemed to be no difference in thinking among the representatives of
a
,
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Military Govei'nnumt Finds Its Place
73
the several departments in vVashingt.on charged with its preparation,
and my own suggestions were received with favorable comment.
James Riddleberger, ,of the State Department, headed the drafting.
committee and was confident that the revised directive would be in
our ha,nds in a few' weeks. Actually it had n~t materialized in the
spring of 1946, and did not reach us until July 1947. '0
,
Therefore.! believed it was timely to submit a report on the general
situation in Germany together with my recommendations to Secre
tary Byrnes and his advisers in the State Department before the first
Paris meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers. My' report was' in
letter form and as, it apparently did not reach' the heads of depart
ments I decided to repeat it, somewhat condensed, by cable. General
,McN"!-rney concurred and authori1ied~me to dispatch this cable,
which was submitted in May. Since it was my first comprehensive
revIew of the German problem, I repeat it almost in full: l l
urt.he~ progress in settlement of German problems, requires firm)
definition of economic unity agreed at Potsdam. De-industrialization
and reparations policiesf;lre based on treatment of Germany as' an
economic unit; which has always been interpreted' as fully inclusive
of that part remaining after the allocation of territory to Poland alld
Russia. If a common economic policy is to be fully implemented ill
all zones of G.errnany, central administrative agencies'are essclltial]
If they cannot be obtained and/or the boundaries of Germany are,
to be changed, the present concept of Potsdam bec..omes meaningless
.
After o!le year of occupation, zQnes represent air-tight territories
with almnst no free exchange of commodities, persons, and ideas.
Germany now consists of four s1nall economic units which can deal
'with each other only through treaties, in spite of the fact that 110.Olle
unit can be regarded as self-supporting, although British and RU~'sian
zones could become so. Economic unity can be obtained only through
free trade in Germany' and a comnwn policy for foreign trade de- ,
signel;l to serve Germany as a whole. A commpl1 fin.ancial policy is
equally essential. Runaway. inflation acc01npanied by economic
paralysis ,may develop at any moment. prastic fiscal reforms to
reduce currency and monetary'clail1is, and to deal with debt struc
ture, are essent!al at earliest" possible date. Thcsecan not be obtained
by independent action or the several zones. Common policies and
, nationwide implementation' are equally essential for transportation,
F,
�74
-
'_
Decision in' Germany
Military Govemm.ent Finds Its Place
75
COIlIIllWlicati01is, food and agriculture, industry and forelg1l'tr~de,if
make specific provisions'for sm.allnumbers of m.'iscellaneous. peaceful
ecollomic recovery is to be made possible.
'
industries, and hence such industries can be removed from the east
~ Immediate £lecisions are' imperative that the Rhineland and'Rullr '
ern ~one without violation,of either Potsdam or the level of ind!/stry '.
,) are to remain within the Gernian political and economic structure'
plan. Implementation of the reparatiom plan should also, require a
_ even 'ifillternational:ized; that the Saar is or is not to be' ceded to
cessation in the' taking of products as reparations until and unless an
Frallce; that the indigenous resources o/Germany are to be' equally
import-export balance is obtained. Finally, it must bere~ognized that
ar::ailable throughout Germany and where used for exports proceeds
any modification in the boundaries of occupied G.ermanywill require
are to be available tq provide essential impints for all GeT/nany; that
a reVision of the program. The loss of the Saar would not require_a
zonal b01.mdaries serve only ~odelineate areas of occupation and
serious revision. The loss a/the R.hilleland and the Ruhr wouldre
not as internal barriers for theG,erman people; that central adminis
quire complete revision.' .
"
'
,
trative agencies either under a provisional governmen.tor to be placed,
(Political Structure) It is feasible nOlu to iistabliSh coru;:urrently
under a provii.ional government, should be e~ablished without delay.
, (with the administrative agencies agreed at Potsdam), a provisional
As it ,now stands, economic integration is becoming less each day, '
government to, which these agencies would report. We w.ou1d pro.:
"( withScfvil'!t and FrenCh Zones requiring approval for, practically
,pose that, the ,initial provisional government would co~respolJ(l
each item leav'irig their zones, and with the British alld our zones in
r.oughly to the Council of Minister Presidents, no,tv established in the
'
self defense moving in the same direction:,
U. S. Zone. A Council of,Minister Presidents of the States of all four
The post-war level of industry to be left GeTllul11Y, which serves as
I
zones would be established with ,the 'requisite coordinating com
,]
a basis for' reparations, is based 01.~ treatment of GeT/nany as an
mittees to supervise the approved central agencies and to effect co
economic unit. Its execution under other conditions would be abso
~I
ordination on other matters. of internal policy. This council would ,
,!
lutely impossible as it wouldieave economic chaos in Germ.an!J. It
be charged with the preli1hinary draft of a~constitution to be placed
would particularly affect the U. S. Zone which has no raw m.aterials
:1
, before an elected cOllStitutional convention, tchich would prepare for
alld would create a continuing financial liability for .the United
ratification by the people the future constitution for the Gemwn
i:
,I
States for many years. In the absence of agreements essential to
1
state, sub;ectto approval of the Allied Control Authority. We be
1,
economic unity~ we have diScontinued the dismantling of reparatiOns
lieve the following principles should be fundamental:
, II
, plants eicept those approved for advance deliveries, as further dis
I'
a.; Germ.any should be a federal state composed of between 9 and
. ~j
mantling would result in disaster if we are unable to obtain economic
15 states, organized either by economic areas or by traditio/lal
tlliity. If economic unity proves impossible, only tl1Qse plants in the
.,~
political divisions. Each of these states would be politically
U. S. Zone which were designed solely for production of war muni- '
. :r~·
autonomous, except for the specific functions ceded to the fed
tions should be removed. If economic unity is obtained, there is
f
eral governmelit. Bavaria and Gross Hesse in U. S, Zone would
:e
110 reason why the. reparations plan sllO~ld not be implemented
,J
be ideal states. The present amalgamation of North Wuerttem- ,
, promptly. Much pressure is developing to rev-ise the reparations plan
, berg and North Baden would be discontinued in favor either
in favor of production for r.eparations. This ignores the real danger
of two states or of a combined \Vuerttemberg-Baden state.
tl.JlIich Germany would still present if restored to, full industrial
Similar state units have' been or could be established in the
'it.
strength., Much has been written relative to importance of German
other 'zones.
industry to the recovery oIEt/rope. It is my considered opinion that
it will take from three to five years to bring German industry to the
b. The constitution mu:;t contain the essentials of democracy, to
level now agreed, and that the re.moval of plants for reparations
wit: All political power ,must originate with the people alld. be '
, purposes, has no m.ajor bearing on the extent of economic recovery
, sub;ect to their control; there must be frequent reference of
'during this period. Unfortunately, the level of industry plan does not
programs and leadership to popular electiOns; elections must
j
:I
:1"
�,76
-
Decision. in Germany,
Militm'y Government Finds Its Place ..
--
j
.1,
77
~
,.
'>.
"
- ,.":
;:
as long as the population was German, it was further agreed to. .
. remove their entire German population. ManifeStly, the large popu
lation in the Ruhr could not be removed. Its removal would cripple
industry in the area. Moreover, it is clear that there is no place avail..:
able to which this populatio,! could be moved. Hence, it is otITview
that the political or economic separation of the Ruhr-Rhilleland
would be a· world disaster.
.
We would propose the establishment of a Ruhr Control Authority
joronly the coal and steel industry in the area. This Authority would
take over ownership and possession of the properties, issuing Class A
. common stock to those present owners cleared from Nazi associa
tions, which would be the only stock entitled to dividends. Control
would be exercised through Class B stock in the hands of the Ruhr
Control Authority composed of such nations as may be agreed. The,
,c. Prior tQ the' writing and adoption of the new constitution; a
proposed authority· would operate under existing qUadripartite
provisional central government of the type preViously indicated·
govermnent u1!til a German gOvernment is established and its. rela~
should be established at the earliest possible (late. As soon as
tionship to that government wov.ld be specifuid in the peace treaty.
t'le central adn~inistrative agencies are established they should
The AuthOrity would have complete control over the volume of pro
tcork direc.tiy with state organizations, and zonal organizations
duction and would require such exports as are agreed in the Allied
established by the occupying powers should· be dissolved.
Control Authority or specified in. t~e ·peace settlement. Under this
A special'paper on the Buhr mlS been presented,. tot,he Secretary;of ~\uthority, general managemimtwouldbe left in Germall hands and
State at his request. It points out that Ruhr coal and Steel represent
the Authority itself would operate within the political and ecollomic
Germany's chief assets. Under the present boundary of Germany,
fra/nework of Germany. The creation of the Ruhr and the Rhineland
practically all of its steel and all of its industrialcoal come from 'the
as separate states in a federal structure should facilitate the operation
RullI". It would be 'impossible to obtain a balanced export-import
of the Ruhr Control Authority.
.
prograin with the renlOval of the Ruhr. The separation of the Huhr
In .concluding, we are of the view that our proposals herein wilL
RhillelGlld area would in itself turn the remainder of Germany into
'he generally acceptable to the ·British. In theory, since they accord ..
a pastoral economy, It would particularly affect the U. S. Zone where
u,'lth Potsdam; they should be acceptable to the Russians, although
industry is largely of the assembly type and can· not exist withput
in detail many difficulties. will arise with the Russianrepresentativ.-es.\
coal and steel from the Rllhr. If jt had to pay for this coal and steel
Basically, it is expected that these proposals will be strongly resisted ).
ina separate currency, it would have a contil1uing deficit for many
hy the French. However, if agreement cannot be obtained (dong.
years. Politically, the separation of the-Ruhr-Rhineland area would
these broad lines in the immediate future, we face a deteriorating
create permanent pol1tical unrest and every patriotic German citizen
GeT/nan economy which will create a political unrest favorable to I
tDo/dd begin now to plan for such political and military alliances as
the development of communism in-Germany and a deterrent to its!
would liromise some day to return this area to Germany. It violates
be critical under any circum- )
democratizatiOli. The next winter
tile prillciple of self-determination. Facing reality, the United States
stances alld a failure to obtain economic i.l1lity before the next winter/
agreed to the transfer of certain areas iIi Germany to Russia, Poland
sets in will make it almost unbearable. The sufferings of the German
.aml Czechoslovakia, However, recognizing the impossibility of a
will be a serious charge again~ democracy and will develop
successful incorporation of these areas into the respective countries.
!>ympathy which may well defeat OllT other objectivef in Germany.
be held utlder competitive conditions in which there are at least
two competing parties; political parties must be democratic ,itl
ellamcter and clearly distingUished from' governmental instru1Jlentalities; the basic rights of the illdividual must be preserved
by law; government must be exerci~ed t'}Tough rule of law; (md
the powers of the federal govern1llellt must be limited in the'
constitut~on to those agreed by t'le several states coniposing the
'federal government. While the constitutions of individual states
need not agree, they must be democratic ilfl1uikeup'and must·
provide for some delegation of powers to the county and the
com'l1lunity ,level., The constitutions of the several states must
'prOVide for the exercise of all powers reserved to the states and
not given to the federal govermilent.
I
will
�e:
,7.8
Dech:ion in Germany,
The British and U. S. Zones together could, within afew years, be
come self-supporting although food would have to be provided
during this period until industry could be rehabilitated sufficiently
to provide requisite exports to support foodimporis. Recognizing
fully the political implications of such a merger it is our belief here
that even these implications would not be as serious as the contin
uatiol~ of the present air-tight zone~. If French and Russiim agree
ment'-to these basic principles cannot be obtained, we would
recommend strongly tlwt the British be approached to determine
their willingness to combine their zone of occupation with ours.
If the British are willing for this merger to be, accomplished, the
French and RUssUm representatives should be advised that it is our
proposal to effect this merger before winter, even though we would
much prefer tf) obtain Allied unity in the treatment of Germany as
a tchole.
report contained the first proposal for bizonai' merger. I had
discussed its substance,with Secretary Byrnes in Paris in ·the spring,
of 1946; but the cable itself had somehow been lost in the maze of
bureaucracy and never r,eached 'him. When he returned to Paris
for the next meeting, in July, I pointed out to him the positive nature
of Communist propaganda in Germany' and the necessity for, an
early public statement of United States policy which would nullify
the, effectiveness of the Communist appeal. Secretary Byrnes, Sena- '
tors Connally:and Vandenberg, and Mr. Cohen agreed that a state
'ment' was needed. Byrn~s 'believed it was an announcement of
import which should be delivered by the Secretary of, State
at an appropriate time and' place, which pleased me very' much.
When Molotov used two Paris conferences to spread Soviet propa
ganda, Byrnes determined that the appropriate place for his state
inent wa~ in Germany. He discussed this with Connally and Vanden
berg and the latter in particular felt strongly that the Secretary
'should make the statement in the form of a speech ,and in Germany
as soon as feasible. As a result September 6 was fixed 'as the date on
which Byrnes would address an audience composed largely of
occupation personnel, but with key German officials included, in
Stuttgart.
"
This was the major development of the occupation so far. Our
Secretary of State came to Germany to announce a constructive
'-
Military Government Finds Its Place
79
,policy which we wouid follow alone if necessary because we be
lieved it in the interest of all Europe. Byrnes came first to Berlin
by air. His party included Mrs. Byrnes, Senator and Mrs. Connally,
Senator, and Mis. Vandenberg" Mr. H. Freeman Matthews (later
Our Ambassador to Sweden), Miss Cassie Connor, private secretary
to Secretary Byrnes and an old fdend, and Mr. and Mrs. Frank
(Anne O'Hare) McCormick. Mr. Charles E. Bohlen and MI:. Michael
McDermott of the State Department went directly to Stuttgart ,to
.check arrangements for the address and for the handling of news
by the large number of correspondents assembled in that city.
Byrnes discusseg his speech with me in Ber1in~ I was impressed
both with its straightforward simplicity and with its. constructive
, tone. At the time he was considering the eliminationor at least the
modification of a: sentence which read: "As long as an occupation
force is required in Germany, the Army of the United States will be
:;t part of that occupation force."·I urged him with all the persuasion
at my power not to change one word because it would be the most'
welcome part of his speech, not just in Germany but throughout
Europe. It seemed essential even then to express the determination
of, the United- States to remain' in Europe until stability came to
alleviate the terror which resulted from Communist expansion.
ByrJ!es agreed with me but· felt that this statement was so important
tha.t it should be cleared with the President. As he was unable to
reach Trl!inan by telephone, he cabled the proposed sentence so
that he could be advised if change was felt desirable. No reply was
received, and the statement not only had the desired effect but also
was the first expression by a high AmeriCan official of our firm
in~ent to maintain our position in Europe.
We went from 'Berlin to Stuttgart on the same evening that Byrnes
arrived in' Berlin, using a private train designed fOJ: Hitler's use
and heavily armor-plated underneath. While the decoration of the
train was heavy from our point of view, it was lUXUriously equipped
to include sunken black marble bathtubs in the private suites pre
pared for Hitler and, his immediate staff. Before we arrived in
Stuttgart I arranged for the four minister-presidents of the states
in our zone to call at the 'train to pay their respects. They remained
for a brief talk with Byrnes, Con milly, and Vaildenberg, during
which they expressed their appreciation for American, assistance
and for the co-operation of military government in' their effort, to
I
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�. J.w..L ll/-J
. 2649
,q4~
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(tti1' VI
kr=-5Z
.U S
Agreement between the United 8tates' oj America and other .governments
.re~pecting rePl!ration to non-repat~ble victims oj German action.
8'tgned·at Pan8 June 14, 1946; effective June 14, 1946~'
lune 14, 1946
[T. I. A. S. 161l4)
@oVf(
·· .. AGREEMENT
ON A PLAN 'FOR:ALLOCATION OF A REPARA
TION SHARE TO NON·REPATRIABLE VICTIMS,
OF GERMAN ACTION
.1
I
I
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'..
�•
2650
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OT~R THAN TREA,TIES [61 STA.T•
AGREEMENT ON A PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF A REPARA.
TION SHARE TO NON.REPATRIABLE VICTIMS OF GERMAN
ACTION.
.
PoBt. p. 3171.
Distribution of
funds.
•
•
.
Use of assets for re
babUltatiou, etc.
PoBt. p. 3113.
In accordance with the provisions of Article' 8 of the Final Act of
the Paris Conference on Reparation, the Governments of the United
States of America, France, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia, in consultation with the Inter-Governmental Committee
.on R~fuge,es, have worked out, in common agreement, the following
plan £0 aid in the rehabilitation and resettlement of nonrepatriable
victims of German action. In working out this plan the signatory
Powers have been guided by the intent of Article 8, and the procedures
outlined below are based on its terms:
, 'In recognition of special ,and urgent 'circun'J.Stances, the sum of
$25,000,000, having been made available by Allied governments as a
priority on the proceeds of the liquidation of German assets in neutral .,
countries, is hereby placed at the disposal of the Inter-Governmental'
Committee on Refugees or' its successor organization for distribution
to appropriate public and private field organizations as soon as they
have submitted practicable programs in accordance with this Agree-
ment. '
A. It is the unanimous and considered opinion.'of the Five Powers
that in light of Paragraph H of Article 8 of the Paris Agreement on
Reparation, the assets becoming available should be used not for
the compensation of individual victiI:hs but for the rehabilitation and
resettlement of persons in eligible classes, and that expenditures on
rehabilitation sha'll be considered as essential. prepatory outlays to
resettlement. Since' all available statistics iridicate beyond' any
reasonable doubt that the overwhelming majority of eligible persons
under the provisions of Article 8 are Jewish, all assets except as
specified in Paragraph B below are a'llocated for the rehabilitation
and resettlement of eligible Jewish victims of Nazi action, among
whom children sho~d receive preferential assistance. Eligible Jewish
victims of Nazi action are either refugees from Germany or Austria
who do not desire to return to these countries, or German and At:tStrian
Jews now resident in Germany or Austria who desire, to emigrate,
or Jews who were nationals or former nationals of previously occupied
countries and who were victims of Nazi concentration ,camps or
concentration camps established by regimes under Nazi irilluence .
.IJ. ,The SUIll of $2,500,000, amounting to ten percent, arising out of
the $25;000,000 priority on the proceeds of German assets in neutral
countries, ten percent of the proceeds of. the Hnon-mQnetary gold",
and five percent of the "heirless funds" shall be administered by the
. Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees or its successor organi
zation through appropriate public and private organizations for the,
�61 STAT.] .
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MULTlLATERAL-REPARATION-JUNE'14, 1946
.
. '
,rehabilitation and resettlement of the relatively' smBll numbers' of
non-Jewish victims of. Nazi action who are in need of resettlement.
Eligible non-Jewish,victims of Nazi action are refugees from Germany
and, Austria who can' demonstrate that they were persecuted by the
Nazis for religious, political; or racial reasons and who do ut>t desire
to return, or German and Austrian nationals, similarly perse~uted,
who desn-e to, emigrate..
' . , ...... '., .
Availability
O~ The Director of the Illter-Governinenttii Co~ttee on Refugees funds for programs. of .
· or the Director General of the successor orgailization shallimder the
mandate of this Agreeme~t make funds'available fbrpi'ograms sub
mitted by the appropriate field orga.niziLtions referred to in ParagraphS
A and B above as soon as he has satisfied himself that the programs
are .consistent with the foregoing. Only in exceptional circumstances
· may, the cost of resettleinent programs exce~ a InaXimUmof $1,000
per adult ,and $2,500 per child under twelve years of age. The action
of 'the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees or its successor
orga.nization shall be guided by the intent of Article 8 and by this
Po&l; p. 3171.
Agreement' which is to place into operation as quickly as possible
praqticable programs of rehabilitation and resettlement submitted by
the appropriate field organizations.
. .
...'
.
Liquidation
D. In· addition to the $25,000,000 sum the Inter-GoyerDmental Iil;tlatcd ssset.'!.
of des. .,
Cozpmittee onRefugees or its successor orga.nization is hereby author
ized to take title from the appropriate authorities to·' all .i'non
such
monetary gold" found by the. Allies in Germany and to
steps as' may be needed to liquidate these assets as promptly as
possible, due consideration being given to secure the highest possible
realizable value. As these assets are liquidated, the funds shall be
distributed in accordance with Pa:r:agraphs A and B above.,
Availability
E. Furthermore, pursuant to Pa:r;agraphs C ,and E' of Article 8, in "heirless funds." of
the interest of justice, the French Government on behalf of the Five Poli. pp. 3172, 3173.
Governments concluding this Agreement, are making representations
to the neutral Powers to ma;ke available ail assets of victims of Nazi
action who died without heirs. The Governments of the United
States of America, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia,' and Yugo
. slavia are ~ociating t,hemselves with the French Goverpment in
making such representations to the neutral Powers. The conclusion:
that ninety-five percent of. the Hheirless funds" thus made available
should be allocated for the rehabilitation ~d resettlement of Jewish
victims takes cognizance of the fact that these funds are overwhelm
ingly Jewish in origin, .and the five percent made, available for non7 .
Jewish victims is based' upon a. liberal presumption of Hheirless"
· funds" non Jewish in origin.' The "heirless funds" to be used',for the
rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims of Nazi' ~ction
. should be made available to appropriate field organizations. The
Hheirless funds" to be used for the rehabilitation and resettlement of
. non-Jewish victims of Nazi action should be made available to the
Inter-Governm'ental Qommitteeon Refugees or its successor organi- .
zation for distribution .,to, appropriate public and private field organi- .
zations. .In making these joint representations, the signatorieaare
take
�...
2652
')
r
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES
(61 STAT.
requesting the neutral countrieS to take all necessary action to facili
tate the. identification, collection, and distribution of these assets
which have arisen out of a unique condition-in international law and
morality. ,If further representations are indicated the governments
of the United States of America, France, anq the United Kingdom
will pursue the matter on behalf of the Signatory Powers:
Retention and
F. To insure that all funds made available shall mure to the greatest
tmnster of currency.
possible benefit of the victims whom it is desired to assist, all'funds
shall be retained in the currency from which they arise and shall be
transferred therefrom only upon the instructions of the, organization .'
to which the Inter-Govetnmental Committ~e on RefugeeS,. or , its
successor organization has allocated, the funds for expenditure,
Letter or Instruc
G. The Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees
tion to Director.
shall carry out his responsibilities to the Five Governments in reSpect
of this Agreement in aCcOrdance with the terms of the Letter of
Instruction which is being transmitted' to 'him by the French Gov
.' ernment on behalf of the Governments concluding this AgTeement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned" have signed the present
, ' .
Agreement.
Autbentlc tellts.
Done in Paris on the 14th of June, 1946, in. the English and French
. Languages, the two texts being equally authentic, in a single original,
which shall be deposited in. the Archives Of' the Government of the
,Fren~ Republic, certified. copies the~eof being furnished by that
Goveimnent to the signatories of this 'present Agreement. .
.
,
'.
Delegate of the United:S~tes
of America,
'
ELI GINZBERG.
Delegate of Czechoslovakia,
Delegate of France,
PHILIPPE 'PERIER
Delegate of Yugoslavia"
M. D. JAKSIC.
J. V. KLVANA.
Delegate of the United Kingdom of
,
Great Britain & Northern Ireland,
DOUGLAS MACKILLOP.
POUR COPIE CERTIFr!lE CONFORME:
Le MlnlStre PI6nlpotentle.l.re
Cbef du ServiC4' du Protocole.
. ,JACQUES DUMAINE•
•
�'
..
,
>.
" i
61 STAT.
assets .
lwand
wents
agdom
61 STAT.]
MULTlLATERAL:-BEPARATION--iONE 14, 1946
2653
,
'eatest
funds
all be
~ation
>r its
ugees
9pect
~r of
3ov
Lt.
sent
ANNEX TO THE AGREEMENT ON.A PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF A
REPARATION SHARE TO NON.REPATRIABLE VICTIMS OF GERMAN
ACTION
DECLARATION
BY THE
CZECHOSLOVAK AND YUGOSLAV DELEGATES
ID accepting the phrasing 'of Pa.ra.gra.ph E of the Agreement, the
Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Delegates have declared that the Repub
lic of Czechoslovakia and the ·Republic of Yugoslavia have not by
so accepting, given up their claim to the forthcoming inheritances
. mentioned therein which, according to the provisions of international
law, belong to their !espective States.
PARIS, 1/fth June, 194fJ..
The Czechoslovak Delegate:
The Yugoslav Delegate:
J. V. KLVANA
M. D. JAKSIC .
'nch
naI,
the
hat
ie
.• ,<
•
�230
•
~lo
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of industry as Ii whole to a figure about 50 or 55 percent of the prewar level
_'
in 1938 (excluding building and building-mat~:rials industries). '
Exports and Imports
The following agreement has been reached with re'spect to exports and
imports: _
(a) That the value of exports' from Germany shill be planned as 3,000,
000,000 reichsrnarks (1936 value) for 1949, and that sufficient industrial ca
pacity shill be retained to produce goods to this value and to cover the intePlal
requirements in Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Declaration.
(b) That approved imports will not exceed 3,000,000,000 reichsmarks (1936
value), as compared with 4,200,000,000 reichsmarks in 1936.
,
(c) That of the total proceeds from exports it is estimated that not more
than 1,500,000,000 reichsmarks can ,be utilized to pay for imports of food and
fodder if this will be required, with the understanding that,' after all imports
approved by the Control Council are paid for, ,any portion of that sum not
needed for food and fodder will be used, to pay for cQsts of occupation, and·
services such as ,transport insurance, etc.
,.
Determination of Capacities ~flailable for Reparations
1. . Af~erthe approval of this plan, the' existing capacities of the separate
branches qf production shill be determined, and a list of enterprises. available
~.
'
for reparations shall be compiled. .
2: After decisions have been given on the matters now referred to the co
• ordinatingcommittee, the Economic Directorate would propose to prepare the
final· plan embodying these decisions and including a description of the various
features of the plan,. such as: disarmament, reparations" postwar German
economy, and the German balance of trade. '
XIX
AllIED AGREEMENT ON CONTROL MACHINERY FOR AUSTRIA
June 28, 19461
Preamble
The Governments of the United Kingdom of- Great. Britain and Northern
Ireland, the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
and the Government of' the, French Republic (hereiQafter called the four
powers):
_
'
'
In view of the declaration issued at Moscow on November I, 1943, in the
name of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, whereby the three governments
announced their agreement that Austria should be liberated from German domi
, nation, and declared that they wished to see reestablished a free and independent
Austria, and in view of .the subsequent declaration issued at Algiers on Novem
ber 16, 1943, by the French Committee of National Liberation concerning the
independence of Austria; ,
"
,
Considering it necessary, in view of the establishment, as a result of free elec
'The agreement was approved, by the Allied Commission May 24, 1946 for reference to
the four governments for final approval. It was officially signed by the four members of
. the Commission on June 28, 1946. Department of State, BulleJin, Vol. XV (1946), pp.
In-178.
,,?;2- \.D
_
APPENDIX
•
231
tions held in Austria on November 25, 1945, of an Austrian Government recog
nized by the Four Powers, to redefine the nature and extent of the authority .
of the Austrian Government and of the functions of the Allied Organization
and Forces in Austria and thereby to give effect to Article 14 of the agreement
signed in the European Advisory Commission on July 4, 1945.
, Have agreed as follows: .
Article One
The authority of the Austrian Government ~hall. extend fully throughout
Austria, subject. only to the following reservations:
, (A) The Austrian Government and all subordinate Austrian authorities shall
-carry out such directions as they may receive from th~ Allied Commission.
(B) In regard to the matters specified in Article 5 below neither the Austrian
Government nor any subordinate Austrian authority shall take action without
the prior written consent of the Allied Commission.
.
Article Two
, (A)'J1le Allied Organization in Austria shill consist of: L An Allied
Council, consisting of four high commissioners, one appointed by each of the
Four Powers;
,
'
2. An Executive Committee, consisting of one high ranking representative
of each. of the high commissioners;'
,'
3. Staffs appointed respectively by. the Four Powers, the whole organiza
tion being known as ,the Allied Commission for Austria.
(B) 1. The authority of the Allied Commission in matters affecting Austria
as a whole shall be exercised by the Allied Council of the executive committee
or the staffs appointed by the Four Powers when acting jointly.
2. The high commissioners shall within their respective zones ensure the
execution of the decisions of the Allied Commission and supervise the execution '
of the directions 9f. the central Austrian authoritjes.
'
3. The high commissioners shall also ensure within their respective zones
that the. actions of the Austrian Provincial authorities deriving from their
autonomous functions do not conflict with the policy of the Allied Commission. '
'. (C) The Aiiied Commission shall act only through the Austrian Government'
or other appropriate Austrian authorities except:
'
1. To maintain law and order if the Austrian authorities are unable to do so; ,
2. Ie" the Au~tria~ Govern.ment or other ap~ropriate ~us~rian authorities do
not carry out dltectlOns receIved from the AllIed CommIssIon; , "
3. Where, in the case of any of the subjects detailed in Article Five below,
the Allied Commission acts directly.
(D) In the absence of action by the Allied Council, the four several high
commissioners may act independently. in their respeCtive zones in any matter
covered by subparagraphs 1 and 2 of subparagraph C of this article and by
Article 5, and in any matter in respect of which power is conferred on them
by the agreement to be made under Article 8 subparagraph A of this agreement.
(E) Forces of oCctipation furnished, by the Four Powers will be stationed in
the respective zones of- occup~tio~ in Au.stria and Vien!l~ as ~efined in t}le
agreement on ,zones ?f occupatIon 10 Austr~a and thea~n:JOlstrabon of the ~Ity
of Vienna, SIgned JO the European AdVISOry COmmtssIon on Tulv 9. 1945.
�232
.'
~tbUfn
47
AMERICAN MILITARY GPVERNMENT
Decisions of the Allied Council which requires implementation by the forces of
occupation will be implemented by the latter in accordance with instructions
from ~eir res~ive high commissioners. .
Article Three
The primary tasks of the Allied Commission for Austria shall be:
(A) To ensure the enforcement in Austria of the provisions of the Declara
tion on the Defeat of Germany signed at Bedin on June 5, 1945.
'
.
(B) To complete the separation of 'Austria from Germany, and to maintain
the independent existence and integrity of the Austrian State, and pending the
final definition of its frontiers to ensure respect for them as they were on
December 31, 1937;
(C) To assist the Austrian Government to recreate a sound and democratic
national life based on an'efficient administration, stable economic and financial
conditions and respect for law and order;
,
(D) To assist the freely elected' government of. Austria to assume as quickly
as possible full control of the affairs of state in Austria.
,....'
(E) To ensure the institution of a progressive long-term educational program
designed to eradicate all traces of Nazi ideology and to instill into Austrian
youth democratic principles.
Article Four
(A) In order to facilitate the full exercises of the Austrian Government's au.
thority equally in all zones' and to promote the economic unity of Austria, the
,Allied Council will from the date·'Of signature of this agreement ensure the
removal of all remaining restrictions, on the movement within Austria of per.
sons, goods, or other traffic, except such as may be specifically prescribed by
the Allied Collncil or required in frontier areas for the maintenance of effective
control of international movements. The zonal boundaries will then have no
other effect than as boundaries of the spheres of authority and responsibility
of the respective high comr.il,issioners and the location of occupation troops.
(B) The Austrian Government may organize a aistoms and frontier ad.
ministration, and the Allied Commission will take steps as soon as practicable
to transfer to it customs and travel control functions concerning Austria which
do not interfere with the military needs, of the occupation forces.
Article Five
The following are the matters in regard to which the Allied Commission may
act directly as provided in Article 2, (C) 3 above: 1. Demilitarization and
disarmament (military, economic, industrial, technical and scientific).
.
2., The protectiOn and security of the Allied Forces in Austria, and the ful.
'fillment of their military needs in accordance with, the agreement to be negotiated .
under Article 8 (A).
.
3. The protection, care and restitution of property belonging to the govern.
ments of any of the United Nations or their nationals.
4. The disposal of German property in accordance with. the, existing agree.
mentsbetWeen the Allies.
'
.
5. The early e~acuation of, and exercise of judicial authority over prisoners
of war and displaced' persons.
,
•
-_,.~._h'-.d-'-A-e~1t.Uf en
.
(Y)OJ)UJ.,..l:,/J, , ~'y
Con
A-ud}!.-tCA
APPENDIX
~ .:L~, I c,qfc>
6. The control of travel into and out of Austria until Austrian travel Controls
can be established. '
7 (a). The tracing, arr~st and' handing over of any person wanted by one
of the Four Powers or by the International Court for War Crimes and Crimes
Against H u m a n i t y . '
'
(b) ..The tracing,. arrest and handing over, of any person wanted by other
United Nations for the crimes specified in the preceding paragraph and included
in the lists of the United Nations Commission for War Crimes.
The Austrian Government will remain, competent to try any other person
accused of such crimes and coming within its jurisdiction subject to the Allied
Council's right of control over prosecution and punishment for such crimes.
'Article Six
. (A)' All legislative measures, as defined by the Allied Council, and interna
tional agreements which the Austrian Government wishes to make except agree- .
ments with one ofthe Four Powers, shall, before they take effect or are pub
lished in the State Gazette be submitted by the Austrian Government to the
Allied Council. In the case of constitutional laws, the written approval of the
Allied Council. is required, before any such law may ,be publishea and put into
effect. In ~e case of all other legislative measures and international ~greements
. it may be assumed that the Allied Council has given its approval if within·
thirty.one days of the time of receipt by the Allied Commission it has not in
formed the Austrian Government that it objects to a legislative measure or an
international agreement. Such legislative measure. or international agreement
may then be' published and put into effect. The Austrian Government will in-'
form -the Allied Council of all international agreements entered into with one
or more of the Four Powers.'
,
(B) The Allied Council may at any time inform the :Austrian Government or
the appropriate Austrian authority of its disapproval of any of the legislative
measures or administrative actions of the Government or of such authority, and
may direct that the action it? question shall be cancelled or amended.
Article Seven
The Austrian Government is free to establish diplomatic and consular rela·
tions with the Governments of the United Nations. 'The establishment of diplo
matic and consular relations with, other governments shall be subject to the prior ,
approval of the Allied. Council. Diplomatic missions in Vienna shall have the
right to communicate directly with the Allied C()Uncil. Military missions ac
credited to the Allied Council shall be withdrawn as soon as their respective
governments establish diplomatic relations with the Austrian Government, and
in any case within two ,months of the signature of this agreement. •
, Article Eight
(A) A further agreement between the Four Powers shall be drawn up and
communicated to the Austrian Government as soon as possible and within three
months of this day's date defining the immunities of the members of the Allied
Commission and of the forces. in Austria of the Four Powers and the rights
they shall enjoy to .ensure their security and protection and the fullillment of
their military needs.
(B) Pending the.conclusion of the further agreement required by Article 8(A)
�234
•
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
the existing rights and immunities of m~mbers of the" Allied Commission
and of the forces in Austria of the Four Powers, deriving either from the
Declaration on the Defeat of Germany or from the powers of a Commander.in~
Chief in the. field, shall remain unimpaired.'
'
Article Nine
(A) Members of the, Allied Council, the Executive Committee and.other
staffs appointed by each of the Four Powers as part of the Allied Commission
may either be civilian or military.
,'
'
.
. (B) Each. of ~e F~ur Po~ers may appoint ~ its J;ligh .Commi.ssioner e~t?er
the Commander·In·Chlef of Its forces In Austna or Its diplomatic or political'
representative in Austria or such other official as it may c!Ue to nominate.
. (C) Each High Commissioner may appoint a deputy to act for him in his
.'
absence.
'. .
(D) A. High Commissioner may be assisted in the Allied Council by a political
adviser and/or a military adviser who may be respectively the diplomatic or
political representative of his government in Vienna or the Commander-inChief of, the forces in Austria of his government.
.
(E) The Allied Council shall meet at le!1St twice in each month or at the
request of any member.
.
' .
Article Ten
. (A) Members of the Executive Committee,shall, when necessary, attend
meetings of the Allied Council.
.'
,
(B) The Executive Committee shall- act on behalf of the Allied Corincil in
matters delegated to it by the CounciL.
.
(C) The Executive Committee shall ensure that the decisions of the Allied
Council and its owndedsions are carried out.
,(D) The Executive Committee shall coordinate .the activities of the staffs
of the Allied Commission•..
Article Eleven
, (A) The staffs of the Allied 'Commission in Vienna shah be organized in
divisions matching one or more of the Austrian Ministries or departments with
the addition of certain divisions not corresponding to any Austrian Ministry or
department. The list of divisions is given ·in Annex 1 to this agreement; this
organization may be changed at any time by the Allied' Council. ' , "
'
, (B) The divisions shall maintain contact with the appropriate departments
of the Austrian Government and shall take such action, and . issue such direc.
,tions as are within the policy approved by the Allied Council' or the Executive
Committee.
(C) The divisions 'shall report ~ necessary to the EX,ecutive Committee.
(D) At the head of each division there shall be four directors, one from
each of the Four, Powers; to' be collectively known as the Directorate, of that
division. Directors of divisions or their representatives may attend meetings of
the Allied Councilor of the Executive Committee in which matters. affecting the
work of their divisions are being discussed. The four officials acting as the head
of each division may appoint such temporary subcommittees as they deem
desirable.
'
•
APPENDIX
•
.t
235
Article Twelve
The decisions of the Allied Council, Executive Committee; and other con
stituted bodies of the Allied Commission shall be unanimous.
The Chairmanship of the Allied Council, Executive Committee and direc
torates shall be held in rotation.
'
Article Thirteen
The existing Inter-Allied Command in Vienna, formerly known as the Kom
mandatura, shall continue to act as the instrument of the Allied Commission for
affairs concerning Vienna as,a whole until its functions in connection with civil
administration can be handed over to the Vienna Municipality. These will be
handed over progressively ~d as rapidly as possible. The form of supervision .
which will then be applied will be decided oy the Allied Council. Meanwhile
the Vienna Inter-Allied Command shall have the same relation to the municipal
administration of Vienna as the Allied Commission has to the Austnan
,Government.
Article Fourteen
The present agreement shall come into operation as from this day's date and
shall remain in force until it is revised or abrogated by agreement between the
. Four Powers. On the 'coming into effect of the present agreement the agreement
signed in the European Advisory Commission on July 4. 1945. shall be abro- .
gated. The Four Powers shall consult together not more than six months from
this day's date with a view to its revision.
"
In witness whereof the present agreement has been signed on behalf ofeach
of the Four Powers by its High Commissione~ in Austria.
'.
Done this: 28th day of June 1946 at Vienna in quadruplicate in English,
French, and, in Russian, each text being equally authentic. A transla:tioninto
German shall be agreed between the four High Commissioners and communi
cated by them as soon as possible to the Austrian Goverriment.
XX
SHIPMENTS OF CIVILIAN SUPPLIES BY THE
UNITED STATES ARMYl
1The tables on the following pages were obtained from the War Department. Table A
shows cumulative U. S. shipments of civilian supplies to all areas through February 1946.
Table B shows cumulative U. S. shipments of civilian supplies to European areas through
31 January 1946, broken down by commodities and by theaters of destination. And Table
C shows U. S. civilian supply shipments to European areas, monthly, through 31· January
1946. Figures of shipments from the United States, of course; are not a completely re
liable indication of overseas issues, since they do not reded the occasional diversion of'
supplies upon arrival overseas, supplies shipped to theaters, from other countries, or any
indigenous supplies issued for relief plUpOses. Table D contains recent available figures
on civilian supply issues in the ElUopean Theater from all sOIUCes and is cumulative
.through 30 September 194'.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
O'Connor, Ellen; List of Appendices for Policy Documents (Oct. 15, 1999) [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-oconnor-ellen-list-of-appendices-for-policy-documents-oct-15-1999-1
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/38fec95f0ef609580785ddb7d7e802ea.pdf
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Ootober,23. 1951
MEMORANDUM FOR AMBASSA1)ORMAeVE.AGR
The Department would appreoiate your views regarding the impasse
on the looted gold problem1nPortugal and the unsatisfaotory status
of the POrtuguese-Allied Acoord relating to the disposition of Gennan
assets in Portugal. This matter' was the',subjeot of the Departmentts
airgram No.9 of July 17. 1951 and the Embasayts despatch No. 131 ,of
August 20,1951, oopies of whtoh are attaohed•.
In its air gram the ~p£ii.t:ment stated its interest in winding up
as rapidly as possiblE:) the 'out,;a.atedGerman external property prob
lems himging over from World War I:r. 'I11 the oase of 'Portugal; ,
attention was called to the 'ne.oessity,to, break the impasse on the
gol d oontroVersy as the first :stepleading 'to .full implementation ot
the Aooord and" having aooomplished th\lt; to seek' ways' to simplify
and i?hus expedite,the liquld8.t10n progr~ To settle the gold
question" the Department stated that, it:was tentatively prepared
to aooept the outstanding PO'rtugti.ese offer' to deliver' 3.9 tons of
gold against reimbursement; fr::the 'agreement ot the British and
ft'enoh, who share the ,responsibility w1,th the United, States iJi this
matter" could be' obtained. .,"
, ,The Treasury haa ::statedthat it would l?reter, the United Stat,es
to m~e 1:10 settlement ',with'Portugal at this time ,and that' the. '
United States report to the ,olaimant oolDltries, in its capaoity as
~rust,ee"that it has not been':possible' to ,reaohagreemant 'with
Portugal. ' The Treasury, however," will not object to the proposed
settlement on the basis of 3•.9 :tons provided '(1) the Department,
states that there are poliji10al oonsiderations whioh warrant' a,
settlement with Portugal, (2)',that theNetherl~ds tully oonour in
the proposa:J, and that the ~ettlement will "no'ti' result in anY' olam '
abai:i:lst the United states".:and (3) tha~,:~~it be asoertained infomally
it the Portug~ese ofteria, 8ti1-1 outst,8Ji~ng before the formal
. approaoh is made.
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Regarding the first oond:ition, th8't'Department believes that
the inability of'the negotiat1ng ·p()wer~.:toaohieve an improvement
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· otths Portuguese, offer,' despite all the efforts whioh have been made
over the last several years. is the most oogent arguement in favor
of a.oceptanoe of' the Portuguese offer•. The Embassy agreed with the
Department I S view that" the Portuguese proba.bly would never improve
its offer and that no reply or, a.t most~ a negative reply will ever
be receiVed from the Allied notes delivered t,o the Portuguese in
· May 19.50. It is the Department's opinion therefore. that for this
very-praotioal reason. it is preferable to settle the entire problem
now even if it must be on the unfavorable tenns so far offered by
the Portuguese.
Nevertheless, there are politicaloonsiderations which favor a
prompt settlement with Portugal. Firs~',1.tis not politically
feaSible, as the Treasury w,ould prefe.r~ ,to· surrender our trusteeship
.funotion and ·to' return the ·problem. to y.;~,. olaimant countries. The
Dutch have riqueated on several·oooasions".that we not abandon our
efforts since they havenobas1s on which to intercede with the
· Portuguese. Secondly,:' the: British and "Frenoh, as. cO-trustees,.
oannotbe expected to agree'to suoh: 'a oourse ,otaotion since it
would be tantaniount t·o:" a re cog.'l'lition by' the Allies that all'
pOSsibility of achievillg anythixigfronft'heir gold olaim .,or \mder'
the 'ACoord iagone. '(~heDepartmsnt at
time proposed a some
.what ,Similar course of, action with respeot to the Swiss...Allied
Accord but had. to withdrEi.wthe 8ug~stion due to the strenuous ob
jections by the British and Frenoh). , ' ;
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,On .the other hand.. it 'will be neCessary to' take some action in
OOfiilril.ent of our responsibilities as ,trustee. The DUtchhave'naw
~~4ue~~~diithat the United states bring political presBure'tob'Et"~
OD.,t~,~,p.O:rtugueseo . The Brj,tish~ sUPPQrted by the. French. ha,.ve ' ",
~ugge~t'e~~'that you should. take tile 1 ead:in agam pressing the'
Portuguese. The Department.. however.. ~si;,.rejeoted this suggestion
partlY"beoause of .undesirable!,01iti9a:i:1:m.plioations of furthe~
pp.:~teci ;states pressure. on Portugal and~p~~ly because the ~ply j;Q ...•
be',~ougbt would undoubtedly be' negative';and:might in fact'bring"""'"
atiout',renun'ciation by ,Portugal' of' any ba~is for Allied olaiIis::'ll:,!\:
Ao~ept8#Ce' of theportu€ , llese'o£fer. if the ooncu:rrenoe of tlie""Br1tish
and'Frep.ah can be Qbtainsd.':is the oourse"of ...e.ction whioh best"
serves the interests 'of the United States•
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: . . FUrther political';mplioati6nof the failure to settle the,
gold' oontroversy promptly is found in the oontext of the oontr~~t\ial
r~lB;tion,ship with the German ,Federal Republio. As you moW thi',i
~oo:r~: i.m:[)oses certaini'obligations on the Allied signatories OJ:' 011
the. first
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�EPflOOUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
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the first le gitimata Germa.nGovernment, to providaindeDl1'1i.ty to Olmers
of assets liquidated under the Aocord: (Article VII) •. It' is tlie .
,intention' of the Anies to oonclude aoontract wlib the, Federal Re
. publio Under whioh the la:tterwill reo9'gnize the binding eBfeot of
the various accor4s conolUded by the Allles on behalf of Gel"lll8.UY' and
to assume whatever obligations that are involved. If the Acoord 1s
in' full legal effect at the time of negotiation withGerm.a.w rather
than in it s present state' of limited implementation, the Allies will
be in a better position to insist that) the .Federal Republic aooept
the obligation imposed by Art! ole VII of the. Aooord~ .If tbS Allies
fail to obtain their desiderata in this respeQt. fA poli~ioal problem
may be posed .if the Portuguese were t01nsis1; that the Allies them
selves should provide the oompensation for. property Whl.9h has been
or maybe liquidated.
As, to Treas~ry' B seoond proviso. the Department intends tooon
. srut with, the Netherlands in oOncertwith .the British and French.
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In our opinion the queation ot wh~ther the Port ugae aJe offer is
still.valid is a faotor·to'bElttakeninto;'conaideration.btthe .
Department in :eirst diSousSing the prop6s,81 with the British and
French and secondly in agreeing with them onnegotiattng tactios.
Your views on this question'Will· be flPpreoiated.
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TELEGRAM· SENT"
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To:
Date:
Secstate.
December 11,.19.51
~o.:· . r·~)J-l ~7
C~arged
Code: CONFIDENTIAL
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-Fr- arid Br. Enib:p.ere req'lJ,est reaction· thisEmb to
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new proposals re _
German assets and looted::gold which. they.'
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report Dept made at Nbv.
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meeting helctWashington.
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Emb has not rpt n~t":~~:~~ived __text of such· proposals from'
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Please' forward soonest.' .
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AM~~~~A:~R;~a::ANOEAMrmCA:I,CONSULAR S£R~CE
LISBONNE.
LE
12 Decembre
I_
11115
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DEC 1 3 1951
LISBON, PORTUGAL
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My dear'Ambassador,
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.Here enclosed is a resume of
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which Mr FLETCHER ,had, late in Nbvember~ witJ;l o,ur
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CoW5ellor in Washington.
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The' pI!oposals submitted for,' the settlement oft;
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th.e' gB!'man assetsinPo~tuGalare now' studied at the~ I
Quai" d IOrsa.y '. and the
For~igI\' Mhe";.
they eQuId, T
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'think,'be a yaluablebasis for a final arrangement o!1
·that irksome problem..
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Believe me, my dear Ambassador
Yours yery sincerely
.
'Monsieur Lincoln :'''~ac Veagh
AmbassacJ.eur des Etats-Dnis,
39 Avenida Duque' de LouIe
LIS ,B :). NNE
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AMBASSADE DE FRANCE
AU PORTUGAL
LISBONNE,
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'NAPHINGTON.le 20.. Novembre.
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ment portuga.:ts at qu I une date1:L:mi te' fut fixee pour le
paiement dela sonune rec1am,Ge. Le Gouvernement POl"'tugais
serai t en.·suite·i l:i!bi"'e de liquj.c1erles avoirs
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Form DS-4
5-10-45
DEP,\JlTMENT OF STATE
2/27/52'
SLIP
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Amembassy, LISBON
RANSfUTTED FOR:
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INFORMATION- OF THE FOREIGN ->
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1a 'ft1atenly n1ata« the 41_.,1_ iit,.'th ~ .pPt;4I"W~ ~. ,NORt aft op~m'tlmit7
to J'\t.1se the
Mmnll. .ttl.e.nt ot"Ule Aeot.mtA t.,.t.her .w.1t.A . .
1oot.e4 fOl4 u... a1fJ11lB 'MwIllMiI'I ww.ek the A.ll.i.G$.~,.~n t,;u.-.da,. "'11'
....~ . l tra. P~.. oft.'li' .... lB.l948to,\\U'D ~ , •. tlleUl"- '.9
fJlt lfCld aga.t.asfj, ft1:!lb':~t flo. tftr,l llqUid4t•.d PJ'04tH4a 01 ~ a~ta .
ta "0J't.'upl.
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l'D e;ad that .Us 'tbll ~h _n ..
Iil&".,ati'. ,.\ ~.D 84",,_« of . .
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'Ott1. 011_ age.:tn, 'bis \1_ ro1nt.bte' "t'·~t.l.t:: Uw ~st.d.: O~Q'" ~ aeu.
_8 HHpta'ble, \he . . . ." • .-st1e· B~~ by tM J:\n"t~ee appeRln4 to pll"eHB:t
all apporta!t" ttw.' qMd!':a,a.l"tl'" d1"",.,,'Ha.ct .. 6!l4l1ut.leat'1l tae ~nll~~u •.
I '014 .~ •. 4al. . . \bat the »eplli,n.~t·\~~4 'nb4\:1it .tOT ~. t..1;mNin.tr h_
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the • •o\eiUm tbnt ab OOfthmen'"W. iaociD '- able t.o. _31,l~r 1'1'Ul ~ U.S.
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VIA AIR POUCH.,; CONFIDENTIAL
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
TRANSMITTAL
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SLIP
- Lisbon,
INFORMATION OF THi:'ro:REIGN
OFFICE
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INDIVIDUAL
L~~~~~~~~~~~~---l_~AgP~P~R~OP~R~I~A~TE~RE;P~LY:;T-:O:':TH;,E;-{"
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.Il'flI'ORMATION OF THE REPRE.
SENTATIVE OF THE FOLLOWING
U. S. AGENCY:
21952
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WREN A REPLY TO THE DEPARTMENT IS INDICATED PLEASE REFER
TO THE FILE NUMBER AND THE DRAFTING OFFICE.
.
FILE No.
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SIGNAnJRE
0,
DIVISION
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EUR:WE
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- .....-:
!-.--- . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~1I::f~8~1-100M
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1te.tereu.ce 1,g ma4e to the noantuohailtga' ot 'dews bet.,.
.,.nm.eat;'~a ...
.P.,:~:Um ngpst1a
1itr th.elleputmat of aate .....~
Pon,._se'.tter to
settle ts1te. 100.. gold oontJt'GWrs6)':I:¥ 'the.. d&l1-17' t. the
Npreseatat1v&s of our
of 1.9 tea of' gold agaUl.t', rGl~_~t he 'a.
pfVGHe 01 11.111. . . . Benaa"·~· .. :~. "
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fA, tmtiGra1!oo4 that ,..~;:~d_""111if1g that
witll PoI'tliagald thi8' time .'8114 'that the
Ua1t;.ed . . . . . ..ald_port; t.o the o1a. . _~. j,D I.u
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that it
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Portup.e.,
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(I,), h~' of "',oontJ.zm&~b'_lt1Jlg, that
tI»N ... political oODfflilemt-,'Whloh ~ta~tlem:eatl.
with ~at thSa ttme.·' '::
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flat GDU agJel'SPltti maae'wttih:Pwtagal'wOuld notJ'fOllUlt
,1B o1tld.ma ....... the UJd.. . . . . . ., " ...
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(a) ~ri.1;y 1&ft:_lve4~,..,''tih&l8thadat.t.da to ~
with ...... poe.iDle . .
With: ~l"t1tga1, ",
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making tte .pt!Oposal.~ metS.vate4 1Jy the P1'8Ct1~,oonsi~tOR.
whlcm., J.A' ita jr.td. . . . t.".,.... Qi...,.pt-.' Of ti&e. P0rt~
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tb& oplnim ot
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pollti4GJ,OoDsi._tt.cs wMeIla
have e beal'ilag em, tlIe. pl'.l-. .
. . ~--. '*1Ilg e4vanta&e .t·the ~_of .Am1aaa. . . .
~ ill ~. 0tJ~1t84 . 11m OIl t)&,iesti&.· 'or the .'
.~~OD a1'¥01W 11ep8~. the. 19 BclOm8dUl exo~
fIB~.amIa lteariIIg _ ~_'(1,~ &ad' ,,) aboft. '.
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RepJ!dtag prO'V!laa' (ai)
all_ '(8) '.tb8. Depal"tmsat doue Dot·
GOBS!." ............ 18 IUQ' . . .-t1to~~ speCific
aatllorlt;tnm ta. BethtJrla4a to;'p ahea4'w1th wbat., lB t.he
j"'dpJ.G' of the Tnt~ 18 'bhe:,bOat aettlflmtlllt la the prEll!48M1.
fts
powen haw a1~·~tbat they haw tuU
_thor...
to Da8Jttate &Del 00lio1_ aGOe1"U with t.hlr4
. .tn•• r&gard1a& 10f)ted go14:.4 ~: Gftel'Ul aBaetse
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-1a.. NARA Date Ji I'3=
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tbat. ~ . 11&d.t1e4 . . . . . _,,14 ~;,,~'aar UabU.S'r 'by the .
pro,.884 aGbloa. . . ......... i.~ 4eea 1ateJI4' to
oaaault \d.th the Inhcw1J1m.a It isba a~ ot \be Dirttd. •
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The Honorable
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John W. Snyder_
The Seoretary of the Treasur,y •
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"&bltutiGD 011.9 ....·"of ·pU·u4:tPh ~' to ~ .t'=m
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'1d.t:b ~ W the ~t,. at'ttie Mpaftlte powers t. _~~
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tJhe Jl'8tmerlaads lIefore ~g uepJAti.es aloag , _ ~~. iD4t0ate4.
It t. ~r8t.a tibat fUlJ" ~ ~_th .PCl'tugal woWd
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oih. .trmoea obUpCie the" btpn_po:Wen . •,iprnta.
~.cm to,'~ PWpoRv . •1Ith
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that, ._011· .~t 'W'GQlfi be . . ...a S.Il . .h,_era. ~o exelude
lS.tb$.l1tytm,.., ~ of t~ Mpart:ltapo.wen'J _ thlth-' ut1enale
'b ·the··wa\ tfh@t;,aa.tttal~.flO1ldoa ue aot·1I8&11... i'n1a
l1qdUtioa 06: e._ aSMa to ,~~ Pol't\lgAl for tke emoat' ,of
~
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gold _ioft . , . he
1 abould Wee
Dap&~ 408:0
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"0 . . . . tAD ~t,ty
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nat rat.- GaJ
to
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_ . . . , 1.,.1ML Ia tiM __ . , Ii eettl~(f, '4th .~ l~ Ia
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wh10)! fttII1t.rIa ~ . . amt-.leaew,emeBt &;tno~"OIllT tk&
.1~ p_la 1Rd;• •f . . .l .•part,. . . . t)jQ . . . .
'probl_
o£~.apettJ,l_ oI~:a •••. m Port~ ,1n~~G
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~._~t~_. lilfou14 ~. . oUt tlta1i':~~·~.lGn
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'by ·~tai'".·._l1!eil"
oat; of.·kGepi!. . . .~ . . mD1I'6 e~.and~t·~·~rt_t;
to
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111 thenBptlatioaa ~g 'heAlorea.. .
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. PortUguD88ottel' is Dot a1ri.ll~ftas:. I~. h~.
t.l!at. t~8 is a ~st.i_ uhloh should be' taken ~'cr ~_u.id9rat·l..
.' . wbmlthe IlSgotiat'1mg .taGtios aN bemg. deft1eped.
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FORM 0$-..
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P-27-50
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TElmfASfiADF THE UNIUD ~TATE~·:".·':
TRANSMI TAL SLIIft:AMERICA
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DATE ,~..
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TRANSM ITTEO FOR
Officer in Ch rge
I.II FORUT 10 N
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TB ••ltlE u:",I-: '-'1'''.:I.H'¥.oRIU.T I ON"O Y THE PORU!lH
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APPROPRIATE 'REPLY"TO THE
TRANSIIIS8ION ro TBE FOR
EIGN OFFICE
S~BIIISSION
·I.NDIVIDUAL
OF'~
TRE _EPARTIIENT.
I.IIPOR:IUTION OP TBE: REPRE
REPORT TO
RE~ER TO
Sl!:IIUTIVE OF
U. S. AGENCY:
T!".E~OL~OWI.IIG
... ;
ADDfTIONAL·REMARKS
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INFO.
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WREN l:REPLY TO TRE .D!PARTIIENT 19 INDICATED
TO TRE 'FILE NUIIBER AND TRE DRAFTING OFFICE.
FILE NO.
.......
SIGNATURE, "
CLASSIFICATION
LRWi11ianis
DIVISION WE
,Confidential
~LEA~t~~FER
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Box
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.lccord· OD German As,sets .in ,Portugal
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fWICIP.AU'l'SJ ~"Jamieson;" Second S6~ieia1";YI':Briit~lfEcibQ~§'1
MIx' Ruff1l1A '.-, Firat Seeret:a,qt) Fr@ntili' ~;~l~flay
Hr ~ Fletcher :s, Stata o MN~':"~':~:,~, .
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Hr 1 Gilchrist",,· State ""RA·.
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mNt1ng ns an'Mg~d on Au~'Ust6i;.19~2amop.g:reprefi1~ntatbr~:!Il .
Brltiah' tmd Frrench' J.!JibSSlGis:l\ &nd fit th~ Depal~il1t· to aglI'®$ OD .
a li"0c@aend.0d course of Batt,on 'for reference/to Gov®mments WU;hI'I!!JSPttct·
fA
@1 .thllll
to tht!! imple!MratatioD ot the Ace.oM o~ German a.sseta: in Portugal and. the
86l)ttleD!ent ot the, related problem ot' therest:ttution to t.he Allie~ by'
PoriugU of loct(ld pld &cqud:refl from Geime.tVe '-: .,' . :
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~ou.nt uu' .~ thstthe Department $ho~o. i~diatelY' eonsnu t
the DQli~oh: in WaeJhtiugion 1',0 ,M'ij'iae tbat'ao:Ve:fnmerit /Jftfi@ i.rI.t0fl."tlon, of,the li
A.UieMl toaocept the Portuguese offer ·()tJ,,9 tOliil',of' gold. in il,al)' difJ'~ /'.
ellWrp otth~ Portuguese obligat:1cms" Since it: had bean agreed that the
mi€ J eMw nO,obligation to eon suIt :t!l~gold clal~Qntooulltrl$8~ car~~ .
should bSltaun 1D the consultation' riot: t:O: ~lVG ,the Dut'ch~' the 1mprC1!ssion \
tbmt theU' OOn!l8nt e.ebeing sought" ; ,:~t:j:las also agrec.df/ howevergl that
it tbf!! Dutch object8ci e the Allies woUld~~XW1linG' the,b.·autho1'1ty 8.i!
tn-utillesbatore 'prooooding, with the seit1iement,; . Th6 Br1f,~.@h:rsprtleentetiw
augpmted that tbe Depanant a.ttemptto.J'obtain:'a m"1't~n ,eOIUISJll,i; tioth®'
F~Ml frOlla thtB lOuteD
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The BJ'1tisb reprel!e.llltati"st) on 1Ilei.t~c:·tion f.:r'OtIl'hi$ Gcweinllentlj
hie position with respect to the 'pajrmqt of .100 1'{!111:t"on escudo&\! .
ul'Mie1" 'Artlcl~ 'fit; para ]. (a) ae lit first priority for GU~J61iltanc~ to the
"
nOml;"rQPatrie.ble victims: of G.e:rllltm aggr8soion" It was reeall®d that thi8
p7!'Ovled.on walt . included in. the Accord in fulfillment J10t th@ Allied! tl'C'e& t;v .
obligat.ion to the. International Refugee Org9.nlzatjton" The Brit,i~h re,·,
pNllentatl". stat;!)d that thG r9ll11e~tlon _a ,ball1g mad* on two. groundtll8
~l) the mo baa been liquidatfl~~and(2l the 8p~chl,1nte)i~efIJt of thejJ1!f.o
In, cormoatlon with thiB llltterwlnt". theB:rit1eh, NJPlJ:'\lll8€1utative PO~~0~'
.outtbat the UIX "as und\e~llJ.m in c&te~~?, j &ceo1mt~ Wld,' iS01lti,tlecft@
1'~815rNd
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about )' ,"fot amy f.'utu.re dl"rtrl:b~t1on 'birARA~that ,it is! a matterot'
,importance to his (lo"emll!l8l!t ·that'" they1s1d toWu. b~ a.ugmented to'thfJ
tullestextent possible and thus':a.rrording :the UK a 'b<e'tterchMcs' ,to
obtain an overall equitable shliArein Germanreparati"n and at the,lllull3
, tirlta to assist in overcoming the:'UJI( balance,co£',paymen'ta pl'Obl@)Iil,~ Th@
BrtUsh repreeentet.iwG added th&t<lt, would seem ecfu.iti~blea!.loo8'~
to nJdUC0 Pl'OporttoM':..:',l.1 the IRO ~8hare in 'Ill"." of th~ leasor ,l!UllI'OUlIlt
that CSJl'l DOW De expected"
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, The Department 88 representatives corr~ctedth~ @l'F'OiMITOUG impl"ol!81on
of the British regardingth* status of the IRO by pointing out that IRO
is BtU.! ifl the process of liq1;.idatlol) and that a:t th~ lalllt lllISeting ot
the IRO a trustee.".,in".oliquidat1on vas appointed ;torell3~a1v0 thl9 81miml du®
to the mo Wldsr .the .Paris Reparation ,Act,~:rrom>,"the liquidation ot
GorlUll USlSts in Switzerland mid>.Port~; .tha'~the .tmldlfi\ had alread;y
bema allocated
in ant1cipatlon,cf<thelrredelptamongthl! III!®lnbe1"'ageDci;as
of tb.® IRO 'totinance approved·i prOjec:tl1J"mid o finallYiIl some ot tho &pproll\gd
p!'Ojecte have been completed b~~'~~G 'Voluntrary qeneiasu.wier temporary
.t1nM@ing which 1s subjeot to r.1mb~sement~· With regard to the f:Jecond
'hasis tor the BritiBh 1"'8S8nat1on'o"it wa's Pointed out that1tthe lRO
were to ba deprived of its du",,:tt'~ould ·bene~es~ to e@~k
arIi@tns!'
.
.l1lUJ!laent of' the locord which would. further complicat(j aJ.re'ady 1ntrlcattPi.
negotiations with the POli."tugu~@~·:and rss..Y, U80MW .~. unf.uworable (d'tec'~
_ the PortUgLltiSEl since the hu!&anitar1u.elelHnt'ftb1eb wae indueivG to
th8 Portuguese would be :reduoed" :,·!tw4saleo pointed ou1; that it is tb~
well establIshed poll07 of .thIiUnit&d Staies"Govel'WDent,1l wh1chbas beu!
rG@ently re~~aphaalzod b.1 ~gre88 in appropriating mou@yt@ aa81s~ .
Ntupes p to encourage emd to assist relief and rehabilitation work~
In wiew of .this pol107v' tbeeontinued 8tatu~.ot.the mOl) and the treaty .
. obligation of thaUnited States and the other Al11e~ to the IROD it would
'be enremelJ' ua11kely that the tIllited States; couldag~"ee to deprive the
IRO of the amount due under the..AccordoTbe Frenchr~pli."esentatiyeo in.'
agx'&eing with the Aliseri.e6n viewpo1nt p stated that while his Government's'
Tre8surywould undoub~dl1 walcomethe larger .partioipation1n the proce~9
,
, i
Wh:lchwoulii, result trom a default, on .the 'obligation to the IROD his Govern..
Mnt neve~h8eR'" m aymp8:tby':W~th ,the hUIll!lu1t8fianpurpoaes being
_ned. by the mo &Dd lavored ;the ,:astiefactionofits claim asa matter
ot first priority;', YheBritish"ripr!l'sent.Eitive agreed 'to report to his,
Go'n:rnillent the attitUde o.t th~, Fre~eh and the ,Un:1ted States on hb
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, neerq,tlOJl and" to seek tw...ther instructions"
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'Ehe representatiVes then revi~wfJd tor'the'record the proposition
whioh the A1l1f}8.now propose to accept,,'. Thls'propQsalwas IIUlde by the
. Portuguese H1nlstr,ot Foreign Affairs, in, a Note dated Ju11' S" 1948 as
tollovllU
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, Portugal, .would .'
Q.gj~IDlY'l;IaL' Sj:.gQ1!Ity , INFOftM4.TIQ~:
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P@rt\1iGl would ~ tC:;tu.rn" ov~r 'to" the Alli4i)s j,,9"
'tomte of go14 prorldlMl th$ ~~,~\!mt,' ot Portupl iareimbUl"si)d,
tor the value ot the gold out, of' the liquidated p':'CIJltSeds of
Gell'maD 'asHts iml Portugal", ::'1'0' effect, the, reimblL-:'eement"
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PortUgal proposed that the llCO()rd. be revised b:1 inC1"ellil!iing
th@ firstpqmt!mt due to, Pcirttigal under Art VD pat'B 1 ' (b)
. troll 50 liillion to 100
escudos' and by changlDg, the
'percentages speeU'i8d m 'para ']. (0) f.rom 5~ tor the PoriugueoEl
miel sO$ tOi' tba AUie. to ,'10% ,'and 30$" resp.ietiv/S.119 wt11 '
PortupJ. 0,. olaim. against Ge~ f') including, the ols.1tm to
Niabursemant to%'. '
the restituted gold 0 had. been sat.isfied ~
.
million
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It was thf4l considered by the·repreaentatl.weathat on the baailJ
ant~t1mated Value of 400ml111on'G&oudo8 tor German aO~&t8 in Portugal a
a\abjuat to l1quldationllandnotincluding some 27 millioD' escudos of' '
Gel"ll'.lUl property in the Colonies to which the Allie. ,also have a claim
UDder, the Accord£> the, following resUlts would 1>0,' obtained trolll tho
Nvteed d!flltrlbution schedule: ,',:'~c..
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Dulfl to nw
Dull to Portugal
100
uDder Art Vl"(b)
under An Vi ' (c)
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100
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TOTAL
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Due to Allies undelt"
Art V .1
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"400'
In' cuJcI1:t.1oDt! the' A.l.UGlIl1JOuld receiVel, approxtmatel,. 43 ,rdllion
~p:N8enting tile liquidated 'ml\lJGl of'o1'1'101e.1 Genuan, State
P:rcl1p8"7 in Portugal 0
'
escudos
, The 1"eprOsflntativea toOk ccgnlzMceot . the 'tact~iCba.ta8Bw:.dng "
th@ oorrectness ot the estimate,ot 400 million eSCUrlOSS,8 the valU!9 "
@f the GI~ assets to be 11quid~tedp:" the yield' of; 240 million escudo~ ,
to tlle Portuguese' would ,Dot covei'" t~eval~, of the geld which 1312'7
rdUlon ••udoa, aDd 'the, amcunt of 140 ml11ion escudos ~hieh~ 1t Uti
~wltb tbeportugu.t)oEl in '& '·~upplementa.r7 letto1t' a~c6mpanying th® '
Aowntl) muld'll. the amount due Portugal under Art V ptU'4.1 (b) and (oJ.
of the Accord in nt1atactionot PortugUese ola:tu~ '!'he rep:l."osentat.1V195 '
o\)sell"Wfld" hOW9ftro that ,if this "result be@!lIie appart!lntto the Portuguese
and preyed to" b,tlI an obstacle to a settlement, the A.lIles could point
out that "it is the Portugv.ese ovm' proposal we an accepting" that the
comJdt_nt of 140 million
esou~osin
aat1sfact1onotP@rtuguese claim.s
. _~ .conditit;'ned upon aautticient<yield from theliquldatiopo imd that
1tnecessar.Jo'theA1l1ea could 1ield their claiD to Ge~ assets in 'the
, Colonies which, amounts to an est1Mted.27 mlll:1or! escudos which would
be sufficient to cover the detltd.t" , ' ' ,- '
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,It 1IUaonD.14.red~hcmer0 'tfuit the settlement might be oem··"
pllcated' b7 the taU1ireot the Alliet\l and Portugal to sattle ' the, SO...
oaUGCl IIneh1p<>1llCn8~ easelS'llfhich iDvol",ea about 187 m1111oD, @scU4l08or
approxiMte17 SC»1i ottbe eet1mated,total'vuue of Genaan aBoets!,
,rlDa1l7v the _tt~r of procedural taetl~sva8 oonsidere<i"Sinoe
the PortuP.se ofter haa been outstanding tor four )'ears and there haft
'beea many exchanges ot news in the interim" it was consicieredthat. not
onq 1111 the .u.t.ter otapeaking otan acceptance altha Po:ri.ugueBGotferj)
atthil time",. a delioato one p but that eire_stancos justified BO_ doubt
d to whether the otter eu be legally oll!l\b~d 't·o be outstanding" It '
_8 aSNsd that the Allied imb&88iotJ in ,!it!1f1!,1(i',l IIthould be consulted on
thls point "&Dd that they!) in thelrjudpentp '~ wish to dleerMtly
80und cut the Portugu&HI' ' The Br1tlshand French. etrOngl1 U2'pcltbat
tho PortuguesG be approached 81multaneOuslJ'at a high level (Assistant
Se~"ta171ev.l) in WaShington 0 Parl~f' antI, ~dolQ'j;'
The Dapenll8nt&Jl. '
reprea18!Atatlw8 expressed a preteren(.'l" t:ortbs'hendling of the matts1\"
, 1114 L11J~ b1 the ,.bUsies. but agtGedf'lnally that thio tlm& the Notes
<
could., be beDded to the PortugwJlseAmbassadol'ainthe thrN mied~p1teJ.8i:"·\
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, COOFIDENT.IAL SECU!YIY tNF0RlA1I0I!'
EURaiE&LRI1l11aBl&ls.
8/12/52 .
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,'. DECLASSIFIED
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Section
P.Qrtugal, August 20, 1952
Li8~()n,
OON[IDENTIAL
SECURITI INFORMATION
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Dear Bill:
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Amba8sador Cannon certa1nlsanticipat~d the Department on
. the question of German represent.ation in. Portugal, tor 'he discuBsed
the matter with 'me, instru.cting me to preparebac:;kgraimd data tor
him on August 5, 1952, the very· ~bet6re the.meeting at the
Allled~epresentative8 in Wa8hington tor the purpOse ot agreeing
on a recommended course ot action to betollowed by the Allies in
seeking a settlement with the Portague.ect ,he looted gold 188ue
and implementation ot the .Acoor~·' on .Germansa.Blet& ,in Portvga1.
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Please tind enclosed copies" of the t.wo memoi'Elllda prepared for
the Ambassador on August 6 and 8" 1952,whiOh might be ot interest.
to you and ethers 10 the Department pending our reply to the'
Department t II confidential airgramno. 25 of August 12, 1952 •
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With kindest personal regar$5, I ,am,.·
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Sincerely, .
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.. C. R. Wharton
First SecretarT., and Consul General
Enclosures:
coples of twc Jl,uoranda.
statistical surv~ ot September 15,
1951, with annexes.
, '"
William B. Dunham., Esquire,
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Division of Western Europ.ean Affairs,.
Department of state,:' .
Washington, DoC~
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OPEaA'fIONS MEMORANDUM
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To: .
Fl'omt
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Subject,
FOR1HGN i1!PRI!SImTATION: . German Represatation
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Conversation or,iA.~st 5, 1952.
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Reference:
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There aret1ft) Allied CwDmit~ in Port.ugalst present, cha.rged.
withGernian affairs, namelYl
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AlUed Committee tor German.JlXtfH'Dai
Assets in Portugal;
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Allied. CGntrol Committee for'('~rBIarl, ..
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Affairs.
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In compliance with 19\\1" ~,equ~t'fo~priet., data on, the present
status of German affairs in p,on~l, I wish to .sabmit. this memo
.randum on the second GOD'JIDit.~' m.entioned. above.
.
In December 1947, AmeJ'iC811~:representat1on ~ the Tripartite
Allln Control Committee for.' G~r_ AtCa1re.(referred to ae flee
and. formerly known as the Joint, ,.'Allied committee for German Affairs)
was asa18ned to the Consttar .S~ctiOl'l of'.the. EmbassY"
Prior to that
date it had been handled b, d1ttet"ent effieer. in' other seetions of
the EmbassT. Ttdllll Committee,com.posed of delelates !rom tbe
. Ali'IBricari, British and FreI'lcbEm.t3asaiea )It Usben, ,for 501118 time
sereeneel all German. nationals seeking to enter or' leave Portll8al,
but, in view or the increasing liberal1~ation and nor.r,~1izat1on Gt
German travel aon~rol, and t.he·~ventua.l. recogn1tiOn of t.he Federal
German Republic, such overall screening was ri~ longer desired by
the Combined Travel Board (en) in Germ&nyor the Department ot
~tate.
A.eeordinglY:I the ~:JC PT'.eR?red tW.0 lists of· r"ermane whose,
entry into Portugal, or travel elsewhere, was \Ulduirable, and. the
em added BUch names to its Travel Control Ust. (TeL), consult.ing
with the ACe before any travcl.do(!1l!!l(!ntea,r~ authorized for indi
viduals concerned.
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coNFIDENTIAL
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,In Portugal. t.be officer. o,t ,the .Br1t.lsb I!.;m;.a.e:e,. in charge
, 0.£ t.beV1sa SaCt..ion (W. F. G~ Dorr1Agton)ls t.he person actually
issuing net onli documents ,to. Ge~ "~rI&~' llnit alee visas
, to' all persons entering' AWed OCcupied Zones of QemllR1
Be
0
cODimmdcatea direct. with the C'lB atBa.4 Salzuj'len,: Germany, and
and
to~e~i: trhe a4V1ee
evrles Ollt. \be ~1QOJ:us~ot :t.heacC
1nPortqal witJl respect to, the ,~8euanoo ~tt.ra"l· c1oownenta,
coUeet1ng toea tf'omapplle,ants'lIlutt1c1ent ,too eover 'all a.p~1l80$
in 'the, mainwnance of 'his 'spee1al ~pr:eSlent.atiolllo, '
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bTtbeIn,:~o:.:::-~~~~~t4j,,~~g
1mm:ed1at.e17. 1\' i l F.~4. th.' tlleGe~ r&pre,~~l~' ", '
WOl1ld call 'n the ACOto 1l~i.t;ltet 'h11i' a~""~~;<~: .9~e
of Geriaan iat.Nst..iaPe~t.l~.i:..1he ACe.,w.:~d:~~".\;lJ.~1n
loeal ndapaper. that. all ap'1.1ca\1,on~, ~dcot~e~~o,,;~:: ' :
c(JDftl&cUon 'w1th CermUd~nkU. "alld.ri.• • ;·(et,':I}'~<:~lcI
be sent \ to t.heG~; rcIPijt"~ttv'. ", ~",~~):t~'/"t.l;le",~'4ili~ . .
of the ACC, great eal'e$us:t. be\takea to' a,,014'.el.:tbjt~'l4Itl\'," .,,'
Gonat-rued. assupel'vl~ or'hitJ'1c:tlag tl1E{Gei'mat{".F~"tat,~••• "
i
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I cold. ned 1Il\b~.:I>t~rin&t0R ,.e.~e~T~:~;,,~.oei~ ,
whet.her an, IDea OJ'ot.bei":.z.~!e8 Of-F·b1~··ot't~O!jo~~nt9:ACC. ,
wotWl be t.tUD.over, toot.h. ;~maR "'FeS$Dtatl••:.(!';.~ ,llorJ'1ngt.on ,
•.,.t.ea that. DO ~pante 'fllett ~'.~ept. 01, Q$~/:~1Iu!l·~e.,,~(,b7'·
his ofl1ce and' that." he ' tlae' 'rif>th1.q, ·to ,tvno,Y.r:<':,o;a!O~~ ',.re--.
pre. . ~t.l'ewb~ 'appo~t.~~",,~~ rftspec~,to '~J!1':Jia~~~' aDd
. clUzenehlp cases, '!ltJli.. DOfll'1iijg~at.atee t~IJ1t,~.~.a ~~. t~,an
'sen' regQl.aJ"lT to\b$ approprla~~;;a.t,bOJ1,u.,,.~~,~,'Ud" he
,
1s prepare4\o t.U1i4'tMt~o a~~'maa!"Fe.~t.a~1"e' ~,., 4t1pUc=ate
copi" ot hi. aofltrol~ard8, :Diinbe~ abo11t,600.;., A $ample 'of , ,
such oerds 1,8 at.t.aQhect.
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Undeub~;; tae.417IiiQt 'tll~,a.(eo.(:'heACq'·ar,e:n~J'~.,': ,; ,"
as evidenced by the t$CJent,:anl1Dunc~nt.4:D t~tfp~~.itnat.:;~;3J.r~
,':! ;::t=.otJl:O:~;:"~Gt\J::~~~~~~:r~~ "'
, at.teat,1cm other tb.~~~~~eo ,It;, ,1.....4 .>,,~,,'~~.
" G.1'inaIl F~e.eor. aa4 1& ,rumoJ*.cb.eclPlC\ltbe.t.)f~allet:,:ha.' "
expre$ee4 clotlbt; .'her >he 'QCU1d' epare ~ell u~J'tan, pemnaa
at 'this tJ.m.e to J'eprellent,b1e .1\8W ao~t a\',tlsbo!l. "
The late." 4evelopm.ent 1s that t.he em, at, :BadSalzu.t1en,
a_many, in a letter date,d June' 13. 1952, refers' to the ACC'S
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CQNlt'IDEN'l'IAL .
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Hard Gore !J.ste which Wl:tre in(!iud,~d ·.in the 'CTBt e !ravel Control
List mentioned above, ,:tlld, pu:r'Sl~ft;tto ·£I·deciaion of the Allied
High Commission, and in preparation for. tl'~e lIIiplementation ot the
Contractual Agreement prcv1dingfo~ I:l wide exch8ng~ of travel
securitY' information, reqaeets.the ACe to r€port:
:
a) if the Conai.t tee wlehes the names to be .maintained
on the 'I'-CL as an Allied request end, if so, in
what. categof'l;
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b) if the Go.mmi ttee lIiehes to paea on any derogatory
information held in its illee"on the perscoa. so
mainta.ioeQj. if ;so;'.t'ext. of ..information to be .
supplied.
"
The CTB alec requests the ..AcC. to b~;.il:'1 .mind t.hat it would
be .ernbarraseing to include large,~number~ '.of naJ'M\B on the TCLat
Allied request. without supplying the German aut:horitiee with. the
perUnent. information.
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J.n interim reply was sent. to t.hflC'1'B on June 24, 1952, to'
explain tn.at., owing to the absenee from .Lisbon of' tho lJJ:'itlBh
cklelate and. then the Fr<eDch delegate"arepl.v could not be torth
~)m1nS beiore mid-August.
Bot.h Mr. Darrington a...'1d I do not. wish to turniah informatia1
to CT'r3 1\lij1ch l$ to be turned over to t.he German Government, but,
i f we are forced to do so,
50urees of sueh informa &10n will be
shOWl'l.
In view otth.e· fact that the·;BOrinOpvernm.ent l"ece.ntly has
docum.ented r:rermans whose names appear on the Hard Oore Lists, tor
whom sunil doewuentation was' re,fused by tbe ACC' OIl. security grouad8,
we. s,*, .(lousetul purpose iID t'urpi:tih1na cbssitled intol'mation
concerning Hard Core List persone. .
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no
A. decU10n wll1 be reach~d just :as: soo~ as the French delegate,
Mr. de Montills, arrives at Usbon next week.
I hope
~
submit. torou shorUl a )De.fli;)l'andum on the status
of t.he liquidation otGeman I.uisets in Port.ugal.
El:iclosure:
Control Carel.
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Minister tor Weatea
,
~:tm.9Il1
10 L1sbOD.. ,BDm 1ft
1884, he 1s a Master' of Claleieal. Langu.&g_ and in
1945 be was Hea_ster of Ba,den Righ School.
Since
than he haG held s.Yera11mportant administrative
poets ift German1 incb,dl.Dg that '01 ,rea1dent of the
~d,SId Baden
in'1947.
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Froms
Subject,
fOREXGN JtF.PRESjmTA nciN I
Reference f
OOftyeraaUcn of
German IteprelBmltat.1an
,in 'Parbag,,:l.. ,
.t~at' an4 ." w.:ei A~8t 6, 19,2.
"It
•
.,'. .' '.,,"
5UPplement.~
,
my OM to
'
you~t,Auguat:'6;i::19;2,: Jw1.sh
to suhmtt.
'he following information OIl the;preeent ",~~t~, otrOelmsn external
&eseta in Portugal, wit.h whieh'io~,(w.re, taidl~ar'p'lor ,to ,QUI"
d.eparture from Lisbon ,in 1947~'" :,: '
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Shortl.y aft.er I was appo~,.~;~~erlc8n ,delegate on the Allied
Committee .tor Qenran ,A8IIetein, }>()Jtt.liI{(slin Ailgust. 1951, wit.h Mr.
,. Kenneqy Cromwell as 1'S1!J alterriat~, a statistical: survey as of!
September 1;" 1951 ot each as84t"~, )lVa8prepE\r~. ,As I believe this
1s a gO:od point t1"9m which to',atart,t.o 'f9m111adze 10\1 with the ,
present status o!t.he liquidat.ion 'or Gel'llLim aSsete, I am attaqh1.ng
hereto a copyet: ,thesu!'V.., together with it.e enclosures.
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I ' 11 gratifying t.0 l't£jpol'tthat alcoa our appo1..,tment to the' '
COJIIIII1ttee, there has been sOm.e pro,reS8 made'in the l1qaldat.!.on of
\he ae8eh. In tact.,. dt11'irag the las' few _nthe,
Ab1Uo eel..
LoumaM, InspGctorOenel'el of Credit and. In.8.afl_~ and his Aasia\
ant, JOII Corullall...1 Pedrosa" ,have cooPeJ':e.,t..8d1fel.l with t.he
'
Co:nud.tt..e,t but, ~e teel that, beceUl!e of t,belOna 'de:". 1a the
, liquidation of t..hese 1otPOl'ttilnt~,ss.et.s. anc:l t.tl*!,"annmmcement of the
'ar.
,.'
appointment of a representltlv~;t'~ -t~ .p~~~~,.e )lo,ernment; by
the Federal German Rep\lbllc" at}i')pti shoul€! be iekea 1Jramediateq to
,eomplet,e the llqu1datlon ot all;:Oerman' a~eet8~. early ae possible.
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Important. developments wl~!1,,:;t. .et t.o, Garman e.seat.s s1D.ce the
statbt,loal
at Septem~~,::1':" 1951, ,referred to abo~; aft 6S
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COIWID'IlNTIAL
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GJmlAi1 STATE ASSETS•.
a)
GermanScnool at
Op!rto~
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Since the French Gov3m..ment. has ~xpres8~dan interest in
puchasing the former German School at Oport~" the "Coinmitte. agreed
in principle that the French eh~u4.d be al,lo:wed:.topurchaee the
'
school, subject to theea_ pro~du.rero:l.];;o~ed, 1n .the case of the
.purchase andtranat'.er "r titll!,,)).f.\,:t:.h~l' formE;\r','German Legation
building in Li:sbon to, us. . ".:;,~ ,
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Despite several notee our\~.E:zr!~tUi'Y ha.directsa to the Portu
gusse Miftistry of Foreign, At'fairs,:.Fequeeting its deeision with .
respect to ownership and tit,le::'o.fthe school property at cporto,
, no answer ha!5 been receiyed.. .,A,cc'ordtftg to' t.he, , present French .
Ambassador, he haa been ~id hI" 'the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign
Affairs that if' the, que:ation is ,j'lushed at, this time" the decision
will be-unfavorable to the ,Allied·Commit.t.ee •
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b)
German Libraries.',
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'At long last', due princ1piilllYto the efforts ~~f 'fir. Crornwell,
till booke and lJt.hfi' llltit..arial o! tJ16 Goru;;;;,n· librclriee h.;ive been
removed from the out-building ;of II Ru.a Pau," cia. Bandeira, a n d ,
liquidated. In June 1952, the French GOvernment purchased ~,ooo·
volues. it. few V011.Llll$3 • •re a:~qldre<i. th,1'~u.gh/b14ia by two American
members of our Embassj', and au:';r:~n.1rlt~,'vOLume8' iric ludinS hu.ge
quantit1e, of l~a:d propaganda,~:-';declaredby··Franch ,Ugrd.ry experts
to be of nG intrinsic value.. ,wer~e're!ldered and. sold toa local
pulp manu.t'a.::t.uring iirm.
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'll. ASSETS l1AAJtT WI'LH !lNDl@ CITA.TIO!~PROCEDURB.
, FOtlr German Sh1e*g C~!pan1e8.
..
The cases Qf the four Gerinr.ln·ahippiog companies, involving
lS7.,m1ll1on esc.dos, are atillpending in the Portuguese Ministry
of Finance, I'lo:r~al decision havins; be.en. rendered. These cases '
wer.,reported to the Department. iQ t.he '~8t. Supplementar1 ,DoCJWI'.IBBt.
tollowin& Annex B of the Statist1eal Suney, and the Embassy- s
despatch no. 1,1 et August 20, 19S1.
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The
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"1# Firms".
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These comprise t.he Portugllese firmsi'whidithe Allied Commit.tee
cont~nds contain more than 50%"GtJ:riaiulcapttal, 'UeUall,y "cloaked.·.
Ait.el' consicierable effort by t.he"Allied:Co.mmittee, scUon has been
brought by the Portuguese rn'spect'orate Gene ral of Credit and In
avance in three of t.heaecasea ,In an Oporto civil court, where
they are now being hearci, t.o .'8't·~lish such 'German investmsnto '
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OONFIDEiTllL'
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�.'. DECLASSIFIED
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'. NJrrtority1!."JO 81Z~~ . .
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----~ NARA OafeJiI' 3.
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While the.. actions ar~, .spec:Uicall1 to .~s~a.b~sh .. that the
listed Port\lgf1e8e ewa~$were not-:J,he. actual,.o~er" and alea that
ther tailed to compl¥ w1~' meting law t.od:(lClare'"fol'eign assets,
a favorable deoia1on w1llfacll1tate the AliledCommLttee in
olearing such German asaeteto,"Uqutdat1OJ1.-·'
.
. <:~:~.
To our kaowlqe, this 18 ,.the, f1rst . time:.~tlui,t} the Portugi:lese
Inspectorate General haa 1n8tJ.t,U~~' clv11·;:_C?~)Jl't,·,,~ct1on in a German
assetsl . cal. u1»Jl evictenee furnished: by t.h.~, AUiCKl C01I!Rllt.t.ee and
upon 811Ch Committee' srecommendatJ,.on., '::~: .. ,,;.,.
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III.
ASSI'l'S~'m ~~.UJSER LAW" o,'m ALLIID
COtmCIL.
. .
,
1951.
IV..
Th~e has be:m
00
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CONmoL
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change: in'th.ese easee,: sin~e:Sept~ber 15,
.
Gi.Il«A.N MIme; £9RW!S'IN PORTUGAL•.
Th~re has been no change in. the stat\l.Sol the. ROWAK case.
However, upon the insist.ence of the A1Ue.d~ttE!e,· the Portuguese
Ministry of Finance dissolved. the. Babrosa lJ.q~da~ng Com1ss1oll1 on .
Jul1 .3, 1952,' and appointed in i~s stea.dJose. Conslglieri Pedrosa
ae Uq\11dator.
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It 18 recalled' that the di~~lved. UqUi.~'t.i~. Oo~selon ignored
completel1' the 'AlUedCOmmitt.eei'lJle'.!nber <1Jlti}~pO.~lY .concealed tftla
him ita actlvlt.i,es. Thi~ Commission ta.1J.e<i in it.s responsibUitiee
. and, in t.his conneotion, tnellltio.nshOllld be .dfll:th~t it. 8v61ded .
instituting Sabroea' 4'. olaimfor-196 million esCudos 'owed bt tbe
Companh.1a M1neira cie Norte deir.~r,;~al.i'be Al}J;ed C9ma1tt.ee 1s
. pre.ung to receive' a "P1'" ot;~he·~UQU1.UqCo.amD1es1oil' .tlnal
report
aIl4
aoco.'i
·an4.tohave··the.ft_Uqu1.t.~rlici&eSAbro8a t B
olaim &ga1net the' eoilp,Mla' .ili.ne~a "de ;lfor~: 4\ioPeI'.tUpl..
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T,b1s ease ••eemed. a,1~.e}1~'lt1 Qt,~p; Iilldnapurch§
'" \he' ·0enIatl. Aft;' iu.riaa. '-hew~, t.b,e,t.••'of ~t:enana. aQ4'."..;.::,~;
.•to...,. of whi.,h _ . . ..a.allf. aPPfOaoblq. \lli:·~al" of.. the skia••
~ tJlIootigh. Ul.eatfo,.t.. o#~t.!!.~.·e......~. . '·~ .delfi,ate ll
·..
~Uaqll1dau. Qt8biil.: a43~" CJ~,.~:::."'1i1n ~~
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&114 pai4 apen.... 1A~~~'.t:1.DAl:u.r. ~tt.1ag \he sale
· at the sldaB8:' aut.!fm at GwIl~ ,an.4 ~~ .... 11ecember
and 18, .
1951, .......t.eq.
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1a • t,1JI1oal aIlIlpl• .,t\-.t.bedlttJpult1e.1ahel'eJd. 1a tb.,
l1qd~'ion of a."t.,.refJU.~~·il:'~ the 4eC'r." 10: valu et pbyalo~
asae\a.
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ft. Har..n1 eo- 1&
assets in Port.usal.
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.~l. o~th8:dl881p&Uoa of ~
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Th. Port. . . .· .Ma~ CG1Ip..- ~d. moa~ .beloftling to tn•......
G~ ltaroo.· Cap.,- II which .a. tro.....a,,:.GeI'JD8l.'..aneta at. t.he
end.et the war. The "t.~ lIarcoai 8U.b.equen~l;r. cl.&.1ate4
relmbvaemen\ tJlOa \bee. tros. aese"e, aUeling '\hat. the Portugtiese
(Cerre.1.oe, Te1..,.,0..· 1'(91.t__..) 1I.,wb1oth ao't,Gcl, as 8.(I9l\t tor .
the Gel"JUDpoB\-tId'tla., . .d 1t.·I:IIDJUIl7~:'fhEkIJ.qu1dat.J.n1 CliJIlIDiaal_
allowed t..bis alatJa ..,.. objeotl0D8 or tn. AWed C~tt8e'·s dele
· g ate ltA8Uch O
.....a1on and ftC?'e~.:ot . pro te at. .too "he Pertuguese
Foreign Ol£ioe t:rea tA. A.II$r~~.,; ....~~;m,a,n.1!1 rreaeh Embassies . .
..
en
(see .apa'eb••
no.~
tl. IIF!mBIiG
'WU"••
9' ot
A.~~6, lt~Jl,;;l60
fli\Aups' .30. 19·,1,
·and 397 of lovt!lDlbel' 2S, 1951). Bo r~p13 . Or·ap~MUon has ever
be"n received troa the Prtrt.~~.~b .w.a1s~ .or Fol'eign Uta1rso !he
Allled Co_tot.. CIOnt.__ t.hati:::·~t:8 ptqJBeDt. ._S· entUely irrepla.r,
tor t.he claim . , iflrJ:eral ia ChSidt.eI' and tltiould _theye be en
,.tlened. .t. 01 trezen t.da.t\aUl o~r,: cldJas of llke' ..tun
· werefJOfts1d:.,ed."
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. )lnor to Apl'il J.9f2. the IA8peot.orat.. ~.J'al 01 Cred.it . .
lDsaranee .t,1I1e4 the AlUe4 QODm1ttee in, .ea.em ·i.netaatlG ~t. a
daoWan woui.a· be t~ 01\ applJ.AUoa8 to 1lJItree" epec1t1.e
&8SN. ~t~ t.beCommlttee siXt, ..,. w1\b.1D 1!Ih1cll loreplr.
· It _s -tomal7 f . the Ul1efl. Comrr4tte8.. to elt.heJ'aoqulenae in
__ Unfre4z1.ns of t.he aeeats..or·:dJ.$&IrM·,tlte1"OWith cmt.he baai.
\bat. &) German _e..a etsucb ....ts b.ac1 re.14ed 1Ja Q.~ 4u'1n&
·ttie war yeenJ lJ) the ~ waa1av:olv.Lln .ems' of the °42 t1rJlJ8B
·..etarred ~ ..... ~ ~r .) «_ral;:potll'lda, Uaal.l¥·8ecui.t" t.or
_1ch no speoU1o .x,i.atlEJB .a,tuD1eb_ b7. the ComIIlt.tcMe
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Inspectot~~e.i,~ral,~t~,Ollt:cont.rr1Bs w1.t.n
the AWed Oommit.tee, ac:t.op~ed ~).fiw proeedtU'EI UluatreeeiDge,8sets.
Under thb Mll proeed.ure, ttle ,A~lJ.edComm:ltt.eG,Jvae aU]"l n.ot1.tled,.
bilt the Inapeoto,ate General .tated that l,t ;}Yow._ ~o lODger
neeeaear1l.y reoopiae the ob.3e~tJ.ons of the ,¢o_1t.~e as bdAg 1la
aD:1 . y b1nd11'lg. Subs9quent13,. alOlD.Ost ill ~f thet o8.ses1Jb.1ch t.he
'!hereafter, t.be
.
Committee had
placed 1n the., e.) .oateao17 abor,e,wereuntroHn b7 t.he
Inspectorat.e, whieh the AWed CCI'lIID1t.tee contemds 18 contrU'lt.o
Port.uguese Decree Law 37fYI7.
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to tm~e.'.been established. &ome
600 ,ear5 ago tor oharitable purPoses arid. t.o' have operated many
year. in hrtqal,., was the owner of valoable property in L1sboflo
On tbealleged gound.s that t.h~·'o.~gan1zatiQ.n'8L1sbonproperty,
atter the opening or tu).tl11tles'in1939,'was used. tor war purposes"
ita assets were tromen.
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A. lerman Grgan1r.ation l'eptll't.,ed.
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On Jlme 17, 19S2, the Inepec.\Orat.eGene~l'un1lateral.4r' rendered.
thesea~.t.", but has graa_d the Allied
Commit.tee a reasonable ti..rH., to, ,r.~ue8t irlstructi0n,8. trom the g0vern- '
ments represented thereon, betor.e,. Oarl'11n.goll~, ,it.s ded.a1cmo Although
the British and 'reach d..1egate~,'cm the A..ll.1ed c.¢ttee have re
quest.eel instructions tnra their goVel"lUII1nt.s, Iha... e not done 80.
Mr. Cromwell and. I have cODcladed -that. it woulelbe inad.visable to
oppo88untrees1ng aU the assetsot this,1nI,tituU.on mer817 because
f'.)r such sehort period of ,time thqm1ght. ;haY. be_ UHd tor war
purposes. Nevert.b.~88, we' hav. deci4ed. to 'present to the Allied
CoDlD1ttee t.he proposal that., it,ths asset.s are t1nall7 ,tmtremen
and returned to the orpn1zaUoft~', par8l'lt.ee. Should be requested
that the assets will be used. exolusivel,y torcha,ltab1e purposes
in future.
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a.
decillion t.o unfreeze
, For the first t1me, t.hr.~ca:8e8 have zoeaohe4 the SpeCial Tr1bau
. tor G:el'manasset.s, tnehIgh.at:': lelal aMhorlt.7proV'lded. b7 Portugues.
. legislation tor the Uquidat.ien' of Gel'Blan' assete in Portusal., In
two of theee caeel, the Trlbanal'uphe14 the decisions taken by t,he
,Inspect.orate General, from wh1o.h t.he All.1sd Go.mID1t.t.ee had. appea.lecl•.
. In the third case, the 'l'rlbwlal grantee a period. of thirty 4qs t.o .
both partiel 1ft which to present,'evidencEll en the apPl1cab111t., Gt
pre-war German currency laws in Portugal.'
. One of tilese cases, that' of Siemens Reinlger-,. i l of partIcular
significance. 'lbe assets of Si_ns Reiniger in Portugal were
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, f.JJrnority !!"J0 812. ~ S2
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OONFIpgnAL '
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tro~nJ,th. Inspact.or~te Generaf,mtro~ ~~e~e.'asB~ts,ag'1n8t the
pro\eet of, the Allied Committee, ;h,oldinl that' the SJ.emens Reinig. .
t1rm::;irl Portqsl was actually o~~dby a SpaniSh t.1.rm and was a
PortUguese subsidiary of saidf&m· ,arid not G.ermaa., The Allie<1
co_ttee cQnt.ended \hat bOth Si~naiirms iA,F~rt~al ;.md $pai.Q
were aotually branches, of the ;S1s.lf'~ns Reiniger parent f1rm. in
Germany.. and wholly owned by said: firm. , "
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AlthoUgh the Span1:s~ braptili."W:as l1qu.idat~d5o~' time ago &$'
German assets under Spanish lawa, 'the Trlbunal,onc1ul,r 22, 1952,.
upheld. the decision tounp-eeze ,tl~eSlemens ,Rein.1&er in Pcr~U8a.J.
on 'the; grounds that thfs ,1"11*.Ill 1s ,(1. branch of ,t.he now' non-exlatent
German brSDoh 111 Spain. 'The A,U1e4 'Oemm1ttee ,hat! WormalJ.T
pointed out to the Inspectorate 'oenerd the 1m.postsib1Uty of
tW'ning back these' unfrozen &asets, to So ('zermn' brancili in Spain
which no longer e~8t8. Dr.' GonlialvesPereira1 laWyer fer the
Allied Comm1ttee, nassubm1tted' a brief on" this question to the,
Inspectorate G e n e r a . l . , ," "
StJl.lWtY.
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The foregoing is a brief deacription' of the present status o~
the llq\tidat1on of German aS8et.s;'lnPortugaJ. 1 except that it omit.s
the qu~stlon of' the looted, gold."\.:,,,
. '"
The Allied-Portuguese Accord' on the liqUidation ot German
assete, signed by negotiators on:, February. 21; "1947~' has not been
'ratified by the PortQguese Goverrunent.;and 'Uis l:Ielleved that it
will not be ratitied and given full etf'eetuntil Ii settlell1f.mt j,.s
,reached On the looted gold qu,estian. Row:ever.. ,after an exchange,
of notes, the fortuguese pttblish¢DecreeLaw
.nApr!l 21, ,
1949, settag up machinery .tor the llqulda'lon of German aseeta in
Portugal in the manner foreseen in the. Accorti,but withollt giving
the Accord f,uU torce.
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Although the All188 claim. that 'the Portvgues8 have )8.'3 tons
of ~oot&d gold.;, t.he Department'. latest. position Wa. that it is
prep&red. t-o accept. tb.aPor'UIPlese ott.Z;~li>t ,.9 tone, 1f tbePortu
gus. will agree t.o cOmplet.th~ UqllidatlOJ,!1 ot all German as_tis,
fer distribution thereat .a8 toll~el
'
1) the IiO will receive 100 mlll1Qft escwk>_ bator.' the
,,,oceed. 01 the assets are applJ.ed tor any other
pupoee;
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. ' , ' ," ... 'f
tbe Portugttese wiJl be, rei.mb.uosed 01'1t of the r$Gl8in.1ag
a,8seie for ,. <} tons of goU, bu.t. the Allies will have
no UebU1t, lor making up thef1etic1t. btbe even'
that the balance of the proceeda ctoel z»toover the
value of tile golei c1ellveJ.l'8d..
Accordina •• 1
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CONFIDENTIAL
-7
AccortU.ng·"to latest advice, the FrElnch have tentativel.y agreed
to ,the foregQing proposal" butehe British havs',ne,t. In conclueion_
Mr. Cromwell and I do not believe that there can be any tinal U
'quidation and distribution ofGerm~ ,8:8sets' in Portugal until an
agreemen.t has been reached on'j:,he gold ,que$tion, but, we feel that
once such an agreement has been reached" thtlreshould be nodilficult,l'
in the tinal liquidation and ai'stributionot' all German assete •
If'
.. <",'
The gold. question and the liquidation df German Bssets aho~ld
be discu8sed and decided aa one ',J.:ssue. "
,
It will be appreciated if. 'the enclo5ure~ are r~tUrned to Mr.
Cromwell, tor tiling.
Enclosures:
Despatches' nOB. 96" 131,'\'166:
and :3970
Stati8ti~al
, '
Survey and Arin~xe8.
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DEPARTMENT.0FSTATE
,
WASHnlGTON " ' .
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.'. August
· I: .;"
CONFIDENTIAL
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25, ,1952
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• Dea!, Kenneth,
I S~Ould like to ~ete~ tQ',our'rileeting an August 6, about
·the German assetsflnd lo'-,teti' gold.inport;o.gal. '.
In Impiemep.tatlon:·of'~the·Unders.tand1ng reached at that
meeting I informed Dr. Soutendijk..of;,the ·Netherlands Embas,sy of
the plan by. which the Tl'ipartite Gavernme,ntsVlould aqcept, ~n
their capacity. as' trustees',:the Port.uguese Qffer of 3.9 t.onsof, .
gold in .full dIseharge .of .Portugtlese:'obligatlons to restore looted
gold•. ' I elaborated a bit on the ad,dl~lonal provisions of the.,., .~
praposed arrangement as· described 'in . the. ,memorandum of eonversati:on,
which is ' in Yl?lU' han~s.
However~ l.,(!~~t;~one!1: Dr. soutend~~k' ti;i$t .
· thlsplanat the-present: wasre~o.t;nmeln4~d', ·by tQ~' Tripartite;expel~:'
to theirres-p.ectly.e gover~ents an~~otf;lnal1y~pproved and,.' t'1}a~~, ,
when speak1ngot "acceptmg t.M portuguese offer" we are not sur.,Eg '.";
whether th.is "offer"stll.I;,s'tands;.atter·1'.our years.' A.ccording' to~>!
JD1 instructionsl requested,Dl'.·Soutendl.jk to.inform hi-s Government'!
immediately of the planned:s,ctlQn::and, itpossibletolnf"orm the
.·~:I.
· Departl!1ent .in writing whetJ:lerhis Government perceives any objectiOrn!:;i.t
to the ,planned action.<I:explai:p.edt6.·:Dl'~'Sout.ehd1jkthat. th1:s<"~
· Government ,and poss'ibly-our':assoela,te.s.fca$l. WEt.had nOQ~ltgl!tion ',;
to'c9~S\lll·t tlle v;arl()1J.S g6~d';"ela<l;maritcount,rles 'beforere'~cnlng
agreementsw.1th third:;;,co:untries and ,:n!=lver' did so. in the P:8:st. ·l?~t~. I'
Under .the'pa1t1culare:f:reum:gtanees .1:n,the,case ofPortugs:I;;we W~~I;
,be very happy if wee.ould·obtaina tt noobjectlon" statement·fro$··,
his Government .beforegoingahead., It h-'-sGovernment would objel.¢t
to the proposed plan the Trlpartit~ 'Gove:mmentsmight have to'
' I.
consider discontinuation of· their, negotiations with portugal.
Dr. S,outendijkand Mr'. Grooters 'expressedthe:1r appree1a~1.on·
·for being so f"ul:l,.y informed" and said . th!it:they elea'rly und~rs~ood'
the issue.' Dr.Soutendljltprtbmisedtolinmedlately inform· his
. Government and ask for:· a ,speedy ~pl." •. ',' .
':, .
' . A:lthough I did not::. ,have 'then.,y~ur· letter. of _ustla .mald,ng
,
reservations regarding whe.~her arnot an obligation exists, to •. ;' .
'consult the Dutch, I ·,think my presentation in 1:his re,spect .to Dr. •
. Sontendijk.,- as describedab.~ve, takes care of this point. '1 am :
simultaneiouslyinform1ng'.1I4r. Ruffin of the FrenchEm~assy.
Sincerely yours"
:!
~.
, (S gd.)
OTTO FLETCHER
.' Special Assistant
: Monetary Affairs Staff
.
Second· Secretary, '
British Emba$sy,
Washington D.C.
Mr.
K~Dt·Jam1eson,
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DY...l!LNARA Oate1U3~
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F<Hm ·US-4
5 -10-45
American Embassy - Lisbon
SUBJECT: Accord on Gennan externa:i' assets
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INFORMATION OF THE DEPART
MENT'S REPRESENTATIVES
r\J~Ri.Au.!d)W'PF
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and, 100 ed
THE FOREIGN
APPROPRIATE REPLY TO THE
INDIVIDUAL
TRANSMISSION. TO THE.FORr
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StlllMISSI,OI1 OF, ~" REPORT
THE DEP.ARrNEN't':' REFER TO
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~Nu,~~ t I.QN.J)F, THEREPRE·
SENTATIVE OF THE FOLLOWING
u, S. AGENCY;
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NOV 101952
AnDITIONAL REMARKS:.
old.
OFfICE"
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Wit.b (·tereteXlce to your teles;ra.m 11151 'of '
2 on the same
dated November
4
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WHEN A REPLY TO THE DEPARTYEI'IT IS INDICATED PLEASE'REFER,
TO THE FILE NUMBER AND THE DRAFTING OFFICE.
FILE No.
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DIVISION
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�THE ALLIED COMITTEE, fOR GERMAN
EXTERNAL ASSETS IN PORTUGAL
~,ll S BON,"
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COMMISSION ALLlEE POUR lES BIENS
ALLEMANDS AU PORTUGAL
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AV. ALVARES CABRAL,' 28., 4.(), O. '
TEL:,'e 5189
SEC RE
November 26, 1952
lIS80NNE
'Rets
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reliable ,so1.U.'ce,the Germans
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to dls·cuss the
question,ot German, as,setsw! th t'~~ p~rtuguese aove:rnm~nt.
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TheGermanrepresente't1~~stoOk thepos1tlon tha~ t1.guidatlon
1)
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,Sould n ot ·take place and that, all blocked assets in portu~al sh()u1d
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As regards the sums blocked in, the name" of the tour shipping
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companies, a delegatIon representing these companies has arriv,ad from
"Germany to 'discuss this·
matter~:~ith the p~rt'~guese
.
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Ministry otFlnance:
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the Germans simply dem(:lnd that,...the, blocked 'fUnds be handed back to the
,
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German companies.
,
It appears that this' delega't1onw111 be' seeing Mr'. Lumbl'ales on
.
this subject.
,
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It 1s also said-that the German Minister supports the
posItion taken by the representatives ot th~ s~lpping oompanies.
0,
,It ispl"obable that suonapproaches would be welc,omed by the
Portuguese authorities.'
If~ thedlermans were sueeesstul 1:.t terminating
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the liquidation', It would e11iniri8:te the ,problems with which the
portuguese are faced in the 11quldati.on of (Jerman assets ..
,1.,.-,
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,
saryto cover' the countervelue of the gold and im,plement1Jle' Accord of
1947./.
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American Embassy,
LISBON
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Memorandum ofConvers~'ti6n
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S. ,GOVERNfI'IEHT PRINTING OFFICE;
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P.fI to the add_ NqUGst regarillltt the, cU.8pOIt1tloD. of'the' 1$14
we hope to
reoetye . from Portupl., I pnrde. Dr. Sout.emU.jk, t.o ~ brlng the request of ld..
~nt to ~e 'atttmt1en of the
o\ber
~st4d officers ill' the~'
as well as the l"apre8llUt.atJ.veB' of the 1'.ir1t1sta Ud F!'enah' GwreJ"llllltata, _
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seems i!'?,iJaaalateat 14'h 'the Wl"f. principles
upOD
'llbicb "M whQle l.oot.e4 gold ~1mt1oa reat,8."
I 1mmed1a.t.aq DoW1_ Hr. 'MarOAll of
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N° ..···..·..·:gp'rD INFO LONDON 3796P~cillIS, 3206
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T:l!iBTELS 200; 206, 208,,' 209~:,' , '
British' Embassy informed US Decemb~r 1, Portuguese, Ambassador
London approached Foreign 'Off,icestating, Gerinans l}OW wish discuss, '
Gerrn8.11"extei'nal assets in coi:niection 'nithrelE:.ted iJr'ovisions of
, ,cO!itractualsalso implied: 19$ offer regar;.1:Lng gol;.1 still open.
(Counselor Portuguese E~nbassy here also asked question regarding
0'Jr interpretation paragraph 3, 8,rticle. 4, ,chapter 6 settlement
convention..)' (contractue-Is) ) - . , '
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, View these developme~ts, Del){j,·'t.ment :recqrawendedto British .and '
French here tpat,- instead of p:r'otEjstingEourra'-Siemans incidents
when calling in' Portuguese Am1;l,~~~,a~o:r:.s .tlf~~e capit,als, Ambassadors
should be informed Allies ready'acceptPortugUG138 1948 gold offer
and advised mOIst de;;;irable reacf},early settlement 'which will, avoid
repetition Mourra-Siemans type,:inddents. 'Stiggestf,3d British and
i~renchcall inPortuglieseAbbassad6:r, Was):-:dngton, London and Paris
,by-end this week., B:r:itish undl"J.'ench Foreign Offices have approved
,recomme11clation and Portugue Ambassag6ri;~as advised today we are
now prepared, accept' PortllgLi.ese :gold' offer ~:of 1943 vlithout ,practical
'e,ffect:'
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Por,tuguese GO'V'ernme'nt would turn:",overtq, Al,Hes, 3,.9 t011S
gold;
, (2) 'Portuguese G()v~rnmeritV'lould reimoLU'se i:tselffromproceeds
liquidation German, assets in Portugal; ,I' ";',
{.3)', A.!.)propriate ,amendments ,would be madearticte 51947 accord;
"(4)1947 accord, as amend¢d,;YiOil14·ti;.en'~nterinto' force,; and
" limlidatioll would oroceed' as 'w~.n:)as·clis·Gribut~on" of assets per a~ticle' '
, 5' ~f accord; "
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On receipt 3~9 tons gol,d'~llies' wiilconsider question looted
'go Id ,clo sed.
, ($)
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, CONFIDll:NTIAL
C lAS S I'F I CA nON
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'If Portugu~se 'inquirewhe'th~f}'w~' :~vil:J.'Eive them complete waiver,
including rights 'other claiman~s,:;you may state only that thX~e
governments will consider gold ~:gil~8'tiori ',cidsed.
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British and l"rf3nch'taking parallel action London and Paris
tod~y. '
Embassy LiGbonis authorizedjoin witl~ .British and French
',. Embassys Lisbon in presenting' soonest joint,:or' parallel notesalpng
lineEt above agreed statement being ,made to,?ortugueseA.mbassadors
in Washington, London, and Paris.
• Nether landsEmb~ssy today informed Dep2rtment',9f concurrence
, Dutch Government in our, c1ecisionthis matter'., . '
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Washington should be postponed 'pending resultsfor'egoing action as
visll further discussions with Br'ft'1sh a:rid>F;i~8'nch regarding detaIls
of impending ,talks on German assets scheduled Washington January 6.
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Memorandum of Cotiversai;on'
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SUBJECT:
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MEl'1iORANDUM
To:
Mr. Zumbiehl .
from.:
Mr.. Wharton .
Suhjeot:
Portugal til Gennan Assets. and Lotted Gold :Problem
,
December 11, 1952
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Referring to our oonversa.tion .of yesterdaY',. I wish to subm1t
to you the following points tor your cOBaiderationin the drafting
of proposals for the settleme.nt ot:gold anda.sse~8·.questions:
theaerm.an
1) A decision should be 'rendei-ed on
,shipping
companies in favor ot the'· ~11ie8 ,for the. 187.5 million·
escudos are needed for the basis ot' any settlement;
2) The Aocord of 1947 8houidb~;
full force and effect;
pls.ce4' ~diate17
in
.
3) A time should be specified,' i1' possible, for the
settlement ot German Assets under Decree-Law 37:377
ofA.pril 21, 1949, and towards this.end" it 1&
suggested that the Portuguese might consider the feasibility
of ~ small informal cOmmittge of Portuguese and Allied
representatives here familiar with the question, who
could in1tlallTacreen assets8nd.pending claims with a
view to immediate liquidation.
In the. discussions" the attsatiol'l of the Portuguese ndght be
called to the' gradual lOilses a.nd dissipation of.Germiln asset.s and
the necessity of stricter adh~renc,:i, not only to t,he. letter but
spirit of the Accord, if sufficient f'undaare·:tobe realized for
any .settlement· and tinal distribution.
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'Pm Honorable
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01" state
I h:wo the bonor totianSl:lit, .for the in1"ormatloil of
the Departoent. a copr 01" tbe note I rooeived from Foreign
!:~1nister Schuman, ana a traG translation, thereof. r41ich
was sU:!lr.Ulr1zed in m:y taleg.ra:.l No. 820 of·FebrU;;;1l."1 28,104£1
(rCilpeated to L1sbo:,'l BS 1-10.'5).
'
The Eranoh proposal ~ppearad to h~ve diSregarded 'tba
ot the united St&tas repraoent~tlvas.
at the Su1'abaven l:leetlnss in Puris durin3 .. ~prll ,and Lay
1940, to the ,etfeot 'tl:liitthe Untted Stt\'t(;)s:,\~S DOt prepared
to talre tho 1niU:.ltiva or to, bring proscure to bear op.
the 1'0:ctusuese Qovernaont 'b~:meBns 01" tl::.roats, or !ro.plted
,threats, of'aotion in~re:tated o~;zemota11 related :!'1elds.
Conse~uent11 Q ::lOl!l.ber of U1 staff' callod on 1.:1'. de lionatieu.
of the. li'oreign effio,;, to bring,tUs .point ,to his attention
and ,:;ellOl'elly 'to diseusB the ll'.ranoh attitude with raDpeot
to the settlm.lent of the,l"ortll6uese gold proble.
,
ra~utod stat~nts
1'..r. de Panatieli ,recalled the ...\Ul.er1~aD position exoressed
last SprillB and hustenod to ex:plain tb4t it was not the
''
b~enoh intontion to su~ast t~t the united dtateo Should
bringpreseure,toboar in any ~;,'Sy* but rather't.bat our
Govarnm.ent shOuld !l$sume an objeotive attitude toward the'
question, aet1n(3 (.IS a jniso at.tec.pt1n8 to reach a friendly
settlement' bet'iilQOn tVIO l1t.i,g,unt& ~ rla po1n.!,ed ont that
the United Stutes Villain the 'best, pos1tlo:n to dQ this.
pasine hIs ursul11ont'on thef'o}loY/1n8 reasons. ' In the,
first p~6e we have been' involved in tholnatter sinoethe
be~inninaond thQrcto~o lire thorou~y tSr.111.iur w1th tho
ar~ur.lents on both sides. In the Geoond plaoe, VlG a1'e not
benetioiurios ot the GQld fool. 00 havo no~ to saiD.
FinallY the ::lOral intlllenoe otthc, Unit~d states '.vould
Ili va till ,conoerned the assurance that ,tho ;Propoeell settle..
'mant 10 as equitable as poes:1.ble under tll.EI,oircu.::wtanoas.
:':oraover, he addGd~ suoh aotiop on o~ ,part, iwuld not. be
Without· .9l'eoedent. as Yle a6op'j;.ad,'", si1:l11a"uttitude at the!
~nu.bian Conference lust .~tb""tll?t. ';" '"
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dan~une
question
,o~ 1~1t.
V'Ou.la1t que nailS ODtaniOU
,J
·
_t1,·
"'~
,_
J7acti()l1~
11 ap )aratt dans o.ad c~jl.:l1,til)n8 que,
.
,
posi.1on Jur1dlmlc at ;'.jOl'al.e '4es
},)0tu'
tr:lls
llals;,;all~.8j 16)
:".;
tnent des
:~tats ...TJnls
C',oiAYerne
, '
:.;ourra1 t Ilt11ement, en
\
S8U"l93Q;t4er 1a
~.' ~
,,:~.
",
ra1~on
do son ctJdienee
,
Ilu.pr~$ ties autol'i t6s iQrtu,~;aj,:sea, lnte.r'Ven1r aupJ!le' de oe.llee
.
.
01 .Dour . leur ded.8Jlder de laettre' 1e
· sutt l' or par 1.
vorse!:'.tlDt
· 08 ~'~e.te !ler.m.ttl'a~ t,
fill
bOIUl8, de .(J18intenll' en
san,
.'"
,
""
:?~1nt
fintll. aux. disoussions
oo~tre-PQrtle
de 5
1JODlUiB
4.' or
pl"ix' 4. t l.Ul ,. sacrifioe l!l.1n1111e ,;lour Lis
.IllaUle
tenrps que 1e prest1ae des Ptlisaa.Q.cds
n'.:;oolatrlees, le prin.cipe' dtl re8j;>eot desengagelile.o:ts in:te:L'
natlonallX.
}~otre pOSli tion
sur .18:,p1a4
1:1.01"81
ttmt vis-l-vis des
puissancesspol1&eal,)ou,r le compte· tluQuel nOU8 aVOlla
de
aoofJ»t4
b'gooier qu."A 1 tl~al·ddG.~i";8\le,d01s 'at jes 2ortll,,:aia eux...
.i1em,eserai t
ai. '18i 1l..11eJ1"lont 's4llVegardee 0
,'.'
.
41
.
, .
,,',
,
.
�RG-I4
Entry -::!---~-,-,-,
File, , ~~:;j-r~/?HY1 "
Box' "~
'
-';/':3 ...
'.
Je
SOl'ai.$· 1'10:'10
.I)ar\1oullir,ement, p.o~nna1ssant 1
Votl:e .·'~o,el1enoa 406, bi9J1 't'ot.u.oir, 1;.ranSJI;et1Jr& JJsreorra.al. .
ment.oette
e1. e'11
::lrO;,lOS! tlon l.9011 GOl1'\Tern€il'lcut
6,-1 rt~)~l'O\1Ve
ten8tl~ •.
. '
la,
(tn ,r18.llt
".1.1...
de tdre pal'1lenir 'A son
RG\~r' ..entnnt .' Lls1JoDlle le~,in~'JtrndtiDna ,n'ee_Ll'&$ pour
r;u.e 1a. <lhluohe hl41 Jf) att.;g!re 8011; elltrepr1$$. / •
'leuillez agNar. ::o11818wr l·Al;.:,~)as.ad.1!r. les aB01D'8I\OGS
<
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"
"
'1
.
"
. ".'
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,
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SOlitDWf
�DECLASSIFIED
ftJJ ~:itr
0 1Z ~
.
::!!!. a S":L
.
Dy·IA
~N
ARAOale~
.G/Ga·
:.Ws~,
. F~rJ.;i;:m .,~"BLtlJ
0$
,,1?&.r1s, lrcbrU!l111&, 1~49.
ConforlllinG ,to, the jJeolarot1~n '~1' the Ulii,tt;1d Nations of
.Tanuary :5, 1943 Rnd to tlle ':rll'eio'ton ,.'cods .itg,rtii,aiiian tiS, 'the
•
~ <
•
I
•
'
'iJnited dtatelf 7 dJr(lat :!Jt.i.taifl !In:dFr~uoe'hQVG; n~o1l1Qtetl and
.
.
sieaed
,~~J:eem.snts
.
"
with Sw1 t~el'land and
:';;'*,QII. wi th
i'espeO'ti to
the restitution' o:4onet~ygoldlooted by tho- Germans 4ur~
..
.
" ,
.
'.
.' .
tha War.
Tl'J.e5w1es Oo~erllll1eJit hes :CuUiUGlcl ·lta e.naQ3"llleRU,.,
'but SQ4en on the other hand r.!ft~ee t.otu:t'll over kI tkeao14
Fooi at dru6atl$ the 8.l.~ount of preCiOUS l/li!lt81whtch .1.t ;ree
oe!ved fro;,; thelteioh•• Furthe~mol'e/l ~he nl1:es ha'fe aonoble"
:1.
an
:~8r5elient
~l'JllaQ
lttth "!'ort.U(lal on .the l1qw.dat1on of
ease'G$
s1tl;lo.t~d in that o~)Ilntry and have agreed to silbordlnete its
implel)lontation t.G '"he Bstt18lllent of. the.
~old
problem.,. Th."
}3ank of .:;>ortu8al hold, in etfect430829 kl;t!)S:r,aJIflleS of fine.
'i~old, th~ f~ar\dul.ent or3.gill Ofi.,hioh a lne;otA~Y:"ill8.Q"t, the
. '
,
'.
"
'
on \lUI' subjeot at Lisbon, tlleA-U1ed apil'it'of 'oonc111a1iioJ)
,. .'
.
.
.
has iilo\Sssan1i17
111st
.
'
."
witb lacl( o:t!Qooperation
,0.0.
the Part ot
tbh' i.o.1iljrlo"lI.t~rs •
./e have finally
pr~poaed 'that
the Portll<$l1ese reeUtute
I
!
15 tons of':.;.olcl CQllu.ne;· trom pillaged .lia:?:!. sources;' but ~is~
baa 111.1<1ted 1 ts otter to is. 9 tOllS t the oouiltel'part fit whhh
would 'be levied on tf\e prooe$dsot the·l1qu1dation
o.t.aermaD
,I
assete.
I
I
lib 'Rxeell/iln($
,I
Tile IHO::iOr...iHlLE ;n:?""':TWml C.WF1:RY
.AlJI.bassador
ot tIle United staiii a ~t ~l'ca
•\II
'.
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....
~
In th": face ot· tin.i$ neaatige at\itGcle,t~c Frenoh ~ve1'.t.t:'"
:lllsnt bas,
tit.
the reql.tea't. of tkfl DeJidr\ment
ot
stata" aa:ea6,.
to deliver· a noto to $h!J' .t>or"gu,eoe 'Gafar~n'i IJta'~ 'Chat.
raUine n:rM.oaableoi'tel", on· tho ,Part' tit the ~6~tol'l\ae ;tl,l1es
..
,
"
have «eelded to lea.e it u» ·to the interested
GOve~Qm$ntB
to
(leal' CUMQtlJ' (w1.:th tbe p~t~uea& G<lver~~lon the q~.t1~
of the iroet1tutlQ,ll,ot \$014.
'I.'Grtd,nation of ttt. 'U80u.l,B1~np b1 ~ hqs\e$ Pow., weuld
not tall to 1'0~llt.1'ICeJ 'th...1.ntl'eu1~nQe. or L1aboo,., WOtlld Pl1l'tl
.
',.,1
"
oularly wealtell tbe trenoh pOll1 tiM, d.irec1ilJ 1ntaHstlil 18 the
solti\1Q
ot
t:a~I5'
m.at.t4no u.d \vo1.t14
fllol1UIJ of lle:.1,Jl(! hen
,
'~1ve
.~nd{,)ne4 . in
"
the s/IIaU l'OftU tJl.f
a quesUon.
.'
,~rei eq,\lU1 1'e
- .
quireB us to ("bt8ttnlMtietf:l~'Uon •. It .·..Jollldap~)ea:l: U!ldetl t1.t1tlJ8
o;)nditlons that, to Stlreguu(l· t11e jutlaJ.U.lti'nd lllol'lll poebbll
'of' tl1,e
if
, Ii
l!
fI~e• .l!OIfSrS, the .Government·~:r :t>he Un1t~ state. c~u1d
'ueefuU.,.
(CIID
raison de
awU.ari.oe,' a.u!>:I:~fII\le$·llU.t.,rlt48 P01.efiu.
SQil
!~e1ses) s:Plll'oacb tne lett8T'to request theJll. i"1.rmlJ..y . to _ttlt
,.
, J
~, l
the d1seuss1ons 011 ,301d bYl'eltlas1~t1vEl tODa'at Gold wUhOQ~
,oQUnte~al't.
This $Qsture \'ioul4 pcn'.ill.it th.,ne~otiat1ll.s :k>ow'rs,
to r.lul;lt..i!a tileir prest'1fj8,Ol1Cl Itt the 8aII19 t1110 'Gr.G prinolpl.
I:
of 'l'c&J)Got1ng 1nterMtionaJ. ell(S3;5e.tl1ents# iIt' the ~os: Of \r1dal
'r
sacrit10e Qn the part ott.isboll,.'
Thus
&~rrJDr~
positlQu.,vould ,be
~rotoo~ed.
Dot only vis-a.
"
v1s thespoillated
~'O''ie1'S'. 1'o1'w110111
we
.Uave1'1:lt:S~!#e4
to nee;ot1at.,
/
but a1:5o with rll'l:~ard 100 tile o,d,lIIl1 end 1)l.)l't~ue8e 1iil.amsebes.
Conlle~ uent1y, I ··wolild . be part16u;J.al"lY':i5l'a:t.1~ul . if: YOIolr
.
"
l!:xcelle noY,iould k11Vlly: }ereonal1y. '1trans,1Ii t'tilh irojloaal to
his. GOl'erm:lent, rO:tuBstin.:r;thlil ~attGrI.tl~nin, aJ;reement,
'to;tt.
'to have t\lO. necessary instructions Issued
in Lisbon
J.n order tha1i the
. Pi(/l6\seaooe·~t~
. hipollt..
d~lilar()llQ
rr ..iQ~:'>8ador ~
~.ai4.l'5 t10~.
Repxes8Dtat.1ve
whiohI.have
3~9stEUi.
the .a~~iarallQet of Dr. v"l'7
.
/s/ SOnm.wl
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�RG ..
84,
.
Entry '·,3131:
.
File '!-2/. 3 ScH~h()'Ht1
~e.r" I . JI1H
Box
~
DECLASSIFIED
,f
k;~rit-; .!,J"JD S ~ S2
12.
Dy
-lfL NARA OateJt ,. 3 -
'r
I,
. fi
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Ambiissador :Mao:Ve'agh
..... ;
.' Atta~he He:hley"
From:
'.
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. .... ...... '
, "'~''''-'':'
t
'.
.
'.
French Note suggesting U.S~"'s:pproaoh to
Portuguese, Govermnent on ttlooted~ gold
q«e~1':o~"~fPar.1s Despatoh) ... · . '.
Subjeot: .
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1I~"!V,.;. ..~,*t'I!I",,,,¥,",,,'j~~~~iCW,.j.4+'11D·IO,IE!;
In, the event you oonsid;;'send1iig any 'oomment' to the
'.
•
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Department on .the subj~~t m~ntion.:ed above you may wish to
!""
,\,::r"T'i:~);t; ",(11,; 1; ~~~r,;:?4:-fi!/;' '-:' ,,,,,
.
/
inclucie,.a suggestion for sol17in'g .the impasse whioh has been
"'.',1: ~ ·{~~rr.'1.'r.• t/
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'~ '~r;;~:l,,~,,\·~;;:,:;:;:~
,;r
.If the Utpa rtmerlt., :r(Wil!;:1'clD:'"'I Cbell"e<:Ve .'lis:~th6' }only ":~ UQ:v,p
,:u ?,~ ".:.:,
'";"~'
0"'''''''''','';
.': ,. '.
....
still ,holding out) "i~ 'willing "t6~f;r~et'the ';Treas~ry
.
.
.
~
(or Morgenthauts) theory that. tl\~'victorious Allies should
, . ~r,,\
';::'~" ';>
'\,~e:~.}.
'tt
act as judge and jury.
I;;·l!;<'l;:~:,.~~~ "'.':: ": f;"
'~I~" ~{~"h'~~1"t
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.
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.
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~,n all matt~~~' pert;'1ning tob~th'
,.,.:".·"t:.,~.':1.'.1.·4'," "'" ('t-,.,:),..... ':,~.
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German"r,~parations. and'Gennan,extertlal assets regardless of
~.
Y"':,;J<i{i11'
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,5C)
" ,"t:::(,,~~
.,,," ~~~ ·~~~~1::i,\:;·,~*;.'" ~.~$ ':,)f
wi:tf:jthel",,;the other party was an el:l,eJp.Y or neutral, then the
.
P"\~::{:~, l:(~~~" <~'.h
. " , ."
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suggf!lEfti?n set forth in the atta'~hed note addressed. to
'."~
~':'f':''': ,;~;~~,'~~j.~.
.,
'.~
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·~~~~:,·,.·;1",; ':'L'l~~ '~'~:.
~s
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Mr. Patt,en ~ight be. adapted wit.hm~nor ohanges', to solve,
:'-':,": ~:' h,::;"" '~ . ;, ~ ~·,ti":·'!
:~ ~:; '~;Ii(: ~. t~~t(~~'~',~1c":·:'~:;ii:7
"
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"
:,~, '.;~; )\1 ','i; {~
the, "looted" gold problem which'. we' have with the Portuguese
:jtr;~:
t,~~/
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'j~,:~t.:'~~~:: i:'~, (':; ,\~
~:l
Govermnent •
.t·~!:;':·.
;~,~;
:~.;"': '··'i.;~·f'"~,,,·;i <i':'~~
,:]'"
.:.::
,;. ~ ~.:r,/;,
...... .
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..... ;,.
d'
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,If ,the original .theory eXP9~d~d ;byth~""Tre,~~~ry; -"that
7'".!\i',,".:.;,....
-,
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-
.......
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:
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;... ":.~.::,,.
"~
~:.\\.;it;:,
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,r.§;f.:a.;... ~l~,!;·;:~i:;
"II"'"
.
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neutralS sho.uld bEl require,c:1 to p·ay.a premium for·tl1e
.
·~$c"";: ;:,>.:,t'.~, ...•
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,bY" ~ta·'.~t;;~·!(l,}, ,;
'~":'~}.. t'l
flL~·l :~:p~~'t;£~;'"
:~:n ~':rY~
':';'~~:l
. "
~;;';J.~!'~
b~ll,6~i,tsthey derived during ,the war" then the "looted"
~:"~:'~i;}::,\~:'f': ~;:
,~;,~~, ~.~
;:>~;. :.-·,t~~
::'~';'
J:'~
'~" :'".~;
'.r'·~':'~i$:£Uf~~'~~
g~"d p,r()blem .shou~A;RES r~fe,rre,~, w~~hou~delay' to the
,~...;~
.T'~.\., f.,.l', :.~. :~ '~,
,i.
't
.:)~\
;::,d,;)·,;:;·~·)~~~! "Ji~.i.~lt
jA-'P,A~GoldCommittee at Brussels as we ,threaten t'o do in .
:(::f·:~;~ \\:'L,.!~~·~~~i:·,~'\(* ;"\(~'},;,i
~:..)~~ ~:{l~~~/ ~J\r
~':Y' \!;'i~"h" ,t.~,;~~:
"
the joint note ~elivered to t~e Portuguese Government,
i'
';,~
: ...
.}'l,t-.... :': ,\,: ~: ,,'
FebruarY 16, 1949.. .
~t: 1~' 'i{'"
:\ ~~ ~L ::~ '{ ~:~~:~ 'J, -t: :..~ ,~) ;:: :'' ':If
(j .':".:
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> T';~"~l J,'; 'i(:
~,. ~,>,\.,'
have sDoken to Mr. Patten, :s'ince hariding him the
I. F ::.~'
,
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';>i:1
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c{;; 'c '~~l~~'~~ ~ ~'0.'
~ttaoli,~~:I,lC?te and he informed
::·'~·l:1~;·r: ~~?,:;'5 't;:;";'~l'>~ ;.~..:; ~ ,:'''':',
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me;: that
~~. '1~ .1J.~,,"
the' subject might
"l'+ic>F' ~\ . ·:~::t~l'l ~",~.' ~~
.:}, tl
be. alsQ\1sse,d in more detail .withlitir. Blowers, Direotor of
,: ; l,t
'::, ·i;~.I::;j:;
,;}"1'1'a~):,
th~, T~d~1"Pa~nts
0l,~:;tt~,~ ~ic~ "~ . ~:l (:'h!<~:~;; ~~.~>
"!1~i...
in
';: •
1:.:::,; ." r~L~";\;~~ l;·r~~· d·;\: "i~\'~~,JI::,,) f~~';~;'/
.
i, titj:' ,t:.::'>
Plvision of. OSR, Part's who plans to
~:, t, '\';~'~'.\-,,; :;~ ;:', 6 (~~ ,~,.~":' ~'l,:"
:,w~, <~"J' dt:
':"
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~.bO~d~ri~g the ,,"9k.n~ or~rch 25~'r
"
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�, DECLASSIFIED
MJlJrority!.J,JD n2.~S2
0)' ~'NARA oale:zui:
.;.
.
,
,
',,'~#uga~whioh i!'Reil'!,g ~?t,!I,~~sed ~Y the U.S. ,Frenoh and
,>Bri:tis~~
.
you wil i',r",o.all",th~'\; ':~9.~i~g{~!l::geE!;t11:a.9~Cl!!lpHshed
•
•
::1,:.1
;:";;';'~i"~',":,i
'~:':: ~ l.')< 1;EI::": ,)
,1"-:;'1.:::
, in 'over' one 'year ',' ,," ;,
,The Allies claim the Portuguese hold 45 million in '!ooted"
,gold~'l1 3l~~ ~();~.l:!~!1;se .,c)'~'1;~~~;Y:rl~~et,~o,f %~~,@l\?l,d.;r,eo.lIJ ved
~i\\~9l!I~mco.~ 1l.~;il;Jg1;~~, \,w,4x n~!! ~i~!!:lC!B;~1t '!ieo,d;;,~~it.h..~~:,pa~ent
,
.
.'
.
if',I?;:.ug~04B 'lq~}~'!i~~~~. .~~,~()r.1;~gue,!!e t~.~1~"t~:h,i;h~Y;,ag.f?~,~9.1d ,
,~
'
:3~Jbt.Q.~s of e;old wl:doh ,is so marked that' they should have
,; .
que!lt:l.()~4»it,~enl:G;!I~1(~~y, 4el~ YE!r,ed it. :\;0" tl}~~ ,.~E!;Portuguese
' .
.
•
't"
.
;}>.ff'E!r\\to',ig~~~(tl:le 3,.,9'rt9.n,S,.(~0 ~;the.(~tlies.•,t" :Eio~17er,. the'
;All~es ,:w:l.ll"ll:ot.,.'a~oelilt::;th.i~ ,:l~,.of~E!r,."i,;'.
'~
-,7"
{.,~
:,', '.;~
.""I.. sugijel!;t,:t~a,ti~e..n'.!!lV'.~J".I!ll1.I! ~sset.~ l~~,:,rO,l)tuge,l
are
~,> ,~\yA, Illi'll:t1dat~g,thl\t. ;1fue ,~LEI!~Ud~!I~owr.,,"t;h~ ~?o~t'l.,~q:~red
". (\
~t.
~"'o\m.eet :q.~dk,sums;,;se~ f:o"r,t1i!l,i~nao"()ol'd.",be ..ull
",E!,4
,"t;~~B.!!!q~t "o~, gQl.dJ~Pctrtugs.l"WQul~
,give ,·to
to..~9,ete~
,the,,~JJ,es~-provided
•,tlJa1;".1;~e!\U! §! :pro,tn18&,8. ,tCl ;,all,,,,-w: B,o JSI;,1;1g~l rt()"~bw,the:'l!tlIIIe'
~1IlI!0u:r;'I; i~f,un~~n'\;ell~,gQ.+~
fr,'J.IIl\,tI;l.'\'
u: ,s...
pIl,YII\enti~ill,)1l8,c,\!cioB.•
,,:,:;t:J:le1':l. the U.S. Treasury sell the l!lsoudos to ECA
and EC"Ai;'\l.!e ,,1;h'l
'.l(O.:;f~~,~nl!",::.
''',' ':l,
'~,!l.qu4o,~ <)1;0,. q~lI,~it9)F;qcu.4oo:r,e4~ts
\>~~.~ (,.~1(~
",-.::':.{.;,
:;!4~i 'A;~"_~";':
;':i:!,\;: +,"\f.)
~::..~i
'f~t:.dollar!l
,.:l.ll:;.severe,l ,
~',
.....
,;tl! ~i~~ 2~Y:i,:1~ ,;,addi 1;~on <l~'~I!E!'!;:t;1¥1g"'~Il:~1.4 ql,le,~t10l:\'"
i,IlI.:;ee r,tEi i~/.e.ro,ount,pot: ,:n~ ,go1,4 "wo,ll,ld,,,be:,:pumP.e~ into!;,Eu,l'.opean
~, ~"
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HAI Documents (delivered late Nov.)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
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956181-hai-documents-delivered-late-nov
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/9659b63be921fd0f9c00736b2d52ee91.pdf
4c8d7c166f5eeff5e5ea28338c986448
PDF Text
Text
THURS.
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�STATUS OF WAR CLAIMS FUND - 1954
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A.-War clai1fl.8 fund analysi8, Dec. 31, 1954
Total deposits to the war claims fund - _- _-: ___ ~ ____ . ___ . ____ - _- $.225, 000, 000
EXHIBIT
Withdrawals:
PaYBlEb~!_~I~~I~l_S~ ___________ ~ ____ __ __ _____ ___ __
__ _
20, 196, 642
F.cSC________________________________ ~_:.______ 179,000,000
Administrative expenses:
"
B.h:C__________________________________________ ·
525,895
FCSC____________ .:. ________
4.404,317
GAO certificate of settlement-'______ ~ ____ _________ __ _
70
~___________________
Rcdeposit~
TotaL _.. _________________________________ • ___ ___
to the warclaims.fund (credit)_____________________
Total withdrawals, Dec. 31,1954_______________________
204, 126,924
4,,022
----
204,122,902
=====
E"timated funds required through June 30, lU55:
Payment of__ .. l a i m.,.s : . . ___ :- ___________________ _
.
BEe. _. c ________ _______ _
FCSC_~ __________________ ~----.,.-.----------------Tottil. ___________________ _______________________
1,100,000'
4,003,152
5, 103, 152
Withdrawals, JUlie 30, 1955____________________________209, 226, 054
8,000,000
Contingent liu.bility, BEC. __________________________________
Bu.Jallce available, June 30,1955 _________________ ... ______
7; 773,946
Repayment of loans, Department of State _____ ... __ .. ____________
.
Et)timutcd fiscal year 1956 withdrawals:
Payment of claims, BEC ________________ ~_. ~ ______ . ___ __
Administrative expenses:
____________________ .. ____________ , ___________ ..
FCSC_________________ ., ___________________________
90,000
Bft~t:
Total ____._______ .. ____________ .,; _.. _.... __________ .. __
1,500,000
100, 000
350,' 000
-----2,040,000
Balance, June 30, 1956__ . ;. ________________________ _======== .
5, 733, 946
"Amendments to Trading with the Enemy' Act" 85 th Cong ., 2 nd Sess., H" House of .
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epresentatlves, Subcolrumtteeofthe Committee on Interstate and ForeI'g C' .
March 1958, pp.I3-14.
n ommerce,
�STATUS OF WAR CLAIMS FUND - 1956
B.- War claims fund a1l.alY8i8 as
Dec. 31, 1956
Total deposits to the war claims fund- __ .. _______ "" __ __ __ _ _ _ _ $225, 000, OQO. 00
EXHIBIT
0/
.
, Withdrawal~:
Payment of claims:
llEC____________ ., _________ • ______ ... _____________
23,410,954.18
}i'CSC__________________________________________ 1178,000,000.00
Administrative expense~:
____________________________________ _____ _
711,223.52
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.
4, 92~, o~m. U1
Repayment of 10aJl~, State Department _______________ _
50, 550. 08
nEC future pnylllellts____ __________________________ _
17,500,000.00
GAO certificate oftiettlemenL ____________ • _____ .. ____ _
69. 50
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TotnL ___________ ._____________________________ .:. __
Redeposits to thefuud (credit) _____________ ----------.-~---
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224,600,827.19'
6,729.28
Total withdrawals __________________________ .. _____ _ 224,594, OB7. 91
Dahmce Dec. 31, 1956__________ ~ __________________ _
An ticipated trall~nt'tioIlS:
,
Transfer from Utlicc of Alien Property _________ -: ___._ __
405,902.09
+5, 000, 000. 00
-------.1
AdmiHistruti\,t~ eX)Jcn~e~,
FC8C, !U58 fi~cal ycuL_. ______ ·
Tralltifer to puyuHmt of claim::!, .FCSC, IU58 ti::;cal year.. _ _
. TotaL _______
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Balance _____' ______________ .: _____________________ _
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. ~W5, 000. 00
5, 104,417. 73
5, 30U, 4 J 7, 73
3U,-lS4.36
I $178,000,000 has bllCIl tl'I4J1!1;fi'rl'cd from tht: war dalllls fund to Lhe "Paymcnt of clalllls" accoullt. . As
of D('c. 31, 1956, Ulf'rl~ Willi .1 halallcc In t hIs n('~!uUIII 'of $5,64H,t;li3.70. SIIlCt' It Is allticillal.(~d that $111.753,
281.4J wUl he n~tulrcd tor tlll pllymcnt of ChUnilS IJeI.WI..'tI11 Jan. 1, lY57 and June 30, HISM, an a(\(llIlonlil
transfer of $5,104,411.73 \\'111 tJc 1'(lquircd.
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March 1958~ pp.13-14.
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�STATUS OF WAR CLAIMS FUND _ 1958
.
W QI' cl(J~m. 'u~ analv.i. (QI oJ Feb. U. ,1968)
Total deposita to the war olaima fund. _____________________ $225,000,000.00
i
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Withdrawals: of . '
"23,410,954. 18
. .
l'l1yment
claima, 'BEC ______________________
}'l1yment of chums, .'CSC.• ______ ~ ___________________ 1178. 081, 1'JO. 00
Administrlitiv8 expcn*lS, BEC. __ •••• __________________
711,223.52
Administrlltive expenses, .'CSC_•.•__ • ______________ ~ __ , 6,142,741. 65
llcpayment of 10:1118, I:il4te DeplU'tmen·t _______ ~_________
50,550.08
lU;C future payment.i •• ______________________________
17.600.000.00
GAO certificate of IletUenlent•• ________ ~ ____ ----------69. liO
Total. •• ______________ • __________________.;.________ 22., 896, 728.93
Redepoait.8 to the fund {credit) _________ • ____ .":.___________
6,720. 21i
~______
Total wjtbdrawals _______ • __
224, 889, IIYY. 65
~______________________
Balance. Feb. 28, 11158. __ .. ___ .. ~ _________________ .. -
110,000.25
=====
Anticipated transactions:
.
'I'ransler from Ollice of Alien Property•• _______________ _
Administrative expenliC8, }'CSC, lU511 fiscal year•• ___ ~ __ _
Transfer to paYlnent of claims, FCSC, 1958 fiscallur__ _
- 5, 000, 000. 00
85,000.00
4, 205, \136. 00
Total ..................... _..........._................. _~ _...... _................ __'.. _ .-4,290,1136.00
Balance _____________________ • __._________________._
th
, 8111, 064. 35
"Payment of Certain War Claims," 85 Cong., 2nd Sess., House Report No. 2184
to accompany H.R. 11668,p.3 (Serial Set 12064).
�. STATUS OF WAR CLAIMS FUND
1959
1ral' clllimBlulld u'IlullIsis Ull 01 A.pr. 27. W."',I
Total del)()Rits to the war claims fund __.;.._____________________ _
Withdrnwnls:
.
Payment. of clahnA, BF.CL____________________ $23, ·no, or...
l'uyuumt of clnhus, li·(j~C _____ ...,-------------- .. un, 2!)H, foHl) .
AdminlNtratlve (\XItE'nses, BJl1C_______________
711.224
Admiulstrntlve eXllellReS, FCSC__ ... ___________
5, 2:~4, 4HO
RRpayment of lonns, State DepartmenL______
50, !lrlt)
nEC future payments_______________
17, 500, 000
GAO certificate of settlement________________
70
J
I
~_______
Total wlthdrawab~____ _____________________
Redeposits to the fund (credit) __________________
!
I
I
228, 166, 104
-3, 143
Total ___________________________________ ________.;._____
~
228, 162. 981
-----1f'
587,0:1
Balance 8S of Apr. 80, 1959_______________ ..:_____________
Anticipated transa('tions:
Pay raise.supplemental, fiscal year 1959____________ $7,200
Administrative expen~8, FCSC, fiscal year 1960__.;.._ vO,OOO
Payment or claims, }"'CSC, fiscal year I9ri9 1________ 95,477
. Payment of claims, FCSC, fiscal year 1000_________ 39,000
Total anticipated transactlol1s ___________________ ~_~ _____
Balance, June 80, 1960________________________________ _
1
!
~191,8111
395,&t!
Balance of current-year estimate.
"War Claims and Enemy Property Legislation" 86th Cong 1st Sess H '
H .
f
S'
" , . , earmgs, ouse 0
R
.
ep:-esentatlves, ubcommlttee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Comme
.
rce,
Apnl-August 1959, p . 1 1 4 . ·
�,
.
-.''''''
EXHIDIT IV
I
I
I
i
l
STATUS OF WAR CLAIMS FlJI','D AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1968
For payment of claims:
War Claims Commission and Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission _________________________________________
Bureau of Employees' Compensation_____________________
Repayment of loans to Department of State __ ,____________
Transferred to Treasury Depa.rtment for Burea.u of Employees' Compensation for future payments ___________ "_
General Accounting Office for certificate of settlement of
claims____ ; ___________________ • _•• _________ • _. ____
I
~_
Payment to Jewish Restitution Successor Organization ___ _
For administrative expenses:
War Claims Commission and Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission ___________________ ________________ __'__
Bureau of Employees.' COmpensation ____________________ _
~
~
$402,929,552
23,419,117
50, ;;50
17,500,000
70
500,000
5,401,279
711,224
Total withdrawals_ __ ___ ____ __ ___ __ ____ ___ ___ ______ __ 450,511,792
Total deposits____________________ __ " ____ _____ __ _________ _ ' 452,531,720
~
, Unexpended balance___________________________________
"
. 2,019,928
1 Title t, War CllIlms Act ot 1lH8. $181,6l2,863; t1Ue II. War C alms Act ot 1~ 1221,416.6110.
'. Includes 131,720 transterred from tbeapproprlallon ;9m8fJ&8 "Payment ot World War II CllIlms. ForelgD
C,1aims Settlement Commission, prior yean."
24
Source: Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of t e United States,
Annual Report, 1968.
"
�..,
EXHIBIT
SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS COMPLETED
IV
UNDER THE WAR CLAIMS ACT
OF 1948
. T.,·.", of dn Irn~
l'.. rlod ('o"erl'd
Sec. 6(b). War Claims Members of U.S. Armed Forces World War II
held as prisoners of war by. commencing
Act of 1948; (W.C.A.)
Dee. 7, 1941,
enemy. Inadequate food ra
(Public Law 80-896;
ending Sept. 2,
approved July 3. 1948; tions $1 per day.
1946.
62 Stat. 1244; 60 U.S.C.
App. 2006).
Sec. 6(a)-(e), W.C.A ...... U.S. civilians captured and in
terned by Japanese or in Em
bassy to avoid capture in U.S.
territories and possessions.
Sec. 7(a), W.C.A...
..do....
... Religious organizations and per- ........ do .. .
sonnel in Philippines affiliated
with U.S . .Drganization for re, ~
imbursement for food, shelter,
.
supplies, and medicine. fur
nished U.S. Armed Forces and
citizens in Philippine Islands
during World War II.
Members of U.S. Armed Forces
See. 6(d), W.C.A., as
amended by Public Law held as prisoners of war .by
enemy. Forced labor and for
82·303; (66 Stat. 48;.
inhumane treatment - $1.60
50 U.S.C. App. 2006).
per day.
. do ..
Sec. 7(b)-(c), W.C.A., as Religious organizations affiliated
amended by Public Law with U;S. organization for
damage 'or loss of educational
82-303: (66 Stat. 48;
institutions and' other con
50 U.S.C. App. 2006).
nected facilities (church struc
tures were precluded) in
Philippines during World War
II.
..do ....... .
Sec. 6(e), W.C.A., as. Members of U.S~ Armed Forces Korean conflict
commencing
amended by Public Law held as prisoners of war dur
ing the Korean conflict-$2.50 June 26, 1960.
83-616: approved Aug.
ending Aug. 21,
. 21, 1954 (68 Stat. 761: per day.
1964.
50 U.S.C. App. 2004).
Civilian American citizens in
Se\'!. 6(g), W.C.A., as
amended by Public Law terned or in hiding during
Korean conflict $60' per
83-616 (68 Stat. 759;
month. .
60 U.S.C. App. 2004).
•• j"'
..do.
1 Many thousands or claims for primner of war benefit. w"e,'(' r«eived from
residE'nls "in
U.S. p"••HS;OnS and t"rrilo"iH -acquired by enemy' force' <hirinll Wo..td War II who fll,,"
claim. (or the... ben..flt. but Were not officiallY li.ted a. m..mber. of' duly reeo"ni"ed units ..f
28
Num~r
Number
dllims
.\utllOrll~'
Number
IlwIlrds
of
dl'nlnh.
Amount of
13,740.
13.679.329
of
o(
Ilwllrd"
23,000
·9,260
10,194
36
10,169
2.858,660
264,228 178.900
75,328
48
9,877
10
89
2,968
Filing perIod
Proaram
eompl"ted
. Jan.. 1960 to
Mar. 31, 1962.
Do.
........ do ............... .
Do.
'73,492,926
Apr. 9. 1962 to
Aug.. I, 1964.
Do.
41
17,238,697
Apr. 9, 1963 to
Aug. 1. 1954.
Do.
9,450
427
8,874,458
10
o
16,774
2,222
746
4,082,086
Aug. 21, 1954 to
Aug. 21, 1956
Aug. 21, 1966.
....... do .............
Do•
Aug. 31, 1954 to
Aug. 31,1956
Aug. 31, 1955.
the Armed ForcH at th.. U.S. durin" World War II. AecordinKly. such rHidents wet.e
in..ligibl.. to recelye pri.oner of war ben"fits. Ihu. th" hiKh number of di••allowanc....
29
�9
EXHIBIT IV
SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS COMPLETED
'1'nle- n'- elnlim.
Authurlty
I'..rl"d ('('weTi'd
U.S. civilian employees and World War II
contractors interned by Jap
commencing
anese Government in U.S. Dec. 7, 1941,
territory and possessions-460 ending Aug. 8,
per month under sec. 5(a)-(e). 1946.
U.S. citizens who were captured ........ do .................. ..
See. 16, W.C.A., as
as POW's while sel'\'ing in
amended by Public
Armed. Forces of U.S. Allies
Law 83-744 (68 Stat.
during World War II. $2.60
1034; 60 U.S.C. App.
per day subsequent to Dec. 7,
2014).
1941.
U.S. merchant seamen captured ........ do ................... .
Sec. 16, W.C.A., as
and Interned in World War II
amended by public
not covered -under sec. 5 (a) ..
Law 83·744 (68 Stat.
~
(e)-$60 per'month for every
1034; U.S.C. App.
month· interned.
2016).
Sequestration of bank accounts ........ do ................... .
Sec. 17. W.C.A., as
amended by Public Law of U.S. civilians, members of
U.S. Armed Forces, U.S. busi·
83·744 (68 Stat. 1035.
ness ftrms, and banking in
U.S.C. App: 2016).
stitutions in Philippines by
Japanese during World War
Sec. 6(a)·(e), W.C.A., .
as amended by 88·744.
approved Aug. 31. 1954
(68 Stat. 1033; 60
U.S.C. App. 2004).
II;
Religious organizations func· ........ do ................. ..
tioning in the Philippines
during World War II of the
same denomination as a religi.
ous organization functioning
in the U.S. (but not affiliated).
Covers same types of claims
as sec. 7(a) and '1(b-g).
See. 6, W.C.A., as
Detention benefits to Gua ........ do.................. ..
amended by Public Law manians captured by Japa
87·617; approved Aug. nese on Wake Island during
31, 1962 (76 Stat. 418; World War II. (Previously
60 U.S.O. App. 2004).
excluded as .non-U.S. citizens.)
Title 11, W.C.A., as
War· damage o~loss to prop· World War II
amended by Public .Law erty in certain eastern Euro
commencing
87·846, approved Oct.
pean countries and territories Sept. I, 1939,
ending Sept. 2,
22, 1962 (72 Stat.
occupied or attacked by Japa
1107).
nese forces during World War 1946 (P~cfic
II, damage to ships, loues to area) July I,
insurers, passengers on ships. 193'1 to Sept. 2,
1945.
Totals ..........
See: 7(h). W.C.A., as
amended by Public Law
84·997; approved Aug.
6, 1966 (70 Stat. 1063;
60 U.S.C. App. 2006).
30
.---
-f"Antinued
UNDER THE WAR CLAIMS Acr OF 1948
Number Number
of
of
ell1lmM
award_
NumbE-r
of
denlnlll
Amount
award"
286,316 179,725·
106,590
1$49,936,899
Jan. 30, 1960 to
Mar. 81, 1962.
Mar. 31. 1956
336,836
........ do ............... .
Do.
888,594·
........do............... ,
Do•
or
I!'IlIng period
PI'OIIUDI
completed
265
206
69
885
I'll
214
3,626
3,16'1
459
10,5'10,91'1
Aug. 31, 1964 to
Aug. 81, 1965.
Aug. 81, 1966
109
42
6'1
8,'111,482
Aug. 6, 19&6 to
Feb. 6, 1967.
Feb. 6, 1958
86
36
o
91,'182
Aug. 81, 1962 to
Feb. 28, 1968.
Dec. 81, 1968
22,606
7,039
16,566
334,788,630 July 15, 1968 to
July 15, 1964.
May 17, 1967
390,310 613,706
41,051
526,006,870
31
�CLAIMS PROGRAMS UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAMS UNDER
Country
Yugoslavia
'!
I
I
Ii
,,I:
I:
Yugoslavia
(Second)
I
Panama
,:
"
I
Poland
I·
Bulgaria
Buigaria
(Second)
Hungary
II
Rumania
T.l'p" of ('Inlm
C":1)w!r~d
~tllrtllll(
Completion
dute .. r
p~oA'r~n'
",.I.~o~rau~
dnte (lr
S""r~
or r,,"d!'
for pl1yrn.,nt of
c71alrnH
Nationalization
6/30/51-W/31154 Yugoslav Claims
or other taking
Agreement of
of AmericanJuly 19, 1948
owned property
prior to 7/19/48
by Yugoslavia
Nationalization
11/8166
7/15/69 Yugoslav Claims
or other taking
Agreement of
of AmericanNovember 5,
owned property
1964
arising between
7/19/48 and
11/5164
Based on the
6/30/51
12/31/54 Panama Claims
taking of certain
Agreement of
property belonging
October 11, 1950
to American
~.
citizens by Panama
Nationalization
9/1160
3/31166 Polish Claims
or other taking
Agreement of
of AmericanJuly 16, 1960
owned property
by Poland
(1) war damage
9/30/55
8/9/59 Liquidated
claims (2) nation
assets of
alization or other
Bulgaria
taking of Americanbloc.ked in U.S.
owned property
(3) failure to meet
certain contractual
obligations
PROGRAMS UNDER
National ization
113170
12/24171 Bulgarian
or other taking of
Claims Agree
American-owned
ment of
property arising
. July 2, 1963
9/9/55 and 7/2/63
(same types as
\}/30/55
8/9/59 Liquidated
Bulgaria)
assets of
Hungary
blocked in U.S.
(same type as
9/30/55
8/9/59 Liquidated
Bulgaria)
assets of
. Rumania
blocked in U.S.
CLMMS SETTLEMENT ACT· OF 1.4•• AS AMENDED
TITLE I .
Amount of fundH
avnllnble or
provided
Prlnclpalnmount
of awnrdM
approved
Number
of
awnrdR
876
Number of
wholly
denied
~Iulm ...
671
91%
1,354
36.1%
$17,000,000.00
$18,417.112.90
3,500,000.00
9;685,093.22
400,000.00
441,891.84
62
5
100,737,681.63
5,022
5,147
$ 4,684,186.46
217
$40,000,000,00
(To be paid over
'a 20-year period
beginning Jan
uary 1961)
$ 2,676,234.49
519
APproximate
percent of
awnrd paid.
174
90%
36%
(Estimated)
$1,000
plus
69.710%
TITLE III
400,000,00
141,400.00
13
49
$1,000
plus
69.7100/'0
2,237,737.96
$20.164,212.68
58,277,457.94·
$60,011,347.78
1,153
1,572
498
575
$1,000
plus
1.5%
$1.000
plus
37.841474%
• One nWArd under n prlvnte relief bill for $\HI.04!UlO wn~ pllid frnrn "'nr ('I1l11II~ ...· "nd.
32
33
�CLAIMS PROGRAMS UNDER TBEINTERNATI()NAL CLAIMS
PROGRAMS UNDER
Count.)'
Ty.... uf <"I .. ID!
covered
Starting
dllte of
proll'l'IIm
Completion
dale of
program
Sourn of tunds
for pa)'lIU!nt of
claims
Nationalization
1/3/70 . 12/24I1L Rumanian
or oihertaking ,
ClaiRIII
Agreement of
of. American.
owned property
March 30, 1960
arising between
August £I, 1966
and March 30, 1960
9/30/66
Pl'incipally, war
6/31160 Memo of Under.
Italy
lltanding with
damage claim.
Italy dated
arising outside of
March 29, 1957
Italy caused by
Italian military
action
1/3/70 12124171 Remaining
Italy
Late-filed claims
(Second)
balance in
by U.S. nationals
Italian Claims
alld claims arising
Fund
in ceded territory
primarily in the
Islands (Dodecanese)
8/9169 Litvinov As-'
Soviet Union Certain c1aimll of
9/80/66
signments of
, U.S. nationalll
8/25/33
arising prior to
11/6133 (included
claims based ~n
World War I takings
and defaulted bOnd
obligational
PROGRAM UNDER
9/16/62 Blocked Czech
8/8/69
Czechoslovakia Nationalization
assets in U.S.
or other taking
of Amerlcan
owned property
PRoGRAMS UNDER
7/6172 The act specift
(1) Nationalization
9/2/66
Cuba
cally precludes
or other taking of
any authoriza·
American-owned prop.
tion for appro
ertysincellll69 ;
(2) death and d~
priations. for
the payment
ability claiRIII
arising since 1/1/69
of these claims.
Awardll :lore 1Ub
jed to fut,),:!
settlemen!;,
Communist
(1) Nationalization
1/6/68
7/6/72 The act llpecifl·
China
or other taking of
cally precludes
American-owned prop.
any authoriza·
erty since 10/1i':9;
tion for appro
(2) death and dis-'
priationll for the
ability claims
payment of these
arising since 10/1/49.
claims. Awards
are subject to
future settle.:.
ment.
Rumania
(Second)
SETTLEMENT ACT OF 1949, AS AMENDED--Continaed
TITLE I
Prln..lplIl nmount
otnwnrdtt
npproved
Amount of funds
IlvnUnble or
provided
Nun,boer
of
awards
Kalllber ot
elslma wboll)'
denied
Apl,rolhnnte
percent of
Ilward pnld
$1,000 -- - .
plus
37.841474%
$ 1,091,102;00' ',
. 86
. 300-
2,239,413.34
762;294.46
482
1,764,
Int.
100%
plull
interest
348,934.33
110,651,78
90
324
Int.
100%
plus
interest
70,466,019.00
1,925
2,206
$113,645,206.41·
2,630
1,346
$1,000
. plus
6.3038419%
$1,760,124,172.08
6,887
·1,192
(None paid
certifica·
tion of
loss only)
196,471,059.33
380
194
$"2,500,000;00 '
6,000,000.00
1,086,520.23
"
• Inelud.,. both principal .nd Int_l In._""h .. pume.. tpriorlU", and IImltntlo';;-;;~der
thla tltI......r......d on t .... total .",ount Ilf
by .""h p.;orltln .nd limitations
under TltI. I and III .............. on Inltl.l ....d pro-r-ated pay_nt. on prh..,IJ)A1 .mount of
._rd" ..........
8,658,722.43
TITLE IV
$8,540,768.41
TITLE V
8.50/'.
.
(None paid
certiftca
tion ~f
losS only)
_.arda: prior to maklna paym.ntll on a ... arda of Int~rHt. ~u. far no Int@rest-on ..... rd. hail
bHn made du .. to I.ek of funda ..Ith ue..ptlon of ltall... d ...."".
�J~P .
.. ·bo1..t
.AP,
(1 1 1
FOREIGN
CLAIMS SETTLEMENT
COMMISSION OF THE
UNITED STATES
Annual Report to the Congress for the
Period January I-December 31. 1 Q71
�.....-,~_ ..... _:k.~ ____ .. ~ ......- ...;_._."'...... ,. -.-.~--
EXHIBIT 5: Summary of ProrramsCompleted under the Intemll!tional Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended
Amount Of llIIIds Pl'illCipal Amount
...iI.ble or
eI,•• ,ds
proyided
IIIproud
Ioarc. eI fvnds for
p.yment Of el.illlS
!lumber
eI
...rds
lllIIIIbe, 01 el.ims
,",oily denied
Profl"lms under Title I
U-31-54
'qtlJlav CI.lm. ."u- $17,Il00.Il00.110
..nt of lui, 19. 190\8.
""OSLAVIA !SECOND).hiDNliaition or ·otIIe, n.N6
lakin, of Meriuft.Own.d .,opert, arisina
IIftwun lul1. 1., JIM8, .l1li IIDV. 5, 1164.
PANAMA. lIsed 011 tilt Ia~in, ., Panam. of 5-»51
cert.in property IIII0naina to MeriCin
cltium.
• To be p,id ..er • »par "ried lllliMIne
Prorl1lms under ntle III
Pan,m, CI.ims .".t
. .nt eI Oct. 11, 1S!5O.
--'7 .1.
519
1,354
36.1 percent
_,Il00.00
441.191.84
5
110 percent
5,147
33 percent
(Ulim.ted).
To dII. ,II lI/IIIutl ..rmelltl "'n be.n illite.
IUlGARIA (SECOND). lI.tiontlizajion or olher H·70
tlkin. of AlneriCJn~.nld property "isin,
belween Au,. t, 1955••1Id July 2. 1963.
LiQuid.ted
lul,,,i.
U.S.
"seta
bloeud
of, 2,676,234.49
In
$ 4.684.186.46
217
174
11,000 phlt
19.110 p"ceilt.
49
lul,.,i.n CI.ims AlTee
ment 01 lui, 2, 1963.
_.Il00.00
l41,4!JO.00
.13
.11-59 LiQuid.led lSuls Of
Mun"f):. I blocked 1ft
U.S.
MUNGARY (fiRS!). (I) War d.m"e cl,ims. (2) 11-30-55
nationllililion 0' olher tlkin, 01 Ame'ictn
.wned p,opert,. Il) f,ilu'e to ..eel certain
conlflclu.1 ob"••lions.
.1 p,reent .
IGO.737.68Ui3
.11-59
IUlGARIA (FIRST). III Wit .'IIII,e cl.ims.· 12)11-30-55
nalion.1 jlltion . or other tlkin, of AlIIeric,1Iowned ,roperty, (3) lIilure to ..el ctrtain
conl'.clual OIlh,tlions.
671
111,417.112.10.
1,SIO,1IOO.00
Ajlprol. percent
of ....d p.id
2,%35.750.65
. .,277••57....
1.153
1.572
do
III $1,000 plus
40 parcenl
(38.5 percent
from War
CI.ims fund)
(2)
& (3)
$1,000 plus
35 percenl
(estim.ted)
5-1&-n
RUMANIA (FIRST). (II WI! d.m.,t c,.im$. (2) 9-30-"
n.lion.linlion 0' olher IIkin, 01 Americ.n
o"ned property,' (3) I.ilvr. to mtel cert.in
contllctu.1 OIlli,"lions.
..11-59
RUMANIA (SECOND). Nation.liution 0' other 1-3-10
tlkin, 01 Americ.n~"ned p'op,rty arisin.
bel"e.n Au,. 9. 1955. Ind Mil. 30. 1960.-
INHI
lum.ni.n Clliml .".t..enl ot Mar. 30, 1960.
ITALY (JiRSlI.. P,incip.lI,
d.m.,. cl.ims 11-30-55
I,isin, outside Of Ihl, uused by It,h,n
milila" aclion.
5-31-60
Memo of Underslilldin,
wilh 1I,Iy dated Au,.
14, 1...7.
5,000,Il00.00
2,239,413.34
lilt 7$2,294.45
ITALY !SECOND). Lilt-filed cl.iml by U.S. nt· 1-3-70
lion.', IIId cl,illls arilio. In ceded lerrilo,y
prim.rily in tilt Oodecanue 1.I,nds.
12-24·n
"III,ioin, bll,nc. 1ft
Itlli.n Cl,ims Fvnd.
1'-.520.2:1
348.934.33
1m. 110.651.78
110
. .59 . Lltwino. Aui,nm.nt of
lIoy. 16, 1933.
1.658,722.43
'7O,466,OIS.oo
1.1125
liquidated • •tl of 5 ••540,768:41
C"chosl... ~it'IOcUd
II U.s.
"Sl13,645.2D5.41
U30
M.,
Hun,.riln CI.ims A"ee· "11,1100.000.00.
..ent 01 Marth 6, 1973.
s;m.W.64
HUNGARY (SECOND). 1I,Iionililllion or ether 1H5-7.
tlkin, of Alnericln-owned propert, arisina be·
twun Au,. t. 1955•• nd
e, 197J.
365
1.159 .
11.000 pIUS 35
,f::t1::itttd)
r
10.,
SOVI[l UNION. Certlin
"i"o, p,ior to 1Iov.
bas.d on Wo,ld War
bond OIlli.ations).
cl,ilM Of U.S. ftllion.ls 11-30-55
6, 1933" (included cl,im$
I tlkinas ,nd d.l.ulted
.
• OM .ward under • priy.l. ttli., 1Ii11 for .,049.60
IrIS
LlQuid.led
lumlni.
U.S.
"'til
bloc~.d
of $20.164.212.68
In·
2.500,000.00
110.011.347.78
,1.000 plUl
37.84147.
percenl
1.1)111.102.00
SI,OOO plus
37.841474
pucenl
1.764
100 perteo:
plus Interesl
$1,000 plus
1.717 "tAnto
paid from War Cl,i!l!$ Fund.
.. To dllt Ih. Gowernm.nt of Hunan, "'. paid. total Of 114.27l.ooo.oo.
Program under Title IV
CZECHOSlOVAKIA. IIftiO';,lilllion \If ether tI~.... of Atnaric.ft.OWIItd property.
....58
..15-62
1.30\6 .
11,000 plus
5.3038419
percent.
• Includes both princip.1 II1II IlIIernt ","much • ..rm.nl prloritieslnd lilnitat i01ll Inder this Titl.· wert bastd en tilt total ,mount of ,w"ds ,",''us nCh p,iorili"
and limil.lions vndor Till. I InI! III Wttt blUd on lailill . , promld parmtnll Oft principal l1li0II1II eI ...fda, prio' to _kine ..,..,.nll 011 ...rd, of 11II...st. TllUi flf. ftO jII'JIII.ntl
eI iDt",,1 00 , ..ards Ill•• be.n 1IIIt. due to lICk !If fllnlll with uception of Ibli,n claims.
,""rams under ntle V
CUBA. QI llltion.llmioo lit ether tlkiac !If ..H5
AtI\t,iCl_d p,op.rty ,ille' J.n. 1. 1959;
(I) duth IIId iiubllity cl.illlS Itlli~, tlnc.
Jan. 1. lI59.
CHINA. III IIlIio.,lil,lion lit other tI\.ina of
Am"icl~wned p,operty .inee Oct. I, 1"'9,
(2) dUlh .nd lIillDility cl,im. lIisina ,inee
Oct. I, 1...9.
..
J+(j8
7+72
'Ill••ct tPtcifiClII,
precluded In,
IIUIhorization for
l!PP,opri.tions for
the perm.nt eI
tlltu e Ilim,.
dO
51.151.1157,358.00
5,811
1.105
(Ilona "id.
certilic.lion of
loss m,de for
tfc~ ~~ ~'f~~~
cl,ims tetllt
..enl.,,,e
Inent).
5 .,861.841.00
(II l'IIunded fipres)
:m
1911
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Foreign Claims
-. Settlement Commission
of the United States
Annual Report to the Congress for 1978
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TABLE
9'l.-Sfalus of claims of American naliona18 against certain foreign governments as of June
so,
::t1
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0
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197;]
0-3
Bulgaria
_Hungary
Romania
Poland
War claims fund
Yugoslavia
Italy
0
>1j
Awards certlfted to the Treasury:
Number of awards... _. ____ ... ___ . ___ . ____ , _______ . ______
Amount of awards:
~~::~~:-:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
2~~
.1,302
672
$4,826, 5!!0. 46 $58,277,4.57. ~ SGI, 102, ~g. 78
I, U14, U73. 19 22, 186,4OI!.
24,846,637. 10
7,363
8,7113
Il69
726
$101,002,681. 63 $34O,IIO!l, ~77. 34
1>1,776,171;'01 •••••• __ ._ •• _._ •••
$9,685, 003. 22
2,866,279.97.
$3, 080, 680. 77
1,040, 281.81
1
Total ••• ,_._ ...... _... _._ .. __ .... ___ . _____________
6,740,669. M
80, 463. 866.62
811,949,086:88
1.63,431, 856. 64
340, 6O'J, 677. 34
12,661,373.19
4, 120,962.68
Deposits In ele.lms funds. _____ .. _______________ ._. _________ •
Statutory deduction lor administrative eXpenses_. ____ . ___ ..
3,217,088.93
100, 8M. 44
2, 365,1iI3. 69
117,176.73
23,726,000.01
1,186,274.33
26,000, 000. 00
• 1>00,000.00
235, 600,000. 00
(.)
3,6-16,960. 16
141>,827.41
~,ooo, 000. OC
Amounts available for payment on awards ____ ... _____ _ 3,056,231.49
2.237.731.96 22,638. 125.68
26,500,000.00
235,600,000.00. 3,401.132.76
Payments on awards:
PrincipaL _••. _••• _____ ._. ___ ._ •..• ___ ................ _. 3,0110,017.63
2,223,967.26 2'1,626,373.73
26,378,12'1.69
235,446,744.73
3,369,73.'1.73
Interest...... _........ ____ ..... __ ...... _____ .... _. __ ...... , _._ ......... _. ___ •• __ ._...... _______ .... _____ .... _•• ___ . _. __ • ____ ._ ....... ____ •••••._____ • __ •••• _.
200,000.00
0-3
:Il
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n
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t"l
0-3
>
4,760,000.00
::t1
4, IT.!. 806. 20
to)
0
~
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Balances In claims funds ............. _.... _____ .... ______ ._ ..
6,216.86
13.760.70
12, 3.'11. 9~
'121,811.41
164,266.21
1I,3'J7.02
621;193.80
0-3
:Il
t"l
I Private Law 91-sS.
• PubliC Law 90--241 amended the International Claims Settlement Act of 1!l49 to
permit the 6-percent deduction to be made from the Installment payments made under
the clalrm agreemllnts, rather than from each payment to awardecs.
• Statutory deductions of 6 percent made by the Foreign Claims Settlement Com.
mission !>rior to the funds being transferred to Treasury.
.
• Includes both principal and interest.
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STATISTICAL APPENDIX TO
····ANNUAL
REPORT
..•. ·of the Secretary of the Treasury
on the State of. the Finances
.;:
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FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 3D, 1973
,II
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [10]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-10
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/32de98697b897dac157e6ec4ebd5b3e2.pdf
b98fb8bed5641b2df2c4774a8928b839
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.
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Aq'pe!;aon..ex.ett:Pta .m.U~ .of, .~ e8~~t~ 'eneJ1l7 "ooudll'1','a8se~1~
·,~.,~,arlil1q aa .e.ft8u1tfjf: 'th1e. ·mter: . .,. ftled.,t.I'te Wea,
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�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
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The Executive Committee of the Alien Proc'erty 'Custocii<Lh
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Jurj...?dtcj:.j.jm:§_e.d.icn 2JJlof, E. '0. 9.9~<.','s.!'E.1ended:.
S01..1I~_2f inlort::~1 t.i.2.!Jj~FoI.'ll_ AP.9.=..2..1..J::!ple.§..s_. otberV{~J:1j:_.ll.<?j:.ed.•
r.:lar;· Dundek (c.lEo known as Nieri Dundak) ~
(1) E8T.':'.TE:
U2) COUHT:
sed
l?rolx~te COl;rt of TrUlllbull County, ohio,
,Estf:.te No. 17924" Docket No. 46
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Hev,. Sts)hen Csepke, E}~:ecutor", 105 V:est~econd
FIDUCIAR.Y:
Street, Niles, Ohio
(4) NI'TO[{~!EY:
~U28
Niles, Ohio
Gvlladus A•. ThomB.8, 406 Niles B8nk Eui:i.ding,
I
DESIGNP..'I'ED COTJNT?n;Ej:"" Gerrr18ny: D.nd Hungary
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DE2ICN.f.,T.D:.D ;,lATIC:-!ALE:
J Cfi€ ,
;\:~olna'r
Denec :.101nHr
Joseph L8.katos
John Laketos
Berlin, Gerl'nLny
Fud.r;.pest, Hunge.ry
Ken:7eri VeS megyc, EUTIi;E.ry
7.enyeri V<J:; :neg:re, HWlgcr:.'
I\enyeri ves megye, HungB.ry
::'.~;:iry
I
(7) Vr.:2TIBLE p,;::m:ER'IY [LND
claim of
rwtiC'HlH::'S
'j1.11 ri{:'ht, title, interest ",nd
kind or chaTbcter ,,,hetsoever' of said
in and to
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t:he
design~i.ted
est.::' te of' f';le.ry Dundek, a.lso known
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:;Ieri Dundek; decet.sed.
Tf.e
~,rC?perty~,nd
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Jo:.~e;)h t'J;oln~r.
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interest diEtri bate ble '8.nd payable to
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Le[8tee of one-fifth of residue' of
the Fourth Article of the Will.
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under
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REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
,
:ntry
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L''''l1(;'s·i~ulm,r. Lec,·:t.e'2 of one-firth of re.sidue of est.ote
under the Fourth Article ofthe·~ill.
I.
Jos,-,,,·i~. Li'i1~.c·.tos. :Le[.c;tee of one-fifth ·of reE:idue of est.l'.te
unr:er' the FOl.1rth Artir!le of the' ViilJ. •
.John Ls1~~'to.s. LUL'tec of onc-fift]: of' residue of 8s,t",te
under tbe :F'ourth j\rticle of t.he Yiill.
::iC'.ry klJ t.OE,. Lerr-t.E'e of one-fifth of rt,:idue of es-t.<', te
i~nc.ler the fO!J,rth J\rtj ele of the ',o!ill.
inteiests of Eurvivois ~ould~be incre~sed.
])I'ObEte Court, of Trmr.bull County; ,Ohio, on December 16, 19~2,
',vhenLettersi Test.e.mentcry 1,:ere issued to the neVe
(see
~t~r.hen
Cse;:,ke
co~y of;letters).
Tile pro-iri::iof)s of t.he vaJ.l pertaining t.o the c'.esignc:ted
nt:ttiol"_81s are
1-!S
·fbJ.lows:
I
"Fo1.Lrth~
All the rest c.nd residue of my est,it,e of
v;lwtEoevei· :dr.d:::nd description, reel, persone.l or ;nixed,
I i;ive, 6.evise <.nd bec.uea'th to the fO,l1oi'.ing of my
nieces ~:ndI neohews, 1Nho survive me,shl're 5.nc.1 [·hare 2.1:ike:
J ose;Jh i:lolill'_r, Berlin, Germ8ny
De l1e E'~~ol nar,.Blll~,;:~e st , i"h,l.ng~i.ry
i' JOSE:'rh LakDtos, Ken~reri vo.s .:11e[ye, Hungary
··John LElcetot:;,' Kenyeri, V2.S megye, Hungary
Mery L/'l~{2toS, Kenyer:i vas mef','7"E:', HungE·ry"
I
(2'8e c~~.:y .of Wili)
The estate, ~s per inventory (see C00Y) ~onsist.ed of the
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follO\'!i ng i t~ms:
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Cash
The Niles Bank Company, Ni1es"Ohio, Savings
Account No~ 14790·
195.00,
2,246.75 '
The Dollar Savings Ba,nkCo;, Ni1es~ 'Ohio,
Savings Ac~ount No.' 18739
466.37
Defense Se,vj,.ngsBond SeriesE,No. M731468E
750.CO
•
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Depositors Realization Corporation
Account Nc;\.: 1161
1,007.47'
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The sa;vings accounts and the United States Bond have .,been
1
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kept in their original status
by
claims totaling approximately
$550~OO
the Executor; creditors,I,
have been paid, ',but,
expenses of, administration are isti11 unpaid., " (See letter from
, I
;Thoma~~\iated:Apri116, 1943).
Attorney Gv.:1adus A.
In ce~tain Situations, ''under Ohio law, the executor may
distribute 'a11 or part of the estate six m.onths s,fter his
,.
'
appointment, a,nd one month after approval of inventory, (10509-181) •
•
:
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He i~ requ:l.r!?d' to 'file',' an accounting withih nine months after
his appoin-yment (105'09-170).
C1a.ims must be presented to the,
executor within four monthsaft-er his appointment (10509-112),
8,lthough tJ?,e Court may authorize subsequent filing in exceptiona.1
,
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"
,
,
•
,
circumstances, but a c1e,im !lot presented 'within nine months of
i
the aopointment of the executor is barred, unless of a contingent
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nature (10?09-134)." Thus it appears that this estate should be
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�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
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(Jun~; 1'144.) :?'s rcI.::,rred to in
i'.. ttorney
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Office "Memorandum .\ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
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TO
~'l V. !",wron,:Acting Directo.r.,
(JV oif.h ce of Alien Property'
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SUBJECT:
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Dailiel G. !.~cGrD,th
.D-3L.-139
Chief, Claims Section
Divesting Orders· covering net proceeds of property
vested pursuant ,to Vesting Order No. 1795 and o,med
by Denes' l\;olnar, Joseph L3.ka,tos, John Lakatos, and
!:2.:ri J..akatos ait elate of 'Testing.
Attached for Y9ur signrlt"ure are the orieinals and duplicates of four
Divesting Order::; under Section 202(b) of the International ClaiJTIS Sett+ement Act
of 19~9, as arnended. The Orders cli vest a total of :+2,276.05, representing the
net proceeds of propert.y which had beE:n ve:;:;ted uncleI' Vesting Order No. 1795 pur
suant to the Tra.ding 'with the Ene~r Act, as a;;:endeci. The expenses of the Office
have been deducted and :taxes, i f any, have be'en paid. l'her(:;: p..re no suits or
claims. penc1inf v'Ti th respec t to the ves ted Froperty.
'Ille net 'procee~ds of the property now being' divested were directly owned
at the date of vesting py Dene:: Molnar, Joseph La.katos, John Lakatos, and ~.1:'lry
L<"!.katos, na.tural person~ and nationtis of Hungary.
After these Oz-:c.1ers are signed, the Comptroller 'will t:r:ansmi t the amounts
to be divested to the Treasury Department which will carry the sums divested in
blocked accounts, bearing no L1tera:Jt, in the names. of the nationals.
�:'ntry ~(j
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File No.
D-34-139
Acct. No. 34-8265
'.. DEPARTlidENT OF JUST,ICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN paOPERTY
. ,Re:
, ... i
Under:~he
Denes..':Molnar
.
authority of Title II of the International Claims
.
'
' ,
Settlement Act pf 1949, as amended. (69 Stat. 562), Executive Order 10644,
.
.
"
November 7, 1955 (20 F.R. 8363), Department of Justice Order 175-59,
January 19,1959 (24 F.R. 2452), Department of Justice Order 211-60,
September 12, 1960 (25 F.R. 8997), ~nd Department of Justice Order 226-61,
'.. .
,
~
..
January 18, 1961, and pursuant ;to law, it is hereby determined:
.
I
.
l.,£pat
~569.02
,
represents' the net proceeds of property which
was vested afte~" December 17,
'
1941
pursuant to Vesting Order No. 1795,
..
dated July 12,1943, issued under the Trading with the Enemy Act, as
,': '1
~'
.,';
..
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amended.
2.
That at the date of vesting the property was directly owned
I
.
by Denes Molnar, a natural person and a national. of Hungary.
3.. That the administration, liquidation and disposition of the
property vested by Vesting Order No. 1795 have .been completed pursuant to
the Trading with.the
Ene~
Act, 'as amended, including the adjudication of
aQY suits or claims which may have been'filedwith respect to such property
,
. - .
,
.
under the Tra~ngwiththe Enemy Act, as amended.
TH~ IS HEREBY DIVESTED the sum of $569.02, iVhich will be transI
ferred to the Department of the Treasury to be carried in a blocked account
in the name of ;Denes Molnar, as provided for by Section 202(b) of Title II
of the International Claims Se~tlement .Act of 1949, as amended.
Exec-q,ted at Washington, D. C. on
1
For the Attorney General
(Official Seal>
�: ntry
~~
: I' e l/c.!..J(+wCl.;:!..S""_
:::.!tj5:::;:..-...;...'
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File No.
Box". 36o!
Acct.
No.
D-34-139
34-0266
'DEPARTMENT ,OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
"".'1
Re:
Joseph 'Lakatos
Under the, authority of Title II of the International Claims
Settlement Act of 1949, '
as amended (69 stat. 562), Ex:ecutive Order 10644,
I
.
,
.
November 7, 1955 (20 F.R •. 8363),. Department of Justice Order 175-59,
January 19, 1959 (24 F.R.
2452)~ Department of Justice Order .211-60,
.
.
Septem~er 12, [1960 (25 F.R. 8967), and Departrnent of Justice Order 226-61,
January 18, 1961, and pursuant to laY(, it is hereby determined:
I
was
'
. '.
! That ~;569~01
1.
vestedaft~~
.
December
,
represents the net proceeds of property which
"
17~
1941'pursuant to Vesting Order No. 1795,
dated July ,12, 194.3, issued under the. Trading ,with the
I
.amended.
En~ntV
Act, as
"
2. : That at the date of vesting the property was directly owned
by Joseph Lakatos, a natural person and a national of Hunga.ry.
3.' That' :th~ admini5t~~i1on, liquidation and disposition of the
property vested by Vesting Order
,No.
1795 have been completed pursuant to
the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, including the adjudication of
,
I
'
..
any suits or claims which may have been filed with respect to such property,
. under the Trading :wi,th the Enenw Act,. as amended.
TI.q1:RE IS HEREBY DIVESTED the sum of $569.01, which will be trans
ferred to th;e,Department of the Treasury to be carried in a. blocked account
in the name of Joseph Lakatos, as provided for by Section 202(b) of Title II
of the Inte~national Claims SettiementAct of 1949, as amended.
Executed at Washington, D. C. on ~W{ . I i9S1
For the Attorney General
;'
(Official ~eal)
,
I
. i
"
:,'
�D-34~139
File No.
Box
.. .--------
3~ot ____ ,_---------:
Acct. No., 34-8267
DEPART~ OF'JUSTICE
OFFICE Oir:ALIEN'PROPERTY
Divesting
Re:
.:;:i\'
Or~erSA-
John Lakatos
Under ithe authority of,Tit1:~ II of thf3 ;Ip.terrulti()na.:!. Clai~
SettJ.ement Act ~f 1949, as amended ,(69 Sta,t. 562)" Exequtive OrQ~r 10644,
I
(20 F.R.
November 7, 1955
8363), Department'of JUs~c, Ord~r 175-59,
January 19, 1959 (24 F .R. 2452);' Depa·rtment of JUf:3tice O:r-qer ?U... 60,
I',""
.• , '
September 12, 1966 (25
•
J .
i-'."."
,
f'-R.
8967), ~d, Depa:r-tmentof Justice Order 226~6+,
•
•
,
'
Januar,y 18, 196fL, and purs'!lant to law, it is herepy df3termined;
That $569.0l'rep~sents the net proceeds ofpreperty wbj,cQ
;
'.
was vested afte,r December 17, 1941 PUP8~t to Vestillg Ordfilr 'Ne. 1795,
1.
'4,.
,
,',.
,
,
dat,ed July12, '1943, issued lWier the Trading wj,th the
Enenv Act, as
amended.
I
,"
2. ' That at
th~
.'
,
date of vesting the prpperty was directly qwned
I ,
'
.
.
by John Lakatos, a na. tural person and a nat;i.onal. of Hungary.
"
.
,
3.
That the administration, liquidatioll and disposition 9f
j
property
veste~ by
I
,
-
th~
'
vesting Order No. 1795 ,have
~en
completed PU!'§ll,lant to
"
the Trading with theEnelItY Act, as 'amended, ,includj.ng the adjudication ' pf
i
'
I.
"
,
arr.y suits or claims which may have been
,
fil~4
wi.:t.h
re~~ct
to such property
,
under the Trading with the Enemr Act, as amended.
THERE IS HEREBY DlVES'l'$I:l the
,S1,ll1l
pt$~9.0+,
whic:tI wiU bf3 tr~~!!"
ferred to the iDepartment pft-be, Tr~.a;:lu;t"Y W'be 'carr1~9. ~n
a :hl()cked
aC90~;n't
in the name of John Lakatos, a~,provide~ for by Seption 202(b)o~ ~i~e 1;1:
of the International C1~msSettle~nt Act ,of 1949, ~ amelllg.~p.
Execut,edat WaB~1lgton, D.O,~ onMAY
Fo.r
I'
(Official Seal) .
:
,
I,
1 1961
':th~ At~rneyGe,n.~ral
�',';".
;
File No.
D-34~139
Acct. N,o.
\ ....
34~,8268'
, ! ,
,
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.,,','
, Diwsting ar:der\~.~'
"
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I
7!39
~ r.a~t~s
r,
Und~,r:
tp.~ Int.~~t,ional Clai~
the authority of Tit:t.e II of'
•
, ' , '
.
'
•
. ' · F
<
Settlement Act :Of.~1949~ 'as amendEld (6.~ . ~~:t;..56?)~ ~<?u~vt:! Or,der ~0644'
"
I
" ,
,,'
,
,
November 7, 1955 . (2'Q F.R: B363)"Depl3J;".tInent of tT~~rt.~ce orq~r'17'5-:59,
' i
"
"
'
,
;
, J~ary 19, 1959 (24 :;<' .R~ 2452), Depa~~~~mt 91: J'l,st~!?~ Order, 211-6q"
SeptembeJ." 12,1:960 (25 F,~~ 8967), and Departme~~ of J.~tic.~ qrder 226-6:t.,
,_.
.
.
"
,
'
January ;L8, 1961, an9 pur~ant to law,. iti§ hereby ~e~:rmi,ned:
I
'
" ,,.: "..
'," ,
1. That $5p9.01 represents the net pr.ocee~ o,f property: which
_......
.
v
'
.~
.,
dated Juiy 12,
•
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tp Vest;~
was vest.ed aftl?:r Decemper-' '17, 1941 }?urf!U.81lt
,
,0"',
,
i943, , issued ~4e~·t.heTrading
! ",...'
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,
"
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,
Order No. 1795,
with t~ Ene~ Act, as
'."
, '.
'
amended.
by Mary ~atr;>~;, a nat~~ per~9n and. a national 9f Hung~ry. '
"
3.
.
'
,
"
"
That the administration, ii,quidati()n and dii3I>Psition of the
I
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";'
"
,',
'
""
property vested !by Vesting 9rder~0., 1795 havEl 't1e.~n compJ.~t-,ed pursuant to
I
the Trlildhlg witq. the Enemy Act, as
I
•
amend~d,
'
inclu,ding the adj:udication of'
. • . • •
" ,
,,~.,
, any suits or cla.ims Which may have been filed Yfith respect to such property
.
.
.
. ..
.
'
under the Trading with the EnelI\Y "Act,:
,
,
•.
...
' .
' . '
a~
'
amend,ed.
,
'"
'.
I ,
i
'.
,{
,
THERE iIS HEREBY DIVESTED the ~um of .569l'Oh :which wig be tr~ferred to the DePartment of the Tr,easury
•
in the name of
•
Ma.J:Y
,"
I
"
~katos,
"
,,',
'
"
of the, InternatipnB.i Claims,
t:o
~ c~rrie,d in,~ blocked account
J
',.,
,
'
' , '
a.s provided for by Section 202{b) of, Title II
;.
'
",.'
,
"
.
, ,
SettJ..emen~ 'Act, ,of 1~49 ,'as amend~d,.
Execu~d .at Wasl,lington, D. ,0. on,
MAY 1 1951
I',
i
~,-", 'Act~' Di.~Q:"
c .H'
,1C
,~.
O£fi~~-0£" .Ai~'fm"Proper~ty
(Of;ficia;L Se!'ll)
"
. '.
�. UCEO ATTHE NATIONAL ARCHly!:!>
;i~~rYfO~j1~- II
~OX
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DEPAlt'lMENT OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALlEN mOPERTY
..WASHlNG'lGl', D. C•
..,
REGISTERED
MAIL
1
ClAIMANT:
NOTICE
Attached is a oOPY of a Final Schedule issued under Section
34(!) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended (50 U.S.C. App.
34), with r~spect to &11 Adolft, A.G. (Adolf! Bobbin Company, Inc.),
an insolwn~ debtor. TheSohedule shows no claims were allowed in
respeot of this d~btor.
1
:.
This Schedule is being served bY registered mail on all
claimants 'Whose Cla:ims have been dismissed and disallowed by this
Office with 'respect to &11 Adolfi, A.G.. Pursuant to Section 34(£)
of the Trading with 'the Enemy Act, any cla1ma.nt considering hlmaelf
aggrieved by this Final Schedule m.ay, within sixty (60) days fran.
. the date of !the ma.iling of the Scheq,ule, file in the United states
District Court for the District of. Columbia a canplaint for review
o! this Schee,iule, naming the Attorney General as defendant. A copy
of any such canplaint must be served upon the Attorney General.
Date:
rIIAR 2 4 1959
'.
:
Enclosure
Paul V.
n
.
Deputy D; ctor
Office olAlien Property
�AT· THE NA'llUNAI.. }\Kl;t';11 'foe:.;)
p
v
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File V.O/~1b
Box
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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DEPARiMENT OF JUSTICE
l
OFFICE, OF ALIEN PROPERTY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
In the Matter of the insolvent account of: ~
)
)
EMIL ADOlPF, A. G.
(Adolff Bobbin Ccmpany, Inc.)
)
~
Vesting Order No. !2?6
. .
FINAL SCHEDULE
I
~Ac~c~o~un~t~N~o~.~~~l~~~'~__________________)
I
After ma.king such deductions and establishing such reserves as are
required by Section 34(d) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, the
sum of $6,880.06 is available for. the payment of debt claims filed in respect
of the above-named insolvent debtor's estate. I propose to allow the following
claims and to make the following payments, the priority having been assigned in
accordance with the proviSions of Section 34(g} of the Act.
I
PRIORITY (l) WAGE AND SALARY CIAIMSNOT EXCEEDING $600.00
NONE
PRI<lUTY (2) CUD5 ENTITIED TO PRIORITY UNDER SEx::TIONS 191
AND 193 OF. TITLE 31 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE
NONE
PRDRITY (3) ALL OTHER CIAOO FOR SERVICES RENDERED, FCR
EXPENSES mCURRED.IN CONNEX}TION WITH SUCH
SERVICES, FCR RENT, FCR Gro,ns AJID MATERIAlS
DELIVERED TO THE DEBTOR AND. FOR PAYMEN'lS
MADE TO THE DEBTOR FCR GOODS. OR SERVICES
NOT RECEIVED BY CLAIMANT
NONE
FRICRITY (4) ALL O'lliER DEBT CLAIMS
I
NONE
I
Dated,
wrAP 2 4 1"~f
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Deputy.:::
..
Paul V .
on
Office of Alien Property
�:ntry
:ite - - -
30x
WASILING'.lCJ.\f, 11, (:.
il ttHc.hed is a copy of a ~!?inaJ. ;:;ched:.!.le issued IH.der Deet:i.oll
':)'(f" 0 i' t'ae Tr"
, ..... idle .t!;,}emy he'G, as amenutru \
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aOJ.ng '\'U"Gu J.. c~"
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.34), with respect. to lilrtil Adolli', A. G. (Adolff Bobbin C()mpany, Inc. ),;
an insolvent debtor. The SChedule eho1irS no claims were allowed irt
';)4.
respect of this debtor.
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Tn.is ~;;ehedllle is being served by registered Hi/ilil. on all
clair:lantsvlhose cla:ims!1ave been disodssed and diss110'i(ioo by this
Offlce with respec·t to Eiilil Adolf!, A.G. J?llrS'.lant to'Section 34(f)
of tl1(i: Trading with tt;e Ene(ny Act, any claimant considering' him~H3lf
aggrieved by th:is Final Schedule "lay, . wit.0.in sixt.y (60) days fran
iz,e d.c
of t~he maillng of. the i:':chadnle, file :Ln the United :;ha tea
'Jl.strict COurt, for t.ha District, d Columbia a cOOlpla1nt' for rev.ie)''1'1
of 'this Scheq1l1a, Ilafning the Attorney Gt?.n~3ral as defendant. A copy
of aYly such co:nplaint m.ust, be serv,~d upon the Att.orna;:r General.
Datet
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Paul V. M';""l'on
Deputy Director
Office of Alien':;)roperty
Ene los; I re
�"EhtrY~ 65"'' A - /4:; a
File v. o,,:R 11!:
Box 3Ll,.......,
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AJIIRnu
tmIflll) STAfliIJ •
»aPJlIItmi" fJl
~S'nQB
orrICK 0'1 AtIIIl'.£tONtft
WASHIWOTal, D..
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am
UteI' .~ 1U0n. decluClttoDl
eat&bUsM.lJieu.ch l"'8seP'Vell • are
r8~ed b7 Saot1. 34(f,l) of the !rad.1n8 With the ImIImT Aqt, as amended., the
8WIl 01 ~,SSO.06 P a".~able t()'I' the pi.Jment of debt a~... fU4!idUl re~pect
of ~. "beW-ftIIIletl $.D.IGl... ... ~.btoJl'. o.tate. I p!"e)fOS8 1;$ all"" 1M to'U~
cla1me aDd to JIlek, .the foUc:m1ng p«qm.uts, t.he Pl'iorl'1ha'fiDg been UB1ped in
accordance w1tb _,"vision. of Sec~ell )4(1) ot the lOt.
m;roam
(l) WAGE ANDSALAt\! QtAXMS
am mnmlG $600.00
1011
PRIOilft(2) otl_ ENfULTmTG PRIOtl. U• • $iCfISS 191
AD 19' or frA,J.)l Qfr 1'HE'~m_$TAns com
WC'IRI
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PRIQU'fI (,) AU.I OTBER' OlA:trO " •. amnoES 1iEIP~ '(It
IltPINSm .~ Do~tlJ. US SUGH
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Palau:.. (4) AU O'1!UB D'fD't CLAIMS
.Olf,
MAR 24 1959
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G1Uo8of' Alien .P.ropel'iy
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�U1IITED STATES OF AMiRlGA
llBPAR'l'MBNr OF JUSTICE
OFfICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
WASHINGTON, D•. C.
1
In tlle Matter of:
EURIIDE M. nm
. (IDSOlve.nt Account ot
. Adolft Bobb1a Co., Inc.,
Alleged Debtor
~
~
)
, Debt Claim. No. 1024
~
Docket No.
56 D .34'
)
------------------------>
DeciSion of Director
On NoveBlber
20, 1956.. HeariDg Examiner Michael F.Kl'esk;y issued
a recommended decision·disallowing this claim.
,
The Hearing Examiner's reccDlIlendation is hereby adopted, . and
the· claim is disallowed.
rt should be rwted thatina~ch as the aggregate of debt .claims
. fUed against the .AlGlf':t Bobbin Co.,1 Inc. exceeds the mon. from' which pqment··
may be made by' this Office, the institution
ot 8.'111' judicial proceecii:Qgsis
pTerned b,. section .34(t)ot the Trading With .the BneDIIY Act, as amended•.
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In the Matter of
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wn.LY E. MAYER
ELFRIEDE MAYER
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Docket No. 878
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Title Claim No. 1025
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ClaimatitsJ. haVE!' 1f,11l'ed :a~·:'jo1nt.:'pet;l tfohxl:f.or: rev-few cit; tlie'id'ecision of
,.. . r ~\:~~:: ~~. . i., 'J,~ ~f"; ,. ~:;i,t';i!t·~.. .-LC~:: ·~:~:]:!~}.t rJy~- \
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Wallace H. 'Wa.'mrlex:" ltearlmg, I!l:x:am1net,.. dated' AUgUst:: 121 i'j19~3·, d1sallowing
(:t~"~:.:f.,~ r}
the benefic:f::al ,OWDe·rs
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;.ot·\~50 .lBhar.es.,:o:f!;~ilt:b.ei:icap;L;tatl.;stoclr)}of.:~1Moltf.fd,
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Bobbin
Co., Inc., or whether they were holding them for the benefit of Emil
Adolff, A.G., a German corporation.
The Hearing Examiner found that
claimants had failed to sustain their burden of proof that they were
the beneficial owners of the shares at the time of vesting.
It appears from the testimony that Emil Adolff, A.G., caused Adolff
Bobbin Co., Inc., to be incorporated in 1932 as its United States sales
agency.
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Fifty shares were issued and were registered in the names of .
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varioUs nominal stockholders, but were beneficially owned by, and under
the control of, Emil Adolff, A.G., at ail times.
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The claimant, Willy
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Mayer, was sent to the United States by the German company as an employee
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of the United States sales agency. In the spring of 1939 one of the managers
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of the German company came to the United States, discharged the manager of
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Adolff Bobbin' Co., apPOinted Mayer as manager and caused. 40. shares of stock,
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WhiCh had been in the name of the. former manager, to be transferred to Mayer.
Mayer then transferred them to the name of another employee of the company
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i\).pe ,,;,.,~93Qmi; .~~!;:..!e!ilt". t9G:e~.~~i, pg ,~;t1;ty1;t~,: ~l;L~..:
cJ~rtl~~~te} of~~i,~M9k,Jss:!l~~il;lfp :~fih~~~;2:} ~l,~bh~ ~;ther~Erp.llT~9lf,f' ~\,""'!'I? ,'"
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AA~,I' ,;,:,appl~eQ~ ;t<:?~.'th,:" D,mfl!;~,'lI~fil¥~t,,:t:.~r $.·i.~i~~~. ;~~~·~;fiHl~,f.pr th~,.;.•s,~~S
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hQ1.d:¥lgs, ofhEZQ..l;',Af\o;Lfr+:.\ ab:roa61~i~~;' l~~!,}..i9~n~,~ ",~~ted, Jn~::~,eptemper
"-.. /
&nd~·gn," the,·!r@~~ ~y ~e~~'lr~~~~~ )~,.;~~;,'C!l!l,i,;~~C1~,~;t~~es~r~~~! the
cel:1'ti,f1q..;t~s,\!for~.•~!:Il~5p ,:!~~s ~~; l11m~t01~.~Or.e' ~r~lef.t,.~he" .~ ;th,e,:~H,erm.an
~~.,:e,nyefe~'i,;~n~'t~L~~,~:tJ.···~~l, In.~tll~; ~:t~~, ~~it:,~h~d receive
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$59'
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a sal~. o~. ,,;..~ .." ~:r;:J~.; ~~u'~1~s,!J,~9~i,f'C?r.;I~;.~:1, s,~rv:~C:~~;'i;J'1~; ,~.~r,.. ,of,:, .the.
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ABC aver; will transfer to an American the majority
;.': J<'j41i~c pf the shares which is necessary under American law
to have tb,e ABC appear as an American corporation.
Principally we thought of Mr. Egues who appears worthy
of our 'great confidence because of his praiseworthy
work during the last years. Therefore, Mr. Egues
should receive the required majori.ty of the 50 shares
of ABC with a limitation that Mr~ Egues confirms in
."'"
writing that 'We, Le., Mr'-Willy t~
,:Mi:'~:·~"""*'~:"':""l<, . \"r., ..
Fallscheer, ac.ting for Emil AdoU'f";
,.,
.£r~g:p.t·(;:':,l:;:;;:~:;r:~;;·
to repurchaSe the shares at any t1m~;,~";(~Yler :)~!i,;ifee,.l,r, ' "':~1":' '
much happier if you would be pr~~~A'f~O s,~:~~,ep';::'i~i~::;.,··j
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your office the new shares issued in the name of Egues
and would assure us in writing that you will not hand
the shares under any circUmstances and,for any purPoses
.'. ','... ~...,.. "'"'."''......'' ,~,q,.,~~~;:~,~~es without our* permission.'
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* or,W.E: Mayer's
By the date of vesting in 1942 Maye~ had caused 49 of the 50 shares to be
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transferred into the names of himself and his wife; one she.r~ remained in
the ,name of Egues.Af'ter the end o,f,hostilities Emil Adolff, A.G., reported
,
.
to various.allied occupation authorities that it
of· Adolff Bobbin Co., Inc.
waS
the owner of the shares
Its various officers, who had participated in the
1939 transaction, executed statements to the effect that "Mr. Mayer took the
shares to America in 1939 for the purpose of camoUflaging the ownership in
.
.
case of the outbreak of warn. Mayer alleged that a1l50shares were given.
,:,
to him as a gift.
them.
It is conceded that he paid no consideration whatever for
The net worth of the canpany at the time was apprOximately $24,000.
The only ground upon which review is, sought is the assertion that a
statement given by Fritz Fallscheer,
afo~er
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official of Emil Adolff, A.G.,
�,-,--,---",-ccontained:'''untrue and ml~.~e.a4.i~,,;~~~~n~s.~>:: plaimants .·contend that the
witness feared· that any
~~i,~~j.:E3.i g~vert.:t()
.them might jeopardize his
attempts to regain his f~~er: pqs;~~~\ ~.(~1A.:AdOlff, A.G.
also as serted by clai.m&:I.Qt~,·,b,.~~.()r~e the . Hearing E;xaminer.
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This, however,
Clatm8nts testi- .
fied in support of their version of the facts and challenged the statement
of Fritz Fallscheer , on the same ground as is now stated in the petition for
revi~w (Tra.ns~ript., pl>~i:l~3~laSJ'~i:~~:':hi~ji~af!~~~~~~tJ;l~r
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had all of this
before him in reaching hiS decision .. C1aimailts t petition adds nothing to
.the evidence and contentions heard and decided by the Exam1ner.
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The decision of the Examiner was eupportedby .substantial evidence.
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is denied.
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J~Uary 22,
':::-\;1!Y,' ~-
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. ONY C. SCATURRO
flOTARY PUBLIC
KINGS co; ctKs.IIS0 REG. ~
tERTS. fILED IN
.
QUEENS CO. elKs.' RiG, --:-.t l
N£W. YORk co. ClKs./e',7 R£~........
COM. EXPIRES MArl, 30, f ~7
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AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
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:UNrllD"STATBs OF, AMlm.lCA
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.J)ISSOWTION· mnlaNUMBD
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17.r Ve~1n8 Ord~r, Nmaber
·:IHBRIAS..
Re,. 10627..
39
_._
276, dated Oatober ~, 1942 (7 Fed.
Dec_bel' .19,1942). the Alien Propert.:y Cwltod1aa vestea aU the
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WBIRlI:AS, Adoltl Bobb1r1 Cc:mpaq. Inc., has baen aubstantiall)" 1iQ.Uida ted.
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under the
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aDd' Executba Crder No., 9095·•.·88 . ' .• nd pursuant to law, the undersigned,
am.anded.,
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1. F1D41ng that the claims ot all knOwn creditors have
. been pald • ...,ept 8nch claim if ~ a8, the Alien
. hope"" C:utod1aD may bave tor mon., aclvaaced. or
serrtcea rendered..\o or on behalt'of the corporatioD;
and.
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2. . HaTing deter&1nedtbat '1t: 18 in the national intenDt
ot tbe Uaitecl States tbat .said 'corp01'&tian be dissolved,
and tbat.·'ltaaasets ba"d,iartnbuted., and a Cenitioate
ot Dls8ol:atlon having been issued by the Secret&.l'7 ot
State of .. tbe State ·ot. In "ersar;
,
BiRDI _ , that' the:,ottlcersand"director; of Adolt! BobbinCampalV,
Inc. (to wit, Robert Kramer, President, 1'rea8~r and Illreetor, Francis J. carmody,
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SecretaJy and D:l.:NGtor, and tbe tMrcr .D1rector, 11' the existing vacancy in that
'office 18
hereat~ filled,
and.' their' Succeslors,' or an;r ot them),' continua ·the
proceeding. tor the dissolution of Adolt! Bobbin COIIlpaD7, Inc., in accordance with
the statute:e ot ,~be State otNeW,.1era8y in ncb case ~de
ruRraa ~s,
and
prOV'ided; and
that the said. ofticers and directors' wind. up the affaira
ot the corporaUon and distribute the assets thereof coudDg into their poasession
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as tol1OVl8 s
. (a)Thay shall tirn pay the current expenlea and reasonable
and necessary charges" ot winding ..pth. aftairs ot sald
eorporatlon and the dusolutionthereof'J and
• of
(b)
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fhq shall then paY" aUkRom lede~l, stat... and local
tax.eand tees and 'by oraconbg against tbe _US .
, corpora1t1onJ and
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& ~ tt . .S9 A.llU3
W/
dtlO-I£1 8tJ
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'fhe7 8baU 'tMil pay ewer,
traaat8l', &.8i«a and dellvel"
to t.vAlla. Pro~ Cuatodiaa, all of the fundI aad
properv, 1t amy, nma1D1DI 1a their hands atter the
pa~s aa atQl"••ld" the 88118 to be app11ed by h1m,
t1rstia' aat1ata.~ion ot'l\1ch' claw, 1£a1\1'. aa he
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maY' have tor monies advanoed or services rendered to
01' an. behalf of the oOrporation, ana sscon«, as a
liquidating cliavilmtloa ot a ...ts to the .Alien Pro
per\7 oaatoctianail hoiderot all the 1aaued and. outB'taDdiag
atook
of the, oorpora".JaDtl
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FURT.IfIR C1tDlBa, that Dothiagharem set forth shall be cODatraed a8
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prejucl1clDg the rights, 'tJDf1.~ the laws 'of the State ot lew Jersey. 'ot a~ person
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who .,.., claim aga1nrrt ,.1d oorporation) ,PROVIIBD. BOWEVIR, that IlOtb.1ng herein
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conta1ned.ahall be coastraed,
auoh persoa. or a!\fot
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a, creating ad.d.itional richts in such persona; and
theDi may rll. claim.
with tdle Alien Property Custodian
aga1n8t aD1", funds or property received b7 tbe Al188 Preperty Cuatodiu hereWlQel'J
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PROVIDED. HOiEVBlt, tbat any I\1cb. olaims against said corporaUon shall be rUed
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men PrOperty CUetod1aa within the time prescribed tor
.nch claw b7 the . .\ute. of the. state ot leW "ers"1J and
11'11ttl or presented. to the
FUR'l'BIB 0RllIIUiS, that all actl,ODS .takea and aot.- dODe
and. direotors ot Adolf'! Bobb1D
directlons contaiDeCl
Ae,..u
C~paD7'
b.r the said ottieers
JAe.', purauant to \lU.a Order and the
sballbe cieemad to have been taken and done in reliance
on and purauant to paragra.ph numbrired.(2) Of subd,ivision (b) of sect1'Oll 5 ot the
fl'ad1ng with the eaam;y
.Ac~,asulended, &ad.
the aoq111t.tance and exculpation provided
F
Kxecutad at Waabington, D. C.:. this
~~+" ~~
at ~uX 1\\,~ ,
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( Of't1c1alSeal)
J8Ia8S L .Markham.
Alia PrGpert.y Custodian
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�·ASS~··
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n_IN'c<IiPm.
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TO ".
ALlEN PROl-lRn (;USToDIAl '
_ - , ' 8Z8011tuad by the Won
CUatocl1an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..J'.
Prope~
(_
Fed.
Re,. -" ________..). A.DC.tLnBOBsDt COMPANY, me.. , 8 New Jer8q cor
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as 80le crediur and
aDd clel1ver unto the Alien Propert)-' cUStcdlan.
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stockholder of,
.
Vle saW corporatton, aU of the proportT of the aaid oorporats,on, inclu.ding, wt Dot
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lJJa1t.ed to. t.he. following d.escribed property I
'L1q~Uon Sect-lun 8houldhe~
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1nsert the 118\ of aaset.
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wh1ch appear 1n the balance' &heet
or' tJle
corporation.
Each
item l.'lhottld be d.escribed 1n such maD.llOr' that. it 18 claarq
14ent.it1ad) •.
and. all proper\y hereafter acq~byt.bS corporation, il1cludiDg. but notllm1ted
to all aaun8 of 'sct1on 'accrued or hereattar to scene to the said ADOLFF BOBBIN
COMPANY, l1lC., ba' Nason' ot"the foregoing, or otherwise, a~ well as al1 rights Which
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AllOUJ' BonaI; CCWAta, INC • .t mai~ '~ hereafter L'lay, be ent.itled to Q8Se~t by' virtue
of
,he forego1ng, and Without l1.m.itaUon; upon the !oregoi:lI, has released, transferred,
•••1ped an4 delivered, a,nd does hereby' release, transf'ari as,sign and. deliver unt.o
the Al18n PropGZ"'Q' CUet041an,
,8S
uole creditorar.Ki stockholder or said corporation..
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all rlchta ari8ina by "irtus of the foregoing, and d.oe. hereby authorii!ie the Allen
"..,... OU\oaiaa \0
u.~e
all lapl etepa,1Ilb1ch he ma1 deem necessary or proper to
fJ1'11'orce &IV' and all suchr1ghts.
Ii
iflmsslH&R.&O.P'.
AOOLFFBOOOIN' C(l{PANY, INC. I bas caused 110& corporate
seal to be hereunto,at:f1Xed and
dq
~s
ot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .'. _ _.....
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Apnroved as to form
Gen'::f',sl COlln:::ol.·
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inatrumerit to·be signed this _ _ _ _ _ __
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AOO1.J'F BOB:8IN OOMPANr J INC.
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mATI OFIBI YOlK) SSI
Of UW YOlK )
eoum
(h
day ot
tlle'
. ' , belore
par8OD&u, OBJIUIBOJIJt'f DAMIB, to ~. lmO!ftl,1I\Ihobe1n.gb;y U .dal;r SWorD did depo••
-sa7 that be Reid.IIU
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. , t£:lat he i8 Pnle1dent, Treasurer
aad one of tltel.'l1reetaraot, A~PF laOBJINCOIPANY•. nrc,!, the corporation described '
iA and which anuted 'bbs foregoing' ~~t 1 that be knows t.he seal ot the oar
J)OI'flt1onJ tbattbe seal' affixed.t" the sa1d' ~.trament 18 suob corporate sealJ that
_
he 81Bn.e4 his mame thereto tor and on bebalf of \he. eald corporation pursuant to
m••olutioll Order No.
executed by 'the Alien Property CuetodJ.an on
_ _ _ _e
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as the
day o f ,
' , , ' belore
me peraonally .~ FRANCIS J. CAlUtom:" to me known,who beinB by me 4ul;r 8lVOrn 41d
depose and .."."that. he !'elidA•• 1 I l ; that he 18 5&c~taq and
one ot \he llSrootar,8 of ADOI;.FF BOBBIN COMPANY, INC., the co.rporat1on deecribed, 1n
and nub'. 8X9outed tM fOl.'\lgOing instrument;, tbat he mows the seal of the cor
poratta, that the 8eal affiXed tothB said 1notl"UlDGDt teAch ~orpora.te sealJ that
it _880 atttEGd b.r hiDlJ that he81gned h1s lIIIDle ,thereto tor and on behalf of the
aid earporatlon puratiant \0 m8IJolutlon Order No~:
uecuted by' the Al1tm
Propar\T CultodiAn on •
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OFFICE OF.
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ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN
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. ,,,WASHINGTON 25
"m:OilAilOOM !Oa'
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Daill, Shall'
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FRQ,fa
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Raoal Berger'·'
General COlmael.
. Ad.ut BObbia
SUBJECTs
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c~,;.,:pao.~~,?~,pi.jOiUiii_;·Order
.
V••ting67
Z:1§, .,,~,:,,;, :'1 ,:
Number Qrrder :tIwD.b&r.~.., '\I;C.. ' .• ~"~8~ Order
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. DA.TEI
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Bt malllQraad.um Ir.1979 'of, the L1qu.1datlCIA. Section andby .
·'.:·;'A'"
. JUBlOraDdimf dated June 2S, 1946 from. . .
Mr.
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the
Al1enPrgpertr
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Oustod1an,tb1s ottice bail. been requested to pre
.pa~ a dissolution order for the
., '
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w. D~ Bradf'ord, A••istant to
.....
~bjeat·
corporation •
,~
aPPears that by Vesting Orderbber 276, 'the Custodiaa
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bas vested. all' the iSR:ed. and
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.~ut8tandiegcapita.l
stock 4)t Adolft
Bobbin OCllll:p&IV', IDc., aNew Jersq oorpol'Qtion; that .the oorporation
baa been restatted; that no 8Ilit bas baen brought under .eotion 9(a}
Of the
Trading with the
ena. Actafteeting aut' iD.tere"ts vested b.r
tbe Guartod1an in the subject corporation; that a Cerltticateof Dissola",:,
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tion baa been issUed. by .the . Seoret&Q' 'e;r state. at the stat. of N~ Jers87J
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8DCl that the corporation i. 801vant, having no l1abUities, andhav1ng
~8a8t8
.
oonsisting of cash, an. aooount reoeivable tr_ aOezman campaDIY' J
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~d:lan
an4.anacCOllIlt reoeivable. trom. a
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o01BpBD1'.
blumg upon the acouracy of the tacts set forth. above, I
have prepared. tor the consid.erat101l af the euSiiodian, aDd' have attaohed
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Form PD-13
".5-22-44
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTOD IAN
28-1.380
V:jif~toi!8't·ltd; '276' •••••••
Adolf! Bobbin Coapaay, laC•. ",
·To:, ......................... '~ •••••
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and all. Transfer Offj,ces and Agents , .':,;
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By virtue of the authority vested in the Alien Property Custodian, by
the "Trading with the Enemy.Act" as amended, Executive Order No. 9095 as
amended, and pursuant to..law , I hereby require and dp-mand that you transfer
the following securities of your company, represented by certificates standing
in the name of
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Alien Property Qultodi.:a., Washington, D;. C., Account.. No. 2S-l.380
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • It • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
to the' person or persons hereafter named,herebyassigning, transferring and
setting over to such person or persons ell right, title and interest in such
securities acquired by the Alien Pr~perty,Custodian under said Act and .
applicable Orders issued thereunder, and authorize s'uch transfer or entry on
the books of your corporat~on as thebY""lfiwS ,thereof require:
Certificate No.
No. of Shares
Transfer to
47 aha. - Alien Property Custodian,
SO .:.. capital
1 ah.
1 ah.
1 ah.
Account 10. 28-1380
- Robert 11"8I'ler
- I. W. JIardy'
- francis 1. Carmody
Witness my hand and- the seal of the Office of Alien Property C1lstodian
this, •••.. '~ '. ..• >;day of
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.&LID PlOPERn' CUStoDIAl
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St.
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Witness •.. •,_ ~:-".'~".'. :'~ ..... '... ;~,'.:". ~,,'
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- J'ranc1~1. lId&aln,
1iePUV .Alien Propert.y Cuet.odiAll
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rOo.
OWICI 'OF..wllt P~'ER'n'eiJ8'1'Omil'l
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Walbinltea. .
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Veating
Ie,m
Nuf~r ,276
Onter
ot,th.~p!ta1
nook.ot
.4dGltt lIt)'b'MiIl' Compaa"Iil••
~d.1' the~tho:rl.tf of the 'N'f!Ul~ nth the en• .,.. .A.et, as _ended" ad .
.mendAnt, '884 pui'~usnt.w la_, thEt uiltter,l'gnri, .
afte·r. ~~atlea~_t ttnd1na ~hatth~; ;ropert,.tfeacribe4;••. tono•••
be~t~Ve ONe.. 10.
4)0'' ,.8
~
.' t ·
,stQckof .MolffBo'bbm
eQmpan;r, ,
IDo., ,..fl.VI~.r8$'1co~or.~iGn. ,K~amy. 'ReW"er s8ryf
.nich ie'.. hl!d.ne's·. ent.rpr!.,.e"n t~ . th$UnlteMi
, State.~.,ec,DI1• •g iit.JO·s~8re.or.·,elOO 'par ruu.e
common ,stock" t.h:e ~e~. ~f,:, the :t$gls,erei G.era
of .1th1~j emd t~ ~bero' ·8~~•. ftlne4 'b3' thai
ftlpectl,..el,-J
all . tollftl!!t~':. '
,All of the>csp1 tal
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are'
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Num.'ber· of
. I:'
·shp.r!§
,,~UtB.iqer
ElMe•• 'Ia~~
Chari• ., 'P_ :ElUel
of
.
Who
1,8 oWJ:UKl' bY, or held :tor th~benen.t'
~~. Ad~:ttf" i, 6. ,
1119 last ltttOft l!ld;ttTe... 8:
w&lplIpreeented to theuaderai,p_ atl~in:gRe#tlh&';$, ,O.'!'IJISll.1,'mnd' tbe~efore,',is
, property ott and\repto8eentlJowne.riIMp9f'i"6> 'b!:i,8tlle"e~tf11rpl1..e·1$1ch~ $8, 'a; .
Ilat~_a:t;ot
aa••J,pa~4 _ _
~\#,.(G••~l;,'end\·4ete~h1n~r theiitto ~h"
aD,. or au.: of,n.ahn.1Jl~Et18 'are,p~r9~S 1li.O~ wtth1.D
ex;te.n'ft~\
adei!l4.gnat~d,en~m;r
"lintS''" "benat1~al· iatereert',ot the l1~l:tf;t~S~ate& retiu~reiAthat ImOhpe~sen.lae
tr...,._ ~8·,ft~\1_8!1r.• ./$f' tR.eat,oreedf,ttftngriated en'~t~t1'7~. ~(I'~"'iril.m.d~ .
. e.U'.~~.~tLtiGIl.~!l!1d:tak'rm: ~11,·"15t.i:~, ~er.l.'p~~prt!l~~ o.rmst11:t~tion,~6:. ".,
.ce~tntJ8~.; requre4'., ~~·Eie.,~~ ·O,~.~o~ .A~'tor ~tM~l!e;_ e;n~~e~~~
It;;1i••~e:ea:17~ the aa.tlona1·'~t\tt&H8't "_~by ve8t$:au~b: prop.i1IrtY ~l\ tl\~~;';'~:
PNp~t';CUS~41aDf. to: be. he14. U8._', :adJidA~I!,.r.tt, 1:1qu1"atedj e,,~~o"·o.th,~~/
94.. ttealt· .thh tbe latere" or.and'.toJ! . the' bl!!inef:tt 'ilf the \U>n.1t~i!'!. l;bate84i ' .
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, .~t.m p~pe~y and ,ant 0.1" .u of th,e :pl"Ooeerd8 thalleof 'sull be ,·he1:d 1n It
epe«tat ':a;'.~"
turt~er ,48_~.t!ln, of the A~_ '1'O,.~yh8todlan •.
,t!' ".;ii~~·':·il".t::''b$;tk~. 'tol~m~'~.th8PO,"i"' ,~f' fJle' .41~&1IiP'rOI~'l't;y:CuS~.t~, ,~
pep'"
,t.:.>:;,~~1\,:;~e~y or the,. ,ro~~~ds
%~r,eof. ,,,rtoJ:!1,di<;ai'i~ :t~8.t ~~*9a$$.on,
. '~~'it.·,~~.~'\~'p':"4 '~ ltieu. .th9f'~of'~ 1f, '. cd wbea,<lt: .~o.l',·"d@t9rm~M.. \baf, .' i1lc~ .
r.tu_::'~'
'be., .....rn~h.oQIiip_8atlorl~·stioizllabepallt. " '
' "
~;pe.e.qR, ~~ept anattonalot"a: desif¢~ted en~m7', oO\1.ilt~,~s~eri~!lg."i , .
•• a re'S'f.ll;~. pt thlsol'de:ri :lli8.t £,tl~. w1th' tae. A.ll~tI.P,tQpen7 Gas'tad!.·'
, '.
cW1Jl"_'~$'
." ?l~~\O,~:,~"'b4 •. alU..,
'~ogeth8r w1tha ire,~~~~8:t :·for.,~.h~lri~~g, th~reon,>on .1t()Jl\Il
4leu~.,,+~n ~epe '.tmrs\t~.dateha.peOt~'. Qr.
W:1thJ.ai;'''''Bll
'
'·fu~th~r,.t111ie ~dIJll~
~;:tijJi~"~,.,,,'t.be'Al1emP~p~rt7 Oustod1en.tto~,~t~1~Oot1t'$.~DJ,¢I:,s~1: \'~.,
1"~',~;:o01\'.••:t.te_ ......1onof ~h~e~8:tt!ritQ... ~1i1ty ~r' rilgritto;al1o~ee
df.,' .ueh old.
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.' . "'~j.~J""'~~~~~.~ "de~gnat".~~f .c o"trytt: 1ll14 'baa"ne.sen~e~~.~
W1thUl,th~bt'.i:;~te.' a.llse4be~ • 8h~1
'hetl$a:IQ';'o£"Stit4:;'lheUUYeO~e:r.·
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'f••MngtOn,tl~O. on
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ha:9. the aeau~ng" pre.cnbe4 ill
\)(,tQ'oQ-~ ~oJ
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1942.
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" Al!:eJt'}?O,e117 <Aasit)t)d~an
DUPLICATE·. ORIGINAL
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OCT 2 2 1942
T(:!
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L.6o;:_ff .2p·1)t'ir~.
Inc.
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580' il1~l ;::. tr":_:et,
IC~~[l~rl1.Y-," !~Tevti/:~' cr say'
S
i'f."!I" .1~!::(;O·~';"!:r~.e11dirlf; th.t~t
:"~~
vest a.1J. of the
of' 50" 311~il"es
s.t~,0ck cor~5if;tir~C
'of:, tl~e:~' }~tloli"f
:~nc.
,.
:i!::.r\~,:3S
~ t;: 1:' 88;/,
SIJH.res
1.
zl~al"8
r:jJ":d~ a·2_0D.~(':~.s' f,G
1'villo~:!,. :~'. "11a:r~r
/.:y3 sbnres
6"
sri"t;.er;" ;;,~,r!d
£lfI'iecle"
0
~'~()lil '~ci"
1:~d()lfi~"l~.G., :]~e;ltli~ge=l~ ~1er:;-~2h:/-"
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,,~,/"1;:~.~(::~:: ,chf!.t.".:. .; ... rL_-,·_..~~t;.,-o!" '''.'' t"f; ,-"-,..~,,,.J(;].•;".;_ purs,.ant
:;:;j~.gnS',:~~~,. ~~f:~~:/~;tj~:l~~~.~" ~ s~:~,~ny)
<;..~8, .:;,~~.,.).,:;~t; to ..
to s8!,::·ticri 2. (fl) 9f
ti'."8 Cl'd.or
.,
Di;r~L5.i{)n°
HOD·::;;r J Oll13S,. Cflief
of, ,:Irl'.r~sti[~a;tio::1 rill,]
/:.
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TteSf~·?TC'!l'
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EXAMINEH'S EEPORT
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. BUSINJ~SS t'NT,El\PRISli! S·EGTION
l?IVISION OF; nNE~TIGATIOlfAND· HESEARCH
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October 16, 1942
NAME AND ADDRESS:
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Adolff Bobbin Company, Inc.,
580 Elm Street,
Kearny, New, Jersey
PRESENT STA TUS:
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The corporation is presEmtly engaged .i'n normal, operations and is
not under.Treasurysupervisicn nor have its accounts been blocked.
NATURE OF' BUSINESS:
The company ma.nufactures compress'ad pa:per bobbins which are sold
to the textile trade in the United States and Canada. Prior to
the outbreak of the war the company imported the bobbins from
Germany but since that time has manufactured them at its Kearny
plant. ];/
CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL STRUCTURE:
Adolff Bobbin Company,Inc., was 'incorporated under the lavvs of
the State of now Jersey' on December 7, 1932w:i th an autborizod
capital of $125,000 of which there has beeu paid in the sum of
$5000 represented by 50 shares capital stock of ~~lOO par value.
The last annual audit of the company's books November 30, 1941
shOV'rs assets of $18,728.28, current liabilities of ~~6565.53 stud
net worth of 012,162.75. A copy of the balance sheet'is attached
designated as Exhibit "A". The. corporation's accounts are audited
by sta.cey M. Miller, Accountant" Arlington, New Jersey.
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11 . and Bradstreet report. Notes in APC file D-28-2678.
Y Notes from Stock Hegister of Adolff Bobbin Company, Inc.
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file D-28-2678.
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Financial sta.tements - APC file D-28-2678.
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houvrer September 11, 1942.: APQlllle', D-38-267~
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Y Ibid; and notes from Stook Register.
I2L Notes from Stock Reght,er, supra.
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· . ~~;. ~~i"""" ..:r,~p"r.~~.:urp·~,~ (~.ll~':JQ~~ted~,:~t~:t~,~y"a,.:::r.ta[YI"iJii. !P.Qit9Pe.r::· ,;
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. J:.ianediately upon, his return in Octobe:t: 1939: he applieq .for Amerioan
o.t;t;~Z!~'lIh#::~h\~C;:~,.f~,~~i:v:~9-;:." !li!l,fi'r~,~;.-;pa'Pf9;rs.$:fr'~::.~h.~:;.9'?1irt;, of.,,; ,"
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ooulci'ililderse'lil/,the::Americanc')market'anii ,. thus establi ih dollar 0 redtts
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.~1i~()~~~~~~~:r-~().r ~i~.ong,\1~4 ,faith~~ >s, ervioe~.•",
~E.v~If\·~h~""'only·'~4o:"'shareiriof stook:~e're' put. 'b,l. Mayer's' na:rne. and .'
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.. )ll<?t;\~t.p~ay~r~:'EI/~.tz;iP:;!~.9!:,Q~~y.J~that ~p~~ q~,~1.tb.~~,!;,~cts~res were
:'r.eiss~~da:h4 the remaining six ElMreS weren9t~:~*~.u~ued 'lmtq ..
J'lme 12" 1~942 when they, wer~'. transferred to~Y~r,t:.~· wife~, W~(,'
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fIn.JulY 1939 i}~~l1s,olieer, '~~~'f::t;i:e,.t!:i.denY;.~9.t',Emil Adolff A.G. ,'W}!ote
to 'Topken,~:\'ihe'$~~wyerarid .a:{:4d,i~~tori;o(!;"A~c:>:lt:f B'obb1D. Company," . .
.Inc .,. direotirig him ,to tt:'8JlSfe.T:the ·,slla~~·s'lilnm.ediately ·toEgues,.~
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rBo.tli~ltt~y~:.;: a.n4i/Eglle.s!';ma.~:p.lnli~j;bat~iEg1J.espa.id May~r
EY ..
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$50 per.
~~
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,
sha.~e
. for the.l3took in mO)1thly illstal1m8nts of $150 eachbutneith~r. C?o'ul,d
. 'furnish any eviden.0e. of paylilent aotuallY,having beeIl:~d~;"They
likewise mailrt.ain , that· the sa1e"fromEgues t,o~~y~r'Wa's on~h~
'·
dli50 Rer, s har.e·. . 21' ......... :,'.f ,.)':<'<, ,~",....' ' ' ' ' .~,.f.· " " " /
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However ,during ~hefisoal year e:iidin'g:"NoVenib,t;,:t.,~19-\1:0'·whil~·Egiu~s" . ,
was P;resident'and owner ofthecomp8iiyXhe~;:dtEJW"ta7s-Jaa:ti;rylfof7;;n14;;;'~' .
$200() and oonDnissions of t330.52compar~dwith . Mayer t s sa-lary'of
.$3900 and oommi,ssi.ons of $826.~31. E:./"
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.UNl!ED STATES or AHERICA
',' DBP.ARl'MBNl, OF ·JUSr.lCB
CJFlI'ICE., CF' ALIEH HlCHRTY
f'
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Dr. med. Moses Strauss .
L
) .
Claim No. 40.3.32
Vesting Order No. 985.3
DErERMmATION AND I RETURN
mmm
BO.
3892,
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. llotica ,of,ClaJaVlldar l18Ction' 32 at tbe:Trad1qJ w1th the En. . Act, all
amended., for. the ret\ll'D of· prope1'tJ' ber$1Datter de8aribecl was t$aell' fUed. TbiB
matter ball beaD n.tmS.tted to _ for d.eterm1aatlO1l t&pOIll'ecCllllll8'Ddati01l tor allowance·
by the Chief, Claima 8ect.lon.. ·
.•oticaof Intention to'return the ProPerb7 was pub
l1ahec1 iD the redara1 Re,illtel' 01'1 November 20, 1958, (2.3 Fed. Reg·19049).
Baaed. apoD repartl.~1Imtet1ptiOll, oCIDnltation witb ~ber lDt;erested.
GOV8l'llll8Dt apllOi..; repreeentatiOD1 madaiD the ola:f.llf01'lll ,exhibits ard iD other.
doC\1ll18nts at record, it is ~'., ,. . . , .
,I'
fbe ala_lit" ,.wastbe,DII'D8I' . or the nocaallor· of tba LCMI8I' at the
property described 'be1oi1l1iiae41atelr priOr. to.ft8t1D1 iD or traDl~1I' to the A11eD .
Property CutocU.an or tbIa Att0rDe7l!8D8ft1 aa. IUCcaS8D1' to the aaCutod.1an witb1D
the 1188D1D8 of aeotiCID.' 32(a)(1) ~
'1'lle olaSmallt alld predaOUlor: lDiIIbare.t, if a."., are·
receive a rnVll of ~ ......eotiCm 32(a)(t)~
,
.
.1111b18 to
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.
'1'bul U. DO i ..... ".,.0"111 01olJd.Da, ,~1_'~
atlon lSalllU" wt.tJda.~ _.tt.IOtUn 3.t.){)1 .aiI (4). I
'j, I'riVD til •
pl'DpiI'tJ will .,·'1:11 0....17 to the
1JnS.tllS fietll dtJda tbe -niDI· of
ion 31(.)(S).'
,
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.
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s.at...n ot the
I
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The claimant was represented by Seymour S. Gut1:una.n, Att9rney at Law,
of Washington, D. C. Mr. Guthman proposes to charge a fee of 10% iof the property
to be returned herein. The proposed fee meets the statutory requ~rement8 of
Section 20.
Dr. med. Moses Strauss
Todistr. 2.3
Zurich 2, Switzerland
Executed at Washington, D. C., on
$755.58 in the Treasury of the United States •.
'.
I
~or the AttorneY"Genelal ,
. ~ ()
«->2
1>(1--
Paul V. Myron
.
Deputy Director
Office of Alien Property
I'
.
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58
DEPARTl'~El?r
9619
OF .1UST ICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN FROPERTY
WASHINGTON J D. C.
NOrICE OF INTENTION TO RE.'I'URN VEo"TED PROPERTY
Pursuant to §32(f) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, notice
is hereby given of intention to return, on or. after 30 days from the datie of publi
cation hereof, the follO'lving property, subject to any increase or decrea~se resulting
from the administration thereof prior to return, and after adequate prOVi11iSion for
taxes and conservatory expenses:
'
..
Claimant
Property and Location I':'.'~J,;.'
.
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C1a1a-. !t03J!
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vutua~a
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'Executed at Washingt.onj D.C., on
;",
NOV 13195A.
I bereby certify tbat the within' ~s a
true and correct. copyo! tbe origlnal
'Peper
file i.n tbis of:f'iQ'i3~.
. ''' •.
l!'or t.he Attorney GeneralS'
...:. , ( " V ' ; ' " , .
Dallas S. Townsend, Ae;s1/St./SDt'Att.prnfY' aaneral
on
D1reator, Ott1080f .Alien Property' .
I, ~~m~.~
~nt to the Reoords Orrio~r .
Executed at Washington,
D.
C. ,on
For the Attorney GeneraG.
~
':s?a-J2 u~L
Paul V. Myron
.
Deputy Director
. Office'of Alien Fropertiy .
�REPRODUCED AT THE f'lATIONAL -!<RCHIVES .
))$l:>AJ.T}lI~NjI' Or?
O'iiFIGE
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Clai:~
':';0. 40332
Titl8 Cla:Lr:, ;'!c •
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Dock",t DI\).
-
57
. Decision cf Director
..
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i~'<;Q'-"d
Strauss :L1 t~l€
OCT 1
1958
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.J Ot)'{:;3 t N'c • 5'1 Ii' 52
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'UNITED sTATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENr OF Jt5T ICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN' PROPERTY
'.
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ll:l)eH F~~me1meri a/if./fi.'SFtl~,',.~,~. ~,,!.:e!~":",i··'·'~·~4"~!":' .<, DET~Mll'iI\T IO~.. ~IifO RET'URN
.
...
b = m l~'" ;;HJ 't);:;
Max Ferrmeimef, a:jk!a Moses Fgrn1'leil:m~r .)., eRDER NO~ .' .'," Gti
.
G1:atrlr M6'i$8436 )
In the Matter or the
Pa~
Gja:B.im: Noi,
"nat ..
,> " " : '
$8,3034
v~fig t1r'diir lIih 9853
..: '
t: :':
Notic$S of cla·:tm under'secti;on, }2' Of the' Tra:ding' with th~ Enem&:.Acti as'
amended, for the rei;.urn of .p;rop~rty pereina.ft~r, descrlbed -w¥~ titlieli f:l1ed~: _This~
matter has' been submitted. to me, for d'eterrilinat:l.on upon recommendat:f6rl foF al!O'&ance
~.~~~ ~i~~ ~!"~1S:~:~::r :t~~.flf'UN¥ U{t!'~ g~~t~~:rt~W.SPUb-
.
Based upon reports of iIivestigation"consul:tat1:on with ~her inter,ested .
Government agencies" representat'ioi:iS made in' the clairii forms, exhibits arid' in' other
documents of' rec~d, i~ ~~,~:d~termined:<,::;',,_' ,)';',.. ," ,"', I " '" '. '.
The clalmants:were~':lthe"'owners or·the:successors of the QWllerof the
property described below, immediately: prfOrto-,vestfng itiOf traHst~r' t;O' the. A:ihnt.
Property' CUstodian or' the Attorney General ascsuccessor to' the' s'aid custod1a:h wit'hili
J
the. meaning of section 32(a)(1 )'.:, -. ' , . : " - < .,' ,~.
The clailiante and' predecessor .:tn ~~'er~st', if ariY~"
. receive a return" of property under section 32(a)(2);.·
,', .
are
,
...
'.
....
e1:l.gible' t'o
_
Ther.e are' no' issu,es respecting .clos:~ing" . ro~ltr' adjus'thlent or~ r'enegot'i:'"
ation .lability with~ the meaning. of s'e'ct1.onJ2(~ )(J)/and (4).
"J... ,;' ....
A return of the property will- not· be.· contrary to the interest . ' of the'
llhited st~th,e.S!:;h~~~he~~:a~~~~."Of,.~~cdt~riA'.~~~a)d(~:",,_ _
t" T<O:'
... ,:,
1.' e o~...ma:u",s were;, ... epreseIt"e·· "'11
~....-e. Ji;L's-ger j I:JOmlBEh::Gl' a· ,lP'W j e:1.
".1. .
~OO west fi7th str·eat. ~w YO:Flt.:,~~ New Yei'lt•. '~. Pfa.~er pr~osel to charge a
:tee or 10% df tJie v~lU:e
the propiH'it tel' se f'etu.rtled J::ul!re&n. 'lihl prbpdsed tee
(if
.
J
. meets the stat1iltory requiremenfis'.;Urider Seeti.on 20. .
Uppn thebasis:orthe :forego:i:ngthe . claim S Ue here'bya iowecl"and'lT,. IS~
ORDERED.that .·the. property:'describedbelOw'bereturr!edi -'subject:to<~nffincr~a:se -9)r',
decrease· resulting from' the administration :therecif priOr toreturriJ "ancF:e.fter.l ade~ "
quateprovision' for taxes',and,conservat0rY e~enses;':'
.1
8a~1. ~6
PaUlA' U n c i t ·
31,
in tbe 1'reMt.11.7 of the ti1ti t$d S:e8us.
Lil'loalh lilQGe
BrodOOin, 16 New York
Alber't FerMEd-m:el",
Rama th Ga·n
Nci. 16
!srael
Ha:tC'~a1
Ilk/ a
ShlolTlo !'er:n.beimer, $25i;M iil the Treasury of the Urii tedi' states
St.
Max Fernhe:i.mer, a/l!:/a :Ml)seS Fernheimer,
GiT~tein NQ. 68
$2,1.86 in the Treas1lI7 Qf the trnited states.
Rosenstein st.
Israel
EXecuted at WasbiZlgton, D.C., on... J~\i\j
, : ..
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Pa.'l:lJ.·v.~·
,
DeputY' nLre
.
Office of Alien :Pro· erty
l
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0
�OFFICE OF . ALIEN .PRO~TY
t".,..
WASgiNGfuN
I '.
D~ ~C ••. '
.pursuarit:to.g~(f')Of:tht;!rrad1ngw1th theE~~ Act l ;.as (~~dl notice
is hereby;g1ven ot~~ent.1.ontQ.re~rn., OXl.Q:r;,atte:r 30~s'f~m~h~',4a.~,!#~bl1- ,'"
cation hereot'l .thetollmring propertYI" sp.b.1ect. ,to a:rJ¥' increase, or. dec~Efser~~t1ng
from, the a4ministration thereof prior to return, and after adequate pr]iSion'tor
taxes and conservatory expenses:
. CJ.a~t ,.
'Prop~rty and tcic~fl.oh" .
.
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"DEPARTMENT" OF.JUsTICE
OFFICE OF' ALIEN .PROPERTY
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. In. the Matter of the Claim ··:-qf·,;l~,
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Jeal:iette . x:raemer and·
Ida' sternau ,
Claim Noo 46258
Vesting orderNoo 9853
----------------~------------~-
Dlill'ERNINATION AND Rlill'llRN
ORDER ,NO. ---=:.c.c.O~+-__
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Notices:of Claim under.sectioIi,:;320fthe Trading with the Enenw Act, as
amended" for the return of ,pr.()p.~tyher.~inafterdescribed wer.e t*ely tiled._-This
matter has· beensu1::mitted to me, .fordeterminE!tionupon recommendat~on for alloWance
by the Chief, Claims, Section. Notice' of .. ~ntention ,to re.turn the ~foperty was pub- "
01
lished in the Federal \R.~~;i~~~~,~: ,:~tO~~~,:2,6:.\~57, (22, F. R•. 85
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,Based upon reports of investigatiol').,consultation witho~her interested
. Government agencies" representations made in the claim forms exhibits and in other
,documents of record" it is d~~:~~ne~:: " . ",.," " .,' "
I. '
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' T h e claimants were~\'tJje ·aWnerS ..br the "successors of the ownerS; of the
'property described below imm~.diatel;y' pr.1or to::iTesting in or transf~r to· Alien '
the ,
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Property Custodian or the Attorney. General as' sugcessor to the said Custodian within
, the meaning of section 32(a) (1)'.;":
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The claimants and predecessor s,in interest" 'if any, are
'receive a return of property under section 32(a)(2).
eligible to
There are 1:10 issues respecting cloaking, rOya1tyadjustment'orrenegoti
ation liability within the meaning of section 32(a)(3) and (4)..
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, ' , A return of the property will notbe c~ntrar1 to the intJrestof the
United states within the mea~in~{~of section 32(a) ($). , "
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The c1.e.imlints were represented by Henry Wimpi'heimer, Attorney at ,I,iaw"
of 200 west' 57th street, NEiw York City, New York.. , Mr:'. -wtmpfheimer. ~r?poselS to
'charge a fee not in, exces,s. of 10% of the":prope'rty to ~ereturned hereJ.n. The
_proposed fee meets the sta,tutory,requ1rementfl of Sectl.on, 20 0
Upon the basis of £h~~'.:r6regoirlg>th~':';~l~:i.m~. ~e ' ,'hereby aJllowed and IT IS
ORDERED that the -property described belov{'be :l:ieturned" subject to ~ny increaseor
decrease resulting from theadministratioritlier:eof::p~ior toreturn"I! and after 'ade
quate prOvision ;for taxes and coilservatory expenses: "
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. Jeanette Kraemer
" ' $ 3 7 7 ~ 79 in the' T;reasury of the um ted states. '
cJo Fred Kramer
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8th Avenue North
Highland Park" New Jersey
Ida sternau
Beth Horim
Monteffore
.JeruSalem, Israel
$755.58' in the Tre,asury of the United St.ates.
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, ElCecuted at Wlshington" D. 'C .. ;'on
NOV 2 $1957
For the Attorney General
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DEFARTMENTOF JUSTICE
.,: oFFICEOF"ALIEN
FROPERTY
WASHlNGitori;, D~\d·.
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NOTICE OF 'Ii~cm !ro': RE'lUl~f;~STED FROFERT!'
Pursuant to 032(1') o1'tbeTra.d1ngwitb. ~ Enemy' Act, as
notice
is hereby given or intenUonto;.return" ,on ,or .after, 30: .wsrrom the. date of publ1
catioribereor·,.tbe.ro:U~il1S,'prQp.rty"
't<!> "
i~d~e.~~ :or" ciecii"'eti~e :resw.tins
from the: adDii.'1.l1,stl'8.ti~n .;tbe.',re,'~or, ~'l?#~ortoie.~1#.n:'~. e;rt~r~·#~~~ua'teJ'pr$V.:flljS'10U ~or .
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taxes and conservatory: ~xpenses:'
,subJ'e'c{ aw
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Cla.1ma.nt
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Montef::l.ore
. Jerusalem, Israel
E:lCecuted at washington, n." C.on
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For the Attorne.y General
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Office of Alien Property
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,.;, .,:.:,i.::DEPARTMIl:NT.Jt'J:uS,TIgE
. ::'CFFIOE OF ALIEN; '~RpPERTY
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In'the Matter crthe 'Clairi/b:{
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DETERMINATION AND RETURN
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,ORDER NO. i3=32=O+-,_ __
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Nctice. cf ClaiIi1s under Seotion 32 cf:the Trading with the Enemy Act I as
amended, tcr the ~t1lrn cf p~cperty hereinart~r descri,be,d;,.,are tp..m~lY fhed'.
This matter 'has been submit;,:ted"A;o "me f,cr: ,de,term.i:riaticn upcn, reccmmendaticn. fcr
allcwapce by the Chief,'Cia~sSeoticn~'"'; .'.:....... "
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l?a.sed upcn repcrts cf· investiga.ticn,ocnsul~a.-ticn with ctll~~ inte.rest~d '
Gcvernmenta:gencies, re'presenta:tio~s m8:de' in ''the olaim fcrms , exhibit,S and in
other docum~hts cf re cord'i~;~~":;;fs;;(ieterrninedT " ';;.' "
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The cla1ma.n:t 81i
the, cWtler IS ~,cr t.~~ :.~~~o~ ~s,Ors cf thel cwner,S cf the
property; described belcw immedir:rtely pr.icr;~o~~f!tirigin cr tran~t~r to. the Alien
PrcPEl;rty Cust;cdian cr the, AttcrI:\ey GeI:le;-13:l;:'~s suocess.cr to. the, sa~d Custcdian,
with:i,h ,the m,eanin~ cf Seotion"32 (a) (1). ,'<
. ."
The 6laimant Sand predecessors' in interest, if' any; are
reoeive a return cf prcperty i.:tn.der 'Seoticn 32(a}(2).' ,
.
elig;ible to.
There are no issues respeoting OlCaki.i.lg, rcyalty adjustment or
liability within the meaningcr-SectiQ!,!- -32 (a)(J) and (4) ~
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A return cf the pr,cpert;V:will not be ccntrary t,c the int.ere .t. cf the United
States..with:L,n:. t#E:l IIu9AAj,Ilg, q£ ~9.~i.,on 32(Ii)(5}. ~.. , .
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'these. 'Claims. ;,#1Th8(.prapose<r;'f'ee"meets:·tbS'·ri.i.tutQrf:1Jteirs1r-.at.s'of!xSection>2o.
o~ '~. ;O~gOing.· .iaima'~' a1jow.~
the
hereOr
and lI-1§
ORDERED that the property desoribed below O!3 returne,d, subjeot to. any increase
cr deorease result:i,ng froxn the administrat~ontherecf prior to. r~,turni and after.
'. ~~~q~~,~~,,~~~y,i.sicn· fcr t!lXes ~~o.ons,e~at.b~,exI?~nses:, .. '
¥:I.p:/Lowtr;thaJ;:
r' 'ell.33n6'\ in/,the;: Tre'asUry ofthe~),liTRited ;States •
upon the basis
I·.:
600 Wi;' :t.57th' street
.·Ne~'yori<.a2\;';;·NeTl'·York
····~'4<No~;;45963
')~.~)~Derg
, "P3l{!.I861iliStreet ..
. . . . ~~~._~~~~~ New York
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,s'~}Uj'rM8nael
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, ,Brbh~;":.. " York .
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OF1'ICE·OF,;.Ult·EN ,P.ROPERTY.
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15:, 1944:.1eann.&,Bi .vn,H~a't~,Q~:tobt'~ 7;,.",:1:94a~. ~d .~. ", .
coq1qil.d~ted.Sep.t~e'1i'~8.·l:942,,;'~i:'e~. ~.e'~~tteQ. ~oprc?:tlate if, f'ro;-· .
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. ~1e4~n Feb:ru~
. .bate Court, Dl..stri.ot of Ne~ 1i£l.:veIl"CopnectiO\;i:t;:. on Atlgu!itl~,.194t:11~. Ulide-r: "
th.~ te.i'm8 of 'the-.111, none of the ,hef~lJ.at~~a,~ of de:oedentreceived I?oll¥ ".
:l.nterest, '1nth9 Estate, ,V'~lued ,at' $80.,000,.00.;.. th~. entir:e,estatebe~n,g.be....
queathed.,and ·dev~~~d,.;tO .str~g~~s •. 'The;~~~~~~t';~~l!;i?:QnSd.s~~(l:~f.·:46· ,second'
:o~:~n 32 o£whDmw.rer..,~e~.'
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". ". .' Som.e of the .sec~nd":~b.u~ip:s' reSio,j.:.llgin this. CO Wltry interposed o'b- . ' .
jeotionsto theprobating:lol'\tli~ :'Will '~n: the:·(grouxi:dsthat Benj~ixl.Silv~l1ili~u.
l'iasnot .of sotindm.;.nd at the tim of it S,' execu;tion.· In' order to' a.void : a .
threllten~d c6rJ;te~t of tbeyii:l1, e.nllgr.ee~nt'
rea·che9. ~el'.eby. so~ of the
legatees and devisees Under 'th'e~; wtll agte·edtopayt(.)'t;he beirs-a;e~law' of'
the deceal3ed~ out of t!l~,1r,;:,o~:~Wr~oD:e;i":'f\lnd~J,.t~esum ,of$S5"Oool60., out of .'
Which .$20,OOO.OO·was ·earn,larlC~d:,foi.-· 'at~rn~ys,tee~ ·.a.nd$l,QQ<).do .f9z:' 'f)1rther
~xpenses., Arthur, Kle~n,:' 1?9 .ChurcllStreet~·1,lew liav;e)D., Conneeti·ou1i. 'wa.s
.
~ppointed bytbe Mirs rel3idingin t~ 1JIl.i:t:adStates as age:nttoclistri:bute., .
th~net 'f\mds;" :alilOWlting ~o $,34,.'ooo.ao, to· th13 .46s.econd coUsins 6r. -tile late .
hhj8Jni.nSil~rtb.*'~." 1'lie··settle~n~contr:act isdllt~d ··August··l•.·~944!'.••...
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..'............•.. ~ter;an ill'm,8.ti~~tionco~duqte.d· bY~II~at~s~~.·'T~'\l:8ts,~rsfoh,it •.,,~. . '.~.
. ~e;t&~Xled . that th~.sarsrt)~ment .wasapri.vat8:mat~rb.e~\'I~um''l;tteP~rj;ie~" 'VVtU... ~ ..•.
... .!"QUl~P:9~.· ll1 ~ny ~;f. ,f1f:)·o~th~ .~~s~t~ 5~r .~h.e ~,tate(U,ldt,hattileit,>a~lJt ~f}
.t.h,e ;f-!m.da ltothetie1:.ris.'l":lLto-law,undtlr. t,tie'agreement: ~~ 'AotUlldel"juQj;9~{lJ.·
. '::~;~~~~~·i:~~;!~r::~·;~~~~~~~;~l4:"t~,1~~~~l:~ . .•
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·.1IP~~~<$e:rl!~~:9"~;n,~o~l,,he., r.~p9rtedtJ;!.e.~·ne'~sh9~~j;p.g:~ne~fl~~•. of; .... .
'. $9;822.~~~1 4.uch;~~t~"M;~~.~~t~j5~~#~~;~~?ld ~~~~u'j 'I;l~.Dttd8'· ~ .tn$:~o~4!':;' .' . ' .
re&id9nthei,~st.,ti llo'fVttiom;'We':-e Qiti~enis;<o£'Ge~~~' ~ Thl.sO~1~tl»3';·
letters' d~ted, .i!.1,lg\1st 14~,,194Q9.pdJu;~Y;1~ 'i19M.'~~~P~.9tiV~~Y~i' ~~~~
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~Ei~\;~~i;o~~~of~~i:;#~~~Jfs~::~~:i;~;t~~~:'.~'::~~:;~~~f.~=~I~. : ........."
Lena Koc~t· Bronx "; 2t},.,. ,Ne~:' !{ol';1t. ii~:N~.·: Y6rlci"'·~~:r.ti1;;~u~hp'1l¢", 'Joh~&~~.~~,~ .
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.• i;:Yii;xr~Ar;t;hur.'K~8in.'dSs;ioW;in.>!i'Po;~lJ~~sion,of. $6.80o.20:~ held for di!s:O;, '
t,ril:11.it1on. to~e rC!llo~ng:·p~r~d.n'lf{i.il· 'ot'.~om -a:rer~s~d~rit$and' cH~zen8
:bt::'Ge~y. ' Baf'l'l8ird:g,\BlumelJitll8.!L'.i,'O~:L$ilVerthau;,Alber,t S1lyeitt!,au, Tille.
Loe:wenthal ;Bernardist.rii~.· ;ea,l!.:iD:e~nsi~ili.~,,'lItfa~rgotOpp8nhe iiner,.Joh~ ","
!U;nd1i:betger.
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Sflr.F.a~~imer.~d: Gustal~fP'.":"
'j;herefore:Lr.eco.ti.de:d:'·th~t
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the debts oWing to the, aboye;;.iialned " .
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'individuals, 'in the:'eJnountof i6~800.20J ,be vested.""cc6rdi~ly,. ~~lropo8ed
vesting order is .a.ttached for U8~ Wlderthe: simpJif;.iedprocedure;
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,DEPARl\iENT OF" JUSTICE
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vesting Order
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, Germany
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Carl LoeWenst~in
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YargotOppenhe1maP;,. ,
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Johanna
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R1ndsb~rger
Sara, Fernheimer
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Gustel Rapp
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are residentsoi\,Germa.ny and nationals of" adesig-'
nated enemy- Q9~!-Z:y' (Germany) J ' '
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2;; , ,·~t(tlh~'P,r~~rtr;cl,eScri'b~d
a~fori~ ~
" h9Sej:~,~~;:h'"de1;>ts; (or" other ,~bligations
T
owing totheipersonsidenti.f'ied in sub
paragraph 1 hereof. and each of them,
by Arth~",Ja.e:4l" 129, Church Street., New
Ha;treP.,""C(mr:\(:I(r~ic"~,,",.in, the total amount
of $61S¢Q:~:26i"aS' of April".'4, 1946, to
gether with, any cmd ,all accruals thereto,
and
and all rights to .demand, enforce
and colleot the same,
. ,,
is property within, the United States owned or contrOlled
by, payable or deliverable to, held on behaJ.t' of
account of, or ordng to, or which is evidence of OWIle);'loo.
ship or contr()l 1;>1, t.Qe afc:resaid nationals of a: deSig
nated eneJIW country ,(Germany) J.
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or Ion
3., That to the
ext.~~
th:~
,that
persons named in sUbparlgraph
1 hereof are nOt 1'11th1n ao.esignated en~ country, Ithe'
national' interest:o£ the .United States requires that
such pers<1ns b,e",~eated. as nationals of a designated.
en~ country (Germany).
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and it is hereby determ.in'$c;it
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Form A~C-80" page' '2
Revo, 6-2-47 ' { "
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. . 'A~ d~it~~a;~i9n~:.;and., all::act,;i,!>Il: l.'~~Uiit'~ci.~~r~;.. ~Clllding
apprep~t~;cons\llta:b.i9!l.c ~n:l. ci.e:r:td,:~,c~~t$9~).,~y:ing been. ~(;\e and.
taken), and, it being
,
d~med
THERE IS HEREBY VESTED
interest,~
necessary in', the national
dn:the;/I,~:tol:'l:lelYGeIl~ralof:t,J~ ''(Jn~ted' .
States·:~e,pro;perty.'descrj;1:1ed:abQ;v,ef,::to,b~"h.~ld, used,.admin1stered,
liquidated, sold or otherwise dealt' With in the intere.st of and for'
,the b~~it of the United States'.,
:
Thlit ..terms·'Irta.tio~l" : and '. "dlitsigna tEld,ell~my countrytt. as used
herein. shall have the meanings prescribed in section 10' of Executiva
Order9193jasamended~.
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(40.Stat.,,41~~ 5()"U.S.Co App_\l; 55 Stat. ~39, 50 ~.S.Co lApp. Sup.>
616, Pub•.; law,.. 322, 7:9th Cong", ,60 Stat. 50" .. PI,l.b. law 6?lJ, 79th Cong.,
60 Stat. 925; E:O.,:9i95;'·Ju~,Ef;,,1942,7 F.R.;5205, :3 CF~,:-Cum.,SuPp.;
E.O. 9567" J,une 8,.1945j 10F.a•. G9l7, 3CFlh 1945 Suppo; E.O" 9788,
Oct. 14 ~ .. 1~6, 11., ~:~ ,:~~81) ,.., . ' : "
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Executed :at': '.Was,hirlgton;, 1.D. ,'. C., .on
,
Sep tember 1 7. 1949"
For the Attorne.Y General,
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Director, Office of Alien'Property
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.' Attach8d are the Jl11meogl"aphedoop1eS
anAmen~tta'1$stiI4" .
thell~ve-entltled matter. 'fha. same has been prepared in:
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: oontorm1ti withe. 8\1gest:l.OJL ~t81ne41r';: a -memorandUm. to Hellr7: G~I mlkc, ..
.Ohiet, . Operations B:l'en0h tromW~ .E. »OWller•. Cll1et tComptl'Qller~s .Branoh '.' .' .
dated Ooto'ber20, !94'1wb1ch lselso atta~hea •. '., '
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.Order 9853 in
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, IIrs.· 'Spaulding, RoOlll21~A, .W1l1~
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File D-28-l04ll is attach:ed! hB.ll'~t~
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E. Downey
R. E. Downey, Chief, .
Comptroller's Branch
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-28-10411
V. o. 9853
WED:RVS :FAM:eeh
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October 20, 1947
Henry G. Hllken, chief, ' '
Operations Br8:l1cb,,~' ,
MI!:MORANDUM TO:
,1,1. E. Dowey ~ Chief,
'Comptr'ol1er's ,Brallc;h. ;
FROM:
Debts owing to Bernard Blumenthal et also
SUBJECT: '
The ,interest ,of:Albert S11verthaJ'was vested, 1ft the d,~bt
under Vesting Order No. 9853.'
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, In reply ;to9urde~d JllB.Cl.e,fortl,l.e, vested dt?1:lt,~d~:tbse':
,!:e:;;;.,,:~~!:~\~R:,~r1:h~~ti!,f:'~Ni~9~;~~"S~~:~N~--~~~~)7 ,
Connecticut, that 1m error 'h8.s' been made in the Vesting Order'.
, Alber't Sllverthauia,' not a design8:~~dene~ .. ~nnail, ,reS,1dinglin , ,
'~l".IllBllY, L, he havihg ',re,ceiv,ed ',on sePtem,'lber 12"" ",1,,9,4,5', aC,~eck,',f~1 t,he, '
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,sum of lP"r55.55,being l1,is share in,a,cer.tainestate. ,At' the time,
her~celved the check he ~Bld,ed at 8357, - 18th,Street , Kewpardens,
LOngll Idala.ndh,New Iork:~, ~.IC.eill-,has ,~nhis ,possession the
ce e vouc e r . "
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The amount ,of ,the vested. d,ebt is correct and accordingtto
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Mr. IC.ein ah,lould: btl divided equally ~ng the persona in the Vest
ing Orda;" exclusive of Albert Silverthau.'
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In view of the fact that tlie i~t~rest of,' ,AlbEil'rt Sllv~rthau '
in the vested debt'did not exist at the o,ateof the execution of
the Vesting Order it is requested tnat y,~u initiate the proper
act ikon to amend the vesting order. PredicatE)d on;this ~ctton We
can correct our records accordingly.
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File D-28-10411 :Ia, attac:Q,ed hBfsto i9r;rOut- readY,rafere,nce.
/s/W. 'E ~' Downey
W. E. Downey, Chief,'
, Coinptro11er's Branch
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DEP~:OF'J'OSt'ICE,
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Al:IIendll1ent'to'Vest1ng GlIder: 9853
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, Ve-atq orcrer 9,8'3, date4'Septem.ber "17, .19.4rr, !;'B h~tleby: amended
as" :CallowB and' no~ otbelY,i~9'':
BY' de:l.ettng, f!l'/OlIL: 8u~pamsr.aph ,1 fit' sa!'d-Vest1na ONer
9853 thei n.8lmJ>andi adiilTe:&S' "Altbe:r:th S1'lvert-hau, Germa.ny!' •. "
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, All other p~1!aton1f: ot: aatdf V~s~tnsG'rd'ex- 9,a'3; and'. a~l actions
taken b;r or on behalf ot' the, Attorney' Gener-a.itof the' w.n~<:bed States in
.rel1anae' 'tihereon,.' pUrauan:t,~ere:tQ .and under the authori-ty tllel'Elof
are hereb7 raurl!ed:. -and:, c::onffrmed1.,
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f4a Stat~ 4n, 50' U·.s.C. ~p'" l{ 55 Stat •. 839'1 50 U'.;.S~C. App. Sup. 616j
Pub. Eaw 322, 79thCoDg!.".,GoStat.5.0j: Pub'., nawEiV:l, 'r.9tlt,.qonso.,. ,60 Stat.
,92?; E:.O. 9il'93,.' Ji.tiI.l6,~) 1~42, 7 F.R•., 5205., 3 CFR, Cum. Sup~.; E~.O. 9567,
June 8, 1945, 10 F.R., 6917t" 3 CPR; 119li'B SUPP.j; E..O•. 9188" Oct.. 14" 191j.6,
11 F~lh 119811.
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Exec::u:t'edJ at ·Wa'8h1'ngt~n,.: D.C ~1 . c,m. .
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For the At:berMl
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UNITED STATES
,OF
AMERICA
DEPARTMENT of JUSTICE'
,CFF~E OF, ALIEN,' ;PROrERl'Y
In .the Matter of the
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Claim"orc.,r~,
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LlSETrE .KAHN
DETERMINATION AND RETURN
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Vesting Order No.
95~2
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OruERNO. ___
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Claim No. 51201
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Notice of Claiin under Se'cition 3'{of ih~ Tr~dins with the Eneiny Act, as
amended, for the return of property hereinafter described was timel~ filed.
This matter has been submitted to me for determination upon recommendhtion for
allowance by the Chief, Claims Section.
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Based upon reports of investigation, .consUltation with other intbrested
Government agencies, representations l!lade In t~e c~aim form,
exhibil~sand in
other documents of record, it is determine,d:
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The claimant
property described
Property CustOdian
within the meaping
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was
the Jowner
or. the successor of the owner of the
below immediatelzr prior to Vesting in or transfer fto the Alien
or the Attorney General, as successor to the said Custodian,
of Section·' 32(a) (1).
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The -claimant
and predeces'sor
'iii Interest, if any,
receive a return of property under Section, 32(.9.) ,(2).
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is
e]igible to
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There are no 1ssues'respectfug'Cloakihgj royalty'adjustment or renegotiation
liability within the me~iri:g:.;~f::~~c'!;ion;32. (a)(3.Lap.d (4).
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A return of the property: Will not beoontrary·to the interest o~ the United
states within the meaning of Sec:tion 32(a).(5);,
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No fees are to be charged in connection with the
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pr~secution
of this claim•
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Upon the basis of the foregoing,' th~'claim, 'is hereby alloW9 and IT IS
OruERED that the property described below be returned, subject to any increase
or decrease resulting from the administration thereof prior to return and after
adequate provision for t~~s,,~~,:onservat~ry expenses:
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Lisette Kahn
Chicago, Illinois
""',;"~·'J;;'~';;'··$631.84"in 'the ,Treasury of the United States
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Executed at Washington,. D.C~', 'on
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Paul, V. M/2,n I
. DeputyJ)irector I
Office o~ ~lien Property
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Rev. 6.2-47
, ,(.,··OmCEOF' ALIEN· PROPERTY
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1'-2a..S55s..E-l
DEPARTMENT ,OF, ',JUSnCE
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Re:
Bank' account owned,by LisettaStern
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U..d., Ih.....Ihotltr 01 !h. rtad"", with III........, A.I.... am."d.d.
p",...aal 10 law.
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Ord.r 81.,. a. _ ...ded! GIld Eunll...
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1. That X,iset'taSt'ern, whose la.st known address is Cplogne.
Germany, isa resident of Germany and a national of a
des1gM,te.g,:,e~I)~~ country (Germany);
2. That . th~' '.prb:gerty des~ribed as fol~ows:
Th!,!,t, certain delrt .or other obl1gl'l.tion of
Wells'Far€o:Bruuc'&Union~rUst Co •• 4
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Mon tg9J!i~J':~y.;;~:tree~,,:, SEt.n: F".a.n~isco; Oalif?rnia,
arising' out
aSa:iri:ilgsAccount. account
number,E>658l, entitled 'Otto Oppenheimer •.
Special. ,a,nd nrry ande1l rights tp demo.ncl,
enforce arid collect the. s~me,
of
is prope.rt~ within the United: States owned or COi~trOlled
by. p~t.\ble or del1verableto, he}d on behalf o~ or on
account of. or owing to, or which ,is evidence of owner
ship or control by, ,,!-setta Ste~~· the afo,resaid. M.tional
of 13. dodgna,ted eneniycountry (Germnny); '.
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hereby determined:
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That to the extent that the person nF.lll1ed in sub"parngraph 1
hereof ,is,no.t.wi thin a des1gnl'.ted enenW countryl the n"',tional.
inter,est of the United·.States requires th!:"t such person be
treated"as'.'a'nr-·tional 'o~ t).' designated enemy couhtry (GermM7).
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II lI.lat d..med .....harr Ia IIIe ....11oaa1
'lHEIIE IS HEREBY VESTED Ia ..... AIIorft.r a.... ral 01 Ihe UnUad. Sial.. Ih. prope,,, d.acrlhed oiloyo. 10 b. h.Id, lI.ed. ad..lnl.la,.d.
IIquidaled••old, 0' .. !h.rwll,~ ~.a1twl"'.1a Ih. 1aI,."'1 01 au to. Ill. 11.".11101 th. UnU.d Sial...
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til. '1.,_ ·,·..atlonal" ,...... ~:dlIiil.,aa ....'·....mr ·.o .... trr.. •o......d .· Il.rel.. ,.hall hay. Ih. m.a"I".,. p•••• rlbed In •••Iion 10 0/ E.....II...
Ord." 'Iva, GI GIIleded. . . '
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(<tG Stal.· 411. 50 U.S.C. App. I: sa· Stal;' 11., ,SO ·U.I.C, App. S"p. ·..1, ,"'II. Low IU. 711h CO"9 .. 10 Sial. SO; PIlb. Law 671. 79lh CO"9 .. 60 Sial. IZS;
E.O. 91va. filly I. 1842." F.R. 5205. "CFR.-'CifIii,;:Bilpp~1"E.O. 8511. , ..".·•• d.U,IO F.II. 1817. , CFR, 1t4! Supp), £.0.8788. Oct. 14. "46, II F.R, 1I.8U
Elt_I.dal Waahlatto..., D. Co••~.,"
(Official Seal)
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I hereby' certify that the within is B
true and correct copy of the original
paper on file in this office.
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For the Attorney Genera.l
Davi~~~~1?elon, AssisGant Attorney General
DJ.rec~·;~ffice of AliGn Pr'2J~ty~ ~..
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For the Attorney Genera~:
.iiI~.tB:ued.l David /1. Bazelon
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Assistdntttorney p~~ei0'1P.\· .?>,' ~., ~.'3,,,
Director. Offic . of Atle~"\ ~~r\ic.t"t. ,\:\~
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:15557
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"DEPARTlviENT OF JUSTICE
Or'FICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
VLS'fING RECOMf!.lENDATION
(1) SUBJECT: Estate of John Behrend, deceased
File No. D-28-12862; E.. T. Sec. 17025
(2) DATE OF DEATH:
(3) COURT:
Testator died in 1929 or prior thereto.'
Louise Behrend, life beneficiar.Y', died
l-Iarch 24, 1950
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District Court of the State of Iowa, in and for Cedar
County - Probate No. 4937
(4)
FIDUCIAR:~:W.
( 5)
DATE OF APPOIN'l'l1ENT:
H. \V'it,te, administrator with the will aqnexed
Lowden, Cedar,County, Iowa
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(6) ATTORNEYS:
( 7)
January 20, 1921
Casterline ,~: Son
Tipton, Iowa,
DESIGNATED NATIONALS
Names and Addresses
Domiciliary personal represen
tatives, heirs, next of kin,
legatees and distributees,
names Unknown; of Johann Ditz,
(Dietz), deceased, including the
following named persons:
,Description of Interests
l/Bth UIldivided interest
in the n~t residuary
estate, valued at ap
proximately ;A600.00
Hermann Dietz
Luisenstrasse
Neumuenster, 'Ge'rmany
Thiessen ,
Groenwohldshorst
Cismar District
Oldenburg County, GerIDa.llY
Emma
Otto Dietz
Gtuberhagen
, Oldenburg County, Germany
Anni Pauline Dorothea Winter
No. 2 Grosse Schmuetzstrasse
Oldenburg, Germany
Domiciliary personal represen
tatives, heirs, next of kin,'
legatees and distributees,
nmnes unknown, of Ida Dietz,
daughter of Johann Dietz,
Gruberhagen,
Oldenburg County, GerIllaI\V
Domiciliary personal representa
tives, heirs, next of kin, legatees
and distributees,names unknown, of
Joachim Ditz (Dietz), including
the following named persons:
EJ:tma Ditz" Widow of Gustav Ditz,
deceased son of Joachim Ditz,
Kiel-Elmschenhagen,
Schlehenkamp 10,
GermaI\V
l/Bth undivided interest
in the net residuary
estate, valued at ap
proximately ~16oo.oo
-- /31 -
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Bendfeldt,
.
// daughter of Gustav Ditz,
deceased son of J0B;chim Ditz,
.. ' Kiel-Elmhagen 24D,
Bchleher.karr.p 10, :.
British Zane, Germaqy
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Wilhelm Ditz, son
of Joachim Ditz (Dietz),
Gruenhaus!Kirchnuechel,
Kreis Ploen,
Germany
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Wilhelm Ditz, son of Heinrich
Emil Johannes Ditz, deceased
son of Joachim Ditz,
Blumenstrasse38a,
Hamburg, Germany
I
Elfriede Steinmeier,
daughter of Heinrich Emil
Johannes Ditz, deceased son,
of Joachim Ditz,
Blumenstrasse)8a,
Hamburg, Germany
Emilie Eggert, Child of Joachim
Behrend, decease d
Hamburg-Borgfelde,
An der Buergerweide 25
(Hiobstift), Germany
A one twenty-fourth undi
vided interest in the net
residuary estate, value
approximately l500.00·
Johanna Steussloff, child of
Joachim Behrend, deceased
Hamburg-Bermbeck,
Krohnskamp 60,
Germany
Margaretha Schmidt, child of
Joachim Behrend, deceased
Hamburg 6, Nathilden
strasse 2, Germany
Same
Auguste Neugeschwender, child
of August Behrend, a/k/a Gust
or Gustav Behrend, deceased
Hamburg-Langenhorn 2, _
Harnacksweg 47, Germany
S{UIle
Herma Girnth, illegitimate
daughter of Anna Behrend,
deceased daughter of August
Behrend, a/k/a Gust or Gustav
'Behrend, deceased
Hamburg-E}:pendorf,
\tentloherweg 7, Germany
Helga Friedrich, daughter of
Gustav Behrend, deceased son
of August Behrend, a/k/a Gust
or Gustav Behrend, deceased
Hamburg Fuhlsbuettel,
Nusskamp 10, Germany
Heta Behrend Beeken, daughter
of Fritz Behrendt deceased
Hamburg Lohkoppelstrasse 71,
Germany
or
Same
Same
A one-e~ghth undivided
interest in the net
residuary estate, value
.approximately $1600.00
�- 3
,
fur
,;' ;t
!'!6miciliary personal represen
'tatives, heirs, next of kin,
legatees and distributees, names
unknown, of Meta Behrend Beeken,
Germal\Y
ASSETS: Bonds and cash in hands of the' administrator with the
will annexed, valued(at ;12,778.16, subject to costs
of administration, administrator's and attorneys' fees.
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(9) TIP:: OF
V:;~STING:
Right, title and interf3st
(10) STATUS' OF PROCEZDING: Final accounting is
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pending
(ll) PROVISIONS OF THE \/ILL: The testator by his 'last will and
.
'testament, directed that the income of his
property be paid to his wife, Louise Behrend,
for life. She died on }la.rch24, 1950.
Upon her death the residuary estate was to
be di st ributed as follows:
"Atthe time of death of my wife, I direct that
all property remaining, both personal and real,
shall go to the following persons, to-wit:
One-eight to JohanDitz, or his legal heirs, of
Rosenhofer bei Oldenberg Holstein; Germany;
One-eight to Joachim Ditz, or his legal heirs,
of Farve be! Oldenberg in Holstein, Germany;
One-eight to Henry Ditz, or his legal heirs, of
Lowden, Iowa;
One-eight share to the children of AUgust
Behrend, deceased, of Hamburg, Germal\Y;
One-eight share to the chilc::lren of Fritz
Behrend, deceased, of Hamburg, Germany;
One-eight share to the children of Joachim
Behrend, deceased, of Hamburg, Germany;
One-eight share to Marie Gustarel or her
legal heirs, Oeage, Iowaj
One-eight share to the children' of Henry
Behrend, deceased, Tipton, Iowa."
(12)
COI·l;~TS:
Our OVerseas report, dated July" 27, 1950, shows that
the legal heirs of Johan Ditz, also known as John Ditz,
who are named above, are alive, with the exception of
Ida Dietz, who died on August 3, 1947, intestate and
l'tithout issue. Johan Ditz died intestate on January
26, 1931.
Our Overseas Branch has further reported that Gustav
Ditz, son of Joachim Ditz, died l-iarch 1, 19h7, and
that Heinrich Emil Johannes Ditz, another son, died
on November l~, 1928.
We have received a further report from our Overseas
Branch that Joachim Behrend died J:;Tovember 30, 1909,
leaving five children, Albert Gustav Ludwig Behrend,
who was killed in a.ction in World liar I, and .who d1.ed
without issue; Eruilie Eggert, who is alive; JohaMa
steussloff, who is alive; }'largaretha Schmidt, 'fmo is
alive; and Herman Joachim Fredrich Behrend,who was
killed in ~/orld 1/ar I and who died without issue.
It is further reported, that the children of August
Behrend, who is also kno\in as Gust or Gustav Behrend,
were Anna Behrend, who died on September 13, 1915,
leaving her surviving her illegitimate daughter,
Herms. Girnth, who is alive; Gustav Behrend, who died
on Januar,y 13, 1939, leaving his daughter Helga
Friedrich, who is alive, and Auguste Neugeschwender,
who is alive.
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It is reported that Fritz Behrend, who died on
1901, left him Burviving a daughter,
Meta Behrend Beeken, who was registered as re
siding in Hamburg from 1919 to July 191.J. A
bombing totally destroyed the neighborhood in
which she lived, 8.nd it is not known whether she
survived. He is also supposed to have had another
daughter, Bertha Sievers, but it is reported that
she was the daughter of Anna Sievers by a first
marriage, and is therefore a step-daughter of
Fritz Behrend. Her pr ent whereabouts is, unknown.
Ju.J.;y' 19,
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/s/ Thomas H. ·Creig . • Jr.
Chief, Estates and Trusts Branch
Date .
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�DEPARTMENTOF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
Vesling Order
1-5557
Re: Estate of John Behrend, deceased ,
File No. 1)..;2&-:12862; E~ T. Sf!e~ 1702;
, .l&lho',II, 01 Ih. f.adln9 wllb Ih. En....'
all., .nft.1I9allon. II II h.r.b, fo.."d:
II.
1.
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ACI. •1 am."d.e1. E.....II.... Orcl•• 1113. ao a...nd.d. and E__ II.... Ord., " . an"
•
That Herman_D~etz, Emma Thiessen, Otto Dietz, Ann1 pauline
Dorothea Winter , Ema Pitz, .Ilse Bendfelat, Wilhelm Ditz,
a son of Joachim Ditz (Dietz), Wilhelm Ditz,a son of
Heinrich Emil Johannes Dietz, Elfriede Steinmeier, Emilie
Eggert, Johanna Steusslotf, Margaretha Schmidt, Auguste .
Neuges~hwender, Henna ~imth, Helga Friedrich, Meta Behreild '
Beeken, whQse last known addr,ss is Germany, are residents
of Germany and nationals
a designate d enemy country
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(Gennany) ; .
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of
2.
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That thedomicUiary personal representatives, heirs,
next of kin, legatees and distributees, names unknown,
of Johann Ditz (Dietz)t dece,a,sed, of Ida Dietz; deceased,
otJoachtm Ditz (Dietz), dec~sed, and of Meta Behre~d
Beeken, and each of them, who there is reasonable cause
to believe are residents of Germany, are nationals of a
designated enenw country (Gei'many);' ,
..
J.' That all right, title, 1.p.terest and claim of any kind or
character whatsoever of the persons. identified in sub
paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, and each of them, ih and to
the Estate Qf John Behrend, deceased, is property payable
or deliverable to, or claimed by, the aforesaid nationals
of a designated enerq country (Germany);
4.
That such property is ~ the process of administ'ratl.on
by W. H. Witte, ae adminietrator with the will annexed,
acting under the judicial supervision of the Distr~ct
Co~rtQf Cedar County, Iowa;
and it if!
5~
her~by
determined:
Th~
to the extent that the persons named in Subpara
graph 1 hereof; the, damiciliar,ypersonal representatives,
neirlJ, next of kin, legatees and distributees J names
unknown, of Johann Ditz (Dietz), d~ceased, of Ida Dietz,
dec~a8ed, of Joachim Ditz (Dietz), deceased, and of
Meta Behrend Beeken, are not within a designated enem;y
countryJ the national interest of the United States
requires that· such persons be treated. as nationals or
a designated enenw country (Germany) ._. _ __..,..._____~_._
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All d.lermlnaUano and aU aclioft ,-.,,1104"
I w I I dl
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a • nc u n9 apprOptlal. conl..ltalion and ce,lI/ieaUon. ha...lnq be.n ma"e and .Iall.". and
THERE IS HEREBY VESTED 1ft Ih. Allor.,.. Go
I 1
~~f~, ..:.h~ U~~.d b Slal~. Ih. p,o~'IY d••crlbed abo..... to b. h.ld.....d. admhdol.,ed.'
IIqwdall>d. lold 0' olh.,wio. d.alt with In Ih. Tnl...
Th. le,ml "national" and "d I
d
0'
• en.,,1 0' Ih. Unl'.d Stal...
Ord., '19;). a. ame.jed.
•• qllal. ,enomy cOllalry" 01 lIo.d I",ein .hall ha... .h. meaninql p,••c,lbed' ift ••etion 10 01 E••"..II....
140 Sial. U I. '0 U.S.C. App I' &s 8101 . " $II U 8 C A
9Ih
£.0. 918;). My I. 1842• ., r .R: sios. ~ crR. CII;'. &lApp:: i:.o~~·~:'~~~:~·~
Lfo'"F 2.• : 1 ponq •• 60 SIal. SO: Pub. Law 671. 7I'h Conq .. 60 Sial. 125:
bHllled al Walllln910ft, D. C.. On .
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7•• crR. 114$ SIIPP.: £.0. "9'. O"t•.14. 1946. Ii F.R. 11111)
It b.ln9 de.m04 nee...a,y hI Ih. nallonal 1.1.,••1. y
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November It, 1950.
(Official Seal)
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For Ihe Attorney General:
------o-r,
_(.S_l~_.~~~d)~!\~~~~+._v_._MJ~n_a_.~.
I
Paul V. l{yron
Deputy Director'
Office or Alien Property
File c· "
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In the Matter of the Olaim
.
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of
~
ANNEI.TESE NEPP.i:L
L
C1aiin Nt,. 61119
DETERNlNATION AND RETURN
ORDER NO.
3431
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--------------~------------------Vesting Order No o 95318
Notice ,of ,Claim under section' 32 lot the Trading with the Enenv Act, as
amended, for the ret,-*,n of property hereinafter described was timely filed. ,This
matter has been su~tted to me for deterrniri.e.tion upon: reco~endation for allowance
by the Chief, Claims ,Section. Notice of Intt3ntion, to return the property was pub
lished in the Federal Register on JUly ,li, 1957 (22 F .R. 4897).
Based upon ireports of investigation, consultation with other interested
Government agencies, Irepresentations made in the claim form exhibits and in other
documents of record, it is determined:
'
,
The 'cla1martt was
the owner or the successor of the owner of the
property described bdlow immediately prior to vesting in or,transfer to the Alien
Property Custodian o~ the Attorney General as successor to the said Custodian within
the meaning of section 32(a)(1).
,
The claimarlt and predecessor in interest, i f any, is
receive a return of plroperty under section 32(8)(2).
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eligible to
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There are ll;o issues respecting: cloaking, royalty adjustment or' renegoti
ation liability within the meaning of section 32(a)(3) ·and (4).
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A r,eturn
the propert,y w:tll not 'b,e c'ontrary'tothe interest of the '
united states within the meaning ofsection'J2(a)(5)i .f"". ,
The claiman has not been represented by counsel and there are no fees
to be charged or paid. in connection with the" pros ecuti'oIf '01' this Claim.
~ ••,t...
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Upon the b~sis of the foregoing the claim is
hereby allowed and IT IS
ORDERED that the pr~erty described below be returned, subject to an;y increase or '
decrease resulting ~om the adm1nist~ation thereof prior toreturn,and after ade
quate provision for taxes and oonserv.,atory expensesl
,
Anneliese Neppel
Graz, Austria
$342.11+ in the Treasury of the United states.
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Elcecutedat Washington, Do C., on,
For the Attorney General
motOr
. Deputy
Office of Alien Froperty ,
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~RIGINAl
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
. WASHINGTON, D.
NOTICE'··0F' INTENTION·
rro
c.
RE'lURN VES'lED PROPERTY.
.
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Pursuant to 032(f) of the '.Trad1ng:w1th the Enemy Act, as amended,'not1ce
is hereby g:Lven9f. intention to' return',ori'or aft~r 30 days from the dated£' publ1
. cation hereof ,the tollow1ng property,$ub'ject to ·a~ increase or ~ecrea:seresu1t1ng
from the adminis'j:;ra.t1on thereof prior to re~n, and after adequate provision for
taxes ."aDd conservatory expense Si:
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Claimant
.i:i<
. Property and,.·Lpca.t1on;,;;,;.:' ..' .. '
:~t~::j~!.i4 UtheTr.U~Ofr:O.ii8S"t•• '
, Act,
:led.
: allO't\
·Ve:s.t1ng.:Order No. 9538
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Execute& 'at'Was:h:i:n8ton,D:~ '0.;/011
. ·;t.erest
idine
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of the
'he Ali
·dian w
bleto
renego~
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the
o fees
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and rr
reaee c
[i'ter ae
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$342.14 in the Treasury of the United states.
Anneliese Neppel
Graz, Austria
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Executed at' 'waShington, Do C., on
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.AUG 1 51951
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For the J'l.,ttorney General
.,I .
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Paul V •
•neputy· D1 .etor
Offideof·.A!ien Property
�"'~PKUUUCED
AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
Form APc-60
Rev. 12-2-46
. 'OFFICE OF ALlEN' PBOPERL'Y
DEPARl'.MENT: OF JUSTICE'
:~(':',
,
.
,;..
9538
Vesting Order
Under the authority: of the Trading'vli:th the Enemy Act, as amended
)tacuti Ve
Order 9193, ,as amended, and Executive ..()rder,9788, and pur$uant to law, after
investigation, it is hereby found;',
1. That Anna Reinhardt, Ootlleb Reinhardt, Karl Re1iiliardt, Erika
Hase1bacher,
Haselbncher, first name UnknO\Yn, daughter
of Luise Reinhardt' Gysser, deceased, sister Of. EEl F. Reinha.rdt J
nest
decea.sed and
'Haselbaeher, first name
own, son of Luisa
Reinhardt Gysser, deceased, sister of Ernest F. einhardt, deceased,
whose last known 'addresses are Germany, are rQsi~ents of Germany and
nationals of"ad,e,~ignated: enemy country (GerIll.any~;
.
2" That the sUffi",c:f'/,.#,019 .70 was, paid to the .i~ttorn6y General of the
United states by Katherine s. Feltman, Admin1strb
_trix of the
Estate of Ernest' F. Reinhardt, deceased;
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3. Tgat the said-sum .cf$4,019.1l0 is presently in tihe possession of the
At~orney:, Gene,~l,:;?f ,the:Yriited States and was p1fpe~y within the
Unlted states d,wned or cGntrolled by, ,payable or,. dellverable to,
held on behalf' 'of' or on account . of, or owing to, or which vms
evidence of ownership or, control "by , the afores?id natior:a1s~ ot a
designated enemy 'country'(t.Jermany);'
j
and it is hereby determined:
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4. That to the extent that the persons named in sa paragraph I hereof
are not within a designated enemy country, the rlational interest of
the United States requ1r:e s that such persons be treated es nationals
of n designated "enemy country. (Germany).
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All determinat10ris aria all 'action required by law, including e.ppropriate
consultation and cert.1t.ioation, 'having been made and taken, and, it being
deer-led necessary in, t,h?n,?~iOnalinterestt ,
I
.
THERE IS HEREBY VESTED in 'he Attorney General of the United states the
property described abova,,,to beheld, used, administeredi liquidated, sold or
otherWise dealt within tho interost of and for the benefit of the United States.
is
i~sued
This vesting ord'er:
nunc pro tunc to contil the vesting ot the. .
said property in the Attorney GeD;orel' of t~e 't1nited statfs by acoeptance thereof
on }.lay 2, )$~7, pursuant to the Trading with the Enemy kct, as amended ..
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The terms "nationaIS"and "designated enemy country" I as used herein shall
have the meanings prescribed in section 10 of Executive 0rder 9193, as 9mBuded.
S~aft.
~
(40
tn., 50"V.S.. c. 'A,P" 1; 55 Stat. '8SQ, 50.u..s.cf Allp. sup.. 61.6; 'i.:f!9.be .. ".:".
Law 322, 70t~ Conge, 60 stat. 50; Pub. Law 571, 79th Cong~, 60 Stat. 925; E.O.
0193, .Tuly 6, 1942, 7F.R.' 5205.,3 Grn, Cum. Supp.; E.O 956?, .Tune 8 1945, 10
f
F.R. 6917, 3 CFR, 1945 Supp.; E.O. 9788, Oct. 14, 1946, 11 F.R. l19Bl}
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Executed at Waal:11ngton, D.
,
9
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on
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(Officlal Seal)
For the A
to~ey
General
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Dav1dL. Baze16n
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Assistant ~ttorney General
Director, Offiqe of Alien Property
DUPLICATE ORiGiNAL
3978-47
�'-,kG-- ;3i/- oJ<i~
Ottice of Alien Property
, ": ':, Departanent of Justice'
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. TO: '
.&~ '§-,f-l~3
PI-L V09S],
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The Execut ive ,Committee .'
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Estates and: Trusts'; Branch
(File D!-2B-11474; E. T. Seo. 15698)
~,,~
Jurisd1ctionj"'8eot'ion 2 ci ofE.o. o. 9193 as
Source of 'Information:: .,Form ;APC,:",3, :unlessothe
(1)·'
ESTATE:
'(,2) .
COURl':
ended
IWi~enoted
Ernest F.Re1nhardt., deceased
eireu,1tcourt
I
of Wayne\ County, Indiana, INo
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11 ~137'
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FIDUcIARy': . Katherine S. FEtltman, Ad.mlniStrat~11J207 Natlonall;{o~d
(3)
West ~ Riohmond, Indiana·
;~rdiJ.erl
(4) .
ATTORNEYS:
(5)
DESIGNATED COUNTRY:
,
( 6)
,
DESIGNATED
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J:essup,.
.... '
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Her~lngton Be HaworJh, Dickl~son Trust'
Germany
iS'/F:::!_'e:- t· :-:--
".,
NATIO~ALS:
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Ltsr KNOWN ADDRESS!
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Anna ~einhal'dt ~' ""',
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Gotlieb Reinhardt
Karl Reirlhardt ..
Erika Haselbaoher
_____,....,..... Haselbacher, first
.
name Unknown, daughter of Luise
Reinhardt Gysser, deceased,
sister of. Erllest F. Reinhardt,
. deoeased .. '
.'. I
Tubingen, . 'WUertenberg, Germany
Tubingen, W'urrtenberg, Germany
Haslach, Bavaria" Oermany
Karisruhe J Bbden ,Germany
Haselbacher, first.·
-n..,.a:m"'!'"e-.-,ti.nk..,.·!""nown., . son of LUise
Reinhardt Gysse,r, deceased,
sister of t ..:,,":'''' .• ; ,,:, : F.' Re1nh.8rdt t
Ernest
.
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deceased .. "
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Germany
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~~IBLEPROPERrY.
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ANDINTERESrS:·
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.OElsh' ~,~,;~~~"amOUrit ot$4 ~019. 70~
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The tunds are ~'1denti1'1ed as having been paid to the Attorney
General' of the UnIted states' by Katherine S.
of the estate of Ernest F. Reinhardt,
~ltman,
Administratrix"
decease~-to the following
named designated nationals •.
. 398o..J.7'·
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of net estate of
/
~~,185.06
or
;~,026.44,
J28.68 StJte Inher! tance Tax' or
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less deduction of,
~'~7. 76~ '\ ':,'.', ,;"
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heir~at-law
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deeed~nt 1/7th
GotlJeb Reinhardt, brother ,and
of
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of net estate of $7,185.06 or ;~1"026.,44,, less deduction of
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state Inheritance Tax or
~8.68
~~97.76.
Karl Reinhardt, brother and he1r-at-law of decedent 1/7th of net
estate of i,;,'7,185.06 or
~,026.44,
less deduction of
Inheritan,o Tax or, ;,;997'.,7:6~ , ",
~8.68
State
, ' : : : : ~',
Eriklli Haselbacher, niece and heir~at":'lawof,decedent.1/2l of
net estett of
I
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end h. ir-at-law
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of deceden,' t 1/21 of net estate o~ ,~~ ,18S.06'or "342.14.
-
of
(8)
__f - - -
decode~t
Haselbe.cher, first name unknown, nephew and heir-at-law
~~,185.06
1/21 of net estate of
STATEMENT OF FACTS:
or J342.l4.
Decedent died intestate a resident of Wayne County,
, Indiana on June 7, 1945 and K"!therine S. Feltman was appointed
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Administjtr1x of the e,sta:t,e' on !u,ne l4".,1945~'
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Schedule 3 of APC-3 shows personal ~'prpperty only conSisting of
.,.·.r~'
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Cash ~,731.98, three' co~po';ete ,~t:ocks "~ppr~rsed' value $3,950.00
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(100 sha1es of St~wart Warner Corporation, $2,050.00, 100 shares of
Redio clrporation of _rIO.
;a:;·200.00'~~·'2o"·Shar.s of Intern.t1o~al
Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd. ;:/;,'700. ,See copy of Final Settlement)
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and claim against Veterans
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Afun1nistrat1on $450.61.
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The aggregate
value ot the assets be1ngi¥,132.5g.
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A j1nal Settlement {see copy} was filed whioh shows all the
assets;,of the estate reduced to cash.
Receipts were
d1sburs~ments
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distribution.
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372.11 and
�The report also shows that decedent left surviving him three
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brothers and'three sisters.
One sister predeceased the intestate
leaving three children who took her share.
Anna Reinhardt, Gotlieb
Reinhardt, and Karl" Reinhardt ;' ·surviving sister and brothers of
,
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decedent and designated nationals, are each entitled to 1/7th of
f
the residuary estate of .';;;7,185.06 or
" :-," :"".' : . . . . . .
~8.68
for inheritance tax or
.;,u.,026~44,
le,ss
,I
~97.76;
deduction of
.
Erika Haselbacher,
_____ H~.~~i~,;cher; ,first name unknown, and _____
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Haselbacher,'- first name unknown, children of Luise Reinhardt
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Gysser~ deceased, a sister6f decedent, designated nationals are
each entitled to 1/21 of the residuary estate
;)7,185.06 or
0
~42.15.
Under the ,laws of the State of Indiana each of the nieces and
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I
nephews of deced~nt, designated nationals are e*titled to an
, :<'';1'" ..
exemption of , ~oo.oo.
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Therefore, no tax is assbssable against
their respective 'shares in the estate.
The remaining 3/7ths of the residuary estate $3,165.36 less
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iriheritance "taxis' distributeble to a brother end two st"sters who
.r. '
reside in the United States.
-',
The report'also shows all costs and
expens~s
of ednlinistration
end inheritance ·tax assessed against the shares of the heirs at law
of decedent paid in full.
Checks in the s'.lJJlof $4,019.70 representin
,
I
the net distributive
shares of the designatednatlonals wes voluntarFy paid to the
Attorney General of the' United states on WJ.8rch 31, 1947. and
.~,
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deposited in Collection Account Symbol 896-027.
A formal receipt
dated May 2, ..'·i9~7., was forwarded ,to Katherine S. Feltman,
.
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Administratrix of the estate in care of Gardner, Jessup. Harrington
- :3
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and Haworth, .Attorneys J cR1chm0nd, Indiana.; therefore,
tulic~····
should be nunc pro
(9)"
RECOMMENDATION:
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Vesting of the property described in It1em 7 hereof
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vesting
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UNTIED, STATES OF AMERlQA
. DEPARTMENT ,;OF JIJSTICE
", ".;OFF;J:CE ,91 ALIEN PROPERTY
7t:,
In the Matter of ·the Cl:aiil(i.r'of
DEl'ERJlINATION AND REl'URN
ORDER NO.
2f1.bJ
!
, Notice a~of Claim under section 32 of the Trading~th the EnentY' Act" as
amended" for the return of property here~fter described
re timely filed. This
matter has been submitted to .me for determination,upon reoo , endation 'for allowance
by' the Chief" Claims Section.. Notio~of+ntention to return the property was pub
lislfed in the Federal Register on March 17,19" (20 F ..R. 1619).
.
rep~;t~~:'~f1nv~:etig~tion"consultation ~ith
Based upon
other interested
Government agencies" re~,:r:~~~~~.ations::rnade.in ..the claim form" exhibits and in other
documents of record, it is determined:
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The claimanis were " the owners. or the successor 9f the owner of the
property described beloW:l'~E!diately prior to vesting in or1transfer to the Alien
Property Custodian ~,j;,hAiAt~qrney (},en~r~l ~ssuccessor to the said Custodian within
the meaning of section 32(,&):(:1).- .' , . ,'.
, The claimant s and p:r:',edece,~spr ,,:in~~terest, if a1" aree+igible to
receive & return of property Under section 32(a)(2).
.
,
There are no issues respecting cloaking" royalty apjustment or renegoti
ationliability within the meaning O,f s,ection32(a)(3) .and (~).
. A return of the property Will not be contrary to t e interest of the
United states within the meaning of section)2(a)(').
pr.opoeedfeeB'~o ~
,
The
oharsedare as follows: tDdelstein, Zartz & Katz
of South Africa, l~of the value of the prOpertl returned t Mrs. Winkler and Mrs.
MeyerjFreibers & Katz of'":C1noinnati,,iOhi0, 1~ of the value returned to Moritz Engel
and Ida Gutmann; :f..eopo~c1 >~~berger, New: York, New York, ~ of the value of the
property retumed to Rosa ~::=. Those, tee. ,meet the req I _ . of Section 20.
,
Upon the basis,;,of,the,forego1ng the claim s are hereby allowed and IT IS
ORDERED that the propertY:~~c:\E3s'Cribed' b19low be ,returned" subje~t to any increase or
decrease resulting from the' adininistration thereo;f' prior to return" and after ade
quate provision for taxes and, ,conservatory eXpenses:
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Erika Erna Meyer
Port Elizabeth, Union of South Afrioa
,
and
, Kate W 1 n k l e r .
Buenos A1l-es" Argentina
Claim Nos. 57453 and 58316
Gutmarm ','
, ,
Philadelphia, Ftinln8y1VBll1e.
Henry
and'
. "i,c·:'·,;·,", ....
Meta Berg ,,:"1 H 'J :'.. "",;~
Milwaukee, Wisoonsin
Claim
No. 37161 '
BOBa Gutmann. " ,",'.:.
New York, New Y9rk,'
Claim No. 37378', ,'"
Carrie Mar.x
New York, New York
Claim No. 36776
Cash in the Treasury of the
United States "in the amount
" of $1, 731.;8 to each Er1ka
Erna Me,yer land Kate W1nk1er.
.
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,
, Cash in the Treasury of the
,
United States in the amount
of $328.70 Ito each Hem'7 Gutmann,
Meta Berg,Bosa t:lutmtwn, carrie
Mar.x, Moritz Er
' --'I Ida
Gutmann.
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,:
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Moritz ~i·
Cinoi.mlati Ohio
Claim. No. 413Iiq'·
•
'"'I'
Ida GutJllllDll
Cinci.mlati, ·Ohi0
Claim. Wo. 41358·
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Exeouted at Washingtpn",,1;).•
.~
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C.,
MAY 2 0 1955
on
:;',.
For the Atto:rJl81
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.fi1~;'V~~J
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PaulV.Mp'O.
])ePutl D1reot~
. Office of Alien Prdperty
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�UCAtE. OnIGINAL~FilE COpy~~~I~~~~v
UNITED STATES OF' AMERlQA::.., ..',
DEPARn1ENT OF JUSTICE
.
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
.
.
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DETERHlNATION AND RETURN
ORDER NO.
.11ift3
.' Notice aof laim under section. 32. of the T:r:ading with the Enem;.v Act, as
ame1l4ed~Jo,r. the return of propertY'ller,einafte;r d!3,~,9~~~j3d..... timely filed. This
matt!3~. . :bas..})een submi~ted to me for' det·ermination".up·on:~:r.ecommendation for allowance
by the:.Chief~ CIa
ection•. Notice of Intentiont:o·return the property was publi~,h~~'in.trhe Fed
Register on J/IIIIIOIlIl.. . " (.- ..... l6lt"~
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~y,~~:~,;~ :;.,;,~ '!:;.~A~:';: :t~~~~
.
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Based upon eports of investigation, consUltati'orfwith other intere~ted
Governm~ntagencies,
epresentationsmade in the claim form. exhibits and in other
documents of record, ~t is determined: . '
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Claimarl)~",
.. The
the ownert.or .tlie; auccessor·:'of the owner of the
property described bellow immediately prior to vesting in or transfer to the Alien
PrOperty.Custodian orl the Attorney Gene~al as successor .to .the saip. Custodian within
the meaning of section 32(a)(I).
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. . .··The claimanl. and predecessor in interest, if any,...
receive a return of p~operty under section 32(a) (2)~ ' .. '
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eligible to
.
There are np issues respecting cloaking, rqyalty adjustment or renegoti
ation liability withip. the meaning' of :section 32(a) O}::and .(4).
'~~.' cd.ht~~;~'~:?o· ~tfie
A return Oft'the propertYldi;'not
united States within he meaning of s'ecti6n' 32:(a)(5}'~;'" "', .'.
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interest of the
.
,
aaa..... .
DeJNpt8e1 t ... to 1Je ct.tarse4 aft as toU...rlU'·.. ·Ie...~.. raz.u 6 Jra&
of 1Iov.Ua. M)r:toa,. •
. , the 9alue fit __ ~ ret....... \O .....; HaW. .
~JJn'. . • --I at qtpa1m-U,.CIJd.O,. 181· of Ute ftlue ~ to """u 1bJp1
a
ad Ida . . . . ., ~ 1Mt............. Yelt. . . Joztl,: •
fill tile ........ of the
~ ~.
wr.. . . ·........ -.tI/:B _......... .,
cla~.,.
Upon the basis of the foregoing the
IteaUe 20.
hereby allowed and IT IS
ORDERED that the propbrty described below be. returned, subject to any increase-or
decrease resulting frpm the administration thereof prior to return, and after ade
quate provision for taxes and conServatory expenses:
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BJrUra:a.. .,...
hn . ,. . . . . Vld._
.
....
or
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. ....
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aata .... ",.,,:.a 58316
....,
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~;I~~t ~PI:'.... lftB1a
UDJ81
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·OW. JIG. 36176
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1IDl. . . . . . . . Sa . . . . .. .
of' "'131.58 to .... JIIIrtlra
'~f~;."'''' V1MJ••
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.
�, lantnn - Room 305
Or4er NOI. 8046.
and 10276
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
NOTICE OF INTENTION' To RErruBN VESTED PROPERTY
Pursuant to §32(f) of the Trading ''With the Enemy Act,as amended,notice ..
is bereby given of intention to return, "on or ,after 30 days from the d8.teofpUbli
cation hereof, the' fOll.OWing. pr.operty:, SU.bject to any increase I or decrease resulting
from the administration thefe9;',prior ~oreturn, and after ade~uate prOVision for
taxes and conservatory experiJ?e6~,
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Claimant
Property and Location
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�LOI/lUJ/Chlce.go
)
,
TO:
The Executive Committee
FROM:
The Property, Division., Estates and Trusts Sec
(File D-28-2202; E. lr.' Sec~ 3016)
Ju.risd1ct1on;·,,·,.SectiQIL2 efl of :me Oe 9095. as amended
Source of: lnf,ormation;." ,Form APC-3. unless otherwise noted
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Trust under the :"il1. ~f Samuel Gut~, d~cea.sed
(1) ,IN REI
'(2)
Pro~~~e·61~~t of Ham'iltonCounty.
COURT:
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Ohio, clse No.
, 135781
( 3) FIDUO IA.1UES:.
The Central True t Company. Co-trusiee.
4th and Vine" Streets. Oincinnati. Ohio
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Ludwig Stri~er,. Co-trustee,
Cincinnati.~ OhiO,;. •
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(4)
Mr, A. M. rSpiegel, Second National Barik Building•
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Cincinnati, Ohio"::"
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(5)
DESIGN~
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COUNTRY:
Gertll&tly
( 6)
LAST
PaulaKatzenstein:
trno'F ADDBESS:
Gelststrasse
6.1 Eisleben,Saxony.
Gertaany
:Geist8tra~8e Germany'
6.1 Eieleben,
Alfred Katzenstein
Saxony.
,
(7)
VESTIBLE PROPERTY AND INTERESTS:'
,
I
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All right, title, interest
and claim of any kind or cpar~ter whatsoever of ,aula Katzen
stein and Alfred Iatzenstain, and each of·them, in and to the
trnet
.reated,Ull~~ I toni XI of the .'1111 of Samue~ G.1tmaon,
Deceased.
,
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~T,he~p'roJ?ertyand
interests distri'bu.tabte and payable
to, the above, ~edi designated nationals are as f~llows:
. ,'t-"
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PAYla Katzenstein.
)~lece
of the decedent.
Id
legatee
ent1tl~~.t,!t,,$3Q.OO per month from trust funds of $5000.
paY'abie"'c)llt~"'(H'~:orinclpal' 'f income is 1nsuff;clent, as
provlded, for by I tem XI of, the ~'rill. There ,ls now payable$lOO(h.OO.more~or less. ' :
'1
fred~nti6fti:te1n ;Hu~b8.nd':of' Paula Katzen tein, and
entltled
30.00 per month 'from above trust funds,
payable out of' prlncipal':if'lncOIilEi is insuf:q.clent, in
the event of· the death of", said Paula Katzenstein, under
Item XI of the '''111~ ,"
to
(a)
,
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ST.lTlII4lIIN'l! OF FACTS: ,The '1i11 of, the te.tator, ex.
ted Febl'Ua17
to.~~bat~ in the Probate oLrt of
Hamil ton Oounty, Ohio" on,Ma%'el:l ,,10 193a. The T;~ili named
. Hattie S, OO1~,:-.~it. o~,~he decedent, and The O~tral Trust
Oompany of'01nc'innat1', Oh1.o~ as "co-executors and cl-trustoes.
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. 15, 1937,
was
admitted
t,
and they
wer~ JoJn:tl~y
ap?;lolD:ted ,and. qualified as i h on March
10. 193a by. '~he""Prrib~teOourt of',Hamilton Oounty, Qhl0.
,
The'
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said co--execiutors filed, their f:lnal~count with the Probate
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Oourt of Hamilton Oounty,Ohl0'during the month of July, 1939, '
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at which time certaln trusts ~ere set up and administered by
,
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the co..;.trustees under the
above named.
superv~s1on
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of
t.~
.Probate Court
Hattle' S. G\ltma.nn dled Uarch 22, 19
and Ludwlg
Strioker wa~ appointed suCcessor co":trustee on Apr 1 :;0, 1943,
(see letter fro~:O,en'tral T~at Company dated January 23, 1945).
,
Tll;:":f::~ ":~:~aine~"aui~~g other provisional
f0110w1ng:I;:·~.'
"Ca;
the
I' direct my said executJ to PQ
over to my said trustees the sum of Five ~ousand
($5,000) Dollars or the equivalent thereof, in such
securities as they may select from my estate, Which
, '. : ~ ... '
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...',.
-.J..".
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i8 to be .he1d bY' them as a se'Oarate trust
d
in trUift"'(o:p8.1over, therefrom the sum of '/
Thir:tyC; (i$'3(:h'l··Do11a¢,8. each and every man th to'
mY' niece, f.A.tJLA ICATZI!lNSTEIN, now residing at '
Eis1~b.t:l~~i,.~e~~~Y', ~q.8rma;nY, as long as she lives,
I
or"~'~~?;:1~~~:~' !~~,1s e~.sted.~.
"(b) Upon.l.ler del:l,tp.. if. her husband; ALFBJ1lD
WZENSTEIN, be, then alive, . and thererema1ns
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unpai<l anY' balance of said trust fund, the, and
in such even tit is my ·'of1.11 and I so direc t my
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said tru.stees shall pay over to her husband,
ALFRlJD KATZENSTEIN, the sum of Thirty ($30~)
Dol1ars'l)er month out of the balance of sa~d
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trust fund,as long .as,he lives, or until ,Mid
!::!s~:~" shall .~ve b;een fully paid ovel and,
"(c)
"~\h~ 'death'ofbothmy
n1ece,PAut4 xATZEN
her huslJand, W'RED IATZENSTEIN, if
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an;v part of the principal and income of said'
tnllJ't'·fud··shal1.' 'remaill un-oaid. then and in such
event •. it, is my ~nll and 1- direct that my/ said
trustee~p,"hal+ pay over such balance, to~ther
,'with,.the .acc'WJl'\1l.ation of any income therefrom to
'my rea'1,duarY':leg8.teee he~e1nafter named, ~hare
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and., sNire,'al1ke....:'
STEI~, ,d.,.,......."
.~d
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The Trust for PaulaICatzenstein oreated under Item XI
of the ""ill "rasset upon J!'ebru.ary 28, 1939 and payments beginning
.
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with the month of November 1938 through May 1941 were made to
Paula Katzenstein.
.
From June' 1941
..~. ':
'''., <,
t~".~e~ember 1941 rJi ttances
I
in the amount of !.::.~:,~. ,,,ere m~de to the Bankers
Truei Compan;y.
Ne'f York for cr.edit,.to. the ,account of Paula lCatzensteiD., but
. ':"'-:. :P •
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were oredited to the blocked account of ReiChbankdireldtorium, .
Berlin,
_,,:",;~,~.,.~;"'th n~t the IUbJOctmat+ d£
vesting, and,
therefore~ is
this
not recommended for vesting.. (See
.
00'7 of letter from Bankers Trust'
. ,
'L
6o~any,' received
AJrll 10. 1943,
�.:"""....~.4i~"....% '!i..,..,
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Trustees' aocount~), , , " ' ,.'The ,as'seta of, the trust for Paula Katzenstein
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according to
U.S.
-." J.
Tl;Ustees' TM.rd· Acc,ouilt consist of
Trea~ry ~onds in
the
custo~bf
the
Tru~tee8
on deposit with The Oentral TrUst Company.
Account for perlodendlng October., ,11, 1944. )
(See
$~200.00
and $655.01
CO'1)·
of Third
,
All other bene:f'1Clar~es ~de~ the 'JTUl of Siel Gutmann,
. deceased, are wi thlnthe Unl ted States (See }{emorandtQll dated
~,
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March 14, 1945 from. Leon Lacour Drolet'.)
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(9)
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RECOMMENDATION:·~fV~'d·t'1'ng' of the 'p'roperty and interes!ts of the
designated nationals ,,:nam~d in Item 6 hereof is
.
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"'''''>':'','''';f'';
~ R.
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,[,·~,';,
G.
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Arthur
"Scho~
Acting Chlef
Jls ta tes & Trus ta
Section
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�<,
omCE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
" .Vestin'g
.l
RE.
8046,
Order
Trust' under the "Will ,of Samuel Gutmann, deoeo,sed'
"""':":'(J'il~;n.2'6-2202J E.T.Seo.' 3016)
Under Ih. aulhorlly 01 lhe Tradlllll wltA tA. Ellemy Ac.I. 'ao am~';ded. Execulh,e Order 9193. a. rellded. and' Ex.cutlv. Order 9788. alld
pu"uaal 10 law. alter In v••tI"alloll. 11 ',1. ,her.by :lound"
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1. . That pa'U:~:~',J{ji~:t, 2:~,~~te~.n, .a,nd,Alfre, d Katzenstein'~Whose
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last known...~dd~esa is,Genno.ny, are residents 0' Germany
o,nd natiom18~fa designa~ed .~nemy oountry ( ,rmo,:rJ¥h :
2. That all r1",ht,'\i tl~,"interest and olaim ot ak kind
, e . ' - .
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or oharo,oter whatsoever of the porsons named in sub
paragraph 1 hereof in o.nd to the trust oreo,tedl under I
the' will of S.~el Gu~•. deoeflsed, is property
payable or deliverablo to" or olo,imed by, the fforesnid
nationals of a designatod enemy oountry (Gennnny),
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3. That suoh property is ,in the prooess of o,dmini~trntion
by The CenttalTrust company and Ludwig Stri oker, as
C~rustees, noting under the judioinl supervi*ion of
the Probo.t~;,C'oUrt ot RflJidl~;nJccunty, Ohio, ' I
and it ia hereby dO~~:~:~',., ;, '/"':"
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4. That to the 'extent that'the persons namod 1n ~bparagraph ,l:h.e~e'ot:·'a.I'$ 'not'Within a designnted I '
enemy oounti7,,(,·:the national intf:Jrest of the United
states requirea that suoh persons be treo,ted nJ
nationals of 0, designat~d enelD¥ oountry (Gennnt).'--------~
....
All d.lermlllcitlolll cmd aU aollon required by' law. Includlnv approprlale' con.ullalioll and C&rIUlcall~I\, havlnll been made and taken. and.
It belli.. de.med nee•••..,., III tA., national IIII.rell.
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THEBE JS·HEBEBY VESTED III tAct AHo....y Oeaeral 01 the Unlled Slal.s Ih. properly described abo".. 10 b. h.ld. used. admlnlsl.red.
Ilquldated. .old or otAerwille deall wltA III th.lllte...1 01 ClAd lor Ihe ben.11I 01 Ih. Unlt.d SlerI...
fte lenni "lIallonal" GIld ~·d••I\'IftCIII.d~';.nemy",counlry" ai, ,u.... herein shall ha". Ihe m_nlnlls prescribed In .ecllOIl 10 01 Execull"e
Order 11193. aa amended.
"
(to Stat. 411. $0 U.S.C. ApP. 115$ Stat. 839.50 U.S.C.. App.,Supo' 616: Pub, Law 321. 791h COIIII•• 60 Sial. 50: Pub. Law 671. 791h Con"•• 60 Sial. 925:
E.O. 9193. July 6. 1941. 7 r.R. 520$. 3 cn, cum,• h, pp.: E.O. 9567,,'un•. 6. 1945, 10 r.R, '691'. 3 cn. 1945 su PP .,\ E.O. 8786. Ocl. 14. 1946. 11 r.B.1l981,
Ex_ted at Waabillvton, D. c.. Oft',,; : i",',.:Tuual'Y 21.:
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194'7:
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(Official Seal)
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HALD C'I CoOK, Direcfor,
Office of
Property
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, OFFICE OF :ALIEN PROPERTY
"DEPART~OF' JUS,TICE
'vo~~ing br~~r"', :9703
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,)~.p,.,: Bond ond mortgngo, senior
, "'"~'-"';t.l.!;,:/,; .. ?~r,ti~~po.t;:p.g intorost in
- " 'bond find mortgc.go.. proporty
insurnnco pq~icios andclatm
':; "'u; ,1~:,>' m'lnod by Charlotto Uuh1<Jr"
";";;if\.:).~O ,krtO\'m"i:.s J.fl::.rgorote
''''~Chc.:r1()tte IJuh1?31~, o.s Charlotto
, L!. Woi'ss '. ana '• e.s' rJlo.rgo.rotQ
'
, ',::; Cho.r1o¥to :'!f~~ss',
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Under tho .r.uthorH;y of the Trhding with tho Enemy .J).ct, ::'.8 nmondod,
9T08, nnd pursuo.nt
"
~tocutivo Ordor, 9193, as emondod, nnd Exocutive Ordor
to lo.w', r;.~er invostigntion., it, ishoroby foundt "
,I~~l?r~.·;G,~~? ~nPY'rn
1. That Charlotto
Q,s iiUrgarotol Char lotto
lhthlor, o.sChp.r10t~e lI~ ,WOl.SS ~nd o.s Unrgo.roto Charlotto
Weiss, '\oiI'hoso"lo.st kll~W,:,c.d~:ro~s is Goorgstrnss~ 20, (14B)
Rr.vonsbUrg!«ttbg., GormtillY,is. a rosidont of Gormany und
0. na ti onnl 0i D.~·cios1 gn:i tod,onomy country (Gormfny);
2. That
thQ'.rp~BE;~'~,,4es~r.~b~d. as
,follows:
0.. .4 mortgago exocutod October,,3, 1923, by
Adolphus,,'Brob(;)rg r;nd, Aifrodo. S. Broberg, 11;i8
wi~(),:;t~1~,~~y .. C.:;~vis~n,:;,c.nd rocordoQ, on
Octobor:'4,,).923, 1n, thQ,Offioo of tho Reg~stor
of Kings Coun:t;y.N5J1'v Xor.k, ,~n Libor 5501 ~f Mortgt'.gos I
at po.go l6~, nnd,a,ny {~ndi:i.ll·obligo.tions so
oured by so.id mortgago:, including but not llimit
od to (',11 socurity rights in flnd to r:mYfllf'd all
collctoral (including 't;ho nforosf'.id mortg,go)
for r.nyr.nd f.l~ s,':l,?h obligt\tions c..nd tho Ji'ight
toonforco r~dcolloct'suoh obligctions, nnd tho
riGht to possoss;qn of <tihQ, r,j?oros(,id mortsngo '
and nll notes, bonds c'Ild' ,othor ins trumonts
ovidon.9tng" such 9b].igr.tions, , "
I
b. The
S~~ior,~;.rti~ibt'.ting
intorost in r. mort
cc.Goto'~h(J' extent OfO,2,OOO.Oo,c:so~A~lril 1,
1947" vrhl:ch ,'mortGc,go ViC,S,' o;~::;cutod on.t.prljl 14,
1927, by VillccnzO Nc.vccnd Giusoppir4 Nr,;vn, his
",ito, " to Titlo GUc.rcmtoo c~d Trust, 'Compdny, r,nd
' . "
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rccordc'd ' , ' . J.pril ' 15" 1927 I ,in tho Offioo of
'on' . '
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tho Rogistp,r of ,Kings' CO,unty. :How York, ~n
Libor ,:'6688 ,ot Mortgo.cos, 'o.tPo.go 331, (.nd c..ny
('.rid r.ll oblige,tions socur'od by tho cforoJo.id
intorost in srdd mortgr.go, including but 'not
limitod to all sQcurity r:igJ:J..ts in and to any lmd
0.11 collr,taro.l (includillgtho aforosuid :qlortgo.go)
for cny (,nd 0.11 such obligctionsc.nd tho /' right
to onforco find oollect such oblige. tions, e.nd tho
, right topossossion of a.ny ~nd ,all' :notos¥ bonds
a.nd,othor instrumonts'ovidoncing such obligntions,
I
," "
I '
o. All right, title and'interost of tho person l1D.lD.ad
in subpn~c:grc.ph'l, 'in' nnd to' tho followihg in..
surnnoo pOliciosl'
'
4701-47
nllPllr.AT~
nRln
�~/e
'f7.:'.
..
~_ _.;;.....!P.oli~y'·rN6.'~844552.' is'suad by tho i.marioan
All:lmtcoliis urr.nco Compc.ny, 1 Libarty
Stroo't,UOV{ Yor}l;:,.N(JW' .York, in the
o.r.1C~unt.',oi'~"$5,OOO,,OQ,. vr.tiioh po~ioy ox
p~res on June 4, 1949, ('.nd insures tho
propor~. subjeot te t!te m~rtgago de
. sor1b6d,'ril'subptir'n:;;rt£ph 2...n, heroof'1I
.
.....
.
I
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Po1ic;y:,~9.'!I' 25038,'~'issu~d:;by;
tho. CJ.tiz.ens
Irisurnnao Compnny ofjloW.:Jorsey, 111 l~i
Street,.Flemington" NawJersoy. in the I
nmount of' $5,000.00,' which polioy expires
on l~pril 9, 1949, and ins'woos the prOPGJllty
SUbjOct. to tho mortgage desoribed in SUb,
pnrngro.ph ,2~a harcof,. ,nnd.
.'
..
.
.
.'
,
Policy No. 34295.2, is:suod by the No.tiono;1
Liberty. ,I.nsur.c.n,c.·~ Co~pC:nY. of Lmerico., 59,'
llaiden..Lano, Now.',York, New York, in the
a.."llou~t.o.f"j8,600'.OO,.:which policy expires
on Mo.roh 11, 19'48:. and insures tho propj
ortysubject to tho mortgc.go doscribed ~n
. subpa:'rc:gr'c,ph 2..-l:ihoroof',. and
i
d.
c,or.~Q.i~.:.~.()9:t o.r,,:~thpr.
:t'hc.t
obl,igc,tion owing Ito Charlotto
Huhlar, c.lso.'kllown e.s Uo.rgr.roto Chr.rlotte lI~ler, o.s
Chl'.r~ot.tq;,.~F·'~ioi~s ,~d o.s:Ii~.rgriroto Chc,rlot~o noiSs, by
raso ~ .O.ttonborg, 475 Fi~h i.vonuc, Uevi YorK, .NoV! York..
. .rising by roason of' int~ros:t; o.nd po.ytnonts ~f principo.l
c
collootod on thomortgo.gos doscribod in sub~o.rc,grt'.phs 2-0
o.nd 2...b horeof', o.ndlmyt.nd £'.11 rights to d.rund, on
foroo c.n,d colloct tho sr.mo,
is property vrithin .thoU:nitod' Statos ownod or cOIltroU.od 'by,
pt.yo.b~o or dolivor~blc ;~o, ~old on bollClf of'. orion aocount of'.
or mung to, or\1hJ.oh 18' oVJ.cloneo of ownor'shJ.p or control by,
tho nf'oros[l.ldnntionn1;.C!.i' Q9-osignntod onemy coUntry (Gorme.nY)J
;,
.~:: (~: !..
and it is horoby dotermined,
3. . Thr.t to ~hC?9~i~nt thnt,
person nL'JIlod in subpnragre.ph 1 hereof' .
,
,.. ,
.. , ..
.
is not within c,'dosignp.ted enemy oountry, the ~tionnl interost
.
of' tho Unltod Sta.tos ro quiros. that such person}e treatod as a
no.tionn1 of',,:,e., dosigno.ted .enemy <;lountry (Garme.nYj) •
tho
'
dotorml~tl'6~""e:~J;;
.(l.1l
n'11: action:: re uirod by law, /inclUding c.ppropriate
oonsultation and oertification, .h£-.ving boon mnde and taken, £md, it baing·
doomod necossary in tho mtionr.lint~rost~ .
I
.
THmE IS HEREBY VESTED in th'e i.ttornoy Genora1 of the Unitod Stc.tos tho
prop~rty dosoribod in subpnro.gro.phs 2-0. to 2-d above, ,irlc1usive, to be hold,
usod, o.dministorod, 1iquidr.tod, sold or othorwise deo.1tl~ith in 'tho interest
of' ~d f'or tho benefit of tho Unitod st~tos.
.
.
.
Tho torms "nnttonal'" o.nd "cic-;sigOntod onomy country" ns usod horoin shnll
. havo tho moanings prosoribod 18: s.ootl.on 10 of' Exooutivo Ordor 9193. as ('.molldod.
'.
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(40 Stat. 4ll, 50 U.S.C.App. 1; 55Sta.t, 839,50 U.S.C
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Sup. 616; Pub.
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!IIIIrlilllliiiiiilli~''''''''~';:",'~'1......"- " - " ; . , - -.."-"':,.-~,-",..:. .- " . , . - - " ". . - , , , , - , , , , , ""~,,,,,---,,,,,,-,,,--,---,,,,.,~-,,--,,,, - " " ' " - , ..",,,,,,,
r
-r:;;e v.o 910 J
tbax t;li7
Lnw 322, 79th Cong., GO st~t. 50; Pub. Lew 671, 79t~ Cong., 60 stet. 925,
E. O. 9193, July 6, 1942, 7 F. R. 5205, 3 CFR, Cum. ~UPP'l E.O. 9567, Juno 8,
1945, 10 F. R. 6917, 3 CFR, ~945 SUPP.; E.O. 9788, Qlot. 14. 1946, 11 F. R. ' ,
11981)
",'
"
, Exdoutod Cot V(~shington, D. C•• on
"
'
(Official Sonl»)
i
Aqua" 2,5, 1~47;
,.
" I
For tho Attornoy
Gonoral~
~tL,D~
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Assistant Attornoy Gonoral
'
Dirootor,'Officoof Alian Proporty
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'OFFleE·OFJ.LIEH PROPERTY
;'DEPART1iIENT OF juSTICE
"REPOllT ,oF: ','~MINER
,
SUBJECT: Bondulld mortgr.go", 'sollior
, ,,:pllrtieipati'ng intqros;' In
bond: nnddnottgQgo, ,proPllrty ,
, ins uro.nco pol,teios o.nd:"olo.im
, ovlnod byChc.rlotto Muhlor..
o.~sokrio';\'nas Mo.rgaroto
Oneirlotto Ivluhlor, ,as Charlotto
,M. Woisso.nd as:MiU" garot9
,Chc.rlotto,Weiss '
,
,
F~2S.:2404&-B~ 1,'
" JUlY/50, 1947 ' '
,
',~vlImsR.,
', I
' JosophF.' Diffloy ,
1
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'
, FIL~ NOS.I: '. F~2,8,";7156 '
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.
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e.sMArg~roto 6hnr lotto Muhio~,,'~ Chnr lotto M_,
, "" "JURJ:SDICTIQN.,
" "
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'ChtU-lotto. Liuhlor ,dso, knc.wm
"
Woissand~\rgtirotoChc.rlotto Vioiss, ~i:l. rosidQl'lt9f Go~rtu::mYI ,l!1Vfhos<;l' lastknmm
c.dd~oss is GQorgstrnsse20".(1~ ) Rnvons,burg;Vrttpg'., Gcrmc.ny; ,~, ist~o.own~rof
,
0.
bond ,cnd mortga.goin'th,o, pr,l:ne1pcr1wno\l-ntof$"5,~45.QQ,, a SOl'llprpnrtJ.ol.'p!.'.tJ.ng
intorostin cbol'ld :.l1d·mortgOigOF~.o~h?ox"!:;?n:t'p£.$2,090~.qo,J,~nd propol"ty .illSur"'l
o.noo policies eovor,l.ng tho:,pr9porty,Tfhl.e~'c.r.osubJbct to ,the,!+ortgr.gos. Thoso
,m6rtg~os\ o.ro:sorvicod by.fI:tso &Ottonbol"titlttornoys, ~'75Fiifth ,AvqnuojNo\>,; Yor~;
Now Yorkii' In c.dditioll thoroto;l.thos,uPj.t is,tho ownoI"'oflncltJ.m agc.inst ' "
'liso '~ Ottonborg,for r.pproximatbly$8,075.58, l+cprosonting int,orost c:nd ('.mortiza ..
tion ,pc.ymantm; ern tho',c.forosr.id mortgr.gos.,
,
,:"
,
"PROl'$TY" .
'I.' Bond. cnd, '~,~ortgago
..
4
'6.. "DoscriPtiorir'An' obligc,tionroproscmtodbY· r.'bondandmortgngo orfgino.lly,
in the fc.co r.mount of $61?OO~'OO, oxooutod on Ooto,?er 3, 1923 ?y.AdolphusBroborg
.nd·./Ufredll S'. Broborg, h1S
to Honry C. '!'lnV10on, This rrtg••go was rooorOOd
vt:I'o,
y
,'
"
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I' ' ..
""-'''''''''''.~"
'Form TFR,'::300, Sorios A, dc.tad octobor ,31,,1941, lriOAP Fife No ~F~28"7156",
'and Form,AP.G-56jSorios.,B, do.toq Me.reh 26.~,1946, inObP ,Fpo', No,~ F~2a~24045~B-l!
submittodby lUso& Ottonborg;n,ttornays,475 Fifth Avenuo, Now York, NO"l York; ,
coPY ofsubJootislottor.datod It.ugust8,, 1,93e~ in fila. I,
Copy of' Subjoctt,s lotter, datod Jnnunry 8, '1947, in,file.
Y',
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1
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, \i<IlL,.
-2
tho Offico of tho RogiBtor~'ci:f;':'~~ngs ':Co~rtty, NeW. York, on Ooto
5501. of Mortgc,gos, at pago 169, nnd· oovor.s n po.r.col of improvod
1523 'r3rd Stroot, in tho Borough of Brookiyn, ,City,. r.naStt'.to of
4, 1923 in Libor
propo:tl c, t
York. Y
b. Evidonoo of Qvmorshipl:: Tho c.bo."o do~oribod bond nnd mort~ago woro r..ssignod
to Chc.r1otto Mr.rgr.roto Vloiss by unrooorded instrumont, dr.tod Jronuc.ry 14, 1936,
oxocutod by Bonodiot S. Wiso, c.ttornoy-in-f'not for Mc.thildc.. Hoss, t.Bslgnor, who is
tho subjoot's. dc.ughtor. This instrumo~ .is, .ho1d by Wise & Ottonbofg, r.ttorl1oys, .
475 Fifth Avonuo, Hovi York, Now York, 41 Tho inlpro."od rod prop~rty covorod by tho
mortgc.go is ovmod by LIc.rio A. Frnnoin, 1'523 73rdStroot, Brooklyn. I Nov{ York.
.
.' .'.
. .
'1
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c. Vc.luO& Tho l:ort~f'.go, ·r;h~ch -wc.s .o,r.iginnlly in tho e.mount pf $~,?OO~OO, he.s
boen roduood by f'JIlortl.Zc.tl.on pr.ymonts to tho sum ot.: $5,445.00 C.s of J"prl.1 1, 1947.2/
Intorest thoroon is baing pc.~d ,f:J;"t)10 rr.to' of 6% .por r.nnum all tho lrirlll:t dr,ys of
Mr.y ('.nd Novombor. yTho omtor is: mr.king str.tutory pe"ymontSl in roouct:i.on of ·tho prin
. cipc.l c.mount duo l.n instr.llmontes" of' ~45.00 qur.rtor-r.nnuo.l1y on tho first dnys of
Jr.nur.rYi April, July r.r~ Octob~r of otch yonr. 8/ Tho mortgc.god prop~rty is n
prrcol of 1r.nd 40 foot by 190,. r~()91:;·,,~~iItJ.proyod ,wi tlt.n dotr.chod throo-story throo..
fl".mily fr::-.mochvolling r.nd .. O",oIlq .~~r ,stuoc9 ,gr.rr-.go. 9/' Tho 1r.nd a.r1d ~ui1di~g hc.vo
boon ('.ssosscd· for t~~ lcr.r. 1947/~8 c,t $8.. 900.00. end 'tho lllCrkct ."r.lfo l.S cstl.mC'.tod
to bo $14,000.00. ]!}j Thof~rst· floor npr.rtmont, ,'{hich conista olf fi."o rooms c.nd
beth, isoocupiod by MCIl'ioA. Frr.ncie.,. owner o,f tho mortgc,god pronJisos. Tho socond
floor npl:'rtmont, vrhioh consists of six rooms nnd bo,th, . is oooupio~ by Mr. Chc.rl0S
Sporc.nzn, r.t f'. monthly ronte.l of $48.00,. Tho third floor npnrtmo~t, which consists
of four rooms rmd br,th, is occupiod by a Miss Yr.cco, r.t r~ mon~~11 ll"ento1 of', ' .
. '""l .
$38.00.
Thotnxos for tho first he.1f 1946/47 nre pc.id. .!!I This indonturo is
n first mortgage sinco thoro aro no prior lions.
.
EI
11/
d. Prior Lions or Enoumbrnncosl
Nono.
~
o. Mnne.~omontt This mortg~go is boing sorvicod by tho l('.w firm of Wiso &
Ottonborg, 475 Fifth Avonuo, NOli York, NevI. York. 14/ Intorest e.4d principn1. r..ro
paid to Wiso & Ottonborg, who doposi t tho funds tot'ho cradi t of Chnr10tto Muh1er
.
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1/ ~lt1e_ sec.ioh r~port 'and inspootiClrlj dntpd ~rQlt 17 J 19t!1 I._ pe.6~ 2.
Photostr.tio copy of unrocordiJd nssignmcnt of mortgr.go, oxecuted on Je.nttr.ry 14,
1936 by Benodict S. Vlise,475. Fifthl~vcnuo, NQVI York, Nmv York,r.ttorney-ill-fr.ct
forl~thildn Hess, in fi10.
~ Suprl".
pngo 1} Homorr.nd\lrn to Filo, dr-ted .Lpri1 10, 1947.
Uomorr.lldur.l to' Filo, suprn,;ll o:x:rminc.tion of rOGords of Uisc
Ottonborg,
r.ttorneys, 475 Fifth i.vonuc, Novr York, UOVI York.
71 Ibid,
"
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21,
"~ i~~~~ y, pogo 4.
1'01 Ibid, pc.gos 3 rui.d 5.
'Itl Suprn y, pngo 4,
Ttl
Ibid, ~('.flo 3.
!!I Suprn y
!!i' }!omornndlml to
Filo. suprn
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suprr,
y,
pago 2.
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in a. blockod ~ccount ol'!t~ tlod f,"f~so 8: Ottenborg iCli:mts' Invost
'mants J..ooount" at·the. Che.se Nat:lonal Ba.nk ofthoCJ.ty of Nov, York.. 60 East 42nd
Street, N()V{ York, NElli .York••
"!:2I
.
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II •.' Proporty InsureJ'lQQPolioios'
. '.
Tho lJn.prOVOtlonts on tho mortg£'.g~d 'pr'o~iscs, aro co'Vorod byFir~ In~ura.ncie .
. Polioio~ No. '844552 e.nd 1!~.250,~e~!, ,1s,~u~p.,:,to Fabj,o u. FranC!a~oo!Mario.(~~ Francia.
respootJ.voly, by tho ~'il11crJ:.o(m',J..ll.l.-ali.oolnsur£'l'1;coCompany:. 1 Ll.b~rty Stroqt, nOV!
Yorkl~J6vr York,nnd Cit.i~ons .If.1surancoCompanyot l~ew Jersoy, 1171 i.~cin stroot,
Flemington, NawJcrsoY.• "Ea..chpolicy is.intho amount of C5,000.OO; Policy No.""
.844552bf"tho 1.:mjri08.n.l..lliC:llco~;Ii1surr..noo, Compq.nyoxpiros on Jund 4·, .19·:1:9, and
Policy No.· 25038 of tho Citizo~ Il1sura.n.coConpany of. Nor; Jorsoy! cxpiroson Aprii 9,
191.:9. Tho ,loss" ii'Cuiy,ufLciQr;,;Jl9J:pqf thcs.o policios 1.8 p:::.yo.bloitoCho.rlotto .'
~1uhlor.,]!!/·
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Participating Intorost· 'i'n'Bondo.n,~i~ortgo.go
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n. ·Doscriptio:qa.,J-..soniorparticipntiilg interest to tho oxtont of . .
.
$2,000.:00,
in .~obligationroprosont0d by c.,hondand mortga.1go origin(>lly in "
the 'fMO cindilnt of (;12,500.00 011 prOl'llsO,s283 COurt Streot, Br:ooklyn, Now York.
which. bond and mortgo.go wero executed on J:.pril14, ,1927 'by Vincc'nio Nava ul+d . '
Glusoppine Nava., .hiswifc, .to Titlo G~t,r~r..nto~'&rldTrustCorapany~Thismortgc..go
vias ro'corded on :.pri1 15, 1927 in , tho' Offico of tho Register .of Kings Cou..'1ty,. Now
York, in Libar 6688 of l'[ortgo.gee,at pago 331 .. ];2/.
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ba'Evidencqof'"QWnorshipl The.$.bovo ,dos.Qribod bond (',nd tp.ortg(.ge were ('.ssign
.cd by Emmr. '{{oohiiier t·oChl:'.;rlotto 11. Woiss,noYl known c.sCho.rlotto Muhlor, c.nd
Herb~rt J. CO,chrun" by ,.nstrumClnt. dqtad July ~3, '1935 and rocorpOd in the Offico
of tho Registor of Kin~~County""N0'W rork, on July 25, 1935~ in Liber 8043 of .
l
Mor~gnges , Dot pngo 213,
On July 24, .1935, Mr.· Cochro.n eXGcuted a deoluru tJ.on
whoroin h~ statodtho.~ ~he intorosth?ncqu,irodili.tho mortgnge! thus assigned to
him nndChnrlotte !,{. l!';)l.BS,Wc..S"subo!dJ.nc"toto 1:;heJ.nter0!)ttheljoinofChc.:rlotto
U. VIoiss •. This doclr.r£',1:;ion; ~wh~ch wns,rooordod on July 25, • 1935 in .tho Office
of tho Roiistor of Kings'CoUn~yi"N(n·'{'York,inLibo:r S043 of Mo~tgo.gosl ·f,t'po.ge 274 ..
W.
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~Momoro.ndum to Filo, suprc. 5/; intervicjvr'Oli:FobrUllry 25,'1~47 'with R. \~ihytook.,
,C.SSistc.ntno.MGo~·,Chr.s<~ NC:'tionr.l B.r.nk of tho City of !JoWl York, 60 Er.st 42ild .
Stroot, Uon York, N.Y.,. inf'rc.M./.
'.
I
Mc.mora.ndum.to Fil0t' supra.!li .. ,
'
Title ·soc.rchroport r,nd inspection; dc-ted ll!::.r¢h 6, 1947,pc'bo 2J eXC\l':linntion
of. rocords of Wise & Ottonborg,-r.ttqrnoys,475 Fifthl~vonuo, ri(''Vi York..,Uovl
York; supra.
'lS/Titlo soerchroportc.nd inspootion, dr-ted Nlo.roh 6; 1947" 5Upro.
Ibid.
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�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES ~J
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furthor' stn ted thc.t Charlotte ~!~,. Wl.'liss', interost. in the mortge..gp wo.s $6,000.00, us
cf that dato. Tho junior pcrti?ipo.ting ~nte'rQl?t in tho mortgc.g~_ to the extent of
{,;1,OOO.00, is ovmed by Estof Reel ty 'Corporc.tion, having beon [,ssignod to it by
Herbert J. Cochrc.n.
Tho mortge.god prop~rty is ownod by Anp::-. ,Di Giorgio nnd
her husbc.nd, 1..1fio Di Giorgio; r.esiding c.t ,284 Court Stroot, Brpoklyn, Novr York.
!:21
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o. Vc.luo: Tho mortgt:\gc, Vfhichw~s,originc.lly in tho c.moupt of C12,50Cl.00,
hns been reduced by r,mortiz('.tion pc,:yments to tho SUT,\ of ~)3, OOO.pO us ef April 1,
1917, r.nd Chr-.r lotte lIuhlor l so' interest therein' nov;' [~moul1ts to 02,000..00. 21/ IntoI'''
est thereon is being pc,i¢t~_r;~.::,~{l'q::r:0:te of 5:~ pqrr.nnum on tho f;irst dc.ys
Jc.nue.ry,
i.pril, July r~nd October wd 'is.' pr.id up' to Lpril'l, 1947. 22/ ['ho owner' is mc,ldng
pc.ymonts in reduction of' the p'ri'ncipc.l r~mou~t:.dtl0 in inst(".TImcn~s of 052.50 qunrtcr
c.nnunlly on tho first dnys of JrJ,m,ry" J:..prH,JUly· rmd October pf oc.ch YO!'.r.
Tho mortGC'.God proporty: is r.n irrogulC'.r plot, r.pproximc.te1y 23 foot by 75 foet, ~m
proved y:i th tvrobuildil1gs. Thore is c. threo-story somi-dutr.che!d bricl: buildinG on
tho front of the plot" contdninr; C\. s toro on tho bre.do floor r.nd ono r.pc.rtn.ent on
e(".ol1 of the uppor floors, j.ttc.?hod to i t c.ncl on tho ret.r of thio plot is n two
story brick d.welling contr.ininc; two r.pr.rtauntso 24/ Tho lr~nd and building hc.vo
beonc.ssossed for t~~ ,0c.r 19~:7l-.c8 c.t ;;:;l2,000.00~<l tho murket! vr.lue is ostimnted
.
to bo 012,000.00. ~ Tho store is, occupied e.s, U brocory c.nd delicntosGon by
l\Ir. Tom PocorO:10 at (~nonth.tY"r.~Ift:--'l of. (;57 .50. The second flOr'O.r fro11t' r.pr.rtnont,
which consists of four reoms C.fig: br.th, is occupied by the uforo del ~'rr. PocorcHo
at n monthly ront:--.l of ~;25.00 The third, .ncor front t:~po.rtmcnt, which Mnsists ('f
four roons f.nd buth, is occupied by tho lnndlordts duughtor !1t .(;. monthly rO!ltn.l of
;;)30.0.0.. Tho c.pt;rtr~'J.ellts in. tho recr .building c.ro rontod, rospeclti voly, for. ~;25.0Q
Ilnd ~/20.00 n mon.th. ~ Tho tuxes for tho first hulf 1946/47 b.ro pcdd. 27/ Tho
indonture is u first mortgg.go ,,si:qco thoro c.ro no prior liens,
..
or
EI
,
d.
.,
,
Prier Li.:.mc or Enc'uMbr,c.ncos:
None.: '. ~
o. Mc.nllgomontl This!':lortG~.go is boing SCl':,ricod by tho bw fl.rn of Wise &:
Ottonbcre, 175 Fifth Lvenu0,' Now·York,,:NC"i.f.Y:0rk • . 29/ Intores~ cnd principr.l [lorO
pcdd to 'IUse &: Ottonber bf who doposi t tho funds to-,;'ho crodi t 0lf ChD,rlotte Buhler
e.nd loothildc. Hoss in Ct blocked n.ccount enti tiod ''V'jiso &: m;-tonber'g Clients' Invost..
mcnts i.ccount ll [,t tho Ch(\se Ifntion::"l Brmk of the City of low ~k,60 En.st 42nd
Streot, NOH York, Hoy;, york.
I
EEl
'
.
se~.!'ch
19'~7.
Title
report a.nd in:;pcction" <ktod Hr.rch 6,
slupro.::!i_
1,1enorc.nd1.U,l to Filc, supr:i; 5/;. o:Ar.nina:tion of records of Hiso &: Ottonborg.
suprc.
I
Ibid; supra. ];!J, pq;o 2; i:lterviow with Hiss S. Yiorthcr, cnployoo, Yfiso &
OttcnberG, ('.ttorn(;ys, 475 Fifth .';'v-.Ol1l.lo. How York, NovI yortd.
Momornndum to Filo, 'suprc.: 5/•.
Suprc. 17/. p:-·,~;e 1.
-
Suprn T1/, pr.::;os S t',nd :5..•.,,'
Ibid, j?"[:'Go 4.
'C' ,.
'
Ibid. p::'Ge 3.
Supru 17/.
Ibid. pngc 2; l::ienorc.ndun to File': supra.
Hcnorcndun to Filo, SUprc.'jji infrf.\
y.
' '-:-.
, •• \I, ~
.: . .
•
5/.
y.- .
..
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'::'
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�.....
:.
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....
.......
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. •
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.," t'
."
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Int9rost in Proportylnsuro.nco Pol~cy
...~
'..
..
,.
,'"
"~ -',
~
. Tho improvemonta;:::9nth.o;!nortg,r.ce,d·. promiSes, nro covore: . by Fira. Insure.nco
Policy No. 3{2952, issuod to Urs. L.nl1ll:Di: Giorgio by tho Uc.ti
1 Liberty Insuri:mco
Conpnny of AtJ.orict'-, 59 l:Inidon Lnno, Now York, Now york. This oUcy is, in tho
ru:l.Ount of 08,500.00' nnd oxpi'ros, "onl;Ic~rch 11, 1948 .. ·Tho loss,
r.~ly" tindor this
policy is pr:.yo.ble to Chc.!'~~tt9"Ml;ihlor r:Iid EstogRcdtyCorporri
,tho lo.ttor holding 0. junior pnrticipt'.ting into'r?stto tho oxtqntof ~ll. 000.00
tho r.~bove described
bond nnd mortgo.go. ~/
.
V. Claim
Tho subject is the ovmor of. 0. clo.im. r:.gcinst tho 10.W'
of vasa. &: Otton1:ierg.
475 Fifth I.venuo, Now York. Novf York, for npproximately 08,07
, representing
interost and n:r.i.ortizo.tion pr:.yr.1cnts
tho c.forostdd mortgagos .. llected E\lld doposi ted
by Wiso &: Ottonberg in 0. blocked o.cco.unt togqther with other conts' r;lonoy•. This
.
blocked a.ccount is entitled ''Vlise &: Ottenb9rg Cli'ontsL Inves, ts Account" o.t the
Cho.seNo.tiono.i Bnnk6fthe City.of Naw:York, 60 Eo.st 42nd Str
.Nov' York, Nevr,
York, which is' mo.nugodundcir ·TrousuryLiconse' No. NY-764417-T.
.
The aforesaid
sum of 08,073.58 ovmed bY,thos\lbjoct "{us doposited .byVliso &:
en1:iorg to tho
o.ocount of ChEtrlo·tto Muhlor"'r.nd"hor do.ughtor, Chnrlotte Mr:.thi
Hess, pursunnt to
the instructions of Chr.rlottc.,'Muhler e.s; contniriod in her lott
. do. ted Octob~r 3".
1932~ to 7rise &. Ottonbt1rg. ~/
.
.
on
'
.. '
.. J-. '",
(Signed) Michnel U. Coon·
Lti.cho.el ],f. Coon, Roviewer
L. Beckler
Rovl.owor
.
,~. ~
".
Fil~,
y~
Memorr.ndum to
supro.
title sOLrch roport
loction, dated
M£'.rch 6,1947, supro.!!.!, pugo·2.
"",
I
..
Exc.minction of rocords' 'of His() .&: Ottonbbrg, e.ttorneys, 47 Fifth i.venuo,; Nqw
York, Now York, supro.
intorviow on .l.pril 11_ 1947 wi
C. Widner, Control
lers nndAccounting Diyisi,on,. Chr;.so Nr.tional Bank o~ tho ICity oi'Ncm York,
.18 Pine S~rooti Now. Yo!k..',~.ovv Yor}!; Homor~.:r:tdun to Flle, s I
~/.'
"
~l Photostr.tJ.o copy of· let:t,er.·ofCho.r19tte Muhlor, dntod 00
or "'t, 1932, o.nd •.
tra.nslr:.tion thoroof,. in file,
.
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Y;
•
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,.'t.... '
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1,1._
�i
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9703·
Conif'iden:tl(l~l
OFFICE OF J~LIEN PROPERTY
'. DEPJ.RTI.JENT OF JUSTICE
.
','
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MEMQRAlIDUM T'o·:: '. Tho E-..;:ocutiye Committee'
.
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EDOll...
SUBJli:CT:
.. enry(h Hilkon..
H
. .
chiof, 9pornti6nsBr~noh
.....
'.. "Bond cJtd'titpl-tg~goisonio~ .'
po.rtic:ipo.ting intcrost in
.. ,,>bond nnd,ll'tortge.go, proporty
.insur!Uloa policiesc.nd claim
!JWl1od byChnr lotto HUbler.
o.lsoknown ('.s, itli:lrgnrete
ChorlottolIuhlQJ:,,;ls Charlotte'
'. ;:,i. Web:s nnd tufMargarote
.Cha,rlotte Wei~s .
. Tho nt'tiaohed rep~rt,shows~hflj:., ~~ru11otte Muf1or,•.'
also knmnl' as Margarote Che.rlotto UUhler,.El.s Charlotto
'.~J,~ 1J[ei~s and as Hargarote Charlottp Vfeiss,~·whosellO:st.; "
~novm addro~si$ Goorgstro.sso20.,(14BJRayonsburg"tftt'bg...
(,l~tInQ.ny:, is .tho owner. of fl pond nr.J.d rilt)rtgag~ in ~he' '. '. .
prilJ,01pnl. o.m~unt .of $5*44§~OO,.0. so.nior .pnrticip~t~ng
.intorost in 0. bond o.nd l11ortgr.go,· totha extent of .
". $:it,OOO..,OO, property ins.urr..nce policies and n clD,1m in
.tho r.mount ofnpproxiirw.toly$B,075.SS, . .....
I ' ....
.'
1:t is rocommondod tht;\:;the property d,osoribed iIi
'. tho ropo'rt be vostod. J.. coorclingly, e. proposed v~sting
ordorha.s boen propo.rod for use undortho simplifiod pro"',
i
0'0duro.
.
.
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.."
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kibll//~C./~ .M) ..
HO~YW: ~~.
r/ \ . /
.•..
Chi of, OporationsB.to.!fOh .
4702-47
�~.*~A,~~r;~:rIONAL ARCHI~ES
"~::~~'::~'~~':;J~~ nmw "YORK
Office of Alien Property
. Depart:t:1ent of Justice
TO:
The Executive Conuai ttee.
FROM:
·Bs ta te sand Trus ts Bro.nch.
(File
.017-21106) •":
No
RECOMl:llJENDATION .
,
.
._-
Jurisdiction: Section 2 (f) otE. O. 9095,
as amended.
Source of Informa t'ion:vvil1 and Peti t10ri tor probate:- .
. '
(1)
-_.
ESTATE:
-
<I
~.--
Sophie Ha.sch,· o./k/a Sophie M. Rasch, elk/a Sophie
Marie Rasch, deceased.
(2)
COURT:
Surrogate I s Court, Kings County I
New ':[ork,
pocket No. P - 442;L - 1946.
(3)
FIDVCIJ~RY:Herman Richter, 2122. Avenue lvl.
Brooldyn;,.
New York, Executor.
(4)
AT'l'ORNEY:
Charles H. ICl"'iGer,
66 Court Street, Brooklyn 2,
New York, Attorney for E::;:ecutor.
(5)
DESIGNATED COUNTRY:
(6)
DESIGNATED NATIONALS:
LAST KNOWN ADDRESS:
lians Wi 1kens
Park Strasse 86, Bremen (23)
Germany'
Germany
Bad Harzburg (20)' Hindenburg
Ring 12, Germany
Else Herms
17/19 Sogestrasse, Bremen
Germa.ny
Ingeborg Binkert
12 Rudesheimer Stl"'asse,
'Bremen (23) Germany
Theodor Neddermann,
Junior
. _ - _.... _---_ .. _....
.
__...... .
Laupheim, 14a, Germany
.
�~
... ----~~--~.
- 2 -
Gerda Neddermann
VESTIBLE PROPERTY OR INTEREST:
(7)
38 Rudischeimerstrasse,
, Bremen, (23) Germany
All right, title, interest
and claim of any kind or character whatsoever of'Hans
Wilkens, Lucie Wilkens, Else Herms, Ingeborg Binkert,
Theodor Nedderl11arm" Junior, and Gerda Nedderme..nn J and each
of them, in and to the Estate of Soph:l.e Rasch" a/kia Sophi'e
M.Rasch, a/k/a Sophie Uarie
Rasch~
deceased.•
The property and interest distributable and payable to
the, designated nationals are as follows:
Hans Wilkens
1/2 of the legacy of 1/2 of the
residuary bequeathed to Lulu
Wilkens, approximately t1800.00
Lucie Wilkens,
1/2 of the legacy of 1/2 of the
residuary bequeathed to Lulu
Wilkens, approximately ~(1800.00
Else Herms
, Legacy of 1/2 of the r~siduary
estate, apprOXimately $3600.00
Ingeborg Binkert
Possible interest in the 1/2 of
the residuary estate bequeathed
,to Else Herms.
Theodor Neddermann,
Junior
Gerda Neddermann
(8)
Possible interest in the 1/2 of
the residuary estate bequeathed
to Else Herms.
Possible interest in the 1/2 of
the residuary estate bequeathed
to Else Herms.
STATEl1ENT OF li'ACTS:
Sophie Rasch, a/lela Sophie !'ti. Rasch,
a/k/a Sophie 11arie Rasch, died a resident of Kings County,
New York, leaving a Will which was offered for probate in
Rrr 131- OAf'
Enlfy {'Sfl
{06
3
I
I
--
_'L~_~
_____
�the Surroe;ate's Court of' Kings County,B::PQklyn, New York.
,S'a1ei Will was, admi tted .toprob~te, by decree ,',dated August
26"
19:46. ,'., Letters 'Testamentary 'wereiss;\:j.ed and ,Herman. Richter
.
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qualifiedas executor tinder saidWili~se.id. ¢~.tl:).te will
;
:.'
pe administered, and liquidated.ancitheexe.cutor will be '
ready to, file his ,final aocounting,inAugust·, 1947'.
~o' reales~teanci
, left
Decedent
the.estimatedvalu,e of, her " .
personal . '
.
.
....
,
.
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.
estate is, $14, oo6~oo. "This t'igur~ ~ howeve~,is,subject to' '
the payment ot'iegacies, ' debts", funeral expenses, admini
stration expensesandlega.l' fe'es.The net estate 'of the,
decedent "1.ill, be~approXimately
'J1he decedent by her
$9~O()O .OOto,$lO,OOO ~OO •• ,
~iiilb~qUeath~'~
friends and a cousin
five small legacies to'
totalling$2,800~.OO.
Al,l oithe rest, resi.due a;d
'
~emai~d~r
of her property'
bo threal,andperscina.l she directedt,llat her executor con
~d di~tribute theproc'eedathereof' as ,
in 'p~ra6raph "SEVENTHIl,' of the Will.' "Paragraph
.vert into cash
provided
.
.
.
..
ifSEVENTHIf
reads aSf'ollows:
, flS~VENTH: ... ' "
All' the rest; residue and rema.inderbf my, '
both ,real and personal, of whatsoever "
kind and naturejand, wherespeversltuated, which,
lmay'own or have any interestin"o~have any,
right to dispose of, at theti;me bfmydecease,
',I, dlrc,cttliat the Executor be.rerIl~~~t'er;.:pamedi .
shall conver'~ into .ca.shand' dia,t,ri'b~teth9 '
pro~eed~ thereof, ..to,wit:,.
"
,;;":",
,
prope~ty,
'I'
c;,
,;
�,
....,
-, 5
resiCies at Laupheim, Cernany.
l
i
Eberhard Neddermann, one of the three legatees mention
./
r
ed i,n Sub-di v;tsion
i1b
H
of
P8.retgr~ph
"SEVENTHif predeceased
the testEttrix and left him surviving one c1:lild, Gerda
Neddermann, who resides at Bremen, Germany.
'llhe interests of Inc;eborg Binkert, Theodor Neddermann,
Junior, and Gerda Neddermann have been recommended for vest
ing, 'for the reason the.t if Else Herms predeceased the
testatrix, they might have some interest in this estate.
The interests of lfuns Neddennann have not been
recommended for vesting, as he is a resident of'
:Suono~
Aires, Argentina.
(9)
. RECOI\lMENDATION:
Vcstin8 of the property and interests of
the deSignated nationals named in Item (6)horcof is
re cor.unendcd.
!
Date.
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C
13i OAF
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�OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Vesting Order
9689
---.--.-____-+____
Re: ~state of Sophie Rasch, a/k/a Sophie M.
Rasch, a/k/a Sophie Marie Rasch, deceased.
(File No. 017-21106)
!
Uftde•. lhAI a ..thorlty 01 \he 1'ro4109 wllll 1M b ••" ACI. a. am.ad.... Ex.c"I1",. O.d.. IIU. a. a_"d.... and Eund",. 0 ...... I,., atld
PIIl....alll 10 law. 01•• 111...11901I0Il. It I. h.rlb" 1 0 " , , 4 1 '
.
,
1.
That Hans Wilkens, Lucie Wilkens, Else
Herms, Ingeborg Binkert, Theodor
Neddern~nn, Junior, and Gerda Neddermann,
whose last known address is Germany, are
residents of Germany and nationals of a
designated enemy country, (Germany);
2.
f
I
That all right, title, interest 'and cla1m
of any kina or character whatsoever of
the persons identified in subparagraph 1
hereof and each of them in and to. the
estate of .sophie Rasch, also known as
Sophie 1.1. Rasch, also }mown as Sophie
Marie Rasch, deceased, is property
payable Or deliverable to, or claimed
by, the aforesaid nationals of a desig
nated enem:r country, ( Germany) ;
.!
j
.1
'j
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3. That such property is in the process
of administration by Herman Richter, as
Executor, acting under the judicial
supervision of' the Surrogate's Court of'
Kings County, State of New York;
and it is her6by deternlined:
4. That to the extent that the persons
identified in subparagraph 1 hereof,
are not ,within a designated enemy
country, the national interest of the
United States recuires that such
persons be treated as nationals of a
designated enemy country, (Germany) •.----:.-----:--:-:::
m'"
ar,
AU d.I••m.lnaUotl. alld aU actloll ...."I.r... b, law. Illcludl..., approprial. co..."ltalion and c.,lIlicallo,n. ha'l'ln9 b ••n mad. and lak.n.
n.c•••
III III. nallonal 1111.,..1. '
THERE IS HEREBY VESTED III lIlo AIIo~n., 0011.'01 01 Ih. U"it.d 5101.. Ih. pro"',ty d..crlb.d abo... 10 b. h.ld, u..d, admlnisl
Uqulda.d. Hid or olh.rwl.. d.ed, ..11Il ill Ih. 1,,1.,••1 01 and 10' Ih. b.".111 01 Ih. Unit.d Sial••.
Th. I. . . . ""allo"al" aad "d..l91'aled Oil• •, coulllr," Cd " •• d h.,.in .hall ha.... Ih. m.a"I"9' p,.scrlb.d I" ••cllo" 10 01 £xec
Order 8113. a. am.lld.d.
'
.
140 ltal. 411. 50 U.S.C. App. I: 55 Slat. ...... 50 U.s.C. App. Sup. '11: Pub. Law 2U. '711.11 COli\!.. 80 Stal. 50: Pub. Law 611. 181h COli\!.. 60 SIal.
E.O. 9183. lui, 6. !l1e2. 'I FoR. sa05. 3 tFB. Ctaat' SuP....: £.0. 9517.
1945. 10 F.R••'11. 3 CFB. 1145 s..pp.: £.0.9788. Ocl. 14. 1148. II F.R. I
EXOINled 01 Wa.1Il,a9l0n. D. C.. On
.Augue'll
J
II b.ln" d..
JII".'.
19 194":
a"d.
r.d,
U..
825:
9811
. (Official Seal)
ON
Assistant Attorney General
Director. Office of Alien Property
DUPUCATE ORIGINAL
44
7
�/
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a) . One-half equal part or share ,. tnercof to .
'my sj"ster, LULU WILKENS,oi' 53/54 Hafen, Breman,
Gertilany, and in the'. event she predecease lil.e,
then to her children,. equally.
b) The remaining one-half equal part gr
s hare thereof to TBEODOR NEDUEm:ANN, of RUdi s he imer
,SNr., Bremen',_Gel"li1any; ELSE, HEHLS, .of 17/19'
, Sogestras.se, .o!'onen A Ge!'n1any; and. EBERHARD
.
NEDDERIvIANN, of 38 Rudisheimerstrassc, Bremen,.
Germany; the children of my deceased Sister, • .'<
Gesine Neddermann, equally or to thosurvi VOl's." .'
Lulu Wilkens, the beneficiary of Sub-Division
!I
a" of
;Paragraph ilSEVENTH\! predcceased the testatrix and left. her
.
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.
,
surviving two childr,cn, lians Wilko!i.s and Lucie Vlilkens, the
first two nationals enumerated in Item (6) hereof, and' they,;
pursuant to the language ofSub.. division !fa" will share
that 1/2 of the residuary equally.
Theodor Neddernunn and Eberhard Ne,ddermann, two of the
nationals mentioned in Sub-division "b"of Paragraph
ilSEVENT:niJ prcdeccased the testatrix and undor the language
, f Sub-division ub it , DIsc Herms, the third person mentioned
o
in the said Sub-divislon lib" wili take one-half of the
residua,ry esta.te as the only survivor of the tlu'ce
legatees mentioned •.
The odor, Neddorme.nn, one of the th.roc lO(gatcos
\
~ntionCd
in Sub-division, !lbU, prcdcceascd the testatrix and left him .
surviving throo children,'Hans.Ncddc·rmannwho resides. in
"
Bucnos Aires, Argentina; Ingeborg Binkert who resides in
Bremen, Germa.ny, and Theodor :Noddermanri, Junior, who
1<6: 131- OAf'
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F~~2454~D-1/2
f :'.:' .........:.... .
;~8-2245?-D-1/2
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I
OFFICE OF iJ.IEIl"PROPERTY
DEPLRT~rIT OF JUSTICE
i
vesting Order .
91.54
Re; . Stock owned'by a.ni debts Owing to
. Herciann Frey and.Enil Noller
Under. the authority :~f' the' Trading 'viith the Eneny Act, as amended" Executive
Order 9193, as aneIided,and Executive Order 9788, and· pursuant .tolaw, after
investigation, itls 'herebY" found :. .
,.
"'-----------)
.
.
1,. . That Hernarin Frey,vrhose last knavm address is Ne'fbergstrass 55,
H. F. Wur~burg, .G~rn.aI;W, and Er:dl Uoller, Tmose llfst knovm address
is Gutprodstr •.;53,·"StuttgartW.;Gerr.iBny, arceres¥fblts of
Gerrlany .and na~~;ona.ls Of. a des~gn'a.ted eooIl\V countlY (Gerraa.ny)j
des~ibed
2. That the property
,
as,
,
fo~ows:
\'
a. Thirty-three (33) shares of ::P25 .parvalue capital stock
of Starrlard Oil Cor..pnny, 30 Rockefeller P1az~, New York"
Hew York, a corpor.ation organized under the law'S of the
St.ateof Uew Jersey,:evidenced by the certificates listed
·bGlbW ,~gistel'cl!l in the n~tJ of.. the. persollt liat<lld' below
in the &Jounts appearing olJpos!te said na.w.es as follm"ls:
Nwnbcr
of I
Shares
Ce~,tific ate
Registere~, Own~r"
Nuooor -
Hero~·Froy
HerIJann.~ey:\
" ,,,:
Hermann ~ey,'
Heroa.nri ,Ff.~f .
Er:1i1 Holler~' , ,
Er.1il 11 oller
6
5C276l0
SC57276
. S.C57277 \
HerlJ8J'lIl Frey
,c'
•
3
3
SC5?279
1
1
SC5728'O
5642412
SC69655.
,.
6
13
"
i
divide~~
together ydth all declared and unpaid
thereon,
Two (2) shares of $15 par value capital stock of
Ccnsolidated Natural Gas COtlPany, 30 RockefelLler
Plaza, New York, Nevi York, a, corporationorgbized
Under the laws of the State of Delaware, evitlenced
by the certificates listed belovr,registeredl in tlD
naoes . of ·th(L~e:sons. ~isted .OO10'\"1.in the amoml['ts
appearing Opposl-te sal-d narosas fo110\1s:
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Registered O\mer
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Certificate
NUI:lbcr
- of I
Shares
"
HcroannF.rey,
Emil Noller
036471
0796 04
1
1
. ,
together with.all declared, aIJd .unpaid dividonds tmreon,
1
c. :se certain· debts or other obligations
to
Hernann Frey and EIJil Noller by Standard Oil Conpal'l\f,
a. NC'II1 Jersey corporCltion, 30 Rockefeller P1a:za,
New York, Uell York, in the aoounts of :i?7 ~34 and
~9.96 respectively, as of DeocLIDcr3l, 1945, aris
ing out of the sale of certain scrip issued by
said corp'oration, together with any and all accruals
thereto, 'and any and' all rights to deoand, enforoe
an::l collect- the same,
,-
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DUPLICATE· nRIIUIUI
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. and debts ow1.ng to
9/51:1
~/e V.O
"fbox !;JJ
, Eo.il Holler
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rty l'Iithin the Unitod States owned or con ,olled
by,
, deliverable to, hQ~d on behalf of or onl account of,
r-----o"'r .'......,~;to, ~'; whi~h is, qv:idenc.c. of mmership or. pontrol, by, .
.
the af'or9said nationals of a designated oneIiW' country (Germany);
and it is hereby
dete~~eQ.J'"
.
"'.;.
:
,
l:,.,
3. That to the extent that the persons nar.ted in subparagraph 1
hereof are notl'lithin a designated ~neIiW' country, ~he national
interest of,thQ·United, States requires that such persons be
treated as' nat!()n8.l~ of ~'d~SignatCd' e~my countryl (aermaqy)-.
All detercinations ~ all action~eq~cd by law, inclUding appropriate
. consultation am ,certification, having bec3n made and taken, bnd, it being,doerood
necessary in the national;Lntercst,
.,
~
"
THERE IS HEREBY VESTED in the J~ttorney General of the U ted States the
propel"ty clcscribcd above, to be held,usod, administered, 1", uidated, sold or
otherwise dealt ,71th in the interest of ani for the benefit bf the United States.
as
The terms 1'national" am -designated ~noL'\Y country"
peed herein shall'
have the' mean.tnsa prescribed· !neoction 10-· of E:xocutivc Order 9193, as aJJf.mded.
~l.PP"'1;55
(40 Stat. 411, 50 U.S.C.
Sta.t. 839,50 u.s"C./;,pplo Sup. 616; Pub. Law
322, 79th Cong., 60 St~t .. ,~O;Pub., Lml 671, . 79th Con..g., 60 s~at. 925; E.O. 9193,
J~6, 1942, 7 F.R. 5205, 3 CFR, Cun. S~P~j E.a. 9567, Junp 8, 1945, 10 FJR.
6917, 3 CFR, 1945 Supp.; E,O. 9788, Oct. 14, 1946, 11 F.R. 119B1)
, '. ',,; ,.,'
Executed at
.
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Washingt.o~'''D~C., ,ont
Office
(Official Seal)
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FILE CROSS REFERENCE SHEE
o Letter
o Memorandum
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From ..............'"..':\:,.:';.;'i,.;: ...,............. ~ •• To ...,- ...............................,.......... .
SUBJECT:
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1n J. :\'A.T,;.,
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GENERAL FILES
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�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
-A---,:/
eLL
V. o. 9154
Form FM·4
FILE CROSS REFERENCE SHEE
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0' Letter
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o Memorandum .
o .............;......................
Dcited ....................................... .
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From .......................................... ::.... To ...•............................
T·.·......
SUBJECT: ...L.T:(.ANSF.EB. ..QRD.ER.. is.s.uad ..to. ..Standar.d..-OiL.G.omoany
...9,~t.~9, ..9j$j~7.,. ..9.~r.tJt::i&€l;t~ ..N9.~.jI...~~.11e.7.Le.e. ............... ,......:..
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May be found in ~ .1(al!lt .. fil~.JT. .....Q..... 9.152........... i.........
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GENERAL FILES
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�File
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9 ___.____.
In the Matter of the Claim
UNTIED STATES OF AMEIH~
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
of
ANNA SCHMlCH
Claim. No. 39948
Vesting Order No. 769
----------------------~--~---------
IlET·ER1ITN'ATION AND RETURN
oRDER NO.
'. 3.312
~
Notice ,'of Claim under section,' 326f the Trading with the Enemy Act, as
amended, for the return of property' hereinafterdescr1bed . ,was timely filed. This
matter has been submitted to me for determination" up'on recommendation for allowance
by the Chief, Claims Section. Notice of Intention to return the property was pub- .
lished in the Federal Register ort April 2~ 1957,(22,P.R.2US).
Based upon reports .of investigation, ccmsultationwith other interested
. Government agencies, representations made in the: claim form, exhibits and in other
documents of record, it·is determined:
'The claimant' was the oWner, or the successor of the owner of the
'property described below immediately prior to vesting in or transfer 'to the Alien
Property Custodian or the Attorney General as successor -to' the said Custodian within
. the meaning of section 32(a)(1).
The claimant and predecessor in interest, if any,
receive a return of property under section 32(a)(2~.
is
eligible to
There are no issues respecting cloaking, r.oyalty adjustment or renegoti
ation liability within the meaning of section 32{a) (3)- and (4).
A return of the property will not be· eontraryto the interest of the
United States within the meaning of section 32(a)(5-).
No fees are ·to .be .charged in ·connection··with the prosecution' of this
claim.
Upon the basis of the foregoing the claim' is
hereby allowed and'rr IS
ORDERED that the property described below be returned, subject to any increaseor
decrease resulting from the administration' thereof prior to return, and afterade
quate provision for taxes and conservatory expenses:
Anna Scbmicb
Mannheim, Garmany
$4,898.31 in the Treasury of the United States
\.
Executed at Washington, D. C., on
~
Attorney'General
~~{/
.
.Paul V.. Myron
. Deputy Dir.ector
Of·fice: of; Alien Property
�REPROOUCEO AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
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J)EPARTMEN'f OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
NOTICE OF INTENTION TO RETURN VESTED PROPERTY
Pursuant to §32(f) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, notice
is hereby given of intention to return, on or after 30 days from the date of publi
cation hereof, the following property, subject to any increase or decrease resulting
from the administration thereof prior to return, and after ade~uate provision for
taxes and conservatory expenses:
Claimant
Property and Location
Ln
. . . .t84 at lIall1d.Dgl;cm, D. O. t O.
Executed at Washington, D. C., on
~
Attorney General
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ePPlC'& 0'
$'tATES .~' ADltIC.l
A.tmI PBOP1lRTY ctJSf..IMl·
.... C.~s1tl
rea1prep.~
ift Ca.:J;.Uenta
hgftberwltb: mon.,ue41'" _ tae
&CCOUlt of Robert IlQ"er ,owned. by
Aenne.Schmf.cb
Unerthe 411tJloat1otthe trading \lith the Me.;, Act f &8 &m~ndd.t end
becut1"1e erierJo•.
a.m.emded, am\l. p11Huat t. law,. t:b.e1llld:eNlgned.,
after ~'lgG"-J
.
"'S" ..
1. 'flmI1IIa' ,...,
'tal.
&\bm1eh 1. 4,c1u.a ot ~'\Ifbea.
biRD ~88i8 Ort>arumstr8t!1lte'.",Ifm,*e1mf .. Ger.many,
and.\h& t;kr&to~8 ahe, 18 .a national 01. a d_1gnBte4 ..~
last
·. .trrt~)J
'
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J.J:iJ,1C a.."lIatr a:a$;4 !erme.S:chmieh is t~. om. . of real a:nd
, . .o~ ,..,m7·4~- b .-,.r• •' 31·,~tJ
1. 'J'1JnU.Dg
,flat tbpropm,.
~-
t.u-,t
,,.t
a. All 1'1,•.,\1\).9, :1ntGl"eStanQ estrllt;•• "C)'tb legal.'
eqm;'able••t IIlLttl. 4. .es~.,. 1ft, ·aa4.t.o
e.ert:alD
reaa ~y~~tt¢~ .~. 115 R~;rStrfl¢;,
f;"~.~.,
-1".
i_onie BeaCh.,
p~~~~~~4...t'l~ .. ~$ 1_2
SA;'''' ,1•• ·Gf·llii~i\~~"'9fi'~_' ;1~eb"",Q:""'TOf
_·~.$tatCl'.f;e'~~~~l'~·~- m;~.• ·~.coNed 1ft.
_oJ! '1""
let.era.:. lIie.l-n._l1. 'IMQ~'flt 8.&t«
c.~, topther with aU oltb.e fil(tdeSif~~fJ.l'il.ent$
':81.
'6l-.
·aTLd appor-t.flJB8n'CU ·~heret$. andE1D7~4
's.itMlIlS .ot,
A. . .· $:oWeh torrents,. Ahn~),,"~.n~ 'or< ot;h~rpa.r
ments ar.J:~ from· the o.ersht, of ·e.a pnpert.71 and
IJ..
t_
i l l rigM..Utle, int. . .
.at....... .t aald.
~d.m !~f ,__ ..ame .or Rat,UN
A.mme $ctimlOh h'~: :~Q aJ:,l, obUg&tlona"
OOIlt~ or ett1~e aad1!theth:er.erht._~~J'~
by Iobm ~ ~ iacl.v.41e& lntt· rfe\· "~~. to ail .
rights in. and' to IJ.D7 and aU eolla.i'.a.i .,,?o'r.;·. ~
or all iftlCh ohl1g~d~iQftS MEl the rigl\t to." sue~r;col'"
led tI1lOh, ob12:gs.tions•. f.lm.l iac1a.41q ,.artled_~, .,', ".~
to ••
Cl8CUI'1' '
l1&at.lGa anaing on aecoat. ot
t~:e
d:'alln1711,ber· ,.
Bob..... ..,.r of, eel$airt ~. 1ih1e'1ll ftN . •~~ted; " . ton
~ .t "i)eK
P~deDt.. I. tatm.'ItCacnplilltT:'t:
l.aU.as t !au" on tAe booka otaa4,d CefJlf.UioflT.
It.,.r.
lsprope.rt;y.t.h1n the t1n1ted stat. 0'IiID-ed1 OJ' ~on'\rou.ed by a
aaUcmal of a deeigttat'ed enem;y eoutl7 (:ae.~). J
.
.
pro~l' d.es'cribetll 1ft ~ar~plll "'b~t is
_. . ...,tor ~hema1nteA&Zlce
19at".u~.~tot1il'&r pl'Opert7
4. DetermiJd.ng tha.t the
{J1~
'e>r'
tUt ~.t0Te d. .~ kt,sa.1I,~pJl ~)'be..lengbtg
to tu .•_ .-leal 0: the a. . de~eI _ _ mm.t17
....J;e• • 1l8d1ng (MrS ia· fas • .,te4 b1 W:a. ..a..).pusuant tG
Seet10D 2' of'8aid EJtecllt1ve Order;
ant
. 'hiD •
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S.N'erm1Diq t.hat to th._.eat that such Jl1lt:hm&l is a personoot
cleelgRa1.e4 eBeBlTcnatl'1., \ki ft&\j,GMl .b1te~ of the
Dldtr_ It&t_ rerpt1rea t.ba ftcb , . . . . lie' treated ·as a.ftstiomal
ef 'be .~ 4es1~ tItI'I8!IV .......1"J"(~);.
nUPUCA1E OR\mM
�!m:~UCEDA~~~~~;'
!\i".. . ' ~.~ .,.,,'
.At~\~.,-
'~ntry 6~'-A -
/ac ~
File /'0, jGcr
Box .349
.
em. real pl'OJi...,. in CalUOJ"ftla
-.getker td.lh lIIIIrl.,- .....~_ to tile
.........'orb"" .... ,llJW!llei •
i'
,
Ae1me
,.:eW.ch
6. Ba.v18a;aa4e aU det.1"1l1bl~lon& aad taken aU a~iot1, an,er appro
oouultat1• .-d ~i.f1eatloa. reqv.dredol said. ~1ft
Order .. let or otbeRia.•) ami
pP1".
,. D~ ,\ ---"U7 18 \h. ma\!o&l. interest;
C: .'
her..,. ves\s b tche We ProP&rt7 ChlStodiaathe propert7 4e8e~ 11'1 $Ubpua
sraPtl ,. kl8J'8O:t.f.o. be betti, ..ell. acIm:ta1at.en4.. 11q.\d.d.at.ed." 801d. or otohe:Mds·.
4eal.tt 1d:\b 1n ,he kt.enst.. of and for theb.eti' of the lnited stoatelJ;.
.PJ'O--
. . . ~7 • .ad: arq .. all .tIC the
t.lleftlJOt•. ,Iatll. 1). 'he1<i 111 ..
epp:J'Opd.ate.,.,1al account w aocolJ.ftts. P'ttding .tunber lIletel'ldinatioa of tihe
.Jll.en '~TCu$toUan. T.b1a .hill aotbe 4eem~ to llmit the pO\!I'8N of t'he
,.pm,. .. the ,Pz-oecnuan' \!he it to
tller_t" ..
!ltd1cate that compemaat1. 11111 met..J'. pS1d
~. ~7 ~_
e~ be 4-.el'1ll1.Ded
8ub
1n ~ thereof,
:ret.~ ftoald be • • or' au;ell
it
cOaIpengat£_ &b.ou1d
ene.
,.pm,.
A"INT penoD,.
a mati.a! ot· a des1grtat_
,eClJ\UJti1'7, aaBerttlta, .,.
elaibl ut.a1Rg a a .resalt. .f tUa oriu~ru. d~~.;t.be AU..
eut...
dian anot.loe.t tWt c1a1m,topther with a ~est'''~~" a.~ tbeNOD.• _
. . . . .1, WitoUn eae '3lJar. trom the diat• •rMI, oJ" .tMa . .tl·~,!l.1"' 'tc1me u
J'JJIrT .. ail......
tb a.t.a:heJ-',y.
·1IDt~. h. . . . .ta;tce:_ sbill
"deemed to·consUtute 8D . . . . . fit t..he existacs" 'Validity or diht. to al
1naaoe of .,.sIlcb 01. . .
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80.
be palll.
te
t.,.a..
fte tems tlmaueaaJ!' _4 "4eIJ1pa\ed _ - . 40untrr 88USQ4 herein shall
. . . the me_I.g; preae:r1becl1n.Sect1_ 1$ otaaicl Bacut1ve0rf!er.
BIXee'Ilt._ at
W-bt.ttst--, D. t. on .a:a.'Ul7' 'J.l. 194'.
DUPUCATE ORIGINAL
�REPRODUCED AT THE NAT\DNAL AKC;H'Ve~
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Box
1'~13
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I\L~i()F':\~E):,
C(1r,U11itt;:~f;
';c: Th'c:>:,:c,)t1Y<",
P!"oper~,~'
J~~ 1 8 1943
c!' tt"e (,[fice of A
Cllstorjjan
Tte Division or Tnvesti[ation and Research
Real r>roperty 5i t L!R ted, at 115 Rumy SLn:os:, Rldondo Ueach,
C&lifornia, and mone,V credJt.ed to the accollnt ()t' Fl.01:'J;T't
Fe J'=r, o'n:~'c;.j
f:.enne 3chmich.
SUBJECT:
t,ttac!'c.::i hereto
C,')rrtr:,j t t~e may wish to recol'lITlf.:nU
A.
The
A.Lienr'ro~:>r)rtJ
},8
a re,)ort upon the basis of whie"
t},3
tlu:~:
Custodi<:'J! find:
(1)
That Aerme Sctr:;ich
,:; cH':'z,en of Ge:-man.y whose last l-:nOWD
3.ddress is Ortenaustl'..'.:.ESf'J ry, Mannheirn, Germany,_ and is ~!
!T2.t ion<Jl of a de
1";-;01':,"" cOl),ntry (:;-c"!rm.:<!'.y);
(2)
Thc.t A~nJ1e .sch:;j,i,cr: I)Wr.~; the re'il }.',l'oper
iI'!, sub
po.ragrap\! C (1) Lelow, and t,loe money c,
to the account
of RobeM, M,lyer, a ,3 desr:ribed i.] cubp&.rSl.ST;:\.~'h C (:~) telo\!\';
(1 )
Pursuant. ~ oS.:: c l:.ion ? ( c ) of T!:yC" c Iyr ~ I/t: Cl'L:::' ~!c. 9895, a:3
(j,:;iended, that th: L'sney credH,ed t) ~l'{:: f..ccol'n+, (': ':;/_>':.
v"'/"" '·'e"cr~h("rl ~r'I "':J""l·r·l")' .... "h I'" C"') h"Jo'v "'" ""p.r~""s~r'" +'C'I'"
"!-"
V
t,h9 mDin~el1i:~!1~1'; rynd s"fe?,!;:,'rdinr:- of th(' real ;.;ro~)erty bt~lomr
i~" to Aenne Schmich, rle9crib~1 in Rubpara~r3ph C(l) ~~low
Rnrl sub ct. to vestin?;
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The .~l.ie;1 n~opert.y Cilst...orlia~ v:::st, p~)~sua:1t to the rl~o'llisions
e..'t
....
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Sec-lion 2(c) or Sxecut,ive 'v'njec No. 9095.: as cn:ended,
Alll'i,~ht,
U,tJe, interest and ~st:".te, both legal and
2ble, of Aennc 2chl:'ich, in~nd to the real propert~r situat;:;0
&t 115 Ruby Str~0t, Redondo 3each,
ifornia r ~O~P pArticu
larly des~ribed ~s Lots 1 and 2, j~ Blo~k 190, of the City
of Redondo Eeach, Count," of L0S AngGle~o, State of California,
p,~ per l'J1.3.p ~eC'orded in B00~t; 39,
1 e t, 3BQ., Miscel1am';o\J,s
Records
Count.y, to,:r8thcr with .111 of the fixtures,
im;~!"'ovement3 and appurtenances P";::>l'e:tc, and any and all claims
of :~.er:ne Schmich for rents, refund~, tenefits orother pa.y!01ents
arlsine frow tl,e ownership of such property~
(2)
$723.83 cTedit,ed to the account of Robert Mayer, Pn~~;ident,
J. t(ahn & Company, Dall':::E, 'l'ex::J s, on th~ hooks of said cor:1pany.
Pomer Jones~~hief
Di vision of InvestigaU.0!1. and
r{esear~h
�/
I
.I
CON F I. DEN T I A L
i'
OFFICE OF ALIEN PRO PERTY CUSTODIAN:
,Washington"E). C.
DIVISION OF INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH
REAL .AND PERSONAL PROPERTY SECTION
INVESTIGATION REPORT
SUBJECT: Real property situated at 115 Ruby Street, Redondo m~aah,
California, and money credited to the account of Robert Mayer,
owned by Aenne Schmich
FILE NO: 9-100-017-5014
I. PROPERTY
(a) The real property situated at ;t15Ruby ~treet , Redo,qdoBeach ,
Califomia, more particularly desOTibed as Lots 1 and 2, in Block
190, of the City of Redondo Reach, County of Los Angeles, state of
California, was conveyed by the Title Insurance and Trust Company,
trustee 'under the will of Michael Mayer,: deceased, to Aenne Schmich,
by true,tee's deed dated May 8, 1935, recorded in the records of,
Los Ange~~s County at Page 362 of Book Nb. 13355.
The property consists of a single dwelling located on parts Gf two
lots. The house, which is about 20 years old, has 7 rooms, 2 bath
rooms and a basement. It.is situated in an improved residential
area, and is presently valued at $3500 to $4000. It appears that
the structure is in need of three principal types of repairs, as
follows: (l) a ne'\V rGof, estimated at $120j(2) painting, estimated
at $140; (3) a new'plumbing system, estimated at $400. The Opal
Realty Company, 419 Torrance Bt>uleWlrd, Redondo Beach, california,
has managed the property since 1935, and states that it is in fair
condition. The house is now, rented fGr $30 a month, and has been
occupied for the past 2~ years by Mrs. Dolly Baldwin.
(b) On llfat:ch' 3, 1941", Aimne Schmi,ch turned over the sum of $723.83 to
Robert Mayer, her brother, to be held by him for her. Mr. Mayer,
.who:,. is president ofJ. Brahn and Cbmpariy, Dallas, Texas, reported
that the money is nGwcredited to his account en the books of
J~ Kahn and eempany, and that no further funds belonging to Aenne
Schmich have been accumulated by him since that time~ In view of
the fact that taxes on the real property are ,due, and the house is
old and in need of certain repairs, it is necessary to ~St the
money belonging to Aenne Schmich and credited to the account of
Robert Mayer in order to maintain-, and safeguard the property.
II. OUTSTANDING WDrS AND ENCUMBRANCES
....
Taxes are due om the real property in the &mount of $106.30 for
the first half of 1942-1943.
'
" III. ALIEN INTEREST
Aenne Schmich is a citizen of Germ:any whose last known address is,
�~RE'PRODiJCE1'-AT TH~'NATIONAL'ARCRI\lES
Ortenaustrasse 7, Mannheim, Germany, and is a mational of a designated
enemy ~untry (Germany).
IV.
SOURCE OF CASE
This matter was referred to the Alien Property Custodiamlby letter
of Robert Mayer dat.ed October 30,.1942 ..
Mary E. Riepma, Exam1ner
��..
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.
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·;.\,;;&~vi'LQ. ,~encuinhra:nces, and
';a:te:,: .m't:loria.ls' of':
not"
,11qu1.(datecl,; .
,ne*,(oel'\ef~<t" ~~
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�Entry 6s:A-/cb ~
File v'O, 36'1
~~_.349
���UNrrED STATES OF .AMERI~
DEPARTNENT OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
)
)
In the. Matter of the Claim of
,
Jewah CUltural Community tlf
ela.ia 10...39,1
vreDaa
,
Vesting Order 10. 8.3l
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
DETERNIN.ATION .AND RETURN
OB.DER NO • ...-.;..29~'~7_ __
------------------------------)
Notice . ' of Claim under B.ection 32 of the Trading with the Ene~ Act, as '
amended,. for the return, of property hereinafter described 'Vas" timely filed., This
matter has been submitted to me for detemnination upon, recommendation for allowance
by the Chief, Claims Section. Notice of Intention to re.turn. the property: was pub
lished in the Federal Register on August 7, 1956 (21 F.i. ,(76).
Based upon rep(n'ts of investigation, consultation with other interested
Gov;ernment agencies, representations made in the claim forms exhibits, and in other
documents of record, it is determined:
The claimant was the owner or the successor of the owner of the
property described below immediately, prior to vesting in or transfer to the Alien
Property Custodian or the Attorney General as successor to the said Custodian within
the meaning of section 32(a)(1).
The claimant and predecessor . in interest, if any,
receive a ,return of'property under section 32(a)(2).
18 . eligible to
There are no issues respectin.g cloaking, royalty adjustment or renegoti
ation liability within~the meaning of section 32(a)(3')' and (4).
. A return of the property will not be contrary to the interest of the
United States within the meaning of section 32(a)(5).
The claimant has not been represented by CoUDsel and tl1ere are
for the prosecu.tioD of this cla1lA. '
.
,/ ,
'
110
tees
.
Upon the basis of the foregoing the claim i8 hereby; allowed and rr IS
ORDERED that the property described ,below be returned,'subject to, any increaseor
decrease resulting from the administration thereof prior to ,return"" and after ade
quate provision for taxes and conservatory expenses:
$1,1$2.;3: in.the., Trea8ury ot
the. lIm ted ,. statel
J elfish Cul tural Co_unit1 of VieJllDA
Schottenring 2,
Vienna I, Austria
"...:'
.
�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
Entry
,
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File '/t)·,; :.,:
Box
OFFICE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
NOTICE OF INTENTION TO RETURN VESTED PROPER'IY
Pursuant to §32(f) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, notice
is hereby given of intention to return, on or after 30 days from the date of publi
cation hereof, the following property, subject to any increase or decrease resulting
from the administration thereof prior to return, and after adequate provision for
taxes and conservatory expenses:
Claimant
Property and Location
Jn1ah Cultu:ral. QomDmn1ty of Vienna
ViermaJ' Auatr1a
Claim No.
$1,152.33 in the Treaaur,r of the
United ;3tate8
4'951
,vesting Order No. 831
Executed at Washington, D.
C., on
For the
Attorn~
General
\~-"':"~ t) t..-, / I"', -r"-'
lA "LA,'
.,j~ j I
Paul
v.
Ntrron
..
Deputy Director "~',
Office ot Alien PropertY
• ___
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.....
Executed at Washington, D.C o , on
For the Attorney Generall
�t'ntfy 6 S:~A ~~ ro6.3
File \j,O~ B
31
Box
J4'9
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1J.,.t.Pll~PE~,t'!
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w.'~t.~ton
CUSTGDlJUli
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Delnb,ltz.er, decG$.eelli
r"'7..l.J)"'~ E.
f .. Se.c.117J;
,:oller tbemtth.e:J'ityot the TradlJ1g _ tl
Ex,~mttlve trt&l' 909,'
1'.•"7,
~h~ ~ta-;r A;ctISiAl_hdJl~(tt
91).(1 'lt~,eaa:m,t
as ameu\led t
to' law.' t:t!he
~k.l1en P!~..
eu.~oUa. aftepf..l1:'f:s,stlga:id,QI!!.,.
n,allf.·,ns
tba' ..
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ft•. ,"p.•rtf
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t.
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't.d.:p«l!~~ .~.~ .fl~laatzJ!t ..
J"ere:lll le.luiJeJ;4J48,tllJt,t.6,IofTieana" w:b;Q"J$ .l.si,et
• • • ,$d\treas .. ~.~.. (:.Aust:rlf.1t e$·~!itWl
,11$Ql".-.slvr,· .
.And 4,$t:em~~:nln~ .tllat. ...
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. I t s\u~il· 112lt4;~Qv~ .. 1s 6llPe:r~0n ~Gt ~ttlllalit d~$:l~ll
$~.4.1!l~" ~~t17~. t.h•. llH'it$Olial· ta:t$If'~st G)'if 't,l'l$
tl~lttc~ua a'e;te~ ·~Jtq,111w$cm ttl1at '~'llCht.:r"~. )!e l.nr~a)tE!id .
~$a l1;at.toaa,l. ~t a~eJ!.tPft'''10nmrC)'Altlj!\tW·.
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after
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. . ··J,..ta.t~()·n. m:,\(iO$rt111,0,l?I. t.·.1c.·.~,...Jr$q~l':red by
(t .eG1l:1tll,,,,. Orfilaror Act 1')1" et,herwis•• an4 d~1;ng it
~8ee$'uria ttl 0. nstlgnal Interest,
.
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lTolJ!ll ~ 'b·_,~.tGrEJJ t.b.e Al.bllllt PrfJe:rr-ty01J$t'Qd:1'aa s;.el"e:tt'l",,&:mte the
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f.1.1.()w1ngp~oJ:e"'8;ndlnt,e?e'~'i: ~'-
Ul !ll@bt,. t~lt~,f;ll;I,'lQ,~~~'6"tenttq;la~1\1:t ct ·~~liW·ktndQ~
o.bt\lI'$o,eJ," 'f1hia:t:IGe:9.'el'., :l3tilxcn ROt)1f60h,1!td2*,fjp.1;t$,1:o,t
V~eJm. inaQd tetll.eJ:~~t,ti1 QfLo\'lls ~b't:t~er II 4ecsa,sed, .
to be bel,ti, \l,.e4.
a4m1:rd.ster&ti'''~qtl1d~t;~d.;· ~C)1:l3. o1"o'blH~;~yd,.6edell.lt
wtt:ll 1n \he inteHst: CIt .I>a4 for.tlle,ben,t,alflt(t
Saohpl"OJerty and .1nt.e;res'b
W14.~1.or
"b.•.
tl'nlt,e~ 8\l!lt<iltIl.
all o.f tile;
'~tleeCis t,;~0re~f
't:lhall be held. fa a sp~Qtal ~o:coun~. ~e.n4.1ng' f.u:rthe~ de.t$m.1.nlt-tt:10~ Gi" the
Allen 'Pl'O])elttJ e.8to~te••. TAts
eltall 'not be
e:r t.lle AlleQ P'N)ert, CU;$teMall tel!'etulm
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S1lQ~
It:atJ. t
pro:p.el..t.f
f.t;iil(ll
th.e }lOwers
:tnt$r'£Hat
G~ the »1".e~. th•••f,or toll'141eat$ t,ha'\ cGmps:ta<1Cl!lt1Qn V?~ill . t · be
pald 1& 1!eQ. tMl"eo:f't if and GeD. it .' ShQ'ti14 "
Duplicate Original
4i,e·temS.ne·d tl1atsuoh
�Any. pers~~. e~eept
assert~1i.'g:
.
.
fl
>national ,of; adeslps,\,ed enemy oonntI7:r
Q
•
any cla.im arieitng as a:re~lt of thi ~ .o~der m~y file W:i?th t:he
Al.le+IlP,ro.i>artyCu8f,od!~n
a ·ttpt1oeo:f. his c:1a1m.· tog-ether wi,th e. request.
to.r s, hear.1n.f? theTeCH1, '·o.n Form
AP€~~;. w:1,thl',n. 01'1:6) year from the dfat;e
hereof, .or vdth1·n such, t'urt'her timEr a's may be allowed by t'he Alien
Property Cu.stoll1tan•..
The termeftna;t..$.Qual," and
"d:~sil:IDtrt,$d ~~e.1llY
CO'llnt:rw'l
S.s,
used hereIn
. :s''h~11 ·ha.ve the mean:fllgspresor$bed tn. Section, 1·(.) G·f said' Ex:ecut!f.ve 'Clrder.•
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ttTPHIJ'JS/New YO.rk"
TO:
. FROM:
.13/
The Exeoutive Committee of the Alien Property Custodian
The Property Division, Estates and Trusts Seotion
(File F-7-l055; E.T.Sec. 1174')
REC0:MMENDATION
Jurisdiotion: Section>2 (f) of E.G. 9095. as amended.
Souree' ·o,fln,:eOmatfon?:': 'Fo'rm~':M?C-3;. 'unl ess, dtnerwi se
noted.
.
( 1) In re: Estate of Louis Dembitzer,
(2) COU;RT:
(3)
Surrogate t s, New York County, State of New York
.
.
"
FIDUCIARY:
:
Treasurer of the City of New York, Municipal
."
Building,
( 4)
,Deoeas.~d
Chamber,.so$tr~et
ATTORNEY:
-l.
1,'
-,
,New York, N. Y. ,Depositary
None named.
{($L DESIGNATED COUNTRY: Germany
( 6) :DESIGNATED NATIONAL:
... - ,.
-,
."
,
'
LAST KN,0WN ADE>RESS:
Baron Ro'tll'sohild 'Ro'spital
of Vlenna'~
,
(7) VESTIBLE PROPERTY OR
Germany
INTERESTS: ,Clash dlstrfbutable and,
payable to the 'above D1,3.tional, 'as fb11ows:,'
.
Baron Rothschi~d Hospital of V~e:ana
(Aus;trla) Garmany, the,',sum'of ~ •••'-•• $1153. 31
plus acorued interest or other inoome, and all right,
ti tIe, interest and, ()laim of, any kind or cl:l:aracter what
soever, ef Baron Rothschild Hospital of Vienna in and to
the Estate of Louis Dembitzer, deceased.
(8) STATEMENT OF FACTS:
Pursualit to an, order of the Surr6
gate's Ceurt, New York County, State of New York, dated
July 1, 1941, there was deposited with the Treasurer of
the City of New York on the 15th day of July, 1941, the
�!
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i
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sum of $1,153.Jl'to the credit of the aforesaid
- na'tiOna.;l:,,::su:b;j:eo~':'to 'the ':t\u:tner order of the 'court'.
•
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Vesting is recommended of all right, title,
interest and olaIm of any kind or charaoterwhatsoever,
of BaronR~thsohild Hospltal'of Vienna (AustrIa) GerInahy,
in and to
the-Estate of ~uis Dembltzer, deoeased.
Vesting is recommended.
-_FranoisJ• McNamara
Assistant to theA1.ien Property Custodian
. ,
Dated' J'anuary-20, 1943
�UCEO AtTH!,NATION~,\':'l~~~~~S !
... ~
if
llNITED S'l'A'l'ES OF A}IERlCA
DEPARTHENT OF JUSTICE
OFFICE OF ALmN PROPERTY
)
In the }1atter of the Claim
~
of
)
)
)
)
)
)
Gertrud Rudnai, nee Vogler
and Karin Rudnai
Claim No. 35729
Vesting Order No. 787
DETERMINATION AND RETURN
ORDER NO. _1 9""'5.... __
.... 3_
-------------------------------)
Notice of Claim under section 32 of the Trading with the Enem,y Act, as
amended, for the return of property hereinafter described was timely filed. This
matter has been submitted to me for determination upon recommendation for allowance
by the Chief, Claims Secn~bJil.. Notice of Intention to return the property was pub"!'
lished in the Federal Register on February 17,1953 (1$ F~ R. 946) and amendment there
to was published in the Federal Register on Febr~ar.y3, 1954 (19 F. R. 631).
Based upon reports of investi~aMon, consultation with other interested
Government agencies, representations made in the claim forms,exhibits and in other
documents of record, it in. determined:.
The clair.Iants are the o~mcr' or the succc~sors of the. Ol-ffier
of' the
property de~cribed balrn! i.':llllctii'1toly· T'rior to Y8~it ir,v,: in or transfer to the Alien
Property Custodian or the r.ttorney Cleneral as successor to the said Custodian. with
. in the meaning of section 32(a) (1).
\
The claimants and predecessor
in interest, if any,
receive a return of prO!Jerty undFJr section 32(a)(2) .'
are eligible to
There are no issues r(:spocting cloaking, royalty ad'justment or renegoti
ation liability ~'1ithin the meaning of rl!!ction 32(a)(3) and (4).
A return of t,he property 1rTHl not be contrary to the interest of· the
Unit,eel. States within the meanin{; of !]()ction 32(a )(5).
The claimants were not
services in this matter.
repr~sented.
by c.ounsel and there are .no fees for
Upon the bnsis of the foregoint; the claim is hereby a.1lowed and It Is
Ordered that the property described below be returned, subject to any increase or
decrease resultinG from the administration thereof prior to return, and after ade
quate provision for taxes and conservatorY. expenses:
.
Gertrud Rudn?-i, ne.e Vogler
and Karin Rudnai
Berlin, Germany
Executed at VJashington, Do
$502.16
States;
Gertrud
fourths
c.,
on .
in the Treasury of the United
one-fourth (J/4).thercof to
Rudnai, nee. Vogler and three- .'
(3/4). thereof to Karin Rudnai.
A?n 1;954.
For the Attorney General: .
.~V~;U>-Pa.ul V. JvIyr'oV
Depu.ty.Director
Office of Alien Property
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DEPii.nTl·[~~NT
OFFICE OF
De JUSTICE
ALr~N
vJASHn~GTm;.,
/
PIWPSHTY
D. C.
Pursuant to ~'32(f) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended,
notice is hereby given of intention to return, on or after 30 days from
the date of the publication hereof; the follm-:ing property, subje~t to
any increase or decrease resulting from the aciJ"ninistration thereof prior
to return, and after adequate provision for taxes and conservatory ex
penses~
Cl,l.imant
Property and Location
$502.16 in the Treasury of the United
States.
David Rudnai
Berlin, GermE'.ny
Cl n.i.m
[40.
J 5729
re
txecuted Rt>iashinston, D.
,...
v.,
on
1'0;?E/2!l
rLowland F. Kirks
Assistant Attorney General
Director J Office of Alien Propt~rty
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30x 349
OFrICE OF ALIlDf PROPERl'Y CUB'fO'DIAtf
Wash1ng$oD.
VlSTmG ORJJ)ER NO. 787
In ret
Es~ate
of Saq QG)ldstein. deceased
(l11e :NO. D-28-183&jE,. T. sec~ lo04)
Under the author1 t1 ot the trading wi'ttl!. the e:netIIJ Aet as amended,
Ex.outiVEl Order 90"
as 8.IJellde4. and pu.rsuant to law. the .Allem Property
cu.sti04ien aft er lBvestlge:t1on,.
F.1n4illg 'that
(1) 'I}'he property an4. intel'e• • he.reinaf'terdeJiH,rlbe4
erep~pe:rtywh1:oh 18 in the prooe819 crt al.la1s...
tratiott b1 'l1e '1'reSJ3'1lrer of the (:.1:tJ1 of !'lew York
8,S deposlttUT acting under tha3dlolal super.
viaion of the. SUr-rogate:f.s 00'Qrt of the ~eteQf
!lew York, 1n a.' form_ Y0rk: 00-t7;
,.
,",eny
ad 1D.t.eres,'ful are ps;yable or d.e"...
I1verable to,.. or cla1ae4 by,; a national of a
designated ens. coutry. Germany. namely,
(2) SUch
David Rubs! whose last know address is
Gel'J.nal11l
And 4etemBlas t.hat
( j)
It ncn nation~l laa person. mot within e. designated
enemy country I: the mationalln;terest ef the United
S'ta'tes req1l:ires ,that suen p·erfjoB. be 'treated as . s.
11.&t10n&1 of a ctesip.e:t-el·· _~ ~try .•;.;e:t"l.Uim"; and.
.
•
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,
Baving Dll.ule all determinations and t*en &.11 a,uian. after
appropriate, ceD-sult.tiol! and eert1:fleat.1on. l'equ1re4 by said
.Exe out 1VEl Order or Act or ot'henise, and 4eeming 1 t ne.eeasary
111 t.l1e :aational .interest.
.
Now,. therefore, the .Alien Property Cueto·dlan hereby-veste the follow
1ng pro-perty end iaterestsl
. All rIp't, tl"le, interest. and claim of tlRT kiad .or
character 'Wha't80ever of David hQ;llai in. ad to 'the Es".ate
of Sady Goldstein. deoease.d"
to be held. used, admi1l1stere.d. liquidate'l, sold or o't);lerwiee dea.lt with
;
in t he interest of and tor thebenef'lt otthe UBited States.
Such propert;y and int.erests. and any or all of the prooeeds t'nereof'
.'
,~~j2!hll
'.,'.
be held in a speoial aocount pending 'further det;erm1nation of the
'.Property CUBtediaa..
'his shall not bedeemu to' l1at the p.owers
l:llen Property Custodian to retul"D. such property
. . . DUPLICATE ORIRlN.4l
and
lnt erests
�, '~.'~
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~he
arr
~o
proc,eecla1Ulereo,f, or
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beps:i4 1:n lteutharect",$:r and W:hetl:>J\ ,s,}:n)~~ li>e,i!i!~te~nf!ldth.s;tsUd'h
ret:ul"J1 .eliaalcf
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AT THE NATIONAL AK(;I1IVt'>
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:.ve COL'..mi tt6e of the Llien Proy=:,:,ty CUf;tod jan
ta.t·es &. 'I'r1Jst 8 Scct i.on
TIle
6rty Divisicl!2,
(File
FROM:
• D-28-1836; F. T. Sec. 1604)
I~tsd ict,ion!
~ectic2.!~ 2 (f)' of Y. O. 2G95
( 1)
COURT:
8.1:.:
amended.
t":
of
~\~ eY-:
Fsr ;\'rI :Sody Gol:5st ein,. Dcce::'lsed
( 2)
I
( 3)
SUl'rogat e t
E,
:'; ew
Trea~"ur8r
,FIDUCII,.?Y:
York County, E;t
Building, Chr-:'.ntber::: f,treet, New York,
( 5)' DESIGF
York ,}[uni ci~)al
e City of
of
~Jevv
York, Depositary
ADDF?,L~SS
l'J!,TIONAL:
David Rudnai
( 6)
thr: 2bo\,r€
stributablc
( 7)
"
iO'n::\l, as folloVis .:.
David Rudnc:.i the cl:.m
8
(10
0'1
•••••••••••••
*'.
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.00
cCl'lled intAref';t er other income.
COM!:}Sl\iTS:
o:."ited. 'In.
of the Cit::,' of l'Tew York on July 17, .19 1
+0
the Court on June 24, 1940 to
j cct. to fu
Vo/~, /J,t2t~
Chief
Act~
8~S - &
:
GermElny
PROl?:rnTY
plus
York
fTrusts
Tree :3urer
1
purS~H~nt
e credi t of. t
to order of
aforesaid
ord.er of the Court.
~.................~ ''::::''::_:.:::::.=.. ,.~ r e c O!T:m e 11 d ed •
~~~
Section
Custodian
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illiITEDSTATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
CfFIOE OF ALIEN PROPERTY
In the Matter of the Claim of
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NORBERT ADlER
~
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,DETERMINATION AJ.IJD RETUIU'J
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Claim. No• .38226
~)
Vesting Order No. 2215
.316.3
-------.;.
, ORDER'NO.
)
)
Notice
of Claim under Section 32~~f the' Trading with the Enemy Act~ as
amended, for the return of propertY' he'reitliif'ter described'f(as timely filed.
This matter has been submitted to me for determination upon recommendation for
allowa.nce by the Chief J Claims Section. .
'
Based upon reports of investigation, consultation with other interested
Government agenci~s~ representations made in the claim form,' exhibits and in
other documents of reoord, it is.dete~ined:
'
The claimant
property described
Property Custodian
within the meaning
,
was
the owner
or th'a suocessor
of the' owner
of the
below immedia1;,ely prior t:o vesting, in or transfer to, the Alien
or the Attorney- General~ ,assuccessoJ:;"t;o ~he said Custodian"
of Section '32 (a)(lh ,; ,." ,"
,"',i
,
The claimant
and predecessor, in"int~rest, if any, is
a return of property under SectioD: 32 (a) (2) •
,
eligible to
re ceive
There are no issues respecting c19ak~lg, royalty adjustment or renegotiation
liability within the meaning 'of ,Sa,otlon 32.. (a)(3)· and (4).
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A return of the property wiil' not" b~'dbntrarY to the interest of the United
States within the meaning of Section '32(a) (5).
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The claimant has been representedby' Mr. S. Allen Vatz, ,of the law firm. of
Weil, Vatz, and We1l:, Pittsburgh, PeDDsylvRnia, in the ,pros.ec~tion of this claim. '
Mr. Vatz'proposed'fee of 10$ of ,the value of ~theproperty to be r:,et~pe,d meets ,1;he
requirements of Section 20, as am.ended':by' ,Public !Aw 611, dated ,JUl),e 25, 19,56.
.
.
,
"
Upon the basis of the foregti':4!g, the'6iairii "';".is ":"h~~eby allowed and IT IS
ORDERED that the property described: b~low be ret'u.i':n:ea; subjeot to any increase
or decrease resulting from the administration thereof prior to return and after
adequate prOVision for taxes and ,o~ns~.~ato.rY expenses:
'
Norbert Adler
Flushing, New York,
Execu1;ed. at Washington, D. C., on
$.300.00 :,in the Tref:!,sury of "the UnitedS:t-s:tes
,,' '.JLA;I~:' 'll
. ,For the At1!orBey; General
(if~()(
~ulV. ~o
:pePuty.D~e<?t()
Office of Alien,Property
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VESnNG GIlDER
221.5
nriBEB
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·(1'11e ~2849"; '.~!. See. 6902)
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Ui'dertbe authoriv ...,tt_!r~ td.th
ExecuUve·Ch14er9095.
'a8 _ewlei~&IId p~ewaat
t.
ellGm7 Act,·as a:IIISadecI,·aud
to law,
~ Sl.!Ien 'hio~
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Custod1aa·a.tt.u imrestlp:tlOn.,:
PlD41l!g tat ...
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an properfiTwhf.dI '1s .lathe f.Z'OCess
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at
etrattoa bTT:bj'f.fil.tOa·trustCo~ ot Plttsburg~
439 rue ATea.~ .fttt.sburcb,PemuJ,lvaDta;lf4&ar
I., .~f rau:ftlla!Ull1~_t .stores, 'P1tta~b..
.. Pe,DB8,.l'hflial aD4Capttr.iDOl.tveJ'> 81f hli:fmana, U.~S.l...
Plitts_ab. PeGQJ'1"__,
Co-eDc. . . . . a~_.·\III1ertM .~.t~.~BlQa
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1e,;'IJta.aa··D~t5Wre.,
qlvm4a,
(2). SuelI.p:o~_~ts .... pqableo:r deli....
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'8I!I.8I1fl' COlmU7. ~,. muael.7,
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Mr.. IItcob Lomaerat&4tW
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. (.,) If such -t1Oaal.8;; ~ pe~seu not w:tthta a d.elid.gaateci .
eaem.r co1llltr1i 'the"aatJ.Oral mweat ef the tld.te4
.fta'tes req1ll.ftathats:uch }\MQ"iOD be tre&te4u'
DBUoul.S of a 4e1Ji:C-t~ ..,. couatrJ', h1'lralO''l aJd
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prJ.ate comiv.itatloaiiDd ·cWtitieettol\. req.u..tre4 b,. sd.1I Execstve
ON. 01" Act or otherwi.e,·aDd deem1Jtg It aecesear,r fA tlJa _t;io~
tat.Rlt,
lOw. therefore, the
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [9]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-9
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0922cc73f6ea8903aaafb6daa354b02a.pdf
30634d45fd02b9e7a7a9f9d0ec74771a
PDF Text
Text
II
,
RG \3 \ - OrlP
.Entry hL{- 0-0 Ifl/
>File,
Box·
l:;;uJ!5 '
-19/1
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [8]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-8
956181
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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f91d495f6297fcca61dfeb6a595155df.pdf
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. RE~IPTl!'ORPAYMENTdiDEBT CLAIM PlJRSU;INT TO
SECTION 34 ,OF 'IHl'!'IF.ADING i'IITH TIlE :E!NEJl,lY ACT
ACCOUNT NO 0 ' 34~6749
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Pursuant to section 34 of the. 'frading with the Enemy Act, as
amended, Amerioan Union Transport, Inc:o
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a corporation p has heretofore filed· with the 'Alien Property Custodian
or the Attorney General of the United St8ces the above-mu:lbel'od Notice
of Claim asserting a.debt in the amount of $60.00
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• The corporation as aforesaid, hereby acknowledges receipt from
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Sept. 30, 1948
.' drawn on the 'freasurer of the United States, for
the 'sum of $ 600 00
, with respect to the aforementioned claim which
it does hereby aoceptas.being in full compliance with Payment Order
No. 103 .issu,ed, pursuant to a Determination of the Director of the
".Officeof Alien Property, Department of Justice, datedSeptember 20, 194:8
:iib9it " and which shall constitute a discharge of the indebtedness
. represented by the claim to the extent of' the amount received and no
more'p in acco1;'dance with se'ctlon 34 of the 'l'rading with the Enemy Act,
as amended.
,In Wi tBess Whereof, American Union Transport, Inc.
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corporation as aforesaid, has caused these presents to be executed by
. Mo. M. HolZer
its President, hereunto duly
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American Union Transport, Inco
the corpor~tion described in and
. which executed the above instrument j that he kuowsthe seal of said
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MEMORANDUM TO::
Henry G. H:Uken,. Chief
Operations Branoh
ATTENTION OF:.
Wal terJ~ Roth,Chief
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Robert V.' Stormer, Chief
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Pursuant' to .your memorandum dated
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dated October '21', 1948. Our check No.7 ,427 for $60.00
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Duplicate Claim l!'ile Noo 1205
Oenerel File No. .I.i'-M-512
Upon receipt of this memorandum; you are requested to
".makea,flial review of the.accoul1t of the debtor and if you find
. taat no'ckWlge is to :be made since . tae date of your prior Audit,
.~ you are requested to' approve . the enclosed voucher and forwa.l'ij I'Ji:WB
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" $ 6O~OO . . " payable to the order of Ji.1ooricsm Onion 'l'rensport. lno.·
,If you should find. that the account, as previously stated, is sub
. 'jectto revision, thereby necessitating an adjustment to the amount
indicated in the Paymel1t Order, you are requested.' to return the'
files, voucher: and rel,ateddocuments to this office with an appro
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the document entitled "Receipt for, Payment", the check nUmber and
the date of the check. The original and three copies of the docu
.ment entitled ,ftReceipt for Payment" are to be mailed, together with
the. enclosed letter, to· Ame1"lcWlUuion, ;fi'fmspol't~ Inc., 17 .Bnttery
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are to be sent to this, office together ,wi th ,tb.efiles and a memo
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torP6plSA'''~ laqtl8ilIl'U.JJl1cete, tor the sum. Of .fJ60eOOba1nepe1dto you
purelAMt 110 P~'OriGr, No. 103 of til., Office 01.' l\lbm 1~ope.rt1 ... TIle
Or~&1rasl. duplicate or1&1l1al,aM. trlpllo&te or16 11laJ. arliJ to btl t)161.1~
elld dated by the hedden' ot the uorpor~tlol1, flttf1sted to by t.b.~Stilcro'"
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'W.I. L~e7f QbletiC~pvollor·sBr6.l1oh, otf10Q of Al1~n l'roport¥. T~('),partineA~ otJuUoe,. 120ilroudwq.
York '5, Nl'tw York.
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Upon N0EI1pt o.t the :pl"Operly oxecuted dOCU1ll.lllllt. t>'lr. !J!owuey
tinl deliver to you a c~c'!t dra,Wll 011 tl:ul 'l'l"eQsurer· ot the Uill t'8d :;:tu'tes
and p&ysble to ylJq1" ardor 1ti the fllJl.O\lU; of ,;j:60.00~
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OffICE OF'. ALlBl1 }'ROP2I\'i'Y
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Account" No.
Union Transport, ?Ie.~tJ'rid Webs
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Having oonsidered the above debt claim arid
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. hav1.nli:hsued
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Ilete2'lll1ntation
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is, incqrporated byreferencCl herein•.
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IT IS
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Inc. of 17 i3l1ttery f'lace, '"
New York;!>. Y., the 8W!l of
~)60.00
fran the
OCCQUl1t
No. M..(J749 ~
r~"'(louted
at Yiashl ugton, l:J. <.: ".' on
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I take pleasure 1n enclosin", for your
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reepoot to the· property' of Manfred ·~1eis.B Steel
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'September 13. 1948
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aamu~lE:ei'Oa. Ohlef '
D9btOlaim8. Seotion
Attent10ns. :Armand B. DuB01s .
SOlI1:mTt
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Exoo\i.1i1ve;Order,· N()~~9. a8
page 3
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'CABLE
AMERICAN UNION TRANSPORT,INC.
It. DORESS
"TRANSU NION"
AI. 1. CODES USEO
FO REI G N
"
F REI G H T
B R 0 K E R 5
AND' FOR WAR 0 E R 5
,DIGBY 8-1200
TEl.ETYPE NY 1-2611
GENERAL
OFFICES.
17 BATTERY PLACE'
NEW YORK 4; N. Y.
August 2hth, 1948
/7+_
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,Office of Alien Property
Department of Justice
. "'WasJ:iingtcin25',' D.'C •
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.Gentlemen :
In view of the small amount, involved and in order to eliminate further delay and
extended correspondence, we informed Mr. Cooper that we wish to 'Well ve our handling
fee and charges for interest. In other words, if you w:Lll kindly arr.':U1ge that'
we are reimbursed for our actual cash outlays amounting to $bO .. we will consider
the matter entirely closed 4
We are enclosing herewith a complete set of vouchers from L",cb:Cl'Tanna Warehouse
The bills date from May 27th,
Company; Inc. shovling the amounts we paid them.
1942 to ~pril 28th,. 1943.
.,
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We, hope this information 'Wi 11 enable you to dispose' of this matJter, and
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V~ry truly Y9ur~
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AMJi.1tICAN UNI~N '£RANSP (Elf, INE.
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C. Bruun
(12 bills)
23167
A '- '-
S HIP MEN T S' ARE
HAN 0 '- E 0
A S
PI!:. R
0 U R
G ENE R A L. T E,R M SAN 0
CON 0 I T ION S
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�LACK,AWANN,A
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629 .G.ROVE STR,~E,:T
JERSEY CITY, N. J.
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W 5/505 .
NAME
~r1can UI).ionTranSport Co
CITY
ON
II STORAGE TO
Invoice No..... ·-.·c ·---------·
, 33 'Rector 'st.
UewaToIit City
ADDRESS
I
Qualitity
I
Terms: NET CN3H
CIlMMODIlY ,
,DrWmJFe:rro' PhoSphor'ous
Anmwt Due
38790
TOIAL '
RATE
5,100,
$5.0P.
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�629 GROVE STREET
"JERSEY CITY, N.J.
Telephone Journal Sq. 2-3360
Date.__ ~;rl'ma_~22 __ 1~2____________
NAME
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Invoice No.-------_____________
",55,Rector St.
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American Union'T:t-ansport
ADDRE-'lS
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Terms: NET CASH
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STORAGE
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RATE II AnmWlI Due
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NAME'
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Ameri can Union Transport Co
33 Rectarst·
New'Yark
APDRESS
Invoice No•... _................
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Terms: NET CASH
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Quantity
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00 II
MISCElLANEOUS
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JE:RSEY CITY.N. J.
,Telep1:aone Journal Scj. 2-3360'
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NAME .'
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, STORAGE
Invoice No... --~-------".~----.
27.11 10'
Tenns: NET CASH
Mm.-' Cal or
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Quanti~
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AMERICAN UNION TRANSPORT, INC,
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"TRANSUNJON"
Al.L CODES USED
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17 BATTERY PLACE· NEW YORK 4. N. Y.
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Attl Mr. DavidL. Bazelon
Assistant Attorney General
Direotor, Offioe of Alien Property
Re I Your File No. JS:JWW:dbl
Claim' No. 1205
We have !ri' our possession your aoknowledgment of receipt of the
abo,,?,e,claim and'the ])l:a.cement of same on file, dated Marchlst, 1948.
Todate we have n~ . heard: from you :i,n regard ,to this claim and
wou;i.ci :v:ew:muqh appreciate,your advising. us as to the pr~sent
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,', We1:s1J,Steel,& Metal Works'Ltd.·yested by' this Office, ttu~ claimant
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. '~AMERICAN 'UNION',T'/<ANSP0RT, INC.
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TEL.ETYPE NYI'Z611
17 BATTERY PLACE' NEW YORK 4, N.Y.
Febrt..ary 13th, 1948
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'Office of Alien Property
Department of Justice
Washington 25, D. Co
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Att: Mr. Julius Schlezinger
Gentlemen:
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Chief, Claims Branch
Off:i,ce of Alien Pro~)7.0rty
Claim # 1205
Your file: JS :JTM :liliM
We refer to your letter of JanuRrY 14th, '1948 with reference
to the above 'captioned matter and·, pursuant to your suggestion
enclose herewith' a duly executedAPC-IC Form in duplicate.
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"TRANSUNION"
'A L "··CO·CES .U.\>.E..D..
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:We trUst this will now enable you to dispose of this claim
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Very truly yours,
, AMERICANUNIONTF.ANSPORT , INC.
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, AI.l. SHIPMENTS ARE HANDLED AS PER OUR GENERAl. TERMS AND CONCITIONS
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and dated Sept. 22, 194 Z)
upon inspection has been found to be in proper form substantially
and is entitled to be filed officially; and notiee that it has .
been thus filed, together with the file number assigned thereto,
may be forthwi th forwarded to the claimant•.
REMARKS:
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5.6 Stat 3')0) 50U$0 '1\}p81ldix 781--785
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"OEP"i~:rMENT OF JUSTICE'
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.~~~~W::~~·?J:>\,c/-'.·' "r~?~'~Gl?~ 2. DC.. '
8 1947
OCT
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claim,'with • ".;this, ' Office' pursuant 1;.0 'section
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. '.'. ,,;', The ,above-named ,persqn has asserted a debt
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Office disclJse debts oVling by the
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inform this Office of the existence and amount of
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R:,fE"VED'fZ/.~
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.. OCT.131947 '...
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David L. B...lon
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Assistant Attorney General
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DIVISION
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Number· 1471
Be:. ,Ten~s of ferro pho~phorousJ
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and auto- .'
.mobile parts, owned by !1anfred ~1eiss Steel·
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STA!J:IES 'OF AMERlaA.
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Uride'r' the'authOti~y of·th~ Tradi~g with the enemy .Act, as amended, end
Executive ,Order~ No. 909', as ,~ended, and pursuant to law, the undersigned,
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'!tmttMeilf~edWeiss Steel & Metal Works, Ltd. is a
O'O:t'POtre:t1'c'm' organized Under the laws of Hun:~ary, whose
'. 'of' b'lisin~ss is atV~ Maria Valeria Utga. 17, ,
?r'I:IUCUlPeIBt.~?I;too;gl~·;;,aild.,;isa .. ~tiQ~ of a designated enemy
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·'. ;Ii8ckavPanna Warehouse Company J Ino., 629 Grove Street,
. Jersey City,New Jersey, in the neme of Amerioan Union
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4 x :3·x 2 feet in dimension,
Ford truck. parts for converting ordinary Ford .
·t'ruoks to six.:..wheel drive trucks, presently in the posses
..,Sion ib;fMarmon";Herri~aton Company, Inc,', 1511 West WashM
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· ::::1?,~~rtY;,!.iti?in·.the 'Un;ted states .:owneaor controlled by
.r$.y~,~n~~::()f::'a·'desi~tederiemy oount~r (H.mgcxy); . .
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;:,·~termirl:+ng .. tpat>.:t:o :·;th~:~te,nt:\"that such national is sperson
In?~,::rrithtn: ~
designated ~riemy country, the national interest
b,r,~l;~",~iteQ.· Stete.s'requirestr;a~,SUOh Person be trea'ced as
", a".na~.icmaJ..':of .the'¢'oresaid deslgnated enemy country (5mgary);
.·. . "~;'/~.,"'~I., ",;,':' .. ~.,.::,:."';f
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,·;\;:~.~«5l...~Yin~fm84.~.e+l;.determine.t.iorisa."1d
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teken all action, after .s]!
.::,~:.;~~~-:j':t,::::~;)'I:,,~,p~9)?r+El:,t.e',:consiJltat,ion andyeI,'tifioation, required by se.1d .
, ::>'.:,; . '": ;,.:. ,:, ~,¢p.t1~ Order .or:.ACt. or·o~herwise: and '
';:6~ 'tie~nAng: fit 'neoessarY'inth~ na~ional
interest;
herebY'V,e.s.ts in the Alien Property Custodian the property described in subpar&
greph :3 "her.eqf , to' be held, used, administered, liquidated, sold or othervn.se
·deaJ.t with in ,interest of and for thIS benefit of the United States.
'
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+~'U' , arid. any qr all of the proceeds thereof, shall be' held irial
..
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-aoCOUJ;lt,or aoOOtmtSt ,pending further determination of ·the,
'"-~,"'Q,",, r'T"{W,\~'T'T:'ir,; "'.......,."'~ ...,.........,••).: .'1liissn8l1riotbe deemed to limit the powers "pi :the
:·f;ltl.~,tc:ld;~.~··.' .r"eturn;s.U~':pr6pertY or the prooeeds. thereof., or. tf
'\'oo!InP4:m.se;tj~on,W111.n.6(~:9~::;paidln lieu thereof I if and when it
:such
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.·~:·:):t~~J::k';}:,·,
be mede or such compensation shOll
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of a designated enem countr'
assert1
an
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VeEiiting Order :Number 1471.
.
T~ drums of ferro. ph0sphorous, and
automobile Parts, own$d by 1,1anired ,'.'
" '. Weiss. Steel i&MetallJi6rks,Ltd~. ".. . ' ....
,
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'. 'Form APc...l, i wit41n 'one year from' 'tille .date hereof, or vJithin such further time as
. IIU:lY be ellowedbythe l.AJ.ien PrqpertyCustodian. Nothing herein contained shall
. ,:, '. 1:ledeemec~' to constitu~~ an a&n~sSion of 'theex1stence, validity or right to al-,
::;. _ ,,':lo:wance of roW stich' claim. "
--
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'.
'{<tit,~\:::,;,{',_~::~e,-termsllnat.ional"and
'.
Ita..esignated enemy country" as used herein shsll
': ~~''':'.J".hB:Vt~n{)r~eM.ing!3:presqrib ed·;'~,n.-"~c.t ion 10 6f said ~eC'Llt i ve Order •
. '" ,t~;~!,}:~~~)j1k~:)};:.,:~:::'';:1:,,~;:''''t',:;11~ "',::, ',J;; :;':;;,:,",:<: ,: ~ ",/, ': .:,
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(Official ' eeru.)
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Leo T. Crowley
Alien Property Ctistodirul
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JWHITEHALL 3-3400
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CABLE ADORE!;"
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"TRANS UNION"
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American Union. irain$j)o· , hu~,
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FOREIGN FREIGHT BROKERS
&:
FOH.WA.RDERS
.1::&9"':': Re·e~Y;0:R''''~"S·'T'R''~E'T·
Anmican Union Transport, Inc.
17 BATTERY PLAcE
NEW YORE: 6.N. Y.
.
NEW YORK 4. N.V.
September 17, 1946
",
.
Our Ref.
ottiC~
'of Alien iProperty Custodian
WasldDgton 25 "
D. C.:
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.
, We had plid therwarehouse about $66. for warehouse oharges
and are anxious:I to recover our outlay. ,
,.. '
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Hoping to have the pleasUt"e of hearing from you at an ear1;y .
date" we are
Very truly yours, .
AMERICAN UNION TRANSPORT, INO.
~a~-~--.,Carl Bruun
I.
!
. - 296
.I
SEP 18_
~LL
,
SHIPMENTS IARE HANDLED AS, PER OUR GENERAL TERMS. AND CONDITIONS
'
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8-933
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Entry t/-I-- 0- 0 tll/
File 1::2 O!d
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AFFll..l
RMS
I 'iED PI .
.
AND AGENTS
THROUGHOUT
THe
WOR!.,.O
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CABLE ADDRESS
"TRANSUNION"
ALL CODES USED
:3:3 R E C TORS T R E E T
NEW YORK 6.N,y'
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No, 1205
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As you know, we have a claim of $66.00 against this transactioll
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and s~ould .,like i:very much to close out this old matter. Will you
:! . . . .
have the kir:l(3171e~'s to inform us if anything has transpired since
~ ,1..
you: wrote.u~arid·if weoan do anything ,in order to bring the matter
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.t 4your kind .atteI;ltion, we are .
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"""~ \'·.~ICAN .UNION 'IRANSPORT, INC.
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May 17, 1945
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;,Vla"sh:1ifgtort:g'J:~ ':iP~C •. ,
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'Re:
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'Claim No. 1205
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We take the liberty of inquiring how our claim is cOming
along.
, You will recall that during the'beginning of this war,
be, shipped, to
&
'Due to the out
br~a}!, of tJ;ie :war, itbecam,enecE;.1ssary for us to put this ship
',in a warehouse and we paid, the monthly warehous,e charges
, ·to Cl certain point, when the Governmen.t decided to talre ov'er
'wereceive~a shipment of ferro phosphorus to
MapfredWe~ssSteel
Metal Works in Hungary.
"
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':'ofitp.e·;fact :,1;4at:we.hav:e;.::~aQ.v.an().ec:l charges amounting
"'.-'~;(',;;)'~'·'-r""L'.I. ...
'·.thec:G6vern;iri:erit~·>;.;rIl hold us harrnless for
, '" ", ~·a4Ya,Ilc~dt·h~ri()~.:4il:r:~,·9~ai.m was filed for the
""!,, ...
~.~,.'...... <Pf;/q~::·>:. ;'.~
';: ~:. . ~ ,.\ '~:.' ,,::,'; < "';. '.'
.
.
", th~~:G~~:~rnmeri;t' ha,d n9t,t'~~n,o~er the' cargo , it vlould,
; ,p:a,ve:';pe'~n~~dld:To~g a,g?:.-for:> s'torage charges" if such
'been· :Pt3tmi:ssabJ:e~ . "'Oilr . only .int erest in the entire mat
,,1s·j;o,r.;ecover what we, ha ve a:dvanc~ and anything you can do .,
,:faci:l~ta~te ,this rna tter,; will be. greatly appreciated.
.',
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\ Yours very truly
AMERICAN UNION T.RAlfSPORT INC"
C. BRUUN
S;l~ON
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CABLE ADC
"TRANsur
ALL CODES
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FOREIGN FREIGHT BROKERS & FORWARDERS
,
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33 R ECTOR
STREET
NEW YORK 6, N.Y.
I"LEASE
REFE R
TO
S-933
~-D
3, 1944
in this matter and if we may soon look forward to receiving
,
.
, .
,
the .small item of i $66.00 which is due us for storage charges.
I
Your s vei'Y truly
AMEHICA1f UNION TRANSPOHT INC ..
~tW~
C. BRUUN.
CB:mkf
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66
NOVS_
AFFII..IATEC -FIRMS
ANO AGENTS
THROUGHOUT
THE:
WORL..O
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TIILItPHONE
"TRANSU~
WHITIIHALL 3-2922·7
Americ~{8.,.~nion, Transport,
,
InCa
"
FOREIGN FREIGH'l' BROKERS & FORWARDERS
33
R~CTOR
NEW YORK
STREET
6, N.
"¥".
July 20) ].
Office of
Alien Property Custoclian
Washington 25, D.C.
f{e:
l'
Ln t; 1:' (2 I>::: j: V e d
r2t nut
this
from you with reference
V~! 8
cembm,'
your letter of
I
th.
,
TilG! history of this case is
I
"
~Ve received 'mercluindls.<?
, question' Be,l·ry 1940
during the regular "COU:C:38 of bU;,:j.:CH.?SS for rEifDr'\",;:l1:'ct g
OT1
cd V;el"sQ St~~l ~ vl\:~t' ~ ~OI·l\..Q
11'1 B'u~nn~~t'
to M
,',
Hungary. Just about , ' tha t time it beCdl:18 :Lmy:,;;;si bIe to
ship to Hungary and the shipment v,la!::; J)lc1,(;\~d in LacI':.a
wanna Warehouse. Since we placed the shipment
ware
~ouse, the warehouse looked to us
r payment of warehouse
storag~ char
s, arid we paid their stor~&e b Is every
tilon thupon pr,?sent<:),tir)n.
,
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For some time the buyer's repr~ entative
New Ycrk
reimbursed u.s with CiUl' ou t,lays } but bJ
e til;!,,; the
Government seized
car} there were storage
gas
to
I
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e:'~tent of ~ii66.00 ,""i:deh haG.
We ask you tD
8.J1Y v,,:' Ciy' in t ere;3
lv'
J_fl
bc~?:c:
that we are
lfi
rne r' c i l~,~~Zl cl jM S e ,.
It
lor'
in,;
r:::nts) .':l.i
t,;:; ou:c car.e 3inrnly <l:3
the ~f,66. 00 outlay, must be consider
the merchandise. If the Government
:
~ot
V'f[:L S
Vi(;?
in
211"tl"l'L1 S
t'ecl
feel that
ainst
goods) 'th,en
also h01d us
,:;;';:3 Ei, LL2!J
;:;li2izGS tl!J~
we feel certuinthat
Government
harmlt:::ss for
ac1v::l.nces we
made.
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i.
It will be very much appreciated if you v"i11 i,dncHy let
h:now what steps we are yet t:)
:L1'! or'de!' to settle
ihis matter as far 'as we are c~ncerned.
f·
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YOutsvery truly,
AMEEICAN
IrTC.
C. BRUTTT\T
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CABLE
<",ELEPHONE..
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ALL CODES USE!
'
FOREIGN FREIGHT BROKERS & FORWARDERS
33
R ECTOR
STREET
NEW YORK, N.Y.
12/18/43
Pl..EASE
REFER
TO
8-933
,
,
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,
. -Offic,e: af Alien Property custodian
. W~shington" 4., ,D. C •
'
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Re: : AMW: JLG : rnb
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Claim No. 1202
"
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Kindly! refer to our claim for $66.00, representing
our outlays for storage charges.
; :
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Not be:ing very familiar with this particular type of
claim,; we take the liberty of. inquiring if you can
'1< ( i n f o r m us at this time when we may expect to receive
, ,~
settle:ment.
~':
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ADDRES~
"TRANSUNION
3-2922-7
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. ;Thanktng you' for' any ,attention you can give this
matter, we are
,Yours very truly,
',AMERICAN UNION TRANSPORT INC.
L
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'
C. BRUUN
!
CB:SG
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..REUfIVO iDEe 201M3
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FIRMS
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.~N.D A~e:'NTS THROUG~OUT
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WORl..C
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"'DATE:-:':::'":,,, \.' ,'
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:,' ;~L:·<:/,:"':'", The ati;;aohed' notioe :bfolaim of the above named
"o;lji:t#~~~:{b.:~~ing,. Clai~No.- ' "12(Kt -" '. and dated SOpt. 22. 194_Ei
,', 'upon ~nspe.Q~i()n"'hasbeen ,found to be in proper form substantially
" and i~ ::'e,ntitl,~dto be filed officially; and notice that it has .
"been thus filed,together with the file number a.ssigned thereto,
, may Dei 'forthwith forwarded to the elaimant.
':.. ' .
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REMARKS: ,',
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Stephen
McMahon
'ChiefiClaima. Unit,
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CABLE ADDRESS
"TRANSU N ION
/I
ALL CODES USED
LbJIDl~Je]f(~UN]ON rf~s1t[»OBT~:illNc
:
FOREIGN FREIGHT BROKERS & FORWARDERS
33 RECTOR STR'EET
iNEW YORK, N.Y.
I.
October 5., 1943
PL.EASE
RE eE R
TO
S-933
.
. 1
•
.. :~:r'. A•. Matt Werner, General CoUnsel,
"'Office of Alien Property 'Custodian
Washington, D.C.
Re:
V-147l
,Dear Sir:
Attached please find "Notice of Claim Arising
As a 'Result of Vesting Order", which we ask you to
kindly place in line for early settlement.
Yours. very truly,
AMERICAN UNION TRANSPORT, INC.
~tL---.
C. BRUUN
. ENe•."
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ALIEN PROPERTY r:!JSI~A~ .
ftEUttVEI ocr '( 1943
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FI Ft M 9
ANO AGEN'i9
'iH RO UOHOUT 'i,H e;
WOR L.O
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CUlstc)dian only after notice of the place.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [7]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 110
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-7
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/4acdbad9bf8b46b50f979ef656870d8e.pdf
eaa53e0f9e7a0225a6d093e073d7a2a5
PDF Text
Text
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meres ll~ld flfi.3!1c1al circles in the tJ.S.j~. 'be, 1t a,!lY com,t:,1)l.s.:;;ry
.~,nd dlacri!llQte action \I.'ould be, t.akcHl by a (cre1in £over;~',ent
Qea1n.atAmerlcan private assets aQd lnv.,tm.Jlt5?~ould tt.te
C.3. M~1n1str$it1o!1 aceept anyaetlon 'by a foraip £ov:~r;I;:''l.e.nt
dl1'ected ag.ultlSt or pre:udlc1nc vital prlv8ite AZier1can.l:1t~r ...
est,? ;iiould the U• .::.. goverament ap.pro". or any aetlontakea
DY a tortiln governme!lt, in 8u;:'I,ort ot a.,aot.ner torai{;tl gover"i
illent, dirac ted' tOl'4tArds idelltitY1Ai: a;,ld preJucS 1c in.!;. Ju~el' 1clil'l
in ~.re.t. ~nd invol tmer.lt. 1n such other country or cou:1tr1Qs ';
6, Cons 14erlng the prima!"y pUrtlo•• tor whIch tore tgll fu.uds in
the t',5.,\~ weI'. tro£8.o., ~:oul~ it not be falt' to SliY tbllt sLice
hostilit.1e. heve long ceased, th••• turlds should be 3ur!,~:1(~e:re;I
I~ t the Imrllest possible moment to the rl,btt'ul oWners, prov
1ded alwa:vs tl'ioat !tQ e,ueiil,,' Llt:;l'est, eltti.\~r directly or' i,~Jl:r~j(;t
..s
1.)' 1.
J .. Irb~;'i.S,et
:~fto7IQ4
ted 1:1
~ueh
ret tota",,,
fAt
funds'
,isgts to sll.n frol/'ttX' CustodiAll'
tt"Clit';.
The reason tor the ecmtempla ted tr$.~ltH·.r h&&~aSil. (U3:~
crlbed al tollow. J
;A )n.dl a.cessl ty to, terlllinQ to {oretln tu:1clS con.trol :~~~j. ths
c~rt1r1c8tloA Icnecea at present 1n toree.
.
b) The ,low progress made by the exlat1Ili e.el·tlf1(;fJtio~" Ell';':;arlg$
menta.
c) The exhaua t lon of' the fund. voted by CO..:'lgress for thEl C;.~fiC{l
Funds Co.illtrol ElM the unllke11l1ood ot 41cldi t3.(Wiil
crl!t1J.ta belnt iliad. available.
It [laS a180 been intimated tha t once toreign tu~.c.s
sbti':'lld have been transferred. to .th. All.n l;roperty Custod1cai,ltbS!
. certlftc& t10n prooedur. would !10 longel' be allowed to tunc ti("~!l.
Furthel'oore, It apl·eal's t.tUi t ~ 11 tor.i&n tu:.td8, ..he theI' Q;lel::ji,
tlcn-e.ne.my or neu trsl, 1neludl:lg ~'W 1... assn t.s. would f.l:dl u.;]Uer
of
t.he
For.1~n
;'!'~.:ta
t.e. r . ·
.
It. 18 clear tha t' the Ofrlcc of for.len Fu.l'lcis Ccn.troJ.
to be liquidated .ooner or later. It 1la1 also be eor:r0ct tl~i.i.\t
l~be certification procedure Main some Cases not given the e:x
.;.otiC tedqulek r.~ul ts. fJu t tn.•••c ta cou.ld never jus t1fl to CQt~
sider alien assets not certified within a restr1ct~ ~erloa as
e:ler::y property.
SIS regards i,\'i.A§ P.f5pti llro;:Wr, the ce,!'tLric~;;~.1o:J. ::;/~:,'::~':;:
r.. ~S 1.'1 fact. caly become ')}·~r~lt1v0 slace ;,~~rch l&t, 2.j4}, o;;,:la€ :"0
h.~.l$
~lgces~it~·'
to
cr~.:d;e
;;he
ne(~Ii;";;:$':try orcl~
sat10H
;:l::.::.:.<:"'~t ..
I
.1 •
I
~
�I'!EPI'!OOUCEO AT THE NATION
AI.. AI'!CH1VeS ,
..
L'i;',d to pr.~artt tile detailed 1i:l~~ru\!tioae
8X ta!\t of the veri' co:::.,'llca ted c04Y.!i ~10;lH
l:,~ 1d dOiJl,u for the p\lr..~o.e_ Since theat certlt.1ca tlon h·~$ !l~de
s& tl.srtlctcr;t and rapid proGress in 80 tfir 8' physioal, Cf;tlEU·!.i of
te, IInga.e qU:'-illfied .tatt
4isto the lUf.uwlngand
\'t4!r~ Qoncer'::led, wb.resl5 tl19CO.od.lt1otl8 rulln~ for ::ti.Q
.
c~rtlfle.i tlcm ot op&ra ttJ\K .!ii.rld uon-op8ru t1ng cOfJ.j:1t1:l1eu t hc:l,~ i::&h
e<::H;'}'!.~1'tt1n4nc. trust., ts!:.lly toundat1ons', I.t. rtr:rl.t1re .~ ...
tEtt1.&l,enve.tl,.tion IHlQ are a ir•• t obstacle
~h(! early oer
t.1tloatlcn
aasetll of collective ltastltutlons of ~ll k1!1d..
asset..
'0
or
i.::ntil November 30t.h more than 2/) of .i.iSi aaseta Dave been eeL'
t1tle4, aUld over lOOtOOO certlt1ca tea have been 1•• ueci 0)' the
:.i'lt 11 S COIIijioa8a'ion Orfloe, lliclud 1.n:g tbOae OOV8T ina doll€! r
••curl tie. pbya1.c&lly deposIted 1:1 SWl talfrlCl!ll.
In accordance wi th the a,r••~.nt' 81i!led be:'QI •• n ':;'!\Q
~~~1 ted· st. t"es and :;;w lsa go¥.rlU'lle!lta on i10vebar .i:otl.!., 1946 , tilo
~'i.l1ss iOVErnment aceepte<l t.he oertltlca tl0:1 prooe4ure atl.:! u;'l>.h~r
took to •• ,relate all enomy .sset•• In vl_ or t.h1t w4dertfikLl,i;
and tile efrort. _de by 'h.e $fi 18' C0:i4pena8 tion Office to 1l0COl'#P
11&n their talk in. tM oborte8t po•• ible ti. . , it 1. ·lndl.fG!13~~~ls
to ,1ve the SII111 .,one" t.he neceasaryt1M to acco.m~llsh tt:tsir
taak, turtheZ'Iiior. t eel't.a1n coltpllcti ted co!1dl tiona tor certlf1cl'~
ticn IhGuld. b" s114,;.:,lU"184. It, any 0••• , thea-i•• C01:lpensr.ltlo;::.
('ffice wtden i. resspona1ble tor the Ct.rtItlcatlo~'l .houle aot he
peualile4 tor exeaut1zlg their 1Ia:i4at. with the crautest Ctiro. l\i.f&'
Pl"8ClI1o.n.
'
. The transr• .r ot
,~;Vf1 ••
aa •• t. to the A 11en Pr;;)ferty
GU9tod1a:t 1& ,her.Core completely out of the quettlofl, s:1noe :iO
''It.1X t of theae ••,ets, .xceft.:\.~ as •• t.s whieh \'i.: i l l be fIIet";l'eg:}\:.ad
01' the ~ 1.a .£ov.r~UU'nt, 1& ema=¥ prop,rtF_'
..
,.11
Concern-in;
j.I pf &hiE Ai ,19M 1, , 4epos1 ted. 1:1 :.;.'. " ..
. "~ -U-- .. !lBm. or SW1.s bank., &nd. other f1.ranc. lnat1t.ut1Qas, tl~e
L
.
.
re>:~uir-ed prior cross-cel't.1tlc& ttoc. ltf the reap" t.1v. 1'Qrelgn
gOV'(tl"'!U" ,n.t &,8,:10), 11 the ~1.n Ob$"~.cl. to the ultlcatli' c+.tl·ttfi<:;·iiI.... '
....
tion by tho ~'w1.~ ComJHlfUi'~tlon Office and tht. CrO&8-CHu't1ficatio:l
~heuU1 . be abollab.ed. l.a the OilS. or Fre::l.ch .a.eta hele! thr-c\;.iCh
!iwit&erlan4, the cro'B.e~rtlt1ca tion by tbe 'reach .office· de t:h!i;'lt;'
:lfll8an totally unnecessary s1nce the ;),,'1.19 Co:npena8 t10n 0ti'ice
w til onl1 certify ftOll-eaerq ~rcp.rt.Y and 18 1n tllt~t 1n Iii i~cll
better po.IttioQ th,sA the rreMh ac-nq to •• tabl16h the eCle:u:y or
aon-enllly' *t.D.tu.. of French a••• ta, It 1. almo.t uclWied. tn.r~t
eaemr inter•• ' ••• r.co~•• le4 ,01" oloake4.under French names b6
tOrtl tho outbreak ot the. war. where•• Che books and corregi"on.dG;~ce
of the ~\t"8$ bank. will abGW olearl¥ tbe .mouat. 6nd details or
as •• '. bAld b1 ,.•• ideau ill F:riHlOe tat tbe reterence da t. f1x~d by
the Altier1C:UHl ".t;ula tlon.s. and aubs tantial bell.ace, or s6tcuri t 1 ~\i,
added t.hereafter aus t. 'Oft jUtt1!!eci
to t.he or1g1n !lnd ao~:rc~
where tlle7 .a" derived 1'roti. The ...qulred • .rola-e~rt1f1C:1l cion i.:i
under pr.ae~lt cOllti 1t1cllI+1o l.nc!uceunt aut tile prl~l<: 1i/tal rGB.3'~{j to
detain Fre:lCh holctel"j from havins their al.ei$ cert1t1e4 &'::'U: ;~c
eru.ll,. 1n their attitude is to be expected eV.:1 1t nO;1-eertifie-j
t'r6tlCh 8.sset.. Iho\;:lc! be trHnst'etre4 to the Allen j-'r,?p.rt~' GULH.od.b.r
'the .ame apv11e. to f-asseta of resident. tn It.ly" the more au.
Italian .assets in :,;,'#1tzerlaod haYe b.8n tre.d 1::\ Oct-otter 194("
'" 1thou t all)' Me.Sli tl tor c:ross-cert1tictl tlon by e.i.l It.[lllan
~;overnm.nt t~&fitu:~l. 110".'>' c!.)",.:ld .it be Justified that Itnlil.H~ O'~·,:lel·.ii
cf' 4u1.1Sir ~sa.ts deposited. tr.rough 5\51s3 ba:1.kl 1:, \..~.;;:,.&. sho;.;:
:s~o:.;::lt to an It~li~~l cto;i~-c.:irt1r1catlo:1l!i'h.:l t.tAlr iJ::H~~ts i:',
,>:r1tzerland pro~.r were ;.ot SUbJect. to :~uch il 11f1litat1cn',
a.
'A'
�,
ARCHIVES,
REPRODUCEO'AT THE NATIONAL
"
- 4
It haa be.n lndic.ated t.hat by a traut.,. to the h11&~1
Prof:.rty Custod,la.:1 th. (orelin holde..s of a •• ,' tl could be £'.H·e~~
to rwgiator wlth or l'Ul're~ertb.m t.o thei,. reapeet1ve gov.rur:;;e.at.
or, f ~ 111,1£ 'told., tha t they could ta. 00=1:.11.<4
share tobe
A~,."l•• !1t• .1t ,a1er 'a Dul'den by hl&. v1.tl( t.heir "Isetauted, -directly
orlad1reetly.. fof' t.n.. f'i:lI!IlCl.nc o.r their cour,'tIt,8£' rflco,a8~ructio;'1
, requ1rewmta 141 fore1l11 CUrl"e:tlCY. Both tl'aB alms \\t'llJd mt be obta ined.
F.t.,.8t or all It ••, .. Inconceivable \ltlder the orl~ l:':lal
Trad1lli w1th the Enerq Act that. allen a ••ota oall be trelikte4 i;,}
i3ulk a. ell8uyprcpe"tl for the .ole r ••iin tbet they Aa'Ve aot
been cel'tlfl.clwlthin Ii 11<e4 per104, alMe ;
,
a) It 1•••11 L'l08n thtat enemy ••set• •apr•• eAt Ollly an. Inr'l:J.1ta~1. .1 part of the total of tGH1In ••• eta,1n U.$;;.k..
b) all ,over!ll1enta haY.~.lr.a4y ukea acti. . . . .
or l';..av.
tOl"m&lly un4ert&k• .o told.ntlt, lirA .,.,relate .n.~ 1nt~rests.
Apart tram tne qu•• tlonatll. le,el •• pMt ot the problSt;,.
thtl trA!.t.Bter ot all torelgn &3setl t.o the 1.11'1l~rop.rty \;1.45 to\11~;1
would deleat ita aatn pUI'Jl08. to 14ent1t1 t.beat whereas !. t would
011 the 00:1tra17 bloct, th•• e tu..'lI11 at111' turther 1!la t.a4 of brinK,l:lg'
thf.9::" MareI' the u.lt1.mate U."ltr•• :lnr; a~ t!4flU W1U4ta.r,· .MlflCY~Cl~t
tor COttO true t 1v.purpo••••
'0
,\.IN.
"a
i"£iS t1 qtiJ, fl'M.' at "rM'.'" tq' 61
fliRI")" CY.I~sx\.4t..
,
\\.btu·.as blocked tlOn-enemy O'lall b61anoe. (il:2d ieeUl"1t14iPS
cC.a ."lQi>' be \la.dtor ll\1mGrOUa tra.n.ttlctIQM w1 th1n the 11~1 ts ot tr~s
lam t 8st·.cUlly tor Illv.a tJaent am! nIny•• tant, ,tbe1r tra~'~$rer to
Alia,a Propertl CUJJtoclla!l would r ••ul\ 14 • 10•• to all t.'art1em COJ....
earned, but oapeclal17 to Ul. American !u aut.h.orlt1ee. ,Taxable
"evaniUt 1n. brokerlce!" tterJd,41 eomm1•• iou, atll$p, r.es a:r1 lac!:)!!!!
a. O!l l:0110c ted 41'1 den4a and. lnter.aU no 4o~bt acoWlt to tiiJ.;l';'{
million dollel1", a , •• 1', w!lerelult.he coat of mall1t.tntlll ror'li~,a
F'~';.dt& Control even .tOl' a40thar perl. of & t_ yeare w01il14 ru"rdl,r
be worth ment,1041ac In, ClOm.iA.r111on wltJi the
t tl.'1aac1al
later.at. 1.:1",01••4.
Oona1der1Ql eU .ap••" ot U. ,"bln. it •••u c14ar
tba\ \be t.rantr.r of \he aon-e1lUl1 torelill tu.n4a to trut ;,\llea
rtoperi7Cultod1a4 wou14 Mall '0 put \he Glock beok lt7 • ta'll ~or'e
years ,Ule more
1Nady aontloMCt t lbe ceJ>tlt1ca t.10D. pro-'
oe4ure1fou14 110 1011181' be allOll84 to tuAo~1oA, .•a.b. . .nerha\11ng
to ap;ll1 to the Allen P.ro,el"'1 Cli.t041a.D tor UIa ...1.... ot his
prop.rtf'. It wou14 allo niaN ,ana 41.oou.r.,. tr•• et1,.r,pt1ee Qrid
rep"•••4t • SUN tan.tul 10.. of 1aA:sGM to t.b.e fr••au17, w1thou t
be lQ1,.' tAo allahh. t u. to all1)a041.
'
"
'
Abo. . . . l1 tNeb ill measure ..OUU procSuce • moat U!JH~rr~;'~ t
ed ahoo4c. 1n all L'lt • .v.rua tIonal tl:u..uce ~nd tt~Sl:1$.i c lreles, whlci;
sho\;A14N 6'1014ri at all coate.
111 801 c&•• the tr6:wte:r or ~h. W2Ce:rt1t1ed aaS'l/,ts to tJ~
,1'••
.0 •••
I.
ill." Pro-p .... t;y Oll.ttod1a.a would ,
&) kill
a eta ..mOVe ble , lnc: 0..- and tax Jl roduc i':'lb ~ ;ld.
eC:1..struct1.,"8 oap1 tlil.
,"
,
't) r.t'iI1er'll'!i.~osalbl.' tne .t"unctlonL
.... or t:-. p,.•• Elat ayste.z;:; or
1.n.stItut1ortol ,~lU priv"te lubs1d1e.e to rss1~.•,Q.tll 1:1 turope',
t!.ttl'e'by Qr.~t.1.no more hardship, more dl&tr.r.4l, ::.ore d1tr1(n.:.ltla~
the..
.. I
"•
�,
TIONAl.. ARCHIVES,
REPRODUCED AT THE NA
_.
---OEci~sSl Fl ED--'·-"1
,':.'':!7~:·;:~i
06f1D J. !
MVv
~:11lA1
I
~ It /Ii 'i i
8, .!JJ..c,- r~AP.o\ D2ta~U l
,,~,-~...'t"-""~"--'-.-"'''-~\
. _...
\
..
5
e) r4tnder b:.roaalbl. to C.I.®"$ tt.ese tundl certified us aO:..i-e':'l~;'.lJ
propertf and lurrendere4 if.) thea righttul. own-arot tor :~~~. eTt:;,· r ...
prl•• and produot!.e 1nvestment.
,
,The &11.,1<'1 ex,:.ec ta t10t1 tl~ t the trt :loa fer ot :.ca-ce,r ~ if le,;
('.It,d. to Alien Property C'UJI tod.1&n wouU 1nduo. tor81g~1 hclde.i.'s to
register or surrender tn.1r securitles or tacUltate tho ldentlfle
a t1o.Q 81lC UJe of th••• fund. tor for_lin ttnancinl p\ll'poaea 1s
totallT f.llac1ou•• J.r&irt tro. the tact th&t such atl'a.n.afarlf"ould
aVI'eat to be Ii) \UlOcna t1 iu tional b) oon tora!,), to tho aean1rti of t.l~(+
cr1&lnal Trad in{! ~ itb the ltnet&1 ct "nd c) ala ins t all prl,;~cl.vle$
sotflr pUbll.bed by the A<1mir.1strat1or: Inr.,.ard to t.he protec..lti(';.:l
1
of private capital ~ad tr•• eatarpI'1••• the tJ"~,f;.lit.r would !i.i:iV-r' n"
usefu.l eft·.ct wMt.oeve.r in. 10 tar a. tner•. 'Would be LO ol'~ar:;iID :;,10-1
lett to .ertltY and
d.rr....
tAes.
&.~.t.
or
.1n4uce tbem oa
~
volu.1tsry ~.ull.to .ontrlou;. t at le•• t in i:e-rt, t.oward. 1f.i tOl':1Oil
t1oi:.lAl reeon.ttnult1011. It !:ust alJlCl ~ cOnl1iS.red t..b..at lueh a t.r!i~'l;!:!
t.r to the A.llen f'roperty Cu. todlan. would be CCtl.lldered abroQ/Q "s: ~
first Iter. tCMarda •• lsure or OOtltlscatio11, 1t;,Pre:ullon Which 8iiould
at all coat. be avolded_
is. m
,'as .t .11'" ••"tl_
U,
or .forlten aas0ti to
1t has b••n lUi til 8. ted to t~V\! .a !leVI
ca.:1:sua macte of 6U toreign asseta i'itil Amerlca!1 walk.. ~J'\d t1.aatici:'ll
Lli:tltutlo.ns. j""rom Ii prlictle!::l polnt ot view t.h.. c.,nau& wo~ld t..;~rdly
,lve 84,7 uaetullntorut1on ov.ran4 abo.,. tAat wbleh haa real.. ltfJd
fro\il the first cenauI,i-"i1th the exception that 1Ia.Q,Y tul~G i.:..;;~v~ S1.nCi
~t;en cert1fle4 a!'l4 new tr•• tu.'14. bave b••
tl'en.a:errej ,t~,'';',; lork
';" n j,cn 1..'1 'Ull c••• would. not tell u.l1ller tn. c:enau.a. 'l.'.t.\e li\.irvOall of
~uch a new C.. .;uWf appears tbererorecle,rl1 to be to zoele.,. tilC4
;;t;1.z1!'il. tr& tlon. ot the urldertak1..ni; gl"8n a t tn. tira t eeZLSUI thli4 t the
rft,lulta would. onl, be used tor otficiol l~t.l"nal purl-to.ea. ThsreiB
f',0 t t.b,,,, all,ht.e. t doubt tha; luen an aettca would create Irtlvl.l pel'
tus,1ons abroad illGISlUCh as 1t. vlOl.14 oer,.ltll,y be l:lter,tJreted &:. ~
!;.Ire.elL ot t.rust .aM cO:'lflda,nce •. The census .ould requ!.,.. enor::';c..lUS
ex tr& I tat r aad 11 ora alld. 1t ..... 1.11" to sal til. t. at 1.4u t ,one
.... ,~ alt..rna tty. \0 tJa tralliter
tLI All.tot. Propert.y
CU$~llln
t.
fe.r would laps hetore the r8ault
_M..t
or
tbe eenaua could be worked out
tor practical pUl·pO•••• Fu.rthel"lIOl".t the oena\1.8 1110\.\14 ollly ,lve t.he
~~d~1n1atratloll
the
the
pel'80Q.l
flo"lolled altroad who enter-·
taln dtrect accounts and deposita ot .ocurtt1•• In
U.~.A., ~hereas
t.ne 'bUlk ot thea••• ts 'Would 11,.14 not De 1deut1tle4 _ In this COil
!'leoetlonlt would .e••• tratlle that the .eMU. should p,.lqrily or
even 0.c1u.1.817, olt ltlo•• parao~ who bad 'the cr.fUllt •• t conf1dence
In the Admi!llst!':4\tlon aad the banks, wher. ., tho.. 8 wbe b&d not. the
aime eontld8nco aDd preferred to 4.po&1 t their CCl,tl1 tal throuih 't11e
1lxterudiary of tore1gn Dank. wou.ld not ge atr.ct~. Would 1 t :~ot
be fa1,. to sal that the Actmln.1ltrat1on 1.12 allow1nctheuuutlt to act
~IS rlaoal agent tor tor.tlll lovernunta and .s executor 1.1 t.: • .:.:./,.
carl'encr and other la•• , valid '0[11, 1:1 the coun.tr1•• of o.rlti.1n ,
-,':r.n.;.ld become all. acee •• orr to the tact and commtt An .ct at l.ees t. as
cr1 t1ca\lle than. 1f 1 t surre:ldarect directly t.be•• aB$ets to tlJ.•
for-tlt:l aov(ttamenta ~o!1certle47 ltbal altA-ays
an Lltf1r~;ii t.1c(l.;:,~1.1y
C~C~iited I;rlnc1vle that laws promu.l,at.ed by &ll)' Govt'r:i.:~e':lt r.'iVS O.:lJ..y
ls,G;bl .:tree: t 7i 1 thin. the t.erri tOl')' of me ~(;Il,;lo1tr'1 cO;1.ceraed ~ ll.d tt
~'-ould IftCl5trar~e that tile U.:":'. gover:lment, tiho has al't'Jay. fought
or
"'.$1
.i'.
�REPRODUCED /l.T THE NATIONAI. ARCHIVE~;
-
6
-.
for the atl'lct maL'ltenanee ~nd r~lp.etof lr..ter!~.~t1onal lQ'ii
should .e th. one to til»':• • col'lletaly O;;s;oislte attitude 1,,1 l'~s~le{~t
of
Int.r~.tlo~.l
pr1vate
Inv'ltm.~t.
The sut,•• tlon. or a,Ae'Ii oansul lut.a tn fal"t l>oea bS.iSd
on the a ttl tude taken t1J:le -itO b1' au 1;Aj:'Ol"t&~~t ~llled love r:l~e:'l t
to~operat.. WJ ith the FJte.nch £overnuni 1tl aurr.ildarl~ lie the
latt.ar the priYa~,. ru.n41 QIi'}ioalted la that country_ i.part fro::! t.be.
faot that It 1s questionable whether au.ct. an aetl1. au!tlcie!l-t
Justif1cation tor the Admlri.1.tr«~tlonto adopt it as well. It ls
a t~ct that the .. 111ed CCVerlm811t in question has never made u;:..,;
Q t tempt to 14entltJ or help to aurre:lder the pI' 1 Va ttl FrE :1ch fu_:.:;1::~
japos 1 ted under the :uuae of "oreilll ba!1ks' ant1 .t.hil t t\;.rtlierr.;,Ol"lB
u.:1t11 ~'U.lt. l"eCellt.lt on.l)~ 15'; ofth. 41r.oct tun4e held by Fre.:1ch
lUl tlonala In ~t eount17 have b.en.•urrlndere4 to the F'rsilch
govermr.eo.t, Ylhich Inould , • • clear 1tl41catlo11 of 'C..he tact. th~t :1(.'
~ t t.ellpt 1• • t pre.ent bel.i'lt Dade \0 enlaroe the .11'.e~IiiLlt 01.:.tt;:; L.ieC
In the v•• t.
ti.S.i;,. and Sw1tallrland Dr. teda.)' the o:ll1 tYic, ::;ou..:-,tr1es
left I'll t.t. an entlH1y trfJ'e eurrena;y 11' tea, both cO'Q"J torie. are
credl tor end len41.na WI tiona a Jd bOth tlCht .. ,&.in.a t ll& t1ot;'¢:ili"(H~iQ;'!,
&oci~11Itltlon and. &£Binst a~ gover:l:Ieni act.lon dlrect~1i to CUI't;iLl
private '.t:.terprl.e artS. t:rf'iCaf:ltal. Would it ~.ct ••ett. e;xtr~o.t'd1:u4r1 that. at t.'l1.a Jun.cture wheath. whole wollS 1. Jaore tl)a!1 8V1!r
1~'l naed. of bop., conf1dence a:llS e:l1Cou.re,eZile4t atld.tt he,n tree 8at.:.l.'
vr1ae 1s ttl dan,er 11'1 '0 _ny cQuntr1•• , the· O.,s,. gOVt<raaierlt 5i~()'.;ld
&llcu 1t.selt to beCOM the 111$ tl'\.l.Jae.a.t ot .. pollc)' which 18 t!latr.-.
etrloalq oppoeed to· itl .n?
?
at
WOR'li 114
It apJ.le.,.. tba t
cirel•• tAa t t.he Alitirlean
&00","14.1' tAe whole buN.A
flfl1AQSnc
P'P't'Ria
the op1:'liGn 1. preva111Ljt 1,', v~r 10u-a
tax p.yer Can .:1Ot be opec tt4 to'
ot this aid pro,rall tu1dtlw t the ll'll~~
tor,tlll prlva~. rut... depo.1 ted 140' .J>. A. Slit. be ued beI'ore or
ala.ulianeCN817 to rell.v. at least in f;a.rt the 1merical). ta.K 1>&Y~;:· ..
Fllrtb4u''IIor. tne A••ri••" aM lnt'l'Jlat,lollAiilbe,H.!.ks have b•• n. re
.acb8d t.hat. \he,
I!I'oteet1.Q& tax dodginc •• ;1tal 6l!1d Jxiva
made no att.empt to 13dllC. theIr ell.nu to' aurr.ll~er thEir tore1iPJ.
curronol•• \Olliet, ,o,e.rllldnt. who are 80 auob 1!1 nftM of the:n. :'
th1. aDS 8s.mU.... reproacnu arenarc!lJ Ju.t1t1e4, 111a.~l.lcb 4:ti, t~~i6 C
banU .0ul4 not. be • .x,.ete4 to induc. tbetr clle.'lu to make. an
1,1vest••nt 1A -bien, a pl'101'l t • 10... ot 50 • 7O'fo must be ex.r1Gct.gd.•
l't 1s' true that tOI' In.JStanoeVren.c:h capltal has traditionally ~NJ.~\;.1t
diverllfled 1.nv8.t..mtnt.l in foreten eurre.:u:l•• but 1 t 18 equ."illy t.t"c<e
tt-Ul t a lar,. part or 'relloh lafittal depoa! ted abroad woulc! ret';.u·;.
heme or oOZltrlbute OIl a Yclunta.r1 M.l. t_al"4a the finiluclal
aeea. of their cO\latl"11f the lnte.r:lAl "onorA1o.. 1 and 1-,011 tlc~l,
oon:l1 t10tUI Justl!l. it eo:! It the "patriation could be :il~do
w,tthout p.~i.11tl and at oo;.dit.1ol'.t.5 which respond. S01"6 olusel;1 ~(\ t.h~
ii (~tual 1.!l tr1118lc VAlue of t~.lr ou.nencl.
lo " .... ur. Gould. ever" JUlt1tle4 which wv~"ld tWtve tb.g
pt:.:-;o,• . ot tore In.£ torelgn private capital b)r cOLl1}ll8iiiry ac t to~~. to
rar:a tria te or to eontrlwte, ai,,1tl by cOlllpulsar-/ me&.!in,u'S,i, to tL9.
.fi;~"nc1J1i "bicb the (;.$. ,ov~d;}ment mal dec1de to ira.at cE1rt~d.Z1
cou::'ltr1es of Europe. ActIon taken 1~ .. thls .8:1.8. wouJ.d. .::~O doubt
J:l,,\ ve f~r.reaeh.ln.r; ecm•• q,ueilces L'l the ru. ture, whereas :.:.nG ;.mj'lcrt.r:::I'::d
.1'.
of
~~j;"'1.va.. t.
t':>ip1tal wbich
~ciJ.ld
be lr.sUe aVI1.t11able by
eo~;uls&.ry
.A.
�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHII/E~:
.
__....
:"""-, ..
_.
- 7
would :lot 'be 1n iJ.'l#' proportion to the cenfilral Ih'uro})·eun
E.lld reQuired or JUlItU'y t.he ~oral .Elnd ~at.rl&l clf4n8S_ w£l1ch ·!'fould
be oau.e<1 by auehae t1on. The •• 1&UHOr compulaal"Y 5urrw!ll.iar of
the.' private lUnda would _1~p11 4aprtv. tne tor.l.n countrl.s
(!U;lcerrutcS otthelr last .,r1v&t. reserv•• and l"OiZOurce. at preas.at
~vflllabl. tor the tutur., "here... ;.n.y woU14 ,lq :10 cortstructive
~'lIlrt 1:1 the res t';}UJ"a tion. o.f their country \i!l.oje .. present. e1rcuo
a ta.'lc.,.
The O[~l1 pOI.ibl. way b7 lltlichtbe eQlltrlbu.tlo:l of j.~r1vutEf
CQPltal Is obtaLtUlble must bo on. a voluntary baat. lt tM. L.::'.
!,o"~rllmetlt a t t~lbu ~.G zoel.lll ttuldaantal lr.lrort~.:l(H" to fre-edoc.:: of
tril~., .xch.~'a and eop1tal movement ••••11 •• to fr•• 8nterprlse
,!IrA lav1!l1_ fhe U.S. IOVGrnaetl.i bas the 'p-owe.. 'to aubJ.ct t,bei.r. oid
to spec1f10 eeo.Qo'd.c eond1t10t18 'ilhlcb JIIUIt l#e tulfilled by a~
torelin IOvQrruJeflt iPflJ! inc tor halp, it t.lle, tluane 1al
1. ta;\ce
is too COiiti..:.tue Ur."1tll 1\il.lt'~.taur.t1on of lou!ld econ.o!i:.le .nd .vclit1c
ol C0!'1.1 1 tiel'll 1:1 • .act! eou~i.try ooncerned .bas bee.'1 o~tillMd. '..in t.he
otht.fr hand, '1L!1 for the tor.lill goyern,menta c:otlC6rwa4 to a.re~ te
ttl. ll¢u:O$ca:l ,.teoM 1 tioIIS on wl~lc.h they Gan 8.v.0 t troa the1r ;Ui tio~~- \
all ~H1d entltle= tib..~ to 1~vlt. th•• wlth hope or ,ucceo. to .ur
l"0rAer part of Uleir tor.ian curr.r1cl•• or to uk. them Bv&1l",':;le
for t.hfiar-..o.nyzous .ub!c.r1ption. to an 1ttt.rfl6tlo~r.al loan to be h:<i ...ad
in i:ue course. As lC~lg 'AS luch 00'041 tiona do not prevail, 1 t l;'ould
be a irilve .c:.lstake to take any "et1en "hieh. in IOU way or ot.:wu:
If;ould attect the fr••dome! private •• pltal and tbe protec 1.;10:1 in
law towhlcb it Is et1t1tled. Re.trietlGruI .to the ctern.al.t'!& IHlO fr<io
surrender or torelill •• Iet.a ahtJuld. 1~' ....v .a..ul 1M 11~::lt8d. to t-hos.e
:W. t1ol1ala wboae (:w:ltrlaaare apply1na tor rl~;;.anc1alhelp to ~he
1..:.,: •.',_ ander the European aid. protraa, where.s no rea.fin wntutso~H<ir
could tvel" be Ju.tl.fleclto reta 14 or bloek 8 till I\Irtner otiler
foretlll ao.n-.~lem7 a.s!!"ts.
:1;.8"$ll".'
.s,
u. PAAslla.l9M ::
there 1. QO doubt that the U.S. ,oyernm.~t bAa • great
task to rorl1 14 .... tav.:rl.Q1 Clo..'ltidetaae 1:1 the world aad tha.t 1 t
mar be almoat the oal1 one 6bl. to pertora th1~ beavy \elk. The .
p,o~.etloll or pl'l¥ate .!.lttr~r1 •• and private cap1tal .,b,ould ~et~J.e
baat. tor all aOllalde1"atlona &tli.1 4101810.'18 al4'lCepr1vata .~t8r,ilrlse
and private oapitAl will H .boat the only Jton.tr\1et,1v. factors
romaln1A& tor tAe r.construction of the "01'14 •• it 18. J,.ri1 QOiZ:~:ul
SGry JUQs\1.r•• Sl1Gu.14 &8 ear.tully av01deca, wbere•• 1t 5'ou14 t~ill O;':~
tb. torel,l1 to"9rn~.nts concer.'led 'to cr., t. sucb co:'id 1 tlon.s 1.:'1 tCf!':'lilt.J.ly
as ,"ould Juett!, :'1\. t\tll co:U'lt!ellc, et the1,. OII'.Q u.t1onau.
COMfJquel1tll tAe ut.:.l8te,. or tor_16ft nocl-cert,1tted 8$1::;. ~8
to the ",lieZl Property
C~ut.odl.11
or lb• • stabllahmeut of a
:16'ii; t:I.L13US
•••• t. '.pos1ted in O.~ ••• wou14 ~. Qireat ~ist~ke
Ctl~art troa C1villi .30 pI"aet1cal r".\.llta vorth.peak1t" ot. A~aJ' ::iuch
ttailaure ~'cn.:.14 put tl1e clook tHiok tor .ev.ral y.ars Oi~ld r€lta.rd r!!
of tho
torol&~
coverr and 'tH' e:lt.rpr1...
.
.
The ,Principal • tel' to be ta~.r& at. tlil. JtHi;C ture .Lo..l.ld
oo{uslat to otter every lucility tor tne c.rtltle~t!.oll of all
forei&!l gUJ$~t. z.n4 tlUJ ._,r.Ii.tlo11 of e::iAI:l)' faJ..I6ta.
.
In t1:,1. con~l..fl t ion I venture to make tile tollOW1Q£
.ir~gg;Q" t.lo.n.. ,
.1.
�R G \ '3\. '
FFiC S'-<:J" -. \"!;;> . ,
~ ":.
, Entry .
File btO('n,.s;-i"'j; G· . . ~r ... \
Box
Vol, i
REPROOUCEOAT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE~:
------
q;
",aP'li
L. fiJi 111 "'I§~I
Ii) ~lmpl1t1o!.\ tl0.n
of the o~rt1r1c.tl tloa proeec.ure .spee 1ral1),
1!l l"ecaN to oomi:,.!}l•• and other institutions, '
b) 4uthorlaatioll to SwlilUl Compens&t1o;. Offiee' to accept 1:0J' '
cert,lflcQ tio!! • HOn-fitr..fW.1 4eclsrill t,10il of autnor1sed i,i.'~ 15$ ,
baMslucn
tae been ae<lopted all'eJlt!y blGrG~ t iir1ta1;i
and CanAda.
c} bt.r~.lou of tn. time 11£dt. tel' cH;.rtlt1eat1o;, to lay ~.
3lst D.c:ember 1s;43.
d) £X&.p tlon from trai:wter to ;i,llerA Pro.Harty CUB tod1&il of ..,.11
~wl••• ,.eta 1'.&:;1. t.r.d tor cel"t1t1cta tloa wIth t.ne:;>w iss
Coape=l,S '" tlo~'l Offioo iii t a &1 V.~l d~;e 'Hid ,.'lot let de~l t r: i t,.\-.i"
e) 'I'rl\i.l4f.,. of $~ 18. C'B$t. act clJkrtlt1~ U:lt,11 311 t Cec+)z:lber
1~8t.o 8p"ial Swis. blocked account avol(!lZ1S tr~tulf.r of
trut•• non.-cert,ltled ••18t.. to ~ll.n PrOfert)' C'O,istod1.aul.
41'
or
i~ bolt Hen
ero•• -certlfiea t1.on by toreien ,cvl!Jrm~nt agt:1cy
.lind a\lthor18atlo=~ to Sw1., Compeluu.tlon. Offloe to accept ,for
cer1:..1!"ica tloa
46
(;icm-enemt ascli!". tlon ot an au t..ucrlsod
bank.
3. aU·.1l~jjl
Alii to'
"NAIls.1Si ttl W AMI R'
St". b"au
a) iooo11 '~lo!l of crosa-eertltlc& tl011 1»1 toreign
14
;$1:)' iss
~.:.. i~.
,ov&r!lt~•.'t
age:lCY •
. b) Author1satlon to ~1.8 Compensation Ofrlce to accapt
non-e~18~ ,.elaratlon bl auunorlled SWl•• ~nks.
c:) Coaplete ".tf'f!Utz,1.:li of .QS tiona1. of cO\:.ntrl•• ,wbQ are ~lot'
applylJ:l1 tor fl.:liH1C1.. 1 belp to ti.S·.A. on the £uroliean aid
program. ,
-
I AQ ve beell askeel to 8 tudy • lIo1u t,ion w hieh wottld kea;;
1n &100 ti~. l.llt..,fu&l poll tiaal requ1recentl 1n. U.S. t,. in rerb~rd
to th4t European ald prOiraa and ~ t the .a~ t1.D8 4'fold aay CO~1J
",ulsillry In terf.,renc:e w1 t.:~ a118n pr1 va telnve. tm.&:l t. III the 1.; .;;, • .i~.
Frlank1.1 .ucn a .01u.;104 400. ;'lot 8xlat atJd no cOZJil"ol:ilae alleWF. to
9
roa.lble tnth.!.•.eorl,U"C t ioll.
ttere ca·':" De 01~l,y o,ne acceptable solution
~h.lch e::d.,s.ts
in "e!{re,8 t1n& ar:d .S!;;.l b118h1..Qa eneIqintcres ta 61I.:Jd 1:1 .uI'l·@n.d{.Ij~' L:1g
without cond1t1C:):l .11 tilCt other foreign. assat. of tl.h.ate·l~r;:~.itio:1
~~11 ty, provided auch al&set$ haVe o.on certifIed .a t:lO~l-'H18m.l ;:1'0
frlirt;r.l••v otI,41U' solut.ion. 'iiau.ld. rellre.ent a 4anifirw,. Qad u;~!,jtu.\ 'l:i1'
led.oamiircwl•• e!d effect I
. . '
a) the proteotion 1:1 law to t.'.h.1.cn prlvl.lt,. forel~u. a.:a,~("Jt! 6lt:;tr..atac2
t.o th.
~
O~d'G
art! no
01 tltllUiOlal lllStltut18111 in tbe L • .J ......
dOtl\)t
:;,) the lirl~l.c1!il.s
'
cons1stently bald u.;plr~ the ,P.tt8tby the (-.,c, .i,.,
the gov~r:L"Je;rts of 1111 d.~ocr~~tl(l aJld l8'ft
cOUl:..tries for t.he ;rotect1on of L~ter;lat1on.:~l cO':ii:'L.'il(H:;>:I\
&£ltarpr1se .;;;.:.0 'pr.t vz;:..Ce 0('4;.1 tal and 86V1%5.
Q.ov·~r~1.~:lta' s:~
" abidi~
j,lr1 Va ttl
anti 'led.
'66 'j,}'l1~!h
80
�REPRODUCED AT niE NATIONAl. ARCHIVE~.:
-
- 9
.
NobOdy could dlsprove the CI&C t tha t en oven.rnelmln(;
m.r:ajor1t, of th. fora1f;n Inv.,t~.n.t. 1tl the :"{.J.&. 1'81>1'8.11"1.\ non- ,
ea.~· ~'''Qj::fJrtl • .Bd tho. t .r..~' in-teres to rt:",r6IJfI.4t•. only au 1:lt1,n.1 t
.at~l part of the to'tal tora1gn asaeu eatrua ted. to t.bAJ 1).\. .1.,.
. ,All enelil)' .. ttrltbu t10n to ,the bulk of the foreign as:u ta ~
for the· sol. tact tbat
,Q.
,ortlo4 of thea. a$leta could not be
certltll1dwlt..b.1A. a l1mi ted period. • t t1M 0 .. 11 tbaretQN not 0.
Juatltle4 an4 a tl'~::..t.r of th••• laae'a to·wlG .11etl i'roj:arty
Custodian wou.14 con..t1tute a Y1C11a,tloQ of all ace."te4 prtnc1ple».
Like1•• It t. eXpecte4 that the U.t. governuaent w11l 1U1'ely not
,.tab to afprOJ)"la te DOn-eMIlY asa. ta whlch eerta1nlJ wou.ld Ge the
061. \ 11' t.~ non-oort1fle4 ••,ets would be tl'ostaterrN to t.he I,llea
Prop",," Cu.t.041aA OJ- be 840
'0 .~ ot.ber OClllpul.4ry
.uJ"'
.._.ure.
.
,
.
POI'
tbI.
,
a.me reaaoaa a new ••~ of tho pr•••~t
~ll.a
.",.eta 1n J.~.J':. 6j;:jJ8ars unwarra...t.a 1oa.....)a.. :•• the ab. ·which 1t 1s'
. lnt4f£ldN t. reach -ov.l4 0.14 t,la.,..nt oo.'lt11ct .ttl;;; the .. tQr81i1G l cl
tloned pr1nolple••
;'1:4' GOIIIpual.J1" HaSUn a,&lo.\ tOl'.11,:' pl"i.a te 1.:~v'5 t~t~lt,
,~ &.:1)' COOli,era tt"n wltll. a tora1ea IOY.I":~nt. lnt.,ft;~ e4 to ~1aclose
oraurre;'l4.r to the latter such p1"lv.te .aJ:l,.l -ouJ.d eqUi!lll Matl
a viola t10ll of tho pr1fic1j7l.e to protect at till a ••' tree etl ter;:ri.a$
iutd ~ir1v* t.a ciiJlI "lIn, turthardH .. eQ,ulIalani to a4oS>t 'Ii 1 tt.la;;':iii
teri'lto17 ot t.he tl.ai't.,e4 l.It.Q t •• tne 1••• of lor.1&n. 00\&11t1"1•• l\tnQ
enact .. pol101 wiUch 1. Gonua .., t.o it. _0.
.
It au. t det1:l1 tel1 be lett to the tONlln IO"8l'~'~fmts
.
;~onc.!"ll.d t.o o...a'e aucb internal Monoll1c: atd ,011 tical co;;J 1 tiO!lS
&1 'j\ll1 JuatU'1tbe eontl~.,1O. of tb.eil" CJIf!l ri.lltlOJ.au aM l/~wce
ttl.kit on a YOlulltary 'baat.,'.1 the, to I"ep. trt. te thel,. torellFl
1r.V05t!:~f!t\t. or make them ava1lable tor 'part-tlrul!lclnc or their
e.ountPy '. eUrre.tlCl n..... Afl1 other 101,,'loA or ,01101 1IrC:)Uld ba
41NC~ .,aL•• ' private .11t8rtfl'l•• au' ,1"1•• '. e6pltal and Wl.i..i1l t ilt>
evenaore
IIt.~o!'tan'
••• tl"07
1:~t.ru.t1ol.\al
eo:ll14.nc. i,U tbe,L'.;;.'i
a:t1tUde t.owar48 ,riYata In.ltiutlv., tr.e enttirpI"1•• &:14 ••.rety tor
priv& to lnvea t,canta. Hotwi. tJl.tsn41ct& 'be C1J16OC1.1 ••all tiiL1CO aeed.u
by yarlO\1..1$uro,.all IOVer!._n\_. the p"i.l~CJ1pal NqulrflH:lt is ,th.g ~
of • return. of 'nat aM 00&1114.0•• _a:1 in 'Wle I'.apect of the .f.&.51(:
prlacipl•• oQwblca 810..,. JI'.cou.~naa. tlo4a.t1id let'~u'1l8 tional eot.icfld
. 6:10e oa:lce rebuilt.
A' • whol., tile 'I'Otile. w1 tA .. 1l1ob "be !:. S. Aeh.!;.!as trz; t.10.11
1, taeed ,041, l~
to ,tor_len h.n4. ,. OU 01 timl:", .tr!e6sur~
1'.,.1'4
IU¥! J.,roe.CSu.... a.to"l all. It t. a.'••••rl '0 oettltJ '.11
fOl'elg.tl
• .tsata 634 'oaogresaw the.e •••• t.. into DOf.-e4AISJ • .ad enel:.\l s:ro~,
arty. It 1. the",elere most u!'Ient that 80 ha.t, a.t:d ea~.c1~1l1 ao
cOl\Pul.lr)' aotion .hou1,1 be tak• .u .hiah would. 14 a~ 1Ia1 ~re.1iJ.(~ ic@
;r.e tinal ala .U4e.oeJ"a\lc cCN~'r1•••tab to reach.
. I 'elft , . . 1 tl" lb. t. the lOB." .. tllne4 a
"o'uld ~; t ~I il
1a due eour•• tbeexpeoted 'pr.ctlt~al ....ult. and Q~QV. all btl j,:l
t;?'la· beat l.cingtera l:'l~~.r • .st$ of .:.heW.::i.J.. and tnoa. otca.f t~vujjtrle-s
be..
tli£b.~i4i
c.;;:p1 tiail
.(ort.beaam8 aou..'ld d.~\zl'at1c pr1.. d..~1.a Piled G~'i. r:J;'f~·6
1
ao'\t"~~tt
pr1 Via t. eflterjoll'1ae i.nd
i.;:;.t~r:l!4 t!Onlll c{.mt1(t~(iC.~ ..
I
I
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
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Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
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Title
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Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [6]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-6
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f8a1fa7f09724e2bff9acaf3df45b9bc.pdf
07bd1ce3b0eadd511673fdc8ac277c39
PDF Text
Text
/
STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FUR PRIVATRECHTLICHE AUSLANDSINTERESSEN E.V. BREME
Bremen, den 5. Apri] 1956
INF 46/56 .
.~~_~]l.€i.:
"
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:,'."'"
Unser Rundschreiben IHF 34/56 vom 8.3.1956 • .
::~:e:e::~:=':::~::igem:u:~SChrei bel u~cr;~~~~~&t
liThe Case for Returning Private "Enemya Propertyli libJ',rreiChen
Wir Ihnen anliegend die abge~nderte Seite 26 mit der Bitte,
diese in dem Ihnen vorliegenden Exemplar auszuwechse]n. .
Mit verbindlichen ElnPfe11ungen
gez. Dr. E. Schlit~e
i
Anlage
\
\
\
\
...
�Cmtefor Return of
Confscted Property
Box 21
"Studieng.;" file
,
- 26
This will be all the more true since the pqssibili
ty of prepayments was envisaged explici tlYjiNhen
framing the Debt Agreement (cf. above III 1,2, b,aa).
Post~War
It is obvious that the
Economic AJSistance
Debt can hardly be considered to be an invdstment
from the part of the U.S. in tenns of ~arn~~g in
terests on it. It can be assumed, therefo~e, that
t~e U.S. will be quite ready to accept pr8~ayments,
if offered. The interest rate of 2 1/2% i~ hardly
high enough to make the U.S. eagar to enjo~ that
interest as long as possible.
3. Not all the money spent from the liquidation proceeds will
have to be procured from this source of the Post--War:Economic
Assistance Debt. The German owners will be ready to contribute
thdir share to the solution of the assets issue by m I king a sacri
fice. They wi
be ready to waiYe a certain po~tion of their
claims.
a. This idea is not new. After World War I, 20% of the as
sets had to be sacrificed by the owners -(cf. ,,~_bove 1,1 B, 4). This
was meant to be but-a temporary sacrifice, it is true, but to be
repaid only after a considerable length of time (cf. ~bove). For
reasons discussed previously, this sacrifice turned out to be a
perman~nt o n e . '
!
b. The same idea has been discussedaft(3r \-!orld War II when
people began to look for a solution. To cite but on~ example, the
bill introduced by Senator Chavez 1953 (S.J.Ues. 92) Iprovided for
the return of the assets~ subject to a deductipn of 10%.
c. Assuming a sacrifice of 20% from the part 0 ,the owners
of the assets, valued at about 450 IUo. ;;;~ -( cf. clbove II, A, 2), an
amount of aboul 90 Mio. $ could be deducted from the total claims
of the German·~wners.
'"
These figures are includine, of course, those properies claimed'
by their owners to be, non ....German. It is impossible ~o ascertain
beIor'ehand how many of -these owners, if any, will be Irread Y to
,
'accept the bur'den of the sacrifice - and the i1taint", by implicat
ion, to be German. If faced with the alternative ei-her to have
back 80% of the property immediately or to fight for lithe 100%
by continuing litigation with all risks, costs and qqarrels, it
is safe to assume that at least a considerabl(;numbe~ of the ap.;.,
proximL1tely 23 cases now under Ii tigation will be V8tJ,y glad to
choose tho 80% ,return.
__'_'~~_'_~~"~_"'=~":".~!-"'~~='4e~-=o~~~-~':~~_:~-"'~-""I ~;~"~.~~"~~-~"~,~-'.~
, This photocopy may not be further reproduced
~r distributed without the.specific authori-
HOOVER INSTITUTION !~
..~.,i·:Ii,"
.
r.....~_)
ON WAR. REVOlUTION ANIl PEACE
re
~ICE:
THIS MATERIAL MA:
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGH:
�Cmte fro ~turn of
Cnf scteq ~~9Ferty'
Box 21
"Studieng." file
"
.~,~,:!~~~~;~~f,~q;","
Bremen, March 1956
This photocopy may not be further reproduced
pr distributed without the specific authori
,,!,
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Cmte 'pOX' 21
"Studiel g. II F i Ie
I
The case for returning private "enemy" property
---------------Contents
-------I•
BackgrounJ!.
A.
Tr~~atment of' £rivate properties Jl.urinrs a :!!f££
1.
2.
Rightful practice to seize property
Seizure not confiscation
In the US, decision of the ultimate fate res ing with
Congress.
a.
b.
After World War I: return
After World War II: confiscation
aa.
bb.
I
Confiscation not in compliance with American
legislative practice
I
Confiscation condemned by majority 'of Ame
rican political and juridical lead~rs.
I
B.
.§§ttlement 'of War Damage Claims after a.J§!.
1.
2.
Reparations
War damage claims
a.
b...
Personal damage
Property damage
I
American policy of linking war damage claims with
vested property i s s u e .
l
Solution found ::or both problems after-Worl War I
,
,I
a.
German Special Deposit Account
aa - dd: Its sources
Vested property to be returned
!
dto,
I
Payments made from the German Special ,eposit
Account
,I
Unterlying princj,ples of solution found af, er World
War I.
I
b.
c.
d.
,
�I
as
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':=:-.. . ~. ~-. ::~~-.,~=:,:-..:::.:.....:..:....::..~,--"-."""'.-~"'-~~I·f~~~~i;--'The case for returning private "enemy" property
==============~================================
I.
Background
A.
Treatment of private
properti~-E~£~E~
a war
1. It is common, rightful practice among modern natioqs to block
or seize during a war private properties owned by peop]e who are,.-"
unq,er the control of the enemy. The purpose is
II
a.
to prevent these properties being used by the enemy
government for its war effort';
,
J!
b.
to protect the lawful interests of owners who light
II
be forced by the enemy government to put the p~loperties at its disposal 'against their will. This applies
mainly to inhabitants of friendly countries, occupied
by the enemy. That is the reason why during WQrld
War II the properties of the French, Dutch etc~ in the
USA were also seized by the US-Government together
wi th the German properties.
I '
!
The seizure of such properties is but a measure ofeco~omic war
fare., It is effectuated by appropriate laws, often en~cted al
ready in peacetime as a routine matter of a general defense policy
corroborating respective military and other economic d~fense mea
sures (cf. Italien Royal Decree of July 8, 1938, Gazzetta TJffizia
Ie Nr. 1415). Other countries are keeping such laws o*, the statute
books from the time of former wars, having them ready for immediate
use in case of emergency (cf. USA, Trading with the En~my Act,
~ctober 6, 1917; 40 Stat, 411).
I
The character of such seizure is that of trusteeship, not of con
fiscation. Suffice it to quote three pronouncements wfuich make
it clear that this has also been th~ original intentioi persu~d by
the Trading with the Enemy Act of the USA.
1.
Said Congressman Dewalt, one of the sponsors of the bi:, 1 in 1917,
when asked during the debate in Congress: "If the gentfeman has
studied the bill -- he will see clearly that instead of being
confiscatory in its nature, it is in the nature of a rLquisition
of property and a conservation of the property in the hands of
~he trustee (!), who is.to hold it ~n escrow until therterminat
J.on of the war, when thJ.s property J.S to be returned tb the legal
owner thereof •••• " (55 C.R. p. 4846).
,II
Said the Alien Property Custodian after the bill was eracted into
law in a statement issued to the press:
" ••• There is no thought of ccnfiscation or dissipation of proper
ty thus held in trust." (28 Yale Law Journal, p. 481 (iJl918719),
Article by Borchard).
'j
1
�.II. The Facts
A. Factual situation of the assets
1. Total value of all vested assets
2.
~.
4~
Total value of German vested assets
Liquidated and non-liquidated assets
Proceeds from· liquidated assets
1
i
a. 225 Mio. $ disposed of by transfer to the War
Claims Fund
b.
~o Mi~, $ not yet disposed of
Discussion of the use made of the assets t: ansferr'ed
to the War Claims Fund
I
B.
Factual situation of war damage
I
cla~~
.
l. Personal damage claims settled by War Clai s Act 1948
2.. Property damage claims unsettled
Ii
a. Estimated amount
b. Total value of vested assets, not
to· meet claims·
suff~cient
I
III., Problems in finding a simultaneous solution for the property
as well as the war claims issue
I
A. The two principal problems:
Lack of money for:
1. Returning about 180 Mio. ~ worth of Germ
proper
ties
I
2. Meeting the as yet unsettled American war idamage
claims,.
I
B. Other problems
1. Intercustodial conflicts
I
2. Return to owners living under Soviet dominatiQn
3. War criminals
·,r:- National interest clause
5 . Paten ts ,
6, Trademarks
C. Objections against return
1. US is bound by international agreements
I
2. Germany's reparations burden w~s light af er WO~:J
War II
..
. .. I '
3. "Windfall"
4·. Small ret1,lrn ($10,000) solves'gO% of all lases
5. Bonn "recognized" confiscation in Bonn-Tr'aties
6. Bonn obliged to compensate owners
7. "Unscramble the egg is impossible"
�.
a ..... a ...... ,".'l.~'
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Cmtee:
Box 21
"s tudl: eng. " . f j;'i;e
IV. Suggested Solution
A. Financing the return of pro2ertl
1. How much will be needed?
2. Source of money: repayments and, if necessary,
prepayments of Western Germany on the. Postlil'.war
Economic Assistance
a. Settlement of that debt by the London lebt
Agreement
,
~
b. Alterations of the settlement envisaged
aa.
'bb.
I
•
Prepayments envisaged
Further reduction envisaged
c. Merits of this solution to the 'Americ'a I, side
aa.
Service to foreign and military policy
of the US
II
bb. Principle of non-confiscation restored
cc. Policy of non-confiscation relati~le to
properties of Soviet satellites
dd. 'No appropriation from tax-payers !honey
necessary
I
I
lao
lb.
lc~
Id.
Ie.
ee.
Money appropriated and spent \already
once
Other free countries obtained greater
reduction
~
FUII'ther reduction to the benefit of
Germany envisaged from the oJtset
No outright "reduction" asked for,
Moriey value of all confiscat~d German
assets equivalent to one div~sion
Prepayments have time value to
th~
US.
3. Sacrifice of the owner
Idea applied after World War I
b. Idea discussed after World War II
c. Amount of sacrifice
d~
Gliding scale for sacrifice
a~
B. Financing the payment of war claims
1. Principle already adopted up to an amount
2. Merits of this solution
a.
b.
Of:
I
100 Mio ,:11;
Additional sources neces.a~ anyh~
I
German Government blocked by Article 5 0f the
London Debt Agreement
I
I
_
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I
Box 21
" Stud' eng." F i Ie
c. Payment without further appropriation Polsible
d. Quick payment possible
II
e. US keeps bargaining position for final settlement
of reparations issue
f. Unilateral US action complies with Londo, Debt
I
Agreement (Article 5)
t
3. Saving private property of friendly foreigneFs from
being used for payment of debts of a foreign Govern
ment
v. The interest of the American investor is asking for a return
.of the German assets
II
i'.
_
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.
.
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BOX 21
.~"'..!.'~l1dkerrg·;o-U-'...J?-"!i!l-e--"""""·--
, ..~."""~.....,.,,.'r"""~:"~'\iIio~~'·
II
.--.~.·~-'."-'--·"~v'eii"·au:f:tfig"mtl1~~~~~d-~~he ~l timate f2,te of the Iroperties
seized was left open and restitution to the owners wa' one possible
way, even the mind of the Alien Property Custodian: I
"It is perhaps necessary to add at this point that th program
of converting vested property into cash does in no way prejudice
the character of any ultimate settlement which will appear appro
priate ••••• Hence our program ••• is not incompatible~ith a pos
sible decision to provide compensation of the former bwner." (Annu
al Report 1942/43, p. 70).
,
i.
The same is true to the vast majority of the other corntries having
been at war on both sides in 1914-1918 and 1939-1945.1 In the
Western World, there are only one or two countries wh, ch, as except
ions to the rule, meant to confiscate the assets when' seizing them
(cf. Netherlands, Decree E 133, October 20, 1944).
2. In the United States, confiscation of private ene~ assets
seized in time of war was requiring a second,additio~al decision
of Congress.
.
,
'I
a. After World War I, Congress choose not to confiscate but·
to return the assets.
. II
When Congress had refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the
Knox-Porter Resolution signed by the President on Jult 2, 1921,
proclaimed the end of the state of war. Section 5 ofilthat Joint
Resolution provided that the vested assets were to bel retained by
the United States until Germany should have made "suitable provi
sions" for the satisfaction of all claims of US-natiortals against
Germany. After difficult and protracted negotiations:1 between the
two governments, includjng representatives of the owners, this
satisfaction was finally provided for in the Settlemertt of War
Claims Act, 1928 (Congressional Record, 70th Congress~ 1st Session,
p. 5185).
I
.
The main idea of that settlement was to pay the Ameri~an wardaim
ants out of the payments made by the German Government on the
Dawes-Reparation-Loan, out of certain other smaller fUnds, out of
20% of the liquidation proceeds of the German privateJ'propert y ,
and out of the 50% of the sum destined by the US-Gove~nment to in
demnify'German shipping companies, radio-stations, an9 patent own
ers. This sacrifice of the German owners of 20%, resj:' 50%, though
was not meant to be a permanent one.
\
They were supposed to have this share of their proper:y returned
after all American war'damage claims were met. On Dedember 31,
1954, this complicated but satisfactory plan would ha~e ended. 32
days after th~s date, a.German dele¥ation headed by MEl. Abs left
. Europe to begln talks wlth the Am o T10an Government onlthe ,settle
ment of the German propc.i. ~;J j ssue and the American war, damage
claims resul,ting from World War II. ,!
�i ~H~nlJ'dW
I
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.
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.
"co .... d l .
,.,\L
slqi .
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~
_.~" ... ..,y-:~ ....... ~ ....N'f",:""':"~_;:'~"':";~"'.;!-""":-~O<"- •.. 4...·:::·~~·:~:::.~,.:.:~.;,'~,,':Ir~~·~1-..:~;;miJ!5MW»'\'S"-:.~.w1,;.~..h.>. .;~:,_-~7':j':~, •• )~';iii11n~"'!"":',.'~T~~'..~U .. ~LLb'
.:~~9-;··
·~........i!E~"""·-',-·
.
That plan was not fully carried through, because in the course
of the world wide financial crisis, Germ~ny defaulted dr the pay-·
ment of her external debt, including the Dawes Loan. .Als a result.~
. not all American war damage claims could be paid and t~e 20%5 .
resp. 50% of the German properties could not be return~llde
World~ar
b. After
II, Congress took a different /course.
The War Claims Act, 1948, inserted into the Trading wi1h the Enemy
Act a section 39, reading as follows: "No propertyo •• ~~hall be
returned to former owners .... ,or their successors in in~erest> and
the United states shall not pay compensation for any stich pruper+;y
or interest therein." (Sec. 12, War Claims Act, 1948)oj
1
This was the confiscation of the heretofore merely sei ed
property.
.
.
prJ.ya·~e
aa. This Act did not comply with the America legislative
practice as evolved in the course of 170 years of hist6ry~ It did
not comply either with the opinions of the overwhelming majority
of American statesmen and jurists, who have stated their position
on this s u b j e c t . .
.
I
I.
~minen~
.
bb. It would fill a book to quote all these
men.
It has been done before on various occasions, so that ~heir words
are readily available to anyone interested in the sub~ecto The
span goes from Hamilton to Hull and Baruch, and from T1b. v B. Moore
to the American Bar Association and to Jessup.
II
In discussing the confiscation of the property of the tnited Fruit
Co. by the Government of Guatemala, the State Departmeillt had this
to say on the subject of confiscating foreign properti~s ~ (Aide···
Memoire of Au~ust 28, 1953, published with Press Relea~e No. 46~~
liThe obligation of a state imposed by internationa:l:- law.to payjust or fair compensation at the time of taking of pro~1 erty of
foreigners cannot be abrogated from the international : tandpoint
by local legislation~ . If the contrary were true~ stat s seek:Lng
to avoid the necessity of making payment for property fxpropria-ted
from foreign nationals could avoid all pecuniary respohSih.ili~y
simply by changing their local law. Every internation~l .oblit;d
ion could thus be wiped off .the books. But internatiohal law C2.!"l-·
not thus be flouted. Membe~ship in the family ot natibns impose5
international obligations. Violation of the basic nor~sQ~ jURtij~
cannot fail to undermine mut'lal confidence without whi'bh e,;onolid.c
progress retarded."
B.
Settlement oJ_~?-!ll_~,ge ..9.:.?-j.E!..s_~rt.e.r_~_._~£.
War damage claims are distinct from reparations.
1. In more recent. times, a custom has developed to c~arge the
vanquished with the payment of what the war is suppose'b to ha\Te
cost to the victor.. Involved methods have been appliel~ to ev!:' 1,_·: '--:
such costs as accurately as desirable •. In more ancied timo3,
this sum payable by the vaY't::,'lished was fixed mCl~':; :'11..:,] L. ",rj.ly tn
compliance IN:' th +h~ f,-dll,J,.ity of th~ ~f8l'l(1_:Jish81 to pay ~I d the pcli<
.
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,/
h~'-_"~" '~~--"'!r6ai 'atm"7ptf~~{f~d'y-I~vY!Itg-ffi'~'~ttib~r~~~g'~T{l~t~'\'heu+;~~i-;::d,
.--.. ~
as e.g. annihilation (nCarthagian Peace , 201 B.C.) orrll future
alliance (Bismarck's Peace of Nickolsburg with Austria, 1866) or
any other shade of political aim in between..
.
II
'
ll
Reparations, therefore, are political claims, levied ~y one Govern
ment against another Government
Thei'r, amount, 'is usu~llY determin
rd by overal~ policY,considerations. If the attempt ~s made, as
lt was done ln Versal11esl to evaluate the actu~l cos1s of war to
a. country, a tendency is prevalent to arrive at unlim'lted, artrono
mic figures.
'
0
2.
War damage claims are wholly different.
They are claims of individual civilia;n. citizens of on~ belligerent
country against the Government of the former enemy country for loss
of life, personal injury, or for loss of property cau~ed by the
conduct of military activities by that government: s~ken ships,
bombed houses, mal treatment of prisoners and civilian ilinternees
etc. According to some authorities, only damages cau~ed by
"ExceptiDnal war measures" are to be indemnified. Su~fice it here
to make it clear that and why war damaGe claims are d~fferent from
reparation claims.
"
I
It fDllows that there exist two kinds of war damage c]aims:
I
a.
b.
Personal damage
Property damage.
It follows further that war damage claims are operating. both ways
between the countries, It is irrelevant to know whicH is the vict
or .or vanqUished. There is a te'ndency, though, of co~rse to give
more consideration to the war damage claims of the citizens of
the victor country
il
0
'
Being individual claims for spGcific damages, war dam~ge claims
are .open to being ascertained by a procedure .of evalu~tion in which
the ether party may have a' part (Mixed Claims Commiss~on). Ex
perience shows a marked tendency of scaling down the usually much
inflated claims,. a~ filed by the cl~imants" to a much illower level
SD that werkable flgures may be arrlved ato ' After WO~ld War I, as
te the American war claims 1 this level was about 10% cif the amount
.originally claimed.,
"
" I
'
:;. In Americanpelicy dealing with the problems of seized enemy
private preperty and private war damage claims, a ten~ency has de
veleped te link beth problems. This;tenden?y stems f~"lom the matter
.of fact approach to leak upon the selzed prlvate ene~ property
as a sert .of lien held in custedy until a settlement ~or the war
damage claims of one's own natiDnals has been arrived at.
This 'attitude finds no basis in int~rn~+ional l~w, it is true.
It ia neve:ctheless an atti tuc.,-,:1ioh is undArst,Pndabl 1 especially
in terms of internal r(")}icies.
.,
.
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• _
···--'ft~would""Y);><;·~r;;;airst·tc~'ro~~a's~um·~
that this attitude does1i not pre
vail anymore, especially since it won a .full victoryaftelT World
War I, as expressed by the Settlement of War Claims Act, 1928.
.
.
This discussion of the property problem, therefore, starts from the
assumption that for all practical purposes .i t will be ad~isable to
look for a simultaneous, suitable solution of the war damage claims~
~fter
I~
4. Starting from the same assumption,
World War
.a solution
meeting these requirements was agreed upon between the two govern
ments including representative's of the private interestsll invol ved,
and embodied in the War Claims Settlement Act of March
1928:
(For further details see Dr. H. Janssen, The return of s~ized pri
vate'property to German, Austrian and Hungarian National~ in 1928,
DUsseldorf, 1955. Translation from a book on the SUbjeCr by the
same author, published in 1928).
.
.
IP,
a. A German Special Deposit Account was created.
was to be made up of the following cash deposits:
~his
J
Account
aa·, 20% of the German private property becomin· available
for the· purposes of the Account through the written
consent of the German owner (cf. below 4, ~)
.
I
bb. The German share in the so-called unalloca~ed interest
. fund, earned by the Alien Property Custodian from the
assets vested in him .under the Trading witfu the Enemy
Act.
cc. 50% of the amounts appropriated by the U.S. for the·
payment of certain German war damage claimrl (cf. be
low 4, d, ee)
.
.
.
dd. The amount. s received from Germany for thejPayment of
the awards of the Mixed Claims Cornmission. This
Commission had been agreed upon on August 10, 1922,
to ascertain the total of the German fina cial liabi
lities under the Peace Treaty of Berlin, doncluded
between the U.S. and Germany on August 25; 1921.
.
I
These amounts V?ere to be equal to 2 1/4% qf Germany's
annual reparat10ns payments under the London Agreement
on the Dawes Plan, distributable among the Allies
according to the Paris Agreement.
,
b. 80% of the vested property was to be returned ~o the owner
on condition that he consented to the temporary retent~on of 20%
of the proper~y for the benefit of the German Special eposit Ac
count (cf. above 4, a,aa).
I
rr
c. All patents, tradema.rks , registered p'atterns ,and similar
rights vested but not sold by the Alien Property Custo1aian were
returned unconditionally.
�.LHDIHAdCO X8 mlJ.:)a.tOHd 88
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..
----"-'--""'-'-- "~"ir~~' ''''(){tt;''':'o'f"ii!th~~~~~~~S:peciaI I)'epos'i t Account the f1110wing
payments were to pe made:
"
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~.~ "~"'~i ;-",;,~·~ ~h'r;aJ~
{-'Tr.....
II'
aa. Admihistrative expenses for arbitration pr0ceedings
and similar purposes, incurred by the US. II
bb. American private creditors of the awards 0~1 the Mixed
Claims Commission in a certain order of pr:iJori ty, .
uP' to a total of 80% of their gross awards ion the
death and personal injury awards, provided that no
creditor shall receive more than $100,000'1"
.
cc. 5% interest to the German owners who had cdbsented
to the retention of 20% of their property (cf. above
4, a, aa)
dd. In equal order of priority:
(1) American creditors for such awards as H d not been
paid pursuant to previous provisions;
(2) 5% interest to
German owners of ships, radio-stations and
patents, due to them on the gross amounts of
their awards.
eel In equal order of
~riority:
(1) German owners for the 20% of their property,
temporarily retained for the benefit of the
.
u ·
u
German Special Deposit Account (cf. 4,a,aa).
radio-stations~
(2) German owners of ships,
and .
patents, for the 50% of their awards against
the US-Government (of ~ 4, a, aa).
. II
(3) American creditors of awards still unpaid.
·
ff. German creditors of the una 1 located 1nt
fund
1\
eres~
(cf. above 4, a, bb).
gg. American Government for its own claims.
5.
It 1s obvious that the underlying principles of this seemingly
\
'
invol~ed solution have been:
a. Payment 'of war claims of American nationals and o~ the Ame
rican Government (mainly occupation costs) against the Geran Go
vernmen t.
.
,t"
.. b. Payment of certe1f'
the American Government.
'!.'':'.:.
-;'1ai.T'1r-::1
of iiarman nationals
.
f;;dnst
�,
c.
Full return of the vested private' enemy property.
d. Speedy payment of the war claims by making availaple for
that purpose certain temporary sacrifices of the German owners.
~
.
It was appropriate therefore that the original bill drafte~ by. the
Treasury and introduced into the House of Representatives py Mr.
Mills was headed: itA Bill to provide for the payments of t*e Awards
of the Mixed Claims Commission, the payment of certain clatms of
German nationals against the U.S., and the return to German na
tionalsof property held by the Alien Prope'rty Custodian. II (69th
Congress, H.R. 10820).
.
II.
A.
The Facts.
Factual situation of the assets.
(Most of the following figures were taken or derived elither
from the latest published Annual Report of the Office. of Alien
Property for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953).
1. The total value of· all enemy assets vested by the OAP
555 Mio. $.
II
t.!~s
2. Of these, 453 Mio. $, i.e. 81% of the total value, wer~ vested
as German assets. This amount is including those assets w~ose
owners claim to be non-German and who have filed a title ciaim in
order to have their assets returned by the courts (Sec. 9 ~ of
the Trading with the Enemy Act). As of Janu~ry 1955, ther~ were
23 title claims filed, involving assets of an estimated to~al
value of 165 Mio. $. The most valuable and best known ass~t of
this group is, of course, the.General Aniline & Film Corporation,
owned by Interhandel of Basel, Switzerland.
II
3.
Of all assets vested as German-owned, as of January 19f5,
285 Mio. $ were liquidated, whereas assets estimated at
165 Mio. $ were not yet liquidated because title claim' were
pending. According to the present legal si~uation,
these assets in litigation cannot be sold u~less the
450 Mio. S claim has been decided upon. There have be.n re
peated efforts to have bills enacted permit~ing
the sale of such assets in spite of pending litigation. Tfuese
bills have been fought on the ground of being unconstitutitnal.
This argumeJ?t was intended to be' met by the latest bill ofl that
group, introduced by Senator Clements in the House on Marc, 11,
1955 (H.R.S. 1405) providing for the sale of such assets ohly for
w~ich a ~itle claim by a non-American claimant is pending~
This
b~ll obv~ously aims at the sale of GAF.
:1
.
.
I
atte~pt to as~ertain the eventual total value of the German
assets~nvolved ~n the present dispute on their return mus
not
An
overlook that this group of unliquidated assets introduces an un
knovm factor into the picture for two reasons:
�- 8
a. Their real value will be known only after their sale.
Estimates alone as to the selling value of the greatest oflthese
assets, GAF, vary by tens of millions Dollars.·
•
b. It is impossible to ascertain which and how many ~f the
23 disputed assets will eventually be permitted to be sold .Ijlafter
the courts have passed their decision or, in case a bill l~ke
that introduced by Senator Clements (cf. above) becomes la~ which
portion of their liquidation proceeds can be considered as "German".
4.
The liquidation proceeds, amounting so far to 285 Mio. $, have
been disposed of as follows:
a. 225 Mio. $ have been transferred to .the War Claims Fund,
created by the War Claims Act, 1948. From this fund, certain cate
gories of personal war damage claims. of American citizens (as dis
tinct from property claims) are being paid.
i
Row
the
ing
War
Of this amount, 165 Mio. $ have actually been spent sJ far.
much of the remainder of 60 Mio.
will have to be used for
same purpose will be known only in autumn 1956 after the pass
of the deadline for ascertaining the claims filedunderll the
Claims Act, 1948 (August 30, 1956).
<I!)
b. 60 Mio. $ of the liquidation proceeds from German assets
are still available.
It must be borne in mind, though, that the administratlD.. ve
costs of the OAP Qre to be paid from the earnings or liquid~tion
proceeds of the vested assets. The total costs, as of June! 30,
1953, were more than 40 Mio. $. It is estimated that about· 32 Mio.
$ are chargeable against the German assets.
'.
l
5. A closer look at the amount of 225 Mio. ~~ transferred tl the
War Claims Fund (cf. above 4, a) reveals interesting detailr'
a.. By far the most important group of claimants enti tilLed to
payments from the War Claims Fund are American prisoners ofll war
and civil internees on the ground that all of them were dur~ng the
entire period of their internment intentionally not fed acclPrding
to the rules of the Geneva Convention, and that many of them had
to suffer ill-treatment from the hands of the guards.
~
b. It is obvious that the major! ty of such claims ~us:~ ori
ginate in the Pacific Theatre since the number of American Iprisoners
in Japanese hands has been greater, and since they were kep'tt a .
greater period of time. - VJ was half a year later than VE, and
SUbstantial numbers were taken prisoner in the first months of the
war in the Pacific.
c, It was apparent from the Hearings, called for the enact
ment of the War Claims Act that charges of ill-treatment were
.
levied exclusively against Japanese camp adminiotrations. 0f more
than 60 cases, testified upon in the Rearin:ss, all happened I in
Japanese camps, with one exception which occurred in a Bulgrian
camp.
!
�It may be, of course, that amongst the claims filed la~er
with the War Claims Commission, actual cases of ill-treatmer:t which
occurred in German camps will be found also. It is.ObViousrthough
that most of such ill-treatment claims are claims against J'I pan.
.
.
d. It is most doubtful as to whether the assumption w' 11·
.
stand closer scrutiny that all prisoners in all German camp~ for
all the time of their internment were intentionally not fedllaccord
. ing to the rules of the Geneva Convention. It is on this aI. sumpt
ion that every prisoner of war is entitled to receive a per\day
payment of $ 1,-. Even during the Hearings, no attempt has:been
made to bear out evidence for this assumption which was mer"ly
based on a respective statement of the State Department, reierring
to undisclosed evidence in its possession.
~
.
Facts known about a number of German camps and extracts fr01 re- .
ports of the International Committee of the Red Cross, char~ed
with routine inspection of all camps in all belligerent countries
show that there are obviously very many exceptions to that gene
ralizing assumption, at least for the time prior to the beg:ilnning
collapse of the German economy_
I
e.
From these observations it follows· that
\
aa. of all the claims filed under the War Claims Rct
1948 the vast majority is directed against Ja~an;
.
!
bb.many of such claims, especially those charged \against
Germany, are filed on the basis of an assumption
which is questionable as to the f~6ts. .
I
Since 81% of all the vested assets are of German origin, anJ stnce
only 12% are of Japanese origin, it turns out that, roughly,1 Ger
man private properties are being used to pay debts of the J~ anese
Government. - In this factual discussion, no observations a: e
being made as to the legality or advisability of the princi~~~
of using private property for paying gov(;,;rnments debts.
II
f. This inequity of the settlement as provided by the I~~var
Claims Act, 1948, has been partially acknowledged by the U.S.
Government during the recent intergovernmental talks of Feb~ary/
March 19550 The joint statement issued on March 4, 1955, safs
;, that proposals wi 11 .,. be submitted to the Congress for th:e
settlement of war claims held by U.S. nationals against Germ~ny
up to ~no, 000, -. This program would be financed by the us e pf
$100 Mio. from the payments to be made by the Federal Republ c
on its debt to the U.S. on account of post-war economic assi tance.
This represents the esttma+?rl ~;nount of German vested assets: used
in the past for the payment of war claims not attributable tf Ger
many."
\1
"
r
That.'"'1pA.~S ~hat of the 1~5 Mio. ~ so far paid to claimants u~der
the War Ulalm~ Act, 65 Ml0. $,e.g. about 40% of the total, a, e
supposed to be attributable to Germany.
�,J"li!)ltMdW AI:I
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Cmte
Box 21
.--.-.--.~~~:::~-~~. ::-::::~==:::~~q::;:-thiS ralo
,
.
.......
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I .
announced by the statement of the U. S. Government.
In the light of ' the facts discussed above (5 b - d) and in view
of. the further fact that some of the eligible claims are byltheir
nature attributable only to Japan (f.i. claims of religious or
ganizations on the Phillipines), this sum of 100 ruo. $ see s to
be a minimum.
g, Nothing can be said yet on the fate ,of the 60 Mio. $.not
yet spent from the War Claims Fund. - The sum of 100 Mio. $ "not
attributable to Germany" specifically is referred to only si ch
German vested assets "used in the past" for the payment of :War
claims.
It is possible that not all the remainder will be
paying further war claims (cf. above 4 a).
necessar~
for
It is certain that not all of that money which will be paid will
be versed for claims attributable to Germany. If applying the
same ratio of 40%, used for the amount of 165 Hio. ~~ "used in the
pastil and under the assumption that all the remaining 60 M~o. $
will be spent, 24 Mio. $ may have to be considered as attr~butable
to Germany, whereas 36 Mio. $, though coming from German a~sets,
would not be attributable to Germany.
B.
Factual .si,t;uationof the war damage 'claims ~
1. 'The War Olaims Act of 1948 provides for the settlement of a
number of war claims, mainly claims for personal injury and death.
It is estimated that practically all the personal damage ciaims
are being taken care of by this Act.
II
The time for filing further claims elapses in 1955 • The 'claims
filed will have to be ascertained until August 30, 1956. At this
date, it will be possible to say if and what money will belleft
available after paying the claims under this program.
No provisions have been made yet for settling the bulk of
perty damage claims.
he pro
The War Claims Commission, charged with administrating the War
Claims Fund, was directed by Congress to study the problem of pay
ing further war claims and to evaluate the possible amount! of such
claims.
,I
Questionnaires have been distributed by various channels to obtain
figures as reliable as possible under the circumstances. I'
.
.
a. ~n view of the unavoidable, preliminary characte~ of such
flgures, lt would be premature to use them here, It can ije s~id,'
though, that so far they are surprisingly low especially ;:If com
.pared with the claims filed after World War I.
�.
• I
bb. On the other hand it was agreed that both par~ies
may mutually determine "that it would be in tlP.eir
common interest, because of adverse economic &on
di ti ons 'or for any othe r reasons .... to alter the pro
visions of this Agreement."
.
When formulating this safety valve, both parties'
apparently had in mind the disastrous results of the
all too stringent debt P91icy persued by some ,credi
tor nations after World War I.
They might also have borne in mind'the fact tnat
the other free nations of Europe had received~a far
greater reduction of the debt arising from the post
war economic assistance rendered to them by tfte U.S.
Finally, the eventual burden of rearming alre&dy
envisaged for Germany at the time of the LondJn Debt
Conference might have motivated the U.S. to t~ink of
some further alteration when things have matuted •.
c. Why should the U.S. use money due to hGr from Germany to
return the liquidation proceeds from German asse:ts inasfar ~s they
have already been spent? Which are the merits of such prop8sal
for the American side?
. .
:1
aa. It is obvious by now that the policy of non-r~turn
and confiscation is a dangerously 'irritating ~urden
on the otherwise cordial and close relations ~etween
the U.S. and one of her most vital allies •. Ttiis bur
den tends to become constantly more irri tatin II with
the beginning implementation of the policy of rear
mameht in Germany, making millions of Germans on a
bqsis of personal day~by-day experience milit ry
allies of the American Forces.
I
It seems to be the opinion of the overwhelming majo
rity of the leaders of public opinion in the Uj.S. and
of the leaders on the field of American forei@n poli
cy that this source of constant, dangerous, a~d un
necessary irritation should be removed as sooJ as
feasible.
1
p~acti
The envisaged solution seems to be the only
cab1e way to render this service to the· foreigh and
military policy of the U.S.
\
In the Fiscal Year 1955/1956, 80 Mio. $ have b~en
.spent for "Cold. War Propaganda" (New York Her~~d Tri
bune, June 1, 1955) . It would be the most convlLi.ncing
kind of propaganda to stick to the principles Ibf
western civilization as opposed to those of thk cold
war enemy denying private property.
I
\
I
�!!riD'.I.w..dW Ati W.l..J;,j..tA)Cld
~VW
•......•.
aa
"'J.:i<1Ut.VI.u.... iIlUI\:tU II"" I~U
NOIiol.JlSNI lIHAOOH
'IVIH:ilJ.VW SIHJ. :S:JlroN
d"
.•
-"
_....
......:..-
/
-f.104:\ne O'Hl::>aOS 64:\
peonpo.ldal .l94':1.ln;J eq
~n04':111'\ p<qnq~"-I"~'"
~OU
",_=,..._.~"~~:l;.!~~"~~ir....--'-
--'-"';~:~'~~;;:;:~~;~;;;;~': !~~~~p~~t~iai~~i:m~~J~~~~e
to some hundred millions of Dollars was apparently not ind\lluded
in the figures produced so far.
It is apparent, furthermore, that a number of claimants ddes n,ot
seem to be particularly interested in. filing claims, becau1se any
payment to them would largely be taken from them for taxeS.
3. There seems to be certain~one thing, though: even the ~otal
value of all vested assets, including those in litigation I(cf.
above II A 2) will not be sufficient to pay all of the war claims
still unsettled.
'
III.· The Problems in finding a simultaneous solution for
property as well as the war claims issue.
A.
I
The two principal problems:
It has become apparent from the previous discussion that,assuming
a return of the confiscated properties were envisaged, sub~tantial
amounts of money will' be lacking for two purposes:
1\
1. Of the liquidation proceeds of all enemy assets, 225 Mfo. $
have been transferred to the War Claims Fund to be spent 1,der
the War Claims Act program (cf. II A 4, a).
\
'
Of this money, about 180 Mio. $ maybe considered as coming from
German properties. (The exact share of the German properties in
relation to all vested assets excluding the Italian assets I\WhiCh
have been mostly returned under the Lombardo Agreement of ]947,
. is 84%).
.
,
'
,
II '
It maybe possible that of the sum of 60 Mio. $ not yet spent out
of this transferred amount of 225 Mio. $, a certain share ~ay
be still available after the winding up of the program of the
War Claims Act, 1948 (cf,. II, A, 4, b) • Furthermore, an amounJ!t of
about 36 Mio. $ of this money should, if spent, be conside:tl~d to
have not been attributable against Germany (cf. above II,A,5,e) .•
It is nevertheless safe to assume that approximately 180 Mi1b. $
will be lacking out of the German properties in case of rethrn. ,
A~erican
2. For meeting the as yet unsettled war damage claims of
citizens, an unknown amount of money will be required (cf. fI,B,
2,a). .
"''')
J\ew J\dooo':lo\.ld Sl4J.
' .
',il
We shall discuss later possible solutions to these two domil'.ant
problems.
.
.
B. There are a great number of more problems, some of them, quite
intr10ate by nature, but none of them as difficult to meet fS the
two previous ones. We will, therefore, not devote much spabe to
discussing possible solutions for this type of problems esp~ciallY
since there is in most cases more than one solution availab]e. We
'
�will confine ourselves to stating brie11y the overall aim any
solution should attain to be equitable.
1. Some properties, and often the more important ones, are sub
ject to so-called intercustodial conflicts. Such conflict arises
when the same asset is also' being claimed by the Enemy Prop1erty
Custodian of another country as coming under his jUrisdictilr.n as
for instance. securi ties of a German owner, 'being held for ll:im by
a Dutch bank in the United States; shares of a company in t,he U. S.
being owned by a Danish holding company which itself is conrrolled
by a German owner.
.
I
In some such cases, the U.S. have come to an agreement with the
other country which of these assets are to come under U.S. juris
diction.
In some cases, notably those claimed by SWitzerland, no suc agree
ment has as yet been reached.
I
In all these cases, the owner of record or legal owner is a person,
natural or juridical, in another country outside Germany. ~he bene
ficial owner is German •. That is, why such property comes tinder
the vesting p r o g r a m . . '
.
I
Since many of the countries involved have enacted national ,laws
providing for controll; seizure, partial or total confiscation of
German private properties, such property would be vested bY: the'
Government ofth:J.t particular country if the property were !Ito be
returned by the U.S.' directly to the owner of record or legal owner.
If Congress resolves to return the German assets, it does Jo to
improve the relations of the U.S. with the German people aJd not
with the putch or British or Belgian Governments which migHt in
these cases become the actual beneficiaries of an American legis
lation.
To make sure that the German owner will be the beneficiary instead,
provisions should be formulated to give such prope:::,ties di, ectly
to the beneficial (German) owner or to keep them in Americ~n cu
stody and trusteeship for the German owner, or to make sur~, that
the 'other Government will not in its turn confis cate that fsset,
if returned to the record owner.
.
II .
2. A number of German owners entitled for return will be living
under Soviet domination in the Soviet zone of Germany, in the
Oder-Neisse territories of Germany under temporary Polish ir
Russian administration, or somewhere else in the Soviet. rerlm. '.
These people will be forced under local foreign currency c~ntrol .
regulations to report their properties and to "sell" them to their
local Soviet authorities against payment in depreciated lopal cur
ren?y, thus.loo~ing the benefit of the return and strength:ning,
aga~nst the~r w~ll, the economic power of the local Soviet govern
ment.
�- 13
These properties, therefore, should be kept in American trustee
.
!!l..ree
ship until the owner has been able to make his h ome J.n a I)p
country where he can receive property returned to him by intent
of Congress.
I
No property should be returned to war criminals.
\
,
The problem is that quite often people arrained as war criminals
in the heated times after the war are obviously not beinglcon
sidered anymore belonging to that category. It will be n~cessary,
therefore, to formulate a definition of a ,war criminal Wh ch is
in accordance with present-day opinion without re.quirin g 'e-opening
cases or going into new procedures.
'\' '
.
,
f
4. Some properties may be considered by the US-Go~ernmen1 as being,
of vital interest to national security because of their m~gnitude
or,the place they ,are holding in specific essential brancnes of
production or for other, reasons. In such cases, a deSiret,may de
velop to have such properties "americanized Il, so as to ex~, lude fo..,.
reign control or even foreign partnership.
!'.
Provision should be made for the sale of such properties ind the
return to the owner of the ~rice yielded in ~ieu of the p~operty_
1\
It may be important to make clear who is' going to sell th1 proper
ty: the OAP or the owner, after the asset had been return~d to him
with the provision to sell it within a certain period of ~ime.
an~one
5. Patents have been given on a royalty-free basis to
having
applied for the use of the patent. It will be difficult ~o return
the patent to the owner so as to put it again 'at hisexclJsive dis
posal and control. Provision should be made though to ha~e the
licensee pay at least a certain license fee to him. It maYil\'. be ad ...
visable to apply a gradually rising scale for the license fee in
orde,r to enable the licensee to adapt his calculations and prices
to this new factor of cost of production.
'
To find an equitable solution for the owner of patents is all the
more necessary since the actual loss suffered by the owne~ from the
making his patent available to everybody cannot be undone !rnYhOW.
Patents (and copyrights, for that matter) seem to be the m~st sub
lime of all property rights developed by the legal mind in!1 the
community of the Western World. A patent very often is re~resent
ing the essence of the life work of some bright brain, att~ined at
by years and decades of research and work. No effort shou l d be
spared to provide at least some sort of a consideration to! the
owners of patents, since the right itself cannot be return d any
more by the force of facts.
I
6. The same applies to those trademarks which have been Sbld.
Though, fortunately, this is the exception, these trademarks used
to 1)elong to the most valuable ones.
I
�C.
Objections.
There is hardly one man to be found anymore willing to defend con
fiscation of private property as a matter of principle., Evi1fn those
who might wish to do so are reasonable mindful 'of the suspipious
and embarrassing vicinity into which the defense of that prjd..nCiPle
would put them wi th Communism.
.1
There are, though, a number of objections which are offering a
welcome shelter for the opponents of return and which seemihgly
are not ill-founded. These objections seem to have made some im
pression at times with a number of people who as a matter olf prin
ciple would prefer full return. " .
."
.
'
'
I
l
agreements
1. It is said that the US are bound by international
.
not to return any of the vested properties. This Objectionll appa
rently refers to the Paris Reparation Agreement of January }946,
Article 6, reading as follows: !lEach signatory Government sflall,
under such procedures as it may choose, hold or dispose of German
enemy assets wi thin its jurisdiction in ma:lners d~signed to pre
.clude their return to German ownership or control."
a. Apparently this article does not constitute a forma+ly
legal obligation for the signatory government to exclude a11possi
bility of a return.
.
As a matter of fact, a number of member states of the Paris Re
paration Agreefuent have shown by their actions that they do .feel
free to dispose of the assets as they seem fit:
Great Britain has distributed all German assets in its jurisdict
ion to pay British pre-war creditors of German debts. underlBri
tish law (German Enemy Distribution 'Law, December 25, 1949) the
creditor is not obliged to book these payments against the debts
of his debtor. This is left to the creditor •. The largest §roup
of creditors, the Bri'tish banks, have unanimously decided tq dis
charge their debtors for the amounts paid. The result will Ibe that
the German owner gets at least part of this loss paid by th~ German
debtor, if and as far as he has been discharged.
.
·1
Denmark has restored, upon individual aP't>lication, about ha:14,f of.
the vested properties (as to total value) to individual owne~s.
I~~y
Belgium and Luxemburg have inofficially and against certain
ments returned a number of assets, the future economic devel pment
of which was dependent upon the restoration of the rights of' the
German owner •. Belgium also permitted the German owner to bitl in
the sale of his property.
.
Greece is ready to return the majority of the assets, subjeclt to
certain conditions.
I'
Holland has restored the claims from social insurance contra~ts
and general insurance contracts entered into on a basis of ctn
ployment.
�.Lfl~IHAd(x) Ie tl3.r.:::x;J.tOHd ae
lYW 1YlHaJ.YW
,- ~
U:
r'~)!J
ilJW:Id UNV NUl.LlllUl\illI
'IIVIY\ NU
SI~':~~ ~,. ~ NOIi.n~I~~I lI~AOOH
-poll:jnti1 olHoads ell:j :j~ot(:ni'\ pa:jnqp:jslP .;z~
paonpo.;zde.;z
/.;zell:j.;zn~m~e:jr ~:x~d~7:jo4d
slllJ. .
~_-"'.a>iI';-"'7~:"~"'"fm~'~li1''~n9'~~.;t-e--.-:'-
__ I.."""-_"v•. ~-.--.-.,~"·",.·-",,, .~.::~..~:'::':l!!:'~~~"·m~~~f...",.
'"
•
~,
- 15
The Union of South Africa is returning the assets to owners who
are willing to immigrate into the country or to contri butelto
the economic development.
.
'
.'
b~
Constitutionally the Paris Reparation Agreement is not binding
upon Congress because it is but an Executive Agreement.
Secretary of state Dulles has said' (Hearings before the Di,rksen
,
. Sub-Commi ttee on July 2, 1954,. p. 161):
'II
"In my opinion, the agreement, whatever its intent may have been
as an executive agreement, was without authority whatever
bind
the Congress of the United states in this matter. The property
had been vested by action of Congress. I believe Congresslhas the
right to decide what to do about the matter. I do not believe
that the freedom of Congress in this matter has been curta~led in
any way by this executive agreement. I am not a believer in the
power of the President thrOUgh, executive agreements to cuttacross
the normal legislative powers of Congress.
,
fO
I may say that, as a matter of interpretation of that agre ment,
it can be argued that it was not intended to operate in pe~ petuity
but was designed as a temporary measure perhaps to assure ~gainst
a revival of German militarism and the use of Germanimpor~ant com
mercial assets possibly as an instrument, of German militarism.
I think that that danger has passed and that if the agreem~nt be
given that interpretation - which I think is a reasonable ~ne
then the action which you contemplate is not only compatible with
the powers of Congress but also is compatible with the exe utive
agreement itself."
I
This etatement of the leading authority for the interpretal ion of
the international obligations of the U.S. should suffice ti~ do
I
away with that objection.
2. It is also said that Germany's reparation burden was light
after World War II as compared with the admittedly unbeara~le and
disastrous burden put on her after World War I. The concl~sion
is that there is little reason to make the reparation creditors
return that little value which they might after
have b~en able
to obtain for the heavy losses suffered by the war.
I
This comparison is without foundation on the facts.
a. After World· War I, Germany was in possession of h r agra
rian provinces of East Prussia, Silesia, and East Pomerania, in
cluding the industrial district of Upper-Silesia. These t~rrito
ries are now under "Polish administration", resp. "Soviet admini
stration" (Region of Koenigsberg) and wholly separatedfro~ the
~est of Germany.
' I
b. After World War I, Germany was, with the exceptioJ of a
few counties (Kreise) east of Koenigsberg, completely untouched
by any military action or war destruction.
'
�· _~'.... .
':I;)v3d ONV NOIJ.mOl\':I11 'livlr\ NO
-t.loq:II'ie :::)"t;J't:>ads eq":l ":Inoq":llM p9":1 nqp":lSlP
.;1'1
~I=':~~ ..~~ ~OI~nlI~~I lI~A~_.~:=~~~et::x:;~~::
~. .,¥.~~.--.~.""'~~' :"""~''::=<=;;'~''~:;'hif~~
__ .. __
,
studJ.eng.
FJ.le
- 16
, c. After World War 1, German.y had to absorb about 150.000
expellees from the provinces ceded to' Poland and France .1lA.fter
World War II, the Federal 'Republic, comprising only one thkrd
of the Germany of 1920, had to absorb 11 millions ex p ellee!6.
, d. Reparations, as agreed upon at the Potsdam confer!ence
(August 2, 1945) were levied against Germany on the assum~rtion
that she would be an economic entity (III, E, 14).
This assumption failed to come true.
e. The reparations levied against Germany at Potsda~ were
calculated on the ba,sis of a, totally disarmed Germany. Ge~any
is now expected to rearm 8ubstantially~
,
'
The value of the assets in the U.S. is equal to the costs of about
one division of which Germany is scheduled to put up twel"V1:e.
f. The burden of rearmament, not considered at potsd1am, has
virtually been shouldered by Germany already since severaJJ,ryears;
Germany has been paying to the allies heavy occupation cos: s on
an average of 10 billions DM a year (2,5 billion $) Since a num
ber of years, these, payments virtually were German contri l),lutions
to the common defense burden of the West. To occupy and to police
the totally disarmed and politically allied Western Germatiw, a
much smaller occupation force would have been sufficient. II The
famous Kaiserslautern military establiSh,ment , f. i. has bee~ paid
solely out of occupation costs provided from Germany.
II'
g. The return of the liquidation proceeds of the as~ets will
be far from returning all economic advantages which the U.~. have
attained from the reparation program. A number of such adtantages
are unrGturnable:
" I
aa. It is technically impossible to return the B~tents
vested by the OAP (cf. III,E,5). By making the vested
patents available on a royalty free basis t~Lany
applicant, American economy gained full gratil i tous
advantage of the monGY invested by the paten~ hol
der in developing his patents. It also gain~~ full
gratuitous advantage of the time factor inv~[ved
by saving months, years, and even decades of)'1 develop
ment. The competitive favourable situation of the
patent holder has been permanently destroyed to the
advantage of his competitors.
bb. The same applies to the immense quantity of [techni
cal knowled~e of all,description (patents, klrOW-hOW,
blue-prints) which the AlliGs, including th~ U.S.,
have assemble"d within Germany under the repal, ation
pr?gram.These '~sse~s, too, cannot be IIreturpedll.The
galn to the Ailles 1S as permanent as the 10)~S to
the German owner"
I
The value of this knowledge cannot be assess~d by the
nature of it. American estimates. as to the v!r.lue of
the advantages embod 5.,ed in tt,is -particular kl~nd of
reparation run very high indeed (many billiOrS of $).
_
�as
rJr.)IHAdOO AS mI.t03.LOHd
3:JY3d aNv NOI.1n1OA::i1l
.
..,...
--...~.
.
.~
,
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NOliOl..I.LSNI "HEIAOOH
\VW 'lYIH:iI.tW SIH.t =aOI.tON
____c,_, •. ,
.;.'
.... ..~"-"""
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OU1::>adS' eq:l :lniPq:lll''I pa:lnql.l:lslP .l~
paOt1PO.ld&.l .laq:l.lt1 6 &q ';Iou. AWl Ado::>O';Ioqd Sll1J'.
-pOI.I'=lrie
.. / .
.,--
•
"
cbmm1h.I'ttee for
....: __~tuPl··oLCl\,f,s,c..bo1.d-
.
_~_"_"_~"""""'~-"'-:~-""'''''':~'=~:'l\',,,,,,,,~~'''II:'~~.~;.;I~~'''''''':'~":"1.":'l'II'..:<~ ...""" "'l?:r'oprrtyBox 21 .
- 17 "StuClieng. fI File
ee. Trademarks, as far as they are sold, are in th1e same
posi tion as patents: they, too, cannot be re.tu)rned
by the Government. - If they are 1I returned" byl the.
new owner, the former owner will have 'to pay f;or it.
Trademarks constitute a permanent competitive lim
provement for the holder. He is in the posit~on
to close the national market to the former oWler and
even may compete with him on foreign markets. I
.
"
ddt After World II, reparations were f to the
I
West~rn
Allies, a by-product of the over-all policy of[ dis
arming Germany militarily and economically. ~his
leads t~ two conclusions:
..
'.
I
1. Having learned the lesson of the reparatio~ po
- licy of the Versailles settlement, the All~es
realized that'it is well-nigh impossible t~ ex
tract really substantial reparations from ~n
important partner of World trade without u~setting
the international structure of conunerce and en
dangering the economy of even the recepient coun
tries. From this lesson, the endeavour tollobtain
substantial reparations has been far less &cute
with the Western Allies who were ready to ~ub
ordinate reparations to long-term policy cbnsi
derations •
.T his is true above all for the U. S., which for ob
vious reasons were less eager than many of. the
minor allies to profit economically from r'parat
ions. It should not be too.hard to the U'I:;. to
move one step further on this general line! of
caring little for reparations by renoun6in. to one
more portion of reparation obtained "incidentical
ly" by persuing not a rigid policy of repa:rations
but a rigid policy of economic disarmament~ now
reversed to the contrary: a policy of rearmament.
£. The
policy of demilitarizing Germany econorllicallY
rather than obtaining valuable reparations has
afflicted exceedingly consequential losses l to the
German economy. To many branches of industfy, .
the real destructions came only after the whooting
war was over (steel, shipyards, machin~ to~ls,
synthetic gasoline, rolling balls etc.) Fo~ years,
and even up to now, various restrictions ate posed
on German industry (atom-reactors). The dismantl
ing of factories has been done much more f~r the
elimination and destruction of key places pf pro
duction'and research rather than the takin~ of
means of production to be used by the recepient.
�;H;)lllhdCO Aa CI3.r.=>S.toHd aa
':W'.._SI~'::~
:l3Ylld aNY NOI.LmOMlt 'ltYII\ NO
-poq';lrie OH1::>eds eq';l :!rol.l:nl"l pa';lnqp';lslP .l~
______ N?I~OLLL~I lI~AOOH peon-"""IiEri!~:E: ~:2-
-
~--"-~-~------'=:~:e~:-:=e:::=::::~~h-e sJ:uat
ion after World War I, which makes it indisput~ble to'
call the reparation burden lighter this time. After
World War I, no such economic demilitarizationijtook
place. A German government was in charge to p~ocure
the reparations in kind and in money so as to ~o the
least damage to the economy as a whole. -The :E,1rench
attempt of procuring reparations directly by o~cupying
the Ruhr has been a short and for that matter ~ruit
less interlude.
3. Some owners are said to earn an unjustified "windfall" in case
of return. The most famous of these cases is Schering Corporation,
The shares were sold by the OAP. for 29 Mio. $ whereas the c:11api tal
of the firm, according to the balance at the time it was velsted,
amounted to only 1,3 Mio. $ and, at the time of the selling, to
only 11,5 Mio. $.
I
This comparison is unfair. .The real value of a firm is nev~r in
dicated by its capital as shown in the balance sheet, but by its
earning power •. Besides, the purchasing power of the Dolla:!1 of
1952, the time of the sale, is roughly about half of the t1~e be
fore the war.
. .
.
1
In the case of Schering A.G., Berlin, the spectacular develbpment
of the American subsidiary, Schering Corporation, is largelY. due
to the fact that Schering Corporation was in the position t9 use
gratuitously the know-how and the patents of SChering,Berltn.
Furthermore, the "windfalls",that is the increase in nominal Dollar
value in some cases, are accompanied by a great number of c~ses .
of "windlosses", where a decrease in value took place. Thi~ is
especially true for all assets consisting in money accounts II (bank
accounts, trusts, royalties) which, because of the devaluat~on of
the Dollar, have decreased in value. They constitute almost half
of the total value of the vested assets.
!
40 The envisaged return of $10,000.- to each individual owner is
said to give full return to 90% of all cases, thereby virtually
solving the problem. -- This is far from being true. -
I
Only 10% to 15% of the total value of the assets will thus ~e re
turned. It is impossible to call ita "virtual" solution 0:61 the
problem when for the vast majority of the total value involvl1ed .
nothing changes. Such solution rather constitutes a virtua] aggra
vation of the problem since it is applying a discrimination I!against
larger assets. Such discrimination against ilkigness" used to be
foreign to the American m i n d . ·
II
i
It is incompatible with reality to overlook the fact that a cor
poration is owned by its shareholders. Most companies ownir. g as
sets in the U. S. are owned by a vast number of shareholders itlndeed.
Schering A.G., Berlin, f.i. has approximately 14.000 shareho~ders.
�There is not one "Mr. Schering" or one "Mr. Zeiss ll yearning for
his lost wealth but a great number of Ii ttle investors who· re the
sociological basis for a functioning democratic structure. II
Under modern industrial conditions, the workers and empIOye~S, too,
may be considered partners of the firm •. This changed posit}on of
the workers is borne out by the fact that under the new soc~al
legislation in Germany the governing boards of all sizeablell cor
porations are obliged to compromise a certain number of memrers
elected from the workers and employees (principle of co:-management).
The assets lost in the U.S. are not anymore cons~dered by the wor
kers as losses of the "capi talists", but of "their" factoryll
.
•
•
,I
pri~ate.
5. It is said that Bonn "recognized" the taking of the
property of its citizens in the Paris Agreements of 1955. Article
3 of Chapter VI of the Convention on the Settlement of Mattll~rs
Arising out of the War and the Occupation reads as follows:
I
liThe Federal Republic shall in the future raise no objectio s
against the measures which have been ••••. carried out ••••• "
This wording clearly indicates that no waiver of rights was in
tended nor executed.
This provision of the Paris Agreements is, by the way, the pnly
one which was accompanied with a formal protestation and reservat
ion from the part of the Bundestag when the Paris Agreement was
ratified.
Much emphasis is also being laid on the difference between ~he
forced acceptance of the Versailles Treaty of 1919 and the yolun
tary acceptance of the Paris Agreements, including the abovr pro
vision.
~
Mr. Debevoise of New York, who served as a special legal adrisor
to the US-High Commissioner of Germany when the Paris Agreements
were nego~ia~ed, said at the Philadelphia meeting of the Am~rican
Bar Assoc~at~on 1955 that the persons who oppose return bec~use of·
~ermany' s "treaty obligations" are ma~ing a weak argument. 1I'There
~s no "treaty".
When they were negot~ating on the section 0n re
parations, they merely added certain language the purpose of which
, was to prevent the Germans from thoughtlessly setting parti6ular
transfers. The Paris Agreement merely ratified what was bYlthen
existing law."
Even the Paris Agreement gives the Federal Republic the rig,t to
l
"negotiate with any country agreements on ••• questions
conr erning
!
German external assets unless the Three Powers specificallY) object
thereto", (Chapter VI, Article 3 (4)). It would make little sense
if by the same convention Bonn "recognized" the taking of tJhe pro
perties and was granted the right to negotiai:(e over the retliIrn of
these properties.
. '
I
0
••
�The meaning of the obligation of Bonn to ilraise no objections" is·
that Bonn will have no actual claim for the return but has Ilkept
the chance to ask for the return on the basis of negotiatiqrs.
6. It is said that return is unnecessary since the Bonn Gdvern
ment is under. the obligation to compensate the expropriatedl owners.
This objection refers to the Paris Agreement, Chapter VI, ~rticle
. 5: "The Federal Republic shall ensure that the former ownen1s of
property ••• shall be compensated".
Again, Mr. Debevoise has described the money value of this compen
sation at the Philadelphia meetin? of the American Bar Asso,~iation
with candid words: "As to Germany s promise to compensate,jYou
know what that means •••• The people whose property you are aking
here would be lucky to get back 5 or 10 cents to the dollari • That
is what Germans are getting back under the Lastenausgleich i rogram
(Equalization of Burden Law) for other types of war 10sses.11 They
have inserted very careful language in their constitution which re
quires them to treat all equallYe To try to shift the burd~n to
compensate to the Germans would, in fact, constitute a very real
taking on our part."
It'
Relating to the respective provision of the Versailles Trea~y
(Article 297 (i)), Professor Dr. Edwin Borchard, Professor pf Law
at the Yale Law School said at the 1933 annual meeting of tIle Ame
ricanSociety of International Law:'
I.
" ••• Of course, substitution of a bad debtor for a good debt,r,
, under Article 297 (i) is a mere subterfuge, doing no credit II to the
integrity of modern times. It'is the tribute vice pays to virtue.
It was a subterfuge to avoid the inevitable charge of confiAcation."
7. In discussions where all these objections have failed, !suallY
the last, most sweeping one is resorted to: lilt is impossib,e to
unscramble an egg. II
.
This is doubtlessly true. It is not true, though, that the pro
perty issue is comparable to a dish of scrambled eggs. Thene are
ways to unscramble the results of the confiscation policy a~ least
to a very large extent. These ways will be discussed now. I
IV.
A.
Suggested Solution.
Fi~QJng
the reyurn of
c9nfiscate~roperty.
It has been explained previously (II, A, 3 and 4) that about: half
of all "enemy" assets obtained in the U.S. have been liquida1ted
and that of the liquidation proceeds 165 million dollars ha~le been
spent. Any whatever ardent desire to return the confiscatedl assets
is bound to hit the quite serious obstacle, therefore, that ~his
portion of ,the assets is not any more available. That much seems
to be gone 'forever.
'
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./
-poll~ne ;:)Hl::>ads' &1I~ ~no~~l/'\ p&~nqp~slP .l"
p&;:)npo.ld&.l .l&lI~.ln;J &q ~OUJIAlillU Adooo~ol!d slq,t
.
'
Cmte '. Box 21
'
=«_'__ "'<'""~''"''''''-_<''='m''...'''''''''''''';", ··~_~;_'::'~~~))'I··-!'-UJ..'l--~·This amount will increase since the present program of usin~ the
liquidation proceeds for paying American war damage claims (Icf.
II, B) will require some more tens of million dollars befor~ it is
to be winded up on August 30, 1956 (cf. II, A, 4) .
.
I:
1. For the purpose qf ~ur further discussion it is safe to!start
from the assumption, therefore, that approximately 200 million dol
lars of the liquidation proceeds of the German confiscated ~ssets
will be spent at the time a program of ~eturn might eventually be
~rganized.
,.
II
'.
2. The enigmatic source from which this money of an estimat/ ed .
amount of 200 million dollars could be made to flow are the re
payments and, if necessary, prepayments of Western Germany on the
Post-War Economic Assistance Debt.
a. The United States have furnished economic assistance to
Western Germany since the termination of host,ili ties until i/JUly 1,
1951, amounting to about 3 billi9n dollars. On February 21, 1953,
the London Conference on Germany s External Debt was close1 with a
number Of international and bilateral agreements..
I
In persuance of "the policy of the U.S. to adjust such claims so
that the obligations of the Federal Republic .~. may be re~uced and
placed on a basis generally similar to that established fOf the
.,
other free nations of Europe", this amount had been reduce~ to
one billion dollars. (tlAgreement between the U.S. and the ~ederal
Republic of Germany regarding the' settlement of the claim Ibf the
U.S. for post-war econ'omic assistance to Germany" of Febru,~ry 27,
1953, in! Message from the President of the U.S. of April 10, 1953,
to the Senate, Gvt. Printing Office No. 26115, p. 135-138; Art.;I).
On this debt, an interest rate of 2 1/2% is due beginning IJanuary
1953. The first interest payment of 12,5 million dollars was due
on July 1, 1953, and semi-annually thereafter.
Beginning July 1, 1958, and semi-annually thereafter, 59 :imstall
ments of 23.790.000 $ and one final ins~allment of the un~aid ba
lance shall be paid for interest and capital (Article I, ~).
,
II
I
'
As of July 1955, a total of 62,5 million ,dollars on inter~sts has
,been paid according to that agreement.
b. It is significant that the agreement has prOVider from
the outset for the possibility of later alterations.
~
aa. Germany is entitled to make prepayments as she may
choose. In such cases she is obliged, though, to
make the same proportionate prepayment to G!reat
Britain and France with which countries si~ilar
agreements on pbst-war economic assistance rendered
by these two governments were concluded at London
(Article I, 4). .
�bb. The continuation of· the policy of confiscatio~ and
non-return against the yast majority of the Ge! man
properties is all the more irritating and disdrimi
nating because it is the only exception to the~ rule
of ~ policy of rcturning vested assets, as applied
in the case of the German' assets after World Yf1kr I
and of the Italian assets after World War II, I
By extending this policy of return to the Germ!an as
sets still confiscated, the princip~e of non-c~nfis
cation will be restored to its full vigour. If is
generally accepted and emphasized on many occa~:3ions
that the international recognition and force' of the
prinCiple of non-confiscation is of vital impottance
to millions of American investors, defending billions
of dollars of investments in practically all cfuuntries
of the world on this side of the Iron Curtain'l
It is a dangerous disse,rvice to the interests ff these
American investors to put foreign cO,untries inJ\the
position to point to the U.S. as a precedent w:ljl.en
confiscating, "nationalizing" or otherwise taking
the investments and properties of these Americli,'ns.
I '
cc. The policy of non-confiscaiion'has'been applie: re
cently even to private properties belonging to!\Citi
zens of Soviet Satellites, formerly German All~es,
A Public Law signed by the President on August~9,
1955, provides for the divesting "subject to release"
of property owned by a natural person, citizen Ilof
Bulgaria, Hungary or Rumania (Sec. 202 b). Prop,erties
belonging to corporations are not divested sim~ly be
cause all corporations in those countries have :be
come "nationalized", that is take,n overby the \govern
mente These assets, now governmental, are for that
reason gOing to be used for the paying of war damage
claims of American citizens against those goverlnments
(Congressional Record of June 23? 1955, p. 777~).
The reason for not confiscating the properties of pri
vate individuals was given convincingly by the ~ssist
ant and the Deputy Assistant Secretaries of Stalte,
Mr. Morton and Mr. Barbotir, by identical state~~nts
before the House Foreign Affairs Comnittee (Maribh
29, viz. July 8, 1955):
~
liThe Department of State is of the opinion that, the
property of natural persons should be excluded • rom
the vesting program. V/hile the Uni ted States has the
r~ght to seize suc~ prop~rty, it is considered pnde
s~rable to take th~s act~on; the assets of natural
persons are relatively small in amount and WE DO NOT
WISH TO ALIENATE THE SUPPORT OF FRIENDLY NATIONALS
OF BULGARIA, HUNGARY AND RUMANIA OR 'IMPAIR THEIfFAITH
IN THE UNITED STATES. Thus the legislation pro-\rides
for keeping the assets of natural persons in a "locked
!
�ri....'j"
:J:.:N:Jd ONY NOI.1rr1OA:llI 'lIYIlI\ NO
-l.lOQ~ne :>1:}1:::>ads aQ~ ~~OQ~l/'l pa~nqp~slP .l~
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~=:t:::::;::-: 0
~~"""';:-":n'I'P':>"~~.-..,:,,,,~-.' 'l'~
eas e; when, as, and u pori such
terms as the President or his designee may p1iescri be."
If it is important to avoid alienation' of friliendly
nationals, now subject to unfriendly governme;nts; it
makes no sense not to care for the alienatiO~tOf
,friendlY nationals, ci tizens of an allied gOVI' rnment.
ddt No additional appropriation from tax payers money will
be needed for filling the gap in the liquida~ion pro
ceeds. It would be utterly futile and a sym};jtom of
unrealistic approach to harbour any hope tha~ it might
be possible to obtain appropriations in the ~ense
proper of the word from Congress for this pu1 osee
It is true, of course, that this money coming back
from Germany under the Post-War Economic Assfstance
Debt Agreement originally also was American ~ax pay
ers money. There should be no fooling about ithis
hard fact.
.
I
But there are a number of essential differences bet
'ween money which has to be appropriated newl~1 and ex
plici tly for the specific purpose of filling I:the funds
of the liquidation proceeds and that money tol flow,
back from Germany in these years and the yea1s to come.
~pent
lao This money has been appropriated and
by
the U.S. already once. It was given wdthou~
the slightest reasonable hope to see I'one
single dollar of it again in the forebeeable
future. To accept this statement, o~b only
needs to rec~ll the economic, social,ij politi
cal and organ:l,zational 8i tuation' of G1rrmany
during ,the years ,she was given that money:.
desti tute and hopeless.
I[
It is an unexpected "windfall" that ti ere had
evolved a German Government being at Ihll in
the position to incur the obligation [' 0 repay
at least 1 billion $ of that money, - and to
keep that obligation.
lb. Similar post-war economic assistance as been
rendered to a number of other free co;untries
in J.!Jurope. Their obligations to repay,l that
money have been either cancelled altogether
or reduced to a far greater degree th'an that
of Germany.
I
I
Ie. Further "alterations", that is outright re
ductions of ~hat debt had been envisa~ed from
the beginning already at the time of ~he sign
ing of the agreement of February 27, ~953 .
(cf~ III,A,2,b). The chief reason for'll such en
visaged future reduction, i.e. German rearma
ment, has materialized in the meantime.
I
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.
-- ..-.~- - .
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'1
Id. No outright "reduction" is being aske~ from
the U.S. The money will have to be paid from'
the German economy, as agreed upon in IILondon.
The idea is to use a certain portion 9f this
money in such way as to give it to Ce~\tain mem
bersof that same German Elconomy whose proper
ties were confiscated. This would amoJnt to
some sort of indirect or intermediate !"reduct
ion".
Such "reduction" would have the immense bene
ficial result of removing an adamant d~stacle
from the road of American foreign pOli\cy. The
,U.S. has been ready to spend 3 billiods of
dollars to keep her mortal enemies frdfi starv
ing and to help them recovering from ~ war ,they
fought to the bitter end.
I
It does not seem to make sense if the U.S.
should shrink from a proposal to use sbme of
this money which she thought gone for bver but
which by a most unexpected developmentl has be
come available once more for removing fhe sole
sore spot left after her policy to mak~ allies
out of these former enemies has borne'Such
spectacular success.
.
!
Ie. To keep things straight in the proper proport
ions of financial magnitude, it will b~ helpful
to remember the fact that the money value of
all assets confiscated from German owners in
the t.S. is equivalent to the costs of one
modern division of which Germany is expected
to organize twelve. ,
I
I
"More than' 500 Mio. $ in German occupation
,
n
cQst funds have been spent in four yeaFs to
construct the Kaiserslautern complex", I center
of the US Western Area Conmland (US News World
Report, February 25, 1955).
~
Does it make sense to keep the equival nt value
of private assets of those supposed toldefend
'Kaiserslautern together with American ~roops?
ee.
It may be that the payments of Germany on inJerests
and capital according to the London Debt Agre1ement
may not suffice to provide all the money necd\ssary
for filling the gap at the time a return of the pro
perties can be effectuated.
l Ger~an
In such case, prepayments from the part of tJ
Government should take place. It cannot be ddpbted
that the German Government would be ready to Iponsider
such prepayments if by doing so it can contribute its
share to a solution of the property issue.
-.i'
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•••
be-all :he more true since the
pJSibili~
ty of prepayments was envisaged explicitly wlhen
framing the Debt Agreement (cf. above. III A,12,b,aa)~
'It is obvious that the Post-War Economic Assiistance
Debt can hardly be considered to be an inve~tment
from the part of the U.S. in terms of earni~g in- '
" terests on it. It can be assumed, therefore" that
//
the U.S. will be quite ready to accept prepayments,
?I
if offered. The interest rate of 2 172% is l"ardl Y
/1'
high enough to make the U.S. eager to enjoy that
interest as long as possible.
'
/
/~/ /\~
./
~s
tha.~,
be~i
It
also true
GerrpahY happens to
tuat1\~\~'~ ed in a section of t~e/world which belongs ~.o the
.
...\" traditionally troub ,~ areas. It may be con~idered
, ,~ to be no bad poli
td,get debts paid from ~uch
{(,.:~}~~:< areas in not too many installments.
II
R'
\:..
.
",s~nj,'" '."~.,,.. ~-,.~~iIIiIiii:""~'~'
•
Not ~ll the money spent from the liquidation proceeds Will
have to be procured from this source of the Post-War Econo~ic
Assistance Debt. The German owners will be ready to contr~bute
their share to the solution of the assets issue by making ~ sacri
fice. They will be ready to waive a certain portion of the]lir
claims.
I
3.
a. This idea: is not new.., After World War I, 20% of he as
sets had to be sacrificed by the owners (cf. above I, B, 4). This
was meant to be but a temporary sacrifice, it is true, but Ito be
i
reasons discussed previously, this sacrifice turned out to'be a
permanent o n e . "
I
b. The same idea has been discussed after World War II when
"
people began to look for a solution. To cite but one exam~let the
bill introduced by Senator Chavez 1953 (S.J.Res. 92) provi~.ed for
the return of the assets,. subject to a deduction of 20%.. !I
.
c. Assuming a sacrifice of 20% from the part of the 6wners
of the assets, valued at about 450 Mio. ~ (cf. above II, AJ 2), an
amount of about 90 Mio. $ could be deducted from the total I claims
of the German owners.
These figures are including, of course, those properties claimed
by their owners to be non-German.. It is impossible to asc~rtain
beforehand how many of these owners, if any, will be read Y to
accept the burden of the sacrifice - and the "taint", by i plicat
ion, to be German. If faced with the al t(~rnative either to !have
back 80% of the property immediately or to fight for the 100%
by continuing litigation wi th all risks, costs and quarrel~" it
is safe to assume that at least·a considerable number of tHe ap
proximately 23 cases now under Ii tigation will, be very gla'i to
choose the 80% return.
.
1
1
�d. The application of the same sacrifice to all owners may
tend to be unfair to the smaller ones. It might· be preferra' Ie,
therefore, to accept a gliding scale for levying the deduct~Dn
according to the size of the asset, asking more from the lar~er ones
and less from the smaller properties. ,
B.
Financing the payment of war claims.
For financing the payment of war claims, the same source sh9uld
be made available: repayments and, if necessary, prepayments on
the Post-War Economic Assistance Debt.
I
'1. It is of high significance that this idea has already b]en
adopted in principle up to an amount of 100 Mio. <:~ by the sd
called "Tentative Plan" of the U.S. Government, as discusse~ during
the intergovernmental talks at Washington ending March 4, lQ55.
The U.S. Government intends to propose to Congress to use lqO Mio.
$ of the payments of the German Government on the Post-War Econo
mic Assistance Debt for paying up to ~IO,OOO,-'to American ~ar
damage claimants. The introduction of a bill providing forllsuch
settlement is expected any,time. (Introduced on June 8, 1955,
H.R. 6730, Sec. 202).
'
2. The merits of 'enlarging this limited application of the idea
to all American war damage claims are'numerous.
I
a. The total value of the German assets is not suffic"ent
to meet all war damage claims (cf. above II,B,2,b). A Congtess
and a Government conscious of their obligation towards the Ameri
II
can war damage claimants will, therefore, have to look for ether
addi tional sources anyhow.
II
b. It is not possible to look to the German Govern~en1 ~s a
source for such payments. This road is blocked by Article 5 (2)
of the London Debt Agreement saying that "claims arising out of the
second World War by ••• nationals or countries ••• which were at
war with ••• Germany .•• against the Reich shall be deferrel until
the final settlement of the problem of reparation. 1I No suchlfinal
settl~ment has taken place nor is it being contemplated now. The
reasons for this clause actually protecting Germany agains til war
damage claims are numerous and intricate. One chief reason fuas
been to reserve "Germany's ability 'to pay" to her foreign pte-war
creditors, amongst which American creditors are occupying trle first
place.
'
c. No further appropriations from new money raised by
tax payer will be necess~ry for Congress if it chooses to u
money flowing back from Germany under the Post-War Economic
ance Debt for settling the debt of the nation towards those
zens who carried more than the average war burden.
the
e the
Assist
citi
d. This method will also provide for a quick payment. It must
not be forgotten that the as yet not liquidated portion of the Ger
man assets (estimated value 165 Mio. $) cannot be sold and ~ade
I
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.'
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'II '
,."
,Cmt..sL..",I}~#"2~.,,. ___.....~>._
--.---.....-~""""'.-...... ~""""'...-~-""--..~ ..- ··;rm:udier ." File
available for payments to the war damage claimants until and lnless
the law suits now pending regarding these assets,will be deciaed.
Some of these suits are pending for years. Since everyone of i~hese
cases involves intricate issues of international as well as dbme
stic law, it is safe to assume that it will take many more ye1krs
to get a court decision.
.
I
As long as the se assets are under Ii tiga tion, they cannot be ,sold.
There have been attempts, it is true, by introducing appropriate
bills to make a sale possible inspi te of litigation. These at/tempts
have been 'unsuccessful so far, becausei t is widely doubted~:f sale
would be in accordance with constitutional law~
But even the liquidation proceeds will be blocked from being used
for the purpose of paying war claimants until and unless the
suit
will be decided upon by the court.
At least some of these assets will never become available fon.'1 pay
ing the war damage claimants, because it can be assumed that.of
the 23 assets under litigation certainly a certain number wi]l be
said by the courts to be non-German.
,
II
e. The use of the repayments under the Post-War Economic
Assistance Debt for the paying of the American war damage cl~imants
should be executed as a temporary measure of the US-Go~ernment
not constituting any waiver of an eventual reparation claim ~f the
U.S. against Germany. It may be that at the time of a four pbwer
peace treaty with Germany, the Soviets may be pressing for mpre
reparations. It would be unwise' for the U. S. and not in the I in
terest of Germany either if the U.S. would not be in the pos~tion
to sit in on the ~eparation issue, leaving the field to the foviets.
Go~ern
f. Being an unilateral decision of Congress and the
ment of the U.S. how to use money due to her from the Government
of Germany, it would be in full compliance with Article 5 of the
London Debt Agreement (cf. above 2, b).
3. Last not least, the method suggested scems to be the most
feasible way to save private property of friendly foreignersl, in
deed of allies, from being used for payment of debts of a fo eign
Government.
'
It is not difficult to foresee situations in which a foreign govern
ment might state to have claims, real or fictitious, agains~ the
American Government .• It will be a welcome precedent to such Igovern
ment to point to the U.S. Government when taking American pnivate
properties under its jurisdiction to settle that claim.
In this wicked world, it may even happen that a claim againjt the
U.S. Government will be put up in order to have an excuse for tak
ing the private properties of Americans, be they oildwells~ banana.
plantations, office buildings or bungalows.
�v.
The interest of the American investor is asking for a
return of the German assets.
-...-.
..
The interest of the American investor has been defended by the
State Department in its note of August 28, 1953, addressed to
the Government of Guatemala with the following words:
" ••• The obligation of a state imposed by international 1aWl to
pay just or fair compensation at the time of taking of prolper.ty
of foreigners cannot be abrogated from the· international si~and
point by local legislation.' If the contrary were true, st'ates .
seeking to avoid the necessity' of making payment for property
expropriated from foreign. nationals could avoid all pecuni~ry res
ponsibility simply by changing their local law, Every inthr
national obligation could thus be wiped qff the books. BU in
t,crnational law cannot thus be flouted. Membership in the family
of nations imposes intcrnational obligations,
1
['
", •• The Un~ted States seeks only that which is just
tha~ which
is reasonable -- that which is fair -- for American investors in
Guatemala".
Bremen, March 1956
Dr" E. SchUtte
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [5]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-5
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/844012c7ae2be7971752de262ffa2c41.pdf
7e5170c40a3bb2746b473f47ad4e4449
PDF Text
Text
.-
z~_-'-'0.4.1 1.<?«4 d
dt11 ~1
~
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.....
13ir4
C·:rr!:J.ElC~ il~u~ A~.Yen'le
Vhf.ihin~t'n, D. C.
i
19 December 1947
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
***See . Foo1inote -_.
NON-M0:tJETARY GOLD FX LVICTPAS OF NAZISM
The first ~hipme!lt ::If unon-,mone'tr.ry gold '! dest~nec1 to aid victims of Nazi
persecut.ion - 840 CRses of jmve:!.lery, china, silver, rugs
~nd
other. valua'les
, ..
I
. arriY8ci. at New York on .Mond..'ay, 15 DeC'lmber 1947, on the USAT General Sturgis.
I
The shipment was made. un:ler thee.ut;lpi }es of the PCIRO.
The so-called
II
non-monet.ary gold'l is to be
dizing AdviBor;y Comwittee of the PC II D.
tentative~
~old
in the U.S.A. by a Merchan
The shipment represents I'roperty! valued
at $1,000,000, whose own3rs'cannot be identified, taken by
th~
Nazis
from their victims, a.nd found by tho American armies in their zones of oebupation.
.
.
II
.
Its sorting, appraising and packing have occupied a special perRO staff for over
six months.
The IInon-monetaryllgold" in this first shipment consists of 334 cases 1of silver
..
.
bowls, candlesticke and plate; 198 cases of table silver; 132 cases
.
I· .
of rugs; 130
i
.cases of chi!~, 34 cases of watches, clocks, jer/els and Cigarette cases a~ 16
caS,3S of ve.ltlP.ble postage stamps,
I
Gold and silver bullion obtained by the smelting of tlnon-monetary go!ll.d u is
. .
..
. '
One case of diamonds valued at about $500,000
being prepare<"_ for sale.
,
II
WfS
I
I
P!:''3v1.olH:ly flmvn to the U.S.A. if!. November.
All t.har::e goods are made available to the POIRO under the terms of R.~ara tioD
Agrnemant,:;: 0::' D"3cember 1945 and June 1946.
dnon-moneta~ goldn
The definition of
Ol~ the d~.scretion of the occupation authorities in Germal'\'{ and Altria,
wt.~;e til" Boo,l. were found. The ~tr~l¥ liberal definition made by thei A_ican
de-}lurd.i:1
e,ut.~"or~·('i·,;::s 1dlJ..~
ur
'~.h:~ 'p1.1't,
:1.s
~.t
hopad~
be :.:olJ.owed by equivalently wide interpretations
of the Eritish and French authoritieso
,'3r::,.:i,rig on the SFur.e Ehip were 8;56 refugee immigrants bound for Ca~', who
"'ere
c">",,~ke.-; .a ·t. P.al.i!:ax,
nlO;;'t) ·t::r.':1 :<,O~0r)O,"uI.OF:l~
An""'" ""-Qe.
......... ".
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in tho
r.~
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N>vIl Sc otia , on 12 December.
'''.''''
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arepa~t Q.f the
by the Ca!1a.dian Government.
we',.. . t;; ••npn sfl1Acted for work as IJlermen
. '" t,_
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C!
,.\., '..'
'0
_ •
as miner:;,· end for work as garment-makers in Catdian
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.. L.IC.l.' '9 'Jeen .ill'. d'e by r'apr3I3en:.a t;
•.
c,.:..... . 0n.5 'L..........
..ves
" .... ........ :
,3C '1
.
:::~. +'1.1,8 OL.1Pl~r'3r6 <~:":1('.oL·nsd,.
.
C:f...:1.,:~l!!:n r·;:Ji.c1.';:i,l.ts
•
a~l":,h~:,:,ized
They
ane.
.
./.'
0...
the Go~ernment
I
'1
Th~ tal;:::n.(;i.~ r::':~ the re-e·..l/le.::J~ are ('·lose rJ!lati~fes'
'N?X'; n0r:1::~~.t,e1
" .
I
r.y thos':;! l':;.dder:.ts for. ad::nission to Canada.
I
�..
"...
The immigrants are of twe:l.,re
-...
.
: ,
~
..,
::-r-lt~.()n;.::itif3a ~
424 come from the Ame ican
Zone of Germal\\', 396 from the BrHish Zone of Germal\\' and 16 from
Aust·.
The U.S.A.T. General Sturgis, on which the "non-monetary gold"
a~ the
immigrants sailed, is one of the three slrips operated specially by the U.
War Department for the peIRO.
S~
After her return to Bremerhaven, the Sturgis will
.
~
.
Boon depart with another group of refugees to be resettled in one of the countries
wit.h wb5.ch the peIRO haa a resettlement agreement.
This is the sixth voyage of the U.5..A.T. General Sturgis as a re:flrgee
transport.
She was the first of the U.S. Arrw ships to be used on thJs Vlork,
.
leaving Bremerhaven on its first vqyage on 2 Way 1947.
~
She has so fan taken
3,420 refugees to Venezuela and 861 to Brazil.
**If- A release similar to this was issued at peIRO HQ, Geneva,
Switzerland, on 2 December to announce the departure of the
tEAT General Sturgis fromBremerhaven, Germany •.
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Die anliogende Presseverlautbarung des 'zur Untersuchungll ..
der Enteignunasgesetzgebung eingesetzten Unterausschusses
des amerikanischen Senats Ubersenden wir Ihnen im engliechen
Originalwortlaut, urn Sie ohne Zeitverlust mit diesem Wi9hti
gen, Dokumentbckannt zu Machen und in derAnnahme, daB +hnen
, der Ylortlaut auch in englischer Sprache verstandlich seltn
wird.
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noch nicht vorl Sein wesentlicher Inhalt ist:
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erlHses. '
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2. Abzug einer GebUhr flir die Verwaltungskosten des
Custodian, die sich jedoch offensichtlich wesentllich
unter. der pausehalen "VerwalturigsgebU11.t'" des' Ges~tzes
'
, ,
ent wUrf s" des Sella:to.l"S,·,G.}~a:'l,FeZ',"'rzi:n"·Hij.he'-v.e~..".,2.Q (fI, haltI'I e n
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3.' Bereitstellung von Mitteln in dem allgeme1nen StaJats
,",', ~':
haushalt, die fur die Bezahlung der Kriegssehadertser~
satzansprliche nach dem War Claims Act von 1948 atts d~m
LiquidationserlHs der deutschen Vermagen aufgeweude~
worden sind oder noah verwand t werden so.llten. H~!erzu
gehoren bekanntlich in erster L1nie Entschadigungs
zahlungen an amerikanische Kriegsgefangene.
Der Reehtsaussohu13 des. Senats wird von ,Senator Langer ~e!'lei
tet, der sei t mehreren Jahren fUr eine Revision der Entel:ig
nungsgesctzgebung eingetreten ist, Es kann damitgerechrtet
werden, da13 dcr Reehtsausschu13 sich den Bericht seines Uhter
ausschusses zu eigcn Machen wird.
I
Anlage
I
~ez.
\
Dr. E. SchUtte
. ' ,'.
"
�=========================================================
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
. Washington, January 27, 1954
FROM THE OFFICE OF
SENATOR EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN
,
,
The Senate Judiciary Subcommittee under thechai
ship of Senator Everett McKmnley Dirksen (R.) of Illinois,.
vlhich was created in the 82nd Congress and continued in th·
83rd Congress to examine and review the administration of
the '.rrading Y/ith The Enemy Act, filed its report today in
which the rlOrk of the Committee is rather fully revievved
and certain specific recon~endations made for legislation.
Since June Of 1952 the Subcommittee and its predecess r
has been inquiring, by means of inve~tigation and through !
public hearings into the administration of the Act under
which the assets of former enemy countries and enemy alien·
during and after ~orld War II were confiscated and admini
ncy ..
stered by the Office of Alien Property or its predece~sor
In the course of its inquiry the Subcommittee not only
examined into the administration of the Act but also the
whole change of phiiosophy underlying the Act and points
out in the report that whereas during and after World War I
the theory of seizing and administering enemy property was
based on the idea' of custodianship, the concept was changed
to one of confiscation and liquidation and that this new
.
approach was conceived and maneuvered by Harry Dexter White I
Virginius Frank Coe and their associates who were so recent
ly identified by the Internal Security Subcommittee of the
Senate Judiciary Committee as Communist tools and pawns.
The report points out that based on certain limitations
in existing law and on the testimony of some of thef'ormer
Alien Property Custodians that the activities of the Alien
Property Office could continue for as long as 50 years unle
Congress takes affirmative action.
It points out also that the present policy of confis
cation can nullify and destroy the effects of a foreign poli
which is designed to build a strong Western Germany and J
as bulwarks against further Communist aggression. The re
also indicates that the present policy could tend to dis~
courage the investment of private risk capital abroad.
The Subcommittee has therefore recommended the drafting
of legislation that would eliminate certain inequities and
injustices in the present Act ,and bring it into conformity
with the purposes of our foreign polioy.
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The Subcommittee recommends·'
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(1) Providing for the return of
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COmlnlttee for the Return of
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roperlity
Box._~l·
"Studieng." File
private(:-prope~.·~jf~~:~Pt-j~211·'
cated under the Act to individuals not convicted of war
crimes but holding in trust property of individuals 1/
who are under the domination and control of governmel:ts
of Communists and Communist' sate IIi te nations.
I
(2) Providingf9r a ~easonable and appropriate ?harge ag~inst
property wh1ch m1ght be so returned as a
for custodial charges.
.'
re1mburseme~t
,
(3) Providing for adequate protection of claims which mar"
be pending against confiscated assets.
1
(4) Providing for the retention of' the property which be,long
ed to former enemy governments.
.11
VIII l\Uo:>o~oqd SltL:
I
(5) Providing ·the President of the United States with dis
cretionary power upon a finding that the national i~ter
est is involved to dispose of alien holdings 'in property
which is located in the .united States to bona fide 1'/
American purchasers, the proceeds of the sale less .
custodial charges to be returned to the alien ownerf'
(6) Providing for the payment of claims under the War Claims
Act of 1948 from sources other than funds derived f~om
confiscated property in order that there may be ass~r
ance of the satisfaction of all legitimate claims which
are an obligation of this government to its citizen~.
(7) prOViding' for an equalization of benefits to Americ1ln
prisoners of war Who were captured in Korea with t~~
benefits now granted to veterans of World War II. lJ3ihis
is a moral obligation of the United States which sHould
be paid by direct nppropriations rather than to co~dit
ion such payment upon an already depleted and rath~r
uncertain fund which is being administered by an entire
ly separate agency..
. .
II
The report and recommendations have the concurrence of members
of the. Subcommittee, with the exception of reservations' by
Senator Hendrickson in respect to (1) above.
(
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [4]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-4
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f3020e02a44b653747d0ddb757d3c0ec.pdf
90570cdbc0e22c6d9cb642df4c5bbd54
PDF Text
Text
I
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. (PROPERfi CON'l'ROL .
HISTORY. FOLICDS. PRACTICES AND ,ROCiDURES
OFTlB
UNI'rEI) STATES .ll..l1EA OF CONtROL. GERMANY
flEPORT.
by
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FUNCTIONING OF PROPERTY CONTROL • e "
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Us@ of U. S. TZO£lo.sury DJpc.rt:m.ont Rocordll in Loentlng Propertios • • •
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Lists Forwnrdod by l~~oric(\n Consulnte Genual
Dir'oet Inquiries from Ovmors
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Us~ of ReichskommiSlSo.r'sRoeords by U.S. Fropo1"ty Control .i1.uthorities
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Inspoctions of' Proportios Undor Control • • •
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UNITED NJl.TIONS, NEUTRl.L. "l.i'JD OTHER IwSENTEE OTmED
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25
Export of Householrl and Porson!'.l Effects, • • • ' • • • • • ' • • • • •' ••
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I
of, Land Rafom L:\ws to Un,itod Ntlt10nsnnd NQutrr.l ProPQrtios 26
.i~ppbintmont ot Custodic.n:r tor Hungarian Proportios •
Uor6.torium on Foroigrilrivostmonts ••
•
Effoct of Curroncy Rf)torm on Proporty
Pt:.ymonts to
25
••
Ro~c.tivo s
•
•
•
•
I
.-'
•
•
•
I
••
I
•
I.
••••••••••
~
i:..dministrc.tion of Prop~rty Utili'toel by Information Control • • •
I
0'"
PROPER'l'IES OF THE GERMfili REICH. L'.ENDER, PROVINCES, iJifD POLITICil.L
I
•
•
•
•
•
26
,' I I
Control • • • ". ". ".".' 'r .~ '. •••• 2:, ~ I",
of Unitod Nations NC'.tionals "
SlIBDIVISIONS THEREOF.
21'
.'.
~ ~ ~
I
.' ..
~
0
l' •
I.'
~.
"0 ',0 .
•
2 8~.li.
Rec,ommen1C'.tions for Dispcsition iio.do by tho ProPQrty DispoBition
Board on 26 Maroh 194.6 • • • • • ':• • 0 • • . ' . " I • 6 • • • , ' ,
,
Tro.n~fer of Rosponsibility to' ~~'\n ilouthoritios • •
Probloms Concorning Th1s Ty:,o of Proporty
••
I
••
~
•
•
•
28
I
,.2
••
!'I • • ' • • • • • • • •
I
I
�Prosqnt Situntion .' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' •• '•• • • •
NIIZI :Pl"RTY ORGlJ'l'IZ.i.TIONS
• •
• • • • . • • .'. •.•.• • • • • • •• • •• • •
· . .'. . .. '. '. . . '. . '. . . .
Orgul:lizntion of tho>}liiF
,
Te.king Did;'Propertios into Custody
•• '••.•.•
00
0
o.
•
~
. . ... . .
0
0
~;.
'• •
0
I
,
Logi~lntion • • • . • • • •
0
0
0
••
0
0
0
' ••.••
0
••••••
. . "."',". . . ... . '. . ",.
Imp19mantntion of tho Program • •
-".'
Tho Germr,n Rod Cross nnd Disposition of its Propertios
••
. .. .,'. . • •
Tho Raich FoC) d Estate (Raichs-Nnehrstnnd).·
Soci0.1 Insuranco Co11octions.by ND.zi Orso,nizations' ••
Ro1o~sinb
0
o
0
•
0
•••
;"
•
0
••• '
e','
• • • •
•••••••
Nazi. Party P~opertios from Control· • • • • • • • • • • • • •
I. G. Fll.RBENINDUSTRIE •
• •
. . .. . . . . . . '. . . . . . .
• •
o
•
• •
Portinont ·Logis1c.tion t.nd IHlitr.ryGovGrrunont Policy Ste.tomonta • • • •
Ro1oaSE) of I. G. Fc.rbon Proportio s from Control • • .'. •.• • • •.• • ....
,
PROP,ERTYOF Ni:..ZI HElmERS (Ni.ZI Pi:..RTY i:fEJ:.IDERS)
Taking Property undor Control ••
0
•
•
Sup~rvising
• • •
• • •
..
0
0
•
•
•
0
•••
0
••
0
0
•
0
•
•
•
••••••
Croation of a Spocin1' Fund for Noody Porsocutoas
ChnrGinG Foes for
• •
0
•
• •
0
J,\pplicc,b1e Logis1ntion nnd Procoduro
•
• •
Nazi Propertios
0
0
· ... . . .... . .
"
~.
0
• •• • • • • • •
•
RE~UISITIONED
PROPERTIES
•••••
0
0
0
••••
• •
0
•
0
0
0
•
LOOTED PROPERTIES - ·ExTERNi..I. RESTlTUT:rON
•
• • •
~IISCELLiJ~OUS
0
••••
•
•
•
•
0
0
•••••••
•
•
••
0
0
•
•
e' •
0
••
•
•••••••
Do.requisitioning of Proporty Occupiod by Uo S. Forcos •
Requisition of Furnituro by Mi1itr..ry Posts
0
. .'. . .
I
. j
•
0
•••
0
•
•
•
0
•
•
0
•
•
•.•.•
0
.'
•
•
0
. . •. . . .
. . . . .'. · ...
•
o
• • •
0
0
•• :.
•••••••••
•
0
Disposition of Cc.pturod Enomy Ho.toriC'.l C'.nd Fun(ls Dorived from tho
8c.10 the roof •
0
•
•••••••••.•
Reloase of Proportios,ofCntogory III cnd IV Offendors
Prosont Situntion ••
0
'.
•
•
Sti10 of Goods into tho Gormtin Economy through S';!:'EG • •• • •
•
0
•
•
•
0
o. . • •.•
TREL'l'l'lENT OF DUREfSS PROPEHTIE3 iuifD BRIEF REVI1~'-i OF' INTERNl~LRESTITUTION
PROGRf:.N UNDERl:IILITj;.RYGOVERl-JllEUT l..L·~n NO. 59
0
Introduotion
~
•••
0
••••.•
11.dministrntion of Control
,
,
Ov~r
. ... ....
•
•
••
o
•
'"
••
0
.0
.
Duress Propertios . . . . .
•
0
• • •
• • •
e': .•
-"~,
•
41
.
.
Promu1Gntion of Milito.ry Govqrnmont La.w No. 59 •
0
0
••
•
••••
Organization !lnd l.d.ndnistrntion of' RestitutionProgI'E1.n1 undor.
,Mi1i'jje.ry Govornmont Le..... No. 59
0
,;
•• ' ••
0
•
;;
..
....
•
0
e'
••
••••
0
'.12
44
�Box
--.3
. ..
IvlodificC'.tion of Prop~rty ,ControlPol1oy Subsoquont to . 1111 lit c. ry·
Goyornment. LaTi No •. 59 ., .•• -'•. , •. ' ......... ;...................................
Status of Bostitution PrograI:l" 30. Juno 1949
....
e . ...'
•
. .... ...
,
Ro stitution in Bo rlin t:'.nd British !'.nc1 Fronch Zonas. .... c.. · · . . .. · ·
Stntus of Restitution undor e. Gonar2.1 CIC'.imsLnw
.... . .
. CONCllJSION
,
.. ,. . .....
~
,
•
,.-t~
....
':
1'''-'
.•
I." ..
io
•
•.•., •
I
•
••
0
. '..*.' .•
~.
•
•
•
'w
•
•
•
•.
'j." -.'.
'.',' '• . •
�,,:'
.(,
2 qcr
~g:~,
.
~~PR~DUCEDATT~E ~~TIONALARC~I~,E_~i,R. G
I '
:f6r2. e.UXf M S
".,:
.
6£t1'lt"i-AflJl
Entry CO)iAj,(I\'~(o>i' OMGU~
i' 22bh
File? 2o{>, co\.rn?~~\~1VY2...'( 101' (
Box
3
C"o"nCJ!..
I
""':
ANNEX .
......0.
Source
No.
2 Aug 45
I Governmonts of
UK, US, USSR
II Joint Chiefs
of Staff
III U.S. Foroos,
European
TheAtor
Directive 26 Apr 45
1067/6
, Diroctivo
7 Jul 45·
Militnry Government of
Garmany (Ex~crpt)
l~dmiriistrc.tion of Militnry
Govo rnmo nt tn tho U .8. .
Zono of Gormany (Excerpt)
IV U. S. Forces,
Europec.n
Thentor
Lotto'r to 15. iiUg 45
CoIllI1lD.nding
Genernls
,V Gbrm.. 1.n
.
Authoritios
Lnw .
VI U .8. Hilitr.ry
Govornmont
(Gorrnnny)
MGR Title 17
Property dontrol
Lo.w N6~ 5
Dissol~tion
V'II U oS. Mili tnry
Government
(Gormq.ny)
. 5 Mnr 46·
of tho Nnzi
, Po.rty (Excorpt)
67
Foreigl'1 Exchc.nge Cont'rol
o
gntio~
Ldw No. 54 ,27 11.~g 45
Usa of Yiohrmnoht Prop~rty
rrl
Lnw No. 58 29, Juno 47 Implemonting Control Council 72
Diroctive No. 50
:XI U.S. Militc.ry
Government
(Gormc.ny)
'''l01Alliod Control
il.uthority
6
Lnw No. 53 Dnto of
Promul
XU. S~ Militc.ry
Government
( Go rme. ny: ).
XIV Allied' Control
Authority
(Gormnn) Lo.w for Liberntion
from Nutionc.l SociC'.lism "
nnd l\lilitnrism (Ex'cerpt)
Blockinr!; nnd Control of.'
Property
(Go~many)
XIII U.S. Militnry
Governmont.
( Go rnL.'lriy )
5
La.w No. 52 Dnto of
Promul
gntion
VLII U. S. Mil i to.ry
Government
(Gormnn'y)
:<'
,IX U.S. Military
Government
XiI U.S. Militc.ry
Government
(Gcrmc.ny)
Dnto of
Promul
gntion
Removc.l of Nazis e.nd
Militnrists (Summo.ry
Excorpt)
to
Re stitution of Idontifinblo
. Property
74
Lnw ~Tn. 77 Date of
Promul
gc.tion
Suspol1sionof Certo.in Or
gc.nizritions c.ri~ Offices
concerned with Lebor
85
Proclo.mc.- '20 Sop 45
tion No.2
Certain ;~dditionC'.l Require
ments Imposod on G€lrrnc.ny
(Excerpt)
86
Law No." 2
10 Oct 45
:providing.for the Terminn
tion r.nd-Liqu idation of
tho NC'.zi Orgr.nizc.tions
87
Luw No. S
30 Oct 45
Vesting nnd MCi.rshnlling of
Germnn External i~ssets
88
Lc.w No. 59
Nov 47
\
,
"l011 Alliod Co~trol
liuthority
/
�11.rlllOX
SourCE)
No.
XVII.Allied Control· Lc>.w No. 9
Authority
Dc.te
30 Nov 45
Title orSubjoot
Providing for tho Schure
of Property owned by I.G.
~arbenindustrie and tho
Control Theroof
XVIII Allied Control
Authority
Lc>.w No. 10 20 Dec 45
Punishment of Persons
.89
Guilty of WC'.r Crimes, CrimalS
c.gc.inst Ponco c.nd'c,gc.irtst
HUmc.nity (Excorpt)
. XIX. Allied Control
.A uthority
Luw No. 46 25 Feb'47
Abolition of tho Stc.to of
Prussic. .
..xx
All io d Contro 1
.Authority
XJCI l~llio d Control
il.uthority
.XXII U.S. Militnry
Government .
( Go rmt'.ny )
Directive
No •. 50.
9j
29 Apr 47 . Disposition of Proporty Hav 90
ing Bolongod to Orgc.niic.~
tions Listod in Control
Counoil Proclnn1£\tion No.2
and Control Counoil Law No. 2
Direotive '15 Jc.n 48
No. 57
Disposition of Property Con
fiscc.tod UndorControl Coun
cil Law No.• 10 or LogislJ::.
tion Issuod Pursua.nt to
Control Council Directive
No. 38
9:
Luw l-Io. 19 20 il.pr 49 . Disposing of Prop~rties
9
. B!:wing Belonged to tho'
. Former Gormnn Reich and tho'
Forrner Gerrn...in Stc.tes, atc.
�,
\.
SUTlillifARY
:Thc t·w·o fundc.nlont!:'.l' problems of tho Property Control Progrc.m hI'.VO bOOln
~irst~ thc.t of l?c~.ting, p.IC'.c~ng undor custody. sClfoguc.rding c.~d C.dmi~i~tc~
'l.ng ,,{r.rious Spocl.t1od cetogorJ.os of property; and, socond, mc.kJ.ng decJ.sJ.on:s'
providing ,fo;r u1tlmc.to disposition of propcrtiolJ e.nd oxpoditing tho ro1oc.s~
thoreof. In ncoord~1ncc vlith Military Government policies, .dirae;t1vcs. laws
r.nd othor moa.sl.lro.s, ovory effort V1lt'.S, mC'.do to ro1oc.so '(\5 m,.."l,ny proportios from
control n:s pOIISib10 ~
' "
'
II,
,
' In line with Militc.ry Government polioy of tl'£'.nsforring ,greater rosp'o~-'
sibi1ity to Go~.n govornmontc.1 C'.l.lthoritios, ProportyControl responsibility
fo~ custody c.n¢!. administrdion, ns providod for inUilitcryGovornmont Rog~
Intian Titlo 17" ~.s trClnstorred to Gormc.n ,Lend govornmonts during tho latter
ht:.lf of 1946. Spaoinl sc,foguc.rds wore providQd for proportias ot United II
Nc:tion$ c.nd noutro.l ovVllers a.nd those properties in the uduross" cCltogorios~
Tho Garmc.n c.gonchl s Wt.lre under tho direot suporvi.sion of Mill tc.ry Govorn-' I
mont o . u t h o r i t i o s . '
.
/
, The m.."l.gnitude ot tho to.sk performod by Prop"rty Control is bost illus~
trc,ted. by Co fow sto.tistics. DUlring th~ ontiro :t'roporty Control Progri:.m
15:5, T49 propertios, with t'.n estim.<".ted vt'.l\lo of 13, T45~OOO,OOO ROiehsmnrks,
wore: tD.kon into custody. 115,501 prop~rties, vc.luod nt 11,304,000,000
Roichsmnrkll, hnve grc.d.unlly beenreturnod to thoir rightful ci'W'nors ·,or '
'S\lOCQssol'sin into 1'0 st. The P9e.k: "ms, r(i;lo.ch<ul onts F(lI'bruc.ry ]:948 whcm
10'1,.146 proportioli, va.luod at 11,66'1,000,006 M1chsmc.l'ks,wore held undor"
eon;;;rol. Custodic.nCC'.sh Bn1culee s (:md Prop~rty Control ContpC'.l CC'.lIh Ac,
counts amounted to ['.pproxmr,toly 1,500,0,00,000 Roiehl!mc.rks e.s vf, 31 AugUst,'
1946. Those tiguresdo not include instu11ations usod hy Occupc.tion forces,
works of c.rt c.nd culture.l objQcts, foreign oxchango t:'.ssots, o.ndothor prop-, '
artios 'Whioh 'lj,'Oro blocked but not undor Prop~rty Control,•. AI! of I July
I
1949, thoro rgmr.inod und"r control 38,268 proportiel! v[',luod o.~ 2,441,000,0,0,0
Roie!tsmr.rks, whi'ch for tho most pc.rt cc.nnot bo, rOlet.sed from oontrql unti~
0. find dotorlJ?indion MlS beon mado, oither by tho Denc.zificr.tion Tribunr,~s
with respect to tho 3,391 properties bolonging to Nc.zis,or the Rostituti9in
Authorities \lndorMilitt:.ry Govornment Lew No. SS with rospoct to tho ,30,3 3
proporties in tho "durossll'ec.tegory. Most of tho fow remnining propcrtiris
cr.nnot be relec.sod undor present l!ilitnry Govornmentpolicy.
1
.
'
In tho 0<,.r1Y pnrt of 1946 tho Mi1it~.ry Govornmc,ntProperty Control
Orgc.niJ,D.tion c.t 0111008 and Lnnd Lovol con~istod of 296 U. S. personnel,
supportod by 2.176 Gormc.n civili£'.ns. With tho transfor of c~rtain re
sponsibilitiol to, Gormr.n author~tios in tho l~.ttlilr hnlf of 1946, Milito.ry
Govornmont parsonnol we.S grr'.d,l~lly reduood c.rid u lnrgopt';rt of the burdon
vms 'assumed by tha Gorme,n Prop~rty Control Offices c.t Lo.nd lavo1, which ,
consisted of 4 LCAHlI Officos and 240 Go~n Kreis Proporty'Control,
Agcmcios omploying 3,053 GGrmnn civilic.ns. Tho so figuros do. not, of
,
courso. inoludo tho 80,000 ,odd Prbporty Control oustodic.n.s. A5 of 1 JUlyi
1949# tho Gorm..-m At;oncios hc.d in. thoir o,mPloy approxim..'1.toly 2,50,0 POOP10_I'
11.:5 of 1 July 1949, thoro wore 40 U.S. civiliE'.ns engagod in Property'
Control c.ctivitios at both 01100S and Lo.nd Loval, e.ssistod by c.pproximc.toly
, 309 GQrman clvilic.nlJ.
.'
/
,
I,
In J\lno 1947 tho'omphasis c~'1.ngod from th(ll first pht.so (that of 10et'.ting Emd e.doquntolyprotootl.ng proporties) to implomenting c.nd carrying
out tho sQeond phrisQ' (rolol.'.oro of properties from cOntrol). In June '1947 IP'
progrr.m 'ir.:'.S c.nnouneod providing for tho docontrol of properties bolonging;
to oi tbens of United Nations'1l.nd noutro.l no.tions (oxcept SPI.'.in t;';nd
'
Portugc.l). This progrc.m,v(\15 Intor oxtonded to formor anomy nc.tions with
whompoc.eo trontios ho.vo been signed.
'
Lnnd Ciyilio.n Agency Hand - Tho Sonior Gol"ll'l.L\n Proporty Control
Officort.t LC.'lld Love!. "
�Control Council DiroctivcN6. 50 and.Militc.ryGovornmont ,Lew l'lo. 58
hc.va Elstc.blishod the proceduros whereby property of 1hzi orgnnizntions c.ro
boin b ;trnnsforrod to Lund govornments, Or to' c.ertc.in domoorat.ie orgunizc.
tions. The properties of individual Nnzis 'are being relonsed from control
in c.ccordc.nco with existing denc.zificc.tion procedures. Properties of tho
Reich:were disposod of in nocordnnco with provisions of.Militr.ry Govorn
ment Law No. 19. IlDuross u proporties will be hold pending finnlc.djudi
oc.tion of .tho co.so o.s providod for in Militr-.ry Government Law No. 59.
Properties tc.kon under control e.s "duress" properties for which no claim
h!\s' boon filed will be releC'.sed from oontrol pursuc.rit to Militnry Govern
ment directives to be issued in the futuroil Pructicc.lly 0.11 propertios
with tho exception of "duress" ~~~proportics wo're relec.sedf,rom
.control during the first six months of 1949~
On 1 July 1949 Hilitc.ry Government Property' Control Offices woro
complotely liquido.tod. Rtrsiduc.lProporty Control dutios weN in'1c.rgo
pnrt tre.nsfcrred to n Cent'r.:l Gorman Property Control Coordinnting' Com
mitteo composed of· the ,4 LCARs. Thoso Prop~rty Control functions which
could not be trc.nsforrod to tho Ccntrr.l Gei-m.un Proporty Control Coordi
, nci.ting COImllittee wore mnde tho responsibility of tho Militc~ry Govornor's
Economics Advisor.
-2
�INTRODUCTION
'J
In
1942, thoro "11:'.8 ostc,blished in Engl£md c.n orgc.nizc.tion knoVln <,.s the
United Stutos Group Control Councii~ It was compo sod of vnriou$ Divisions
corrqsponding to the Divisions of Mi,lito. ry Gov0rnmont c.nd the purpose was
to plcin the functions of the ocoupc:.tion of Germany., Hithin tho USGCC wus
n Division oc.llod "Ropnrctions, Delivories and Restitutions (RD&R)"', vfhich
includod the functions which Property Control C'.ssumos todny. After the
ct:'.pitulc.tion of Gormnny, RD&R Division wussplit into tho Restitution
Bro.nch, tho Repuro.tionBrnnch, nnd Property Control, which 'II~ns first, formod
ns £", special Branch of tho Economics Division, 'but which'VI£'.s h.ter taken
over by the Fincnco Division •. In 1brch 1948, the Finc.noa Division was
dissolvod, nnd the Property Control Brtmch ,bocnmo c. Brc.n,ch of f'. neVI Division.
known c.s tho Property Division.
Property Control monsuros were nimed at the denu~ificc:.tion und do
militc.rization of Germr.ny. Property Control custody wes usod to removo
designo.ted parsons cmd orgc.nizntions from positions of importanco end power
nnd rander thom harmloss to the antiCipated progrnm of democr&tir.ation.
Custody vffisneoossary to protect certain' properties pending ultiTn::l.to '
disposition.
'
.
j:'ho bnsie c.uthority for tho contrpl of proPGrty in Garm(1.ny is ;on
tc.ino? in JCS 1067/6 ,(pc.re. 48 0) y'which directs tho ~ne ,Corrmc.ndQr to
"impound or block" certain spocified c::-.tegories of property. They .in-'
clude'thG propertie s of tho ,following persons and orghnitC'.tions:
, Tho Gormc.n ROich c.nd its P,oliticnl, Subdivisions" Agonci~,:s
or Instrumentc.Utiesj
,
The Na.zi Party and its Affili~ted Orgnnizc.tions" its Of-
fioin;ls,Lea.ding Mombez:-s and Supportors;"
.
,Absentee Ovvners of Non-Gorman Nation!:',lity, including United
Nntions nnd Neutral Govornments nnd Gen:n.~ns Outside of Germnny.
,
,
:Tho Zone COml'JlD.ndor vms c.lso rcquir,od to block ['.11 proportywhich VIC.S
transferred under duro'ss or wrongful ncts of confiscu~ion, disposition
or spolio.tion, b.nd works of c.rt or cultural mntcrir.l of value or ilnportnncG
rogc.rdloss Qf its ownership.,
'As tho U.'S. Army tlnteredGorm('.ny~ Militb.ry Government LuVJ'l'Jo~ 52
The provisions of this Lnvr YlOrO substc.ntic.llytho sa.mo !'.s
tho provisions of JCS 1067/6. It doclo.res subject to soizuroor possos
sion 'of titlo, direction,lD.<."'.nngcment, supervision or otherwiso, nIl
cc.tegories of proportiesanumernted in JCS 106'7/6. k>.w No. ;;2
do?s
not roquiro Military Government to tc.ko control over the property.~t
simply ostc.blishos the right of Militc.ry Government to do so. The only
lew which roquires thc.t control bo est~blished ovor c.ny such property
is Control Counoil Law No.2
whioh is similar .in 'torms to the ,pro
visions of JCB 1067/6 (pc.rC'. 6 d) which' direotstho.t nIl, property owned.
or controllod by tho Nuti purty, its forme.tions, affiliated c.s:socintions
C'.nd supervising orgc,nizutions be taken under Militc.ry Government control
"pending a decision by tho Control Councilor highor c:.uthorityns to its
ultirh.nto disposition".
vms issued.
!:I
y
Y Soo Annox II
]I. See Annox VIII
y Bbo Annox XV
-3
,
�Box
"
3
Prop~rty Control in the U. S~ Aro£'. of Control, Gormn.l'lY bocr..mo offoc
tive w~ith tho posting of Mi1itnry Governmont l.tJ.w No. 52 ns tho c.rmie s moved!
through Gormc.ny, stc.rting in Aachen on 18 Sept~mber 1944. Property Contro~
'Wt,!!, a.t th!:.t tim~, fully c,dministered by the Militc.ry.
As stc..tcd in tho
USFET Diroctive of 7 July 1945 1/ 'whioh 18,tor. sorved 0.13 bc.sis for IHlitc.ry
Govornment Rogul~,tion Titlo 17 \lIGR 17)"
2.11 prop~rties subjoct to con
trol, woro blockod end frozen ns c. necesso.ry stop ·towt.rd tho ehforcement of
tho policy of denc.Zif1cc.tion, the prinoiple s of domilitc,rbntion and de
industrinliznticn~ r>.nd tho progre,m of rolief, rosti tution nnd rope.rntions.
Y
Tho operating procedur0 nnd mochanics of Prop~rty Control were woll
sta.tod in tho Handbook fer Militr:.ry Government (Rev. 1, 20 Docombor 19'J:4).
P~rtinent sections ar€) ~
, (384.) In oxorcising Property Control functions, the rol~ of the
Mili,tc.ry Government Officor is tht.t ,of c. Hilitc.ry Govornment officio.l, not,
thc.t of c. rocoivor or trustoe in tho British or i~erior.n· 'sonso. Ho shouldl
qo .mf'.t is rec.sona.b10 ,in tho eircur.1sto.nces. No persond lir.bility wiJ,l
i
t:'.ttt.;ch to, o.ny Militnry Governmont Officor for nots ,vhieh \ro performe,d,
€
pormittod or omittod, in good faith, rolctivo to tho control or ~dninistrc.tion of property.
1
I'
(385.) Military Government Officers nro not nuthorlzod to submit t,·
the :jurisdiction of tho local courts .in p;rocoodings in which Mili tf'.ry
,Gov,:rnmont or IaUtc.ry Governmont Offioors ['.roj in effect, 'dofondr.nts.
Further instructions 'will bo issuedin·rogc.rd to this mc.tter..
I
1
1
,i
: (386.) ]J.Iilitnry Govurnmont Offieors will c,rr£mgo for thEi, receipt
reports and returns roquirod .from loenl off~cic.ls" orgnnizr..tions ['.nd pOl'
rolnting to property under control.
.
'
".,s
I
Militc.ry Goyernment Officers will f'.t ['.11 timos ge.thor f.nd f,)~vmrd to tho .Doputy Chief Prop~rty Control Officer c.ll 10c8.1 infonn~~tion
rclcvc,nt to tho c1c.ssos of property sU:bject to Property Control. Of
. I
pc.rt1eulnr intorbst vdl1 be roports of c1qaking c.ctivities used to disgui~e
property ncquirod through dUrGSS or vv1'ongful ncts cf dispossossion or
spolit.tion, or to, conco(.'.l holdinFs of the Nnzi Pc.rty cnd promincmt mombor!,
c.nd supporters thero of.
'
: (367.)
1/"
'il
(388.) In tho ovent it is necesst:'.ry to uso fo1'co to tnko possossion
of nny property or to excludo any person from it. e.nd sufficiont i>.ss istr.:'l,
.f.roln Mili'tnry Govornment Public Snfety Officors ec.nnot be obto.inod, c. ro"
quest should be mc.do for tho nocosso.ry rdd to tho c.pproprinto tHlitc.ry
Commnnder.
.
'.:1
(389.) In tho t:'.dministrt'.tion nnd operation of proporty taken under
'control, Militnry Government Officers sho\lld not, excoptnftor consulta
tion with the o.ppropri2.to Property Control Offioo1', loc.se or replUr ,such
pr~perty, nor employ € \ gents
nnd fix c.nd pay compensc.ti0n for D.ny of th8
foro going.
(390. j Militc.ry Govornment does not ordinarily tt:\ke title to prop
Elrty tc,kon into control. 80.108 may be L'lf'.de on bohr.lf of the Ollmer only
if specially ordored or in cr. so s of porishc.blos.
, (391.) Military Govornment Officerswill not onter into C\ contrnct
for n torm in excess of 30 dr.ys, without npprovo.l from the Chicf Propert:.:
Control O f f i o o r . .
!
(392.) Property should be ontered on tho PrGpe1'ty Rocord (MG/PC/2)!
soon ns tr.kon into oontrol., ,Tho Rocord of ~roperty Trnnso.ctions
(MG/PC/3) Will bo mnintninedby Militnry Govornmont Officors or MilitC'.ry
Government Dei;llolunonts nnd 'will' reoitel:'.ll fc.ots and tre.nse.ctions' thc.t I
'I
.1:'.$
I
yj
!I
'
Sao Annox III
Sqo Annex' VI
�,j
)
nffect the prop~rty, its condition c.nd history. Until proporty is entor~d
on tho, Prop~rty Record by tho Milit8.rY Govornment Officor o.nd tho Notico
of Custody (MG/PC/I) is filed, it is net oompletely tnkon into oontroL
Itmo.y' therofore bo roler-sod to its ovmer or his reprosontr.tivos 'without
formnlity evan though prctoctivo notices hnve bean pasted, on it or hnvG
boen d~livored to its occ,upnwtso (So~ F &: PC Tochnicnl MnnunL)
(393,.), ':ihon a. going conoorn is tc.kon ovar, Military Gcvernnent Of,~
ficers, should consult vfith o.ny Militnry Governmont functiono.l specir.list
officars intaro,sted in tho functioning of such concern, Yihon f:\ going con
cern i's to.ken cvar, Militr.ry Govorrunont Officers will give to th9 person
or persons in oha.rge Property Control ~ottor of Instruction No~ 1
(MG/PC,O/IBE/I). (Sao F &: PC Tochnicnl Mc.nunl.)
,
(394.) Oporc.ting ngonts and custodinns shall bo instructed to keep
propor [md o.ppropric\te a.ccounts so thr.t reports c.nd a.ccounts mny be renderod
to owners or to' highor'o.uthorities. l:Jhore I'.'iilito.ry Govorrunent tc.kos control
vf nny business or undertaking which nlrondy hna n sr.tisfo.ctory o.ccounting
system in opo rc,tion, tho ~xisting c..cceunting sy stom ~ill be continuod. If
tho Militnry Govorrunent Officor finds o.n ino.doquo.te o.ccounting system in o.n
underto.king under centrol, n report thereof will bo I!lC\do to the Q.ppropri
c.to Property Contrd Officor.
.
(,395.) }iunds received or produced by tho opere.tion of the prop~rty
mo.y be retained in suchnccounts or dopositories 0.:'; £'.re mainto.ined on its
. boh~lf, subject tv directions of the uppropriute Property Control Officer.
Lc.rgeuccumulations of funds by such undertakings will be reported to the.
,o.ppropric.teProperty Control Officer.
,
(396. )Custodinns nppointed tc op€lro.te c.ny property shull hr.V0 ,no
power, without the consent of high<:lr c.uthority, to c.lter the'nl".ture of u
busine ss, or to sell, liquidnte, incumbor~ or obligate tho property or 2.ny
pC'.rt of it beyond the ordinary course of business.
'
'
(397.), Fees paid to custodic.ns, c.nd' allowances IJ1['.de to owners or
their ,dependants, out of such properties may be continuod, but muy not be
reducod or increased without prior approvnl fre.m tho Chief Property Contre::'
Officer. i:Yhen p~,id tJ:ley shall stand o.s D: churge ugo.inst tho property und
its ownor.
(3980) Under no circumstc.ncos will ,parsons whQ hrw€l been removed frDD
c.ny office or position bocr,use cif tho Suprome Comme.ndor's policy of removal
of active N~zis c.nd' c.rdont No.zi sympr.thi,zors be omployed'
used in c,ny'
othor way in connection with the Property Control Progrc.m of Militf'.ry ,
Government.
.
j)r
"
Th9 report which follows is 0. brief history "of the Property Control.'
Progrma of the U. S. Military Government c.S c.dmfnistoredin tho U., S. il.ron
of Control, Gormtmy. It indicc:t;os tho policies, procpdures c.ndprc.ctices
folloVl€ld, £'.nd tho specic.l· stops taken tc protoct the propertie sunder
contrbl nnd return them to their rightfulownors, or ultimnte rocipi<mts o
In tho annexes arc citod tho bnsic ~.uthorities c.nd portinent legislc.tion
which: formed the b!lsis of the Prope:rty Control Prugrcmr
, -5·..
�.,I.
.!
FtJ.L'fCTIONINGOF<PROPERTY CONTROL
.
. d
.
.
.
"
"
all historio occupations prior tohorld "jar ,~I, . Property Control
.
was g~nerally limited to enemy ~tarmat8r111.1iscon1'iscat.d. IuboQti,'arid cer"l ' .
tainother limited ruponsibili",ies, 'with 'l"espectto pU1"01y public propertie •
There; was, therefore, little or no prec~d~nt for eX,eroisingoontrols over.
..
all .kind., Of propartyin Gormany.
.
In
j
"
','
,
'
~Prop.rty Control", as 'we' know it tad.y,M3 a $pecial meaning 11'1
.Mil1tary (ioven:une1'1t •. It denotes'the esta'blilhma.ntand 'maintenance of 'con
trol, I pending ultimate di8posit~on over speCified ee.t.~oriesof :prop&rty
per\lans and organisations desoribed anQ. de tine d, in Military Government te.w
l~o. 52:Y and the Grg&ni'zat~onsset .fo.r'th in the ApPendix't;o. ControlCounoi
LaW' ~p~2.
The control exeroised in a. give1'1 eas'a v"riGS; it ine~ud'6s ~s ,
pOlJi8ls1on, custody. ocoupa1'19Y, protection; maintl,u.'laneo, eOI\s8rVa.'i;ion, and
auper;visian.
.,
.,
.
of
Y
}he
major categorhs of properties are:
Proper~i'es ,ot U1'1~ted Nations,. neutral, andoth~r,absent~. lJW!lerl. c.
. Properties! of· the former German' ReilSh, .GermaX'!-states, e'tQ ••
'Proporti~s o(,.:NSDAPmGmbe'rs (l'Iazi Party m.mbor'.)~" ".' .
'Pr()pertie I of ionner :Nazl Party organil:ationl,
.:' .
;Propertlos ot·I. G. Farben,
' .
.
'Properties, elaililedby personBwho lost ~~e ~roperty~n(ler ,duress •
,I,
.i.'·
..
.
.
"
1
!
/
.
;The miasion of Property Co.n1:rol was to looe,te p~opertie. of .e·ertain ..
. 'cai;ogo'ries ''indica~I!Jd in Military Government Law No. 52; ,take them into~uS~11
t~dy,! preserVe them. operate them inmost instances,' and .hpDseof ,them in
aocordanoe. with exhtittgMilitary ·Government regulatio'ns, 'laws; direetfyes,i
eto.,;
'."
.
',,'
.-, -.
.',
:WCATING PM}PERTIES 1.'0, BE TAKEN INTO'CU nODY ,
.,
~,
.,
"
'"
'1
::
.
..
An examination of prop,artie s falling into the o-';'tego't1es: "pec,ified, in
Military Government Law No~ 52 rev:eals that they .ha..,~ <ml¥ .oaM" 'Vftiftr; .i1Il , .
c~n - they' are all located in Germany. .
.
,
.
,
{
Based upon . inform.ation obtained, by exploitation of: numerous records~
lists, etc.~'and alao based upon: decisions made' by Prop$l'ty,Control Office' s.
in thef.ield~properties were taken' into.cu~tQdy.. . . 1 ,
Use bf
U~$.
Treuury
DepartmQntRaeord'IJ,~;~t'ing ,propert.:1e.,!
!
'Di~isiQn,'
;The Foreign FUnds Control
U. ,S.•. Treasury Departine1'1t. ma.d@ ,:/
" avaHable ·to Property Control su~ries ofTFR.-500 reports ,0fU~ ,S,~ owned i
or e~ntrolled property within Germ.a,.ny. T~e.se.lists proved most,helpful as
"che~k lists" inc;onneetion with the Property'Control Program~
','
.
,"
'
"
'
ListisFo~r.d~~~l. 'Ame1'ican',Con. sula'tE!' Gen.6,r.a.1
'The Amerfcan Consulate General sent. :l1sts of',hundreds '01', persons 'WhO'/
o'lJvne;dQr 'olaim~cl prope'r't;ies and whose "requests i'I;)1' invQstige:iions ot.';
properties ,:in Cktrma1'1ya :w~ra ·forwardeli to the., Property C~ntrollorsin the.
fiel'd for investigat~ori,reporting and taking into oustody if war,ranted.
,
'
' ..
D~l"e'ct inquiries from O'Wllers
fnqui1"1Os we;erciceivad, at Property Co~trQl Qffi~Q. at the r~~e of'
. be~l~een 50q and 1,000 per m01'1th from owners.,of ~rman propiu:,ty from ,all.. i
'parts. of thewo.r1d. ' req~esting inf~rma. tion ..o?ncern~1'1.g. th.a' status ofthelr . 1
.
propei"ties,and request1ng protect~onof the1r 'penonal and real property
located in theU., S~ Area of Control, Germany, ,Suehlettol;'8w6re aoknowl"j
edged, field inVo.stigationsmado~ Prop~rty Control aotion taken :yvhera war";'
'ranted. and report! were rendered'to the owne:rs..~
'1'
!I
ISee Annex VIII.
]{ ;See Annex
xv.
I
./
"
�:
cr.
REPR~OU~EO~TT~~~Tlo~LAR~~E:1R G
.'2 q
t=OI'Z.~lA.'MssetrLfI.'fl.Jf
• \
Entry '. GOlk<t.{I'~(""'· ClM(1()~
PI2bh
File ? K.O~. CO\.l11'l*\ ~TUI'1.-'( .cl ( ,'~:
Box
3
(O~n o~
!
Consol"ship
IA~c..r.eo'J!lts
.
Data. obtained fl"om Censorship 'Intercepts also. proved most helpful in
locating Ilnd i~ontifyingproperties, subject to oontrol..
.
Usa of: ~nnan Officia.ls
Propol"ty Coritrol Of1'icers in the field woro dil"ooted .to instruct Gorman
Distribt o1'ficials to drc.Vl up lists of persons who, canio undol"Military Gover _
ment La~ No. 52. Thoso lists woro then chocked and Proporty Control action
ta.ken ~V'hero' appropriate. Tho' servico sof suitablE:lo.nd politically acoopt
ablo Gor.aia.n officials or, ci~ilians waro also obtainod to furniSh tochnical
'o.idin performing tho t'roporty Cont'roltunction. ' Tho.so,(]ermnns'were close
ly superviSOd by tho }'Hlitary Government Ofticorsor, tho' Propflt'ty, Control
Officers and their :work included loce.ting all Grundbuchor (Land Register);
oondolsragistor (ColImGrco Registor); Einkol'Ill'llans~euQre.kt~n (Incomo Tax
filos).; o.nd other property ,records 'in tho Kroi:s. Itwt.s tho duty of thoso
German officials to soo.r:c'h out ('.nd traoQ, title ,in rocords above listed, a.nd
to aid. in making oomprohonsiVe sea.rches a.,.d l5urv..eys on. all propo~tiQ s Q.f
intorosttq Property Control.
Miero-tilm rocord. ,of the Roiehskommiss~r' ~,Oftico 'also provod oxt:remGly
vo.luabla in looating properties ofUnitod Nations" nationals.
.
Gorman ,Control of ...EnEimy,~ropei'ty - Thena'ioh:skOmm.iuar's Otfioo
,
,
,y
'
. During tho 'war years, 1939 to 1945, .tho:German GovernlnGnt oontrolled
. '
tho property of 'Qrtomy aliens through tho ~ich Commissionol" for tho Hc.ndling
ot Bno!ny~roperty (RoichskoInm.issar fuer die Beha.ndlung Feindliehan vermoogenls).
In the definition of onemy alien property the wordUenomyfl vmll construed to I
.
'moc.n onemy stlltes, ..no.tiona.l,:; theroot (oi:ther natul':alpersons.or le,go.l ontit~esr
heving eithor their dQmioile. or main branch in· the territory of o.ny anemy . il
'.stato .or incorporated undo 1" tho laws ofo.~ enemy sta.tp, persons ,huving thOirij' ,
habituc.lresi!ience ine.n <inemy state, and a.ll porsonsotherth,a.n those .
provious ly ,mention~~ in, ,ro spoQtto an:r onterpr,isEl whi.ch they muy haY,O oon- •
ducted from, an onemy state.
'
. .
Polish and.CzoCho~loVak;i.o.n prope'rtios 'Y.lQre 'ple.cH~'d in5pocialcatogorie i,
and tho property 'WD.S ordina.rily administored by 'the Gorman Prop0rty Control '
Officer of tho German ~:Ii1itp.ry Governmont Detaclimont for tho local area.
This -Control Officor \'IUS not only rospondble to' tho Go~~n 4rmy CO!llln/;\nd,
but ha we..s £\1&0 subja,ct to' some supervision by the protoct()rato officer, bo h
in Po Ie.nd o.no., in. Czochos loVakia.
' , .
,
. .
'
"
,
The. Relchsk:ommissar t s Office attomptGd, ,to operato within the framework
of thfil Gorman law, and tIlere appeared to' be e.' strict interprotation 'of the
Germiin ;'lien Property Law. The Reichskomm.issar apparently took:th? pO'si",io
that ha was 0. ,trustee tor the property of theenem.y alien - that he must
administer, it for the bonefit .0'1' 'th~ Owner' - the.t at ,the termina.tion attha
wnr# or somotime thereafter~ he wO'uld relinquish oontrO'l.e.nd the property
vlOuld' be . returned to the owner "Nith a' prO'peraccounting. .
.,
. A custodian (Verwalt~r) of. anindividua.l property ,or busino~lI,could
be a.ppointed by tho Roiohskommissar, of which thQro WaIS one at eaoh
Obarlandosgericht.There was no regular pool or regiStor of o.w.ilable
custodians; h<?wevor, the typE':! of man ul!n.-\ally chosen :vms a German diroctor
0'1" ma.ne.gor of tho firm, alOowyor, or other rQsponsiblo individuOol.
The,
custQdian,
appo.intQd, made a ~eportto tho Roiehskommisse.r once evary
six months. On tIle e;ppointment, of e. custodian by tho Roichskommissar, his
nOome ~.s entored in the BUndolsregistor.· No entry, howover_ wns. usually
mndein tho Grundbuch'with respoct to properties pl~cod undor eo eustodian~.
as his appoint~nt WOos o~ly consider;od tompoTnrY.
.
once
!I
German Alien Proporty Custodian Office.
-7
�~'~"
,Tho
Curi~-Absontis
",
taw
, This iii e>.noid l~w whiohprovidos fo", thoappointmoht by tho
Amt~garicht5rD.tof c. Pfingor (cu~todinll)of n property or conoorn of vJhioh
tho ovmor is,::-.bsont.' ,Tho GO~h nnmetor, this prl?ooduro: h "Abwesanheits
pflegorschn£t". On:eo appointod,thoPflugor, liko the VQ~ltor in the
ensa of ooamy property, wns, p{)rinitto'd to oc.rry on 0.,11 nonnc.l trc.nsactions
. in connoction with, tho'property. Poriod-loul Nporta (usuallyovoryBi:c, ' '
months) wore mndo to tho Amtsgorioht. 1.ihoro't'. fil"ll'l.or: c.o~pc.ny WIlli involvod.,
the nc.mo of the Pflngor was enterod in :tho, ~t:ldolsrogistcir.
'
Powers; of
CU8todi~to
·Churgo Proport;,:
Noithor th0 Vorwo.lter::nor tho Pfl!:'.gor wore pormittod to'mo'rtgago If.'.ndod
proporty on thoir own initi'c.tiyo, but ,vith ,tho o.pprovr.l. of the' Reichskorru:nissi1'.r
(in tho cuse, of the Verwo.li;er), hocouTd exocuta n mortgage: ilr,tho O!:"so
'I
of Ci Pflagor, tho consont of tho, Amtsgerieht vms nocos~o.ry (e.g., to secure'
nmortgnge from n bunk roquirod to finnneo ouentinl repe.irs)e.ndsuch
mortgn~es 'Woro ,then rogistored c.go.inst thQP"roporty il.1 the Grundbuch.,
T:ho Roich Minist~y of Economics (Reichswirtseho.ft,s~inhtor'ium),' 'on the
other hand, roprosenting tho Nazi Pc.rtyintQrests, took the c.ttituda·thc.t
onomyclien prop~rty WIlS forfeited to thastc.te, and,thrcugh the ~goneios"
of the 3D' (Sichorhoitsdienst ... Security' Servioe) nnd tho Gestapo, much prop
erty Wc.sseized c.nd conflsce:.ted which shouldhc.vQ; under German: law, ,~een
ndminll!torod bythQRoichskommissc.r. 'Invostigc.tions disclosod thf'.t the
ROiehsli:ommissur's Office mcdoan nttemptto npPoin't: trained, competent, and
hOMst ndmin1strr.tors, for ['lien property. HOwever, the Se,curity PoHoa
worochr,rged viith screoning tho prospective o.,dministratots for..thoir
"politioa.l ro!inbility", r.nd no c,ppointmontcould b~ lllC'.dG 'ldthout o.pproV'rJ.I
from thnt office.
' '
, '
Tho propc'rty of on{)my u~i9ns Wns uncovered by returns from loonl tc.x~
gathoring,o.gonoios. It mudono difforoneo whether or not tho Rlllichs- "
konnnissC'.r took ,formal, 9ustody' of, tho propa'rty; the property vms, listed in
tho Roiehskonim.i~sur' S Offico :filos r.nd it wC'.! subj'oct: to eu~tody e.tchy ,
tiJ!te. Rocords v.s to 'properties tc.ken intoeustodyo.nd v.s to tho;se in
vlhich "enemy" interost wns, insu,fficiont to: justify appoiirtmerit' of .0. cus
,todinn vroro contro.lbod into tv~o main divisions' of the Reiehskommis sar! s
Office.
Roal property, 'pntents, und shipping wore in ono division, while
tho rocords as to all othor prope rtic 5, such us. industrie.l and rino.nci~l
enterPrise, wore in, another division. No ("ttempt was mildo in oithQr
division toexa,cuta direction over: tho operation of any properties pther
than to formulc,t<3.policy,noinino.te' custodinns, t'.nd, diroct tho romoval
>of custodi.r.ns unsC'.thfo.etory for' i:.ny roo.aon.
By 1 Jl!Ia.rohl94,S', tho ~iehskonlmissnr '8 Offica, had tr,kon under; :idminis
t,rntion property
excoss ofRM 3,500~OOO,000.
,
1
•
•
in
V. S.
ProportyAdministo,rod by 'tho Gorman ROiehs.konim~s:to.r i Ii Office
,
"
, OIsof' l,1:Ao.rch 1845 "
Industry o.nd C~mmorco
,Bunking and Insuranoe
MisCollE'.hoous '
'Rof\l
II
92. :P9, 353
.. ,' 31; 803,500,
H
62,6"0,],52
~stnto
~
Tot£1.l
11
,RM 158,277,100
GEJrmnn Alion' Property Custodian.
-8- "
944,8JE$,105
y
�";,"f""
. U. S. Pro
.n
Not Adminhtorod. by
as 0
Industr,y'and Co~rco
·Bnnking and Insurunco
Miscollnnaous
Roc.l Estnta
Totnl
OffiClO .,
RM 126,098,406
II
130l'852
121,965,240
..
12,333,528
. II
l(M 266.. 528,026
OrcHnc.rily movnbl~s ~ronot to.ko~ !rito cust~dyunlQss they wero of 0xcoli~
tione.l vuluG or werQ nuociutod with othor property undor oustody•. In t~o
onse of ronl os"tiate, tho.miniriNm Vf.'.luo Wo.s first set C'.t. RU 10,,000' bofore II
would
to.kon,
tho pressure of .vork in tho
komml.Ssnr'.1S OffJ.co tho minJ.mumvnluo.tJ.on was later set nt Rr.:r 60,000. In II
gonerul, business ontorprisosin whioh~lio enemy .interost Vtas lOl'isthnn
percent would not be. tc.kon into cu~tody •. Howover, in mtlny ct.sos whoro to
businoss 'was lc.rge or important tho 50 peroont int~rest .rulo vro.S diSrognrdod.
..
..
.
....
. ..
ou~t~dy
b.~
bu~ bOQ.o.uso.o~
ReiCh~
?o
I
.
"
",
.
Uso of RGiohskommi:8sc.r IS Rocords· bl U, S~ Proporty .Control iwthoritic s
From tho ubovo, it c~,n bo sQon hovr impor~(l.nt it wus to scrutini.zo
cc.rofully tho rooords of tho Roiohsl(ommislur'a Offico.' From tho so rocor·
lists of propertios ware pr~pt.rod for distribution to ·PJ'0po.rty Control
Offieors to assist thliJ~ in tho looution· of C'.otunl proportios. First
pr:iorlty V'i.!US givon to tho proparo.ti~n of lists of proportios· in whioh
. United Nations' .intorost Qxcoodod 50 poreont •. This Tmsfollowod by tho
c.ssombly of (1.11 minority intorostsin German proporty. a morodiffi.,ult
trisk vms thr:t of trt.oing proporties whieh .M.d boon trcmsforrod undor
quo·stionc.blo circumstancos.
.
3,
During tho early poriod of Proporty Control opornt,ions,. iottors of
inquiry from nc.tiono.ls of United Netionsand noutrt.l nntions eontinuod 'tlo
pour ,in. On the basis of thO.so lottors (l.nd othor infonnt'.tion, proportids
in this cntogory wore. to.kon into custody.'
.
TAKING PROPERTIES INTO CUSTODY. - GEll1iRAL PLA.N
...•
. . . .
.
•
•
'.
' .
I
,
Prop~rty
ControlOfficors wore ussignod to porform ca;rtnin 8UpQrvi' ory.
advisory and locnlfunctions in connection vdthProporty Control. In tho
initinl period" Prop~rty Control Officors ,.oro CdS signed t9 o.roas (tho l~vol
of c.rou·dopollding tipon the number of P.C .Os c.vuiinbl~) ,rho actod rd! ·t\dv~sors
and consultants to Militcry Govornment' Officors. ~;horo sufficiont p.c.iDs
1froN o:vc.i1abli3 in this eurly pori,od, they wero qlsoimmadic.tely c,ssignod to
Sto.dtkroiso. to perform loonlProPQrty Controlfunotions. Whore posaibl~,
p.C .Os Viora ussigned to take ovor 0.11 100,,1 Proporty COhtrol functions "
o'xarcisedbyMilitary Govornm(;}nt Offioorsin t·ho initinl' poriod. All ..
supervisory fUnctions byP.C.Os woroin aoeordanc~ with dira9ti~n~ from'
higher lluthoritY'. IAlring tho initial period 1:'.11 'Z'Qcords., roports, ete.l~
woro forwardQd bY' Property Control OfficQrsthrQUg~ tQohn:lonl cha.nnels
to tho Deputy Chiof., Property Control Officer, who maintuinod contrl'.liz!ild
file.s of property nndo~s(jntinl aocounting, rocords."
'.
..
"/'
I
th9
.
~oportio8 wore tako~ into·custody . whon neco·ssc.ry to· safeguard
property.' In ·other oases, whero properties ,,~ro not tt:'.koli in1:;o CU.stod~r' .
it Vias madeclenr to any interested porsqns thc.t properties subjoct to
IvIilitc.ry Government Law No. 52, whl1lthor or not to.koninto custodY', wera .
blocked by virtue of Milito.ry Govornment Lo.vr No.• 52'~. Artiol.o I. .PropeJtios
were o.lso taken into oustody to' ('.3&uro thecoUtinuQd' oporc.t1on of tho
. propel"ty. This wus of ·pnrtioult.rimp6rtancoiwhtiro .oertnin proportios were
. employed in tho production of articlos useful to tho Armed Foreos of rho
United Nntions, or o.ssontiul for oivilinn oonsumption. Cont~nuod opor6.tion
wr:.s, in many Of.ROS, ulso dosirab10 toprovont lnoronsod unomployment •
!
i
..9..
�"
,~
\\
lffuenevor 'itvv!:'.s nacassCL~y, to ostc.blishcontroLover property, P1oporty
Control :tetter of Instruction No. 1 -v;.rc.s issuedcmd.postedo, This loter read
.
I
in pr.crt C.s followsr
,
arid 0.11 officinls C\rid omploy0o s, of said business entorprise
~'I'
, 1. ',' This 'businos,s ontQrp~is~, is 'ono of those ti:.ken in1io control by
MiiitnT¥ ~ovornmont_ pursunnt ~o tho Blocking and. Control of Prop~rty
(Nco 52), which he.s been publishodc.nd is D,[,';cin celled to ,your ntton~ion.
You nro, of course', obliged to obey:o.11 other, laws and ,orders or instll'Uc
tions having thooffoct of bw,both of 1I.iilitary· Government end Gormd~y,
Ilk...,
apPliCo.blO.tO
~hO
C?ndu:t of,this bUSinoss.".
, , ' ,.11
"
2.
'Unle ss othe TWJ.se dJ.:t'eotod or prohJ.b:;tcd,trc.ns(\ctJ.ons ordJ.np.nly
inoidental to th~ nonn.nl conduct, of bus ine,ss nct.ivity in GE:Jrmnny' may Ibo
o,ngc.god in by "this' .enterprise. Tho respoqsibility fO,r the oonduct ari,a
oporo.tion of suchbusinoss entorpriso r~sts entirely in it t'.ndl:'.ll
£,icio.ls c.ndomployeo s connooted, wit!'). it." No responsibility for oport'.
tions us a' g;oingconcorn' nttnehos to Militnry Government bY'rot'.sono:f1
tho 'inclusion of thi~ business ontorprise c.s ono of thoso tal(on into Icon
trol by Militnry Govornment. U
<
;Olf'
l
Invontorios 'of movnble items.,."ere tnken, followed lai::et, by 0. morl!'
complete inventory and investigc,tion, ' in ordo.r to' facilitate sl:lbsequont,
, reporting pc rt~.ining to the property ~
"
...
Appointment of ,Custodio.ns"
""'fhen custody ,,~s tnken, i'. :'cu's:l;odinn {un approvod Gerinun) vms c.ppointed
, c,nd made responsible for:: opern..t;ing and preserving the v.ssets of thei p~oporty.
,Numerous difficultiG S woro' oxpericinged in the o,o.rlyde.ys of Property ~ontrol
in getting suitnblooustodinns for operc.ting businesses. Custodit'.ns "'Irere,
for tho most pnrt, (',ppointod from c. 'list seleoted by the Burgomeisterlnnd.
, only nppointedr.rterbeing oertifiod by C.I.C•. Owners ofproper-ties ~ro, .
i~ mc.ny instrcnoos, nskodto recommend custodians. lThere S)lch reconme~de.tions
'were :rnr.dc, they were immedintely checked and approved 'if clenr.of Nt.zi .
o.ffilintions. In the btter' pert of 1946, when responsibility for cu~tody
and D.dministr!:'.tion of. propo!ties W{!.s trc~nsferred to Ge"rmr,n authoriti~~, tho
,responsibility, in'tho, fir:::;t'instc.nco, for. thenppointment ot: custodians
'
'wns c.lso trc.nsferred to 52.id authorities. '
\
I
Appointment, of ,ZannI' Custodinns,
"1iihdnover it o.ppeo.red thr.t" tho.", "
cent'rt:.1ized ndministration of nn op'orat
,
,
'
,
II
ing property ho.ving severc,l bro.nches throughout the U. S. AreE'. of Control
would rosult in 'grontor over-all officiency, it Wlis made the responsi~ility
:ef the" Lnnd. ~roperty Control Chiof (in the cC'.so of. the United Nations 11t'.nd
'n€!utrnl propertio s) in whose Lc:nd,the main offico or mos't importr.nt unit
wo.s'locr.ted,. totnko the nocessnrystepsin consultation withothorLdlnd
,Property Control "Chiefs, ,to nPPoint r. zone.l', custodian 'for ,the entire
,~;entGrpriso •• Thozons.l custodian hc.dtho se.me C'.uthority withrospect to
"the enterpriso e.s' uny" other' cus1::odiun nppointed p:ursuEmt to Milite.ry'
G~vernmOnt L:;,w No •. 52. He was cQnsidorod'the "ganai'Cl.1Ill£'.l;1ager tJ •
He"
'could not,: however,' remove or hiresub;"custodinns'without,the concur- !
;ronce o,f the t\pprop1;"i~.te L!".nd Prop~rty Control Chief 0, Zon~ioustodie;tis'
wero, furnished oopie s of" Milit!".ry Government regulE>. tiOtiS, Titl~ 17;
Prop~rty ~ontrol. AOC..o uutin g e,~d A~di.ting proce~u~e.s, .pertinen~ proper~[
Control cJ.rculf:'.rsj ,etc., r:md J.nstructod to udml.nJ.ster the property D.C
'ciordinglyo . Necessary explunc,tiot'lS c.nd instructiol:i:s to zond custodinJs
.were given by ro sponsiblo Lnnd Militr.ry Governmont Property Control o~~
ficiD-ls. The zone,l custodian renderod consolidc.tod reports for tho e~lt;ire
entorprise.' A similar procedure" to e. very limited degree, W't\{l used :i! '0.
cnse of Gormnn properties,undor control. 'In" ~ch instuncos, howover. I
roconunondations ,of the Germnn Lund ,Civilian Agenoy ~C'.da t"~lso requirod
upprovc.l of Militl:'.ryGovortlDlflnt Docc.rtelizE'.tionuuthoritios.·
II'
I
-10
�.~ "
'
"ApPointment ,of Intor-Zone.! Custodio.ns
,\
The desirability of,hD.ving inter-&~l custodians appointod for
United Nations c.nd neutrc.lprop,orties h£l.vingbranohes in more than ona Zono
soonbocnmoapparent. ,After consultation with British cuthoritios, D.pro
codura wc-s ostc.bli,shed wheroby such custodiC'.ns could bec.ppointad, w'fth
respoot to proport~e s lying in tho combined USjuK ~one6. It, 'Wt'.S agreed'
"
\
that thoro would, be 0. zonal custodinn in ec.ch of 'the two Zone s C'.nd thc.t
tho ~onal c~stodi('.n in the ?:ono hc.ving tho l'lUiin offico would £I.ot ns inter
zonc.l oustodian. In tho o.bsonco of tho mnin officeboing locntod in
oithor Zona, tho zonal custodinn of tho Zone hC'.ving tho most important
unit of thl2i entorpriso beec.mo tho inter-zono.l custodic.n. Custodi('.ns worci
o.ppo;ntod by 10c('.1 Propor:ty Control Officors for tho bro.nchos or sub-"
sidinries of tho paro'nt firm. Whore branchos existod in mora than one
Land in tha Zona end the noed for a zonnl custodian was nppnront, such
custodio.ns wero appointed. Individunl reports ,of custodinns wore not
roquirod where n zon:::.1 custodiD.nexisted. Zonnl custodians' consolidatod
tho reports in\thoir Zono and then forwnrdad so.id zono.l report through
tho officos of tho appropric.te Hilitnry Govarnmont to tho int~r-zonal
cus'todian for further consolidation. \i]'ith respect to mo.nngorI\ont policies,
zona,l custodians wore pormittod tocoInmunicr.to with oe;ch othor. Howevor,
no mc.j or notion ooul\i bo takonbY,zone.l custodic.d's on instructions from
tho ,intor..zonal custodian without first obtaining tho approvul of the,
appropriato Military Governmont Proparty Con'trol authoritios. ' Tho
./
intor';'zonal custodinri' had to be npprovoc\ by both tho U.S.\ nnd U•. K.
Sonior Property Contr.ol' authorities. By this procedure (I. more uniform
c.ndofficient Ilk'\no.gomont WOos obtained.
An nttompi:; wo.s mado to nrrnngo D. simllnr procedur~ wi'th French c.nd
Russian uuthorities forthoir rospootivo Zonep. Howevor. no progress wns
mndo with liussio.n,,'authoritios, and vary limited progress mo.de with Fronch
c.uthoritics. In e. few instancos, spocinl o.rrD.'ngoments wore rondo with
,French Property Control officials ~
"
Uso, of Gormnn Property Control Offic:inls o.s Custodians
As a rulo, German Proparty Control 'off10io.1s wore not perlllitted. to nct
as custodio.ns. ,This rulo, ~6wevor, was lnter modified in spacial OC.sos II
it\~O~C necossity for modificnti<;>n '''IUS proven0-nd appr~v['.1 of tho e.ppropri2.~e
Ihhtc.ry Government Le.nd Prop~rty Control Chiof obta1nod. The only excop~
tions rondo wore in cases whore numerous smn1l proportios wore undor contr0l
in 'n pnrticuler Krois, tho proportie,s did not roquiro the servicos of a
full timo custodiun, nnd were not lc.rgo enough to, pny for such sorvicos.
In ,suah inl5ta.ncos" the CAR (Civilio.n Agoncy mad) was 'c.ppointod ,custodic:n
foro.' group of, ~nll pr.opertios and pnid !1 minimum foo.
Romovnl Qf Custodio.ns
1'I.S indic["tod in tho forogoing p::>,ges, custodinns hnd to bo impc,rtio.l,
politicc,lly Clcooptnblo* officient, hone st o.nd cooporativo. Once appointo1d,
it 'Vms tho policy of Militc.ry Govornment not to romovo them providing th9Y
had tho abov~ mentioned qua.lificc:tions. It follows, thnt whenover it ,,-raJ
di sCOVOr.Od, the t ,eustodinns, did not mansura up to tho sto.ndards' indic~.tod II
o.b~vo, thoy could bo romoved for oo.use: in the ol\floof United Nntions
'
and noutrnlproporties, on instructions E:'.nd a.pproval of the Military Gov
rn
mont Lnnd Proporty Control Chiof; in tho cnso of Germnn properties, upon
recommendr.tion of tho Garman LlndProportyControl c.uthorities ..
SUPERVISION OF PROPER'l'IES UNDER CONTROL'
Hnving locntod the proporty end tnken it into custody, it 'Nns now
necess2.ry to establish c. system of a,'ocounts a.nd audits 'sothnt supor'vising
C:uthoritios would b'o in a position-to mansure the effio:i.oncy of operatidhs
by ynrious . custodin~sl' nnd to tnke prompt ~nd eff~ct,ivo romedinl r:.ct~on I
whero roqu1rod. Th1s was r,11, of courso, 1n the 1nterest of proserv1ng,
the prop~rty until it could botransferred to tho, ultime.to recipiont wit ..
ot).t substantinl deplotion of assets.
-11
I'
�Box
Docontr8.1izc,tion" Centrc.lizc,tion cnd'Deccntr::.lizc.tion of tho Proport
"C'ontro"
y8 om,
,.
'"
.'
II
. ' II '
During tho month of Septemb~r 1945~ tho Prope.rty Contro,l uccount'tng
system V'l'r.s chnnged from c. docentrc.lizod to 0. centre.lized ISYstom~. Orig;i.nc.lly
it w('.~, planno-d to mt:dntc.in the Property Control records mndo bY,lililit&.ry
.
.
_
II
.
Governmont Prop~rty ·Control' Officors o.t Regionnl 1iilitnry Government levolo
. This plnn wns nctuo.lly put into operc.tion o.nd workQd1Nith n rC(1.sonc.bl~ do- ,
gro,o, of success forthreo. months. Due to tho rodeploymont of numorou~ 'Woll
,trc.ined Property Control Officl3rs,' it WClS thought o.dvisD.ble" by Propehy
Control c.uthoritios c.t thr.t time, to consolid::.to nll Property Controlilrocords
,in one offico; namely, the.tof tho Chiof Property Control' Of-ficer, Ol::;CfS,
Aftor c, study of the systom usod by tho AlionProporty Custodio.n, n rovision
,of tho ?OCEmtr0,li:od systom wc,s .considered ndvo.ntagoous. Accordingly I\Vo.rious
doto.chraents were lnstructod. to forwc.rd to ~roperty ~~~ntrolHoo.~qu~rtE)llls ['11
Property Control rocords nt' Stadt, L::;ndkre~s und Regl.orungsbeZl.rk level.
Honcoforth, Rogionnl Proporty,C'ontrol Ofticps wero instructod to rotui6. one
copy of vo.rious reports for their filos, to for,~c.rd directly bY,niT co~rier
onocopy of tho d::.tn c.nd. em o.dditionc..l copy vms to be forwnrded .throug'r
Ordinc.ry.chf\~nels. ~'.
,'"
".",
"
,,'
\
It bacnmG c.ppnront eC1.rly in 1946 tho.t, tho' contralized system of ac
counting 'W::.s a.dministrntively unvror~"\blo, cumborsorno' und impracti9al. lITho
systom devisod for tro.nsmitting roports fe.iled. The time lClg betweon pre
pnrc.tionof reports in the fiold und receipt by OMGUI) was' in many instancos
' .
.
II
, c.smuch c:.s six months. In fnct, f>.t its bQ st only ono third of the, ropoli'ts
which should hClve boon roce.ivodwore ever reoe.ived r.t O}iiGUS lovel. Hn~ing
in mind tho trrmsfor of corto.in Proporty'Control responsibilities to G~rmo.n
,
•
II
r.uthorities in the lntter half of 1946,(", progrc.m vms instituted provhiing;
for tho decontro.lizo.tion of ,the nccou\lting function to Lc,nd lovol. Eo.~h
Lend Property Control Chief was instructed to sot up nn Accounting S~)c~ion
.
·
1
and to take steps to train Gennnn omployees so .thnt tho trc.nsfer of o.uthority
could bo accomplishod with t;'. minimum of confusion•. After trc.nsfer of :rliespon- '.
sibil'ity to Germnn (',uthoritio~, .tho nccounting; function becc.me the jO.iri~
.
r.? sponsibility of tho Lend Property Contr?l Chief c.nd tho GGnno.n Le.nd C\d.Vili£',n
Agency Hands. The benefits of this chnnge became iminodietely p.ppc.ront,~more
reports wore received during shorter:intervo.ls. 'Although the time lc:.g: e
mc.inf)d c.t r.pproximc.tely three months, substc.ntie.l improvement vms notod~ and
remodic.l (',ction, if required, we.s to.ken immedic,tely.,
From 1 July 1945 until docontrc.lizc.tion of·the qccounting function to
Vmd lovol in enrly'1946, no. cffe.ctive nuditing prOgrc.m vms in opare.tioht>
In July 1946, 0. stande.rd form for roporting receipts rind disbursements 4f
properties, other thnn business entorprises,vms dovis.ed nnd distributed.
In October 1946, stnnddrd profit and loss' str.tement o.nd bc.lD.nc'il sheot f~rms
we rQ dovised for truding und manufacturing enterpriso s. At the snmo tL4e,
diroctives which prescribGd ,tho ilse,disposition, r,nd review of thosoll
.
stt.nd€ l rd forms were promu:lgu~ed. In goner!:'.l, Germ£'.n Le.nd Civilie.n Agonc1y
Het.ds wore mc.de entirely responsiblofor tho reviewing of finanCial stc:eie
ments on Gormnn properties, withoverc.ll supervision remaining tho func~ion
of the Lrend Property Control Chiefs • The dotp',iled roviE:lw of financial state
ments portc.ining; to proporties Of United Nc.tions D.nd noutrnl· nntionuls,1
h0V{over, remained the rosponsibilityof the Lnnd Property ControlChicfs.
To. 'promotci efficiency tho requirom9nt for monthly st.nteroents' from· custod!iians
'"wl?-s discontinued; quarterly and sClmi-nnnue.l statements wore substitutedl
Du.6 to tho groC'.t dec.rth of ind0pondont public c.ccounto.nts in. tho vr,riousl
k,ender, tho timely· submission of annual.certified stc.temonts vms ox
trenoly difficult. In addition to the f::.ct th£'.t numerous public 0.ccount
c.nts were diSqUb.lifiOd.because of politice.l unreliability, e.dditionnl
\ .
difficulties c.roso from the fnct thr.t public nccountnnts must test check
invontoriosc,ttha yeo.r end in ordGr to be able to certify their ste,teme its.
:Most businoss enterprisos hc'.Ve c. fiscnl poriod corrGspending to tho cnlo~dnr
yoc,r with ~hf:) result th;",t tho •limited number of qualified ::.ccountants co4id
not propr.ro,the nocessE'.ry' n\lmber Of·stD.tements on timo. It we,s, the refo
decided to instruct ::0.11 o.vaile.blo public ('.ccQuntClnts to rrw.ko te st chocks llof
the inventory c.t the oarlio st pessible time c.nd thr.t unc,uditod c.nnual st1to;"
. nKmts wore to be submittod on tho proscribed do.te. Audited ste.toments' f9r .
tho so.me yoc.r woro to be submitted ,during tho follewing six months. This
procedure ponnitted ave,He,ble t',ccountants to spre!'.d their work out nnd pJlovod
most satisfactory.
l
.
iC'
-12
�. To fncilitc.to the review of oporating stntomonts submittod, instru ticns
wore issuod. to tho L:.nd Property ControlOfficos to speedily-.d.etorminG ~hos.e .
propertios opernting r'.t n lo.ss c.nd those propE:irtio.s.op.crating nt c. profit"
.
Tho volume of reports rendorod w:is. tremondous, however, by this deviso dll
r~ports pe:tn~ning to property opcrnting r;t. a loss wore sogrogC\te~~n~ &ivon
lnghest pr~orJ.tyo S~ch stc.toI!l(mts wore rov~owod and c.no.lyzod. :C~vJ;l~url
"
Agen~y mc.ds wore cc.lled upon to Qxplc.intho cr.usos for tho losses r.nd ,,~ere
instr:uct0d to t~ko.remodiC'.l ~ction. -r'hera requirod, . reoommendat~ons we~o
me.de by thoOff~co of tho Ch~of 'Property Control Off~cer. In thu mnnner,
r:pprL'ximc.tely 25,000 fimmcic.l reports of individtw.~ proporties wore ·reJoivod
c.l.).d chockod during tho . latter hnlf of'1946 by tho i..cccunts c.nd ll.udit Se~t'ion,
Office of tho Chief Prop~rty Cuntrol Brc.noh, Ol.ilGUS.·. This does, not 1;;r.ko lIinto
Qccount c, much grot.tor volumo hr.ndlod by the various Lnnd Militc.ry Govo1n~
mont r,nd Germnn Property Control i.goncies. Copies of mc.ny of thcso rePl'!rts
"Nora fOr"1NT1.rdod to o1imors in nlliod c.nd rioutrc.l countries.
.
<'
Inspection~
.'
of Properties Undor Control
\.
.
.
In addition to roviewingfint:mcinl stntements curr~ntly, Lc.nd Prop~lrty
Control Chiofs c.nd k.nd Civilic.n Ag0ncy Heedswcrorequ~rod to m('.kot.n l!n-·
.
spoction; r.t IGo.st once !l yef'.r,' of eaoh property utlder control. Tho scoII e
of such inspoetion depended upon such fb.ctors r.s::
1'Ihothor it wr.s· !'• . !Jusiness onterprise;
Fihothor· it submitted corroct fint:1.noie.l statoments currently;
..1'Jhether tho property W8.S oporcting at c. loss; oto.
.
I ,
"
.,
~.s 0. ro suIt of 1.'.pproximt".toly 3~.500forIllf.\l. inspectio,ns 'of prop0rty by fie~d
rcprosontntivcs during tho first thrGO months of 1948, 54· custodico.ns
recommendod for romovo.l. The":most prevalent grounq.s for removal of cU5tlfdicms
we'ro: inoffici0ncy;bhck ITh.".rket a.ctivities; '·politic::,.l unrelir.bility D.san
dice.ted by f2.lsificr.tion of fro.gobogen; fe.ilure to comply with Mili tnry
Government directive s; embezz1oment; illego.l sf.':le of c.sse1;is,; cmd gross
nogligencG •. In mc,ny insto,nce s p.rosecut-ion of custodinns .for violations
li.stod r.bove rosulted in 12.rge fines and prison sentences.' It wns felt
thc.t theinspoction pro~rr.m of properties under cont;rol was most effective
c.np. th['.t nct1,lc.l visitc.tion !:'.nd physical audit Wf.S e.n excellent means (j'f
a·s.certc\ining propor mnnc.gem0nt a.nd opere.tion. i;. routine inspection, for
. oxc.mpl-e in i~ugsburg, indico.tod thc.t the custodio.n permittod ·the owner, of I'
tho firm to withdraw 50,000 lli\{s from the firm. This, of course, . vm.scon;.;
trr.ry to Military Goverriment directives. In t;,ddition, it vms found thr.tl
the custodit:1.ll made e. loo.n of 30,000 RM5 to himsolf;· wi th which he e stnb-·
lished (".nothor business •. Fortunntely, the Property Controller we-.s able
to, he.vo the 50,000 .RI~s rGturned to the firm,- tho business purchc.sed with
tho 30,000 RIv!swns to.ken into cu.stody on the. "following tl:1c assets thoorylt
2.nd tho custodie.n W[,,5 removed c.nd roplo.ced by un impartiql po;rson.
VlO+
Inspection of GerIlli.,\n Civilian i~gency Offices
Such offices "ver€) exe.mined by OMGITS Property Control officif'.ls to d,
termine' 'whother -:the properties under control wero. properly me.nQ.ged nnd . t· Cot
records were r.vuilv.blo, giving ndequt:1.to dete.ils pertr.ining to opcratinc; ,
proportios; c.nd whether.. r.. :systemin£'.tic inspeation of such. propertios w'('.s .
. being l11D.do. BusinElss ant'.lysts were .cnllod upon to submit form?l reports
l?~inting out discropt~ncios, we8.Y,nesses, otc., nnd to make suggestions fo;,
corrective action. .As a genernl rulo, it was· found thnt tho Civilinn
i
,,'.gencY Iieo.d Offices were efficiontly Ilk~IH,.ged E'.nd.the.t stc.ndC'.rq opere.ting
proQedures pertuining to' routing. of mc.:l.l, reports, checking .of financial
str.toments, etc., wore being fol10wed. It also o.pper.red tht,t ('.11 CAH
Officos mt:1.intninod completo rocords perto.ining to custodir.ms •. Considor
ing tho f:1ct thc:t l11D.ny C.AH Off.icos Ie.cked ossentir.l oquipment, such e.s
typewriters; ('.dding m('.chinos~ paper, trc.nsport(\tion, otc., I:'.n'excollont
job '.1)'0.S dono~ In nddition, .in too 'vvinters of 1946 end' 1947 many of those
offices hud cbsolutc1y no heat, and work could only bo performed on c. pc.tt
-13
�time basis. During these two years r.nnny,CAR
fixtures cnd worked in overcrowded quo.rters.
overoome during this period' clearly indicnts
most of the Civilian Agency Rends took their
fer'ring Property Control responsibilities to
Offices had no electrioal
The difficulties v;Thich were
tho seriousness With r"hich
work, and the wisdom of tro.n ,..
loc(',l a\lthorities.
. Llmd ~roperty Control Chiefs were e,lso' instructed to mo.ke periodic::,.l
inspections of all, Germ[,nCivilian Agency Offices of which there were ap
proximately 240 (1: in olloh' Irieis). These inspections provedextre:nely
helpful. Such questions t:'.s~
.
.
Sufficiency of properly trained personnel;
Adequacy ()f offico equ ~pmont and space;
.
Ravia,,; of !iJ.dninistrative policies and procodures ",ero discussed;
Files pertaining to custodic.ns 'were reviewed;
.
'
CAH accounting procedures were checked to ascertain Uw.tproper
tickler systems ;;'lOre boing used to assure tiMely submission of
reports;
.
File s vrere checked to see if proper ,approvals wore obtained before
extraordin&.ry expenditures woro, incurred by custodi!:ms •.
In short the entire administrc.tion of the CAH Office W/l5 reviewod nnd ro om
mendations mado ~vhere required. A roport of the findings of the Mili t!?r~
Government Officer was forwarded to the appropriate German Land Civilic..nl
Agency Head for nis infonru:.tion and neoossary /lction, i f a.ny.
Treatment of
S~rplus
Cash
.An additional sc.foguard WE'.S provided in the trOE'.tment of CL'.sh held
by vL'.rious custodiClns in excess of their normal needs. Instructions '.II'e~El
issued providing the.t ColI custodians were to transfer to CentrE'.l Cash i...d,
counts under the dir!;3etion of the .LllndProperty Control Chief (in oL'.ses/of
United Nations and neu"trd pr,o]?ertie s)' and the Land Civilic.n' Agenoy
(in case s of Ger!1l!ln propertio s) all cush exceeding six months nOl'TI(;\l on: h
needs of thQ business. Theprpvision.wns c.lso made thc.t in the evont t,ic,t
the custodicn required such cash for exceptional expenditure s, applicc.tion
Was to be ronde to either the LPCC'or the I£AH as,the case m::.y be.
Heat,
lnstnllntionof Hollerith S'ys~~}..cAH ~ffices
To e.ssist in the timely roportingof Property Control trE'.nsactions,' the
Hollerith System was inste.llod in the vcrious LCl~H Officos. This aystEt
vms invalua.ble in tho speedy compile.tion of lists of properties undor o,on
trol. The o.dvantc.~es of such n systeroin the sr:wing of time c.nd exponJe Ilre
obvious.
;
RECOIvIMENDLTIONS OJ!' TEB PROPERTY DISPOSITION BOARD
On 26 MD.rch 1946, c. 'report 1i're.s issuod by a previously appointed M:llitr,ry
Governmentltpropcrty Disposition i3oc.rd", which surveyed thG en,tiro si:t;Jb.tion
and mnde numerous specifiC proposals for the ordorly disposition of pr~partios
under control. The: report of the Property Disposition Boc,rd was concoflned
with ultimate disposition of cntogories of proporties, rege.rdless of t~('J e.gency
rosponsiblcfor opcrr.t1oncl control. ' 'n1o prdpo~tics included ·indu"tric.lil:: ' "
plrmts, housing projocts, bunk c.ccounts, gold bullion, jowols, pninti#gs,
insuranco compc..nie s, radio ste.tions, nOVTspcpors, publishing ho,:!ses, an~
income derivod from some of these units. \I:iith tho minor excoptionstD.~od
,elsowhoro in thj.s histnry. Mil.itc.ry Govorrunent regulr.tions existing
M::-.rch
1946 did not authorize the release of any property from control oxcept/lon
account of rop(>.rc.tions !'.nd restitutions, for use by tho occupying powers,
or by order of higher hec.dq'lartars under limited lic9nsing proVisions.1
if
After (". cureful study of the problem, MilitD.ry Governmont direotelF the
,Laenderrc.t to dovolop ph.ns for !:'.ssuming custOdy and supervision 01: ~ost of ,
the property under Military ~overnmElntcontrol (excluding, bowevor, pI]0pcrtL-s
~ of tho Reichsbnhn, the Reichspost, ('.nd tho Raichsba.ltk, oxtf.)rn!?l c.asets,
-14
�foreign exchange assets, and I. G~ Farbon holdings) •. These plr.ns~~re oom
pleted, !.'.pprovod?y Militc,ry Go:ernmont, end put into offect by the middle I
of June 1946, when most proport~os under control woro transforrodto Gorman
authoritio s for custody p.nd c.~inistrc.tion, subject to J,filitnry Govermnont II
for policy direction" Propertie s belonging to any Unitod J:ktions and neut~c.l
na.tionc,ls wore still subjoct to spocie,l control mOC,Bures cmd suporvision bYI
Milita.ry Government rmthoritios to insure full proto.etion of .suoh oountrioJ'
interests in Gorrno.n y :_..
...
. . . .
II.
It vms tho policy of tho oocupC\tion to. me.intnin nooesst'.ry oontrols !'.n'~·
at tho semo tim~ to plnco"rosponsibility upon tho Gorrno.n pooplennd c.pprovdd
Gorman ugencies and institutions to the grontost Qxtent possiblo.
.
I
The problem wus mc.inly one of int~rim oustody ponding tho timo whon tHe
individual ownors or ultimc.to recipionts ""ould bo able to mc.nnge their pI:'O~
ortios.ln tho c['.so ofU~ So nationals, tho U. S. "Trading ;'lith the Enemyji
Act!! cmd, with respect to .c.ll nbsentee. evmers, tho ~xisting truvel and coml
municetions restrictions prosentod obstnclos. Tho Property Disposition·
II
Boc.rd roconnnondod that ro sponsibility for protecting the property should be
plnood upon the Lnonder,. th6t they should bo roquired to mc.intc.in complete II
records of such properties, and tha.t Militc.ry Govarnmcmt should provide the.
necossnry inspaction D.nd suporvisory me.chinory. Pending the formc.tion of d.
Contral Gormcn Government, it wes felt thc.t Militnry Governmont must conti4ue
to reply to United l'Jntions nationnls who requosted informction perte.ining to
tho condition of thoir prope rty in tho U. S. Zone.
.
TRAN8F'ER OF PROPERTY CONTOOLRESPONSIBILITY TO GERNlilN i ..UTHORITIES
Evor since 1 November 194.5, Property Control OffioialS had be.on working
on a. pInn providing for the transfer of certc.in property control rosponsj";'
bUitie s to Go rman nuthorities •. In line vii th I'Ulitc.ry Govornment policy
und the .recoTIl.'Ilenda.tion of th0 Pr.operty Disposition Boe,rei, tho first stop·
vmstuken unde r u Directivo dated 17 Winy 1946 e.nd entitlod"Trnnsfer of
Property Control Responsibilities in Grot':tor He SSG nnd 1,'iuerttemb.org~Bad0n
,to Lund hIinistors President.". This Diroctivo o.uthori2:ed cmd direoted tho
trnnsfer to the respoctive Ministers President of responsibility for custody
und ;e.dministrntion of c.tl property under control as providod for in MGR
Title 17. 1/ In a.ddition, responsibility for the progrum of teking into
custody end the ndministrution of proporty, c.s we.s· at that, time. performed
by Militc.ry Governmont undor illlGR Title 17, vms f'.lso to be c.ssumod by
German c.uthorities.
It should bo pointed' out that this p·rogrrunrolc.tos only to custody c.n .
e.d:rninis·trntionj disposition of property. except e.s authorir;od by Titlo
e,lso hed to awnit Hilitnry Governmont uuthority. In c.ddition.. sc:fegu£l.rds
end corte,in re sponsibilitic S wero retccined by Milito.ry Government Lr.nd Of~ieos
and the Office of tho Chief, Property Control Brunch, in ~.ttors parte.inirlg
.
to properties of Unitod He.tions c.nd neutro.l mmers and thOse properti~)!5 i~.
tho duress catogory9 For exe.mplo. loo.sos, ct1;stodic.n oontre.ot.s, eertuin II
extra.ordinary expenditures, requirod th6 c.pprovc.l of tho Land Proporty Con
trol Chief.
....
..
.
..
I
17'11
In the lc,tter montl1s of 1946, similar responsibility vms trensforrod·
to Germc.n Proporty. Con'trol uuthoritio s in Bc.vC".ria. and Bl"l!lmon.
The task of transferring the numorous files from Militc.ry Govornmont
custody to tho ir:;.'rious Lc.nd offices 1'lt'.S completod in· ilpril
Likewise,
the' finnl step vms tr.ken .in tho progrum of docontralizc:tion of tho Property
Control nccounting functions. ll.ftor April 1947, tho only o.ccountingx:-ecotds
of propertios under control which continued to bo mc'.intninod by tho Offic~
of the Chief of. the Prop~rty Control Brunch wore thoSQ of properties unde~ .
control in Berlin Soctor"
1947.
y
Soo
l ..nnox
VL
...,15
�,#: .. '":';
~
'1'.
,,-,'
~
. Box
3
;~nother stop in line with tho policy of docontrclize.tion of the Frop
. erty Control functions e.nd as nresult of the trc.nsfor of ];>roporty'Control
responsibility to Gol:"Ill8.n uuthorities, was tho method of hv.ndling cc>;sh bo
longing to prope rtio s .1,lndor control. Undor tho centrc,lizcd control in
offect prior to lvlny 1946, Lo n, boforo trunsfor of oporntionc.l responsibiliJty
to G.ormo.n Civili[',n 11.gencios, 0.11 .surPlus· cC'.sh of propo.rtios 1'11'['.8 trcmSforrOl.".
. to tho Frrmkfurt nccount undGr .the control of the Chief, Proporty Control
Brr.nch. il.11 ~u?h' cash wc,s roturnCld ~nrly in 1947 to tho Lc.on~or in which
.
such funds orl.gln::-.ted. It '.'ms deposlted, undor the docentrc,llZc.tion pro- .
gr!:',m, in centrnl cc.sh accoun:t;sundor the control of tho Lund Civilian j"gon '1
Honds (Gorman i~uthori ty) and Lo,nd Property Control Chiefs ,(U .. S •. Property
Cont'rol'Luthorities), dopClnding upon v'<'hether tho c('.sh originutod from
'.
GormC\n propertios or Unitod Na.tions end noutrc~ propertios rospootivQly.
The amount of cC\sh roturned to tho wender e~rly in 1947 ,m's in OXCOIlS' or
RJ.\[ 60,000,000.
. '
I.
LIQ..UIDi~TION PROGRlj,.~
On 26 JUDe 1948, n program vms npprovod providing for tho complete
liquidction by 1 July 1949 of the Property Control (md Extormi1 J.. ssots
Brc.nch, Property Division, OHGQ'S.. !:Ind the Lund Property Control OtficQs.
On 1 Juno 1948, thore WON 95,780 units of' prop~rty undor control
with un ostim!:'.ted value of 10,675,374,141 mo.rks. Included in those.
figures nrc 27,711 units of duress proportios with en e8ti~~ted vnlue
of 1,234" 259,913 :narks. ::Jith respect ,to duressproportiOS fina.ldispoSi
tion could not be mude until finnl udjudic~tion of thu cuse pending be foro
'tho Ro stitution c.uthoritios us provided .for undor Military Govornment Lnw
No. 59.
It was, thoreforo, the prirn.cry purpose of tho Liquidntion
Progr£'.m to releaso from control £'.nd return to the Germnn Economy, during
the' ono year period, 1:'.11 other properties; namely, 65,785 units with on
e stimuted vuluQ of a.pproximnto1y 9,500,.000,000 mr.rks. Tho program briofl¥'
provided for c.n C',11 out effort nnd nccolcrnted po.ce und~r existing progrnm
providing for dispo,sition of the vc,rious cntogoriGs of property cnd the
d~vising und promu1gntion of now pro~rc.ms whore roquired.,
'
,
Y
>
l
The numorous steps necessc.ry to accomplish ,the dosirod rosult nre
coverod elsewhoro in this report under tho respectiv~ cntogorios. Suffic'
to . sc.y, r:.t this point, thnt'tho progrr.m was succossfu1 us is ilclustrntcd
by tho following stc.tistics:
PROPERTIES SUBJECT TO DISPO$ITI?N UNDER THE LIQ.UID.(:..TION PROGRiJ,1
.
Ronson for"
Control
NSDil.P
.
- -.....·'""T....
o...,..tt-=J.1=--='1--.::t'Ju-n-ol94'r-.;.---·-·· Totc.f l' July 1949 II
Number of
Units
Estimntod
·Mombo~_s.!__~tc ----3-9-._....
7-8""'9--
Uni to d No. ~~ons ,~~_c,:.._ _.......
5.:,.3.:,.0_
14~,
Vnlue '-RM
2,627.930,687
.......;.1,678, 633, 4~
Number of
Units
3,
.ti:stimcdk;d .
Value ~ Rlii!
39;--~951 ~70
3,048
II
223,230', Q92
'I
Exte rn£'.l Loot.
25,052,8~
1,431
598
642,505,158
,
Germnn Stnte
3,987
3,127,140,884
.-.-..- .-- .. ------.,......,:.........-----~
Former IG Fcrben
Miscelbneous
69
--'-'
1,426
137
.
II
.
289, 7~2t ;~47 _
'11-
1----
350,160,961
474,394.,186
'
•• ' 16,:178, $05
... II
.
268, 926, ~19 .
40'5
214; 743.1912
uncla~-i-f~:~-in--~-n-vr--5~2--~*~-~~------~5~1~5L,~2~9~6~,~l~1~3----*--""""""""~--~5~0~,-1-5~7~,1~Jl-7-0-Total
?~, 785
,9,441,114,228, 7,925
*Units not li,sted ns they (ire included· in--ab'Ovo figures.
y
Soe Annex XII.
":18
.
1, 455 163 ,11615 .
T
�"Box
Tho Liquidc.tion Progro.m elso providod thnt numerous rosponsibilitio s of
tho Prop~rty Control C'.nd Extorn:::.l ~_ssets Branch, Property Division, 01u.GU8,
be tr['.nsforrod to n Contrnt Gcl'1ll.t.nProperty Control !.goncy. Sueh D.n i.ganey
he.s boon (late.bUshed in Munich; tho diroatorl),to of which is composed of tho
fourLCl~Hs.in thaU. S. Zone •. It is their.'rosponsibility to promoto unifOrn')it:/
ofprq.cticEl in tho four Lnondor, to rnc.kGNOOmmendntions to M:ilitc.ry Govornl
merit, und~ in goneral, toeontinueoxisting Property Control policies r\s in
dice.ted in M.GR Title 17. Roque at tor intormnt.i on pe rtninlng to prope rtio a
undurcontrol, or which wore under oontrol, c.ro to bo c.ddressed to this
orgc.nizntion., MilitnryGovQ,rnmentProporty Control OfficQS nt· OMGUS and
Land levels have been liquidntod.. oil., mUull group of proporty specinli sts,
o.s of' 1 July 1949, ,is o.ttuched to the Offioe of tho Economics i~dvisor. It
is the rosponSibility of, ·this group to gonGrnlly supervisl? tho Interned
Rostitution Progro.m lind to roview rQcommondc,tions porta.inlng to Proporty
Control mo..ttors me.do by tho Gor.mC'.n Zona.l ~·.goncy.
'
"
-11;"
�~EPR~~UC~D~n~E ~~TIO~~~ARCH~~:~tR G
", ,,',
,2 q9~ -
.
cui'l M § SE1'fttl-'el.tf
(.Oll-'W,)("""
6M()("l~
f"orl.
Entry
Pibn
File ?£oll.Co'.I\l?~t~lVil'(!f.l('~'
Box
3
~Of/"():(r!,.
,-
'I,' ,,'
•
"
-",
HANAGEr.:JENT 'OF PROPER'l'IES UNDER conTROL
\Jith certain eX,eepti<?ns,businessenterpr i~os under' control were per
mitted to engage in all transactions ordinarily.incidental to the normal
conduct of business '~ithinoccup1ed Germany. Duly appointed custodians wer'
responSible for the mana.g~mentof sU,ajl properties.
!,!-~ent of Pre-SurreriderDebts and T~es ~~nterprisuunder Control
Immediately. subsequent ,to the posting of Military Government Law No.
52
and Control Council Laws l~,o. ,,2
and $
the que etion arose as to
whether or not pre-surrender debts of enterprises under I'llilitary Government
oontrol should be paid. In the early phases of the occupation various un
certainties, existed such as:
'
JJ
?:.!
y,
or
The existence
non:"existence of bank accounts;
Loss of records and general uncertainty as tOl'Jolvenoy;
Laok of safeguards against assets being siphoned out of enterprises
through the payment of illegitimate debts.
These conditions made the policy of deferments of payments a practical
necessity.
After more than one year from the beginning of the occupation, it be
came increasingly apparent that non':'payment of pre-surrender debts and, in
some' instances, taxes~ contributed t,o economic sta.gnation. Numerous credi"
tors were particularly h~:rd hi~ through their inability to collect 'what
I
would normally be current receivables.. Municipalities, in many instance s, ,
~~re deprived of large, tax payments. Most of the reasons for the deferment
of debt payments no longe~existed in Juno 1946.' It was now poss ible to
determine the status of cash and bank accounts; determine the financial
condition of enterprises; block payments and funds where required "and, to
establish the validity of certain Cle.im~ and debts. 'The reason no longer
existed for the freezing of legitimate debta ,due by ~olvent debtors.
There was also, an inoreased tendency llmong the <Zeman population to
refuse as legal tender, currency (the Reichsmark, Allied Military Mark
Notes, Rentenbank: Notes) in satisfaction of dsbts~ or as oonsideration fori
transactions. To dispel all doubts, Amendment No. 1 to Military Governmert:t
Law No. 51 "Currency" was, issued. This provided that, de,'bts, etc., 'could
be satisfied lIupon falling due, by payment mark for mark", and that the
creditor is, in all cases, bound to accept such currency' at its face value'
in discharge of obligations. In June 19,46" t,herefore, instructions were
issued permitting custodians to pay debts which were incurred legally in
the n~rmal course or' busine:u providing there ware funds available wi thoutl
substantially impairingwork:ing capital of operating busine sses, or en- II
cumbe ring non-operating properties. Pe.yments to a creditor whose propert
'was subject to Law No. 52,~'';''re to bEt rnaqe by direct bank transfer to the
blo~ked account of such creditor.
I'
I
The payment of pre.. surrender debts of propertie s confiscated under
Control Council Law No.2 was prohibited. It ,Vas felt that confiscation
of these properties did not 'necessarily involve assumption of debts. HOW
ever, current obligations of $uoh properti,e:o; which wer-e opera~ed under th
authority of Military Government were so operated, not under Article 4 of
M.G. Law No. 52, but under Article s II and III of 11. G. Law No. 52, whio
'Provides for the removal of ', the restrictionll ofN. G. Law No. 52 Hwhen
~therwiseauthorized" by Military Government. The use of such properties
VIDS restricted by'virtue of their confisce.tion under Control Council Law
No.2. Military Government authorized the norm.e.l operation of many of'
such properties in order to meet 'tho minimum needs of the German economy.
11
]I.
Y
See Annex VIII
See Annex XJl
'See Annex XVII,
I'
t
�Control Council LeW! No.9 vasts title of tho. I, G. Fc.rben proporties
in tho Control Council I.'.nd opore.tiona of s<-.id onterpriso wes under the con
trolof tho I. G. Fnrben Control Committoo ~ Thereforo, instructions ,voro
issued thr,t no dobts of this orgc.nizc.tion wero· to be' pc.id, . rogr.rdloss of·
when 'incurred, out of funds of proportioseontis·cc.tod undor Control Council
LI:'.'I'[ No.9, oxcept on ordor of tho I. G. Fnrl:>cn Control Committoe.
In gonor[',l, Militnry Govornmont rogule.tions in tho. British, French e.nd
Zonos of Occupr,tion .'!ould not permit tho p:'.ymont of dobts to rosider--ts
of thoir respoctivo Zonos or tho U. S. Zono inourred prior to 8 Iflo.y 1945.' ,[n
somo instnncos,howElV9r, qxeopt:ions woro w\do by British authorities nnd su:bh
dobts could be pc.idwith o.ppropril'..te c.pprovnh, if tho dobt ">!C.s not incurro1a
D.S tho rosult of wo.r contrc~ots.
The Soviets, however, mt'.do no oxoeptions
'nnd only pormittod corte.in pnymo!lts to b 0 mndQ for goods furnishod E.ftor tl'lo
bogiilning of the occupntion.· All trc.nsfors to tho J:{ussic.n Zone ware seroetibd
Cot the Barlin Stc.dtkontor Bnnk I:'.ndworo TilOdo through Roiohs·br.nk c.ccounts •
.l~ll such pe.yrrlonts ht'.d to bo routod through the o.ccount s which· the Berlin
Sto.dtkontor mf\intainad With tho rno.in Reichsbririk offices in Bc.'vt'.ril'., Rosso
nnd ::juerttombo rg-Bc.dan.
Rus5~<.m
I
loce.~Od
In tho so. instc.ncos whero I:'. fir;ll
in th<::i RussiF.'.n Zono hr:d brc.ncJ05
in tl10 U. 8. l~rac.of Control, pnymonts wore PGrL'\ittcd within tho U. s.Zonol
to 0. duly c.uthorizod roprosont~tivo of tho oreditor. '~~ll qUQstions. of do~bt
vroro reforred to thE').OfficQ of the Chiof' of Property Control Brr.nch, OHOO8.
Lo.ws. adopted in cortnin.Lt.onder in tho' Russit'.n Zono provided for tho natiorl
alizction of oorte.in industrias. In some instf'.ncos, such 'ontorprisos o.lso
hnd bre.nchos in othor zonos.. Innsmuoh o.s wo did not kno'\i{ whethor such
no.tionnlizntion or .socinliJ:~.tion would barecognizod in tho U. S • .I-..roe,. of
Conti-ol. no pc.yroonts to such croditors woro pormittod pi) nding clc.rific[,tio11
of this issuo."
. .
Bonrds of ~~Qrvisors
Tho [\ppointmont of Bonrds of· 811Porvisors (;~ufsi~htsro.t). for Gcrmc.n firms
under control '\ire.s permitted. Gcrmc.n 1£'.'11 roquired joint stock oompl'.ni05 (i+s)
c.ndcooporc.tivo a.ssocinticns to h.C'.V() r, Bonrdofsupor.visors. In th0 cnSG (1;£
limit(jd liability ~ompnn10 s (GmbH), c. Bonrd of Suporvisors is not required .
by ll'.W, but had to bo ,forpod.whoro tho "..rticlos of .i~'ssocie.tion so. provided.,
Thero ('.ro cortnin functt',montc.l distinction5 botwe.on tho pow~rs, duties ~ cl
nuthorityof property custodic.ns nnc.supcrvis,ing boe.rds. ,Custodir.ns of
Property Control wore roquiredundor ;~rticlo III, 4 (c.). (II), of Militr-.ry
Govornmont Le.w No. 52 tv prosorvo, mt:'.intein ('.nct sc.foGu2.rd soizod property,
::.nd undor I\:1GR '17-815(ns vf i<iiaroh 1947) they hcd full· powors of mt:'.nc.g:omont
::md diroction of soizod proportias. Tho Boc.rd of Sup~rvisors of AGs, 'on ~ (j
othor he.nd, represent tho compc.niGs, 1n thoir relc.tionship to tho mc.nc.gQmorilt
c.nd. could be c£:'.llod upon t6 conduot lnwsuits on their oym boht.lf ·or on bo1
he.If of .stockho:dors. Thoy cannot oxc.:n-eiso mc.n(".g~ric.l. functions. "lith II
vary fow oxcoptl.ons, tho rolntions bot1l1lOon custodl0.nS nnd boc.rds 'woro very!
.
" .
good, r.nd conflicts Viora fow..
Extraordinary Exponditures
.
iJ.s C'. gonorol rule" oxtrnord1nc.ry orunusuel ox.ponditures woro prohib~tod.
If w.rrnnted, howevo r, o.ftor c. compl,ete 'survoyof tho 51 tu~.tion, sue h ox- JI, " ,
. ponditurea were permitted nftor I:'.pprovt".l by tho LPCC or LC.;~H. Requests f(I'1"
clenrcmcG of oxtre.ordint'1.ry exp~nditur~s incidont to .. r?nder rOhnbilitC'.tionj
a.nd ropnirs, orcction of nevI' fc.cilitios, purchc.so ~f now equipmont r.nd
.
maahinory, etc., wore ohocked by tho LPCC "or LCiJI fur' bc.sic si)unc.ncss.. Djil
to.ils of ,tho proposed l1lt:1.ximum improvomonts, together 'with cstimc.tod pro- I'
duction e.ft~I."tho improvomont VIUS complotod. wore. then forwc.rdod to 'Inc1usf::Y
Brunch, Economic~Division, Land loval, for epproV;c.l.. They wora to· dotoryll.ne
whothor or not tho proposod improvement oonformod to ,cstE-.blishod over ell,
polJ.cios on industrid produoti?n... If tho Eoonomics Division np:provod 011
tho proposod ilnprovomont, tho LPCC. (c.lld c.t [" . lr..tor do.te the LC~l.H> "IUS
authorizod to c.pprovo such roquests.
. -19
�~.
';;;;.:
Box
Status of Unexpirod
Lo~ses
Almost all l0~sos ontorod into porteiningto properties undor control
provided thp,t said 10[, so s could beta rminf\tod by Minteo ry Gove rnmont at e.n~1
time. It vms a policy of Eilitary Government to ce.ncol sl.lch,loasos i f
i
roql.losted by tho a\'mar whan· sl.lch properties ware oithor docontr.o11ed or, iti
a case of properties of Nazi Party Membors, after exon~ration by Donazifice,tion Tribl.lne.1s." Tho de.to of tormino.tiQn 'WlS fixed e.s one yoz,r fr~m tho .
data on which sl.lch notice was, given to the 10S8ee" This period of' time VII'.!:!
considored adoql.late to, pormit tho lesSGO to make othor loase arrangemont5~' i
In excoptione.l ce.sos the poriod was extended for another six month intervr,].
'rho ovmcr was oalled l.lpon to a'ssl.lmo tqo pD.ymont of l.lnamortizod portions of
0.11 costs of rope.irs !:'.nd im};Jrovomants inol.lrrod by tho lossee. Loe.so swore,
of cOl.lrso, not terminated whoro tho ovmor a,greod to the loc.so· orV.fnS a
'I
party to it. Lease s involving information control novlspapor lioonsoos
'~re not sl.lbject to tho foregoing prooedl.lre and woro not terminated except
on spocific' instructions of Info·rmntion Control Officinls"
I
I
Tnxation of Property Und,or Control,
'. Payments of ree.l ~stClto !lnd othor taxes wera IOOdo' wher? possible. In!
lOOny inat!:'.nces, howovor, tho proporties did not prodl.lco sufficient incomo
0
pay tho taxes. In such instl.'.noos, loci'll Proporty Control £\l.lthoritios were
, instructed to mako arrangoments with tho 10c!:',1 GorlOOn Govornmont for the
payment of those exponses, togethor with other noeosso.ry Qxpense s required
to prevent fl.lrthor doteriore.tion of tho prop~rty. Tho locnl German o.l.lthor'
ties kopt accurato records of sl.lch oxponditl.lros paid. The c.ccl.lml.lle.tod ex
penditures constitl.lto 0. lion ngo.inst the prop~rty until Sl.lch property 'No.S
oither rotl.lrned to the rightf1.l1 Oi'l1l0r or otherwise disposod of, e.t which
timo tho linbility wns liql.lidntod.
In rilD.ny·, instcmces, .it wes fOl.lnd th::-.t tc.xes on rocl ostato wero being
pa'id on pre-1lJUr o.asossod valuos, in ,.spite of tho fuct thc:,t sl.lch propertios
l
wore considerc.bly dc.!Jlllgod by bombing, etc. Cl.lstodians 'J'IOro in~tructed, it
sl.lch instunces, to apply to property t~.x al.lthorities for a rodl.lction in ',!/
tho tux proportionnte to thG dalllC'.go sl.lsto.in0d. Althol.lgh somo relief wes .
obtained, 106n1 Gormc,n al.lthoritios were extremely 8+01,v in me.king ro ...assoss
monts and adjustmonts.
1.
FiN Insuro.nce
'
Every offort I'ms mndo to SOO thc.t proportiElIl uni-lor control ·were ;.deqic.to
ly coverod by fire r.nd other h£u;r.rd insurnnce. An investigation indic:,te~
thC'.t lOOny properties, even thol.lgh completely destroyed, wore still covered
by firo insl.lr::.nce. Proporty Contr91 al.lthoritic 13 wero instrocted t~ 0 st£'.bt
lish tho necossD.ry procedl.lres to dotermine the type and o.mount of ~nsl.lranfe
necossc.ry for adoql.lnto protection of nll propertios under control. In those
Cf-SOS whore inSl.lrnnco 'live.s not roquired, the policies 'Wore to be c2.nco11ed
immodiately. In lllC'.ny instnncos, tho only insl.lranOQ required in the casos
of vacant land, etc., WC'.s liability insl.lro.nce.
u~ S. Bl.lsiness Man in Gorm'::,nYj .uT.J:'~ding with "t:.~e Bne_~}~t";· end
Transactionc.l COm:mtlnications
prop~rties
owned by U. 6.nntionc.ls were taken into properJ1{
Nl.lmorous
Control !tnd cl.lstodians appointed to mcnagfJ said propertios. 'those Cl.lstodjic,ns
couldnot, howevor, l.lnder tho IITrading v'rith tho Enemy Act" recoive dirootllons
with respoct to tho conduct oft·he bl.lS.incss (transr.ctiono.l COmml.lnications/)
from their owners. They were permitted to send .t.nd rocoive .the bl.lsines sl
information only~ sl.lch ('.s babnqo shoots and operating statements, throl.llSh
OlLGUS and Sto.taDapc.rtment cric-nnals" e.nd such communi,ccctions were c2-11cd I .
"non-tro.nsactioncl bl.lsino 13 S cOmIDl.lnico.tiori'Su.
•
Whon U. S .. bu.siness men vroroc.l1owod to enter Gol"IllUny to look c.fter I
their propqrty here, under the ·~rcdi~g with tho Enemy Act U , thoy could I
look bl.lt not .r..ct. thoy could listen but mnko,no docisions,_ In Jl.lna 1946~
.
�~
Box
3
tho Tre~sury Dep~rtment issued stundard form Treasury License No. W.2857,
which role.xed to 0,. considorable extent certr.in provisions of the "Trading
'vdth tho Enemy Act t' with respect to businoss man in Germany hc.ving /). militc'!'Jf
permit. The license did not extend to a U. S. ovmer outsidoof Germ£.ny who
vtished to c01lllllunicE'.tc!l business decision to the custodian of c, Gormr,n .
property. Such /).. comm~nicution would have boen a broach of the DTrading
with tho Enemy Act". TreD.Bury Liconse No. 2857, although of grec.t assisto.nce
as it permitted businoss men to "confer with military t?uthorities vdth re
spect to the restitution,' maintenance, preserviltion and operation of such
propertiosli, did not go f~r enough in permitting busin'cssmon to e.ctivoly
assume mo.nngerial dir.ection of their proportios.
.I
Lawsuits
As D. generr::\l rule, properties under control 'wero not. permitted to bo
sued without proper authorization from Militc.ry Govornmont Property Control
c,uthoritios. Suits in Germnn Courts involving nny of the Unitod Nations
were oxprossly withdrawn from jurisdiction of Gc:nnnn C'ourts by Article I,
Section 10· b (1) of lvIilitc.ry Govornment Law.No. 2,. nsumonded by il.mendm.cnt
No.2.'
' .
-21
�\!.lUTED NATIONS. lWTRAL... ANDOTEER. ABSENTEE
OH~IED
PROPERTIES
Tho rOllson ,for control of proporty of e.bsontoe OVInQr:, ,'m8 to protect '
: it tor tho owner until he could to.ko stops to protect it himself. DUrin~'
tho early days of tho occupation, communicc.tj,ons of· '£'. trc.ns['.otionc.l nc.tu1e
wora not pormittad and trt:'.vol' p~rmits 'i'lorediffioult to obtnin. ~iith tho
opening, of tho Mil for tro.nsnctiomd conmunicntions, Q"I.VD.ors \'1oro o.blo. t I
giw full instructions for tho operC'.tion~f thoir prop~rty •. Aftor monthdI
.
.
,
,.'
.
of study c.nd nno.lysh, . 0. progrq~n .providing for thedocontrol or prppcrtios '
bolongin~tocitizans of United o.nd Noutral' Nutiona (oxcept Spo.in dnd
'
Portugal) wns oomplctad..
'.
.
Docontrol ofUnitod No.tions', Nautr€ ' .ls'o.nd
otho.r Absontooo..rmers' Propo:t;jtios
r:storat~;::-:Jn:s~
Announcemont w:is made on 25 June 1947 J just c.ftor
o.ctiono.l cOntl\unications, tho.t oVTnors of proportios' in ~rmD.ny ",ho livod ~ut";
sida of Gonnc.ny could o.pply to tho' Gormo.n Lo.nd PropGrty Control Agency fqlI:'
tho rolec.so of properties under Property Control to nomineos of the o'IJmo~s
who ('.re po:nnt\nont rosidont,s o. f. Germany and who h['.vo boon givon properly
ecutod powers of attornoy. The roquiromonts for rolor-so nro:
'
l'X
. "ihon tho O'limor is c. oitizon or a rosidont of one of tho United
Nations or e. noutre.l country but is not c. citizon or ro'si'dent of Spnin or,
Portugal.
1::ihon tho property, ,ms placod undor Prop~rty Control sololy by
reason of absontoo oV'Tnorship, us providod in Arti,clo I, pnrngro.ph,~ (f),
of 11ilitrc.ryGovornmont Law No. 52"
rmd,no other .r0nson for control
oxists.
.
Y
.Yihon tho nominee pro,sonts 0. documont dntodon .orr.iter 15 Juno
1947 (tho dt..to vmon tral:lsC'.otional communicc.tions troro c.uthorizod), which
constitutos eithor E:. vr.lid poV'ror 'of o.ttorney fr0.m tho o''mcr or a eonfir
mc,tion of an oxistin,g powor of c.ttornoy.
lfihon tho nominoe is politicnlly v.ceoptublo undor the.; Law for
Llbor~tion from Nctioncl Sociclism end is c resident of Gormuny.
~~ihon
the titlo is. not in dispute.
1jhen tho QVlI11er C~\n provo ownership of 51 peraant or mON ,of the
p:operty,. if cvuih'.blc offi'cinl "rocords ill. th.C, Lo.ondor (for oxninplo~ LC;l1. d
T1tle Register (Grundbuch), Comm~rcial Rog1ster (&ndolsregistor), otc.) ,
do not show priIllt!\ fe.oio ovidonce of tho fact. .
. .
,
.
" .
.
.
.
.,'
' .
'
.
l
,
When a role£'.so binding cn tho ovmor is oxecutod r.t tho time th
nominoe recoives tho property.
On 30 Octob~r 1947, tho samo procodure outlined nbovo for the' de~
control of propertios which v..rore owned 51 percontormoro WI:'.S c.ppliod to
properties in which(m int~rest of loss than 51 percont wr.s hold by
Unitod Nations cnd noutrul nationals.
.
Undor both progrc.ms, the origin",l nnnounooment stl'.tod thf'.t the
oporntion and lI1!;mc,goment ot:proportio seligiblo for ,decontrol.. but not
so docontrollod, Vlould be turhodovorto tho!.iorInC'.n Govornmental Prop~rty
Control c.uthor itio s on 1 J€,.nu".ry 1948 (in thoce.se of proportie s in which
tho applicr;nt had '€ . mr']Or.ity inteI:'o'st)" or"1 Me.roh 1948 (in t~e 'cnso of il
proportio s in which tho (.\pplicc,nt hcd a minori tyinte re st). HO~lOvor, onl
30 Docomber 1947 Militc.ry Governmont c.nnouncod th.:-.t tho proposod turnove,r
to Gornu:m' a.uthoritios wt'.spostponod until 31 Murch 1948.
~
Seo Annox VIII
-22
�"!,.- ~ .
~;,:!:; , '.;:
-' ..! '
'
';;,J:..,:
..
. On 21 November 1947. ·t;h&deeOfttrolpl"O~re:mwe.se~ndQd tOB,pply t6 ox
enemy property in tho U"'. S.. Zono on .tho samo basis as othor foreign-ov'110d. .
· propertios. Therofore, tho proport;ias of nationo.1s of tho foll'owing countri:;;
could now b.o dooontrollod:· Italy, RoUMnia., BU,lga.riEt I · and Hungary. Finland I
· also fall into this catogory b.ocauso, althQue;h not an onemy of, tho. U. ·S.,
it vms 8: "nation at v~a.r with' ono' of the UriitQd Na.tions".
'
.
.'\
.
.
.
.
Ea.rly in January 1~48,· the ontirQ dQQontrol programwae roviewed, ~s .'
, vary few ovmor:.i of .proportio s hadte..kon advantage o'f tho docontrol program,
Tho results offioldinvostig~tions indicat.. d tnat'j;hodolay, was dub too.
nu.mbor of factors: '
.
Poor ro sults onpublieity,
Reluctance on the part of tho .ovmors
Objection by sOIl1G.o'l'lilors to' tho' form
Cost of custodian;Ship. u~dor Military
'Boliof that ProportyContro1 custody
a.ftar deoontrol.
to accQpt thcrosponsibility:
of reloa\,e u/boingtoo ,broad,
GQvernmont Yvail low,.
offcrod protoction, not'lire,sont i
i
.'
To ovorcomo soma: of tho so objection! and to ",:x:pedito th? d~control
program, ovary offort was mtidQ to gi YO mora publicity.'to the) progrc.m thrcugl i
pross 1;010&.805, direct oontactwith o"ifl'lors, tl.nddiroe,t contact with 1IHit£'.d
.
. 1'iiuions and Consulates. To~voroomo tho objoctions'to tho form of releaSE;
· steps ,roro iakon vlhieh resultod in liborali.r:.ing tho' fom. so that notary
foos 'would bo lowered :.a.n.d in changing tho language i~ 'tho rolcQso form to'
Dike it mora specific •. Prov.idon vmsaho made permitting own~rs to list·
spocifio excoptions, by way of
bill of particulars to· thGl. rEllo£'.soform.
The ontirorcloasofcrm was rQviewed vlith ropro sentativQ I of il.merice.n -.
bus"iness organizations; and substantial agrooment was roo.ch6d.
I •
a
In Juno 1948 the decontrol' program still "ra.s not mooting 'i.:ith tho d.o
gree of succo ss do sirod. In,ordor to. Qxpodito tho program, .various' recom
mendations vl'Oro mado to, und·"o.pprovod by~ tho ~b:ilitury .Govornor.. Theso
rocommondo.tion,s ,",Orot '.
..
That no mora proportios in this c£\tagory would bo takcm. undor eontrol;'
excopt in oaaos w~?,re i1irropcrablo harmll "'Iould result.
.'
.
.
ThC:lt ovmerswbuld .bo toid to corrospond dirGctly with tho cUstodian
und that Gorman Property Control Authority would OG pqrmittod .to 'pass
legislation provid~ng f"r tho ch:::.rging of fOos to '9ovor . the 'eost of super- .
vising thOso proparlies.·
i' .'
a
'.
.
.
.\,
"
.,
All owners of propertiosstill remaining undo'r control woro sont lot-
tors indica:j;ing the above p~)licy •. On 14 Soptombor 1948, tho Ministors
. Prosidon~ ·of the vuriou~La.onder woro ·liuthorizedto havo legisle.tion onacted
for tho charging of faos to cover the. cost of suporvision 'by the GGrmc.n
.
StutoProporty Control ,Autlioritio s.
.
'
.
tluring~h€l lr.tter half ',of .1948 some improvomont .....u.s notieoci •. Howover ,
l
ro'sults still romained, unsatisfactory. Thoprogr(;',m\vas E'.ge..in rovio,vod and
spoeifiesteps taken to assu,.ro tho suooess of tho ilLiQ4-idn-t;ion Program·.
I.
A complete review of.allab-sonteo ovmodproportios under control indicatod
· thl2.t they could . be. broken.. dOYJll into spf.leifie :l1lajor groupt\ as follows;
I.
.
.
.
~
Proporties of absontoe Germnn
.
.
OVJllors
"<Those addrol5s 'i;,ns,'unknovm:;
.
Propertius 'Valued 'at'less, than DM 10,000; .
P~opertie~vrilu.ed in ~xoess o'f'DM 10,0001
of
0.
Properties ,of' absonteo o'wners which Yfero taken undorcontrol. because
min()rity' (less tho.n 507~) interost .in said property;
Hon-income pl"oducing proportie,s.
-23
.
�Disposition of Progorty of Absonteo Gernw.n cr..me'rs Uh~~~4ddr?ss
1'lo.S
Unknovrn
Soction, 19H, of the aOrrnz.n Civil Cod; ,provides D.sfGl11ows; ,
,
.
~,
'
,
"For an absont person of full legal ago vmoso' re sidenco is nnknown, 0.
curo.tor; in o.bsontiumwill be appoint<;;d in 'Qrdcr; to mClnt,go th0 property of
tho I:'.bsont p'erson in cnse tho property needs such curlitorsh~p.1I
i<"rom tho r.bove itcD.~ be seen thc,t GOl"Illan l(:..v~ providos a.mple protection
for this ol:'.tcgory of property. Pr.operty Control Fioli:'! Officos ''lore, there
foro, instructed to me.kc uppropri~toarrangements with the proper German
Court !lu,!:horitie s for the, a.ppointment of D. curator in c.bsontium for ec.ch of
such, properties. By tho end of Jo.mi'siry 1949. 0.11 of, such propertios he.d
boa'll trtmsforrod to the ,German,Courts.
'
Dispos~tion
of 'Absentee
0"{fned'Properti~3
Vc,luod at Less than Il{ 10,000
It,Tmsfound, thc.t ,of c,ll E:'.bs(mtoe owned propertios rema.ining undol' con
trol 'as of 31 December 1948,' more thD.n 507; ,vorepropertios vduod ,c.t loss
thc.n D11:10,OOO., Tho proposal was, thereforo, lllC'.do und e.pproved'thut 0.11
c.bsento€l o'.medproperties vc.luod 'at lossthr,n DM 10,000 be reloc.$od'to
agents or rolo.tives \I(ho wero in custody of tho property nt. tho timo1t Vlo.S
to.kon undor control c.nd 'who continued to heve' the confidence ot" the oV'mar.
On 7 April 1949# 0: progrc.m providing for tho relof~se of such proportios
undliJr ,the cbovo-mentionod torms VfC.S o.nl'louneed. A11ot';rners Vlare notified
of the action to-ken., They "(Jere further notified thr.t, certain propertios
in this Cc.tCigory, "'ihich could not bodisposed of under this progr,nm,wQuld
be turnod ovor to custodicms' in c.bsontium e.PPointedby 'Germc.nCourtsonl
, June 1949. It i'ms felt thr.t this procedure ;;o.s equitable mid would result
, ~n 0. fnr sIll£liler burdon on the' German Court system.
Disposi't!.ion of Absentoe Owned
Proporti~s
Valued ili Excess of DJ:i 10,000
"
.
In Mtly 1949, Genero.l Ordor liio. 4' y,T.S issued pursu~.mt to Milit('.ry
Governmon~ Law No. ,52. This Order provides for tho trunsfor ,of property
tr.ken under control, sololy b;;r reuson of, absentee QvrnershiIt to 'cust6difo'.ns
in ubsentium e.ppointed by Gorman Courts wherever c.n o"A'ller he.d not npplied
toldlit~.ry Government for the docontrol of such profJOrty in :ncco'rdt.noe
'with lIilitary Governmont procedures. On 2 i..my 1949 tho Directors of
Mili to.ry Govornment for the LD.ender1.'lere instI')lcted to hc.vE/owners nd
Til/od individunlly' of thi s procedure o.nd giVdn an opportunity to deeol'lt:r:o~'
their,proportyby 1 June H)49. Properties notso decontro+led' aroto bo "
trt'.nsi'errod to custodit{ns in absehtium under the tarms of Ganer!:'.l OrderNo~
4.
pisposi ti~of ~ariorit~,.!l:!.~~e s~.,..::>_f Absent~e..Ov~~~
. A number of lorge. properties undorcontrol# ,.it wo.s found" WorE) ,to.lcan
under control to protoct mi'nority absentee ('"mod int~rests. On 23 .May 194,9,
Gene:ra~Licenso No. 16 "'rc,.s issued pursuant ~oMilitE'.~Governmen·1; La:w ~\[o. /'
52, i:~rhl.ch o.nnblo s C'.b sentee .o.'I<'mersof stock l.ntero sts l.n GerllW.n anterprl. so s
to oxerciso their voting rights in lllU,ch the seano manner e.s they' were pxor-:
cisad prior to hostilities. Absentee holders of minority interosts (less /'
tha.n 50%) in Gorman ol;lterpripes were c.dvisod th,:'.t thoproperties:vwuld be
roleasod from Miiitc.ry Government control by 20 June '1949. They woro
I
further advised of the contents of Genernl Liconse No,. 16. Such properties
v/ero releasod to tho mc.ne.goment choson, by the majority ovrners.'
Disposition of Non-In2..?!n.e.,~EC:.~~?~i.~g,,~_:r:~E~_rtios
,
i/.
A numb~r of properties in this cC'.togorywore non-incomG producing C'.ncl.
,
consisted of such items' as vacant lc.nd, bomhed-qut, buildings, 'etc. As
II
these properties could. be adequately protected by blocking control, Propetc,,'
C'ontrol Authoritie,s were instructod to SGO thd ndequ!?to note.tion of t'.bsoi~to0
o,mership and blocking vros placod on the Lo.nd Registers. Such propertie s
were then released from cont':'01 c'
'
-241"
�',"
.1
"
Number· nnd Vc.luo of United No. tiona ['.rid OtherAb~imtcQ Oiynod P~o~crtio s
Undor' Control c.t Vt\"rious Dc.tos to 30 Juno 1949
Dnto,
31 December 1945
39. June
1946
31 Docomb(Jr 1946
50 Juno 1947
31 December 1947
30 Juno 1946
·31 Dooombor 1948
30 Juno 1949
. Number of 'Units
-"""--~-- .
Estimc.tod VC1.1uo in RM
571,593',311
1,286 '
. 8,015
10,693
12,331
13,842
,1; 265,918,000
• 1,67~, 230,490
2',045,700, i19
2.. 194.. 402,636
1, 623,Sll,0~4
1,099,686,378
233,230,092
14,463
10,735
3,048
Of tho 3,048 propertios rorru:.ining undor oontrol in'this cc.togory C.s of
30 Juno 1949~ ~ppr,oximntoly 200 VIOra in the procoss of boing' doco.l1trol1od.
Those romcoining c~ro iin tho procoss of boir.\g trr::.nsforrod to custodinns in
c.bsontium under tho' Gormc.n Court system. .It is ostiml"'.tod th(:,tc.ll of thoso
propertios will bo reler.sod from control prior to 31 August 1949.
Export of HoulSQhold' and
Persona~ 'Effoets'
In Llily 1948 a program. vms announced pr'oviding for the eXp,or:t from tho
U. S. Zono of porsonal affoots and household .goods which 1'rere ownod by
rGs~dents of countries outsid,e 'of Gc;mnany, provided thE\t satisfaetory proof
of ownership prior to 8 1,iay 1945 could be establis.hed, 'that. the property
,
was not subjoct.to external or internc.l restitution, and toot no parson'
in Genilany h£'.d, any oV'll1orship interost in the property or cb.ims ',in thG
nature of lions !;Igainst th~ property. This relaxation of .tho export
rer,:ulz.tions d'i'd not extend to cOJllIll.orcialarticles or' itoms whieh are
oonsidered a part of the Go~mnn cultural horitage.
Polish Prope::..!~~
Under the Garman Ordinance of 17 September 1940, 'a groat mnny"Polish
properties were confisoated by Gat:'man governmol:),talauthoritios. Due ,to
this ,unusUal.step by the, Gol"'JIlan. authorities, ,many difficulties, havo ",.risen
in t~€l treatment 91' Polish propertio Ii by U. S'. Property Control agoneie s.
Numerous r,equests have been recoived from the Polhh Military)Ussion
requesting thut thoU.S. Decontrol Program bo. applied to the Polish prop
ertics under control.
Unlil<:e most other United Nations propertie s whieh vvore' placod under
. control solel~by reason of absentee ov.,rpership pursuant to paragro.ph 1 (f)
of Hilit~.ryGovernment 1e.w No. 52"
Polish propertiasoonfisce.ted under
the Garman Ordinance of 17 September .,1940 were tc.ken undor control pur
sue.nt to parngrc.ph2' of 'rJIilitary Govornment Law No. 52 •. They could not,
thoreforo, be rGleasedunder the Decontrol Program but could only b.ore.
turnild after' the disputed'tit'le was settled under the provisions of
Iv1ilitary Government Law No. 5.9,
which provides for the rostitution of
identifiable propertyto.ken from their oymer}. by -wrongful aots ofo.on-.
fiseatlon, dispossession, or spolictj,on ll • Properties of Polish nc.tionc.ls
. were 'treated the se,me as properties of othor United Nations nlJltionals,
but, . due to the fact 1;;h&t such proporty''TO,s not .under control solely for
the reason of absentee ol"lnership, the decontr,ol procedure e.ciuld not v.pply.
The 'Decontrol Progrt\m pert~dns only' to p~opertie s which .were ple.ced under
control solely by reason of 89sentee o'VImership" and no other reason' for
control exists.. It was pOin,tad out to the Polish authorities that this
procedure wf:'.s neCO sse.ry' -in order to f~.irly detennino the que stion of;
profits, demagos, and rights of purch0.sers in good io.ith, ill~.smuch a:!
certain prop~rtios in th~s, ce.tegory were taken for li logitimcte 4il raasons
:recognised.under·Interne.tional Law •.
Y
y
Sao Annex VIII.
See i.nnox XII
�"t;"'(' '
:,.~' \.~ ",1;~'"
,.,-' ','
,)"f,;i.:
.
...
,~~
.
'
,
Troc,tmant of Prop~rty on Which Hortgr.~, Are Hold ~l N~~h of tho
Unitod lhtfons and .N~utrml Govornmonts - -
Such property ,ms only taken into control whontho following ~vo con
ditions·oxistoa:
-~'~'hon
tho circumstc.nces involved 'Woro such the.t taking the property into.
Control custody WC.s necessary to protect tho intorosts of nntionc.ls
of United l~c.tions und neutr~.l governments.
Prop~rty
Y{hon tho vc.lUQ of the mortgo.ge is in substc.ntial proportion to tho
prosont vc.luo of tho property, a.g., 65 peroont or mOroof tho presont
ve.luat1.on. In this oonnoction, the instructions to tho field poin'cod out
tht\t Proporty Control Wo.s not to be oxorcilSod OTor proporties not import::mt
or valuable onough to warrant control.
i"pglico.tion o'f Lc.nd Ro.form Lnws to United Na-;iona c.nd Nou~rc.l. ProEort:i;,El.,!.
Thoro c.ro El large number of proportiOl of com~idorC\blo sito ownod by' .
people residing outside of Gcrro..'1ny .,yhioh wcro r:-.ffeot(()d by the vnrious Lc.n~
Re form Laws in the U. S. Zono •. ..(:..1 though the se laws sometime s c.dvo rse ly
effected the rights of absontee owners, HilitElry Govornment took tho posi
tion. thet such property is subjoct to the lElwlJ of the stuto in which it is
looe.ted. Therefore, Hilitc-.ry Governmont doo snot prevent the' opero.tior. of
tho Lr.nd Reform Lc.w in such cc,scs.
..
i1ppointm.ent of Custodians for Hungnrio.n ProEQrthl s
The HUngc.ricn Restitution Commission requaste~ Property Control to pl~Q~
Hungarian properties into. the custody of Ibngo.rian disp1c.eed porsons(DP.' s)l
8tmilnr requests hnvQ been receivod from other nctions. In the Hungarian
cnse, howevor, the lIunga.rio.n officials charged thet the GOl'1l1C.n .custodicms·
were guilty of negligence a.nd waste. ~i. date.Hed investigEltion WC.s me.de
covering a.. period of o.pproxilllli'.tely one month, nnd the oht.rges were found,
in D. lo.rge pa.rt, not sub~tnntio.ted by the tacts. On 10 Jcnua.ry 1941 three
members of the Hungnrio.nClaims Commission viaited the Property Control
Officer in Ragcnsburg CI.nd offered their apology for he.ving complc.inod.
Tho Hungc.rio.n o.uthoritie s were informed thr.t, although in mc.ny instr.ncecs
Hungo.rio.n DP's were c.ppointod custodia.ns, installed Germa.n custodians
who continued to do a. conscientious job oould not bo disohargod by
M1litury Government.
Uorctorium on Foreign Investments
.
Y
Eilitcry Governmont: Lc.w No. 52
prohibits trc.nsfor of property of
o.bsentoo owners of non-Gormnn nntionc.lity including United Nations c.nd
nou~rnl governmonts, except where c.uthorir;od by lvIilitnry Government. Milii
tnry GOVElrnplent Law No. 53
prohibits, without lioanse issued by Hilitr'1~
Government, trc:.nsc.otions in Gernmny for or on bohe.lf· of c.ny person outSid~I'
of Gel"Illany. Leeordingly, United StEltoB Militc.ry Govornment c.uthorities . I.
have not permitted the trcnsfar of propart,yof foreign nationals or goverl
ments, or the ncquisition or any intorosts by thom. This policy did n~t
o.pp1y to tho receipt of lege.oios.
.
Y
Property Control roceived a number of inquiries requElsting permission
to re~ncquire properties wrongfully tukl;)n from fonnor ovmors or permissio~
to rep1nce former propertics ro'moved ·for repl:'.rc.tions in other Zones, or
destroyod.
Enrly in 1947 Military Govornment modifiod tho abovo procedure ns
follows:· npplicntions for speci!:'.l liconso wore considered o.nd Elpprovd.
grc.ntod, if the proposod investment WI:'.S for tho purposo ot aithor re
construoting oxisting property or w('.s to Toplc,co essentinl property, lost
t,.; . the ownGr for any reco.son .sinoe 1939, but similc.r in cht'.rc.etor. It
:
ji
y
.
.
S"do
8013
'
~
.......
;~nn6~ vrrt.
Annex IX~
�•
.i q9 ..-:
RePR~DUCeD AT T~ NATIO~~ ARCI4IV;~'~R G .
, " 1,
Entry
,
:rerZ. cU\tIV S5erTL~e1Ji
CP)lAj..{!'~(~'"
6 M(i(J ~
, 1 ' 22w<t {'tov7't ~t"
FiIe'? e.o~, ct.>\.lw*t ~Wr'h{
Box
3
!
,n c'~O
,. wO.s i'urthor providod thr.t tho purchnse of property tor roplnooment hndto
bQ in GQrmCl.ny,thr,t only Roichsmc:.rk bo.lnncas t:'.lroc.dy in Gormc..ny wero to be
usod in mnking tho purchnso, and thc.t tho proposod invo~tr:l.ont would not
h~vo the offoct of putting tho applicnnt into c. suporior position in tho
pc.rticulr.r industry concorned to the. t .which he occupied in the industry
. in 1939, and thnt the proposed construction would not violc,to pres~nt
lovel of industry'plnns. ''':'iJplicntions for spooific lioonse! with rospect
to properties undor control wore to be oodo through ~Ulitc.ry Governmont
,Property Control' nuthoritios. This procodur:o ""1t'.s.le.tor ohr..nged so thc.t
,appliontions woro to be forwnrdod through Go~n Property Control nuthori
ties.
Effoct of Currency Reform on
Prop~rty Con~rol
i:..rticlo XV of IHlitnry Govornmont Law l{o. 6~ "3rd Law for Monotc,ry Re-'
formlfprovidos th.".t United N('I.tions nntiono.le mo.y roi'uso tondor of pC'.ymont
in Deutscho l!l,'lrks. of Roichstru:'.rk dobts owod to tham in Gormc.ny, or object,
by declarntion to tho debtor, to tho convgrsionof suoh dobt into Deutsche
mnrks. Such retusn1 of tondor of paymonts ordiolCl.rntion ot objoction to
oonversion had to bo mado on or boforfJ 20 Il.ugust 1948 (lntor extendod to
20 Novombor 1948). 11,000 Units of properties ownod by Unitod Nations
no.tiono.ls wora undor control at tho tilOO. i)' substc.ntinl numbor of said
propertio S o.nd ownors ho.d Raichsmo.rk debt's owi.ng to thom in tho form of
mortg~gos, current dobts contr~ctod in tho normo.l courso of businoss, ate.
Tho lo.w, briefly, pormits thusoUnitod Nntians .national.s, \vho o.ceeptod
tondor of paym~nt in Doutscho mr:.rks, to reoovo r the amounts ov.. .od to thom
on the be.sis of ~ Doutsoho marks for ovo,ry 100 Roichs!Ilnrks. The c.ccopto.nco
of such tondor, hO"fovor, so.tisfiod the debt in i'ull, cmd tho UXiited Nr.tiorils
no.tionD.l involvod was procludod from ovor rocovoring in oxct:)ss of the.t. u- I
pount. On tho othor hc.nd, .thoso Unitod No.tions nutionals ,mo rofusod
tonder of paymont in Doutsoho marks would hew to o.waita general sottlo
mont undor r. penco troaty.Prosumably a gonorul settlomont would be at
hast ns advo.nto.geous 0.5. tho torms of tho 1n...
Sinco tho deoision to oxercise or not to axorciso the option undor
e. profound affect upon. cortain properties undoroon~1
trol, all custodians wore instructed to mnko overy oftort to obtain statoL
ments of preforence from tho ownors. $u.ch form lettors were fonvr.rded to
tho Lund Dirootors of Military Government for appropriate distribution.
.t~rticlo XV would. have
Pnimonts to Rolt:'.tivosof Unitod No.tions Nntione.h
Cartnin hnrdships on dependant rolntivos of .foraign rosidonts. woro n,il
lovio.ted by Genorn1 Licenso No. 13 issuodpursuCl.nt to lvlilitr.ry Govorn:mon~1
Lc.w No .. 52 (o.lso known as Genar!'.l Licenso No.1 to Militr.ry Govornment Lr-:I~'l
No. 53). Undor this liconse tho UnitfJd Nction or neutrcl rosident wns I
pormitted to pr>.y out of his bank aocount in Gorm..n.ny !:'~ounts up to 300 mis/,
per month to rol('.tivos in oithor tho U.S. or tJ.K~ j;'l'on of Control. ~..p ..
proprinto instructions wore issuod to Proporty Control o.uthor1tios in the
t'iold.
I
il.dministrt'.tion of
Prop~rty
Utilizod 'by InfOrmAtion
Contro~
ana mojor problom which cont'rontedMilitcry Govornment wns tho quostion
of tho extent to" whieh nowspo.por liconsees could be protectod in thoir P1bs- .
session of nGwspapor printing plnnta, whioh 'Wero sobod c.t tho end of ·1
hostilitios~ put undor Military Governmont ;Property Control e.nd thnn lee.lead
to aertc.in nowspo.per lieonsQo s C'.pprovod by Inform.c.tlon Control authori tib~.
. .
. .
' .
II
Undor existing Militc.ry Government policios, dirootivos, otc.~ovori'l;f
effort W!:'.S mc.do to obtninlong torm lOMes •. V)l\ere ~omer O\'I1lors roi'use~i
to nogotiete, mandntory lonsos were onterod into. PnymfJnt of e.f0.1r r.orntnl
wns required with provision forrovision of rental foos •. Such lonsos 0..
1
pormitted to run on until l'nt.'1turity i~tispoctivo of tho fr.ct thr.t a fo~r
Nazi oVl'llor mny l:l.n.ve boen t;iven e1oaro.nco under Denazificntion 1C'.ws. Most
lef'.ses run until C'.pproximc.tely 1955.
°
-27..
�Box
3
PROPERTIES OF THE GERl{AN REICH.
Li~NDER,
ProVINCES,
ANDPOLrTIC':X StmDtVI3ION3 ·TEEREOF
.
Properties of the Germe.nRaich were taken into control imrsue.nt to
'
Artiele I, p£\rar;:raph 1 (a), ,of· Militt'.ry Government Lm"; l~o. 52.]) Due to th .
faot thf'.t Reich properties were so extensive, it was not possible for MilitdJry .
Government to aate-blish control over all thasepropertiell with the ewai1abl~
personnel,. nor wt.s it felt necessary in [;11 hUltances t.o do so. By fCLr the II
lcrgest group of properties in this cctegory .~s not tnk~nunder control be~
ct.usa property such as the Reichsbo.hn, Reiehspost,· t:'.nd 'Inlc.nd ':'fnter '~~~\y
systems, and properties used to house or fClcilitc.te functions of the former
Reich government wore either under supervision of other interested Ercmches
of lI1i1ite.ry Govar~msntor were used 'by the various Lnender for [~overnmental
purposes.
Reco~~endntions
on 26 ..J!o.rc
for Disposition
1946
~~de
b
It wns the feeling of the Property Disposition BOt~rd th0.trespons ibi1~it:/
for custody of Reioh properties which I?re not being used by the Oocupc.tion • '
Forces should be placed in thG Land governmonts. These includo 0.11 ROich
governmont buildings, most of which ware not taken into ProportyControl
custody as tho properties could,be used in the oonduct of such assential
governmonto.l functions ns me.y be c.uthorized by the Control Council.
It wes further rocommanded thet government buildinGs nnd fo.cilitios
which l'llEIy notba used in tho conduct of Gssentic.l govornmontc..l funetions,
such ns properties of tho GarIlJ!:'.n~~nnod Foro/ili Suprome COI!lln.cnd. Gorman ~l.I'my,
Nnvy, l~ir Forces Ic.ndcomponents, should bo under control of' tho Zono Com- '
mc.nders. Tho mostfoD.sible solution a.ppao.rod to boto hcvc title. vostod
in the Lnnd govermnonts, with tho undorstc.nding thr',t tho proporty'be used
by the Lc.ondo'r or sold for c,griculturc.l purposes, sohnob, housing projects,
'etc. Tho income trom tho usa or so.10 of this proportyby the L~nd govorn~
monts, it wes rocomnendod, shouldbo usod for publio oduontion, wolfnro,
end similc,r projocts' unloss the f'inc.ncinl structur~ of Go:rm.".ny required
tho fund s e 1 sowho ro •
. . •
non~govarrullontt'.l
I' ,
Ultimo.to disposition of Reioh prop;rtics,
in nnture
but nc.tioncl in scopo, such as tho Roichsbahn, Post, Tologruph end Toloph0~o,
Radio Stctions, the Roiohsbcnk nnd cort:::in public utilit;1o s, vms to d0p'Cl:loJ
upon futuro quC'.dripc.rtite action.
..'
II
";jith roforonco to Roich-ovmod business ontorprises, 'it was recommondod
thc.t thoso ,hioh wero not dostroyod or romoved as 'repc:.ro.tion,sshould bo JI
trunsforrod to the Lnonder for interim,custody. It. WC.1i turthorfolt 1;hLt,
if tho Lend he.d no usa, for such onterprises, they should bo sold CIt publi8
nuction or by nogot1o.tod so.lo.
TrC'.~sfor of R~sponsibility tb 'Gorlll.r..n ....uthorities
In line with l'iilitcry Govornmont policy of' tra.nsforring rosponsibili,ty
to Germcn cuthoritias, thoso propertios bolonging to tho ROich, Prussian
Sto.te, atc. which hcd bean takan into oustody byU. S. Prop~rty Control
authoritios were transferrod to vnrious Gormnn Leander Property Control
ne;oncia s during tho latter :lC'.lf of 1946 for purpo:sos of custody and c.dmin
istrc.tion. 1.19 ste.ted abovo, the largo mc.jorityof Roioh, Prus:sic\n Ste.ta,1
oto.propartieB 'WOro not taken into custody:~ The Roichsbnhn, Post,·
Tologrnph o.nd Tolephone 'IIIoro undor tho suporvision of the Transport
Division and tho ConununioC'.tions Brnnch of tho Intornnl ~~ffnirs cmd
Communice.tion Division. Roiohsbo.nk disposnl had to o..vmit, c. Fino.nco
Division ~ecisiQn fa to tho futuro .o'f <1ormr\n bnnking.
]) Soo ll.nnox VIII.
�,
Box
'I[
3
ProbloIllS Concorning This T;ypo of Property·
Y
Control Council Proclc.mt.tion No.2, Seotion Vi pnro.grnph 14,
stQ.tos
tru'.t thlO disposition of tl').o title to the proparty ot tho Gormr..n Reich;. its
politie['.l sub-divisions; atc. is a. ror..ttor .for tho Control Council~ Control
Council La.w No. 46
c.bolishos tho St2.to of Prussin. .nnd 'providos thr'.t tho
c.saots will be trc.nsforrod to tho a.ppropric'.ta Lo.onder; subjoct to such (',groo
mants ['.s rnr:.y bo necossc.ry r.nd :tn.:'.do by tho .i..lliod. Control ~I.uthority. Duo
to tho bro!:'.k-dovm in qua.dripc.rtitQ nogotic.tions .in tho oorly pc.it 6f 1948,
tho noeosl5C'.ry ngroomGnt wns npt roo.ohod.
Y
In viow of tho C'. bovo I tho rooommondr.tion :V-lCS mndQ in tho Liquidc. tion
Progrr.m the;t cortr.in proportio.s in this cC'.togory should. be diSposod of
unilntoTC'.lly c.long tho lines proviously rocomondod by tho Prop~rty
Dispc'dtion Bnnrd •.
Prosont SitUAtion
.
On 20 Novembor 1948~ Milite.ry 'Govornmont><Lo.w No. 75, "Roorgo.nizntion
of Germr.,n Coal c.nd Iron nnd Stoal Industries!,; y'wr:.e promulgntod. This
lo.w dispososof tho intorestsof tho formor Reich or Prussia.n Stc.te in oom
pll'.nios (mgngad in tho uforomentioned industrios •.. Tho l~w furthGr provided
for transfer of those propertios :to tho US/UK Coel Gro~p, pondinf:~ final
disposition. To dcto, the Coal Control Group·lw.s not boon willing to 0.0
capt rosponsibility for these properties ns ,providod for under il!ilitr.ry
Govornment Lr.w No. 75.
.
..
.
.
.
.
After months of; work; Milit'ury GovernlllOnt Lhw lio~ U ~ vre.S prol1lulgatGd.
Thi s lo.w provides for the disposition of properties .in th o U. S. l:..roo:>. of
Control, Gormcmy, inclue.ing the U. S. Sector of Berlin,iiThich bolongod to .
tho formal" GormAn Reich end to tho former Gorman Stctos, Lc.ender or ProvinoolS,
including tho St".ta, of Prussia.· For purp0l$es· ofclt'.rifict.tion of title, . ·11
suoh properties vosted in llilitt'.ry Governmont end titlo wns thon inimodif:'.toly
trcn:forrod to tho Lc,onder. in which tho propert'y wne locc.ted • . Title to
proportio s ~.ffo cted by tho It'.V1 wn s transferrod to tho L.".nd in "rhioh tho
proporty 'wns locntod, providinG eithor, for outright o.vnorship by tho
wender; or for ~ki'nGtheI:ltruGtC'Qs fer tho Foaorul .Gcrnr.n .Stnto ,-'hen
formod; or for trndo unions, oooperatives, politioc.l p!:'.rtiolt or other
domoorntio orgr.nizations, i f such proportios he.d boon t!'.k<m i'ror:1 them by
the f<;>rmor Garmc.n Govornrnont. Corte,in brondenetin6 proport1os of tho
Reichspost wero tr;'nsforrcd to public service broe.doe.sting institutions
:in eaoh Lo.nd, orgr.nizod pursuc.nt to Oormcm law. Privc,toly owned intorosts
in o.ny proportyaffeoted by tho ln~ i¥Oro·to bo dault. vdth in futuro
logislntion npprovod by liilit:..ry Govornment.· Tho 10,,. furthorprovidod
thc.t tho futuro ':Jo'storn Gorm..'\n Fodor::,.l G6vc:rnmont '[;.'£..y sot (',ddo ~,ny dis
positions of prop~rty to tho Germt.n k.endor !!l.t\do by tho lnw, in er.sos
of conflict botvroon 1'1ilitc.ry Governr.lOnt Lnw No. 19 (',nd tho be.sic low
of tho futuro ':ostorn Oormr.n Ste.to.
I .
Th9 uncort,:.inty of titlo of mc.ny of thoso proportiQi so'rioualy rotOordod
tho dovolopmdntof mnny phc'sos of tho Go!"rl1C'.n oconoI!l.ic position. Ropr.irs,)1
rohubilitntion and~omodoling woro not attonptod by pl3rsons without titlo~
or Il.ss.urnnCG of titlo nnd tho most bonoficinl utilbn.tion of such, proport~cs
vms provontod. Examplos nro tho numerous lc.ndsoftho formQr ·Uorhmf'.eht I
which wero '''011 suit"d to c.griculturc.l uses. but which were not proporly' i
devolopod bocnuse tempor~ry occupants vroro unwilling to me.ko substnntinl.
improvor:1onts undor existingoonditions. It is hopod th2.t tho. now If'.w
will pormitthe Luondor to Il'IE.ko outright soles of Such propertios and
grec.tly benant tho Gorm..'1n liconomy.,
Sao ,Annox XIV ..
Soe Lnnox XIX,
Soo Spocic,l Report of tho Nilit(;'.ry Governor "Ownorship o.nd Control
of the Ruhr Industrios·', Novomber 1948
Soo .i~nnox XXII.
�.. ,
Properti~sproporly used f·)r occupc.tion purposos .Vlore to rOIll£'.in undolj
requiSition until rolet'.1.s<1, c.lthough title press.od t~t onco to the IR.ondor oir
other dod!,;nc.ted rocipients~ Trc.nsfors of pr9Po.rtyundor tho lc:w woro to
bo mr.de by the Minister Prosidontof ·oc.ch Le.nd, (in Bremon, the Prcsid~nt
of tho Sonnte; in Borlin, by thE) Oborbuorgormoiater) or such officic.l"s ~s
they mny' nnmo •. l.1.1thoughtho . ('.ret. spocified by tho lr.w includos .only thG
U. S. 11.rco. of Control,' Gernii:-.ny, tho, la.'l{ provido s. for enlc.rgemont o:f the
specified ai-Qr. to include tho British c.ndFronch Zon.o s in tho evant of
onc.ctmol1t of similr-.r legislntion in' snid zones.
.
Articlo X of thG le.v! exomptoq'certain propertios from opor~tion of
tho lc.w,such r.s proporties ovmad diroctly or indirectly by tho Go.rint.n
Re ich ~md usod 'for, or in connection with, the production, .dhtribution
~~nd. oxhibition of mc;tionpicture fibs;. t.nd proportie s of tho iron, steal
· o.nd .conl industrios disposod of under Militnry Govornment .Le.w No. 75 •
.As of 30 Juno 1949,' E'.lmost 0.11 propor.tioB subject to Hilitt.ry Govor~
mont Lnw Iii). 19woro reloc..sed from~on.trol pursu.ant to enid law.· 8inc.o ,:
pr.omulgntiol';). of tho lnw en 16 J ..pril 1~49' tiJ30. Juno 1949, 4,454.units of .
Gernw.n Stc.te proportios ve.lued nt [l.J.;proxirric.toly DM 3,000.000,000 1kJ1"CI rOj
lot:'.sod from contr:)l. Thoso properties exempted from tho lr.w ure rocoivin b
· speckl uttontion. Decartoli. it\tion [).uthoritios c\ro nov. worltinl$ on n .
I
specie.1 lr.w providing for the fin('.l disposition of .tho U.F. J\.. ()iloving
Picture Indust'ry) complex. Properties of. the Gerr:J.C.n Coal, Iron r.nd Steo~
Industrios must' bo rot~ined ponding trnnsfer t~:; the USjuK ConI Group.
I'
.1'L:·:;.ZI P.i.RTY ORG:..NIZi..T I O N S /
Ono of tho most· importnnt tasks of Property Control wns the tc.king into
oustody, until find disposition,of proporties of tho NSDi~
orgunize.~i!,)ri~ .
The gro~test of :such organize,tions was theDl~F(Doutscho .i..rbciitstront orll
GermP,n Lubar Front). ThqsQ prop~rties were taken into oustody originally
under I?uthority I)f JC S/IO 67/6
::?nd thenundor tho .provi.sions of l'!Uitc.ry .1
Government Lew No •. 52
[1.nd~ontrol pouncH Le.w No •. 2.
Tho· propartyl
CO.ntrol Brc.nch, in 1~45, WIlS directod.to c.ssumo. control of pr0po'rtios of .
the Gormnn Lnbor Front (DtI.F) in the U. S.Zono. i.. s an indicntion c·r tho
tremendous nmount cf work involved in this ono ce.togory of property c.lon'o,
,
n brief outline of the Dil.F is' given below. .
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Foundod n.s r. sta.te la.bcr orga.nizo.tion, the DLF, through elininr.tiori
of individual ontorprises, gro'llj uridor NC'.tionn1 Socinlism into n gigc.ntidl
economic empirew~ioh, by politicnl, oconomio, industriC'.l, :::.nd Inbor cd:- .
trol, hnd oclipsedm+-'eny industri£'.l !lnd economic notivit.ios in Gorme.ny.
It ov<.tned or controlled c.pproxim.".tely 15 porcent 0tthc (kjrman eoonony.
Orgi:'.nizo.tion of. the Di~F
The Di:.F (Gol"!ru:m Lnb(;r Front),· Q.·ffiliatEid·v.r,ith the Na.ticncJ. Socinlist
Phrty by ridoc:r:'oe of Hitlorin October 1934. wt'.sthO ins~rU!!leItt by whic~
tho Party exercised control over Gorman vrorko 17s •... Ostenu.bly it WCl:S o.n t:'.11..
i)lclusiva .lc.bor ~nion whioh intag~a.tod into.. o~e orgc.nbc.tion ovary wor~r,
'including those imported from oooupiod countrJ.Els, who. porformod rmy te.sf
in c. .Gorm..'l.n industrialplc.nt. Through c.l'IoriEls of Elxp~nsions,it beoe.n~
infe.ct e.' gigantic onterpri~o v.rh:lchco.ntrolled ·o.vary phD.so of tho. l:i.fo &l1d
. doe.thof tho :(iol'1llD.n worker. Th1-ough ordors from Hitler, £'.11 consumers'j
oooporc.tivos vroro r:.bsorbo.din:to the organizc.tion. To. bring "Strength. I
Through Joy" (Krnft durch. Freude (KdF) ) to. tho Gormnn workors, the l1J'1
.
through ,tho. KdF offices suporvised h'is reorec.tion nnd, to providQ Itsuit.c.~lo·
· rocrention, tho o.!'gD.nizr.tio.n acquired hoto.ls, ste.nmshiP .lino 3, theatersll~
a.nd publishing housos. To provide for this ho.using, o.pc.rtmont house.s
wero constructod, building f'.nd lonn soo'ietio s were o.rga.nizodto f1~C.no51
individu!ll home 5, a.nd insurc.nce oompunios wore oreated 1;0 provido l.nsurr·nee
I
~ovor"ge
y
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'F!
Y
to.ecuro the
lo"~:
E"ch member wos permitted
1:1c.tir,nc.laozia.iistisoho'Do.utscho
GOrt'lD.l;l -:i'orker"s P::1rty)~"
Seo Annox ',II ~
Sao :il.nnox VIII •. ':
'Soa 'AnnQx 1"V •.'
"
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subscribe
fir
~'~rboitor !:a.rtoi (l~nt~"mC'.~, .So.ein~isJ
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�Box
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the purchase of tho Itpeopio"s Cc.r o , to bQ paid for in ,insta.llments c.nd do-,
, livered c.fter pc.ymont wc.scompletad;' :lo Ill<."'.ke the nutomobilic,s, the Vcilks~
1I'.rngon factory 'WE.'.S oonstructod. Modio,a!
wt'.S provided through sub- ' '!
scriptions, the fo.oilities being owned by-the Dt-"F, I:'.nd d8!'.th benefits, werd
paid by the insure.nco compE'.nios ovmoc1 by the Di-F which sold pOlicies to trto
mombors. Due to tho se mrmy ~nter!?tisf)S, what begr.n eso. It".bor union brevi I
into em Iloonomic ,oomplex, thoorge.hization of whioh was briany C'.s follovrJ:
care
, Me.,dod by an office forfino.noEl, industry and oommerce, the Di.\,F' com
mBroic.l hol<:lings were comprised of t·wo' holding compnn,ics' under Which wero
vc.rious ,ronl esta.te properties, the People's C('rFnotory. (VolkS":\!'fI.ganwerk),
a huge rotuil cooperc.tiv:e orgc.nization, c. lr~bor bcmk and 7. subsidieries, '
,~o.ninsurnncegroup of 10 compc..nios, cnd 38 mhoellnneous industrkl c.nn
commercial ocnoerns. Tho vc.lue of this lo.rge orgnnizC'.tionvvn15 plE'.cac. 'by
Ley, tM Reichsle,itorof the D1~F, o.t RM 10,000,QOO,000, tathough r, more
oxc.ct,estimr..ta woul~be eround Hi:!! 3 or 4,000,000,000. iiS with 'other Gerl:n
(mterprisas, estimp.tas of vnluQ'nre only compnrr.tivo, sinca ,thoy C'.ro de
pandant upon tho,over-ull oonditio'n,of theoeonoI1lY.
Tck1nGD~F Proportias into Custody
,
"
Ii list of D.,:':..F properties in tho U. S. Zona wns prepc,ra(~ 'in two pc.rtJ.
Tho firBt Wo.s c. list of 12 m.P.nufc.cturing plcn~s, 10 whcl~snlo supplynrecis,
D.net 1,335 rotail 'outlets of the C?operctive,Plnnt (GemeinsohuftS"V',orl<:) of Ithe
Dl:.F; this po.rt VieS distributed to ,Property Control Offioors' in the fiolc~~
The socond consisted of reel proportios cvmed by, the Vermoegonsyerw£I.ltun '"
('.' holding company of. tho DAF; tho so' ware thendlstributEld to Prop~rty Co~';'
ttbl'Offio(lr~ in the field. Both lists re.Oilita.tO.d th.a tnking'into contXll'Ol
of" such proportias.f
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Of ~ll of tho property in Gor.mnny formorly belonging to the D~~,
approximately 18 perc~nt' (Jf the rel:'.l e~t!'.to r.nd, 20 porcent of the brr.nch
bo.nks are loce.ted in tho l)'. S~ Zone. ,b.lsc in the U.S ... ZODQ e.ra 101' th
10 Di~F insurn.neo compenie sand n negligibloamountof misoolltmoGus Dl>F
industricl and conmorcinl' conoerns. Inva~tig~.tion of tho insurl.''.l1oecom
,pnnios of the Di.F' rovoc:lod extensive propertios that roquired Property
. Control suporvision.
.
LegislctiQn
wt'.~
On 29 ..',pril 1947, Contr,ol Council Directivo No. 50Y
p;omulge.ted. ' '
This Dirootiva provided for the disposition of p.roport y having belonged.llto
Nnzi,orgrmizc.tions listod in' Control Couneil J?roelvA".tion No.2
c.nd II'
Control Council Lo.w No. 2.. 3/ 'This Diroctivo l'lnS. implolOOntod .bythopr~mtll
gntion of' ,Militnry Govornment kw No. ,sa
o.ndthe issunnoecf inploliloAt
, irig instruotions in Juno 1947 ,by the Prop~rty ~ontrol Office, OMGUS, ~ol .
tho Diroctorsof the Iviilit!lry O:ovornmQnt of tho various Ltwndar.
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\'iith rospoct to such propertios -loor.tedin Berlin, Control Counoil
Diroctive No. 50 vms iniplomentod in ii[c.rch 1949. ~'. eonmti/!:sion of fivo ,
'judgos is provided' for, whose duty it is to roview r,.llsuch proportios
end to ,mako recomrnendc.tions for dispoSition to the npproprinto Soot~r,
Prop~rty Centrol offico,s~ fer cpprovnl. ,. Thus, this cntego:r'y of propert!ios
could also'bo rolon5edfrQm control in Berlin Seoter.
I
Implementotion of the Proilr.m
.'//.
~xpro~sOd, .'.rtiele~
It Wo.8 tho purpofsc. of tho Control Council ns
in
II,
III, nnd IV of Control Counoil Diroctivo No. 50
thntcertnin de::::lOcrG'-tic
tmd charito.blG' orgo.nizntions woroto recoive c.11' of tho proporties f0r4-0rly
dovoted to demoerntic r.nd chnritc.bla usos... Duo to tha· fact, ~howovor, ~l'k'\t
See
~'~nnex
XX.
See ';i.nriox XIV.
ie,
Sao i"nne:1C XV'.
Seo .1:..nnex XI.
/
�Dirootive No. 50 provided thRt liquid Ctssets pertr.dning to n oertnin prop rty
woro not to be trc.nsforrod to the orgc,niintlon receiving tho propertios c.bd
o.lso bocnus~ the Directive provided th~~t receiving' orgnnize.tions must o.ss~i:no
corkin finc.ncinl obligutir:ms with respoct to thG proporty~ the, rOCiPientjl
org2.l1izutions refusQd, with wry fow oXQoptions,. to uceopt theproportiesi" '
It vr.;.s tho intention, of courso, thnt cush, noeounts, securitio s, nnd monetr;ry
clc.ims would bo the subjoct o'f inter quadripo.rtite nogotie.tions ~ Duo to ~ht)
broo.kdQ'iVn of those quc.dripQrtito negotic:tions, tho. trc.nsfor of He.zi orgc\J~zc....
1
,tion proportios was at C\ standstill. In Juno 1948, cortnin roco!l1.mondntio hs
Viore lllCldo to and nppr,;vod by tho Militnry Governor to romedy the si tur.tid6.
Briefly, they wero ~s followSl
I
reoomo.ondea tho.~ liquidtlJs&'h. ordloal'lly uaGd in connec
I
tion with the oporation of 0. prop~rty (other than (.'lentr!:'.l funds) be, turned
over to tharoeipient orgnnizntions along with tho proportios;
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2.,
Properties not ('.ccoptod on theso terms, within thrqe months Df
tho promulgation of this change, by tho successor or rooipiont orgctniz.::.tions
were to be transferred pursuant to the terms of Control Council Diroctivd
No~ 50te tho vnriousLc-.endor or Provinco Govornmonts.
~':..ugust
II'
~.ry
I~struc
On 9
1948, lUli
Governmont iSlSUQd en "i..mendmont of
tiona Implementing Militc.ry Government Law lifo. 58 (C.nd Centrol Counoil Di-I'II
reetiw No. 50." This amendm<mt revises in.tructions previou.ly issued
und providos that Military Government may waivo li;.bility of orgc.ni:r.ations
re'caiving property fOrIllE:irly belonging to them, unde,r i~rtielos II or III I!f
Control Council Diroctive No. 50, for the pt'.ymont of debts and nccrotion l
in value of suoh property.
On tho snmode.y, Milit::u·y Govornment i.sued c. lottor, Sub~E)ct. IIUn_
blocking [',nc. Trnnsfor of Prop~rty Referred to in ;.rticlo IX (1) of ,Contr. 1
Council Directive No. 50." This lottqr c.uthorhos tho unblocking [',nd
trr.nsfor to sucoessor organho.tions of socuritios, cc.sh o.ccounts, nnd
monotery claims, 1:lnd tho proc(.lads thereof, providod thct such unblocking
and trr.msfor is in nccordnnce with un approprinto license issued purSUU]'t '
to },jilitnry Governmont Lew No. 52.
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, Notwi thstnnding tho abovo ['.ctions, propcrtie s ~,f certc.in orgnni1:c.tions
not spocifically listod in tho i:"pPQndix of Centrel Council Le.w liTo. 2
Ilro
mo.inod to be disposed of. ';;. cleo.r o.nd, acaily applicnblo tost to doterrn~ne,
vlhethor ~l'l orgnnization fnlls within Centrol Council Law No. 2 c()uldl1()~ be
estab1ishod. Detenminction, thereforo, hud to be mado on tho basis of
portinont fncts which wero bottor known to Ggrtrum nuthorit1os thun to
Militnry Govornmont. .[l.ccordingly, 'ncommittoe compo~od of the Le.nd
C iviliem i~goncyHonds mot and Qcnsidared the doubtful orgrmiz;c.tions. Tllloir
rocornmE:lndations woro reviowed by Hilitary GovernmElnt c.nd, "vi th ~yooxee:ih
tiont!, woro imrnodio.to1y eoncurrQd in. Tho excoptions ware properties of tho
Gorman ,Rod Cross' nnd or' the Roich Food Estc.to (Ro1chs-Nnohrstnnd).
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The Gormnn Red Cross nnd Disposition of Its ProEertiea
The G<ll"IMn Rod Cross :was 0. hugG organize,tion at thG por.k of tho wr.:.k-
offort c.nd omployed ovor hulf c. million 'paid v10rkGrs and o'lmod onormr;usj
assets, composed of moro then 15,000 pt.reols of roal ostate nnd over RlVI
100,000;000 in liquid o.ssets. Part of tho assets wore ovmod by tho
:prnesidium, or Presidency of the Nationel Organigntion, o.nd pc.rt' by the'
local cheptors and sisterhoods of Red Cr')/Ss nurses. Immediately ufter ~hO
occupation, the fundS, of the Praesidium wera b.loekod and, inm£.ny loon~l
ities in tho U. S. ,i:..reo. of Control, lace'.l funds. Wlirec.ls,O. b~oCked.'
I
USFET Direotivo of 7 July 1945. u.[l.dministrc.tion of MJ.lJ.tary Govornment '
in the U. S. Zono ,of Gonnanyfl, Soction VI, pnrograph 6 of Pc.rt II, re1dtin b
to "Publio Heo.1th e.nd Welfare lt , provides:
11
!l
Sae '.nnex VnI.
Soe imnex' Xli ..
�liThe ndminhtrntion of publio v!0lfc.ro will be docontralil'!od to tho
1000.1 Gorllll.ln c(dmil1istrr-,tion, oxcopt thoso fuhctions whioh you doton:line
must bo porformod on c. r0gionnl bnsis~'",
Tho Gormc.n Rod Cross is listod 6.s [",lI'wolfr.rc' c.goncy" in pnrcgrl:'.ph 22 c
of tho "lJ[ilitr.ry Govornmont Tochnicnl M.unuc.l on Public Yiolfurot'. Tho fcro
gcing indicctod tht:t tho Gormr:.n Rod Cross wns no longer to opore.to on its
former n~tionnl lovel, but vms tc ~o de~ontrnlizGd, at lonst to Lc.nd luvel.
Militc.ry Governmont Publio "iolf::-.re r.uthorities porrrdttcd locnl chL:.ptors
to continue (cftor their d0nnzifico.tion) th0ir ,urgently noeded V'lclfc,ro na
tivities, such ns, cnro cmd support of· ill, injured porsons, etc. Sinco
oth~r chnritnble,r01igious nnd wolfnro orgo.nizntions, such ns Cnritnc
V0rb[,nd (Cntholic), Inner Mission (Protesto.nt) nnd ll.rboitervll'Ohlff.'.hrt (L£\borO,
ha.d th0ir funds unblocked nnd wero permitted to OP0ro.tO, Hilitnry Govornment
Fino.noo authorities p~rmitted tho unblooking of locnl Garmnn Red Cross
funds so ns to be c.vnilc.blo for nil nuthorizod purposos. i.:ceordingly,
Property Contrel mudo nvnilo.blo locnl Red Cross fuhds, nlthough titlo to
many prc'portio s still remninod undispo sad of.
In Docember 1937, n Nnt i 1mV' wnspa s sod undQr v,hich the Gorman Red err. s s
roorgc.nizod with c'-viow to bringing it .in lino with tho l~a£i rogimo, e~
tublishing tho dominr'.ting influenoe of tho l~azi P£'.rty in that orgf.'.nizetiol1·
by providing for tho c.ppointment of' tho Presidont 'of the Germc.n Red Cross
by tho Fuhrer. Similarly, nll othor lendjn~positionswero fil1cdby men
r.od woman oonsidorod wholly relil'.blo by tho· Nc.zi Pc.rty nnd nppointod with
tho consent of th0 Gc.uloitor of tho NSDL.P. Consoquently, Milit!'_ry Govern
ment Log!'.l authorities oc.ma to tho conclusion tho.t tho Gormc..n Rod Croes,
us roorgnnizedin 1937 and oporatod under tho Nuzi regime, v~.s uNa,i
institution establishod as c.n "instrument ot P!:',rty dominntirmu. . In this
ccnnecticn, it is to be noted thD.t tho basic tJK'1ndbook of Gormc.nytl, n
lllI.lnuC'.l published by the British Govormoont, lists the Gorl1lt\n Rod Cross
0.5 0. Hnzi orgo.niz!).tion.
·W'12'.s
In viGW I..'f tho [',bovo, instructions were issued t,~ tho Lc.nd Property"
Control nuthr,ritio s to. disposo of Gonru:;.ri Red Cross properties in nccordc.nco
with tho pro"V'isions of Control Council Dirootivo No. 50 c.nd logislr.,tion
c.nd implomonting instructions issuod in connection thcro1'!ith. Thus, most
of suoh proportios 'woro trnnsforroc1 to tho vc.rious Lr.ondor in >,<hieh tho
prop~rties 'woro leoe.ted.
Tho Reich F'ocd Eate.to (Roiohs:-ND.ohrstand)
I
~~n nnalysis of this orgr.nizr.ticn indico.tos thc.t tho Reich Fo,)\.lEstp.t
v.rnsostublishod for the purposo of extending the domil1a.tion of th:o Nc.zi, j ,
Party to tho entire farming populc.tion c.nd thct, in fnct, it wns r.'n E:'.gcnc~I' ,
supervised by tho Party c.nd we.s, thorof,)ro, classified !\S [" Ned '1nst1tutjJon
estnblishod e.s [',n instrument of Po.rty dominc.tion within tho moc.ning ot
Control Council Law NO o 2. Such properties woro, tho r0foro, t;rnnsforred
to the Lo.ondor in which loCI:'.tod, in uccordc.nco with Control Council
Directive Ne. 50 nnd implomontntion thoroof.
Socinl Insuranoe Collbctions bl Nnzi Orgnni,ctions
Contributions collected by No.zi orgC'.n1Zc.tiollS from omployeos. but nCr
turned evor to sooiel insur~nco cgoncio5 prier to surrendor, worQ rog::-rdO:r
0.5 funds hold in trust r.nthor then bolonging to NC'.zi orgenizntions. lVIiliit)e.ry
Govornment, looking upon soo1e1 insurC'.nco with fnvQr, dosirod thopQ.ymon~ of,
0.11 funds thD.t woro properlypc.ynb10 to socio.l insurn.ncongonoios. ii.CCor/ding
ly, o['cr1y in 1947, tho Offices of ivlilite.ry' Govornmcnt' for tha rospoctivo , r
Lc.ondor woro instructod tc rognrd ::Ill funds of l~r.zi orgnnizr.tions whioh I
wero collected from employees ns sooiel insurnnco contribution, not !I.S d~bts,
butns funds hold in trust for, and theroforo pnynble to, tho sooio.l in
surance agencios.
, -33:
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Reloasing
N~zi
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Party Properties from Centrol
1. Lo.bor Union o.nd Consumers t CoopDrc.tivo· Properties
In :'Ln offort tc speed up tha tr::'.nsfcr of certn1n. propertios rlght- .
fully belonging to Labor Unions and Consumers', C()opor~.tives" [', committeo ofi
~Iilitnry Government officials consulted with reproso:ntt'.tivos L~f the l..abor
Unions and Consumers' Coopc)r.':'.tivesc.nd GerrIlC'.n froporty Control c.uthoritios
in tho -vurious' Lnondor of tho U. S. Zono of Oceuprctinn during the lc,ttor
pa.rt of ,August 1948. It wc's faIt thc.t, in viow of recent ehe.ngos in polic~,
indicr.ted abovo, the rea.sons for refusing to ('.coopt thoso prope,' rti,os ,no,
longor existod. L.s a. r05ult of those'meetings practica.lly nIl Lnbor Union
a.nd Consumers' Cooperativ~ properties, proviously ownod by th~m; wore trc.ns
torrod to. such orgc.nizutions during tho la.tter p::',rt of 1948.~
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:. Duo. to tho fact thnt, certc.in porsons confusod the terms' 'Iproperty of
Trc.do Unions, ate. II end "prcpertyof tlw Di~F", much misundorstc.ndinG c.roso·
Tho property r.cquirod by tho D~'~F sinco 1933 through ordinnry ecnunorci::.l
ohannels, nnd which was never owned by tho Trade Unions or Cooporutivos,
'WCI.S transforrod pursu~.ntto tho torms cf Contrel Council Dirootivo No~ 50,
to the l£..lilndor governments in which suoh proporties wero, locntod, to bo
used by them for the bost int~rests of tho Gorman pooplons c. whclo.
':iith respeot to cortnin propertios in thiscntognry, ospocinlly suited
.
for Ic.bor Uni,?n cotiVit, iOs, Trodo Unions hl:'.va,' by negotic.tion with Lr.ondor,
go~rnmonts, t'.oquired title to substc.ritiC1.1 prtportios which never pro,
viously belongod to said Trc.do Unions, but which wor" b,;ught, or otherwiso
r.oquired, by tho DLF c.ftor 1933, with funds obtc.inod from v.11 pOSsible
sources.
2.
Di~F
Insure-nco Ccmpc.nio s
In vi0w of the fo.ct th?t Dii.F insure.nco· oompnnies aroin tho ,proooss
of liquidr:.tion under tho suporvision,of Milit::-.ry Govornmcnt, theso prop
erties, in line .with Militnry Govornmont policy, '.'/aro transforred in c.o
cordrmce with MGR Title 17, .Scotion 241,,11 to ct trustoe na.medby, nnd
und0r the suporvision of, the Office of tho Finnnce i:..dvi'sor nne. roloc.sod
from Prop~rty Control ?ustody.
3. il.rticlo III Propertios - properties formerly used tor roliof,
chnritable, religious c.nd hUl'llUnitr..rit:'ol1 purposos.
.
.
Properties dovotod to relief,chc.ritable, religiOUS 01". hUMnitario.n
purposes wore returned to their formor ownors. In CE'.5C tho formor orgc.ni,.
zation no long~r oxists, the prop~rty vw.s tr:-msf<;rrod te, 0. ~\lecouor
/'
orgnnizution nppro;rod by Military Grvornmont. . Ch('.:it~b+o org!mi%C'.tions
orgc.nizod by, tho i~azi Pc.rty f'.ftor 1933 WQrQ lJ.kovllso trr.nsforrod' te suc
oessor or!iC'.nizr.-.tions approvod by LIilitr,ry Govornment.
4.
Other NSD.i1P OrgnnizdiDns
'.'dth fav; Qxoeptions, horoi,no.ttor ~xplained, ::-.11 othor romnining l'l'uz~
Po.rty organizo.tions' proportyuhder oontrol yms rclo::'.sod during tho or'.rl~
pnrt rlt 1949. 1.s mentioned ['.bovo, tho roconu:n.ondntions npprovod by.tho
Milit~.ry Govornor in June 1048 provided thntpropertios not elr-mad by
suocossor org~nizc.tiens, etc., within throo months aftor notificc.tion
thnt liquid c.ssots c1')uld bo turnod ovor with op~rating propcrtio:l ware tu
ravert to tho Lv.onder. .This t'hroo months I ' period oxpirod during NovembOr
1948.. Propertios net olaimed or o.ccopted'woro trc.ns!'orrod to the rospoeti vc Laonder. .
.
.
<
,
,
.
I
i~
11.s of 30 Juno 1949, thoro wore only 346 pr0portie~ undor control
this C::ltogory, vr.lued c.t npPl"OxiDr.tely DM 269,000,000, This comp::.ros vd.th
Q, figur~ of 4,438 units of such prop~rty VF..luod c.t npproximato1y DB
,
627,000,000 in June 1948~ Of the 346 properties rom.... ining, 340; yo.luod
at approxiIru?taly DM38,'OOO, 000, o.ro locc.tod in Borlin. :.. s indiec.tod
('.bove, Control" Council Di:reotivo No. ,50 was only rooontlyir.1p1omonted. i~
Borlin Soctor. It is expoctod thc.t thosepropertios, in c.oeordnnce wlt
!I
See lu.mex VI.
-34
,
'
�raoommendntions mndeby tho committoe of five judgGS (providod: for in tho
implemontntion) and ftpprovod by Militc.ry Government, "!fill bo rolan~lOd from
control prior to 1 Soptember 1949 •.. ThG six rcmrdning proportios in this
ca.tegory, vnlued at approxi.rnf'.tely D}~ 230,000,,000, bo1onged to tho Brenk:
dar Doutschon iirbGit, which must be rotc.inCild undor control JJ<'mding nooos
sc,ry policy docisions and tho nc.ning of tho 1iquidr~tion c.gent.It wns . '
plo.nnod ::md agroed thc.t n now lcbor bank WOos tc be, formod a.nd the.t sl".id
or!;c.nizntion would bo r-.ppointod liquidc.ting ugont. Howovor,r.tl'l of 30
Juno 1949, such orgc.niz~tion h~,d not boon ostnblishod.
I. G. }:i.RBENINDUSTRIE
.
Goner<.l Order No.2, doted 5 July 1945, !li.suod pursuc.nt to H1litO.J
Governmont.Lc.w No. 52 grovidod for tho saizuro ,0f I. G. Fnrbonindustr,io •. II
The ordor placod the dirootion of tho subsidinrics, affilhtos, t'\nd o(lntr'~'I!l.
organizeticns of tho Sl bjoct company in tho U. S. ,Zone under tho :suporvis(~h
of sub,-oontrol ufficors., Inc.smuch as it 'lrlnS impossible for ;theso officcr~
nlono to centrol immodic.toly this onormou30rgc.nitntion, instructions werd
issuod c.t the request of the Chief Control Officor to ('.11 111ilitary Govern~
mont Finance Officers dirootin, g thc.t 'thonoOEl sS,nry nppropriC'.te notion be
ta.kcn tc block nIl proporty not under control cf sub-control officers.
Most of the proportios cf this orgc.nizntion woro tr.kon under Property Cen
trol jurisdiction cnd the fund,s of tho orgnn1zction blocko d prier to
December 1945.
I
The objectives of tho schuro of I. G. Fa.rbonindustrie ,- the 'lnrgost
corporc,tion in Germnny nnd tho krr:,"Ost ohemionl eerporntion in the world
'Vrora to forover dostroy its monopolistic contrel over Gal"tlllin industry nnd
to el1minr.to tho Vlnr potontir.l which it ropresonted. Specifio objoetivos
of the soizuro included me.king its plants nvc.ib.blo for ropnrntions,
destroying car,tnin pla.nts utilizod for strictly WD.r purposos, docontre.
lizing tho Illr'.hC,goIllont o.nd disporsing tho ownership of individur.lunits,
to~innting interests in ~nrtols o.nd cnrtol-liko nrrnngemonts nnd pro
vonting :!;,osoaron for war purposos.
By 1937, I. Go Fc.rbon,had (1. net worth of noc.rly RE 6,0.00.,000,000., v.
cap itnlizntion of npproximc.to ly lUi 1,400,0.00.,0.00.; pnrtio ipc. tions in nonr]y
40.0 Gorman industrir,l orgnnizc.tions" end' pr:.rticipntions in nor.rly 20.0.
orgnniznticns outsido of Gor.mc.ny, vnluod o.t a.pproxi~.toly ill 1,00.0,00.0.,000..
In Go:rn.nny, bofero tho war" I. G•. Fnrbon nnd its subsidierios hf'.d moro Ii
th!'.n 200, 000 omployoes. During tho wr~r, this figure wn,s incroasod, to e'l)'"
proximntoly 400,000 omployoes.
' .
I
II.
On its onpitc.lizc-.tlon, REi 40,000,000 of proforrod shares, with
I:l.ultiple voting rights, .,toro hold by or forI. G.'Farban, c.s .r'. snfof::,"Uurd
for voting control. ~.pproximntoly 87'1-, or ·R!/i 1,360,000,000,0£ common
stock .vas .ownod by corperc.tions und individut.ls within Gorm::my. ' ThO
romr.ining 13% c-f tho common st0clc wres ownod f'.broc.d C'.s follow:I:
. ParcontClga of Tote.l
Capite.l Stock
Nationality of Stcckholdors
Switzorla.nd • • • •'
• •
• •• ' •• 3.57
England • • G • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.93
1..09
Holl~nd • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
U. S. il • . • • • • • ' • • . • • • • • • • • . 0.7~
Spnin
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0.46
Czechoslovakia • • • • • • • • •
• •• 0.44
Belgium-LuxembourG • • • • • • • • • • • • 0.15
Otnor Count-rics • • • • • • • ' • • • • • • • , 3.65
PQrtinont Legislntioncmd Milito.ry Govornmont Policy Statements
On 30Novo~bor 1945 Control Council Law No~ 9 w~.s promulgntod. jJI
This law providod th,,~t ('.11 plents, nssota, ate. o'wnodby I. G. Fnrbon oh
or nftor 8 ]tIc.y 1945 be soizod p.nd t~tlo vestbdin th~_ .control .Council.
I
]j
Y
Sao i~nnox VIII
Seo Annex )CVII
,-35
�'Box
3
r-~"'," ~""~:~~~~wr.v.~:r~~F~"'~~l~,,,,~S:··~~l\~~~!7~~~':'f'I!~"1 'i'I\'~ ~
~
~',
~
~
~ •• " •
h
,,_~'.'1·t- llj'.,.d ~l' ~. ~ 'l"~,..:,'{~\ ~"_~~'\'1~'ilr~r;t''''!'1~~~.rt~~::'''~~~~~~;'~''~I''~~~~'M:rl
>""1.'"
.j
•
..
...
: ' ,
'
•
':\
I-
.
.'.,i:;!;""
1--_
"(~rr"~,":""""~l,"t:
, , On lODecember 1946 Ol~IGUS Genero.l Order No. 300.(J:. providod th2.t
plato [:uthor1ty c.hd responsibility for custody and r..dministrf'.tion of prod
artios of the former I.' G. Ferboniridustrio .i~. G. in the Lmericc.n Zone bo
trnnsforred, ns of 1 Februnry 1947, to tno·U. S., I. G. Fe.rbon Control
Officer or tho Economics Division. The 'timelinoss o.nd oss~mtiC\1ity of
Go no r::. 1 Order No. 300.4 ·co.nnot bo oV9r-ompho.sizod~ Pr:l.0l' to the issunncd
of the GOnor[~l Order of 10 Decembor, 1946" the difficultios which oxistod·
ip trying to mc.nc.gcnp.d operate tho I. G. F~rbCln proportles is best il
lustrntod by listing the brgo numbor of nuthorizod officos hc.nclling I.
G. Farbon business:
.
COl+
Prop~rty
Control
Ropr:ra.tions
o. Docartelization
'd. I •. G. Farban Control Offico
e. Savor!.'.l Branche 501' EOQnomics Division
Fisca.l
Gorma.n IHnistGrPre sidont
li·
h. Units Occupying Promises
0..
b.
r.
u
It "ml, thorefore,
grontboon vlhan Gonorr.l Ordor ;No~ 300.4 wt',S.
promulgntod on io Decombor 1946, giving tho U. S. I. G.' FnrbenControl q1f
ficar oOID121eto nuth9rity r..nd rosponsibili ty for custody nnc'\r;.dministrr,t~oll
of fe;rmor I. G. Fr.rbon proportio S ,in tho U. s • .zono of Occupc.tion ond
Berlin Sootor.
~loc.SQ
of I.G. l"crbe.n. Properties from Contr:ol.
In .April 1947, tho I. G. Fnrbon Control Officor (U.s.) cl.ovised a. pinn'
providing for tho trr.nsfor of I.. Go Fic.rbon proporties, locr..ted in ,tho ul s.
J.~ron of Control, Gormrmy, to vC'.riOUB trustoes. Ever sinco.thc.t time, u~
til er.rly in 1949, ,.han thcprogrnm wns con.ploted, tho .procoss 1'1' trnns,L11
forring such propcrtio s continued. In nll, 169 ~. 'G. Farban proportios,
With ['.11 estimr.tod yuluo of DM 1,084,147,845, woro trnnsforred to trusto'bs
in o.ocord~noo with.tho ~bovomontionocl.pla.n.
PROPERTY OF N..il.ZI LiEMBEP.s (NAZI PLRTY x:lE}mEHS)
. To.king Property underC'ontrol
.
In o.ccordnnoe with' ]\iiilit!:'.ry Govornn.ent Lnw Ne. 52 c.nd Gonor:c.l Ord~r
, No.1
theroundor and tho La.w for LiborQtion :from Nation::.l Socil'.lismii
nnd r,iilitc.;rism.,
propcrtyof Na.zi PCirt~r'mombors 'wns tc.kon undorcr:,ntrol.
By Ja.nunry 1948 a.pprGxima.toly 55,000 of SU. ch proportios Md boon tnkonll
intc, custody •. It must bo rorn.omborod tht.t this is D. not fi'g~ro, since
Prop~rty Control policy providod thr.t ::.s scon a.s n clonc~zificr'.tion trir.l
..
.
II
was completod by tho Spruchko.mrn.or tho property 'Wt'.S . oi thor., turnad over ito
tho Gorm::\n Property Control o.uthoritios r\s a.gont fer tho L:::.nd, if tho /1.
property VVC'.S oonfiscc.tad, or roturnod to the ownor ,if cloarod by tho ,
Spruchka.mmor. The process was Ci continuing ona of tc.king such pror:crtn.cs
undor control nnd, o.t tho sc.r.1.0 time, of reloa.sing properties whore fi~b,l
o.djuc1ica.tion heel to.k:en plc.co.
.
. II
y
of
y
Proportios of Nazi Pnrty Ilombors constituted by fnr the lr.crgost
s undo.r protective oustody.
[!l~OUP
propor~ie
11.pplicubloLog·islctiont>.l;ld' Proooduro '
.
.
,
In Ootobor 1946, Supplo14ent No. 2 to GonGrnl Order No. 1 pursurm~ tc,
~[i1it!:'.ry Govornment La.w loro.52,' W!:'.S o.mondad •. Until ,tho !'.mondment, pro~erty
oonfiscnted by nctionof tho Sp~uchk!'J!l.Ulor vms subjoct to Property Conrrol
custody undor the GGrmc.n L(lw fer Liborotion from Na.tionnl Socinlism p+el
Mil i to.rism es we 11 us under lalitc.ry Governmont Law Uo. 52. Suoh property
. vms now subject, ~o Proporty Control custody und0r the Gonntm le.w· only'L
y.
Bee il.nnox ViIle
Y , Seo
Jl.nnox
v.
':36
('4;Y";t.,,~,.~~"'r';~:
'
"
�';,;;..
In the a.dm.triistra.tion of such property, the Land Civilia~' Agency acted
on 'behalf of the ,Ge~n State a.nd was not .the agent of Milita'ry GovernmentJI
In January: 1948, the Allie,d Control Authority issued Direotive Uo. 51,
,.which provided for'the disposition, of property eonfiScatedundar Control
Counai: Law No" 102/ or legislation issued purs,:,:nt to; Control Counoil
DirectJ.veNo o 38" , "{"'The Arrest and Punishment of Y'iar Criminals, Nasis, and
Militarists and the Interment, Control and SurVeillance of Potentially
Dangerous Germa.ns)~
"
y
Creation of a Special Fund ;for Needy Peraeou:taes '
Each of the three Laender of the U. S. Zone' (Bavaria,ViuarttembergBaden, Hesse) ~na.cte,d. legislation int,he latter part of 1946, T>iith the ap":,
pro-val of the Deputy Military Governor, for the purpose ot meeting emergency
requirements :=.1' ~ee~y person~ ,'rho,se health, freedom or'prop~rty, suffered :1
damage under ~azJ. dJ.ctatorshJ.p, on the grounds of such p~rsonst race, reli
gion, ideolOgy or political creed'. To finanoe this program. these laws
provided for,the establishment of special funds from the prooeeds of
administration or sale of properties forfeited as the result of Spruchkammer
!
decisions. ,
'
,
'
'
'1
Charging Fees for Supervising Nazi Properties
In February 1949. German Property Control'authorities \"Iere authorize
to oharge rea~(mable fees'to cover the coat of supervi;'sing the administra*
tion of properties of persons primarily categorized as Class I 'and Class II
of~enders under the ,Law for' Liberation from National Socialism. and MilitaJ!. ,
rismo This authorization, f'urtherprovided that in oases ,where,
of the
propeM;y of the accused was not cQnfisce.ted, a proportionate shara" of the
fees' charged against such properties vms to be returned to the oWner in
direct ,ratio to the property-said owner 'was perm'itted to retain.
all.
Release of, Properties of CategoryIII',and IV Offenders
P~operty Control procedur~ for controlling propertie]J of liazi Party i
Members was outlined in MG,R17-235.2,
which required control of propenty
of Nazt Party Hembers in accordance with I;:£ilitary Government Lavl No. 52,
,General Order No.1, thereunder, the Law for Liberation from l'iational
, SOCialism and IvliHtarism, and the amandment of Article 58 0'1 this Garman
lavl, approved by the Military Governor, on :; October 1947, , '
• Paragruph,le I
"
,
I of
Supplement • No.2 to General Order,and Articl'es 58 and 6,1 of the Law,
No.1 , '
,
II
for Liberation from Nationlll Socialism and Militarism war,e, 'Changod late in
1947, so that ,from, that -time forward only the properties of persons pre..
liminarily categorized ,by the Public Prosecutors asClas's' I or Class II
Offenders were subject' to Property Control custody prior to, trial by the
Spruchkammer. Therefore the properties of persons given a preliminary
claSSification as Cluss III or IV .Offenders by public proseoutors undor
the Law' for Liberation fromNlltional Socialism and Milite.rism wore no
longer 'taken into Property'C~ntrol custody prior to, trial, by the, Spruch~
',kllmm.er, and all such properties already taken into Property Control,ouB ~
tody were to bo'releused unlJ-ss 01:her grounds for oontrol oxisted. Suc~
instruotions wore issuod to the fiold in December 1947. Under the above
progra.m, however', properties' havi~g more, than, 50 ~mployees, 'or having 0.
property tax value in excoss of R~ 1,000,000 contJ.nuod under Property
Control custody evon though the oVlller was a Cla.ss III or IV Offender. I.
Propertios of persons classified as p'TQbationers by the Spruchkammer al5'o
had to remain in custody -Until tho probationary period expired. '
y
I
I
In,t~e
oW~0d
deoea~ed
Part~
I
oase of p::oportios
by heirs cif a.
Nnzi
Member, the rule outlJ.ned. abovo vnth neee ssary modJ.ficatJ.ons was appl:LO~'.
In March 1948, instructions wore issued to tho field which provided f~rll
rele<:l.se of properties in thQse ins,tances whero ,the hoir We.! not inorim~ratod
ang whore the decea.sed Nazi has not been ,:found to be a major offender', Clr a
Nazi of such notoriety or roputation'that the releasG to tho heir eouldi be,
See Annex XXI •.
Se~ Annex XVIII.
Soe Annex VI.
-37-,
�Box,
..3
oonsidered incompatible with tho Denazification Policy. Numerous properties
in this group were rotained duo to the fnct thut Gorman Stato authoritios
tailed to commence proceedings under Article 37. Tho Land Civilian Agency
Head vro,s ihstructed to requost from tho 1iinister for ,Political Liberation
an oxprossion of the State IS intention with respoctto deoeased l'lazi Party
;delllbers" I f tho Ministor for Political Liberation failod to roplyvdthin
a reasoncble leng·Gl.1, of time, said property was released trom control ,to th~
hoirs i f qualified.,
',',
"
'
,'II
In Novomber'1948, Militury Governmont issuod instructions to tho field
to release from contr,ol 'properties' having mo.re than '00 employees or a tux
valuo excoeding RM 1,000~00q belonging to Clesa IV Offonders. Duo to tho
fuct that no,confisc("t'ions may be charged agaitlst persons classifiod as
Class IV Offendors, and 'in line 'with Military Government policy of roturning
as much property us possible to tho \.teman economy, prOVided Military Govo~n
mont policicsaro not violated., this procodurovms institutod.
Present Situation
On 1 January 1948 thero,vere 55,045 units, of this cEltegory of proper
ties in Property Control oustody. On 1 July' 1949" there ,;voro 3,391 such
properties under control bolonging to people primarily categorized as
C'lass I or Clnss II Offender,s nnd Probationers. Undor prosont regulations,
those properties must continuo undor control, until a final docision has
boon rondered by tho Donazification Courts or tho probationary period has
oxpirod. Howevor, on, ,final adjudication,spoedy roloase will bo made bl
Property Control authoritios in accordanco with tho Court's decreo ..
RESUISITIONED PROPERTIES
Property Control regulutions provide ,that whe,novor proporty aotUally
takon under. control is requisitioned by the U. S. Oocupation Forces, scdd
property is roleasod from control and mIlds solo rosponsibility of tho
requisitioning authority" Nevertheless, numorous inquirie s have been ro
oeived by Property Control authorities from o.bsentea 01rmors conc,erriing
'requisitioned propertios. Whenever such inquiries ,(ero recoived, they
'Vforo forwardod to tho Theo.tor Chief Engineer' for o.ppropriato roply.
11
Derequisitioning of Property Occupied by U., S. Forces
iJilitary Governmont regul£l.tioris furt1!.cr provido th0.tsaid propElrtios
whon dorequisitioned could be taken undor control for protoctivQ purposeso
It o.ppours, howover, tha~ in u number of inst~ncos during tho interim
period aftc,r darequisitioning und ,boforo the property VlUS, taken into OUS-'
tody, ,thEt casos of rooting and robberic s occurrod. As soon as this
situation booe.me, lipparent, arrangements woro' mado 'in th requisitioning
authoritieSi '1:yhereby such authorities woro requostod to fOl"\7urd lists of
proportio a to boderoqu.isitionodin tho Mar futuro. ,They woro ulso ro
quested to contact Property Control Land officials so that such 10s808 ~
eould be ~rcvontod by tho prompt appOintment or a oustodian.
,
Raquisi ti.~~_?,f l'':.~Ei~~e by ~.ilitnry, Posts
,
Widespread unrest and dissatisfaction wus caused by the prooedure
followed by:Military Posts in purcrn:sing household furnishings . 'for RoiCh~l~ ,
murks 3 This ,vasparticulnrly true in tho case of such propert1GS belong1ng
to United Hs:tionso.nd neutral a.bsentee o'wners and properties, i?_ tho. lI~urol'lssn
category. ,Consequently. Property Control muda the reoommondat1on, \Jh1ch.
'
was approved in A'\lgust 1947, whereby such purchases~vero limited to l?r~Pl
erties of 1:1azi organizations and Nazi individuals. "hero such propert1o~
ware purchased by the Military Pos~s, tho proceeds ii'lOre ple..ced in 'blocked
accounts for the benefit of the ovmer.
'
Y The
address of the l'hcz,tClr Chief Engineor' is: Chil'lf of Engineers,
European Cornmand, APO 403, c/o Postmuster, New York, N• .y. ' ,
-38
�LOOTED PROPERTIES, -EXTEHlU-L RE!STI'I'UTIOH
Numerous items of ,idcntifi(\])lo' goods takan by :\oroo and ramovod by tho
enomy from oountrie s ,over-run by Garmany wore oligiblo for ro stitution tol
such oountries to the oxtent consistont ','lith roparations" III Ootciber 19416,
,Property Control Br~nch began roceiving from the Ro~titution ~ranch oxtcrL
110.1 restitution claims thCtt had boon presented to thom by, foreign missi6~!6.
Th0so cl£dms, evantu€',lly totaling o.pproxirnately 8,090 'in numbor, wore ce,~b~'
, fully investigatod by tho Prop~rty Control field st.,fi.' Evory Qffort vms
, m£',do to locL~te tho clcim0d proportio Ii e.nti phce thom under control. In~ I' ,
fOrI!l£.-tion concorning o11111orship, origin nnd prosontloe.:l.i;;ion was eomrilod '
o.nd forwc.rded to tho Rc stitution Brunch, OMGUS, for decision e.s' towhothor
, or not tho prop~rty wUs eligible to laD.vo Gorme.ny. 'tihoro tho property 'wtis
looC'.tod, a custbdian WD.S' nppointod to sufogunrd it ag1:dnst tnoft [-.ud de":,
" terioro.tion.
In gqneral,ho'Wovor, the
';ro rkof
looc.ting tho ,proportio s nnd mcking
Shipmon~, provo~ Qxtremoly s, low. ro,_ ,oXpodito tho. Extornc:l R,(rst~,.tutiO, n prj'
gram, s~x Amoncc,n personnel from OJ'~GUS 1;'rero r.ssJ.gned totompor£',ry duty i
i~ the fiold, boginning 1 July 1948, for tho purpose of ,',rinding up tho I'"
Extornc.l Ro stitution Progrc.m by ,31 Docombpr 1948. -It wtlsthoir miss ion
to nssist Gorrno.nProporty Control uuthoritios c.nd Ivlilit0.ry Govornmppt
"
roprcsontntivoa in tho nccurc.to nnd spoedy 1001'.1:;ion r.nd idontificc.tionof
ole.ifis, cmd to scroon end spot OhOCk, 0.11 roports, from Gorman Property' con
trol ~uthorit~o's., By 31, Docombor ,1948, c,ll,proport~ connected vlith out.{
I$tc.nd~ng rost~tut~on ohuns hr.d, o~thor boon plaood 1n c,-\stody or tho cLcflms
hud boon dropped., To mc,ko ~n, oquitnble disposition of c,lldroppod oldmb,
n policy was formulc:tod for dotermining ownorship beforo tho proporty wJfs
roturned to tho parson who hold itc.t tho timo of custody. This inyolv~tl ,
further invostigntion on thepr.rt of tho pr,opcrt y COl'ltr?l field ,stc.ff,' ~16t
insurod th:::.t tho propertie s woro returnod to tho ir rightful OVillors.
, ' :
l
Qontro~ 59~
o.~;nitinl,
units
"
,
As of 30 June 1949, thore roma.inod undqr
shipment. Until e, fine.l dotonninction is m6.do by thG Stc.to Dopc.rtmo~t dJs
to policy partaining to such shipments of propor:tiQs belonging toHungn~ic,n,
Lithuallic'..ll, Lc,tvinn, etc., owners, such propertios must rome. in , in ,contril.
All othor properties in this cntogory \Irhich oould hnvo bee,n shippod undor '
~xisting Military Govornment' policy hr.vo boon shippo,d. As of 30 Juno
1949,' th9 Ext0rnc.l Rostitution Progrnm; insefe.r 0.S it ['.ffects Prop~rty
Control; mIly bo considorod completo. After thr.t deto, suoh properties
tnken undor control. will be limited to Umoritor'ious" clr.ims nnd will onlLy
be tnkon undor custodyo.t the roquost of Resitution authorities.
1:IISCEL1Al~EO.U S
,Disposition of. Cc.ptured EnornyMc,tori:::l' ~lld l\unds Dorived from tht:l 8",10
thoroof
Since tho inception of tho Property Control Progrr~m, cons~darc,bl0
quC'.ntitios of captured enomy lJlD.torinl end funds dorivod from thosO:lo
thoroof. l'!£'.d boon held in Propurty Control custody. No ,notion could be, .
tnkcn 'to'corroct this situ!".tion, until 0. s;tc.toment, of policy 'wns rcociv9d
from the Dap~rtmont of tho Arm:r rts to "vh~t ,items r>.ro to be considored Ids
, C[I]Jtu ro d 0 nomy rna t~ rinl. '
'Tho stc.tomont of polioy from 'the DopD:rtmont 'of tho Army,
y
e.s
Following' is an exoorpt from portlnpnt i~(Jjfjl.R Qublo ¥f.lC~8l794,:
"Subject is 'c0.pturod enomy property.1I 1 '
i
I
liAs mettor of policy you will tror::,t as ,c2.p1:;urcd ,onomy l'Jlt:'..torir.l
only property whichw!".s owned 0 r hol,d for diroot militf'.ry uso
by enemy m:llitcry fo'rco s. \I ,
�Y
supplemonted bydoeision of HilitC',ry G&vornment,
indio~tes thc..t,· in ordor
to bo considered cilptur0d enemy materic..l, tho. property involvod must moot
.tho follo1ifing conditi0l:ls:
It must h[\Vo beon moVt'.blo propcjj:"ty 01"uod or hold for diroct
. militr.ry ':lso by enomy militttry fercos.
b.
It must he,yo boon ::"cquirodby the us Army in most cC\sosnot
lr.tor. thnn \3 I,by 1945 but in no cc:so lc,tor tl1fl.n 5 Juno 1945.
o.
It must ha:v~b6Gn: soizQdby tho 'uS i:~rmy r.nd reduced 'to firm
possossi,on" J Tho term "firm: possessioh" is'. considered to
roquiro 0. nl..'1nifo stutionof. intontionto so i2:o thopl'.rtieulo.r
proporty'::\n.d to .exorciso ;somo type of. CUStody or possossion
thoroof.
.
"
I
I
.
ll
Gor~n
./ .
(S~~.~.tlichOG·o,Bollsehl.·ft .
Economy ·through STEG
. Solo of. Goddsinto. tho.
zur"Erfassung, von RuostU~g8gut Gi®HrJStat~onoct~!~()ncy for Sl.lrp1:U$
\brGoods)
·----1
To r.ss istthoGcrmrm eooriomy,~. plan 'l/ns devised orlrly in 1947 'Theroby'
captured qnemy !mc.toTic..i· (CJi;:M) 1IT01J.!ldbe ,turned ovor to (\ ~rnic.n' cor'por:,.ti~n
orgc..nizedbytho: Lnondorgo,=Vcrnmants';
.
II
I r
~
To expedite' tho prci~r?:mof i;c.nsro'rri~g cp;ptur9d o,nemy nk"\tor~D.IJ·tnp
Property Control ?hiofs:woro ,:roquestedt~ l!\..'\kc c.' eomplotosurvoy .ofjl
('.11 GEM o.nd funds derloved from tho ,s(',10 tho,r,oofC'.nd,tomr.kc the necoss£','ry
prope.rc.tions for a. spoedy. tti:msfor;. t'o.3TEG~ All such· property h.'\s, now '
boen trc.nsforred,to thoe.pproprio.to Gormr.n agoncy' _ /
L~nd
~9~6, ~ropcrty.Control
v.rC.sp~om~lgc.t6dUlfd
In Oct.ober
Circu,lc.r'N'o. 7
pro'17ided, in p[;rt• .'for comuleto roler.so -'t<;l STEG of "wo.r. mntoririls 'l as 'dl:)
~ finod nnd onumorc.tod in Control' Council Lc.vr No~ 43 •. il.11itoms.underP;r~p'
arty Control whiahwore l11.entionod in'Schodulos AundB' of sUidlnw woro
tro.nsforred toST~G for, 'd''i,'sposol into .,:tho' Gormnn ooo'norny.
In somo. instcmoos,' movi:;b.lo proportfo·s whioh .'woro subject to rapid
dotoribrntioil, bolonging.to, .United Nr~t{ons nnd ebsontoo ovmOrS,'lfTCrO r.l"so
tr~nsforrcd ,to 3TEG tor the 'purpose of utiliznt,ion in th9. GorIllf'.n o,conomy~
In such ~nstUriO~.s. ho"':6~.ror;tho l:1,roooods of tho.,sn:Io. '10,88' sq~ling
penso~ (lon noov()nt oxceeding, ,2Q1o) 'Wore pIeced· l.n f.'•. bloc~od uecount ro~ .'
tho benafi.t. of tho G.bsbntocqwn<m. froporty Control. :;:.uthoritios, rO sOMrod
tho. ri.ght to, scrutinizo:ovoh-hoc.d oh;\rgcd or selling expanse s· deductod by
BTEq from tho proceods of. s~lo~.'
.
.
bx-./I
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"
'1:/ Enrly
in, 1,941. Militt:'.ry .. Govornment 'policy(liGR 11;.;.42,2) provided (:'.s
follov,n,::
All cC'.pturod :·onemym:\torii.l. (CE~~Lundar tho oontrol of tho US .
Forces, OXc9ptsuohr,s'isto'bo rct::1inod'bythu US'Army, is to bo
trcmsforrod agdnst quo.ntitntivo rdcoipt to' tho, (Tcrmr.'1n '.oconomy' thro,ugh
"Stnc.tlicho '. Ge sollschc..lt zu:r lilr.fc..s;sung von Ruo stungsgut GlttbH." or ~hch
biz,?nc.l S1J.ccossor (I:goilCy:I;.~· mo,ybo;e,skbHshod,. ::~l. CELL r:ndfunds II '.
dl;)rlVG. dthero.fron, n,.ow ·SUb.JlOqt to! ,th,o control of !.uhtc.ry G, .ovQr~onl't.
or which may como. i'ntoits 'possossi~n or under ;its control;, will bq,
turnodovor to tho 6bove-montiono'd GOI"lllD.ncOrporntion., CEE is dofjJnc d
, ~.s n11 move.hIe.property oVfnod, or hold for dil7,oct militr.ry.uso by 6~orriy
milit!:',ry forcos, "Ihieh hc:sboon ucquirodby tho US Army (i!l i:n?st e s05
not Ie.tor them 8 Kily 1945, but in no C[,:50 I!:'.tor 'thnn 5 Juno 1945) and
s6izod bythoUSArm,y and rodueod to "firm pos~cssion'll. Tho. torm I
"firm posl3ossio,n" .is doeme.d. to roquiro C" nmnifostntion or il1tontion
to seize the pc.rticulr.r proporty c.nd oxeZ:-0iso 50:::10 typo of custody or
possession theroof.
.1
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·.,TREA'fliEi~T",OF,'DUEESS~:,POOPE~'l'iI::i:~\i~D.BRi,EF:'REV.t~';;~:':O'F"l:NTE.ffiJiJ:.'··
, , :l1E?,TJ.TUTION"Pl\o GR[~:f . . g,NDll)R llII:il;~~",f qPV1!}R1V}:¥E:N[! L'~;I'1jQ.~. ,59., ",
,,,\
.;;
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.
.. Introdll ct':ton'
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I.,
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'.', ~>,
,
"i~~on~ t,he '~6' ~t import;.nt· cr:to;'gorio s, 0 ipi'oP9rt'ios: .ov6rvvhtchpropo
oontrolhi:'.s 'bC!qnexo'r<l.is,od:, fromtho'yo.t:y· beginning'2.:rc. so-criliod ,uduros gil
.
";;,,,
,
,prop'ortif:J s .~von'prior' to the surrandal'. o~f,Gor~6.ny~.:tt "';'l~B tho (":nnouhcei:1
p'olicyof :th?' Un·i:t0cf Stnto's<Govorl:l.rilont'to thko.nppropric,tastqpS for', ~ho
sl:'.fo rnc.rdingo.f, proppX:~i9S\whic!1 .fu:.dpoon: o':xp~opriut0'd::,by'·Ht:'.t i0nnlSooio.l .
porBocution: l'rcimtho ir:
o'9mcr.~;·
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,
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,
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'.
,.
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formar.',
Con~r;olCo~~ciiPr,,~p.lo.~t'io·nl~~~ 20n ticortliin'~({ditionc.(~o:qU:i"'ciYnrll"iit:·,c:
il:itposod
on
Gori'iw.ny\l,pro~vid~S" rri So'otionXI,p[\te.grG"p,~ . 4;2
(b.),' ,0;8 fo'llow's: i
tiThe. Go'rm.c.n authorities. wil1eolnp~Y"v,.iy'h'~~~:ch diro"ettonsns .thO
Alliod ro,pro.sontntivQs:rni:ly iBsuo:,rognrding'thc' pr.6por~y,:~;sso·ts"
rights" title nndin1:;erosts of' porsorlS c.ffoato4by logisil!rtion.
, invotvil}-g ,cl'iscr'iDlint:>.tiori· ,on grotuids. of rnC(J,~ color, ilc.ngU0;go,'clr
poli~icr.liopinions.'~ . : ' "
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" . This poii~y"wo.s c,lso clcr,:i:lyro.stnt6'd in .tho Dirocti:VQ~n·U. S. ,Ob
jeotivo Band BMia' :,poiic'io s 'in Gorm1:my, of ,15 July '1947, y' ~h'ic,h rorJds
c.Bfollows·'·
',"
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,
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'o:ndorgdnizr..tibns: doprivod 1.9,f :thoir(prciporty £'.S n, ro sult, of .i~ntionc,l
Socio.~iSt'pors~c:ution .should 'o'it!1or hr.,vo 'tho1:rproporty returnotlor
bo compons["to.d,::thorofore· £,.nd' th~t, po,rl'(ons who' sufforod fors,?l1C-l :
cinmtigo 9r, in'jurythr,ough l~r:ttiond .S6c:i;l't.1istipor~ocut1on sh6~ld re
coive indomhifi:'ot~t:lon-'in, Gorni::m> curroncy.:: 1:iith rblSpoct to,ho:irlos's
o.nd unclnimod; (prop0r.~y ,8ubJect to, in~orn(1.'l. rostitu:tion you .'Will
do Signata . c.pprop't,iatd15u¥co's'S()l", orgo.nib.tionB ~.u.: .
:
.. :;
"
~'It ~s t,h\:lp'olicy of your (i'.O.'~~c;)~'i~n~)gov:cir.~I!1ont.th~tpeirsons' .. i
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i~dministrc,tion,\of'Contr,dl "Qvor D.iross,propOrtios .
In 6xocuti6n6~,~ho. nbovo-m~~tioncd, policy,. l'11litnry Gov'ornmorit
tho beginnihg hC,SI., dir6ctoC\c'ontrol of e:Upropor,tio sQxpropr±ntEl.d~, or
ec.tod undor'circumstr.ncosi~dior.ting d1.lros~'. Such ,control ~1J'r'.s .'impOsod
tha bnsis:ofl:iS'ts"of proportiosOqmpiiod in ,lSomo cc:sos prior to thosU'r
rendorof Gc~mjny,. O'~,2.saisclosod by;fiald'invoBtigntionB, 'orm!:'.do·,
to Prope rty. C6nt~ol Agencj,o ~ in. tho U~ s. Z'ono th:roi.:1[:;h COlll.'1li;ll'licr'.:tions
former ov.rnors,' or"thoir ,succos~ors' in'intarost. '. ·R~:ports. required 'by", ,
Mil'itr.ry Gover.!".mo,~t:fr.om ,prosonto,mors, Ger!il.C\n· govvrnmen:t.d c.goncies,
r.nd ,finrincinl' ::'indo crod,it insti,tutionii,with.rqspoett6 proport!os;pro.,:"l'
sumptiyoly oxpr.opriC',tod or cbrt:CisgC'.'to'd undor, diserimil:it'.tory:moO:,lurosof
Nntion..~l.\Socinlisln. (porsocutOry uetions for. r['.cir..lo.rpol:i~idc.~ rolison-IS)
we.ro. 'sorooneci" .:'.ndo.lso', ro'sul,tocl inPropo~y Co~trQl: o.o~ion.
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. I;r~p~~ty C:ontro-i E.'.ctfbn wt-• tnk.on" onthobn~i:s,' o'.f. So~tion' 2;, .LI.rti6
.s
I: "?f Militn'ryGovorriinpnt Lnw.,lJo.5~',~y'I(Re·vi~adTo?Ct" ~O 'July 1945) ,!,vhlc;
provided' (',B' follow's:,
.
. . . . . '.
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,I
uProporty ,vhich chi:>.s boon. tho sUbjoct Of .t~c.n~,fer. uhdor d,uros's, ,
'ful nots' ~f,'c6nnscc.i.ion·, dispossossion or, ~ipol1o.tion, Iwh'Otmr·
pursuo.nt,to 19'9Blr',tion or ,by proc,od\lro.spurportingto follow forms
of' lew or ,otherwise, is ho'roby doolc.:rod. tobb ',Q'qunlly sUbj~c:t to., '
. , soizuro~tpo,sso ssionor.titlo, di\l"0oti:o.~,:~n~g9moht •. :sup~rvi~ion
,or otho:nllJ'i S0 '!?o ing 'bkon, into control. ',by Mllitc,ry Govornrnqnts.
.
I'
,'I'
.:
y.
.
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~lit0.r~Gd:vo:r$ont Rogubtio'n (MGR 23';'2050),
f;l.. Soo ,li.nnE:lx \ VIiI. " .
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,Bl~eki~g' control ,wns cpp.t~~dt~ ,~ni~ngsb,t\nJ,c(~QP~~i;i.t,s." t'.coourit's, ' :t.'~nd~."
so,ouritio snnp otho,r nee;o~ic.Blo~~ltoroS"jjs o.n t~ sa.mo '~C.IJ,1~., . "
.:',
It.
"
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d'
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Custodi::-.ns t.ppo'inted by Nilito;ryGoyornni.on:tij,o~ Gorrnb.n'Pr.oporty C:<mtr0'!I. '
"
.Agonoiti's, und~J:' .thcidiroct., su~rvis'~on o,r 'M~tJto;r:( ,~ovorliIilQn~'" ,y\~~o~:-.r.god'.11
with tho c.ili"Il1nl.Strntion of propor1;;1os undor P:r'IJ;s!u':l.bod condl.i:;io~s and rO,qull·ramon,t~,tor ,r.o?o'tlntin?,;"nd ~.U~~~i,nG ;~o,~o,rts,_:i~ton,'d,O? too: r.S.Bu~~!,nd"equ~t.o, ",S!:",fO-1il' "
b"U~rding ?o~trols.. ,Thoc0,ntrr:'f, ~ndl.nfltlep.:o, ofprfJs"9n~ ,owners' ,OV,O,l" tho
,'" i
r.rlministrr.tl.on of the proportl.os or'. entorprl.Sos·v;oro, wholly excludod in most' ,
cr..~os as c. ;nr,ttor of p.rincipi~, nnd policy. .,,11 ',cu,st6tUc.ns or. cont~o',llod ' II
propertios v:or13 nppointe~. on tho bo.sis of oXIJI:lption 'or clol':ro.nco undor vt'.riJouG'
do,n~z~fi~c.tion",re~lctions "-hich bocCno gonoro.lly t:'.pp~ict.b,lo.'
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,II,
, ,Tho 15 l.U~;ust ,1945 Diroctive" 1/ f()r oxc.mplo,·oxtondod tho, donc.zif"ict.•
tion provisions of tho '7 JU'ly i945'D'1r~ctivo (J'"dm:inbtrr.tion of'l!iiliti:.;ty, ' ,
"Goverru:nQni:; in tho U.. S. Zono".o'f Gorl:ilC.nY)
.to 'in:fluontiC'.l ~U'zis: p.nd lnili
to.rists'in eU .w!:'.llcs of lito !:'.ndlluthorhed oontr'ol l:l:otion, 'owr tho' ,prop'"
ort~Els of ~ll, porsonsremovadQ:r'dasignt.tod hostilo, to~llioapurposos:.,
Tho, Iv.ttor wora' dOOL10d'tq po iricludod ~n"tho cic.~s qt porlSons' w~o'so 'pr():I?0r~iQs'
, Trot-a rendered subject, to ~oizureprc9~trol by, Militc.r:rGo~~ont:pursur.nt '
tq GoMr<'.l Ordo,r Ne. 1,. :3;ssuoclttndo r MJ.lit['.~y ,Govorn.rn;ontww,No, ,!?~., "', I
\
y
'Tho' Lew
f~rLibbrt.ti'o~'£ro~, Nc.,tionhl,'So'~i!.\liSI:l~~d~~ii~th~is,~' ~ ,dn"
~.oted by the, Go·rnw.~ I.!ind G?vo,r~qnts in tho U e' S. ~on~.",t~'rop~r~eo, th~ 15
,I' :
J~ugust 1945 Diroctl.vo, hcs',contl.nuod ,Gorn.r'.n rospon~i-bl.li~yto~ donr.£l.ficr,t.:j.on
in nccordc.nco with ,prinOiplo,s·Qstnblishodby.contri;>l"Counc:i.l ,Dir;;ietivo, :tJo.
24' (RbI:lOVc-i from Ofl'ico\'C'.nd frotl Pmdti6ria of ReiSponlib,ilitY of Na:ds' (~n{~,
of Porsons Ho'stilb,tb J:l:lliod;pU~pO·sos).,:
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Tho:policy of Uilitc.!:"J 'fGo,yo'rnnon1: hc.s· hot:;n, :~o J:'otc.inpropor~i(;IIS ,of
duross nD.turo undor oont:r;'::;~pendingl'inc.l ':Jottloroont, of tho 0('.110 boforo
, Rostituti?n c.uthoritios,".s p'rovidod r()~,unc.l.ol" militC';i-y Govornmont Le.w
No. 59. ~i.h ox~,eptiOn to 'this ,poliey-hcls boon' 'in tho ,c.pplic['.tlon of ,~JGR '.
Titlo 17~5014/ vihio.h t,uthoriz.:os tho" rqloaso of proportio IS of: irisignifi....
or.nt 'w.luo,ft snid 'propertia's could 'bo cdoqu['.toly sf.roguc.rdod hyothQr"
,
moo.ns, i ~o~blocking of trE'.pster of titlo.', "
" ' " , ,,'
,',,'
t\
aomul'gC'.tion ofMilitc..ry: Go:vorn:'J.ont ,L..,\\:<I,No.69
Upon roq}lo st'~f Hil-i,.c.r;Govornm~nt~ ~hGLc.onc!oJ'rc.t.thr~ugh its, "
Pro~o~ Control COI!l!:;l1t:too, 'with :rho (,~s,;>istclnccior, ,Militnry. Gov9r1'ltlont'
of'fl.cl.cls, propl'.ro,d the dr,aft of c. lc.w 'providing ,f,oJ:' , thO rostitutionof
idontVic.blo proporty 'IIvhich,' :ror ronsons ofrn'co, ,roligion, . ndioridity,
,idoolcgy or politicdoPPo,.!'!ition, tc ,l\}'r.,tlonn.l Sdcic11sm" 'Vms c.' subjootof
tro.nstor unnor duross during ,tho No.z'i rogitlo, ,Inl'iw.roh 1947" thosubsto.neo'
of' this dra,!'t "i!'.S' npproV'od' by tho Prop~rty Diilpodtion l3oa,rd, ,01lGUS, in
whioh !'.llint!3rostod" functionnl divisi:on~,;wo'ro, ropros\:mtod.'
'
l7' .:'.do
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tr-o "f611q1Vin'g-coi:1.>:1.0nts:
r.. Tmtn "j)i~t sottlQci.~nt 'of:
rostitution cl)uldnot bo t.ch1ovod
w'ithcut oJ?r.'.c~ik',lg"r.'.unifornrostitu'tion 14w ,in' n11,'/oor Zones,
'nnd thd t, ~lf':w l'ioi:tod t;: ono, Zqne 'b~~VO 'riao' to sQriousnp
prehonsions;
-, .
b. Tht:',t thedrc.ftlc\1ir'fcilQd to r.llo1v'the R.o~titution ':l'ribunc.J;s
such froodon, of o.h.tiona:s required' ~'psr.'.tElgUc.l"d £4n oqi.1i~llblo
trol'.tuor.it (,ftho: :',ndividunl C!'.BOS cnthflir morits;
\ .
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i':n~ox IV. .
Soo, Annox' III.
Sao il.nnox y.. .
Soo i:..rinax VI. ,
80El ;"'nnox ,XII •
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In s'ubli1itting', tho.'lnw, tho Lr.~onclorrt~t
,
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That tho provislQnso:r'~ha'dr~f:t lc.w . woulct·loc.clto\ ht"~rd'Gl:1ip
fbr hono at, po r'sons .Vfhoh!~d/S:~qli':irocl tho ·proporty.' in goo,:~; fi:\i th;, '
'. c.
Tht.t thotiino ~li.'iiitit allow's, for filing c;f' rostitut,ion eltdJil:s
'!liltil.31 Doeanbo,r' ,1948 ''1m3' too long.
t'i..
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. ',H~litarY ~ovarnm~nt' ,su:bm~tt~c11:l. papar'totho' i.lliad Oont,rbl"'4~h6riity'
in ..(~pr11 1947, propos1ng n un1forn restitution Ie.'" .fcl'aormmlY bt:'.l'Jod' on tho
LD.ondorrc.t draft~ .i~ftordisoussions . ' this propo:;r.1 rbr .c.vor' BOVOl"!. months, .
or'
, "
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itwc,s claar'thf',t qundripe.rtito o.gr90mont,wns impo.ssiblo. 'I?iscullsions ,thon .
. proQG~dod. withc~ ViOVI to.r~~ehing c.groolnQnt' wi~h British MiUtc.ry Go'Irfirnr
mont. on eo. bizone.l' l.a.w, but' 1to. pp.Oo.r~d. thr.,t suo.eh .f'.n o.g;reom~mt ~.s o.lso n/.t
.
posS1blo 1n tho nec.r.futuro.; To !'\vo1dfurth~r.dolny, itwr.s :doc1clod' t:o"
procoed'with thepromulgr.tion of 0. rostiwt-ion lnw,for th3 U. S.· Zonoon
0.
unilntoro.l be.siS:
'.,
. ' •
' . ' .1.
. Boco.uso of cortp.in ngroomdnts rer.chod ,11th: tho Briti~h Elomo,nt, r;,nd .
in sonio ot.sos with'. thoothor, POwoI-S, (in 'rospootto sOmo Of tho provi.si6ns
,of tho draft l~w, cortainchr.ngosV/cu"o. subgc stod,intho Lt'.oridorro.t~.i-n.N·
which incorporr-toa tho so, ngt-oonients c.nddid tond to·c.llovinto thQ'.:-_p;'. 11 .
prohonsion oxpro ssed by tho, 1c.ondo:rrnt. On:3 OctobQr 1947 ,t.m '"l£'.andop~r.t
vms a.skod whothor .tho :f',our ·.Minis.-r0rs P~osic1ont c.on.' stit?ting tho LQ.O~dor-l·f '
.
ro.t woro prepnrod.to promulgn:to 1n,thou' rospoct1w kl.ncls, t:'. lnwbo.:SQ.r:!.
...
on tho drnf't Submlttad by' tho Lb.o.nclorrC'.t 'ris 'modifiod 'in tho mc.nn9r inc:;;.' ,>
entod r.bovo. On 7 October i~1"tho I4ond~rrnt ,could not l"(iJt\ohc. une.ni!o,,:s
dooiBione.nd, it ,t'.ppearod to' M~li ta.ryGovornmo,nt obS9~rs, unlikoly" the:~ ~ .
tho Ln.ondorrn t wou~d ov:erngroo to c:ppro'yo, tho onuotxnont 9f C PO 8titut1'0n
!!nvr whioh"would ,bo,limit,<;l(f tb tho', U.8. Zona Qnly~' That-o to lio, Militr,ry .'
Govornmont advis.o,d tho Lo.ondorrc.t of. its intontion .to pror:ru.lgi-.to 'tho
\
rostitution~a.w as Militc.ry Govornmont Lo.w No. 59',.on 10 Novombor 1947.
.;
. Militl.'.ry Govor~ont·Lhw No. 59 is br.sQd ;on th~or1gino.l Laondorrnt
drD..ft, with, nocoBst:'.ry modi~ie".ti0nsso o.stocorl"ospond 'to Ilgr~oTilollts I
reachod on SDrrlO provisions with tho othor powers, r.nd othors Whioh wQrq
nooo ssnry tl,) rompvc certG'.into obnicnl :d~fo ets, fron:t. tho d~nft, 1~;w· •. I
I
Qn tho sumo dnto, 10 NovoIDQor 1947, tho ContrE'.l Fil1ng .L~gency: pro
vidod for in tho lo.w wt':s,a'stt'.blishedc.nd:eomnloncod op~rations, o.t Br.dll.
\
No.uhoim (Hosso). Subsequontly nnd 'suceossivo~y, Br,OIDO~. Hosso, ".Juortt~mborb
Bc.don r.nd Bnyr:H6. pnssedtho nocos'sc.ryimplomontinglogisld.tion ostl:'.blish
ingrostitutionU,gOnCios.,in thercspbotivo L~ondor of thoU. S~ zo~~.II, "
Militrtry Govornmont.' Lr.w No. 59. prOViC(Hl ,for filing of petitions 'rrith
tho Contrnl}tlilingLgonoy for, .the rost1tution 'of ictont1tio.blo ,pr0p::l :rty~
Tho oxp1rr,.tion ~.Ilto for~ sU,oh,filing vro-s 31 Doconbor 197t 8 • . .': r., ~.
,,II "
YHth n, 'Viiav~ to._socuring r.U pos sibloinfc;rm!'.tion. ,eoneorn1ng ];lropojftios
"i;Thich ht::.d beon trc.nsferz'ed undor"duross circumstt.ncQs, thQ, In,v 0.180,p:ri,o-'
vidod for thosubmHI~i()~ ofroports by pro.sont ovlhors of duro,sl'J propo~itl i08,
or by porsons or finnr.icid insti'tutions hrtving 'on;; intormc,tion .ooncerninG
trc.nsfors (,f proPortyunder duross. circum~tc.nc~"HI.
.
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. Tho principIa .thdc:.u~oss propertios shou,lq ,not, asohot'.t to the St::.tQ
bec2.uso of tho l~!ckofheirsor suceosl!lorsin intQro'st wC\s c.1so,roeogJizod
in tho Inw wh,ieh. prOVided. for tho ollt<:\blhhL'l.ont nnd C\Pp?intmontpr:5u~-'
CGssor org0,ni~('~t1ons. 'ThJ:s vms c.~9omplishod by Rogulnt10n No.3 unc1o~
tho lc.w pnsflod·on23 Junol~4a~ . On, tho so.mocic.to .the JQwish.Restitutioll
SU'?oossor Ori;r.nization, .reprasEmtir),g c.11 ,lending Jowish brgc,nitr.tionsllor
the 'World interested in the ost£l,bl1shmen~ o,f nn adoqu::.t.a restitution ,pro..
grnm, wns r.uthoriz'ocl by llilitr.ry GovernTilont to.el~.im."c.llhofrless· ('.nel'.
'une1c,im6(~ Jewish·proporties..
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Orgnnizo.tion and ~..qtninistr!,"\tibn CIt . '~stit1,1't1on: ;pr~gtr.mu~dar.1!il,it.r.tl",
Go~.,er.nriont Lii.w, no. 59 : ' "
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The 1nw, proyide s. fbi- .tho ostriblis~ont· qf . ra st;;tu-t:ion . :~.n.i~~, .
" initially chnrgad wi:j;h tho rtrsponsibility. of trying to ',effeot ;c.ni'icd)lo s t;...
laments of clams. bat\.veontl1opC\~ties·;", .,If Such. ,s'~ttlol)lGntsor-:imot bOc.t ll :
tc.ined, tho ok.ms .arothen:Nforroc't~cirOs,tituti;ol1: ()l;l.c.~ars:i'Th~~h C'.'roll '
pert' of thG, , Garman cour:tsys:tem.; ~~ppenls f'r.om ,thoct<3oiSiori;s.~Jf,tho 'rostb
tution ohrunb(}rslllr."r be tr-.ko'n by' 9ithpr,p~~rty tq'thai~p~o11c~tQ'C'o\lfts,'
(Ooerlandsgor1cht;o),c.nd from t~~ Iv,1'1;ol'.'t6 tho .Bonrd of Ro'vi'ow, ,,;hos? .. i " '
do.oisions nr,o, finii1.' ' '
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B0~rd of Rev~ow~:composQdof fo~'r;:we\rioan :Judgqs, C'.ssis,t(j'd by,
~xports ori, Gorman' 1aw" wn~()'s:t.!lb1i'shod pursunnt to: ~,gu-lt':tion Nb.4'1;o
. : Militnry' GovornmejitLnwNo'. 59 pnssod on 2 ii.l.oi:gust 1948. ,iippointmonts '
",Tho
of tho , rllomoors . or' tho Boc:rd of RoviGwwo'ro 'me.do \on ,S,:N ovomb'er ,19'4.6. '
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ThereC\ro pro3ohtly 20 Ros'tit~tion l"goncios, '13'Rostit~tion Courts,
and 6 Oborlnndsgeriohto (i~ppo llnte) Cou rts' -' Qxolusi
of, tho' :Bo~rd of
Rovie'\,j- ;,. in'tho TJ ~ ,'s. ' Z o n e . . '
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borg, viith brL'.nches,'16&".tod' in 'u';numbQr,' ofc:itios.'.in tho diffo'rant Laon(1bi"
of tho, U. :S. :Z'ono:undorpr.qv±ous, ;:nuth9r.,i~t>:~iong~Y<i~:by ]!i~'i~[u·y' G~vQrnrJbn~~ .
commenoed, in thQ"ti~\st ,weeK,iof Oetobor; .1946; , ,~ho",oxZltl.inr.tion ',of ('.pprbx~btjio11, ao~ 000 reports. o/i',fo(ltlng;',p'ropo,rtlos, 'Pl"o,suntib'ly,trc:nsN~r:pd'un{19r 'r'lJrdI5S
oir,cumstc.ri'ce s. ' In:t'ormt.tionsEl c'uro,d ' from tho,so repOr:t:shr';s :p;l.'!ov'i.'(to~tc:: bt:s is
for the,prep~rntion orpot'j;tion~'.i~is" c\r,osu1t ,0Ppr'ox1m.A
:to+y '165:,00.1'> ,I
po,titions wor,o £il.od~1it.~· ~.~, ',Contrnl" ~i1~ng)~~~!l~y;p~~or ,~?31. ~~~9r.,~bo~ .' '
'1948;, thq, oxpirc.tion,~ a'nto t.91", th? t:,ll;1ng" rp:£ 'pa1atl.On8 :und~r' l~ll.tC.!,y~ov.IQrnIn();nt I.tc,'WNO, .', 59.,' ~*, 'OOrinOC~i~.O,riWit1i,OVo."rY.J?\vi,~ish' P,:r'oporti . 'r?Pdrt.'O,8fY.', '~i;'f.'11 hl5:'; . ,
rarred b.otwoen 30 Jo.nuf'.ry'1933,nncl ,8'llfuy :1~45.
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mi~cllo' ,o.f~O~tombQr
'uutho'rhn~{on \~l:' tn~00' for's';m~h'i"
In tho
'1'948
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oxnminntion'of tho: ropor'ts>;'(;n,':fi;to iii~'l;h~ho:e'Qnt,r~l t~li~gJ~goner.bY"ric+
oroditod ropresont(':tivos bf,'o.pproxu'U":tolY,<L4Militr.ry:Mislionsc.nd"C6n:. i,
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su1n.tos of fore:i:gn,.' nt'.:t~ons. ':'
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t\it~c:\ting' tho'. sr.ti~·f'a:qto~pot-r();'c~:ion 'o£61r.ir~~,'~ri,sl~g
ro strfdt'iO~s ,ori romittnn:OQ S ,01': pr;ymont Q.f':'9x p<iri.so's ,O,r ,S9rvi;(jo,l!l ~f II '
from
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" ~f:;9~ci0s.:or ,o~f,~,co,sVi?ro.li~9,so:lv~d'by,:t\~propr1Ilto, m,ol".:;uros·Em(~; :hr,oo,t,rrys"
~SSUOd'b~IMfl,1tnr.yG()y~r~o~t ..~:!:
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foYl olr:'.i••
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((£, l;ill.lltc, ry. 'G,~:VCl;r?n:?~'tt ,to',' S,~9\:!~O;;J:;4~'tf~;7~~>9.f:; '7h.Pc~,t,'~\i'~;:n .~,~~ ,~~?,((I?~,~tf!ll~S. .'.
, of, t~o, world,;thr()~:[;h.;,'(J,.,.~(•. :\qon~s~1~·to}r;".t\Ild;IJ!~l:5S19~.5~' ,'c,.JiL(~I!l,ih~9ry~,r:·n,~\q~ip,~ " "
,lo~tic,missfp~s, #or9;c1~ti:l'd' tb\;Go~:ri:r:~<','
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Clo.,1:In:ints:i"I1C.d:'13'mor.rtn.il' ;:th\,~lhich ':£0 :i'fflo;:/, , ' , : "
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' .' ~T'i;tlo's,:,t'O, p~ d~ort'1'e'B .' vili:;:qr 'mi'.y, tb,o~', ~fe",~l~Il,~~: 'to'r ,rQ~tj)t:it~ o~:"~h
, ,,15och)ll"tt '"5#i~aj'.Of' ,:unoer'~6.inty fot/3~:;y~r:r~;D.nd' 'will!: r~fur:iri:
':80 untit thof1nr:l doC':dllindfo·r ;~i[.in:giicln"ims;; ", .
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, Nume rou S' raqUQ'sts f.er axtonsJ:on;'ln tho ox.pirZltJ.;on' dc.to for tho' fl.l'llng
of patition:s"boybntl '31' ,Dd'cdmbbr :1948', wciio-, ro.'eo'ivocl: by,:'Miittc.ry;Gb;VoJ:;ruiQ!b:t~'
Sor i()us '.0 ons'ii:1orntio~i,h}i~,:bdo'ng~;;ht~to, thO so' \r6q\io:s~~'., .tt'Vn~ / lio,'loVo!~, '.
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c1oCid-od'tlir.~t'it'.ny.oxt9P!s:~Q:n:~in'~:h.e:ox:p~rr::t~oii:dr.~'~\'Wi)~ndbo :rjioro'(\a~ri6Qlh~c.l
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to th.'o(m~aro;;' pr,b gr.f~.',;' of-;:r?stittfHonth0n 't,na~;b~noi'i~i to': th~:ri()tl.pr,rdt i:w Iy
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1:iIodH'icc.tions of tho ,1Cl.w with re"poo't t.o timo for ~iling r:£.y lpd
to rQquests from vr.rioua sl':urcos ,tr; !!)C.k0 othor ch!'.ngo~ in tho lie,w;
,
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It "1TO.S dosirodthc.t ell possiblo burdens C'.n'l unoorto.intiosirn.-i
posed by Militnry Govornmont en thQ C1Ormt'.n paoplo !:'.ndooonol!lY I
be tarmindor! bafora the Ooeupn.tion Statuto Dacoma,s QffGctivooi
l'.ifost of tho roquosts for t'.n Qxtonsion in tho oxpirC'.tion d~i!e ware ,I
be.sod upcn tho r.rgumont thnt inforIll-n.tion eonsidorod osscntir;.l to a clnir:li "Ina
not Cl.vc.iln.blo ol"o.ccas:siblo. This c.rgumont 'Vms not consiaorod, to bo V<3~~
atrong, c.nd Militc.ry Govornmo,nt oonsistontly advised cle.w.nta thnt tho 'I
provi5ion:o of the 'lew c.ro !".~oquat?, sinco minimum informc.tic:n f.inly Il(1Qd
bo filon initially.'
petition ,containing n do scription of tha~onfisc('itod
prop~rty I:'.nd :otnting ,Cd!! oxnctly l'.s pos'sibla, under tho circumstc.l'1.!lfHs .. too
timo, plaeo r.nc circumstrmcos of tho~onfisQL'.tion, c.nd. sofe.r c.s is kn~1"1ll
, to the clnilllnnt, tho nc,mos end !lddr(1ssesof l'.ll porsons ho.ving, or, claiming
to huve, nn intorost in tho prop~rty, if filod with tho CQntrclFiling II
A~~ncy bofora 31 Docembor 1946, would bo suffioiont to bring their cl~iJ
within thQ stutute of limitntions. ll.llY further info~tiol:1 that might ~0
roquired for settlemontor Ildjudicrd;ion of thQ alc.im c.ould ba submtttodil .
thoranftarto tho Rostitution At;Oncio5 or, Rostitution Courts, as roquirod.
I,
For tho forogoing roasons, MilitnryGovornmont did not 9xto.nd,tho·
oxpiration dute for tho filing of claims.
,Aoomprehonsivo roporting system dosignedto provido portinont in
fo:rm,!:-.tion o.s to ,tho status un'd progress, of overy clnim, nndto indioc.ta
tho progr~ss, IllD.dQ by tho various Rostitution, authoritios, wns plc.c;od in
oporc.tion in tho anrly'-pnrt of 1949•. Supervisory nuthority 'Jdll thore.1
fore, be enc.olo'd to notico tronds end to spot WQc.kno s soa or bottlo.l1Qeka
und bo pormittoc1 to take onrly correotive o.ation whoro roqui.rod. Tho
RQPorting nnd' Control Systom wo.s dosignod to onablo 010150 ~uporvisi on
with 1:'. l!linil!lum of l'Iilitt".ry Govornmont p6l)!'sonnel.
overnment
•
Subsequ~nt to tho enc.ctmont of Hilitr::.%7 Government ~"" No. 59 (10/ "
November 1947), nnd uftor pnsscge 'of n pariod of tim~ considoroa sufficion~
for tho dissominnticn of k!!r'lwlango of its providons t a fur~her, inodif~gr:tion "
,in pelicy ~.s daemod n~visablQ. 'By n Diroctive, issuod 15 July 1948, ~rop
arty Control ,notion "ire.s directoc1 thoronftor only in thoso, ~o.l!es '."hol's II
..
•
notice of th. 0 filing of petitions undor Milltnry, Governm.ont Lnw lifo.
'with
tho Centrol Filing i~goncy 'NUS received. ,l. further DirQctivo, issuod. 3
~~ugust 1948, howovor, c.uthori!';od oxorcisE) of Proporty Control t'.otton,'not.
VIT~thllt('.llding tho fact thnt no potition :hp.d boon filoQ,'r1th thQ C\ilntru11/
Filing ~i.goricy :undorMilitc.ry Govorn.'UOnt Low No. 59, if it c.pporu-od thcdt '
irropo.rnblo dnmngo might ,bo dono to n clniln..~nt' s interosts unloss tho,
prop~rty woro to.kon into control.
59/.
,Ponding finel disposition of olcd.ms or petitions undor !Ulit::.ry Gpvcrn
mont Law No. 59, propor:tios under control will bo mc.nr.god afficiontly r,nd
impartil".lly.
Of tho 220,551 potitions rocoiv~c1 by tho Centr!".l FiUng i~goncY.1
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206,279 CdS of 30 Juno 1949 btwo boon fort'fC.rded to 100t'.1 Ro~ititution n\.'f,thor
i tio, for tint'.l ndjudio!'.ti on.·
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Stntus of Rostitut.ion 'Progr!:!,Tl- 30 Juno 1949
Duross propertios un'Jor control ~s of 30 June 1949 numborod 30,333.
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. Petitions'
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~:Z~f~~!!.o~e;~i~~~~t:ii;,"·.~:;~:±;~d~~;.~.~~::g~~~;Q~!~;~!~,~~itt::'·'k~:~:i"~!,:·~,2gf··1 '.'
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~4:.,I.~'of .tho so'., a~il:~bla .f,or ,~fna*,dii.p'0ll!Jits:~~,. , ~V. i'~l;i'ee* ,:ti,~'i-];lt'~di:sp~:sa~ .
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MHi:taryGo~~'r:nm~ht',~~w:iN~:~:,$9 i6, .'ht·.ptEi)~~irt'~}:diij~'llppli:~e.b'l~(:~o.. ;t11~ . ,
· U•. :~. Se ct~ ,re>f: 'fie::~ iJn:~ ;,:~?~Q,v~r,·: ~ml6:FeDr:ue.:~~ :i,~~.~_ ,.A'Z1'~~ r~~;t'~::6::i£~!~;fe:I~', ,'.,
.l:!Y "the Al ~ l.a d .IComma~da:turf"-'~, (tl;:~Qf,i. :~~~s~or:~:':s'!3e:t;.oFI!l),.:to,..th~.;1~l:l,!..~'P.uE),~.ger!:!l9?'~itl/~l:':
of tna City,of.'Bex:1iih:. pfov;tai'ngjfor;tlia'~'O'8taQ:]i'ishIiierit'o£ ,a'C:entr'e;;I: 1i1 i'lirig
".,
~gQn()y to'Tec~~ye .t~·p6ir:£si/~,n(i ~;l.a:iTIt~pf.)rte.it;d:rig\' to',:pr'ope~;Y'i'l:Q~a~;~d:.';·:jjri·,ti1ib .
.
· ~hree. We~;te r~ '~e;oto:'r~' :.0 f;:;~ijr.i~n ';,trs.ns~e:r~?d'. ~~d~ r.'~ .~~r,~:ss~'i~Qg9~~%tfc'~·s,·. ,
with Britfsh' ,e:i,ld' .Frenc,h .a:~);'h9r~-t;!iel5·vc()nt:i:rtuo9·e.ri4 e:a;:rllY'iri .fu;r,J':~~~.·.'a .' ,
Re'stltution La:vi
t.lie,··:tpio~:LJ;ti ~:te.rn SQC;;OrS o:r,'B.~,rrin ,v~e.s :prbm4l.:ga:~.(j!d •.
ni~h>v:ery' few' e*l::e'p~.ions 'tn~s un:~'ro'rm,law is the',s~o' {all
S. M:t:Htary,' ,
.for
Government, Law No_, ,59.
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by Gan.aral oI(a~ r.No:., :~{O~:':,~:i~~.pr.~vide i!l, ,th,t~' ·e,~~i.r;lfln;t'~ ha~e '\{Xltil:'~+::Deodl1l::-
· bar 1949J to ~r~lo;:ro~t:ltM£i9ncln'i!n,!S:.i~:Jriti:sh::,9ff:,i:9:t,!'lls.r.o~uo·st·:th:a,;t; ,cillo
~laiijls b~.riled.dir~c~lywi~n;. 'pa.3·Z.~ntr.Q.l:amt; ftler'V~:ii1l.@;onsyonve:H~ri:g~
,British' ZQno,'
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E~ ri;-: In \ 9~9:,a~ii~'.h ~il'i~~ry !lo~~;~'l¥"U~~:~iti.~ p~9.i,l~~t~~
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. ~, ~ s~~tu:tJ:~n:19.!(,.}l~,th9;l.r:".~~+taa.~~s:t . ~~o~tilc~;l:~?~lt t.~~',r<ls~:~~·1'r9n.:I~~~~ ,..
an .;tho U. 8. Zoru~" ;i:anli;:~lso.l.,4entl.~~o4· by :th9. ; same ,;number,' nW!lJ)ly" j Bntul:1:
·lIilitoryc. Go~i>'>:"'If*~t"""w'·,,!o; 59'.. ,.".
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,:~nlY ~:Ci~~:is'in!oic~sSc:"o'i 1,.600··marks
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, roquirodto mnko doolc.rntion to the,;o.cJn]inistro.tivo ho!?n (Lnndrat}o£ t~
ruro.l c1istriot (L('.~dkrois) or to th0 ohiof mnjor (Oberbuorgormolatar) of
t~o municipality (Stadtkrois) in which ho or sho rosidod.
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In tho, French Zono I all ,clo.ims for ro stitution havo to be filod with
in l~ months of date of cna.otment of Ordinl:'.nc.o ·No. 120, which bocc.I!lQ of,1
footl.vo 10, Novombor 1947 ,Tho FrGnch hnvoostablished spocie.l oourts in
or,ch Lund to try restitution cnses. Thoso courts consist of r, proddingl,
judgo £'.nc1 two othormombors, und tho courts hc,v0 exclusive jurisdiotion II
ovor :::..11 restitution cr.ses. Claims for roal proporty must be filed witH
the court in tho district in which' thoproporty is looo.tod. ,Cle.ims for
rostitution of porsonC'.l proj;lerty must be filon with tho court in tho
district whore tho 'porson hns his regUl~r placo of residoneo.
$
Stntus of
~stitution
unclo%- a Gonerr.l Ckins L.'1W
In the U. S. Zona, tho L.'1ondorrat, pU1'suant to rIJquest of Militr.ry
,Gove.rnment. has propc.rod f;nd submittod C'. Gonornl Claims Lr.w. S~id lew wns
,
,
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not ('.pprovodby Military Govornment ,nnd or.rly in 1949 we.s returnod to tno
Lc,Eindorrnt for ~omplinnco' with Milit:::..ry Governmant suggostions.
II
To do.to no compar('.blo notion hr.s beon tc.kon in tho British Zona. In
tho Fronch Zona, tho rodross ,of wrqngs rasulting in da.maLS"Os or porsonnl
injurios, not ,connoctod vvith cbims for .the rosi;;itution of1dontlflr.blell
prop~rty, hns bO,.,on ChP,.rgOd ns c. Gonn.c.n rosponsibility: undor Ordnancl) Nor'
164.
I
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CONCLUSION
Follov{ing 'iorB Hr.r No. I, tho V'rorld snw Gol'Illnnyin tho throos of hor
groa.tost p~nic in hist~ry. Roprosentntivos of foreign' industrios nnd ih
dividunls of all countries, to.king e>.dvn1'1ta.go of tho unehoeked inflC\tion:~
desconded upon this destruction rmd bought lc.rgo blocks of buil(linGs, II
homos o.nd pl::mts, c.t only ('. frC'.ction of tboir ree.l VC'.luo. Mo~tgngos, lJd.fo
insurnnoe and pensions becomcVlo~hless. Soma nuthoritios point toth~s
period 0.5 nurturing tho seGds of l~('.zii.sm and tho subsequent "orld Yhlr II.
F~l1oWi~gij;orld
No.~I,
-vi('.r
'thoro 'fl'O.S • ngc. in a tendency toward in-I"
fll\t10n. However, thrmks tc control.s imposed by fnr-aoeing plnnner.s in
Washington, London nnd MiliJ.,;c.ry Govormnont, the infl6.tlon \ms kept und~r
control end we:;; in no wo.y comp!~ro.ble to thnt which followodTiorld Yio.r li.
No properties in tho U. S. Area of Control, Gormo.ny:, woro permittod to'
be purch~sod by foroigners, nor vro.s foroign co.pitnl permitted to take
ndw.ntr:go of tho destruction c.nr} destitution of tho Germr.".n nr.tio1'1. 'fo
,
0. large oxtent, Property ControlV'ms used to o.ccomplish tho desired ro-",
,
sult.
'
.
'
Thero ware millions of dollc.rs worth of ilmericc.n nnd J~lliod proportios
,
II
in Gor:rna.ny which ht.d to bo protoctod. Ther~ woos dancdfio:\tion, demilitc.r..
ism, doindustric.1izc.tion, rostituti,on !:'.ncl repcro.tlons which hnd .to be fnr..
riedout. Ponding finnl disposition undor tho, ,nbow~montioriod probr['.m~,
contr~l c,nd· pr:otoction of relc.tod pr~porties vmsnecoss!:'.ry. ~rop~rty Won
trol oustody wo.s tn.kon to romoVQ dos1 bncctoc!porsons r.nd orgo.nu.nt::tons from
positions of importo.nce t'.nd power, nnd ronder thom 'h/lrp.los's to tho proigrt'.m
of Domoo ra:tizc.t ion. 'Prop~rty Control custody 'VI.T.S, n6CO ssC'.ry to protoctll (?,
groc,t mo.s,s of prop~rty takon from its rightful 01imOrS by duress. ProPlcrty
Control, to c. largo extGnt,pr?tect?d tho bt),sic nssots. of ~rm..'\ny fronrl .
dissip2.tion f).nc., c,t too sc.mo t1mo, ·WO.S of tromonclous bonofl.t in proteofl.ng,
prop~rties of victims of discriminr.tion (md of foreign ownors~ During:
. tho periodthc.t proportios wor.o undorcontrol, they vroro mnn:::..god in c./r
businoss-:-likomo.nnor. \ Pln.ns 'were worked out dur:ing this pariod of o0l')jtrol,
providing for tho ordorly ,return of such proporties to thD Gonnc.n eoonomy,
c...nd for tho Cl.ccomp'iishment of Militr.ry Govo'rnI:10nt objoctivos.'
I
�I
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Numerous diffioulties were eneoonterri in acoomplishing tho Property
Control Program. During the early day-sof the Program, most of:the'ex
perienced and wall trained military personnel wero redeployed. It is felt
that some prog'ram could have been, establish~d whereby the serVices 9fsuch i
well trained personnel in Property Control matters eould have been retained.
during the most active' phase of taking properties 'into oustody.,
Capable custodians were, in many instanoes, dif.ficult to obtain. ,It
would have been of 4!uneasur::-.ble assistance if foreign Owners oi'properties
in the territory oooupied had been reiuired, at the time they were ·listing i •
their assets' in Germany (Form TFR..500), to nama p~rsons qualified to me.nage
their properties. Suoh lists could then have been distributed, to Property
Controllers at the appropriate time • Similar arrangements could have bfileJ::l
m.o.de' with other Alliod countries.
The task ofreturning~bsentee. owne'dpropartios to their Qwners vms
rendered difficult. Hare again, u better job coula have been d~ne if
owners ho:d been told, at the time they.were listing their foreign assets,
and reoommending their custodians. that hilitary Government wauld ulti.. .
mntely rel,easa tho properties" if taken, intooustody, to tho agent numod"
at such time when Milito.ry Govornmant considored the timeu'ppropriate ..
o·r
Vihon the timeoame, for the disposition
the vurious' eo.tagoriQs at
properties undor control, numerous 1a1'1s, dirootl"1"Os, ~to •• had to. 1>0 de
visod and promu1'gatod. In many instanO(,i)8, ,tho time required in obtuining .
tho necessary ooneurronoos of ()thor.intor(;)stodDlvisions of Milito.ry
Govornmont took as long as nino months. It is boliQvod that valuable
time .could he.vo been suved if reprosonto.tlves of other Divisions, ospo
oia11y tho Legal Division, hr'.dboon permanontly attached to the Property
Control Branch, to work along with them in .tho propnrnt1on ofaueh
implom(j nto.t lon, and if such ropresontt'.tive had sufficiont authority to
conour for his po.rtioulo.rbro.nch of Military Govornmont. Tho above
observntlon, of courso, has no reforenco to tho unnvoidable doluys
cnused by' obtcdninr; ooncurr'once s whero roquirod of othor ocaq,pying
Powers.
'
.
.
. In thefioldof deno.z1:!'ication, npprox1nlo.toly 75;000 propol'tiesba.. '
longing to Nazis or acoused Nazis ~oro 'tak~n into custody. Many of those
properties were smull, privc.to homes (lna d1\rQllings. AI of . 30 JullO .1949, .
approximately 1600 No.d properties hud beob confisc~.tad. It is foltthc.t
tho dennzification objoctiva could havo boon rouched,l'Ii.th much 1<35S
'diffioulty, by restricting the taking into oustody of Nn:! properties
to 1e.rg9 and stro.togicentorprisos. Blocking controls were ad~qu['.toto.
prevent wholesale dissipution of the romaining p'ropertia8 pending finnl
disposition of tho denazifice.tion trials.' ' .
.
.
As t\ wholo, 'it ,is boliovedl' thc.t futuro Mllitv.ryGo'lternmont ~istorin1ts .'
will considar tho work of tho oarly plo.llllors of thaProp9rty Control ProgrC'.m
a.nd of tho subsequent responsible o:t:ficit:'.ls ~.s having boon oxtroilloly sue
. cos81\1l.
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FRED E. 'ruunzscH
Chiof
Prope rty Contro 1 o.nd Externc.l L.ssots BrC'.noh
Prop~rty Division, OMGUS
.'
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED 'STATES llREA oF CONTROL
.
-.
ANl~
XXII
~"
, LOf
DISPO~ING'()F' PRO~JiTIES
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TEEtmH'EDSl'laESZONE oF
OCCUPl..l'ION liND THE UNITED S'l'J~TES SEC,TOR OF BBlRLnT
RAVING BELoNGEfD TomFoRiirER GERMAN REICH 'lim TO' THE FORMER G'SRW.1!
S,l'IIl'ES ~ . LAENDER OI,tPROViNdEs (iNCLUDI~G THE S'TAXEOF ~US~It:)
, Whereas.it is ,desired toollirtf!T title
states Zone and the United States Sector 'cif
longed to the, G~r~, Reich: or to' any' of the
Pr6vince8 (including,the state otFrussia) i
Whereas it
property; .
is
-
to propartylooate,din the
lad
Berlin,whj;csh,cn e lfuy 1945,
Geri:n8n statea, Laender or
.
and '. ,
.
deemad, expedieXlt to provicie ~,for'the diapQsitt~n
or
,IT IS' HEREBY ORDERED 1.:3. FoIidRs:
JlRTIcLE. I .
1,; ./J..l property' in the United' States Zone· o,fGerlll8llY and,aubjeot. t
the prcWisions ,oontain'ect'in Artiole XIV, paragraph is hl?reof" n:ll'pp~pe
.
the United S:tates Sector of' Berlin, whichon6May'1945waa.oWhed dire ly
or indi;rect~y by ~he GerrnsnReioh 'or
of the ~'~'a:ates;' Le:~Ilderorl '
Provinces, (l.nclud1ng the, .Stll:t.eof PrU8Sl.a), .the dl.SPCSs1tl.?n~ ofwhl:~h has. I
heretofore, been.atithor.hed', ,or provided for PUfsu~t to M:d1.tary Go"e-'''''''."':+
legislation; is hereby sei~ed. '411 'rights" interest arid ~itla, in ~d to
property ,are' vested. in' the, Mi l1tary Government for, Germany (us) and
with disposedo£ as provided'Qy this Law.
'
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in
anr
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2. The Minist'er Prs'sident (in Bremen the President of the
BerlinthEl Oberbuergermeistar)" or suoh 9ther offiei('.l as ni£.l.y. be delS.
by J:;im, is herebydesigna~ed and authorized toeffactnece'tqmry tr
t it1.e pursuant to the provisions of ,.6tt iele IV;, ptiragr~phs4 and 5; •
. paragraphs 7 Wid 8;; .t.rt1cleVI, paragraph 10 iand 1.rtiqle VlI" pu.r,ur,r·"
liRTIClE . HI
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3. The us'a of pr opei tty by theOcoupntion Forces .shell not be ,dSemd to
prevent the transfer of' title nceord1ngto .the pr.o/bions ot th.iI .~~ ,:t>
such usa shall contint,le lmtiltho property is re'leasedby the Oceupo:~.~,~
Forces.'
.ARTICLE,IV,
,
'f
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4~ 'Subject to the providons contame<finJ'rticle vtI. pli1"ngrnph 1
hereor~ Reich property seized under l~Hole I he1'eo~ ~lileh eon.~i~~ted 'o'r
. (lit ,Buil4ings" together w~th allfixtures~andturnishings, the
normal prinoipaLuee 9f which was the housing of offices of' the jlefeh
Government; ,
'
health
.
b. Property devoted to the uses of the' customa,publie
weatherserwices J li'ghthousesand other na:vigational aids; ahd fisheries,
.
.0'. "
'.'
.',
Property devoted to the uses of the
ReiohSba~.
bahn, the Reich Vfaterways, Elnd ,the Reiohspost' (exoept
graph 5 below);
DIld'
,
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9.S
.
the Re
proVided in
"
,
d~Pro:perty devoted to ,.the~eof the War' Jensiori.s System
versorgungewasen) ari~other mutual benefit or 1nsti:rances~te~,
.
'-93
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.
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is hereby transferred to tho Land in which such property is
situated (or" i f situated in the United stf:.tesSector of Berlin" to the Ci~tv'
of Berlin), us trustee, in trust for such German state above the Laendl3i' £lsi
may be recognized b;;:-, the US, UK and French Militory Governments.. During the
period of trusteeship, presently existing arrangements regarding the
II
,possession, mruH';.gement. and use of the propoI'ties described in this pa.ragrnp,h
will be c~nt inued,
l~ ss o~he r o.rrongements thorefor. are m£l.do as may be. II.
doemed su~tablc by M~l~tery Government or the appropr~&ta German authorit1?s.
Such of the property described in this paragraph a.s may be desig7;latcd by t~e
legislutive body of such German Stute as may be ?:"';cognized shall. 8ubjeet ~o
the approvs.l of Military Govornment, 'be finally transferred to thnt Ger:mF..n11
State. ./!$ to property not so designa.ted and property the transfer of whieh
is not so upproved within one yer,r ufter t,he crer.tion of tho Gormr..n State I
herein referred to, the trust sh::'.l1 terminnte at that time, find the Lund in
which. it islocded(or, if .loco.ted in the thited St!"tes SeotQr of Berlin.
the City of Berlin), shull havo full~mership thereof.
ur:
" 5. Property of the forme,r Reichspost usod direct ly or indil-oet ly for
the purpose of re.dio brot,dco.sting on 31 Iecember 1948 is hereby trt:'.nsferrdd
to the public service broadcasting institution orgcllized in each utlld
II
pursue.nt to German legislation. In the event thnt no publio servioe bro£ld
onsting institution, eligible to receive sueh property, is in oxistenee
the effective date of this Luw in 11 given Lund, such property is tl'nnsfer~ed
to the L~nd us trustee, in trust for 0. pub 1i9 service broudcasting instit¥ion
eligible to receive such property. The Lruld .shall tr()nsfar the property to
such institution immediately upon its coming into being.
oJ
llRTICLE V
6 _ Title to property seized under llrlicle I heroof ,·"hich.wc.s ov.rned Ion
8 Mny 1945 by any of the' then-existing Gormnn str,tes, Lnendor or Provinco~
(including the state of Prussia), part of flll of whose ,territories nro ndtv
ombraced within tho spc cified nreu, as do fined in .J.irticlo XII c..nd. he re in-il .
nftor referred to ns tho "specified flrec.!I J is hereby vested, oxcopt l'.S pro ..
vided in Article VI, pc.ragraph 10~ereof, in tho L~d in which such propdrty
is loco.tod on the effectiv~ date of this Lmv (or in the City of Borlin,
if locded in the United Stutes Sector of Berlin).
.
.
I
,
7
Vlhore r, corpor€ " te entity, the mnjority interest' in which
I
ownod by tho Germun Reich or any of the former Gormen stc,toa" Lnendor' or .
.
.
..../
,
wc\s
&.
Provinces (including the Stdeof Prussic.), hes property locded ,within"
but hcs its seat outside the specified c.roll, such property shall be trcns
farred to. the Land in, the specified~re,a in which it is: located,o.s·
II
trustee, ~n trust for Co new corporat~on. Such corpOr(l.tlon shnll be forlT'.0d
one year after the. effective dute of this Lf:.w, or d such anrHer do:to a~
may be approvGd by MilitE'.ry Government, by tho Lund lvithin the ~poeified!1
o.ren hoving the greatest particip£"tion in the 014 corporato entity_. Thol
stock or other indicic of ownership of the nev" corporation shn11 represent
tho vnluo of 011 the nssets of the former co rpo rc.tion· loce:ced 'within thol
. specifiednroa and shall be distributed omong tho Laonder thoro(lf in th0
s,nmo proportion thnt their stock in·the old corpon'.tion rolE,ted'to tho
entir~ stock of, the old corporation outstCJlding in'the specified o.rol:'• •
I
8. If no Lund in the specified areo. is found to have hc,d n part1ei!
pc.tion in-:he old corpor~tion, tho trust sh&.1:- te~inc.te ono yoornrterll
the offect~ve deto of thls Law,' nnd tho Lund ln WhlCh the nssets are loec.tod
(or if loc£"ted in the thitod stc.tos Sector of B8rlin, the City of BcrliA), ,
sholl have full ownership thereof ~
II
90 Privately-owned minority interests in the old corporations sho. 11
be dec.lt with' in nccordl':nce with Il plan to be approved by Military
I
Government.
l
ARTICLE VI
10. Title to' property located on tho offective dc.to of this Lr,w in,
the United Stntes Zono of Germnny ond in the United str.tes So ctor. of B~rlin,
consisting of works of o.rt, culturel objects,. ste.tues, !':Ild o.ppurtonl'.noJ:s
of museums, hnving belonged on 8 Mc.y 1945 to the Germc.n Reich or to b.n* of
··94~,
�Box
the German stntes" Lc.ender or ,Provinces (including the stnte .ofPr'ussit'J"
w,hose torrit orieslie prinoipally outs ide the spe olfiod' tit;'oa. is 'hereby I
vestod in the Lnnd where such property is loaded (or in the City o,f, I
Berlin, if looated in the United Stlltes Sector of Berlin) Ins trustee. in
,trust for 1;he German Stftte, referred to in lll"tl.cle IV, pato.gro.ph 4: hered.!'.
ro:d.shnll, after the formc.t,ion of .ijUCh G.ermr.II State.,~lld upon,.thco:derllef.,'"
Mlhtc.ry Government. be trtll1sferred' by the ngents de,ngnntod 1n ill't;1ele II,
hereof to such Stc.te. Until the time of such trmsfer.prcsentwrmgeme:nt15'
will be continuod 'or' 'such other arrongements will be made forthc ,cere ~nd
custody of such property as may be decmed suitablo by the approprlnte
authorities.
'
,
, 1..R,TICLE VII'
ll. Notwithstending the fac,t that it may ha.ve been Ul5ed' by tho Reieh ,
for nny of the purposes enumerated in IJttic1e IV, pnragraph 4 hereof, I"
property seized under lJrtic10 I hereof, which subsequent to 30 JrmuN-Y 1933.
WE'.s acquired by the Germr..nReich or by nny of the fOrmo,.' r Garmon st~tP15.I' c.bd,
Wns taken from e. trade union, cooperative. politicd pnrty or frIlY oth.or ' ,
democrntic orgeJ1izv.tion, is hereby tr:msferrcd to the 'Lt.nd, in 1vhich s('.ifi '
property is 10cnte4 ,(or to the City of ,Borlin" if located, in, the' Unitedll ' '
States Sector of Berlin). ns tr",stee" . in ,trust for tho, former owner:or~
where no exist ing o. rgnnizct ion is I'lomplcte 1y' ident ica1 with tho 'orgnnisW.t ion,
whioh Was 'tho former ovmsr of :the property, for a neworganizr.tion, qr II' "
organizations npprovod by Military Government, whoso ni~ arcsimi1a~ to .
those of tho former owner., ,Tho c.gents designuted in l.rtic1oIi hereof I . ,
shall ass,oon ns possible, t:-cnsfer t~tle to suoh property to, the formoL ",
ownor or successor org€ m izut10n.
Thetrr.nsfer ot property to'such orgnnuv.·
t ions shall be nli'.do in the mt.nner provided for the transfor of.properti~:s'
of Na,zi orgnnizntions by Control Counoil Direotive Uo. 50"llilitnry'Go~rn-'
ment lnw No. 58, and lnws and instructions in imp1emento.tion theroof. I'
&
.
. 1l.RTI CLE VI II
.
, 12. ' Title to property seized under. i.rti~le I h'3reef, the dispositi:on', '
of 1I'lhioh is not othorw-ise provided for in this Lnw. is hereby ve;;;tcd, inll the
Lrmd in ',which such property is 100ated (or in the, City of Bcrlin, if1~oat0d
in the Un.ited str.tes SccitoT,of Berlin).'
, ' " ,
'
'. "
l.RTICLE IX
13. Rocipio~ts of prop~rty pursurnt to this Lnw shall boU:'c.blo for~
m(\y be called upon to pf'.y chr.rges agc.inst tho property. existing ('.~I
tho, dnte of trnnsfor, up'to on nmount'oqual to tho vr.1uo ,of such Pz:'opcriity.
and
llRTICLE X
14. Tho following oate gories of property nrc oxempted trom ,the
oporr.tionof,this L£'i.w:
o.~
JJ.l oulture1 CLl1d historic archives end pupl1e. privc.to, or I '
eco1osinstio£'.1 doouments or rocords relding to activities. rights, o~t'~ims.
trot'.tios, c'onstitutions~ ete. 1 of fcunilies, eorporr.tions,. '. ootmnunitics. II
churches or ate.te,s, which subsequent to 1 September 1939 wore removedt-rom
em (lrc€'. of Gorm('.ny other ~hnn tho specifiodare,a;
,,' ' , ' . .
'",.
'II'
b. Reichsmark credit bn.lnnces vrith tinnncic.llnstitutions inttho
specifiodc.ren. in-eluding RoichsIllt'.rk crodit ba1r:nees which origin,t'.,.()~ ,1!f)101y
from tho deposits of old curr,ency bnnknotes subject to surrender in ,. II "
nccordance with Military Government Lnw 1:10 61 (Curroncykl.w) _ exstinguiJshed
by the oporu,tion of }~i1itc:.ry Go~Ornmcnt'Lc~ N~ 63 (Conv_ersion :t.o.w); ,II
.
.
~.
Propert1es owned d1rootly orlIlduo'ct1y by the Germt:'n l;t.oiCfh and
used for;'or in connection with the production, distribution' and exliiblltitm
. of motion ~icture films i '
, "
,.,
' II
',
I
<i. 'Properties of tho,irbn, steEl1 and oor:.l1industries, subjeot to
Military G6vo,rnment u.w'No. 75
'"
,',
I
�ARTICLE XI
,
,
'
15. For tho purpose of this L~,w, property shr-.iJ-bo ooo!IDd to be '
looated o.t tho plcce of its norme.l situs.
JiRTIOLE XII
in
16. The Itspocified'nrer.", (\.6 referred to
tl1is lAw" she.l1 me€Jl
wender Btwt::.rin.. Bremen, Resse, VVuorttcmberg-Baden" tmd. the ,United st
Sootor of Berlin. UP9n the ennctmentby the respeotivo Ml11tcry r.~~~'~"?~~I+'S
of legislution which is determined by the Militnry Govern:mOnt for
" (US) to be similn.r to this IL'If, the specified urcc. shn1l inolude
Niedereo.ehsen, ,Nordrheinft~0stphulen.l S,chleswig-Holste,in.. HohS08't;o.dt
Bliden. Vfuerttemberg,lHohonzollern, Rhcinlc.nd/nc.ll. n..'1dtho Brithh r..nd.
FrGnch sectors of B(:rlin~ in c.ll cnscs AS ,constituted on 1 Sep'uml.bel" 1
.ARTI aLE XI II
by
17. ,1h1ess ~therw1se ordered
Militc.ry GOvernment, tho 'Minister
President of onoh Lend (in BrelWn the Preaident ot th~ Sonate & in Bcrl
the Oborbucrgerooister) 'or C'.iJ.y upproprio.te off1.Qinls 'dcs ignc.tod by him,
she.ll i:5sue the legal and ndministrt'.tive regulations nOCO:5snry tOl" the
implcIOOnto.t ion of thi,lS Lnv: ~
ARTICLE XIV
18. Properlyh&ving the nnvuro of public utilit ies, Which is locd
in the thited states Sector of Berlin o.nd'which is pnrt ot an economie
situutod end operc.ting in more thnn one sector of BCl"iin, including,'
limited to. properties of the Roichsbahn. tho Ra1ehenutobahn c.nd tho·
Reiohspo~t, sho.ll not be c.rfcctodby this Lc.w oxcept pursut'..n.t to Ordors
Regulations UQ.<:1Gr· this Lnw whish may be iSsued by tho Office of Milit
Government for GcrmtJ:1y , (US)..
:
" ,
.
'.
ARTICL& XV
19. kly legisle.tion inconsistent with any of the proVisions
La.v is hereby rope~.led.
20. The Germr.h Str-.tc. referred to in l,rtiolo IVII pr.ragraph 4 ho
1!it'.y sot v.side nny disposition of proportyto tho leendcr, pursU!'l1t to
Lr.\v, when such disposition is contrt'l.ry to thnt whiehmc..y beprovidedib i
the brus io lfiw of s,cid Gormt'l1 Stt'~to, whon such be.aio lc.w boco!Ws etfa
IlRTI CLE n I , '
21.. This .Lo.w l:ocomos effectiv~ in Bo.var~c..I. lYueptt0mt:Gl"g...Bc-.don..
Bremen, and the Thll.toqStc.tes Sector of Borlln on 201~rll 1949 •.
BY ORDER 'OF THE MILITIJlY GOVERNlrnmT .•
t
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
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Paper
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Title
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Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [3]
Creator
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-3
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/fab4834e8bbf7e7466fd6ed2a321ee02.pdf
c747effaf49852273348fc972900768a
PDF Text
Text
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,BLOCKED
FOREIGN ASSETS
IN THE'
UNITED STATES
I~
:,
.
Summary Report of 1983-84
Census of Blocked Property
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
Department of the Treasury
Washington, D.C. 20220 ' ,
"
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BLOCKED
FOREIGN ASSETS
IN THE
UNITED STATES,
I
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I
,Summary Report of 1 983~84
Census ()f Blocked Property
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Conducted by the
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OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL
Office of the Assistant Secretary
. (Enforcement and Operations)
Department of the Treasury
Washington, D.C. 20220
:-:
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-
.~
.
LEITER OF TRANSMIITAL
The Department of the Treasury bears important responsibilities for
administration of trade and financial restrictions imposed by the United
_======================================;sTtflia~te~s;!i0~n~ste~le(c),teffdic~~o~re~igncountries in time o~acoLnationaLemergem~y"~~~===~
Tfirough the Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Department admin
isters sanctions based on Presidential emergency powers invoked under
the authority of Section 5(b) of the Trading With the Enemy Act, the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act, and related statutes.
These restrictions generally amount to a total financial and trade embargo
against the affected country and include a blocking or "freezing" of its
assets.
The countries currentry subject to full economic sanctions, including
fr(!ezing of their assets, are Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, and Cambodia
(Kampuchea). In addition, the Office administers certain remaining re
strictions on the assets of the Government of Iran following the hostage
crisis and a residual freeze on certain assets of East Germany' and the
B,attic countries frozen since World War II.
The Office has just completed a two-year project involving the most
comprehensive statistical surveyor census of the assets that has been
conducted since World War II. Based on our experien'ce with the claims
settlements with The People's Republic of China in 1979 and with Iran in
1981, the information obtained in the census will be of great value to the
U .S. Government for planning purposes and will also assist the Treasury
in the preservation of blocked assets and enhancement of their value for
the benefit of U.S. claimants. In the following report, the results of the
census are being made available, in an aggregate form, for the benefit of
holders of the assets, U.S. claimants, government officials, and other
interested parties.
The completion of this important project was due to the efforts of the
Foreign Assets Control Census Section including Loren Dohm, Section
Chief; Elizabeth Farrow; and Catherine Shemuha. The compilation of the
"
information was accomplished with the support of Treasury's Office of
Information Systems.
Dennis M. O'Connell
Director'
,
Office of Foreign Assets Control
May 1985
John M. Walker, Jr.
Assistant. Secretary
(Enforcement & Operations)
�t
\.
'-..
CONTENTS
k
:.'.
L BACKGROUND ........ ,.,.".".,;, ..... ,., .... .
1
II, BLOCKING CONTROLS., .. , ... , ..... , ........... .
Ill. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS .................... , , ... .
3
IV. SUMMARY OF RESULTS ". " , , ........• , ... , . , , ..
5
{
I
,
,
)
A. Foreign Assets Control Regulations ...... ; ..... .
Vietnam ..... ' .............. , ........... .
Cambodia .............. ·, .............. .
7
8
10
B.. Cuban Assets Control Regulations .... ,',.,., .. .
Cuba, ... , ... , ....... , .......... , ..... .
13
I
I
I
I
I
C, . Foreign Funds Control Regulations . : ........... .
East Germany ............... , ........... .
Estonia ........................ , ...... .
Latvia ................ ,' ............... .
Lithuania ........ , ................... , ..
Czechoslovakia ............. " ... ,' .. ',.,
Appendix-Iranian Assets Control Regulations
14
17
18
20
22
24
26
29
�~
!
I. BACKGROUND
The Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control
("OFAC"), has conducted a census of property blocked by the Foreign
Assets Control Regulations ' , the Cuban Assets Control Reg'Su.,;"la.,.,;t"""io"""n"""s~2,:",:a=n"""d.=====e==t==
the ForeigifFUnos CoritrolRegulations 3 (hereinafter collectively referred
to as "the blocking controls"). Foreign countries of which property is
blocked under the controls include'Cambodia (Kampuchea), Cuba, East
Germany (German Democratic Republic), North Korea, North and South
Vietnam. and the Baltic' states of Estonia. Latvia. and Lithuania. The
census also collected information on Czechoslovak property formerly
blocked by the Foreign Funds Control Regulations. Property blocked by
the Iranian Assets Control Regulations4 (see Appendix) was not subject to
the.census reporting requirements.
The census was undertaken to provide information for use by the
Treasury Department in the preservation and maintenance of blocked
assets and in the administration of the blocking controls. [n addition, the
information obtained should prove useful to the State Department in
possible future claims settlement negotiations and to the Congress in
considering proposed claims settlement legislation. The census was also
undertaken to assist the Government ·of Czechoslovakia in locating for
merly-blocked Czechoslovak property" which was unblocked on March
19, 1982 pursuant to the U.S.-Czechoslovak Agreement concerning the
settlement of outstanding claims and financial issues.
II. BWCKING CONTROLS
Blocking, or "freezing," of foreign-owned assets is a type of economic
which can be applied selectively to a particular country, or group
of countries, in time of war or in response to a national emergency
situation such as the Iranian hostage crisis. The blocking controls can
range from a simple freeze of some or all assets under U.S. jurisdiction to
a complete embargo on any form of commercial or financial transaction
whatsoever. The controls mayor may not extend to assets of individuals
and privately-owned companies depending on the provisions of the imple
menting regulations.
An essential aspect of blocking controls is the immediate imposition of
an across-the-board prohibition against a transfer of any kind. The U.S.
holder is prohibited from engaging in any transaction with respect to
san~tion
'31 CFR
231 CFR
331 CFR
'31'CFR
ParI 500.
ParI 515.
ParI 520.
PMI 535.
�"'T~::'
. I
property in .which a designated country' has an interest, direct or indirect,
exce~t as ~Icensed by. the Treasury Department. Title to the property
re~~ms with the deslgn~ted co~ntry, but t~e .exercise of powers and
no~ally
associated· with ownership IS regulated by Treasury
a U.S. bank, unless so licensed, would be
payment orders (e.g. checks, drafts, telex
tnstructlO~S) or' eff~ctl~g~ ~ffsets a~a~nst an account heldJoUh~desigh====nllate~co~n~ry;-ana wouJ(f be prohibited from any further extension of
credit: SII~lIlarly, a U.S. holder of tangible property, commercial credits,
or o~h~atlOns of any kin~ belonging to the designated country wouldbe
prohibited fro~ transfe.r:'ng or liq~idati~g such property. or obligations,
or from extendmg additional credits, without a license.
. Trea~ury Department licensing policy is formulated in close cooperalion ~Ith the Departments of State, Justice, and Defense and other
. e.xecuttve br,~ch .ag~~c!es. Licenses. may take the form of "general"
hcen.s~s or speCific. hcenses. General licenses are promulgated as
provlsl<>,ns of t~e apphcable regulations and authorize certain categories of
transaCtions wlt~out the need for individual written applications to OFAC.
The use of such licenses allows the objectives ofthe controls to be attained
~hile plaCing. a min~mum of burden on. U.S. holders and interfering as
httle as poSSIble With the legitimate investment decisions of foreign
owners.
Transactions of a type that are consistent with established investment or
banking practice' and that are not used to circumvent the controls or for /
purposes inconsistent with the blocking are frequently pennitted by
general license. For example, aU.S. bank holding a blocked deposit is
pennitted by general license to transfer the deposit from a savings account
to a certificate of deposit or even to transfer the deposit to another U.S.
bank at the direction of the foreign owner provided that the beneficial
owner is not changed and the deposit remains identified as blocked. It is
incumbent upon the U. S. holder to see that all conditions of the license are
met. General licenses also pennit blocked accounts to be debited for such
things as service charges, fees, and taxes. In most cases, transactions
conducted under general licenses' do not require direct notification or
approval of OFAC. However, a record of all' transactions subject to the
regulations must be maintained for at least two years.
Specific licenses require individual applications to OFAC and are
considered on a case-by-case basis. In most instances, the availability of
specific licenses for a particular class of transactions is noted in the
regula~ions, and there is a description of the criteria necessary for issuing
such hcenses. For example, the unblocking of assets of bl~cked part_
pnvlleges
Dep~t.ment license. ~us
~rohlbl~ed from hon~nng
~A "designated country" is a country subj~cl io Treasury freezingand.embargo.regula
lions. BI()!:king usually extends to'''nationals'' of Ihe designated country, as defined in the
relevant regulations. Such nationals may include any individual or organization, wherever
located, acting for oron behalf of the designated country, as detennined by the Secretary of
the Treasury. Such persons are known as "specialJy desi~nated nationals."
2
nerships on a pro-rata share basis in cases where one or more of the
partners has emigrated from the blocked count~ ma~ ~e authorized. after
specific application to OFAC, in accordance with pohcles set forth m the
applicable regulations.
.
.
Blocking controls in peacetime have been Imposed (or retamed fr?m
wartime) for a variety of reasons in recent U.S. histo~y. The blockmg
controls-at'feeting=eeu~tFies-~sei>fopert.y=w~s-t~e=subjeeH)f-the=eensus~
have been imposed with certam common obJect~ves:
.
1. To deny authorities in the designate.d ~o~ntnes use of. asse~s located
in the United States for purposes tnlmlcal to Amencan mter~s~s;
2.
protect .the true owner~ of the as~ets ~rom a~tempts by aut~ontles
m the deSignated countnes to nationalIze pnvate ~roperty, .
3. To preserVe. a "pool" .of blocked assets for posslb~e. use l~ the
settlement of U.S. claims andlor for u~e a~ a bargam~ng chip or
lever in negotiating ~n eventual nonna~lzatl?n of rel~tlOns. .
Blocking controls were m~oked ~nder preSidential authonty cont.amed
in Section 5(b) of the Tradmg WI~ the Enemy Act of 191 ~ pnor to
congressional passage of the Interna~lOnal Eme~gency Economl~. Powers
Act of 1977. 6 The 1977 Act essentially recodIfied, for peacetime use,
most Presidential pow~rs previously cont.ained in Section ~(b) and
provided that controls m effect under SectIOn 5(b) that preexisted the
passage of the 1977 Act remain in effect.
:0
ill. SCOPE OF THE CENSUS
Some of the property required to be reported on the census has been the
subject ~f prior censuses or surveys conducted by the U.S. Government.
Fonnal censuses were. last conducted on blocked East European assets in
1950, North Korean assets in 1951, and Cuban assets in 1964. Blocked
Vietnamese and Cambodian assets have never been the subject of a fonnal
census, although a telephone survey of large Vietnamese accounts at
major banks was conducted by OFAC in 1975. Substantial changesjn the
value, location, and composition of the property have occurred over the
years, however, making current estimates based on these earlier survey
findings unreliable.
Changes in the value, location, and composition of the blocked assets
have resulted from fluctuations in property values as well as from transac
tions pennitted by various licenses. In general, decreases have resulted
from the payment of nonnal fees and charges and from unblockings
sanctioned by certain licenses: Such unblockings usually occur when the
owner·ofblocked property establishes that· he no longer resides in, or is a
"An exception to this was the Rhodesian sanctions which were in effect from 1968 until
1979. The Rhodesian Sanction Regulations (31 CFR Part 530) were imposed under
authority of Section 5 of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945.
3
�."
.
'
.. '.
!!!t
:---" . ~
,.
,
\
IV. SUMMARY OF RESULTS
national of, the designated country, or when a blocked estate is settled and
the beneficiaries reside outside the designated country.
,
. I!lcreases in blocked aS,sets generall~ result from accru~ng interest or
~lVIdends, froll! OFAC enforcement actions, from the creatIOn of bl~c.ked
Interests resu.ltlOg from the settlement of estates where a beneficIary
resides in a blocked country, or from similar operations of law. A substantlal consolidation oLbJocked.fundsinto.banks,has 0GGuFfed=as,a_resuIFof
Treasury Departmentrequireme~ts,. effective since 19 9 , that most
blocked funds, matured debt oblIgatIOns, and free credIt balances be
transferred to interest-bearing accounts at domestic banks. In addition,
the ~peration ove: the years of stateabandone~ property laws which
requIre that finanCIal accounts dormant for a specIfied number of years be
transferre~ to state custody has re~ulted in a sub~tantial concentration of
acco.unts In the: custody of certam states, partIcularly New York and.
Flonda.
C~nsus reporting requirements were published in the Federal Reg~ster
on September 14, 1983 as amendments to the three sets of regulatIOns
cited abov.e, Reports on Form TFR-611, "Report of Blocked Property,"
were reqUIred by law from all p~rsons .who, as of June 3D, 1983, held
property blocked by the controls(lOclud.lOg formerly-blocked <?zechoslovak property). Reports were also reqUIred from all corporatIOns, partnerships, trusts, or other organizations in which there existed a blocked
interest. Such blocked interests were reportable regardless of where
physical evidence of o~nership.(~.g. the actual stock or bond certificate)
was located. The deadlIne for filIng TFR-611 reports was December I,
1983, Extensions of the reporting deadline were granted when necessary.
Report forms and instructions were made available at the Treasury
Department in Washington, D.C., and at regional Federal Reserve banks.
In addition, forms and instructions were mailed directly to the following:
six hundred of the largest banks and financial institutions in the United
States, fifty state abandoned property agencies, persons identifiable from
OFAC records believed to have knowledge of blocked property, and all
known respondents to prior U. S, Government surveys of blocked proper
ty belonging to the designated countries.
The Treasury Department regards the specific information submitted
on Form TFR-6Il as commercial or financial information that is priv
ileged and confidential and of the type normally exempt from disclosure
under the Freedom of Information Act. Certain information regarding
formerly-blocked Czechoslovak property, which was unblocked on
March 19,1982, may be provided to the Government ofCzechqslovakia
pursuant to the U.S.-Czechoslovak Agreement concerning the settlement
of certain outstanding claims and financial issues.
o
7
4
.
\
The results of the census are presented below. A brief historical
summary of each set of regulations then foIl~ws alo~g with individual
country tables and discussions of significant .ltems. ~1O~e. Treasury Detent policy is to neither publish or dISclose mdlvldual account
r:;o:ation, the results are presented in aggregate form only. . _
S eral points should be noted regarding the totals presented. FIrst, the
tota~svshown are for property valued as of June ~O, 1983. Since ~hat date,
th
have been substantial fluctuations in pnce for several Items ree~e d particularly securities and gold bullion. Second, the totals reflect
~rr:p~rts received by OFAC as of June 30, 1984. The totals present~d,
thou h believed to be substantially complete and accurate, may req.ulre
min! revisions as new 'information is obta!ned and re~~rts are receIved
from persons who failed to file when reqUIred. In addltl?n, OFAC. may
require periodic updates from some or all reporters to momtor compliance
with the blocking controls and to ensure estimates .based on t,h~ census
results remain accurate. All totals thus remain subject to revIsIon:
.A third point to be.noted is that the totals contain. only recoverable Ite.ms
with actual or known market values. Exa~pl.es IOcI~de bank. deposits,
debt and equity securities, gold bullion:' IIqu~dat.ed Int~rests 10 ~states,
and the cash value of life insurance poliCIes. Slgmficant Items of IOdeter
minable value or of a special or contingent nature are shown separately
with the individual country tables. Examples include the unknown. contents of sealed safe deposit boxes and defaulted unsecured bonds belIeved
to be worthless.'
Summary Results of OFAC 1983-84
Comprehensive Census of Blocked Property
(Values as of June 30, 1983)
Vietnam " ....... " .. , ...... ,", ... " .................... .
Cambodia (Kampuchea) ................................... .
Cuba ................................................... .
East ?ermany (German Democratic Republic) .: ................ .
Estoma ................................................ .
Latvia .................................................... .
Lithuania .................... : .......................... .
Czechoslovakia* ....................... ~ ................... .
scUltmcnl
was unblocked on March 19. 1982 ptlnouant
and financial b~ue~.
10
thl:
U.S.~zct:hosloval.
$150,317,419
19,317,922
67,042,287
71,938
35,279,259
35,248,470
180,818
282,828
agreement
conc~ming
UK:
AI •• : _ .•
5
�C) Foreign Funds Control Regulations
r
'.
)
.(
The Foreign Funds Control Regulations ("FFC Regulations") were
issued by the Secretary of the Treasury on April 10, 1940 under Executive
Order 8389 and Section 5(b) of the Trading With the Enemy Act.
Instituted after the German invasion of Norway and Denmark in early
1940, the Foreign Funds Control program's initial purpose was to prevent
. U cOuntries'
----
prevent forced repatriation of funds bel~nging to -nationals ':"'of those
countries. The controls were later applied to other invaded countries and
on June 14, 1941. extended to Germany and Italy and the whoie of
Europe. After the United States formally entered World War II, the
Foreign Funds Control program became the major American program of
economic warfare against the Axis powers with activities ranging from
control of most foreign property in the United States to restriction of
foreign trade and financial operations and related activities.
.
The controls were administered by the Secretary of the Treasury
(Office of Foreign Funds Control) throughout the war. After the cessation
of hostilities. most foreign property was gradually released by licenses
under the FFC Regulations. Most enemy property was vested by the U.S.
Government during and immediately after the war. Responsibility for
administering the FFC Regulations was transferred to the Attorney Gen
eral (Office of Alien Property), effective October I, 1948, and then
returned in connection with the abolition of that office, on June 30, 1966,
to the Secretary of the Treasury (Office of Foreign Assets Control).
Neither the initial transfer or return transfer represented any change in
licensing or overall U.S. Government poliCy. All matters relating to the
World War II vesting program remain in the Justice Department (Office
of Alien Property Custodian). The FFC Regulations, which were codified
while administered by the Office of Alien Property under 8 CFR, Part
511, are now codified in Part 520 of Chapter V, Title 31, CFR.
As a result of general licenses in the FFC Regulations issued during and
after the war, there are no countries with whom transactions currently are
prohibited under Executive Order 8389 or the FFC Regulations. The FFC
Regulations are limited in their application to properly ofthe countries (or
nationals thereot) listed below which was in a blocked status on or before
the date shown:
East Germany (German Democratic
Republic) ..........................
Estonia ............................
Latvia ..............................
Lithuania ..........................
. December 31, 1946
. December 7, 1945
. December 7, 1945
. December 7, 1945
(Continued on. Page 19.) .
17
�"
!
The principal reason limited controls remain in effect with respect to
the Baltic countries is that the U.S, Government does not recognize as
valid under international law the 1940 forced incorporation ofthese states
into the Soviet Union or the Soviet claim to property owned by' these
in.
countries and their nationals. The limited East German c.ontro. IS.
effect pending the settlement of outstanding U.S. claims and related
Issue's.
.
~
"2 ~.; ~..
~ ~!::; r::
-
~emain
~,.
l ~I;;;:::I
Certain provisions of the blocking controls also continue to apply to
scheduled securities listed in Section 520.205 and Section 520.205(b) of
the FFC Regulations which were believed to have been looted by enemy
countries during the war but which have never been recovered.
'The Census reporting requirements also applied to certain property of
Czechoslovakia that was previously blocked under the FFC Regulations,
but which was unblocked on March 19. 1982 pursuant to the U.S.~
Czechoslovak Agreement concerning the settlement of outstanding
claims and financial issues. The Agreement obligated the United States to
undertake a census of formerly~blocked Czechoslovak assets to assist the
Government of Czechoslovakia in locating the property.
:'l
""'I"I:I-::: ....
\0
::! :E C :;:f ~ $'
N
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o ]~~.
...
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....
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Easi German (German Democratic
Republic) Accounts
00
Q.
!C
Analysis of Blocked
::i
.Q.
c;
\\IS
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~
....
o
~
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General
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Comment~
Amounts shown are as of June 30. 1983 ..Section 520.05 of the FFC
Regulations requires that most bloc!ced funds and free credit balances or
undisputed liabilities to East Germany be" held in interest-bearing ac- .,
counts at domestic banks. Currently. blocked East German property
consists exclusively of assets that were in a blocked status as of December
31.1946. The original blocking occurred June 14,"1941.
TABLE I.
Bank-These deposits represent amounts held by various state
abandoned property agencies .
Individual and Other-These are mostly small deposits in U.S.
banks and U.S. Government life insurance proceeds held for East
German nationals. . .
~'
'0
1i
E
::I
C
~
.1-
.J
TABLE II.
U.S. Government-,These are U.S. Government life insurance obli
gations t6 veterans and benefiCiaries as reported by the U.S.
Veterans Administration.
Slate Agencies-These are deposits held by various state abandoned
property agencies for East German nationals and banks.
, Others-These are life insurance proceeds reported by U.S. insur
ance companies.
19
�.r-"
•
Analysis of Blocked Estonian Assets
a
00 II') ' " ' "
N <'"\ 00 00
__
f"l~-
II')
N
'
N"
<::11\0<'"\
-~
<'"\ '"'!
~
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r
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il~
tl~~
I:
......
~
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<'"\
I
<'"\
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0
00
II')
00
I':-,
00
N
General Comments
Amounts shown are as of June 30, 1983. Section 520.05 of the FFC
Regulatioos~re€flJifes4haHoost~blocked.f.unds.,.and~free,credit,balances~o.k[====
undisputed liabilities to Estonia be held in interest-bearing accounts at
domestic banks. Funds held for the central bank are regarded as govern
. ment-owned.Currently, blocked Estonian property consists exclusively
of assets which were in a blocked status as of December 7, 1945. The
original blocking occurred July 10, 1940.
'<t
l"
~
00
N
~
~
Sf;
0
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...
CIS
's
....
Q
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i
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.....
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5 2
Q
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8 ~ ~I I
=:
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-
- a- a
~~~
TABLE I.
GOl'ernment-The deposit amount shown represents a licensed
operating account. The $.7 million in securities represents U.S.
Treasury Bills and U.S. Treasury Notes. The $34.2 million in gold
bullion represents 82.291.473 troy ounces of fine gold valued at
$416 per ounce and is held under the name of the Bank for
International Settlements by the Federal Reserve Bank of New
York.
..
Bank-These deposits represent amounts held by U.S. banks and
state abandoned property agencies for various Estonian commer
cial banks.
Individual and Other-These are mostly small deposits held for
Estonian nationals.
~
..t
£:
~
;:.
Q,I
<'"\
N
8
.....,
00
a:
<'"\ <'"\
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r
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a~o
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8.:2 ~
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20
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.....
0
TABLE II.
Banks-This amount includes gold bullion. U.S. Treasury Bills,
U.S. Treasury Notes. and dollar deposits held by the Federal
Reserve Bank of New York .
V.S. Government-These are withheld checks belonging to Esto
nian nationals reported by the U. S. Treasury Department's Bureau
of Government Financial Operations .
State Agencies-These are deposits held by state abandoned proper
ty agencies for various Estonian nationals.
...
:.8
E
::>
r::
"3
.0
I-
21
�".
';'f'~'
Analysis of Blocked Latvian Accounts
& ~ :zl ;q.
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00
~ :;;J: <"'!. "1
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ION
N.~~
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;;!5
:l5
of U.S. Treasury Bills, l!.S. Treasury Bonds, and dollar deposits.
The $27.8 million in gold bullion represents 65,597.802 troy
ounces of fine gold valued at $416 per ounce held by the Federal
Reserve Bank of New York.
Bank-These deposits represent amounts held by U.S. banks and
state abandoned property agencies for Latvian commercial banks.
Individual and Other-These include small deposits, checks, and
common stock held for various Latvian nationals and private
associations.
""
Q
Q.I
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~
...,
Q
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'
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....
..
22
TABLE I.
Government-The $7.5 million of securities and deposits consists
<')
<A
E-<
Q;j
I
~
e
.5
~ ;;
:: j . .& ; . \ 1 " , N r -';/ " "
iI: ;$ - g
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.
"
....
RIIII
Q~ ~..o.o
Q
...
Q.OO
;
~
•
Amounts shown are as of June 30, 1983. Section 520.05 of the FFC
Regulations requires that most blocked funds and free credit balances or .
undisp~ted liabilities to Latvia be held in interest-bearing accounts at
domestlc~banks7"'Funds~hekUor~theocentraLba~are ~garded as govern
ment-owned. Currently, blocked Latvian property consists exclusively of
assets which were in a blocked status as' of December 7, 1945. The
original blocking occurred July.tO, 1940.
00
,
~,-a-=~ 0
General Comments
0
I'
TABLE II.
Banks-This amount includes gold bullion, U.S. Treasury Bills;
,E ",,,,
:E~;
.vc'"
. > v
0
2
00 ....
",0<;"
~
=~.£c~
~ ",rn",v.c
.. =::i r n O
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~
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..
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.~
...
0
."
E
6
e
'"
U.S. Treasury Bonds, and dollar deposits held by the Federal
Reserve Bank of New York and amounts reported by U.S. com
merciill banks.
, U.S. Government-These ate withheld checks belonging to Latvian
nationals reported by the U.S. Treasury Department's Bureau of
Government Financial Operations.
State Agencies~These are deposits held by state abandoned proper
tyagencies for various Latvian nationals.
Others-This amount represents blocked stock and dividend pay
ments due Latvian nationals reported by U.S. corporations. '
'0
1-0
V
.J:)
E
=
c
~
~
23
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""''''''''''''''
Sil"!."!.~·oo
--~("'I")
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8
00
0\.
Bank of New York. The securities are U.S. Treasury Bills held by
, a U.S. bank.
Bank-These deposits represent amounts held by U.S. banks and
state abandoned property agencies for Lithuanian commercial
banks.
.
Individual and Other-These are mostly small deposits, checks,
common stock, and life insurance proceeds held for Lithuanian
nationals and private associations.'
00
00
o
00
00
o
~
~
~
~
~
,~
c
= ""I~
~ gI
~
00
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~
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-1
~
<:
~
~
....
=:I
I
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TABLE II•
E
E
IU
Banks-This amount includes holdings of the Federal Reserve Bank
IU
== . t'~ ~
o
~
c.
;...-,
.!! '1:;~2
.c ",o<:S; ~
t-o.
iii
r:
'" I"'IE: 1 '"
t::
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o
Ir)
00
I~
I ..c
00
0\
<:>,~
~
(..:)
::s
= ,.'
'IU
C
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E-. ;j ~ 'iii ~-S
i:Q;:lV5<:O
,
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1"'-,
;;
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E
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co: .• :.=
o :~
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IU
g
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:;) ::::J
Q..ouV)
s>.t::IUC
QUVl_
24
;;J;
==
~
~
TABLE I.
Government-This small deposit is held by the Federal Reserve
c.
....
.=:1
I
General Comments
00
Amounts shown are as of June 30, 1983. Section 520.05 of the FFC
Regulations requires that most blocked funds and free credit balances or
======t========~===========lundisputed liabilities to Lithuania be held in interest-bearing accounts at
domestie=bank-s-.=Currently,>=bkl..cked Lithuanian~perty consists ex- .
elusively of'assets which were in a blocked status as of DecemBer 77=,====
<'l
1945. The original blocking occurred July 10, 1940 .
00""'''''''1"
<"'1-0<"'1
0\
0\<"'1'"
~,
~
. l::l
Analysis of BlOCked Lithuanian Assets
I
6
, of New York and deposits and securities held by U.S. commercial
banks;
U.S. Government-These are withheld checks belonging to Lithua
nian nationals reported by the U.S. Treasury Departlilent's Burea4
of Government Financial Operations.
Siate Agencies-These are deposits held by state abandoned proper
ty agencies for various Lithuanian nationals. '
Others-Th~se are life insurance proceeds reported by life insur
ance companies.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [2]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-2
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/da33f981c83425f97752ec59410bf730.pdf
17ea5bbde90896b703aa81269de21b94
PDF Text
Text
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iTempelhof, a former UJlstein printing house, is, under U. ' ; S. custody ,
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c~mpleted,
JAMES H, NOBLES, Jr,
uring the six months period just
,
'Cliief, Proper/yGon/rol
, ,the property :control functions in Berlin have
',' ',been carried ;out as previously on a sector basis,
. since no law has yet been drawn up for the,four
, seotors.
The British and, French are still using the U.s. ,
, Law No. 52, while in the Russian SectorSo~iet
T~e past six months period witnessed~ a con-'
taw 124 is in force"
,
.,' , '
,
tinued "expansion of the operations of thePt(j~
':, Althou'gh there are only the two closely r~lated
perty Gontrol Branch. Not,only were there an in-;
:"property cOritrol, laws in effect in Berl~ri, there
creased number of investigation~ made arid a
large numb,er of new properties taken into custody
""',are fqur divergent applications of the same. This
;has become more and more apparent as the pro
<;lsa x:'esult of the findings thereof(864 new p,ro
perties in the second six mon.thsof 1946), but
, gram of property control has developed and has
"Jnoved closer to' what m:ightbe termed the 'final
there was also a further recovery, development,
and, utilization of the properties already incus
"phase-that of the ultimate disposition of the
~property taken into custody,
tody, New methods, and' forms of control have
been evolved'~'
Certain properties, have been designated as
-.
.
.
, ""ipeing subject to, control as p~ut of the occupational
A,more specific means of controLwas developed
, ;', ,',;aims involvi!1g' deriazification; demilitl:lrization,
in' tlie form of aUdits, financial supervision, in
,deindustrialization, restitution, reparation and re
ventory and recording
property values. A
'lief. Pending th'edispositiolf of the pi:operty, which,
uniform set of property control forms, whIch
~ with the exception of a smallnurriber of resti
covers all types of properties, has been' intrb~
duced. Particular emphasis was placedupon:'the ' '
tution awards, has yet to be decided, the ProPerty
:Coritrol1?ranch is chargeq with t~king into custody, '
classification of properties with a ,specific view '
';ptotecting"mairitaining, ~md profitably"operating
to locating and taking 'into custody property
,,";'s~ch properties:
.
which has been 'subjeCt to transfer under duiess
of Nazi discriminatory laws and actions.
, , Unlike most branches of Military'Governmerit
"the property control program in Berlin does not .
For. the control of a considerable 'number' 6't .
have at its disposal anestablishect German mu· : "s~an Na~i entei:prises which ordinarily do ·ri.~t
',nicipal administrative agen~y: ,
'
,
come under,Law 52, whose owners are subject to
'
of
i
6,5
, PROPERTY CONTROL .
/
�remo:val under Kommandatura orders or which
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION'
were taken over by the Magisti'at of Berlin in the
Pr'operties 'v.alued at1,250,OOP,ooo R~ichsmarks
early days of. the occupation under its denazifi
, are under U.S, custody in the American sector of'
cation program, a plan has ben worked out' in
Berlin. '
,conjunction with the Economics, 'Legal/ and,
A basic fun~tio,n of PropertyControi is the
Public Safety Branches whereby borough custo
ministration, and supervision of properties. 'For
dians wereappointed by and made responsible to
this purpose properties uudercontrol are ciassi-"
this qffke. It will be the function of thesecus
fied a's "operatin~C, ,"other-income producing:',
todians to take into custody business establish
a~d "non-income producing".'
." , '
ments which. are deSignated by the Trade and
The first group, "operating",' consists offirm~
Commerce Department of ,the respective boroughs
which are engaged ,in production or other forms
in concurrence with Trade and Commerce Section, .
of trading. Therea're at present 310 such:fir'riJ.s '
Office of Military Government, .Berlin Sector.
, under control in 'the, U.S. Seeto~. Of these 167
Further developments during the period cov
have been taken into custody during the last ~ix
eredby thisrepcirt,inCluded the increased aCtivity
months.
'
'
.
of the Allied Military Missions with regard to the
, ' Typic~l exampies of such'firms' and their,
inve~tigahon of claims for restitution.' Until re
activities, are:
cently these investigations have, required tihe
a) Carl Lindstrom AG; manufacturer of Electrbl~ ,;
',supervision and coordination of this Office. How
records: This firm IS owned to the ~xtent o'f 97%
ever" such;'is no longerla s'ole responsibility of the,
by the Eriglish firm Columbia, Gram'ophone' Ltd,
Property Control Branch, since,' a Rest'itutioil
Ddring the fiy,e months period July throllgh'
Section was set up in' the Economics Branch, to
handle such matters. A gen~ral ,registration of ' November 1946, production of recbrds increased'
from 118,75lto 23'6,325. Net profits 'in the'corr'es-, "
the restitutible properties wa's ordered,'the results
ponding period' jumped from, 73,613.65 RM- to
'of which will necessitate the extension of con'trol
180,776.04 RM.
over properties that are identified and claimed
for restitution.
'
b) Deutscher Verlag, large publishing firm.
This firm was blacklisted' by the Information Con~
Of considerable consequence to the ,property
trol-Branch, and later found to have been subjeCt
control program is the Allied. Control Authority
,to the "duress" ,provisions of Law.52. It,reported
Directive No. 38 'which provides for the ,confis~
'an increase of 13%" for the period July, to EJe l
cation or the imposition of sanctions ,against the
,cember 1946 in' the production ,of newspap~rs,
properfy of Nazi offenders and militarists. The
and of 400% in the number of books' and pam-' "
Property, Control Committee of the Allied Kom.
phlets. The turnover of this firm' was about
maridattira, Berlin, approved :w:ith minor changes
24,000,000 RM during' the period, giving a'pr~fit.'
the U.s. recomrp,endations for the .implementation
of 1,800,000 RM.' '
'
of this direCtive. Nazi property under control is
not being released even though denazified pend
c):AEG,an electrical firm. Iil this concern the'
ing decisions of tribunals, established under Allied
International General Electric ,holds 18% interest.
Control' Authority birectiv~ No; 38.
It has been engaged in extensive reconstruction' .
.
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�~nd 'has', for this purpose,' ,ieceiv~d' ,.loans
, g :to 3;000,000 RM.,' The: usable' area of
'eight plants in Berlin hasheen increased 'from
80,000 square meters to'100,OOO square
. Some -550 machine tools have been salv-
The "other income-producing" properties are
mostly rentable real estate and somerilOrtgages:
The number, of such properties incre'ased ' from
2420 to 3i 1.7 in the last six:mo'nth period', Unlike
th~ ,surplus .income for the' operati:Qg "ptopertie~,
which is left in the business and accounted for in '
the financial statements. the surplus for, the ~'other
,income producing" properties is d~positedmonthly'
in a central cashacco\.mt with the ,Berliner' Stadt
kontor Bank: The '<:lIDOunt collectet;l: from' such
properties increasedfrom a total of 6,108;185 RM
in July to 1'1,603,149 RMin December. . 'This
monthly income, is 'expected to contiriue, to :rise
'sharply, since repairs have been largely com- '
pleted. 'and ,a '50% municipal' reconstruction tax,
paid. This tax. levied during the previous six,.'
months periqd; was not paid until the, ,current,
period, since' there was some doubt ,as to. the.
obligation of payment on Allied :prop~ities ,and'
properties confiscated, by the" ReiCh (int~rnal
duress properties). In the case of Allied prop~'
(. erUes, a' tax payment of 969,431,50 RM was mad~:
Ta~es of 379,367,85 RM' were paid on "duress"
properties during th~period.
'
Due to the improved financial position' of the,
properties, the custodians of "other 'income~pro~
'oucing" properties have had their allowable,
administrative, fee of 5% .reduced' to' 3%. :
, The ,"other. income-pr6ducing"properHes: ,are ,
assigned to ,the, administration of fi've chief.
custodians:. A, chief custOdian has, ,been, desig
nated 'for .each: of the following classes of prop~'
erUes: Nazi and Blacklisted. Reich and its sub~
divisions, ,Allied and Neutral. DAF (German'
Labor Front), and Looted or duress.
the' ad- '
Each of these custodians carries
;ninishation o~. his assigned propertie's Jith, a
staff of ,investigators:. 'and 'property, managers: '
Offices' of 'custodians are iI).spededand' audited
regularly by the Proper,ty Control Branch.
on
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Properties in U. S. Custody, .
Another form ~f ~lassific~ti0nof property re~
·SliltS from the reason for which the property' is
:tak'en into custody under La~ 52:, This classi
''ficati~n'indicates: whether a 'particul'ar property
fallsintb the gtoup of United Nations' property,
Nazi prope'~ty; ·orothers. However, this dassi
:'fkatibi:idoesnot essentially change theinethOds
, 6fadmini'stration or control:Th~ resultant classi"
:fi~ation 'breaks 'tIie 'properties,davin into ·tli.e
.. followiriggrot£ps:
. 'United Nations ..
." 'Ge:rma~ ,'Reich' (governmental bUildings,forests,
governme'nt"fihanced housing projects,' etc',)"
,
.
.
.
,NSDAP org,aniz.ations' and members .
. ,,:.,'
duress,' wrongful. acts: of '~6nfisc~tion,-disposs~:sS!0!1
'or ',6poli;ation'~,principaily pnjpeities of; JewS; and
Poles, transferred \i,nder discrifuinatory laws);, .::', ,
Absen tee abaiido~ed ptripe~ties' ~f Ge:~ans 'arid,.·
Gefina:ru;oiut6ide ' Germany.
MisCini.;neous':,andI. G., Fa:r:ben. '
, NeutraL,
, There has not beena's yetfr,equerii: occ.asiorifor , .
release, ofpr?perties., H~w~'ver, a, total. riuinb~r'of,'
230 properties were 'rele,ase,d for ,the foll?wiri}~,
reasons:
Requisitioned' for. us'e' of occupational forces,
'123; property' t~ken: into cus'tody' iri 'error,' ,78;
", "
.
'.
'other rea'sons; 29.
". Investigation of. properti.¢s: are' made', on, the,
basis of claims received eitherdirectfy or thr.9ugh·,
. , :Oihe~ en~riJ.y (japan~se' ett:)
OMGUS chimnels, reports ffom other:tviilft~ry:!
'Bi~ddi~t~ , . (H~ns~hel, ,theatres and publishing
GoveinmentBrimches, 'Civil··Censorship ,inte~~ ,
, ,h'ouses 'designated, by', Inforrmltion' Control Branch,
c'epls; examination of registerk, ~ndavaila6le,;r~i:'~,
'!'itt:) , .,' ., .. , .
,,'
, . .. '
"orcts of forme~Reich age~cies ·such as the" ex~
", Exter~al' ·loot' (largely', based on'· claims by the
, haUstive,flles 'of the Verm6gensv~rwaltun-gssteiie."'·
,govein.i:rieiJltS, of countries occupied ,by. Germany). ' .
office of the' Reich- whiCh kept records: ?f'
, . ,Intem;al'looi (,".pi6perf¥ subj€ c t' to transfer under,
properties confiscated 'by the Na'zi Government,
the Party and the Gestap?), ,the Finanzamt fuer
.. Numb,e~-;f pro·
"
. ,
Liegenschaften (which administrated Reich own
..
Classification' 'per.tieii: taken TotaLnumber Percentage
;
ed properties), and the Reichskommissa'r for
,f prop·e.rt,i'es," und~r ·col!trol of properl'ies increase
durmg: report under control
Alien Property.
, period
P~riodic inspections, (ds required in Military
160
886
22 Ofo
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Government Regulations Title 17)· and special in
15010' .
,86
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672
'vestigations are made ofpr6perties under control.
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354
1037
52 Ofo
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14
49
40 Ofo
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External Loot
1
.of the Kontinentale Gel AG for failing to ,co
141
615
Internal Loot
30 Ofo
operate with- the zonal custodian; the appoint
10
Absentee
400 Ofo
8
, menCof a special auditor for the Mariendo'rf Race
45
1370/0
Miscellaneous
26
Trae;k, where suspicion has arisen that unlawful
110 Ofo,
Neutral'
42
80
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activities have been· taktngplace, The' latter
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3430
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'/1'.', 20! December..
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e:not!'authOrized to Gsubim. t"tonthB"~ '.
in~:whicht'M1lit8ry6aoverJmient 'or~;(dl
.defendants. i;:"'FLii'ther.1; instrtiotionSn,j-ill 'j
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i tary Goverwn811t functional' specialist officers', interest
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1terY!lGo:v.errul1ent"t'akes"(oontrol',;bf('!ilny~'buaines8"or\~:,!
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aplll'Opr1Ilt'8 Pr:oper,tyOontrol:'office1~.,E:,:~5;,orYi:.l, 'ri,;: '; ;\):(',;L~:": ';
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n,.,~n,..,.ty· in :GermanY,; .,;~i> ..:;, ';."..
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it;1~Jl}kno'fll 'today,~h8.sf :aspecilll);ineaning 'in i Military
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'~~.~.~!~!ll;9.~~;;.1i.~.~~~lP,e;~~)D,~1~,an~,·real1property:lo cated,.!.initbe!,u.S •.-occupied.:A;rea-:or
~~~~':'ri~,~~(),l11.~;LAT.1~AT'A;;;were acknowledged; d leld 'investigations made ','1' Property· Control
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!S!~;~~~~~>~t~!!~'~I'anted" and ,; reporte ,'were" eubmi t t ed'l to· t'be~' owners ',r 'f;~! ;'1 ",,'-It. (~~\.,.".,; .
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"l'.roperty~::~H:>wever,
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by'returns :from local tax-gat her
he"!He1ohskOllllllissBr:,[tOok"\foi'fiiil;:"~
:;the'ReiohSkoiim1ssar,~,'8.:1\
(,Office""f Ues,
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f:'1l,balt14:!)o.:lP.Ell'.Ci~en:t:'iWI?Ul.Il'.'lIl.Cl,' be:,:t alcep ·,·into ~ c~,~tody' , . ,".~ 'l:~n'
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it:',can , be {·seen.;; how ;\imPOl'tant;~:Lt "was :to \.scrutini1.e carefiU1y
~~~~~~;~~~~;~i::~: bskommi.8s~,~sf.Off.io~/:{t~';F?:C)Dl.'I:the,a~:,.r.eQ91'ds't1'il~S.~~.1 pf .properties
,~
b~tion;::to ~Pl'OPer:,ty,O~:mtro1;officer.sJ ,tq.! a~si.f:':t :t.hem: in, '~p.~: : '
:l~~~~~!~1~·fClIf;:~~!l:~~.~~W;(:l1'oJpe:r·;t1Iea. ;, J!'~s,t" PI'iori:ty" was': given ·to ,the pl"'9para:ti<?n: oti~l~s~s
c!ti~m~~llLer,~1..:t~~~t~~1.1Ili(~ll,United' Nations' interest exceeded 50 percent. ' This was,' fo1- ,
~.~'~l~eY,*i~~ll.e~~~.BSEI,DlO~~ ,of, all minority interests in Germen,pr,oP13rj;;V:t~I'!!-. mor.~r d l.tfic~ t
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tJllited Nations
those properties tn the duress category.' .'lor example, leases,.
"'1I.AT.r'V11Aan;!oCl.lltralo~s.'·;oertain extra~rdlnery e,~end1tures. required ,the approval of the
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, ; '.,/eto~~"COb.ld,:,b8'''sat18fiad' • upon tai'linE(due, 'b-Y\'payuient:'m8.rk ,
th8~credltor,·:ist;;il{all'c8se8. bound t:O acc~Pt.,;~cbc,~en07,a''':'
isobarge ot ,obligations., In June 1946,' tbsretore~:' 1nst1'\lct1on.~'
"c~tod,lans.:":~c:>,pay,;d~b~s:;Wh.io~,,were inc\tf,red"legall.y 1n the' ,
~'~\1,;j;"',,"'\li"""lUIJIJ,' pro,vid ~,hg' ,tlJt:'re ,ware; tunds" avalla~,~e"",1tb)u', su,bstant1all,y
, ' , , ':b~IS;~e!l~e~~ 9l'_~,e'no~_~ing' non-op4~8:t~, propc
, '''~' s~bJe~t, to law: )b,e,.$!, 1.'8l'e, to
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_ot such Orad 1tor~'" "";'~ ',,_!c,; - ~.- ,
ion,'cit;debts:~or~'as:'c.onslderationtor
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"1red:'jolnt'stock compan1,es (AGi 8 l.I) "
,ot Super,ylsol-s:.:::tn tbe
caseot,limited
lsDot, required ,by law. ~:but h8d
so; provlded~,' ~'Tb8i:-'~',are' cartaintUnda
',and 'aut1:J)rlti:'ot,:prope.rti 'custod1an8
:-we.re'requ1i:8cl.~Wiaer~~.iriicle~)
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', ·~-'~_1Ut.iil-;':aiilf
fullpo1l8ra
ot' AG' B ~'
1!~;~;~~'.::~c)pe~.t:1~~I.!,~:~· The. Board :"ot,., SupervlSQl"B'
,: i'81.at'ionshlp. ~to', tbe:"'ma.ne.8ement
" , ",'o~~ beh8l{:or; ~n' be~,'ot~ ::',
,~,".,~ JI~t,~' !~y~t,e!.:e_~ep~l!?~.
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conflicts ware tew.'}
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anC).e!. ~ 7."it '!'8J3' .tj)~ ;',.that· taxes on ·real.. Ei~tate,w8l's '~iDgrpa1d
spite o:t\' the fact that suo.\). prop8l'ties were' consideraply
:~~!lii~I~ly)~~jAA:lni~1f\etP7,~r~Ou~'tc)di8.ns:,wer~·instructed, ·'in·;such Instances,ito. apply to
. ~a :red~ct:~on"in ·,too·,t~!~~~rti.QllIlte_ '!9::t_he:d~e:3:_~.:t __
::"",-~i!>~,'.~'~." ~el1ef'~was;.i~bta1ned ," loclil.: 'German autboritiee were' extI'_emelyJ
a~lIil8Il188i11;;;'r8J.l.leISt·1o,
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,';': ,~" "f7,~~~":~/:';-.
'madeto.,·,'s,se tbat;.properties under~.controhwere/adequately
investigation 1odi.oated .that!"sn;y"':':, .'
~ha'Zard";ipsurancs.·:.An
"'''''/'''f!;.u,.!.''IJ"'IJ:I~'~''''~~j,.''i.:~ eatroyed.i-we.r.e·~still~coverea"'";b1':';tfrEniDSurance..;';
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of all
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:..:im:nediat~.ly., -'. In manY ,instances', the" only 'insurance".'
~land\,l ..et:c., was liability 'insurance. : ...... :, '. ':' .
'>i:~n~\U;f)l1lCe·,:lne(~Ssary.>tor.. adequ8te~~otection
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gilbert, Abby (Materials from) [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-gilbert-abby-materials-from-1
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0faca7f0096623e503ea37aeb1e65765.pdf
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194 History of FFC, Chap. 6, 37 [33 t 758}. ExcePtions included Germans or Japanese subject to General Ruling
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�COllfelllS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
JEWISH RESTITUTION SUCCESSOR ORGANIZATION
Preftrce
V.
The attached report summarizes the principal activities and financial results
ofthe operation ofthe Jewish Restitution Successor Organization during its first
25 years of existence. This report is not intended as a substitute for the history of
theJRSO which will entail major research and a full analysis of the moral, legal,
diplol1~atic, political and Jewish communal problems confronting the JRSO
since its inception in 1947.
The achievenicnts of the JRSO could not have been possible without the
dose cooperation of the major Jewish organizations which have been its
founders and ~hose representatives guided the policies of its Board. The
impressive results described in this report could not have been achieved without
,the ingenuity, 6xtraordinary devotion and high professional excellence of the
JRSO staff in Germany :1I1d New York.
A sensc of profound moral satisfaction in establishing the principle that the
perpetrators should not enjoy the spoils oftheir criminal acts and the knowledge
that more than DM 200,000,000 recovered by the JRSO aided ill the rdief.
rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims of Nazi persecution are the
true rewards for all who were and continue to be associated ~ith the work of
this unique organization.
Maurice M. Boukstein .
Presidc"t
. Saul Kagan
Monroe Goldwater
C/rnimltlll, £WC/ltiI1C COllllllittcc
Execlltive Secretnry
4
Y~.¥ATRl u:.ibJ.D._WBl$&=~';P;;'- ~acsg~jl.
e
a
= 4ii6A444WUi.
VI.
. VII.
VIII.
.
t.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
INTRODUCTION
6
RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF HEIRLESS
PROPERTY
6
1) Individual sales and settlements
6
2) Bulk settlements
8
MONETARY CLAIMS AGAINST THE REICH-REICH
CLAIMS SETTLEMENT
10
MONETARY CLAIMS FOR EXISTING SECURITIES
ANI) BANK ACCOUNTS
12
1) Individual confiscations
12
2) Mass confiscations (bulk settlements)
14
a) General Claim #7 (Reichsvereinigung)
14
b) Ministerial accounts .
15
. 16
c) Haupttrcuhandstcllc Ost settlement (HTO)
COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF OLD SAVINGS
17
ACCOUNTS
LEVY ON MORTGAGE PROFITS
19
RESTITUTION OF FORMER COMMUNAL PROPERTY
21
INDEMNIFICATION CLAIMS FOR DESTROYED
SYNAGOGUES, COMMUNAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL PROPERTY AND CULTURAL
OBJECTS
22
1) Berlin
22
2) U.S. Zone
22
3) British and French Zones
25
4) B'nai B'rith
25
PENSIONS FOR FORMER COMMUNITY OFFICIALS
26
MAINTENANCE OF ABANDONED JEWISH
CEMETERIES
27
THE LEGAL AID DEPARTMEN1
28
BOARD OF EQUITY PROCEDURES AND EQUITY
HARDSHIP FUND
29
THE RECOVERY OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
30
HEIRLESS PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES
32
ALLOCATIONS
34
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
39
�were now required by law to report the fact to the U.S. Military Government.
Over 163,000 claims were submitted by the filing deadline. A great many were
duplications of claims already filed by the original owner or his heirs. During
the filing period. the main concern oftheJRSO was to omit nothing that would
prevent the recovery of Jewish properties conflseated in the U.S. Zone since
I. Introduction
This rcport coycrs JRSO 's activities ovcr the twcnty~fivc year span betwccn
August 1947 and Deccmber 1972. A long look back on activities and aecolU
plishmcnts would bc til11dy indccd aftcr a quartcr of a ccntury ofscrvicc.
Thc idca that a nation may not rctain propcrty that it gaincd by thc mass
spoliation ofminorities whom it pcrsccutcd on racial or religious grounds, led to
thc formation of thc Jcwish Restitution Succcssor Organization URSO).
Twelvc Jcwish organizations unitcd to form an organization that would scrvc
. as Sllccessors to thosc who had pcrished without hcirs. The JRSO was incor
poratedill thc State of New York 011 May 12, 1947.
Even bcfore the Nazi surrender, the U.S. Government announced thc
intention to take appropriate steps that would safeguard thc properties which
the Nazi Government had seized under duress from their fOrlHCr owncrs.
Acting on that policy, thc U.S. Military Governmcnt, on November 10, 1947,
cnactcd Military Govcrnmcnt (M.G.) Law #59,011 thc Restitution of Idcn- .
tifiablc Property. Potcntial hcirs wcrc authorizcd to submit claims, and thc
JRSO was appointed ill Junc of 1948 to recover the unclaimed portion which
presumably rcprcsentcd hcirless property. In August 1948, operations bcgan at
thc headquarters the JRSO opened at Nurembcrg in thc U.S. Zone Of
Gcrmany. A parallel British law providing for a successor organization in thc
British Zonc of Gcrmany was promulgatcd 011 May 28, 1949, and the Jewish
Trust Corporation for Germany, Ltd. (JTC) , with headquarters in Hamburg.
was subscquently designated~ Finally, on March 18, 1952, the Jewish Trust
Corporation, French branch, with headqtiarters in Mainz, was appointed as the
successor organization in the French Zone ofOccupation.
In Bcrlin. matters took a different turn. Thc city was govcrncd by the four
Occupation Powers through the medium of the Bcrlin K0111mandatura, until
thc threc Western Powers split with thc Sovicts in June 1948. Evcntually, the
three successor organizations wcre appointed as Trust Corporations in thc three
Sectors ofGreater Bcrlin, undcr thc tcrms ofthe Berlin Restitution order ofJuly
26, 1949. On May 7. 195 t. the JTC and the JTC-French Branch designated thc .
JRSO as their sole general agcnt for all western sectors ofBcrlin.
1933.
.
M.G. Law #59 thrust a trcmendous burden on the JRSO. The delay in the
official designation of the JRSO by Military Government left the JRSO a mere
five months for the filing by December 31.1948 of claims forrhe restitution of
Jewish propertieS from Germans who had held them in the Nazi years and who
In the years that followed the expiration ofthe deadline, the JRSO recovered
thousands of pieces of property or else attempted to reach amicable settlements
ofclaims with German aryanizers.The properties recovered had to be managed
and sold. This task was beset with a great number oflegal problems. Significant
savings in labor and other costs would have arisen had the JRSO been able to
effect settlements in cash with restitut~rs. In many instances. restitutors
preferred to transfer the property claimed to the JRSO. the more so if it had
suffered war damage in whole or in part. [t should be noted that the War
Damage Claims Law (Kriegsfolgengesetz) providing war damage compensa- .
tion was enacted only in November 1957. In many instances, the JRSO did
reach amicable settlements for the transfer of real property. But in the greatest
number, suits against incumbent owners became necessary on the ground that
the wrongful acquisition of confiscated properties nullified any sales contracts
that pertained to them, and had to be restored to the original owner, even if the
purchaser was in ignorance of the wrongful taking. Purchasers in good faith of
such properties were protected under U.S. M.G. Law #59. in a few exceptional
instances.
A prodigious task confronted the JRSO in assembling a staff of lawyers
qualified to conduct the legal proceedings required. Morcover, the anti-Jewish
attitudes fostered by the Third Reich continued to hover over segments of the
German population.
Legal complications arose 011 every hand. For example. in the case of
encumbrances on restituted property. the question arOse: to what degree and for
how long a time were holders or former holders ofsuch properties required to .
compensate claimants or their successors for profits derived therefrom: Profits
which restitutors had willfully diminished or neglected also had to be restored
to claimants. On the other hand, the incumbent owners were entitled to
compensation for essential expenditures they had incurred over the period of
their tenure. And above all,. in exchange for the restitution of confiscated
properties, claimants were required to refund to restitutors the consideration
they had received.
This example was but one ofmany legal problems the JRSO was ealled upon
to grapple with over the course ofits existence. [n many instances. the JRSO had
to pursue claims through the courts, moving from the Restitution Agency to
the Restitution Chambers of the lower court, and then through the Appellate
6
7
II. Recovery alld Utilization
of Heirless Property
,
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I
�Courts. It deservl"S mClItion that the U.S. Court of Restitution AppC':lls W:lS
notably helpful in recognizing the rights of the JRSO tinder M.G. law #59.
Th<."Se difficulties notwitllst:lnding, in the 25-year span between 1948-1972, the
JRSO obtained DM 17,625,000 frolll thl:' s:l.k of rcstiwwd propcrtil:'s, while
refunds ofcOllsidnatiom reCl'ived by claillunts reached I)M 1,127,000, aU told.
Installment collections from purchasers have proceeded at a satsi(1ctory pace
and but a smallnumbcr ofdoubtfill accounts have cropped up.
Prior to the time of sale, the JRSO was compelled to maintain a large
department for the administration of properties, and that included among its
duties the maintenance, the collection of rests, the making of repairs, alJd the
finding of buyers. In some regions, the JRSO office man:l.gcd the properties,
while in others, principally in Berlin, the management was delegated to real
estate firms. The property management proved profitable; 011 the whole, and
net income from it reached OM 1,200,000. In Berlin, the JRSO also adminis
tered properties in the British and French sectors ofthe city ,on behalfoftheJTC
and the JTC- French Branch respectively. The financial results over the 25-year
span frOl11 1948 through 1972 were as follows: .
Incolllc from individ ual ~31es of rccovcred
property.
Incomc from amicablc ~ttlclllcnt~ with
restitutors
accept the assignll1ent of the JRSO claims against private persons was initfally
politically unpalatable to the Laender. Following extensive negotiations the
JRSO succeeded in arriving at the following settlements:
(I) Hcs.<;c, Fcbruary 13. 1951
le!is-rcductions for counter-claims and sundry
credits
(2) Brcmcn,June 28,1951
Las-adjustmcllts
(3) -Badcn-Wuerttembcrg. November 6,1951
Less-sundry credits and adjustmcnts
(4) Bavaria, July 29. 1952
Less-munter-claims and adjustments
DM 20,000.000
4,680,000
1.257,540
OM 9,720,000
DM 15,320,000
(5) Bcrlin, Dccember 22, 1955, as amended URSO
share)
Less-sundry deductions
DM
4,900,000
4,700
OM 4,895,300
DM 17,625,000
OM 48,376,290
25,400,000
Administration of rccovercd propcrties
Minu~-rcl1tal incomc
DM 3.000,000
1.800.000
1,200,000
DM 41,825,000
2) Bllik settle/l/€?IIts
The JRSO recognized very swiftly that the continuation of the procedure it
was following would prove excessively costly and time-consuming, notwith
standil·lg the substantial sums arising from individual sales of recovered
properties and from individual amicable settlements. TheJRSO realized that its
important task was to turn properties and claims iuto ready cash within the
briefest possible stretch, and to make available the proceeds for the relief,
rehabilitation, resettlement and cultural rehabilitation of surviving victims of
Nazi persecution. To achieve this goal, the JRSO assigned all of its remaining
claims and unsold propcrties to the four German State Governments (Laender),
within the U.S. ZOIlC of Occupation, for a reasonable lump sum payment.
Negotiations began in 1950 with the four Laender in the U.s. Zone: Hesse,
Bremen, Bavaria, Badell-Wuerttemherg, and subsequently with ~erlin. To
8
QiLS
OM 10.000,000
280,000
1,500,000
242,460
OM
MtllltI.I!I"III(1II £"/)('11.<1"$:
-".~~;ti!Ef:E¥¥.!'t=Y.*fU.::;:e;c.fS~~",,".~1'EO(XfiP.
OM
7,816,550
DM 17,183.450
DM 43,Q25,000
Less -
OM 25,000,000
$LOt
f.... ; ;
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kU,• .,66thMi£i
1!5&'Q."
0 ..»;<
;:;:e;:x 4Z
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The negotiations with Land Berlin which can bcstbe described as laborious,
painstaking and difficult call for a more detailed description. The successor
organizations, led by the JRSO, reached an agreement with Land Berlin,
following prolonged negotiations that, stretched from January 1953 to
November 1959. First, a settlement was reached on December 22,1955 whereby
the City ofBerlin was to pay DM 13,500,000 in return for the assignment to it of
;11 restitutipn claims held by the successor organizations at that date and the
transfer to it ofall real property and mortgages held by the successor organiza
tions on April 1, 1955, and ofall assets recovered after April 1, 1955.
. The distribution of the DM 13,500,000 was as follows: DM 1,000,000 was
paid directly to the Berlin Jewish Community for assets it had assigned or
transferred in the Nazi era; DM 9,000,000 was placed at the disposal ofthe Israel
Purchasing Mission in Germany (Shilumim Corporation) for the placement
of orders with West Berlin industries, under the terms of the Reparations
Agreement between West Germany and Israel, and repayable to the successor
organizations in four semi-annual installments; the remaining DM 3,500,000
was retained by the city as security against pending equity claims and other
matters that the Agreement of 1955 had declared to be subject to settlement
only in general terms. Scarcely was the agreement reached than differences
cropped up between the partieS on the implementation ofa number of clauses.
To a claim for payment, in the sum of DM 3,500,000. the City of Berlin
presented counter-claims amounting to DM 4,700,000 which the successor
9
�organizations refuscd to acccpt. In a si.tpplcmctltary agrccmcnt, dated Ma y .-956,
thc sliccessor organizations waived their claims for pa;:ll1ent to the DM
3,500,000, while the City' of Berlin waived its counter-claims ofDM 4,700,000.
Evcn after this comprolllise was reached, nc\v controversies developed. until at
last, in Novcmber 1959. thc parties concluded a final agreement, whercby they
waivcd all claims arisil1g out of thc earlicr agreemcnt, subject to a paymcnt of
OM 50,000 by thc City of Bcrlin.
Thc sharc of thc JRSO in the ncw Agrecmcnt was fixcd at 49%, by thc tcrms
of an undcrstanding all10ng thc successor organizations. That was thc perccnt
age ofhcirlcss pr()pcrty locatcd in thc U.S. Seetor of Berlin, estimatcs indicatcd.
Thc JTC sharc was fixcd at 43% and that of the JTC..,French Branch at 7%..
HI. Mouetary Claims Against The Reich
Reich Claims Settlement
.
The Rcich Claims Scttlemcnt dcalt with monetary claims agaillst thc Reich.
Thcy wcrc linkcd to the so-callcd "Orittc Massc" claims that arose from thc
confiscation by thc Nazi regimc of savings, bank accounts, sccurities, jcwelry
and othcr val~ables - propertics that werc idcntifiablc at thc timc ofconfiscation
but which werc no longcr in cxistcncc at thc timc the claims wcre filed. By thc
tcrms of the Convcntion bctwccn the Western Powers and the Gcrman Federal
Republic, signcd at Bonn on May 2~, 1952; the latter shouldered responsibility,
up to thc sum of OM 1,500,000,000, for confiscations carried out by the Third
Reich. Additional lcgislation was necdcd· to implcmcnt that commitment.
Meanwhile, the successor orgaliizations chosc to filc law suits against the Reich
in the tens of thousands, undcr thc Restitution Laws enactcd in the western
zones ofoccupation. In fact, restitution orders issucd by the courts possessed only.
declaratory valuc. Thc succcssor organizations, as well as the Geiman Federal
Govcrnmcnt agreed to rcsoive this mattcr .through a bulk settlemcnt .. An
aggrcment was signcd on March 16, 1956. It called for payment of OM
75,000,000, in thrce installn'lcnts, to the thrce successor organizations as an
uncondition~1 paymcnt. within approximately one ycar from the date of
signaturc. After pa yment ofthe third installment, on April 1. 1957, thc successor
organizations wcre rcquired to withdraw all the claims filcd carlicr by' them
against thc R c i c h . ·
.
Whcrevcr. by the terms of the various global agreements bctwccn thc
successor organiza tions and thc Laendcr, transkrs wcre l~ladc in scttlcment of
"Orittc Massc" claims, thc Gcrman Fedcral Govcrml1Cl1t undcrtook to rcfund
to the Lacnder t~c sum of thosc paymcnts.
The signing of thc bulk settlement agreement of March 16; 1956 clearcd the
way for thc German Fcdcral Govcrnment to accept "Oritte Massc" claims frol11
individuals. To that cnd, it enacted thc Fedcral Restitution Law (Bundes
10
rueckerstattulIgSgcsctz .., BR UEG), in 1956, which fixcd a paymcnts ceiling of
DM 1,500,000.000. Thc agrecmcnt with thc Sllccessor organizations providcd
that claims in cxcess of DM 75,000,000 should bccomc payahlc only if total
disburscments undcr thc BRUEG fcll below the cciling ofDM 1,500,000,000.
That unknown figurc gained thc namc "shadow quota" (Sehattcnquote) and
was destined to playa significant role in future negotiations with thc German
Fedcral Govcrnment.
Thc following ratios wcre used in the distribution to the successor organ
izations, of the DM 75,000,000:
51.17%
42.28%
6.55%
JRSO
JTC
JTC-Frcllch Branch
(OM 38.:371.500)
(OM 31.710.(00)
(DM 4.912.500)
The chances for the receipt ofadditional payments. "shadow quotas", under
thc tcrms ofthc Reich Claims Settlcmcnt appearcd rcmote at the timc, But thc,n
events took an unexpectcd turn.
The bulk scttlemcnt of March 16, 1956 restrictcd thc maximum commit
ment to thc successor organizatiol~s by thc German Fcderal Government to 10% .
of all paymcnts going to individual claimants or their successors under the
DRUEG. Howevcr, thc succesSor organizations had limited their claims to the
paymcnt of OM 75,000~000 by the Fedcral Government and to DM 15,000,000
the JRSO had received frolll thc Lacnder in the U.S. ZoilC under the terms of
thc various global agrccmelits. Conscqucntly, thc Rcich Ci:tims Settlemcnt
provided that, after rcccipt of OM 75,000,000, the successor organizations
waivcd the right to additional paymcnts, if the ovcrall' sum of OM
1,500,000.000 undcr thc BRUEG was insufficicnt to mcet paymcnts to in-.
dividuals claimants or thcir successors in titlc. It was the purpose ofthe waivcr to
sccurc for individual claimants a greatcr sharc in the fund of OM 1,500,000,000.
Only in the cvent individual claimants failed to absorb fully the OM
·1,500,000,000, would the successor organizations bc entitlcd to "shadow quota"
paymcnts.
In 1964, thc German Parliament enacted an amended Fedcral Restitution
Law (BRUEG) whkh enlarged the volume of paymcnts, and expanded the'
sCopc of eligibility. Thercupon, the Fedcral Government liftcd the cciling of
DM 1,500,000,000 and agrecd to settlc in full all adjudicated claims. Payments
tinder thc BRUEG soon rangcd beyondthc earlicr cciling by many millions of
Deutsche Marks.
The ncw situation changcd fundamcntally the conditions undcr which thc
successor organizations had acccptcd thc terms of thc bulk settlement of March
16, 1956, most notably in respect to thc signing of the waiver describcd above.
But the German Federal Governmcnt refused to grant redress to the successor
11
�organizations. When IIcgotiations for an amic:tble setticllll"nt hroke down, til('
~uccessor organizations invoked arbitratio'iproceedings undcr thc terms of
Article 13 of thc settlement of 1956. An Arbitration' Board was formed, and
after sevcral he:trings, it proposed a compromise which both parties acceptcd,
with some modifications, on July 27, 1966. By its terms, the slIccessor organ
izations received DM 43,120,000 and the Zentralrat der Jud~n in Deutschland
DM 3,250,000. The sums were all payable in three installments, and the last fell
duc on February 1, 1968. The following r:ttios were used in thc distrihutionof
the DM 43;120,000 to the successor organizations:
49.7Mf
41.12%
9.12%
JRSO
JTC
. JTC-french Branch
(DM 21.45(',512)
(DM 17.730,944)
(DM 3.932.544)
Thc illcrease in the quota of the JTC-French Branch from 6.55% under the
1956 Agreelllerit to 9.12% was Illet by corresponding decreases in the ratios of
the other two sllccessor organizations.
IV. Monetary Clailllsfor EY;stillg SCCllritiesfl1ld Balik ACCOlllltS
1) II /di /'i dI/(r/ ((Il1jimuiclllS
The JRSO claims, for the restitlltion of identifiablc sccurities and bank .
accounts in thc U.S. Zone ofGcrmany encountercd no spccial difficulties. But in
Berlin thc position was dificrent. Thc recovery of securities and bank accounts'
became thc major component among the responsibilities shouldered by the
Berlin office, The results were significant. In the Third Reich, cOlifiscated
Jewish properties were registered in the records of various institutions with a
precision and orderliness that bordered on the grotesquc, and enablcd the JRSO
to trace individual as well as Iliass acts of confiscation that wcre perpetrated
under the Eleventh Decree pursuant to the Reich Citizenship Law. At this
point, it is unnccessary to enter illto any detailed description of the machinery
installed by the Third Reich fC>r dealing with individual or with mass confis
cation orders. Suffice it to mention that the files of the Oberfinanzpraesidenten
ill the German provinces. the German Rcichsballk and the Prtlssian State Bank
(Seehandlung) were the main sources of information. Those files disclosed
which securities were sold and hence could no longer be traced. so that they
became monetary claims against the Reich under the terms of the settlemcnt of
March 16, 1955. and which bank accounts and securities remained on deposit 011
May 8, 1945. In the latter cases, the claims had to be filed under the Bcrlin
Restitution Ordcr (REAO), issued by the Berlin Kommandatura on July 26,
1949.
12
.'.
"
Special information on confiscations also came frolll the lists ofJews subject
to mass deportations. In those instances. deportees were required to furnish the
Oberfinanzpraesidcnten with a detailcd list of their properties, including bank
accoullts, securities. jewelry, household goods, and thc like. Othcr information,
was gleaned fro III the lists submitted to the Oberfll1anzpraesidclltcn by the
debtors ofJewish creditors.
To collect and to analyze the wealth ofinformation abounding ill the offices
of the Oberfinanzpraesidentcn. which also wcre in charge of the deportation
cards index, called for painstaking and laborious investigations on the part ofthe
JRSO staff in Berlin. The difficulties of research were moderated when the
so-called S9ndervermoegensverwaltung (rcpresentative of the fortncr Reich in
restitution cases) in Berlin, acting on behalfofthe Federal Finance Ministry, was
equipped with a staff large enough to administer the files and to deal with the
great volumc ofinquiriespouriilg in from individuals. successor organizations
and govermllent departments.'
.
The German General Law on the Consequences of the War, AJlgemeines
Kricgsfolgengesctz (AKG), dated November 1957, and the Validation 'of
Securities Law (Wertpapierbereinigungsgesetz) of September 1949, set up
ctllllbersollleprocedures aiming at revalidating sccruities and converting them
into monetary values at the rate ofDM to per RM 100 of their 1l00:ninaJ value.
To complete the task was the work of Illany years at the Berlin office. Special
problems arose from the provisions of the AKG governing the conversion of
Treasury bonds and of loans issued by the Reich, the Reich-Railways. the
Reichspost and the former State of Prussia into a debt of the German Federal
Republic. To safeguard their rights before the filing deadline of December 31, .
1958. the successor organizations filed general or blanket claims, uTiti! they
could validate the individual claims that qualified for restitution or conversion
and 'could overcome other legal obstacles ofa serious character.
Another significant legal obstacle was the refusal by the German authorities
. to recognize that formcr Rcichbonds, confiscated from Jews and subsequently.
cancelled by the Reich Debts Administration (Reichsschuldenverwaltung).
had to be trea~ed in the validation and conversion proccedings as if they were
still in existence. The validation ofall claims was prepared in the course of the
years 1959-1963. At first. the German authorities (Sondervermocgellsverwal
tung) refuscd to accept the filing ofproceedings based on general claims. but the
Supreme Restitution Court in Berlin '(ORG) overruled the position and held
the proceedings to be valid. In the years that followed, general claim.s of this
character could be validated with the names' of their former owners, their
validation and conversion privilegcs. and then transformed into individual
claims. Settlements were reached before the Berlin Restitution Courts atihe
rate of 30-40 cases at a stroke. The JRSO Berlin, acting for all the successor
organizations. became the owner ofa sizable portfolio ofsecurities, the admin
13
�istration of which called for the collection of inten..'st :md of clsh and stock
dividends, and demanded a f.1l1liliarity with iIlV<.'Stl11cnt policy and a wide rangl' .
of financial s~ills.
2) Mass cOlifrs((ItiotIJ (lmlk settlelllClltJ)
a) Gel/eml Claim # 7 (Reich.HJerein~~IIII.~)
General Cl?-im #7 ranked high among the general claims filed by the JRSO.
They pertained to obligations of the Reich Debts Administration (Reichs
schuldbuchtorderungen) and .comprtscd essentially securities, real estate and
so:'called Heimeinkauf.;-accouuts seizcd fr0111 the Reichsvereinigung der Judcn
in Deutschland. These accounts were created as a piece ofGestapo deceit. On the
pretext that they would be admitted to homes for the aged in Theresienstadt,
deportees were persuaded to transfer their securities, mortgages and bank
accounts, by "Exchange Agreement," to the Reichsvereinigung, an agency
created and controlled by the Nazi authorities. To the Reichsvereinigu'ng, the
Nazis transferred assets scized from the dissolved Jewish communities and
· charitable agencies and from individuals prior to their deportation to the
concentration camp at Theresienstadt (Terezin). The balance sheet of the
Reichsvereinigung alone disclosed securities valued at RM 67,000,000 and in
the records of the Reich Debts Administration they were entered as a re
placemellt for confIscated government securiti~.
In what degree was the JRSO able to idelltify this concentration of assets
through the names of the former owners or their heirs? The investigations
sceking to tra~e the origin of these assets faced exceptional difficulties. To begin
with, the Federal Government objected that it would be called upon to pay two
indemnities for the same as~et. It maintained that assets in the Reichsverein
igung-accounts may not necessarily be heirless in fact, but may belong in part, at
· least, to individuals or their heirs to whom it owed liability under the Federal
Restitution Law (DRUEG). Moreover, the Federal Government sought to
prove that the obligations of the Reich Debts Admini;tration were derived, in
substantial part, from confiscations levied as taxes on emigration (Auswander
· ungsabgaben) for which it was liable under the Federal Indel11nification Law
(BEG).
The JRSO mustered its efforts to reach an amicable settlement with the
German Federal G()vernment. It was clear to all that attempts to identify each
and every asset would stretch into the indefinite future. In consequence, the
successor organizations and the German Federal Goverlll11ent and Land Berlin,
reached agreement on General Claim #7 (mainly Rcichsvereinigungs assets),
on April 12, 1963. Land Berlin had entered the controversy via Berlin Kom
mandatura Directive #50 of 1949, which had granted jurisdiction over COlll
14
mercial and organizational property first to a Berlin Commission and later to
the City of Berlin itselE By agreement with the 'German Federal Government,
the successor organizations received the sum of OM 7,000,000: the JRSO
50.85%, OM 3,559,500, the JTC 41.65%, OM 2,915,500, and the French Branch
7.5%, OM 525,000. The Gcneral Trust Corporation (Allgemeine Treuhand
Organization (ATO) in Berlin, which was empowered to deal with the rights
and interests of Nazi victims persecuted for reasons of race rather than religion,
received DM200,000 out ofthe OM 7,000,000 as'its share in the agreement. The
JRSO's sharc of this payment amounted to OM 101,700.
b) Mitlisteria/ Accomlts
The Ministerial Accounts were held at the Prussian State Bank (Seehand
lung) and were listed in the names of individual ministries. In these accounts,
securities confiscated from Jewish owners, in Czechoslovakia and Austria
predominantly, were deposited and exchanged into liabilities of the Reich
Debts Register (Schuldbuchfordcrungen). Moreover, these accounts included
securities seized as enforced paymcnts of anti-Jewish levies and Jewish assets
forfeited undcr the terms ofthc Elevcnth Decree to the Reich Citizenship Law.
The JRSO in Berlin filed restitution claims for these aecounts, on its own
behalf and for the other successor organizations as well. Once again, it was called
upon to verify the identities of former owners of deposits in the ministerial
accounts, for otherwise the German Federal Government would have treated
the OM 75,000,000 earmarked for transfer to the successor organizations under
the Reich Claims Settlement, as satisfaction in full ofall the latter's claims. In
fact, thc Fcderal Government contested the technical validity of those claims on
the ground that the successor organizations were unable to identify the original
owncrs of the assets, in every instance. The possibility of a double indemnity
loomed large in the minds of the German Federal authorities.
. On January 21, 1959, the Supreme Restitution Court in Berlin (ORG),
found in favor of the successor organizations, holding they were entitled to
claim hei rless property if they could prove that the assets in question stemmed
from spoliations inflicted upon Nazi victims. The decision led to the opening of
negotiations aimed at reaching an amicable settlement. First, the parties agreed
to authorize the Official Trustee (Haupttreuhaender) of the Sonderver
moegensverwaltung (representative of the former Reich in restitution cases) to
sell the sccurities in the Ministerial Accounts at the Prussian State Dank. The sale
yielded some OM 25,700,OOO,induding interest. In May 1960, the Federal
Government approved an advance payment ofOM 12,000,000 to the successor
organizations, and in a fmal agreement, dated October 11, 1960, the Federal
Government undertook to pay OM 6,000,000 more. The Federal Government
15
_i •. .tLWU4iJ
4
; .1Si
t.
"»£U."""·,(". __
1; .....
.._
~_~~"'
. . . . . . ._ _. _ ' ;.. . ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - - - ,
. .
�d"
retained the rcmaining DM R,OOO,OOO, by COlIScnt ofthe slIn:cssor org:\I1iz:ltions,
so :lS to IIH':Ct whatever claims individuals lIIight subsequently file to securities
held ill the M inisteri:l) Accounts.
In the payments of DM 18,000,000, 50.85%, DM 9,153,000, went to the
JRSO, 41.65%, DM 7,497,000, to the JTC and 7.5%, DM 1,350,000. to the
JTC-French Branch.
'
The agreement ofOctober 11, 1960 imposed an ohliga tion upon the successor
organizations to inde1l1nify the Gencral Trust Corporation (A TO) for claims
to heirless property that were traceable to Nazi victims who were pcrsccuted
on grounds of r:lCC rather than religion. Following prolonged nl'goti:ltiollS, the
ATO :lcn'pted in sett1~'l1Iel1t the slim of I)M 1,500.000 or !UJ% of tht' aggrl'g:ltl'
payments accruing to the successor organizations frolll the Ministerial Ac
counts. The JRSO share in these payments came to 50.85%, DM 877 ,500.
organizations were released from the responsibilities imposed upon them by the
settlements of the General Claim #7, the Ministerial Accounts and individual
claims (Einzelfaelle) which required them to indemnify thc German authori
ties against the possibility of double compensation. For this purpose, it was
provided that the Finance Ministry should withhold fromthe settlement ofDM
4,000,000 the Slllll of DM .100,000 for' a three-year span, and that the ATO
should also receive the sum ofDM 300,000 minus DM 100,000 that it owed the
SUCCl'S.~or organizations frolll the settlement of the so-called "J)rcsdner Bank
Accounts." *
Till'se deductions reduced the net Sllm to DM 3,400,000. Ofdlat am'ount, the
JRSO received 49.76% (DM 1,691,840), the JTC 41.12% (DM 1,398,080), and
the JTC-French 13ranch 9.12% (OM 310,080).
In August 1972, the Federal Finance Ministry remitted to the JRSO for
account ofall Jewish successor organizations the sum ofDM 262,920, the unused
balance of the DM 300,000 withheld by it in the settlement of 1969.
TheJRSO has now been relieved of the obligation to indemnify the German
authorities for individual claims for assets rcstituted to them under the terms of
the variolls global settlements. After August 1972, the German authorities had
to bear the responsihility for mceting allY claims individuals may file sub
sequently that would t'xpose thc Finance Ministry to doublc liability.
c) H'lIIpttrc/lholldJ(e/le OSI SC'If/('II/(,II( (HTO)
-In Scptelll bet' 1940, the Nazi Government issued the so-called Poland Decree,
. by which the Haupttreuhandstelle Ost (HTO) was authori.zed to confiscate thc
. property of Polish citizens located within Greater Germany. These properties
belonged to Jews or to persom ofJewish descent who were not of the Jewish
faith, and to non-Jewish Polish nationals. Sincc the G,eneral Trust Corpor:ltioll
(ATO) bore the responsibility of protecting the interests of perseeutees for
reasolls of race but not of religion, the JRSO had to enlist its cooper:ltion.
JRSO 13erlill, acting for all four successor organizations, filed claims for the
restitution of securities and bank accounts administered for thc HTO by two
13erlin banks. From 1964 onward, theJRSO sought to reach a bulksettlement of
, these claims with the Federal Finance Ministry. Here again the German
authorities were reluctant to proceed on the grounds of a possible dOllble
liability, under the 13R UEe; and the BEG as well, both covering the same assets.
ThereupolI, the JRSO proceeded to analyze about 600 liTO files to l'Stablish
whether assets claimed by iildividuals were identical with securities or bank
accounts held in the banks for the HTO. Three years of prep:lration by t,he
JRSO preceded the submission to the German authorities of a thoroughly
substantiated statement of account covering the securitil'S claimed, together,
with a detailed analysis of the validation and conversion of the old shares into
the new ones expressed in Deutsche Marks plus interest, along with dividends,
and, wherever justified, compensation for the loss of old savings (Altsparer
cntschaedigung). The JRSO established the 'faille of the HTO assets at DM
5,145,000.
Following protr:lcted negotiatioll5, an agreement was reached with the
Federal Finance Ministry, on July 22,1969, for the settlement of all claims to
assets of the HTO in the slim of DM 4,000,000. Moreover, the successor
16
V. COlllpcmatiofl For The Loss OJ
.
Old Savings Accoullts (Altsparerclltschaedigllng)
...
The German currency reform that entered into force on Jllne 20, 1948 created
severe hardships on persons who owned savings accounts, mortgages, govern
ment bonds of the Reich, debts registered in the Reich Debts Dook (Rcichs
schuldverschreibungen) and a variety of other accounts deposited with com
llIercial and savings banks. Indeed, Rdchs1l1arks were made convertible into thc
new Deutsche Marks iii the ratio ofRM 100 : DM 6.5 for savings accounts, in
contrast with RM 100 : DM 10, in the case of othcr debts and mortgages. The
Law for the Alleviation of Hardships Arising from the Currency Reform
(Gesetz zur Milderung der Waehrungsrcform-Altsparergcstz) of July 1953,
provided for compensation in some form for losses 'individuals, had suffered
from the effects of the currency reform.
Dy the terms of the 1953 law and its amendment of 1959, old savings,
predominantly funds deposited in banks and savings institutions or invested in
• The claiming period for the thrtt JeWish succ~r organizations under the Ikrlill Rc.titution Order h.d
expired on December 31. 1950. The claiming period for the ATO cxpired in 1953. In the intervening period,
the ATO filed. claim on Ix·halfofall slIcc,,",ororganizations for Jewish acroumsseizcd at the Drc:sdner a.nk
which resulted in • favorable ~!llell\cnt. It w.. agreed th.t the value ofJewish asscts in the settlement was DM
100.000.
17
:"
�bonds issued by the Reich and the German bender. as well as dehts re~istt'rt'd ill
the Reich Debts Book.lI1ust have been in existence 011 Jalluary 1. 1940 in order
to qualify for compensation. Moreover. claimants were required to be holders of
theold savings on both January 1, 1940 andJulle 20, 1948. The Law,granted 10%
in compellSation for investment losses arising fmlll Reich ddm, bonds
h%
mortgages, and 131 for savings aecollnt losses.
The 1953 law granted compellSatiOll to individuals but lIot to corporations
for losses arising frolll the currency reform. The successor organizations were
, non-existent on January 1. 1940 and had to battle for recognition as old savers
with respect to the variolls assets restituted to them. Theargunwnt they
advanced that they had slIcceeded the original owners retroactive to the date of
the original holdings (ex-tullc), and hence 1ll11'st be considered the holders ofthe
assets 011 both January I, 1940 and June '20, 1948, was accepted by the C;crlllan
Feder~1 Equalization Authority (Uundesausgleichsamt) ill Bad Homburg.
The JRSO and the German authorities both agreed to settle compensation
claims for old savings via global agreements.Thl· first settlclllellt was signed iiI
August 1969 and covered mortgages, securities and bank accollllts restituted to
the JRSO in ,the U.S. Zone. The Federal Equalization Authority recognized
JRSO claims amollnting to DM 3,607,839, and produced compensation for the
loss ofold savings coming to DM 575,658, including 4% interest from Janu:try I,
1953 to August 31. 1966. In June 1964. the Jewish Trust Corporation reached a
settlement with the Federal Equalization Al1thority~ in the sum ofDM 184,000.
for mortgages and securities restituted to the slIccessor organization in the
British Zone.
.
The compensation claims for sectlritit'!; confIscated and held by the Reichs
bank and the Prllssian State Bank ill Berlin presellted a more difficult problem.
These claims were coIlected by the JRSO Berlin. acting 011 behalf of all the
su~ccssor organizations. On claims for restituted mortgages and sccurities other
than Reich bonds, a settlement of DM 580,013 was n:adtcdin t 966, of which
52.50% (DM 304,507) reprcst'llted the JRSO's share. COlllpmsationdaillls for
Reich bonds had to be submitted to the ~qualizatioll Office (Ausglcichsal1lt) in
Berlin-Will1lersdorf. In 1968, that office paid on account to the slIccessor
organizations the Stllll ofDM'41,SOO in cash, and DM 67,000 in Federal Genll~n
Bonds.
With respect to the as.<;ets of the Reichsvercilllgung, which were mainly in
the form of securities, Directive #50 had awarded them to the succcssor
organizations. It became a task of many years for thc JRSO Berlin to probe the
origin of those securities and to show that they qualifIed for compensation
under the Law for the Loss of Old Savings. Mon.'Over, that Law gralltl'd
compensation to religious and welfare organizations only for claims concerning
assets oftheir social fuilds. To establish which portions ofthe assets of the former
Jewish. Coml1lunities and of the charitable and wdf.1fe organizations were
18
earniarked .for social service purposes and which for operating funds, construc
tion funds and the like, proved immenscly difficult. Finally, a special regulation.
to permit the successor organizations to file claims for old savings (only
individuals were. entitled' to do so under th~ existing law), was issued on
October 25, 1968.
special regulation, dated December 9, 1968, opened the way to a
compromise settlement of compensation claims for mortgages and,'securities
other than Reich debts. The Federal Equalization Office recognized claims in
the Slll1l of RM 3,928,088. which produced compensation payments of DM
.192,800 plus DM 251 •.1 92(4% interest from January I, 1953 to December 31,
1968) coming to DM 644.192. in a,I1. The JRSO share amounted to DM
328,538.
Among the claims filed by the JRSO were also claims for restitution of
securities confiscated from the Paris branch ofthe Rothschildfamily. TheJRSO
assigned the claim subsequently to the law firm that represented the Roth
schilds. The successor organizations received a participation .of 20% in the
proceeds arising from the sale of the Rothschild securities as well as from the
compemation stemming frolll the Law for the Loss'ofOld Savillgs. The latter
claillls were settled in part in January 1972. The share of the slIccessor organ
izations callle to DM 411,802, while the JRSO share amollntcd to DM 216.196.
Additional claims for the loss ofold savings arc still pending.
Pending also arc claims 011 Reich bonds and Reich debts submitted under the
Law for the Los.~ of Old Savings to the Equalization Office ill Berlin-Wil
Illersdorf. Claims that 'remain open on account ofspecial problems pertaining to
the evidence needed to qualify them for compensation, Illay yield .oM 100,000
in all, estimates indicate.
,4.i
i' ,.
o"i
;Ii
;1 ;
],
~
iJ:
VI. Levy On Mortgage Profits .
(Hypotheketlgewintlabgabl', HGA)
III 1952, the German Federal Government enacted the Equalization. of
Burdens La w (Lastenausgleichsgesetz, LAG) to alleviate financial losses suffered
as an outcome of the war. Funds to finance the law were· obtained in part by
syphoning off profits that real estate owners had gained by clearing their
properties of encumbrances following the currency conversion in 1948, when
Reichsmark mortgages shrank to a mere one-tenth of their former value when
expressed in Deutsche Marks. The LAG introduced a special levy on mortgage
profits (Hypothekengewinllabgabe. HGA), to tax the inequitable enrichment
of real estate owners who became beneficiaries of the currency conversion. The
levy was con~puted on the basis of the encumbrances that had burdened the
properties on June 21, 1948. The HGA levy amounted to nine-tenths of the
value ofthe nominal mortgage on that date and represented an encumbrance on
19
II:
;Ii
if)
J
�thc property (Grundschuld) held by the Federal Governmcnt and CIltered ill
the Land Registry.
Provisionally, the Gcrinan authorities exempted the sucel"Ssor organizations
from that portion of the HGA levy which fell due within the period of their
ownership. On thc othcr hand. thc German authorities maintained that upon
the saleofproperties by the successor organizations, it fento the lot ofthe buyers
to pay the tax ill the installments prescribed by law from the time they
purchased the property.
The successor organizations imlllediately protested the t:lxatiol1 of properties
that were restituted .to them. whether still held in their hands or previously sold.
The uncertainty of the legal position impelled thc JRSO to introduce the
following procedures:
.
1. For buyers who wished to acquire property free ofcncumbrance. the JRSO
paid the HGA with the right to claim a refund, should it become e1ear that
the successor organizations were not liable for payment of the tax.
2. For buyers who acquired property encumbered by the levy on mortgage
profits, the purchase price was reduced in rclation tothe possible tax liability
that might arise during their ownership.
3. The pnrchaser undertook to rcpay to theJRSO a reduced purchase price in
the evellt paymellt of the levy IK'Came unnecessary.
Many years were required to clarify the legal position. The Jewish Trust
Corporation had filed a test case in the Finance Court at Cologne which was
won in October 1960. The suit was grounded 011 the argulllent that heirless
Jewish properties were exempt from special· taxation under the Contractual
Agreement concluded between the German Federal_Government and the Allied
Occupation Powers (Ueberlcitllngsvertrag), Article 5; Section Ill, and hence,
the special levy could not be imposed 011 properties restituted to the succes.~or
. organizatiolls. The German Finance Ministry appealed the decision to the
Federal Finance Court. 011 January 18, 1963, the Court held the successor
organizations to be exempt from the payment of the Levy of Mortgage Portits.
Accordingly, the JRSO procecded to claim a refund of the taxes it had
already paid, or set Ollt to recover from buyers of its properties the sums by
which purchase prices were reduct,d in relation to the contingent tax liability.
The task was a wide-ranging one that has yet to reach completion to date,
because many buyers were grantcd the right of repayment by il1~tallments.
In Berlin, a special situation arose in the case of properties transferred to the
City uJlder the Global Settlel11ent concluded in December 1955. The properties
transferred to the City of Berlin by the JRSO were all exempted finally frolll,the
HGA. Hence the City of Berlin was called upon to indemnify the JRSO for the
considerable savings from the reduction in ~he purchase price that arose under
the terms of the Global Agrecmcnt. A solution was reached. in August 1964. in
the'fornl ofa bulk settlement agreement calling for the paY.;lent of OM 800,000
20
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to the JRSO on behalf of the three slIccessor organizations. The JRSO share
came to DM 471,680, the JTC received OM 292,720 and the JTC-French
Br;lnch DM 35.600. Moreowr, through the year 1972, the JRSO received
refunds in the former u.s. Zone and in Berlin for properties it had not
transferred to the City in the ~tllll of OM 725,460, in all.
VII. Restitutio" OfFormerJewish
Property
In 1933,600.000 Jews lived in Germany. By the close of World War II. the
lIull1ber ha~ all but reached the vanishing point. A mere 10,000 - 12,000 Jews
remained in the u.s. Zone alld in Berlin. The majority wefe survivors of
concentration camps and many Were cast European in origin. They chose to
remain in Germany for reasons of illness or of age predominantly. They
reestablished Jcwish communities in a number ofcities and towns in post-war
Germany. and most were small and weak. In the u.S. Zone; Frankfurt and
Munich were the largest, while Berlin with its 7,000 Jews was the most
important.
In keeping with Military Government Law #59, the property of all Jewish
communities and organizations which were dissolved in the Nazi era under the
T cllth Decree to' t1~e Reichsbuergergesetz, was entrusted' to the JRSO for
di~tribution . .From the very inception, the JRSO proceeded to aid the new
communities in rebuilding Jewish communal life. Over the years. the JRSO
transferred to thelll pieces of property for the establishment of new synagogues.
old-age homcs or new community centers. However, the new Jewish com
munities protested. They refused to accept the fact that the JRSO, like the
Sl1cccs.~or organizations in the British and French Zones ofGermany. would have
a decisive voice 011 the distrihution and utilization of the former communal or
organizatiollal property. The JRSO' supported by the Allied authorities was
unable to accept the claim that tlw newly formed Jewish comlllunities were
identical with their predeccs.~ors and hence entitled to receive the communal
properties of the latter. in their entirety.
The impasse led to a serie~ ofvexatious law suits, and the case ofthe Augsburg
community. with a membership of under 50, became l~otablc. The new
community laid elaim to fl'Stitllted property, in the value of DM 800.000, that
had once belonged to the old community, the membership of which had ranged
beyond 1,000. Ultimately. the u.s. Court of Restitution Appeals rejected the
claim. In that instance, and subsequently in ~imilar ones, the JRSO view
prevailed that the wide-ranging disparities between the new membership and
the old should not bc lost to view. Moreover, the JRSO owcd a responsibility
not merely to the small number ofJews who now resided in Gt'rmany. but also
to the greater llumbers who had migrated to other countril"S and rated con
sideration, in their vast majority, as beneficiaries ofJRSO funds. The decision of
21
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�the U.S, Court ot Restitution impellcd Illmt ot thc communities to rC:lch
agrccments with the JRSO tor the division of conilllunal properties. All told,
thc-jRSO transferred to thecol11l11unities propcrty valucd at DM 3,500,000
($833,350 at the cxchangc rate prevailing at that date) and retained communal
'propcrties valucd at somc DM 5,000,000 ($1,190,5OO).
VIII. Indemnification Claims For Destroyed Syttagoglles,
COllllllllllal mid O~(!a"izatio"a[ Propert}', a"d Cultural O/~iccts
1} Balill
In Hcrlin, by way of contrast, thc n;covery and thc division of tortner
, communal properties proccedcd with Icss friction. It should be noted, howcver,
that only rubble and ruins werc availablc for restitution in Berlin, in light ofthe
litter destruction ofsynagogues and c0l1l111unity ccntcr buildings that occurrcd
011 thc Kristallnacht, Novcmber 10, 1938. Hencc theJRSO claims for com
pcnsation against L:lnd Bcrlin pertained to damage to property inflicted by the
Nazi rcgimc. Negotiations with thc Bcrlin Senate on the size of the co'mpensa
tion, and simultancously with thcJewish community on thcdivisioll of it,
cncountcred numcrous Ill;rdlcs. Finally, on March 3, 1955, Land I3crlin agreed
to pay DM 10,390,000, beforc dc~ucting DM 700,000 prcviously advanced to
the Jcwish community (OM 9,600,000 net). Of that sum, thc Jcwish COlll
munity rcccived DM 3,Ooo,OOO,<and the successor organizations OM 6,600,000.
,At the samc timc, Land Berlin waived its claims for the rcfund ofadvances madc
to thc new Jewish community in the sums of DM 1,452,000 and RM
1,792,174.81. Oftllc PM 6,600,000, thcJRSO rcceivcd OM 1,507,144, thcJTC
OM 4,000.000, andthcJTC-Frcnch Branch OM 1,092.856.
In May 1960, the stlccessor organizations approved a supplcmcntary paymcnt
of DM 550,000 to thc Berlin Jcwish Community. in settlcmcnt of indcm
. nification daimsfor thc d<..'structiOl1 of communal propcrty. Thc sh~res of the
JRSO in'this paymcnt camc to DM 134,500, of the JTC to DM 393,000, and of,
thc JTC-French Branch to DM 22,500. Thc supplcmcntary paymcnt placcd thc
Berlin Jcwish Community on an equal footing with thosc in the Wcstcrn Zoncs,
which had rcceivcd 50% in scttlcment of claims for communal propcrties that
suffcred destructioH or damagc.
2} U.S. Zone
On its claims for damagc to communal properties in thc U.S, Zonc, thc JRSO
had attcmpted for ycars to reach agrcemcnts with thc Lacndcrand with thc
Jewish communities, in an effort to providc funds for futurc nccds ot thc
reconstitutcd Jcwish communitics. Thc JRSO and thc Jcwish communitics
22
agreed that thc sharc that wOlild accrue to thc Jcwish cOlllnlll1litics from the
glohal settlcment with the Laender should not be instantly distributcd.lllStcad,
a trllst tuud should bc cstablished undcr thc provisiolls of(;ermanLaw (rcgis
tcred association) to bc lIscd for thc communal and welfarc necds of thc Jcwish
communltics in thc U.S. Zonc. These communities wcrc united in Fedcrations
(Landesvcrbacndc) in their respcctivc Lacndcr: Bavaria, Hessc, Badcn
Wllcrttcmberg and Brcmcn. Evcntually, the Federations became mcmbcrs of
thc Trust Fund, together with the Zentralrat dcr Jlldcn in ()eutschland (Ccn
tr:ll Board of Jcws in Gcrn1:lny)., The Zentralrat acted as a moderator in thc
negotiations bctwecn thc JRSOand the Landesvcrbacnde. It also aided in
rccoilciling conRicting claims among thc partics and conAictl'<1 opinions among
the Landesvcrbacndc.
The Fcdcrallndcmniflcation Law (BEG) that was cnacted in 1953 author
izcd til(;! sllccessororganizations to claim compensation fin damagc to syn
agogucs and othcr communal properties. Thc preparation of these claims called
for painstaking rcscarch on thc blucprintsofdestroyed buildings - their plans,
mcasurcmcnts, fut:nishings and eqilipmellt., Eyewitness accounts givcn by sur
'yivors or by non-Jews proved of valuc in thc prcparation ot global scttlcmcllts
with thc Lacnder.
, In 1956, an amcndcdBEG was enactcd and it cxerted a wide-ranging effect
on thc prcparatory work the JRSO was called upon to perform. The right to
compensation on .the part of the ~ucccSsor organizations was limited· to a
maximum of OM 75,000 per object for destruction or damage. The ne:..v Jcwish
communities, howcvcr, wcre cmpowcred to submit indemnification claims in
'thcirown right for paymcnts in exccss of OM 75,000, upon proof that the
damagc suffcrcd cxcccdcd thc cciling ofOM 75,000 and it was requircd for thcir
communal purposcs.This provision fO'rpaymcnt of thc "surplus" (thc so-called
Ucberhang) of Section 148'::'3 of thc BEG, callcd for a ncw calculation of the
JRSO c1aims.Simultancously, it stirred ncw conflicts with tlK landesvcrbacndc
'which wcrc authorizcd to file compensation claims concurrcntly with thc
JRSO.
In D<.."Ccmber 1957, thc JRSO, the Landesverbaende and the Zentralrat
rcached a final agrccmcnt. It providcd that the proceeds ~t claims for thc
destruction of syriagogucs and othcr cultUl:al, communal and organizational
propertit..'S should be shared equally by thc JRSO and the Jewish cOllllllunities ill
the former u.s. Zonc. The share of the lattcr was reduced by whatever
payments thc JRSO had ~Iready made to communities with whom it had
reached scttlemcnt ill carlicr years. The rest was earmarked tor payment to a
Trust Fund (Treuhandvercin) that would copcwith requests for meeting the
needs of thc Jewishcollllllunities in thc tormcrU.S. Zonc. The membership ot
the Trust Fuud included three JJ~SO representatives. Thc agrcement also stated
23
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�that the T~ust Fund would have at its disposal no less than DM 4,000,000, of
which the JRSO was to provide al~ advancc paymcl!t of DM I,OOO,OQO, ,
Moreover, theJRSO agreed to pa y DM 500,000 out of the proceeds of the Reich
Claims Settlement with the German Fcderal Goverllll1l'nt. Of that Slim, DM
75,000was earmarked for the Zelltralrat derJuden in Deutschland. And finally,
the Jewish conllllllnities ill the former u.s. Zonc agrced to shoulder respon
sibility for, the maintenanee of cemeterics that relllainl,d ill active tlsc. Inactiw
, cemeteries were to be transferred to the Landcsvcrband ofjurisdictiolJ, which
would bear responsibility for maintenance,
This Trust FUlld, the Jtledischer Treuhalldfollds Sueddcutschland, wascs
tablished in 1960. Itp<tved the way for implementing the Overall Agreement.
and for reaching settlements with the bender of Bavaria and Hesse.
The s~ttlenlent with Land Bavari:r, datcd October 24. 1960; recognized
claims amounting to DM 38,000.000, Of that sum, DM 26,000,000 was payable '
to the' JRSO. and OM 12,000,000 as "Ueberhang" to the Trust Fund, the
Landesverballd, and to various Jewish cOl11mul1iti~ iii lhvaria. The DM
26,000,000 was to be divided ill equal shares between the JRSO and the Jewish
eOll11l1tlnities in Davaria.
The settlerilent with Land Hessc, dated November 29. 1961, recognized
c1ain"is"amountingto DM 62,153,873. Of that SlIIll. DM 29,695.000 was payable
to the JRSO, DM 13.824.000 to the Trust Fund. and DM 18.634,873 to the
Landesverband, and to va;ious Jewish communities in Hessc, notably Frank
furt/Main, which had ranked among the wealthiest in pre-Nazi Germany.
Claims reaching DM 13,153,376 were recognized as"Ueberhang."
hi the case of Land Daden- Wuerttemberg. the JRSo' had already settled its
claims for 'damage' to synagogues, cemeteries and other c0l11111unal or organ
izational properties 011 November 6, 1951-. A sl:ttlelllent payment to the JRSO,
in the sum of DM 10,000;000, included DM 1,500,000 for the assigllmcllt o(
pending restitution claims and the sale of restituted, but unsold property. In
1956, the Israditische Kultusvereinigung Wuerttel11berg-Hohellzollcrn (for
Land Wuerttel11berg) and the Oberrat der Isra,ditell 13adel1S ((or Land Baden),
the central Jewish coml11unal organizations, demandl-d payment of theJRSO of
, one-half the sum o( the DM 1,500,000 which Land 13adcn-Wuerttemberg had
undertaken to pay in discharge of all indel11nification claims (or the destruction
or damage of synagogues. cemeteries, and other real property. Protracted
negotiations produced an agreement in August 1957, whereby the JRSO paid
OM 284,179 to the Israditische Kliltusvereinigung Wuemcmberg-Hohenzol
lern and DM 283.983 to the Oberrat der Israditen13adens.
In Land Bremen, the smallest bnd in the u.s. Zone, thc JRSO, in March
1955, had filed claims for damage to conlnllll1al and organizational property of
the Jewish communities in Oremell and Orel11erhaven. In September 1959, the
JRSO assigned these claims to the Jewish COl11nlunity of Land 13remcn, against
24
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, 'paYll1ent o( DM 100,000, and the latter settled them directly with the
. Government of Land,13remen. On December I, 1959, the Dremen Senate paill
DM t ,500,000 (or the construction of a new synagoguc and a h0111e for the aged.
j
,.,
3) British tlIllI j:rt'/u/' Z'IIIC'(',
,
,I
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I
In the Britis'h Zone, the Jewish Trust Corporation and the Laellder
Governments' reached the global settlements outlined below, that covered
indemnification claims for damage to synagogues and for the destruction of
comnHlnal and organizational properties.
t. Land Hamburg, DM5.000,000. TheJTC received DM 2.400,000, which it
'. shared with the Jewish COl11munal Fund. for North-west Germany, and'
, DM 2,600,000, as "Ueberhang" wel!t to the Jewish Community of
Hamburg.
2. Lower Saxony, DM 9,450,000. The JTC received DM 5,700,000 which it
shared with the Jewish Communal Fund, and DM 3,750,000 went to the
Jewish communities of Lower Saxony." '
3. North-Rhine WL'Stphalia, DM 21,000,000, to be shared with the Jewish
Communal Fund.
4. Schleswig-Holstein, DM 1,133,047. The JTC received DM600,071 which
it shared with the Jewish Communal Fund, and DM 532,976as "Ueberhang"
went to the Jewish C0l1l111uilal Fund, in trust (or the Jewish cOl1lmuniti~s of
Schbwig-Holstein.
'
In the French ZOl1e, thc JTC-French Branch and the Laender Governments'
reached the global settlements outlined below that covered indemnification
claims for damage to synagogues and for the dl-struction of communal and
organizational propertks. '
'
1. Maillz, DM 1,740,950.
2. Worms, DM 435;000.
3. Trier, DM 1,080,000.
4, SOllthBaden, DM 2,400,000.
5. Bad Krellznach. DM 750,000.
6. South Wuerttembcrg and Hohcnzollern, DM 1,250,000.
7. Koblenz, DM 3,350,000.
4) B'/lII; B'rit/', .
Among the organizations that considered themselves to be SUCCl'Ssors in
illterl'St of col11l11unal organizations dissolved under the Tenth Decree to the
Reichsbucrgl'rgesctz (Rl'ich Citizenship Law), was the Suprcme Lodge o( the
Order of 13'nal 13'rith, Washington, D:C. The 13'nai 13'rith asserted a claim to
the restitution of properties seized by the Nazi regime from its Lodges ill the
former u.S. and 13ritish Zones. The O'nai 13!rith maintained that their claims for
25
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�restitution took precedence over those f~led by theJRSO for the properties ofits
former Lodges.
The D'nai D'rith asserted its claim on the ground that its former Lodges in
Germany had held their assets as trustees of the Order. When the Lodges were
dissolved by Nazi administrative action, their assets passed automatically to the
Suprct:ne Lodge in Washington, D.C. The JRSO and the JTC rejected the
argument, on the ground that several court decisions had held that the Lodges in
Germany were formed as separate legal bodies. Hence, the successor organiza
tions maintained, they alone must be considered the sole legitimate claimants,
while the claim of the Supreme Lodge to act as the legal sllccessor of the former
Lodges in Germany lacked foundation in law.
.
The JRSO expressed the wish to facilitate the recovery of the properties in
question, but without yielding ground on the legal aspects. Finally, agreement
was reached .on March 30, 1951, whereby the JRSO agreed to assign to the.
Supreme Lodge all of its claims to former Lodge properties in Germany, while
the Supreme Lodge agreed to use all the assets recovered upder the .I!rms of the
Agreement for the relief, rehabilitation and resettlement ofJewish victims of
Nazi persecution, and predominantly for those in Israel. Thereafter, the JRSO
segregated in a separate trust account, for the benefit of the Supreme Lodge, the
income and assets' that accrued from those properties. In its turn, the JRSO was
compensated for the expenditures it had incurred in those cases..
Net recoveries in the former U;S. Zone that were credited to the D'nai D'rith
ranged beyond DM 450,000. The greater part went into the purchase and
maintenance of a unit in the Hillel Foundation of the D'nai D'rith in Israel.
IX. ·Pensions For Former CO","lImity Offidak
Former Jewish community officials in Germany, among them rabbis.
teachers, cantors, librarians, social workers, or their widows, who would have
been eligible for pensions had the Nazis not destroyed their communities,
petitioned the JRSO to set aside a portion of its assets to meet those pension
claims. The petitions were grounded on the argument that the JRSO, as the
successor to the former Jewish communities in Germany, was liable for the
pension obligations. The JRSO maintained that whatever obligations the
former communities might have had to these pensioners, the obligations did not
accrue to it as the successor organization.
At the same tinw, iitlight of the importance and the pressing urgency of thcsc
pension claims, the JRSO referred claimants to indemnification legislation in
Germany that was seheduled for enactment. The JRSO joined hands with the
COnference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference)
to devise procedures with the German Federal Government for the payment of
26
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Pl'JlSiOIl claims of officials and employecs of the former Jewi~h communities in
Germany. In fact, by Protocol # 1, signed on September to, 1952, between the
German Federal Republic and the Claims Conference, the former undertook to
pay compensation to persons who had suffered losses as officials or.eniployees of
Jewish communities or of public institutions within the territories of the
German Reich as of Dcccmber 31,1937. On April 9, 1953, the Feder~l Interior
Ministry issucd guidelines for the implelilctltation of that obligation. To set the
program in motion with the greatest possible specd, a fund was creatcd for thl'
making of pension payments, and thc Claims Confcrcnce was authorized to
appoint a Pensions Advisory Doard: Acting in a strictly advisory capacity,thc
Board weighed thc claims submittcd and prcscnted its views of them to thc
German authorities. Ovcr the years, the Pemions Advisory Board has evaluated
ovcr 3,500 claims, and pension payments to bencficiaries exceeded $23,000,000,
all told.
X. Maintenance OfA [,andonedJewish Cemeteries
Dy thc close ofWorld War II, some 1,700 abandoned Jcwish cemetcries in thc
Western Zones of Gcrmany werc in disrepair and without care. All were
confiscatcd by thc Rcich, and had been vandalized in the abs~'lIce of the formcr
.owners,' the Jewish communities. The Military Governments in Germany
cnforccd thc rcstoration of the desecrated burial grounds, but the carc i>fthem
lay beyond thc capabilities of the ncwly formcd Jewish communities scattcred
throughout the Western Zones. . .
..
.
Thc thrce successor organizations and the Jewish communities formed a
committec to negotiate with the German Federal Government on the matter. In
1953, a settlement was reachcd whereby thc latter agreed to pay DM 200,000 for
the restoration of ccmeteries which had gone without maintenance after 1945.
Subsequcntly, on Rosh Hashanah Eve, 5717 (1956), the German Fedcral
Governmcnt and the Laendcr agrecd to providc care and maintenancc.. In Ju·ne
1957, a Protocol agrcemcnt was signed bctween the Federal and the Laender
Governments on the onc hand and the three successor organizations, the
Landesverbaende and the Zcntralrat der Juden in Deutschland On the other.
The Protocol called for the grant of permanent care to abandoncd Jewish
cemcteries in the Gcrman Fcderal Republic. upkeep in harmony with the
surrounding landscape, maintenancc of a surrounding wall equipped with a
gate and lock, and grass cutting at regular intervals. The care of individual
graves and tombstones was Icft to the next ofkin. The agreemcnt did not cover
West Bcrlin since no Jewish cemetcries were locatcd in that city.
On February 20, 1958, implcmentation of the Protocol was assured by an
agrcemcnt betwcen the German Federal Government and thc Laender to share
27
�equally in the costs of upkeep, which wOllld reach DM 0.25 per square meter,
estimates indicated.
Under the overall agreement betwecn the JRSO, the Landesverbaende, aud
the Jewish cOllllllunitit.'S in the U.S. Zone, title to abandoned cemeteries was
transferred to the particular Landesverband charged with jurisdiction. Where
maintenance costs ranged beyond those shouldered by the Federal and Lacnder
Governments, the exct.'Ss was to be covered bya special ft;llld that the
Treuhandfonds ill the U.S. Zone were scheduled to establish.
Opell cemeteries, those ill active use as burial grounds, arc currendy under
maintenance by the Jewish COllll11llllities in the territories in question.
XII. Board Of Equity Procedures Aud Equity Hardship Fund
..,
XL !he LegalAid Deparl11letlt
. U.S. Military Government Law #59, promulgated in 1947, authorized
former owners and their heirs to claim the restitution of identifiable property.
Similar laws were enacted for the British Zone in 1949, for the French Zone in
1952, and for the three western sectors of Berlin in 1949:
The restitution laws were very complex. Private claimants necded the aid of
lawyers, but many lacked the means to pay for the cost of their services. The
Heed strengthened the notion offorming a legal aid society, composed offormer
Gernlan lawyers, in the main, who were ready to represent private claimants
seattered the world over, and led to the founding of the United Restitution
Organization (U.R.O.) in 1948. It was formed in London as ali English
company and opened offices in Israel, the U.S., France, Great Britain, in the
British and French Zones of Germany and ill the corresponding sectors of
Berlin. But in the U.S. Zone and in the U.S. Sector of Berlin, it ran into
difficulties. The U.S. Military Government was unwilling to authorize all
unknown legal aid society to submit the claims of c1iellts based on M.G. Law
#59, the Berlin Restitution Law ofJuly 1949, and the General Claims Law for
the U.S. Zone of August 1949. The U.S. Military Government, in ignorance of
the notable caliber of the personalities who supported the URO, voiced the fear
that claimants of sl1lallmeans might fall into the hands of irresponsible persons
who would hold back for their own pockets a great share of the sums recovered.
The U.S. authorities believed that theJRSO was in a position to carry out the
legal aid program singlehanded. Accordingly, the JRSO opened Legal· Aid
Departments, by the eild of 1948, to collaborate with the URO in providing
claimants of small means with services they needed. Such departments were
opened in Nuremberg, Frankfurt, Munich and Berlin.· Although subject to
administrative supervision by the JRSO, those departlllents functioned auton
omously. acting more as branch offices of the URO than as' departments of the
JRSO. Great stress was laid upon avoiding conflicts of interest between the
claims handled by the Legal Aid Departments and those of the JRSO itself
""Q&
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In all, the JRSO paid individual claimants ofproperties that the organization
had already recovered a sum bordering on DM 12,500,000. Predominantly, the
claimants were heirs to properties who had forfeited their legal rights to
restitution by the failure to file their claims by December 31, 1948, the filing
deadline set forth in M.G. Law #59.
The JRSO had withdrawn its claims to private properties wherever former
owners or their heirs had submitted claims before the filing deadline had
expired. But now, claimants who had failed to submit timely claims, challenged
the validity oftheJRSO claims to the properties in question. and demanded tht'
transfer to them of the claims or the proceeds. Their protests were never
weakened by any realization that the swift action taken by the JRSO had made
recoveries possible to begin with, and hence that the JSRO alone was legally
entitled to the proceeds. By April 1950, some 300 persons had petitioned the
JRSO for the assignment of such claims or the proceeds of them, and appear
ances suggested that thcs"e petitions were but the ftrst forerunners of many.
The moral predicament underlying the JRSO position was clear: should it
proceed with the recovery of properties to which it was legally entitled or
should it reduce the funds available for the relief and rehabilitation of Nazi
victims by accepting the claims of heirs who retained at least equitab"le rights? It
also was true that negligence in meeting the filing deadline was not the only
ground for the forfeiture of claims. In many instances, claimants had never
learned of the existence of the fIling deadline or of the e~istence of the very
property they were now claiming. or they were informed, incorrectly. that the
filing of a claim. was unnecessary to protect their rights. The need for an
equitable procedure to handle the petitions of claimants impressed itself upon'
all.
.
Accordingly, the JRSO obtained amendments and special licenses under the
terms of !\i.G. Law #59, so as to legalize the assignment of its rights to late
claimants in equity cases. An Equity Board was created to deal with these claims
alid they swiftly gained the label "equity claims." The JRSO, by public
announcements, invited late claimants to sul?mit petitions to it before
December 31. 1950, and expressed its readiness to assign its legal rights to all
heirs, however remote the relationship. who could prove their rights to the title.
subject to a service charge to be paid by them. The service charge varied in siz~ in
keeping with the value of the property and the claimant's relationship to the
original owner. In hardship cases, only a nominal service charge was levied.
Some 2,500 equity claims were submitted by December 3 t, 1950, the expir
ation date of the filing deadline, andcollsiderably more came ill afterwards. A
second filing deadline was publicly announced for Decemha 31," 1951, arid it
29
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�In its claims to heirless property, the JRSO did not restrict itself to the
recovery of real estate, bank accounts, securities and the like. From the incep
tion, its Cultural Property Division sought to trace and to recover Jewish
cultural, artistic and religious objects the Nazis had plundered within Germany,
or had transported to German territory from occupied eastern cOLIntries. The
U.S. Military Government had taken custody of these objects and had listed
them specifically in inventories.
In 1947, the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction Corporation UCR) was es
tablished by Jewish scholars and Jewish cultural organizations, and linked to the
JRSO for tracing. restituting and allocating Jewish books and ceremonial
objects that the Nazis had plundered. The JCR came to actas a virtual arm of",
, the JRSO for the recovery of such objects. In February 1949. it won official
recognition as the trustee of all cultural Jewish objects that were stored at the
Offenbach depot in Germany. Over 10,000 ceremonial objects were recovered
and distributed to synagogues and museums in Israel, Western Europe. South
Africa and the United States. Many cases ofobjects containing, in all, over 1,000
Torah scrolls that were burnt, torn. or reduced to fragments; were shipped to
the JDC offices in Paris for examination and repair at the hands ofscribes, and
for subsC<]uent distribution in Israel and Europe. Some scrolls were 200 years old
and more. Over 250,000 books, pamphlets and other writings were also dis
tributed in Israel, Western Europe and the United States. Entire libraries and
collections, e.g. the Hermann Cohen Library, were' transferred in toto to the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Other volumes, Over 2,500 in all, many of '
them rare and centuries old, went to the Jewish Theological Seminary, the
Institute ofJewish Religion and the Yiddish Scientific Institute (YIVO), all in
New York.
'
Scarcely a major Jewish community ill the world failed to benefit from the
redistribution of these treasures. A substantial share went to Jewish communi
ties in Western Europe and aided in their struggle for cultural and spiritual
reconstruction. Similarly. the Hebrew University Library, and the Bezalcl
Museum in Jerusalem. along with other libraries, yeshivot and religious insti
tutions in Israel, received allotments in cooperation with the Israeli Ministry for
Religious Affairs. Illl11aking the distributions. an advisory committee ofleading
Jewish librarians, art curators and other experts assisted the JCR. In cases where
the original Jewish owners could be traced, recovered objects were returned to
them.
In addition to Jewish cultural and religious objects, the JCR acting as an
agent of the JRSO probed for art objects that were secular in character, notably
paintings from Jewish museums or Jewish private homes that the Nazis had
,seized. In greatest part, these objects were cached near Munich, in the U.S. Zone.
In February 1949, the Munich Collecting Point of the U.s. Military Govern
ment transferred to the JRSO eleven crates containing nearly 700 art objects.
These were shipped to New York, in November 1949, and were transferred to
the storage rooms of the Jewish Museum in that city for examination a~d
appraisal by experts and art dealers. Thirty-five old paintings that had under
gone restoration were shipped to the Bezalel Museum in Israel, as representative
examples.
30
31
called for a slightly higher service charge for late petitioners. A third one was
dated December 31,1952, more thall five years beyond the enactment of M.G.
Law #59. Dy the end ofJuly 1955, over 4,800 equity claims were submitted to
theJRSO.
The same pattern was followed in the' Dritish Zolle at the Jewish Trust
Corporation and at its bran!=h for the French Zone. Finally, the three successor
organizations agreed that the equity procedures should be closed by December
.31,1955, and that clainis should not be accepted thereafter. Payments 011 these
equity claims reached nearly DM 12,500,000. At the same time, to deal with the
claims of needy persons who might file at a still later date, a trust fmul, the
Equity Hardship Fund, was created in London ill July 1956.
The three successor organizations endowed the Fund with a capital of DM
2,000,000 and with a management expense account of OM 250,000. The
contributions ranged as follows:
.
,~,
M(II"'.~(,lIIc"t
Trtlst Flllld
DM 925.000
IJM 925,000
DM 150,000
jRSO
JfC
,
jTC.French Branch '
Expe"sC5
DM 115.625
IJM \15,625
DM 18,750
The filing deadline for the Equity Hardship Fund expired on JUlle 30, 1957,
but the successor organizations agreed to transfer to it all claims that had
reached them after January 1, 1956. The Fund stated in its by-lawsthat onlythe
original owner or his heirs who qualified as near rdatives, and who were in
need, were eligible to file claims. Claims adjudicated by the Fund were paid at a
reduced rate - 70% of the award or OM 50,000, whichever was less.
Once again, claimallts in considerable numbers filed petitions after June 30"
1957, and once again, the successor organizations extended the deadline, this
time to December 31, 1958. It is notable that the latter date fell a full ten years
after the original deadline fixed by M.G. Law #59. In all, 490 cases were
adjudic~ted and payments reached some DM 1,250,000. The surplus was repaid
to the successor organizations in kecping with the size' of their share in the
original capital TheJRSO share came to 46.25% (OM 235,000).
I
XIII. The Recovery Of Cuiwral Property
I,
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�The remaining objects, among them some 100 paintings, 150 drawings and
prints, 200 miniatures, a number ofcarved angels in wood, and a large figure of
St. Ambrosius valued at some $4,500, were offered at public sale. The existem:e
of the collection was publicly advertised so as to enable individual owners or
their hcirs to come forward. As a result, sevcral paintings were claimed at this
point and werc withdrawn frol11 the sale. In a fcw instances, paintings were
repurchased from art dealers at a later point.
In 1952, the JRSO uncovcred a collection of nearly 400 pictures in the ORicc
of the Administration of Properties of thc City of Bcrlin that originally were
plundered by thc Nazis from the Rcichsvcreinigung dcr Judcn in Deutschland.
Most of thc paintings had becn thc propcrty of the Berlin Jewish M UseUlll. The
distribution of this collection was agreed upon as follows, after discussions held
with the JTC and the JTC-French Branch: fiftecn paintings to the Jewish
Museum of the Hebrew Union College at Cincinnati, Ohio; fivc paintings to
the United Kingdom, for display in London primarily, at homes for thc agcd
for refugees from Central Europe; threc or four paintings wcrc earinarkcd for
the same purpose to thc JTC, French Branch. Thc rest were scheduled to go to
the Bezalel Museulll,Jerusalelll,with the proviso that 25-30 paintings should be
hung in homes for the aged conducted by thc Irgull Olej Mcrkaz Europa, the
Israel branch of the Council of Jews from Germany. Paintings were also
returned te individual c1aiman'ts or their hcirs who were ablc to prove previous
ownership.
.
,-,
Ordcr issued under the Trading with thc Enemy Act, ha\'illg a ceilillg of
$3,000,000.
Undcr the Exccutivc Ordcr, the JRSO ftlcd claims at the Office of Alien
Property (OAP), although ill many instanccs it lacked specific information ill
support of those claims. Thc JRSO probed for information in the records of the
OAP. III cvery instancc, thc JRSO had to establish whcthcr an individual claim
was filcd and, if not, to subthit cvidencc that the fonner owner had been a Nazi
victim. The task was tremendous in scopc, strctching ovcr a span of ten years,
and was besct with many difficulties. After thousands ofclaims wcre filcd at the
OAP, it became clear to all that a bulk settlcmcnt and not an adjudication on a
case-by..:casc basis was in thc mutual intcrest of all parties. The U.s. Govcrn
mcnt would otherwise be confronted with cnormous administrative costs in
proportion to thc sizc of thc claims.
,
In 1960, Senator Kcating, together with Senators Javits a'nd Kefauvcr, in
troduced in thc 86th Congress all Amcndment to Section 32{h) of the Trading
with thcEncmy Act that called for a bulk settlcmcnt ill the amount of$500,000
of all the claims submittcd by the JRSO. Pa ymcnts wcre to stcm from the fund
set asidc for unclaimed properties of deccascd pcrsons. Thc House of Reprc
sentatives passed the bill, whilc thc Senatc Judiciary Committee reported it
f.worably to the Senatc. Unhappily, thc Senatc adjourncd before the measurc
. could reach thc floor., In thc ncxtCongr.ess. Senator Keating offcred an identical))
bill, co-sponsored this timc by Senators Hart of Michigan and Seott of Pennsylvania. The bill, Public Law 87-816, passed both houses and was enacted on
~r?2
XIV. Heirless Property In The United Stales'
(U.S. Public Law #626)
,
When World War II began, title to assc,tsin the United States belonging to
enemy countries and their nationals, was vested in the Alien Propcrty Cus
todian, pursuant to Execlltive Ordcr #9095 of March II, 1942. German o~ned
assets, running to some ~541,OOO,002. in value, were subsequcntly seized. Thc
Trading with the Enemy Act provtikd that after the war cnded, those proper
ties should be disposcd of"as Congress shall direct."
TheJRSO as the American successor organization for hcirless and unclaimcd
property ofJcwish victims of Nazi pcrsecution sought recognition ofits role by
the Office of Alien Property. Aftcr many years of intcmive cfforts with the
cxecutive and legislativc branches President Eisenhowcr designatcd, on January
13,1955, the JRSO a~ thc successor organization, under U.S. Public Law #626.
As the successor in interest, it was authorizcd to recei.vc unclaimed propertics of
deceased persons that were seizcd in 1942, undcr the terms of an Executive
III
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a:ua:;;;:;Jiiw;::a;s;:ot?¥."5~a¥&i;;;::q;:as:
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ZJ·iU:t:UIlUv.•.• ". ., .. i1ii(;::c:
I
,
:Fcbruary 26,1963, President Kcnnedy issued Executivc Order 11,086 that
amcndcd thc Executive Ordcr President Eisenhower had issucd in 1955. It
invitcd the filing ofapplications for the designation ofsuccessor in interest, and
also delcgatcd to thc Forcign Claims Settlement Commission all the powcrs
confcrred upon the Presidcnt by Section 32{h} of thc Trading with thc Enemy
Act as amcndcd by Public Law 87-846. The JRSO was then designated as the
sole successor organization, and on Junc 18; 1963. it rcquestcd thc Forcign
Claims Settlemcnt Commission in Washington, D.C. for thc full paymcnt of
$?OO,O! Thc JRSO ccrtiflcd that the cntirc sum would be used in thc Unitcd
States or thc rehabilitation and rescttlemcnt of persons in need who had
suffercd the loss of libcrty at Nazi hands. No portion of thc funds werc to be
used for the paymcnt of Icgal fees, salaries, or other administrative expcnses
conllcctcd with thc filing ofclaims or the rccovcry ofproperty under Section 32
ofthc Trading with thc Enemy Act. ThcJRSO agrced to submit a full report oil
the usc of thc funds to thc President of thc Forcign Claims Settlemcnt
Commission.
On June 28, 1963, the Forcign Cfaims Settlement C011lmission awarded the
32
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�$500.000 to the JRSO. To put the funds to the 1ll0~t eRective lISe, the JRSO
granted the first priorities to organizatiolts that aided the handicapped and the
aged and the economic rehabilitation of the young.
The funds were ~lIocated as follows:
A,I!"d(/I/' I$rt/c/ ~VI)rM Or(,(IIliZ(lIio//, NCIII York
$50.000
To aid in establishing a housing project in New York City for aged Nazi
victims. The Agudath Israel shouldered responsibility for completing the
project and maintaining it.
'Ouho/ic Rc/iefSl'rl'jcc - N(lli(!lw/ C(lfholic
Wclf(lrc C(//~rCrellcc, Ncw York
$50,000
To provide handicapped Nazi victims in need with one-time rehabilitation
grantsranging in size up to $1,500 per family
Nehcllli(lh Ro[,ill$oll ¥clllor;(I/ Scho/(lrsilip Hllld
$ 100,000
To establish a scholarship fund in memory of Dr. Nehemiah Robinson,
administered by the United Help, Inc. in New York. Nazi victims who had
completed their secondnry education were eligible to apply for scholarships
providing vocational and professional training. The JRSOdid not seek to
administer the program. separately. since the United Help has conducted a
scholarship. program ofits own for a number of years.
Ullilcd Hi(ls SCrllicc, Ncw York
$100,000
To resettle problem families in communities outside ofNew York City. with
the aid of OJ~e-time integration grants. in cooperation with the local Jewish
resettlement agencies. These agencies had to shoulder responsibility for
providing beneficiaries with continuing care. Individual grants ranged in size up
to $1,500 per family.
Ullilcd Hcl". I//c.• Ncll' York
$200,000
To aid in establishing a housing project for Nazi victims in the vicinity of
New, York City (Flushing). The United Help waS required to provide the
funds l1ecded to complete the project and to maintain it.
XV. Allocatiotls
From its early beginnings. the JRSO channelled the funds that arose form the
. restitution of heirless property to the aid of Nazi victims ill need. Beneficiaries
were many. but the funds were limited. AII~ati0llS were granted virtually frol11
the start because JRSO administrative costs were low in the first Seven years of
its existence. Office space atJRSO headquarters in NUl'emberg. and at its cleven
regional offices were provid~d by the U.S. Army. Salaries for the large staff,
which numbered 330 persons at the peak. were met out of occupation costs
advanced by the U.S. Military Government. Subsequently. the advance of
occupation costs was cancelled by the u.s. High COl11missioner.
The question arose whether the JRSO should conduct a program of relief,
rehabilitation and reconstruction with an apparatus of its own or should
channel welfare funds via organizations with experience in conducting aid
programs for Nazi victims in necd. From the outset, all hands agreed that the
two major constituent bodies oftheJRSO-theJewish Agency for Israel and the
JDC-should conduct the relief activities of the JRSO as its operating agents.
jCll'i.(/, A,(,CIICYfor Ismel OAFl)
Up to December 31. 1972. JRSO grants to the Jewish Agency amounted to
DM 114,044,273, in all. The Jewish Agency used the first DM 13,000,000 in
JRSO funds for the purchase ofpre-fabricated homes for new immigrants in the
Ma'abaroth, the transit camps. Additional funds went for the purchase of
agricultural machinery, construction equipment,' tools. irrigation pipes and
other materials for the use of new settlemellts inhabited by Nazi victims. In the
past fifteen years, JRSO funds aided the Jewish Agency in meeting its respon
. sibilities in the fields of il11migration and absorption. agricultural settlements
and youth aliyah. In immigration and absorption. aid to new immigrants
consisted predominantly in providing housing, health services, and education in
Ulpanim and in institutions of higher learning. In the field of agricultural
settlements. JRSO funds were channelled to existing settlements ao; well as to
new ones, and also hel ped to provide water for farm usc. The funds also aided in
the maintenance and care of children and teenagers in Youth Aliyah
institutions.
Alllcri((w jcwish joi", Distrib",iOIl Committcc ODe)
In the 25-ycar span between 1947-1972, payments to the JOC came to DM
56,171,060, in all. In the first year, the funds helped to mcct general relief needs
of displaced persons at Camp Foehrenwald. the last of the OP camps in
Gemlany to dose its gates. The JOC bore responsibility for the maintenance
costs; which were large, but theJRSO contribution helped to meet them in part.
After Camp Foehrenwald clOsed. the JRSO allocations aided mainly in the
operation of Malhen. a JOC network in Israel for the aid of aged and han
dicapped immigrants. They were Nazi victims, in the greatest part. JRSO funds
helped to provide needy persons with institutional care in hospitals and homes
for the aged, and aided programs for handicapped children, sheltered workhops,
and those aimed at completing the integration of immigrants into the State of
Israel.
.
Col/lui/4jewsfrolll Genl/(ltlY
From the very start, the Council ofJews from Germany, a co-founder ofthe
JRSO, requested a share of the recoveries from heirless properties for the aid of
. German-Jewish emigrees in need who were scattered the world over. Those
.• i
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emigrees, the Cotlncil contended, had a legitimate claim to a share of the funds
which had accrued frolll propertiL'S that had once belonged to German Jews,
almost in their entircty. In 1953, the JRSO granted an allocation of$200,ooO to
"Help and Reconstruction", an affiliate of the COllncil, that aided Gcrlll;Jn
Jewish rcfugees in the United States. The funds were uscd for the construction
and maintenance ,of a home for the aged in New York City for Jewish Nazi
victims in need.
On November 3, 1954 an agreement was reached in Paris between the
Council and the JRSO. It prQvided that H% of all future SlIlIlS available for
distribution by the JRSO should. be channelled to thl.· Council of Jews from
Germany.
JRSO allocations tothe Council frolll Novelllber 3, 1954 to December 31,
1972 reached DM 14,910,219, and the distribution took the following pattern:
United Help. Inc. . ............................... .
leo Baeck Institutes ....•..........................
Irgun Olej Mcrkaz Europa ................. -........ .
Our Parcnts Homc, Johannesburg .................... .
American Fcderation ofJews from Central Europe ....... .
DM
7,131.350
5.5 1S•.qo
2.0IS,739
110,000
132.000
The COllncil designated United Help, Inc. as its operating agellt for the funds
from the JRSO available to it for distribution in the United States. United
Help, Inc. is the coordinator of the activities of Helpalld Reconstruction, (nc.;
The BIlle Card, IIIC., and Sclfhelp of Emigrccs from Central Europe. (nc., three
agencies created in the United States by Jewish Nazi victims frol\1 Germany to
cope with the social needs of refugees who stemmed frolllCentral Europe.
Allocations to the Leo Baeck Institutes in New York, London and Jerusalem
enabled the Council to promote cultural projects and programs which it is
hoped will preservc for the coming generations the spiritual heritage ofGerman
speaking Jewry.
The Irgun OlejMerkaz Europa, Tel-Aviv, attends to the interests ofJewish
Nazi victims in need who are dwelling in Israel. The JRSO allocations went
mainly for ca~h relief, to complement social welfare aid provided by the State of
Israel.
'
S",al/er O~~mlizalic",s ill Israel
_
In 1951, the Congregation K'hall AdathJeshurun, New York, requested the
JRSO to return nine restituted properties in Frankfurt/Main (Germany)
which had formerly belonged to the Franfurter Israelitische Religiollsgesell
schaft. an Orthodox body. Agreemellt was reached in May 1954. following three
years of negotiations. By its terms, th~ Jewish Agency and theJOC agreed to
yield a part of their shares in the JRSO recoveries. to permit the grant of DM
36
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31
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m
,,$"
200,000 towards the construction costs of a convalescent home in Israel for
Torah students who attended religious schools affiliated with the Vud Haye
shivoth in that country. The home would bear the name of the Frankfurter
Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft. The arrangement met the wishes of the
-representatives ofthe former Rcligionsgesellschaft, that a part ofthe proceeds of
its former properties in Frankfurt should memorialize in Israel the name and
spirit ofits community, and they waived all further claims on theJRSO. The
agreement paved the way for a shift in policy in the distribution ofJRSO funds.
It was decided that a certain percentage of the funds accumulated for distribu
tion would be made available -for specifiC projects submitted by claimant
agencies other than the JOC. the Jewish Agency and the Council ofJews from
Germany. Proposals for the use in Israel of funds in aid of schools. synagogues
and for other religious purposes were submitted by the Vaad Hayeshivot and
the ChiefRabbi oflsraeL Grants were also requested for a special Building Loan
Fund in (srael to assist in the improvement and expansion of Yeshiva premises,
and for the building of a convalescent home to service the teaching staff~nd
seminary students of the Beth Jacob School system in Israel. The Ministry of ,
Religion in Israel proposed a special fund for the constr\Jction and repairof
synag?gucs in Israel, focusing especially on those serving Nazi victims primarily.
Allocations were granted in the following sums initially: Building Loan Fund,
OM 231,000, Beth Jacob School system; OM 150,000, and towards the special
fund for synagogue construction in I.srad, OM 219,000.
011 June 27, 1956, the JRSO Executive Committee formulated a definitive
key for the distribution of its funds among the Jewish Agency, the JOC, the
Council pf Jews from Germany and for, religious projects in Israel. in the
following percentages:
Jewish Agency for Israel ....................•....•..........
American Joint' Distribution Committee ...•...•••..............
Council ofJews from'Germany : ...,............ ; •..............
Religious Projccts in Israel ....... '. .........•.......... .' . . . ..
,~
n
...
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56.95%
2S.05%
11.()()%
4.()()%
Over the years, JRSO allocations for Israel fell into four main categories:
,yeshivoth, religious teachers' seminaries, synagogues and religious research
projects.
Allocations to Israel were granted in aid of the organizations and programs
listed in the table below:
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XVI. Summary And Conclusions
I, Yrs/lifl(!(/'
Building Loan Fund .'" •.............•..........
Medical Aid Fund (Mifal Hatorah) ............ ; •....
VnnJ Hart's/Iil"""
Convalescent Home. Nat!lnya .. , .•.....•....... , ..
Fundsto provide Gcmaroth , .• '.. , .•.••.•••..•.... ,
Loan Fund for Educational Furnishings •. , .......•.. ,
2. Teachers' Semillnries nil/I
IL 500,000
115,000
100,714
140,000
100,000
Religiolls Yout" EJllctlfiou
Beth Pinchas Tcachers' Seminary .•....•.. , ....... ,.
Central BethJacob Teachers' Seminary ,.: .......• " ..
Central Committee for Rest Centers for Religious YOllth.
Sde Chemed ..... , .•...........•...••....•.
Moon Yeladim ••......•.•.....•.••......•......
Mifal"Or Hachaim" ,' •..••••. " .••..•• ,.,."'."
Council of the Sepharadic Community in Jerusalem , .. ,'
3, Sptcial Synagogue Fuml ..• ,", .• ',., ..•• , ..•. ' ...'.
4. Religious Resrarch ProjectS
Ernest Marton Cultural Centre and Archives •....•....
Institute for Publication of Religious Books for
'Newcomers ••...•....... ,., .......•• .- ..•.•
Lithuanian Jewry Archives ..•.... : ............... .
Megilat Polen " ..•.. ,.,., ...•. " ...••• '•. , ....•.
Moreshet Sofrim .•....•.•.• , .• , ...'....•••......
Mesad Harav Kook ,., ..••••......••.••.... , ....
Netuh, B'nd B'rak .. ', .•.•.....•••...••••...••..
Neva Hayeled ..... ,', .• ,., ...•• ,', ••.•..•. " .. ,
Otur Haposkim •..•.•.••..•. , ... ~ ...•....... , •
Supreme Religious Centre "Hcchal Shlorpo" ..••.. , .. ,
Institute for the Talmudic Encyclopedia ..•• " ...•....
Torah Shelemah Research Institute. Jerusalem ...•.....
Offset Printing School and Plant in Kfar Chabad
(Lubavitch) .. , .•. , •••. ', .......••. , .... , .. ,
Yeshurun Library •. , .. , .. " .• " . " . , •• ".,., .. ,
95,000
405,000
..-,
170,000
40.000
50,000
90,000
425.157
The foregoing chapters should amply demonstrate that the JRSO has sat·
isficd the aspirations ofits sponsors. It has met the restitution objectives against
formidable difficulties and has used 82.596 of its receipts for the social work
carried 011 by its sponsoring agents, the Jewish Agency for Israel, the American
Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the Council' ofJews from Germany.
The JRSO has discovered and claimed heirless Jewish property wherever it
could digit out, to quote only restitution claims against individuals, restitution
claims against the German States, monetary claims against the former Reich,
claims for securities and bank accounts and claims for Jewish communal
property. Moreover, plundered Jewish books, paintings and ritual objects have
been salvaged, and care and maintenance ofJewish cemeteries has been assured.
The following is a summary ofJRSO's achievements:
Bulk settlements with the German States
OM 48,377~
41,825,000
Individual settlements with rcstitutors ofconfiscated properties
59,834,012
Monetary claims against the former Re,ich
Rdchsvereinigung settlement
3,559.soo
9,153,000
Ministerial account settlement
1,691,840
HTO settlement (assets owned by Polish citizens)
1,940,500
Individual settlements regarding confISCated securities
54,202,144
Jewish Communal Property settlements
1,737,346
Settlements regarding claims for losses from currency reform
50,000
10.000
30,000
45,000
20.000
55,000
10,000
50.000
75,000
30,000
100,000
80,000
OM 222,320,632
Total
65,000
50,000
IL 2,900,871
t,
'Out of this total the JRSO granted DM 189,330,349 or 82.596 to its spon
soring agents and for synagogues and religious research projects in IsraeL
Another DM 13,200,000 went as equity payments to late claimants. Adminis
tration of recovered property and payments in consideration of restituted
property required an outlay of DM 4,125,000 and payments covering the
administration expenses of the German offices and of theJRSO headquarters in
New York came to appr()ximately DM 14,000,000 (6.496 of the total receipts)
over the 25 year period from 1947 to 1972.
The JRSO is grateful to the U.S. Government which enacted the laws that
- recognized the JRSO and to the U.S. Military Governor Gen. LuciUs D. Clay
and U.S. High Commissioner John J. McCloy whose understanding and
support were vital to JRSO's operations in Germany.
Deep appreciation is due to the officers and the staff of the Jewish Trust
Corporation and its French Branch. The results detailed in this report could not
have been achieved without the dose cooperation of the managements of the
three sister organizations. Special thanks go to those who directed the JRSO
39
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policies. especially in its early stages - Monroe Goldwater. Joseph J. Schwartz.
Moses A. Leavitt. Moses Beckclmann. Charles Jordan and Jerome J. Jacobson of
the American Joint Distribution Committee, and Maurice M. Boukstcin,
Georgc Landauer, Max Kreutzberger and Eran Laor of the Jewish Agency for
Israel, to Benjamin D. Ferencz and Ernst Katzenstein, Directors General, and to
Eli Rock and Saul Kagan, the Corporation secretaries. Sincere expression of
appreciation also goes to George W cis, Director, Plans and Operations Board, to
HaIlS Tuch, Regional Office Director in BC'r1in. to Erncst H. Weismann.
Comptroller of the JRSO in New York and to all colleagues of the JRSO
without whose devotion to duty, loyalty and professional skill and perspicacity
JRSO's achievements would 110t have been possible.
.
The officers and directors of the JRSO representing major Jewish organiza
tions can take justified pride in their collective achievement.
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"M1LITA'R:Y: GOVERNM:ENT
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"S.E,~T EMB,ER "I" ,:19,'4'9',
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. T,he'patternofPr.
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~perty'~.o. n.fr.'Ol.:in thetL~;':~~~'tor.: 'Gov~rilIhe~tinthis.fi~id:,duririgthe',:p~t' io~r ,yead'~,'
of.
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, .' ,.of Berilin, has been shaped dtiringJhe';pasttou'r " operation: :",; "", , ",
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" years by ,tnree basiccon$li~ei:a,tio~s':~c1bs~ly,' ntt¢~: '; To devise:' me(Ji6ds' "0'1. locating>p,Id,cfng' in;'
grated' ip,f<;> ,the overall ,pulpose','oL the"A,nleriCan,' 'Custody,' ,~a{egtaidr{gi~qn4cidinjiilsl(di~g"",V,{l!iOi.is'
occupatiOli of Germany. ' ",.,~,,:' ',' .~' : :',' ,.',' speciJ1.edcate'gofies'.'ol'propeity ::urider:cottLroi;--aiid ',',.""
lthas been neces~ary to're,store;loote4ptoperiies " 'To 'reJease' pi:operli~s'dfleI> decj~i~hs:,j1iiiI,been
'an~ thos~ ,acquir~d by t~e' .t;ra~is und.erpllfe:~s:to, ,miide',PT9vidJ!1g)or,>ihe!r, ;u!tim~/e(j)sp'oihjoft:'", ';' ,'"'
theii:'originalowners..
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hlttiill emphasis W:dS-' placed' ,on oig~nizing a:','
, 'It ;'hasbeen' necessaryt6remove.' ,d~si~riated ' ,: worka,ble syst~m, o'f ,l'ocating 'prop~rfies' 'supj~ct ',to,'
persons, ,i~ line with the ~tpntlitarh'~ti:oil:b(,G.~t.;., c9.n!rol, 'on. pUI.~ing such ,Jlrop~~ties",urider ,C'U:s~ody',
'. many; froni positions of p,o'yver .\Vhidd!?-ey .held"by: ,and, providing, for their ,prqpe'r adnl,injstration. ''Piv~~
poss~ssing impoitanlprop,etties. "
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chief~ ciistodiaIiS' :w;ere':assig'nedthe(!ut'y"'of jnveS~'
ec~:!:~ .c~~b~:;~~~~e::t~r;~o~~.~b:~h~·~~:~: tlig6~ri~h~~;~S~r?tt;\~~~i~:~tu(~~tti:~~;:'i~~:':!52':
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instruinimtal in 'm:aking:~lr'nos·t·· poss'~ble dii~ . . iIjad '(Blocking' and CdiltI;()l'o,f Property) six. in'i\jOJ:. "catl;l:':. .::
Nazi ,drea~ of world domination.. ' ":' ',' , "
gories' ,of pr6p'eriies,?;wei~"established:,',rhe~'~"iii:' ,
The pr'o1;ll~ms and :the.c?~pie~i~i,$S'Q:(t~~,:~~'?!1,~~'m· ~-Iuded:":':' .' " ' . ," : '::. " , ',:.:'
have beep many. 'punng one sev.eralri:lOnths,:p!,!nod,': P,r~~ertles., o~ ymted Nahon,~' neu,tral, ..~~c,I :other,
.. q.S.. '!'1ilitary Governineni, iri." ~ernIl': ~ad;il#Q-er Ats ,:-. ,qbse~t~e. ?~~~fS, '., .\~;.':. ',.;-: . ' . :,......';'.. ':'~.~/''''.'' ~., "
. control, proi:)erties. vaJue. d .' ilL 1;~15,000;OO6.p're~war .. ",:'roperhes 'of:th~ for~,~r Ge~~Rel~li,:~~~~~t~~es .
Reichsmarks~niore .thari haIfa.billiOn·dollars.... ,
.(Lander); , .
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,cas1e.,s.treate.d .. y"Qcc.upahon. ·Offl~"'·'.":.·t· 'f'th,'e' 'D" 't·>:h".:'.'A' r'b"··t"J' ..":·.'.")·':·:~""·"· , , "
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cl.als from " 1948, to July, " . ',','" ':" ,.' '.. " ..,' 'p."', "ti' es:,. 0, 'NS'DA' p' memb'ens,"'(N";':;' p',,' t'y
lJune, , , " , " 1949,·can.,bem,ea,sured. '.
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b y the 'volu,me. of ,,~orresI>(mdE:~ce,:"recelYedand" "
'b' ers, .mc I'd" "bl'alA IS t e d"!'" ,,' ")\".'
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h 'dl" d d' , .. ,' h" ,. . d'" Th' " ...... " ...;, .,
"an e". uJ1mg, .~at p~n? ;' :, ,'~re:,~~,re'l,p'pr~x~ ""Properties,oF'tb:e[(3Farbenindu~trie,an:d" " : ,
. Imately ' 22,000, .Items . , ' . . ... '.:, , ' , , '
,..
' , of'lncomm,g:corresponidence .'"p"" :''''t' . 'C'j'''''''''·'''''·'o··' .:,' .',..'" ,as,. aVlng,.. 'b'":"":'
.' ' ,roper les, almeu '.' y per£pns ': "h" "..~':., ..e~!l'
requmng,attentIon. , ' .
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',lranifeHedunder.duh:~'s's.'':·.;'::''. ,' .... ~,;,.:;," .. ,:
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th?ULS,a~~ cu~l~i&'~', figeD:t~;, :a~~" ';'
B~~l,in~~~~".:o.rig~haiIy:goY~i~~~:~Y;.~;'qu~dii~'
admlmstra~ors-dUI:mg the ·p,eak:pe!lO,q.'ofactIVltIes,. pai'tite Korrimari'datuia; no'Taw,concei:ningproj:Jer,ty
in 1948-:-were~ employed,in' the',' mC!-n~ger'nentanQ' "contr6Lcouldbeissued.,inthe:individuaI"'sectors:
aaministIia1iori ~of properties ,uIidef' Ci:Hitr,ol;~' '.,.
,.jithbut, .th'~ :,app'rov1,i, oC'that .,bodY/Th~,pFobi'€m·';
Two, underly~ng'pr6blems 'Mv~ faced' Military ,was laigeiy:.solved .l:ly,6peiatljlg, unoffh::iaUy:urider
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sofa~ as that :was· p'ossible .-withOut a'.fo.rmal ;.e'xac~- "and;·.the:prog'#iri·wa.s la~~rj!xterided·.to,nati9.p.aJ.~,of
'rrient' of tJ:1e ·law.
, "... :.... ',,', ., ..:., ,foi-riieT,:enem~:~ountiltes: W;ith. :whol)i pela~~'Aieati~s
·This"'procedure,·\\ias; ho\\ie~kr, ,·not.~n~i::o~ized:::" h;i"d,'been;AigIie.d. " , ,":: : , , ' : '>;<
~:, "oIfiCially<urlfil ' the.:eJ1d, o'{:,A~~Jf~\,;::t:9~.5;;\~~'eii; the: ',,':~'i'dpe¥~~.:;:qf; .Naz.i#ady ",q;gariiZ~~ions;,~~re'peirtQ
, Kbmmahdliturci' 'pa.'sseda:.'resohition :.-p~irnnting,'.the ,'trap:sferr'¢d,'",' to'the,trade "und:ons;:.cooperati\(es.. and'
,Colli~ai:id~r{ty.:qf:eC!;ch;'9ttn.,e' c{ty:<~ei:~o~~ ~tc::,app,lY:. ot.liei~~¥qsi:atj~,'o~'ganii<iti~ns"whicti io~in~ily~ h¢ld,'
.·the .-laws hi ..effect :iri:hi~::jesp~five;~"z9ne";:of ,o~cu"''- fitle ;tb;',the:·.. ;:pr'oper~i~~;1f:'Shch otgan'iz~ti'ons~'.n9'
·pation.." .,~ :"'." .:'., ,.. : '
,·I~n.g~i .. eX{st: }h€n)rope~ti~s .a~"e,then'tl'an~ferredt0
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' • ri:ew grou.ps;:whose .... , , , ",,", , ,,', '. ,'s.imHaf,to.·"
, ' ·h·'··.'·· '.:';". . ',".i.:'. "c. \" '" .,:'.. ..."_ ·.those ',of: ~h'e :forme(Oigariiiatiol:ts,' :or,to;.;tl:ie·qty
,T., €!.:w:ofk ofJ?Catplg.<l.Il(L1I,lyes atmg:property. 'of'Be'rifn, : ..;.::..
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of:united:Nati6ns,ri'eutral:'aIi:ij:o~eri.'te.e·owners·'"
.. W(l.s·f.i~hita~~dby:".:t~~~'~s,e:::~f:"\the,;,.re~c~:.~:or~h~:: ....,
. fox:merEne'~Y"'AlieI?;;p,rop'.erty.€ustbdia!lin;;Ger.many,
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.?f: :;T..on,rol,
,~! op~.x:tles :w.:~re clc:~s~~ed u~t,o thre~ ~roup.? ):>pe~at-
yernio'g,e~sJ' ftecoridS: ·t?f,.:p~opeitdeS~ of- Jpe- former'.
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·mg ,properties, ,other.,.mcome-px:oducmg propeFties,
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amt' filr, LiegenfichaJtei{ 'the' adiiiiniStrative 'oifit~ for,' '. :,~d.>:[!l01!.7!n<;:PIIl~pr9dU'C;1I~.g "prp~r~les..
.",·~~~~:::~~t~8~1hs~:~~1rt'J~~ist~J;~::;·~·~'~e~·fral·:~':i~~~,j~k~;~:\~~~.:=,\:~~t1~.~:~.~~g;~tt~~is':J::~'
'; agency fdr:the 'adlhiiii~'tr'a1iori'of'tonfi~dateci'j ewish'··' ' ~~ading ~·:organizations~whiCh:,; normally":;ie'quir~ ,:',a
. ,.•'~ioper~ties',ri,ec&rd.s,~*.~.ie:,16~at~·;c·qnc.erniItg pi~p:e~ -. :',.- ~~rg:~rtSh'~j'~'··~f ~~.i'enti~h:::ti1an)pr·~p~~~i'E!~:;~.?n~,i~~~ng.
· : tiestrartsferred by".p:>riifiscaW9ii::.or· 'e!propr"iatiori: ... ,' ,~~ :,re~l;;,e.~t!lV~ '~Y:,co~herFe~~a:~!,e:';lIu~s,;l'~r- 'r~~.·:,.t):1,e
" , Valuable, !nfor~,a:ti'O'~:' \¥,a~!. ~~~(j·:fi:u:Qi~~ed,.:,~¥'the'·' PXjlCtlS~'-;l0 ;:<!I1P?,Wt ,a:'c~st~d~?-Il',fqr"ea,~~> b):ls,~n~s~ ,"
, .. iecprds oH:he:V~izri'ogensv.elw.alt~~g:dei Deiitschel(·.ent~~pr~se~:',,: •...:': .. " ,:'" "','. " . ,";, ::: .,,' .> .
. Arbe,HSJront : 'r'egarqli:rug, 'th-e:::~n~rmouS!;'h'oldiiigs':bf'.. ' ~:,'Otlier'hlcoro~;p.roduGhi'g,'.:1!-na·:hon:-lricorn~~p.~o:a4~~
.that oi:gani~atJon~" !An~·:':'~ri!o~rri'atioi(':a:bout,. 'Ure,:\ . . ing ':l,."eaU~~tate~tridt!ciing '~i~l:tt~ble.,pr'ol{e~t1.e~';"a:hd
, iholciings ~ ' h ' , · "
of': 'Naii. '. :Party, i merilb~:rs:. was ',largely"" ,. " .'~destroyea:,;,piope',rties~~~~e.: nOi:m~ly '·Jli..arlil'g~d,.'by'
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obtained' from local.authorities. ':::: ~/ ' .
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COMPARATIVE, STATEMENT' SHOWING UNrrS OF, .PROPERTIES. UNDER C0NTReL . ,
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. 630; ,1,060 :'1 ;~23 1;204.; 1;369:
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91 :'f,io'7 ,'. 13,( :'i~6' 238 ,d'69>33r·,295~
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:;;;'{3:'~. j,~2;: ,i:~~8·,:.2,i761;2,,5~61:3!:U13,43'O;~,:9?5;5;O~5.15:384'~,03~; :P09i'7;3.88 :.7;37~:7;~~2·7i10~'4'785,:"':'
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pii>He~tY';.:·~~~':~~~~~Y.:::~i~~,~Ji'l4er:'.cOrit;oIWhOSe·! ~~tivitieswer~)'in
s~P~r.¥i'~e~:'b~· :th~".
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· vlh~neye~, i,t\Vas::e:s~~ti1~!ili.~ci 'lii~t: ..t?-e.'pfov{~ioIlS of, Pr<?perty"; C~n<tror ,B'rarr,ch
't-1G I:a:v, 52·were· (lp:p.I,\ca.l:i,l~:: ,", ',,',' , "'"" ',For the control' 'of: many ,:' srb.all!~~ .. ep.t~prises ..
. Property, c:pntr(jl ';:Was:caIi'ied; out )n two .p)J.ase'~, , . own~ ?y leading NSPAP m~b.ers, or of'~mts ·taken'.
·th'e!. :f,ti:st ·be.iti~j, :}~~( 9I:l~c,at:ing andad:Eiquat.elY·· ,o~m: by the Beilirqv1a1:iistnif, unaer. its,deIiazifica.,tiori . ; \
plan" '.
: prof~ding.the·~ pr<:ipedies'seizabl!'! .llnde'i:, l:aw.·.52;: 'p'n?graiil'inthe~aIly ;d1aysi orthe: qec '
AS€!<l;rly: a:sjtiri:~/i947/t.]:ie~secon:d,pha:se waS,begun:. ··.p.ad'. been.;w-orkedou'f-whe.rebY .'c ,.. ps .. w,ere.
· ih;a~:' of. 'r.el~asfu.g;: ,. ~peIj:i~s. :frorri: cOnt~bI'. "arid '"appoin~e& ;·for. ea:ch;.~o(.)Jl~:!six.,,:J.S:. )j9r6~gh:Sj'imd:
· .r~turhl~g· tl1elll',t6.·· ,r:j:ig,liifu.l"owners:··
were :respo.nslbl~ to';'Milif<):qr.. Qovemiii:en.t....·..
. ,Iii t:tiat'inon~h,:a:pi:ogra:ii(.was.:ari:nouriced,prbyid- " ,It was :theduty'of .tlie!crlstodi?-li.;t9.. i:ri~ila,g~:,:.an(r'·
--.ing 'Jor:' thE! ciecon:tfol"'of:propei:ti~~ ,belonging to.:oper.ate .lh~· Imjperties·;.'und~r:~h<is·'.stipeHrtsi.~ii': iIi 'a
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ma~riei:::that~~uld. best 'aChi~ve, :the '. :t?Ho:;""ing ': adequat~ file;' ~yste'in, ~a~ :<ievlsed, ',ih',wh:Lch,. ">111" ".,
purPQses: .
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to . preserve : the c'oipus iIi the best operating .. ~ould_ :oe':'distribu·te"d. fo£t,e'asy,.'ief~r,enc'e": . . Later:,,- an,~,
CQnaitiQn, ' "
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, to.. h~~band· :and increase, the 'leSQ~rCes', aIIU, ',' '. ~tistodi~ri".'s, 'finiinti'at.: ':r'epoit~ ,:a~&r~~o'rd .. ~lirph.is: .
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i~f:r;!~~:~~ei,~~:i;:~j~C~~~~~rty ~~rif;bL'~~~·r~:·:"·f~'A~~hi~~,,.:n~~b:~'Qf ·s~a'i~:':'~ti~i:~:i~~~;'·'~·s~,?~i;';.~~.d"·
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· rendereci' mqre' ,dtHftcuJtarid'complex becaiis~'q3erlin'-'the~';''like; 'Qwned;, :.OY,;l'l'az~i· Pi!-r.tY~ ·'Ille.fuQl;lts·, an~.
wcis.ii· ,ruined ',andd!'lfeated' cl ty~ :S<>ine. -7S;OQO··itQns. . .,not ,wan ~n tiIig.:a(iIniriis(ratiQIl by ':'.c~·sro.d~aiis;'. w.ere·'.·. .,
of:, bombs n~d. 8.valcfnChed d6Wn" 'on'. ,th'e':"met'io'p6lis', leased' to third .p~ersdns I>ending' :~denaziff~~tfon ~~ of
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',':When:the S'oviets;' ~ecided,h1: MarCh;\1'9,4~'?t6with" ,;
.. ·dr·a~their. i'epresentatt ves'froin the:Cch'itf'c)i';CQuncil ....
.. 'and,to:r~st'tictt'he: fuQVE!'rrient"bf: per!iob,s;ariq}'gdo'8.,s·:. "
,": betwee'fi" . B·er-lin·- '.;ana ' , the.: western ': zones;' ~:ft 'waS
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,ag:re'ed JQr :reij:sQns of '.security ·to. trans-£ei:.. ;th~ bulk',:.;"
..'of .s\irpl~'s', furids.\b··the· Liind~szentr.alb'ank'in·~;P:rarik~. '
,:,~,~ fur\:~,aIp~Main;' T,~e'ntY-c:i~lrtiillH)n 'R,ei ~iis};i:aI;k" w:eTE)' .'
,:.thhVtransfer.ted 'aDd>llate:r,·co'rive'tt:~d. by: approval)of .
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::. :,~:t~~:·.j\hied·' B'~nk{~g·.c:oiriciis~16i1::info" Yies1/.M.laIk~·:· '.' ", "
:. .···at· the:~·ate.· ck.l 0': i, In.'accordatice':-w'ith 'MG''La~' .63, , .
..'/:> ·The·SQvi:et.bi'9·ck~d~'ana.the'tes'u:ltiri~1.·&a:Mic:.~~r~ .
':'1.: t~irmeiitQf~~s·'and,'p'ower:.~~tipply, the;;. sliori'age·. of
:-'::i~a:Wniateiials;.an:d.lac'k<of:tr'cinJ5PQrtatioti resuI'ied,in., ,,'j , '.. "
,,~. <c~rlsld~rable: red~ctiOh'ih s'ales by Ber.tii1i':firrri~ ;i8 '... '
''.·custbmers ill;"the' western·tones. Thu'S," the.'.flithariti'C\ll -: .
. Him, paper;; ~ri~i'Juirii;ilT~,·l~c.torY.;·,··,,iS~
~pdsitibh'~ of 'mariy'qpertittrig, prijpert'ie~.'qll)cklY:' dE!7:': .' '.. , !
dcim.aged p'Ian,ts in Wes,t~rn 'BerIinuri.i:I~r
'.' :teiibr~ted;ail"dtlie .restdra~iQn·,: ?,(chunag·eo.:p'fopenies···
.'
·
.'
.
".. :"
';.
..', .: ':,,' '·.was.,g~e·atly'.c~.1Tt~He·d>':.~ . ~':.>~.~; · . ,,'<.':· ... ><." . <·,;,;::<.,.,.....":' .... ~ ..
in 'giant day arid' night. aerial;att~~sduring the~(fr. '. On:th:e·b:i1ierh,and~,.ttie"fiR:anciiiJ. cdriditi'o'rii'oLr~'hl " .'
In.sQmeareas'destruc'tiQn'was'.g·re'ater.,tl1aiJ..:ninety· . .... since thepromulgatibnQ'fthe;:fuLrd'o'ridQnance .".'
. "I.. " . .,., .... ' ' ' . ' ,............ ' ' ' '
.
.,'
··estate ' .
y': Qn: m·o~eta.iy'reform(see,page85r.' ~*hicl~; iJade' the"',' "".
·percenf;. and' 6ver~ndam.age .has'< ~een .'\r'ari(hisl
est·irp.~t~d:}~t b~t~e:h: six~y~Ild, ~~:ve,t:l;tt per~'~~t':~C)~ . West:Mark~s6Ie,legal.teilder iri ·the.::Weiste:iTi.,:secfQrs·;-:' .""
a~l bmlt-up,-prQpe,rhes;' .' .' .'.' .• ;
.
Qf Beriin;'has·showri~sig.ns,<o( liriprovem~Ilt:,~ .":
'Mdreovel':riiany busines.'('enierp,r-ise.~,:whicH;·:~¢f~:-"
.... '. . . , . . . . " .. ",' ....
Qperatingbefo're the end <;lLthe war;iriCIuding,large .
..H~w· The. P'~~gi~oi";I4as;: B~;~·i.:.\.dIiiirii~~~r~d,':
'.; ,
,industrial 'p,lants, had been 'dismant!ed', '~y the,
,::in~··:~i~' ~a:teg()rie~'.6t.pio~e'r~i~s'u~d~t;~~~ti6i
SQviets, T~eir ~achiri~ry, I1a'W"m~te~~als,:~m.<;l Ji~isJ,1,ed '..: ~ie ~~tad~it;li~'t~Fed: id.~nHcall)i;·Th~:aa:~in{~tr~iion
prpducts ,h~~, been. shIpped, \~? .J3.:~:~;sy~::~s '1.ar,::9 oo;y ': 'Qf'pt~perty. of. absente.e'o~ers';(firsLca:tegory).:; fQT:.
'and r.eparahons.'NumerQu~, :cQric~rns: . wliIC.h· were
".
. . ""
,.....
, .....,' " ·,1- ".
.'
subject to' 'Allied contiQI,·were':.~trtigghng;t'd;;c·arrY·'
Qn' op¢ra.tlQns Qn a greatly . r.edu'ce<d.,,·scal:E:i~:·{': :... ,
"Under the Circlimstances,.the' most :'imriie'diat~, fask
was t'6 find s~ita:ble. cU:st6dia~s' add' .adIn:iriishato~s
· capable of handling and illfprQving:·the· pibp;~rt:ie~.
· subject to. cQntrol. Real'estiIte ',custodian's: wei:~
encouraged. tQ~se avail~fAesurphis,fup:ds<·(f~'oIIt··
rentals) fQr the reha:blilitatiQnaI,1'd'repair:Q~;builoings;,'
. Custodlan~ apPQinted for QperaHng,prQpert(eswere 'i
given authQrity to. carry OIJ. normal' businesi? trans
actions. '
. . , '~
,
, . " .-, . ' ~.
MuchQf ·t~e .prQperty, cQ~trQf offic~'r' s··:1!iill~·. was
devQted to" helping aridadVlSing' (:u:stodians'in
. sQlving their proble~s, "ha.n:(li~apped:·,as they::were
by inadequate machi~~rY andmate·i-ia\~,lcickQCtrans~:.
PQrtlation ano' Qther. means Qf :cQirimunic.{tion; 'and,
. ,. ....." ,. ' .' .
abQve' all~ shortage'6f, funds: It win ,b~ recalled that<'~~~:;~;I~.~t.·.' e,r p .. S:., •... :.. . ' '..~~~~:r.:i~b,t·i~~,~:·~i~i.i
the. financiaLinstitu tionsQperati~-g tn:Ber:liri' before'
. .
the'cQllapse" Qf. Gerrri~nY."h~d:,; been~,:tlosed'::(see, .., expor.t: bjis!ness,.vlac dh¢>Aij.·Uit· dtiring·:the'<.bJOcJ{ac!,e~
,..,,:..: .
page' 81 ) . ,and: <ill' credit. :balaric'es :bf., .·depositQrs·. .~x~~~le" ~~: i~te~d~~,<ib~;it~cift.urith; shc~:,"i~m{~~. . .'
blQated ever since...' .' ' ; . , . "<'"
. " .';.. . the;dWners'/c~~>t~k~,'·~,r'?tect1ve·:s!~p's'.;:t~~¢s,.eiV:~::·· .' !
In ,.Qrder . tostartoperatiQns:a:nd t'oaccQiriplish '. ,·Until· ihe:indddl~ o'L1947,;thEiI'e:w'aJSrid,c6riirn:~niC'a:., ".'"
necessary. rehabilitation '.wQrk,. ;e~terisi~e'.lo,~n,s to' ·(i'~n.bf:·a!tr~iisacti'briatn:ahireand'~rilY,]irnit¢.d tIayel .
SQme Qf'the .larger cQn·cemSwereappi,oved. 1:.0' CQpe' t'o: arid 'fr'6m:Be~tih;On!.June25; 'i947;': jils( after the :.: ."
with the· increasin'g 'deta'n ,ot'. t,he, adivi:n~s, . arir~stQratiori of,:tf.~~~ac·ti~'ii~(cCiIn;nunicatrbil!i, i(was . ,; ,:.
,!
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..
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.,
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...
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:;.~4~U·~toW;~~~~~~~~fn~~bilr;~~~j~l~~:~~~~;···
:'
I?Trect'tv'e.
fQr
c::qun.~il;is5ued.
50,' whichpioy.~ded,
,:tfie>, di~p?sitiOn9f 4~i6peities<'havin!id)e lQngedi'tQ
:"~':~i~~)~~rlre~~:~nJ~re~ti:~'~"':~i~':' i~Pj'~~~4~~d:'bY"'~':
" Korp.~!l:~da~}lr'a ,~rder:'~~n,;F,~l>,~ar.Y /};:,19;4~i~, whiCh, ,
,
O{H,~?;;f9~:'~s.peCla!lCQ,~~1,SS10Il: tqb~ ,.e~tablished;~Y ,,
, e Magtstr<,l-t.
,, "
,".
,","
'"
, "''PropertiE~'s 'cif. l~~ding,: Naii 'Par'tymerribeis ~eie'
·:~aKeIl{n.~o. :,~t!-'st94Y '~~:;,~,a-rt Of ,the: :6:vei:iri~ ,:prog:~atn:-',
<;l,r-,Hle', gen1!-i.i~icati0~ :a:n~;dei?pi(ariiati9ri.:·gfGeimanY.: '
,:',)ni!(ne 'V?ith·,:theg~rieral;',N1i.litar:Y'Go've,inment,
<,::, ~91icY,:"~\ :of :!r'an~ferf;ing"'::gn~at~i",~,esPbii~;ibijjty, to
',' ,;::G~rfua,r). go:v:ernmentaFauthorities." the;'custQdy and
",,,,Yjl,,,.. ,,,,,,'l, u
; .. ~.cti~'t6djanE-"; ~ii~i~~st~1!-ti6ri oi, t~~s,>:ca~e4?ry, o(}r9P~t~ies "'V,r~lr
in',~\win~~re,~,9!(feis'Nr.exp.?ti: '~:';'f,s"S~If¥' ",,' ~h~ ,p:et.E:f1J,~»~e.:~! tb,~:l1~g~s<trat. of,
,
",'"
,:"",..",
. .'t .
.:":'.,,~ 'i~;:j_
' .. >',::-~.
,:,.~.
:..,.".;,:.
","':'-:;'1'
.. ~r'~·~,,~·t;<.',,·
\':1,"
'~",",,~.'.",'"
:':,"\
,~~!:.'~
.,~~,
,- , ....
. ail'nouriced. that dwners,',Qf.'proper1:y}n Germany~ ")G:FCi'rben properUes"(fifth;'category)'were taken
o,wners:, ~hy 'tesicied ;out~ide ,'tJi~' cqunt;y~c~tll~t:':· ~ndeI':'c(rxit:r~l'. ,on, tli:E{;i~q:s~:~ ~! ,'g e
p,eral., Order' 2: :
apply ,;'j..ltider; , ce~ta:rnr:coiidh,f6~s: :fOr .the "rel~ase ..'. ,:In': Jl!l¥;~' t9,1,l8;~1l:·1(]:d~afb:en,pr.oRertles·:, under
,0.1" decontroi:. Qf::' th~ii, \;p~op~i:ii~s':' to' ::'n:6min'e'e~; .cop.trQ'C'; :riumb~in'g'2;r::uii.iits', :witH',;': :,a:,,yiilue' ',Qf
whQ" ~wer(ij ~~~IplCln~hf"::r~ii€:n!s: 6f"GeJ,;iminy: ari&·,,· RM;:.~3.;·319.?O~~~te/i~I:~a~d,~:t(t'di,~igh~ted, .agent~
who. :wou. ld .Be;',;'gi~~'prqp~rly~~executed', 'powers' . 9f ;tliec-1(l. .F,arb~jf;9.~n(rqH)ffi~er,::: . ,~, ." :;:\: ;:" . ',,:,. , ,
of attorney,: ' :.:, ;:.:':-r ,':' .,:, ,".' .,'. ,. :" ~"',: . ·,~oi1trol',ha:s),beeiiexeiCised.,o~h:;ariy;j:iiQpertY:'in,
,w~s< ~66ri.'ievide:rit'/:ti~~~v,erthat'6~er's.:';'eFe • "tli e;~iX;tli ciltegory :fbiv/bJch'a.. ciaiill :ha~;:beenfil~d
, sf~w: ill: as.surrii~g}espOhS!Bilit~fb~'theif'p'~ss~ssiQris;: " a~le,gi,Q~,. iI:i~{. th~.: ~J'~p~ity,.)~a:d:;:be,~h:,:traIi~ferrt!~
O~e :.appar.e~t~rea.:so~was:: 'tiiiitJ)i'ey: felt' pr'Qpex;ty.: ' uIlo,ei,:dMf ess ::" .' "" , ' :' '.:'." '.',',''; ',.:,•. " '. " ' •
cQnfrof. qUstodY , 'a[for~ed: ;:pf6tettion : 'WhiC;Ii:;'would-,' ,',:.A,tterrrpts;:Wer\"l),$<tde: in. B,erTin'.1lirou.gl1.'li?ng drawn:
not be::p~eie~f;·aft~i~a;~~():n&oJ~,{N'cin~ih~i~;S. 'ali;ilro:~' .o.~~>.~.~gQt:i;atib~s,. :Qn>
' ,,' ' ,(l~d'.' Fat~r. 'on,'
petties :'ih'i1i'is:cat~gbrY':':wilfhavebe~n::released ,' it: " :tripartite... oases ,. to,~'h:;'slitutipn:
'.r ~" ' "', ,;.'.. . '. '._ '. " .:. , ". :-., '.
,,- ' .. ~ .'",
"
.'
.:,t
,
l~ e~,tImated.!bi the end'6f'.,Septenibet.t949:, ' '" '""
,
A la,rge number :Qf 'propeI\i'es in the sec~ri:d: cat:'i~~" ,
gQrY (foriner,~eicih,'br st~t~ P~9~EiitYl '~ere not.takeri::,
undercontrol,.,beqiiis€' many of theri:i.::-the"Reichs~ '"
b~hii" ,Reichsp,Qst; a~cl,: lril~?:id:Water-w~ys.:p~op~rbes ',:'
,;!sed to tloiIse Qr fadlftat~;fup~t~onsof the ~ity<gQ.Y7
ernmeJit, 'Qr' properVe's .. U:nd!?-r' requisitiQn'by ·the·,.,
Military., ,GQ;vernm~nt"':":':were 'uncl,er "supervisiQn" .",
of ,either, the'M&g-istrat or:interest'ed:brranches :o(the'
1rS, cit 6,tll€1I' ,.A1iie!i ':occupahori F:0tces;',:; ...
qn Aj:>i:il·20;'1949.,'MF,J,;a*1~ "(as pr6mulga~ed~'.
traI).sferiing.t~tle to ,allprq.perties in :this ':c~tegory ,to, "
the, City cif:BerliIl.i:e~hi~i"as .trust,ee'for·a: s~hs~qU:ent'
Gerium 'statedr:as owner.,' ,.," ..... ",
'"
Unifs:iri the, third'<:1a~~~iQ~Y:(fQrrti~iN~~i :orga.niz~~
.: It:
*
"";
,
':',',
'
•
•
•
.... ,
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".
i
.).
•
.'
.'
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,.
,',. .I<d4(fiitg!iig,hi~bulb,'l~anufactiir:ej Fit·,W ifs:r Berlin.
:1ias;been uiider pi:i>i)erty'con'troiSiriceth1}'€!n'd, of the war.
,:':,pr~~lr~~;',~~nd~~oo1'~diffei~~c'e~: ~~o~~:.t~e";;c~'.
',' p~!fi?n p()~erSfl~Y.ent,ed\ agreeine'~t ,f~i: ;a"jon,g'tiffie:
,', ':On-JUly ,15, 1949: however, ,a, RestItutIOn Law'was
. ,:,~i~'qed:: by:.the thxEi;e >western 'se~to£. (;ommcindants
. : c!-,.eatin·g !~$titution.ag\"l'ndes' charge:C:i,:,\vit,h . effe¢t~
.iri~L ,amicable' se:ttlement\Qf ·.clairlls ,betw'eenAhe,
man'ufaduiin'g plant' in', ·p\riti:e~; :a:J?,d:';prcrv:}ding';judiciaL procedrur:es-:fQr:..the ,
also heJd in:, U.S: C~~}9ay.; , ,pt.oper adjtidicati9n; ,pf:,.d~sP,~:~~~ ,cJai~s:" """
.
. P';t, o·p .~:R;'~~,Y·,>'C·O·N:T '~,:o"i' , \".'
.',/
'.
',' ,
)
.
90
~
,.
:.
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~~
';':
l
"
~
t:I'
:
~
~
..
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...
,
.
',!
mHiion',RM which amourit. is .included
, g expe~seolr.ecoiistructioti '6nth~
that ·~uffidentmci.tedai·and.labor:will
'be
toexpe'~d ·sudLan. :arn6un:t. ,J~ addition
it tshoped that'
certain poiUon6f~tiie,'
t~x . ~hiCh 'at .' present' g~es'to . the ·Riissfa.~
' .. b~'recoyei:ed" by. the 'City. ,duriI1 g :the.
year.'Such ·an:. accomplishment 'wiU'l:lenefft
HU.UUJ,<:;U
not
a
e~timated70'~illionRM/rt'
R COrilparisonof' Occ'upation Costs by' S,ectors for the
"',' ..
' p!"riod endi~g 31 :tvfay 46'
.
(1000'RM)
. AniericanSector'94,361
.British '
'
"49',083',
Russian"
,34,349
French
".
.~,.l~;408·
192,201
.'
'bya:ri:
.is ..'".'A. . .
also·thatwhen all Coxrtmittee'studiei;;are ..T .,B.·. L. E.,',9,: . :" ....,. ,.......",' ..,'.' .",.",,",'.,. ,.', '.,..... : ..'
, a' .consid,e,r:al:ile". ci.r:i1o~.nt,.,.,of.···' :~.~ti~il.:.i~.d: REPA,RATIONS ..·PAID:SOYIET.. SECTOR,. BERLIN·
,
:, No":ember f,945. to Ap'iit30,1946,"", ."..
may he savel;l in mariy depar'tment~'of,t)ie . " "
',' .
.' . . .'
'.
. ' ,,,,,
..'
. Mat~rl;d
"
' Anio'\lnt·.
. .
..indicated hi following '.tables", r~venues ,col" ,. " , .cCl~les
8;977,526.RM·
.' • :'metals .'."
';',.' 1,710;6£)1" ..,,{ ,'.
continue :to :, exceed, the':budget.esti'mates.
. . 'refrigerators':",
... ·1 500000 .
tityTreasqx:~rhas • given ,theC()11lnlittee ~s"
,,': circul~r:saw~. " . .,,'; ,', '1:169:925
that. some ',' ,hundred ,'mniioilRM,tii,ay: ··he
.In13tallatr6nJ6i: comptessed:gas .90'0,000:
'Of the estimate ..for,. the,'coming .
:::misc:'
. 't·,867,349"
.'16,125,'452 RM ::.
I, .• , ' .
'.
"',
•., •••..
',~
"
Monthly Compat:1son .of. the Budget. of the : '
,
CUy of Berlin' "
.
,
~
.PROPERTY.'CONTROL·, ..
,"
. , ' .
I~'
.',
. '
,
. ' The .secoJid:six months'petiod was .one of de
1946, ,REVENU~, ",' . EXPENDq:lJRE '.
yeiop·meIit' tihdextension ·ofthe program establiSh .
'Budget, Actual : Bydget
Actual ed"tnthj:i ,jilitial pefiod~·a•. program 'wllic.h ::b:a:d '
: (in million of. R'eich13~arks)
. laCked ,qucidrupartite' suppprL LaviNo. 52 lias been
,'aggressively applied.iri, the :U, S. Sector ,of Berlin .
." Du-ring tirepast'siX'mOiitb:speriod,an additiomilof
"12,51, prop~r.ties, were, brought' :iIicto controfwhich
,incre'ased the;·jncomeofall. properties ·to,more
,than,5do:0~~'~lv!;mpnthly.: 'Fhe'scope and,.'activitiEis,
56;;170 ,.of.-the Property. Control Section were,broadened
1st quarter
. 6'0,.415. t6,more,' adequately 'take '; car~:of -these- additionai
.115,601:) ,·149,84/f. '148;87~
117,995 'properties and,thefunCtionsof proteCting: Ailied
'147,224
115;698
'148,878,
, ,an'd'Neutral\ in'terests; iocatiri'g'~md' blocking',lo'dted
:,,' .
,.properti; }aking 'cllston,}, of the', holdiIJ.'gs cof'l':l'aiis
~i:J.a black'lfstedpersOns and die former, German,
OCCUPATIorsCOSTS
:~Hatej :breaking up, of cartels, anP:.:liqu'idaHng. ,un
.. ~~ri~ed.i~clustries."
. , ' . , , ' .'", '., .. '
..ofparticular interest'wastli'eactivities' of the
'·12,565;Ul:46RM. 1>roperty,'Control,Sectionwith' fegardto'. former
,
67,643,546:83 """,'',: Getmana'gencies and ,~onomkgroups.' . A' cu'sto,~
.... " .
'..'
",
',' ,
, ' .
. ' dia~l was:appointed to keepintatt,therecordsand
, " .., , : , 1 0 'lfmit;.:·tlieactiVities of the~elarge ,orgaIiizati9D.S
"-:'---";;;';'---~---~--."';"-~__~~~;;;';";':"':"';"":"'.,i..;.;~
wllich;had 'been,·"the :backbone 6f'qerman,economy.
'Thus iar:,31 , such . g'roups' 'CHive· been ,tak:en 'into
",
custody,' and their assets'are' far'in " ej{cess of
, '" ' ", .. ,',,', ' .Production
141',000;000 'RlyI:,jndudf~gbio'ck:ed' accounts'.. Many
. , Ma:leri~is, '. Civilian ,at'change'
T~t~1 , . : docu'men't~therefro'nihave ',!?een'turried' bver to ,the
& Supp,lles
",ta~or.· ·afa .thing
, ,& others
Bernn])Qcri~~nts; Ce~t~i., ' , '
"',
"
",
" "',
Acorislg.e,rable 'numl:ier 'o'fproperties'were-con c
(in 'thous~nds' :of Reichsrriark~)
.fiscated by' thfdormerGerm. ail. Reich. from J.ews imd
Occup~tion ,.. ' :'.,.'
',
.,
"
. .,
"
.
,
' . ' : ,562 '9,307
27610;145' P,oles, 'some' of vihich"we're sold to. third-parties.
:9,110
3'8,325 . ,Those,heidby the Reichor tra:risf~rred.to,the City'
" 2,091' '27:f24
1;61O'i4;869
2,239
:18,718,'of,B,erliiiliave ,been;,taken intocus'toay. ,A ~arge
'1.,689
7,3i6
,582' , 9;587:,' mim~er Which h'ad' be€m soid tOd tliird,'paitie~'liave '
1,526
7,548
. 967 "10,041" ,be,en,'inv¢stigatt;d arid are qoV:,.iIi custoi;lY., Jlurther
3;633853
2i "':4,507 'investigqtion is, being carried: on, ,to 'loc,ate 'such
.1.410, '
.5~4955
,':2,929 property: To faciHta'te th~ adin:inistiat'i<;>n oLReich ,
; 44'
. 6 2 3 " . , ' 1()9 confiSc;ated:'properties, a 'custod14nwas appOinted'
Total;
12;565 '67,643
14,153 :94,361' t)y the Komrqandatura:: " '. " ,
",
'.
'. 1. G.Farben properFes, destined for ,:dissolution
underthed~ca'rtelizationprogram, have been.t~k€!Ii .
.
.'
' "
'.
,'.,'
1'07 '
;',
"
�','.'
, .
.'.
.;
"
,
.
in' which 1; G. Farbeu·.. :in;. gettIng:' ;infor.ni~tipnstatli~:,·o}'·b~rik:·: ..
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
[Notes on Various Reports]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-notes-on-various-reports
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5fe9e2759a7d5ad0feb5426f491f4df4.pdf
1f62e376d66fea4640d94154872de55a
PDF Text
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\: ~~O~;~h9ii~F t;h~8:'.Up ::fof :. th at.' I 'ha:v.::.p~ck8l;l·Up.:& ).~ew· it... :~ha~f
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",~d "l1l84e\:~:'~a.ppr~xt~'~. 9alcUlat:l,oD: et ~•.:ci~f¥itl(,(.~~g.·:
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~'~;i~~~f.:~erio~· Counail - l1&/!I·the r.,,~::of,:,~ppOrt.\i1?it;~,.·;.~Ounf;tt:'.
6;.~-/i:~:,\.;;.l:;. '~(t~8;,: ~~_i~.t..~.:"p~ .~ofeIl81onal" :'( ~o':~~~:'ptote$8~~l1al:'~ l)fs ).r:/
. ,i'r'~·~/'~:~~~~~~':"~';-~i:::)'~\;··:r),:.:,·i .:!~.. ' ' ' ,' .'.~""~f' " I, . . ~:."_', .... :' _ ,.;~ ~;1 ./i~;;·/~':;;::·'. '{:~.li:·:"·,~;~,/':~'~:'"
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AR/ 45/64
#3840
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'{,~::::-,.:., (8.) ffiO 'Logistioal Support (column 2 in the summary table): Huch
~:i..' ;,' .. ',()f this ,wa~ given in kind, e3pecially in the first· two/ years, with
,)'''-',''<;' '::,::,
theoretical value placed upon the 8IIlOunt drawn by the agencies
:~~ ..: '_' 'thatwas sOIlletLaes ,the subject of argument. Eogo
Supply and
l./!~i~,{:,,: ~~Tr'a.n;POrt officerswa;re inclined to insist 'that vehicle spares,
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ve'
. bicles~' ·or.that stoc\(S were "out" wl'en they needed them. From
': , .'~'. ':. spot check~' and other' inforliW.tion we. sometl.mes discounted an official
,
'.. ',' '," .'- ,.:. '. budgEi~ figure in est:iJn:.lting the actual value drawn by. the agency. As
!'. :.-:,:'.~,: .: ,!.·!i.·'.·,_ .{:,.·.::.::,: . ,>
. time ;:went . we won S; and T cooperation in mor;,: enct assessments in
'lnost:'areas; also !l1(.'r~ and more of logistical 3upport in later rears
.'.. ':' ..:- ... ·.,'·:_·was· given.in th~form,of cash or ration books :}f stated value and our
. ',i'._,: .' :·,.j;:':,;··.-~;;:., ..:latet::'9w:igetin·g: w&squite exact with close adjustinents every quarter.
',:':; 1.i'~Z;!j~"'<:';'·;:'::-',·":Hy. figures are however estimat ed expenditures, all reconciled with
-::,r.;·\~;;\~~;\,·(,:;.~·_';;the budiet. office, but not the official accounts in l'lhich the::;e log
;.'~:;;.·~::~~i,·~\~~:;;:k:·::"::·. istfc,aL1tems are alll':;uried in general operational codos.. '
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. ':,:'.('b )'Th~ Occu:eatiol\Al i:sudg~~z Even :Jlore than the dol~ar logistical
, -' .. ·.. _budget:-,·these 1~igurosinclude estbat.es of value in kind, and are
'; ,sbmetimesextensions of known figures: e.g an f,vailable est:blate for
, the Germ~ fiscal year (ends in April) adapted 'to IHO' 6 year, tale ing
- into account numbers of personnel and vehicles in bridging the three
-. : ni6nth's of uifference in terminal. dates. In the French and ~iri t:i.sh
.· . :-ZOnes· where IRQ had little part in the 'management of the .()i.": budget it
, ...;~~,'
was difficult to obt~in (until very latd in the operation) close
'~,:"."
t":·., 'estimates of the !lM Vall1013 to be properly oharged as support to agsncies o
i.,' ( - , : : : In the u.s. zone the main difficultytwas to tietor.nine the sepnrate values
,_' .:~<~·t ,- " , t o agencies of ,COIIlTTlOn inl5tallation~, pooled sorvices or facilities that
.. ." ,: ,..:.-iff.i-: .-< \,;~:-'theY' shared with DiC.! These. itelll5 could not -De reduced beyond a rough
'. :r'
, ,':'" ~':.-! ·\;;~t);{·):?f.;f .,s~:iriia~e- without cons~derabla awninietrHtive expense.
It is' quite possible :.l,;:":,,;;.:.:~.
.
.;,in- all. Zones, we
Lhe value of the DH budget to
"
.
:;\~[~;;7Rtj~~~:t:,"::\"'~"~}he ~encie8 •. On the !~ther hanu, it was often a mar-tor of ~ocal con:' _'
'.
::~\~:/f~;::.:)(:+~~~r::,:.,.venienoe.U; the early :~ay8 ~ihether local personnol on the Di-J bu~et ,,'ere
:: ;!...';::,::
:.. :'~;:l"'.;.,;:.~.;:;;<~ ..,~ • listod·.off~cially as iliO or agency employees"
I remembor once, for,
.,' ",:,,-:,,:,~;,:.
"·;b'·:~·;;-;">,::'.'~';·example,,'when some IRO cruLlpe having been ordered to reduce Df' camp
. ..;·g~··~:~;~;f
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/l..::;JC);)~i~,~;:'t?7;:):t~at
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,~~ve llnder:~timated
,workers on .the payroli to
6~
:', :,~ ,~/',~ ., : _:'_;: .": ;' ~_',;.~ :, _;.~ '
of t!:e camp population or 501lethinB,
Sim.ply';-,:'.!:·;:',·~,I.:.,: .:.~.~.;,.~.;.~_:,~:,_,:~.;_,: ~.:,~.,'-:..
t,~.!',:
lir,::(;~;;~·:::~;;: . >.~/.,trane·feJ:"red the excesq to an agenclY's nonu.'nallist 01' indicenous eJflployeesJ
.-\\:<;i.'.;:~
.'}\"-
;·-'.~owover;\~that was a situa.tion which was overcome iharly on.i\iith the
'agendas,. we treated the DH, and dollar badgets ,..rUh equ:do seriousness 88
f;:'~>:~';', ,:::
parte,: of. the whole and this was tipplied with grenter force an:! with more
;/~~;.-,~:~;;':~ ,}:~;
~lling' aooeptance on :.their pClrt as time went on.
l\~:'·/
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"::~:\:";r{::<',-'
~'~e
lJ~Bsions
"(c) In
fro" away
and}Jerhaps others nearer home, there were
probably some.financLp. transqctions with agencies buried'in codes for.
reception costs, a few movements Md other things wbich "lere IJC.rt .of the
"x.fisslon' ff blhtget but ~ere actually executed bY' a: locnl agenoy for the
("., .', '",'
'Mission.· An agency r~g1l1arly uctive at a pert no'c rcgnlarly used by IRO
I~··<:;"··'- . :t.\".
(BIAS at Hars8i]~e8) ~0!:l.otime8 did port wory. for IRO, and booked passages
l, -,:~.'~,~;,~:(_·: ,: ..:: )::\:.',
for migr~ts on cormnercie.l ships, providing these services at oost 't..hich
was --paid by the IHO hl,ssion in France. I am sure cur Headcl1.larters figures
,"'-"
" , . , .'~ave not' ct.ughtup "rit,h all the&6 odd it.ems. The purpose of i:",y analysis
!. ;'"
",a~ to show the magnitude and character of n-w's financial relations with
.'; .'<" .
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.:ltimate its proportions.
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�JDC Archives
AR 45/64
#3840
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aggregate f:[na:nq1a~'in~estr.lents of ·the. ag8nci~s"ln th~·IRq. progrll!1,- . rue
, .: involve. many': b'?-'lgets 0,£ &utonam.,?ulI nationu·. 'a$eno,ie8: as"~ weU: as .tl!eir.." .;,
,,'," internat1ori&l 'CQunterparta, and 'preakdoWn8 8S t.9 ·rel'ugefl!' oat~gor.ieB ,;(lRQ ':. ,>-:,:
" '" 'or"!non~tRO) or of:-relief eontriwtioifs ·toEurOpe"{a:O:betwe~ri.r6fu,eeB, alicl".~·"; ,
locu popUlations):. ¥"e fiU'ficult to·obtain. ,'N('14Iq:,receiv~d' tr,ciin.. ·theBis~op8' ,
" ' H,eliet;·C~pa1ghs. In.-tbe; l1~S.over $4.. 600,'000 for: DP...relief and... re:J.'~t.l~ent:·,·
'.,,: ,<tram 1947,~to .:31 ;Ootober: 1951. ' (This is'not',a pub1ishe'd figur'e>and .,no\lld·· .:<
. "';\:;%~'liot.: be .put.11cli uDedwi'thout c:ooseni;.)~: FrCl11, ';L94S ,to 19~ th~Lut~eran 'iorl'c( "
': :"'l!: '::'r'F~deration\~iriyested ,$1,744,752 in. service to refUgee,", To this ,l'Iluat,pe.. : .,i.\ ".. '
":'." "'.',
,":~',' , ',::: added ui'or,e;o:irca tbe:separate budgets, of counterpart agenci,es •. _ In th~ir' '.brier·'v""."'~"'c
, , ,to ·the'FordFoundation the four prillci,al.agenoies es~i.ll1ated ;that.. in';,co-; ".' .'/':,,~, : '
'.. . , ',,; ,·.~paration;1f,ith, mo, theY' had made poenble the reset tlemeut. of: f>90, 000 ,::,>'i:~ ;;!,'/;.. :_:,~, .>'" '.~::
'. , ' ..
).
' . refugees;~' ;:'. In the iame per1odtbe;y distributed :1'e1181" goodll', (not eonf~ed' ."0 ;::' (::
\.,
, ,: IRO retug~es)tothe value of $240,000,000.' This astronomical total, however; .::/'::1.
";i·'~,.~;:~·1nciude8'; 8uppl:l:8$:,.,they received: free or. at n~:L cost frOm the U.. S. s~plU8':'
',' ';"':' '<~;i;0~d8 progrBlio ,When P9+RO. beB8n a rough estimate. tJhowed that, the. aggregate .'
" 'budgets ;:0£" ill,agenCies! for refugees and related work was not: tar. below ,the'
.
. total for-PCmO i.tsei!.1 Oforurs6, AJDO W~I:I Ii heavy ,weightin~ factor ':1.n,'\ :,~'
,..this:. I ;would: gu.esathc+t .this aggregate ia considerably less] now, but it?~· '.., .
, , . ' helped: to'.save"'the dai ~or IROrefugees when pcmo care and maintenance fUnds,"
1r18re', ,SO ,iil8.dequate to the need~ It was such aid which provided the nt.ariiJ of" .
;life':t~~· .rao refU&8es in France, Austria an.d eisewhete' until !ROaonld;
, .. ;;. take:::th4ilm on. Thj3se so~ce8 saved the day again for manY when the IfiO care
.,:'., .·::'e.rid·:'iimmtenaace program lended.
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, '1o:.Now In. addition to the enclosed SUIWIllU'Y' table of 111.0 grante and ptqments.
" ' " .to agenci,es' I aIn sendine you the breakdown abaete for tb e first, three years. "
.
'
. and' the last 18 months (solAe of whose items spilled over a bit . into 1952) .. " ,:'
,
:..., Thase~ll ; give you the cOOlplete tist of projects sUppol'ted by grants 'or' r.'::':~J}
.. ,::0'
. 1nll:>ur8~d,'bl· }It\yments. In comparing these 'with the sUlllllla.l7 tail1e plea8e not·.: ,.'~" ,
,
'
. the .following difference in ciassificat10n of grants torai!1gee sarnoe, com":" ';' "
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,
.,
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a~d for the,
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tor baoicIRq·programa;-.
.
most, nearly belonlh "
. IntlieaU!Dn1
arztabJ.4 I iaerel¥ lifted them ,out. into a s6"par......
, 901'Wlln, of their own; "anct the IIreimbur sement" . totals in Column
" .5 are,~rr8spondingly reduced from the reimbursement totals in
, , the. breakdown sheets..
'
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they are sh0w.n far 1949/50
und~~r~1mbursem.ent8
'Whi~h they probablY'
months
. the' .,oatego17in
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8.0' .' ''VrisiTative notes. Will give'Tou a fili t:il,lount of desctiptlori at the
agenc,- projects list,ed in the breakdown sheets. To, this I W,ill add,m9re
later~ . but will'not hold ,up the present material for, this fUrther detail.
• l'
: Please: exC'4se the messy ~ook of some pages. I wrote them before all figures'_:
used were v6rifiedand correoted.. and re-t-yplng ndght delay' thia:,beY'orut the ' .
moment when you',need it ~' our sec~.tariea are in abort supply' 'Just noW. :
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, 9. ' The, breakdown aheets ,show only. the .lump ~ totals for r,RO Imgistlcal
' " 8uppor~' ~ut·, I enclose \ a . sample, ~abulatlonwwh1oh ~e uaedto' keep' .current·,' , ':,' :,
rou~iileq .. qual"tel" bi ·q'J.arter with control ,of savings and adjuat.m.811tot:the.'·, '
,~udg.tquar.te~·bY quarter:' (e.g;; two, weGks subsisteneeallowance i f a ~~partin& . ,..
. , agen,cy statf. m~rn~ber wasnotl"epla:Qed for a fortUight)~wi.th f)et~ate~,:~f,,:.' ,:':"".',
.
actual:, e.xpe?d1tures - kept up, to .date as we went a.Iolli_ Nothing ever' stayed < ' ,.
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AR 45/64
#3840
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::·~';v }",:;,~ pl;it' J~r'fv~i, long ~amorie 20 to,JO a&ency.. !,rot,lTruns,' embracing, nu.1t8rO~8 '
:'~~!L~:~::~::\~~~ce,~ipt,,~j,e:~tB #i, 5, :dif;fel'ent )'ield ttrea8:~" ),u:t; w8,.,u~ed ,the saVitfgs" ~ :, '
,"~,(.,,:I:yi'8om.:,t.o,.tai:ie.:care ot ,the new 'contingencies' in ethers and thus :m.aintained
":}~~{'?5fie~\)Uiii'~thi:n', 8uthori1'ed"overall 'limits, ',Usua.:uY'ldth a,final,:I1et. '
.:t;":lI"?B.$g~i.:t{Y~l'i8"~hd:or the y.ar.'· The,'losiGticalb,udget $nd much of the , "
,*~je~t~~tI;g.-t.~g waS. Ivery ·likEf tt~e~: cooper'iitive budgeting of a CQDlmunit;y,,',;'"
.,~. ,.:':,ch eB~':,:",::~~h ~ ~'l~g~ '~\lII1ber 0.( ,a~~ney ,progralll:', thebl:8ak8 CQia8 bothwqs
"/.i,;;:;:arid::,t,he' variatlon,:,dt,::detail tlli'ov.ghaUt they-ear is n()trev~&.led in the ",'
(t: .'..,' ':',:"':~~}~,:,,~:~r::~:"~:;~~,::. ~~,~,~~
" '"
"
r£.·:~:: ,:",,:j:.'.1. Fi:,lO.' l:f$~~:~'9:r ,jihe:; Pr'oJeet grants" wlBre
, "r:·':·:::<·;;i;·~:>~:::·,·,~ ;'tc:!'i·(~n~Y'i*"oglms :set
"
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p'ldgetedfroIlla Special ?rojeots,: . '
up in our II1ah'oi'.,Explllnditure each year'
'1:1 ~:':<.:tf~~'/'~·~~t~,(~t~~'~/~,o;:"ae~~{ld.e ·G~tes).· ,Items
,
in the re1ll1hur~ement col~ came trom
,:
! "':', ~:. ),::~:.:!:.~ :,~~i-:.",~th~~,s~c,:,~O 'c;qde, ',1 for care' and maintenance, movements,; vocational
I' , '1;(,;,;':,:_.:'~:t~·;tra~,t"r8Pa.billtation etc., within the totals buda;eted for those programl,
'i k~:' ;::: ~~·,·(,:b1it"onCe,·1:D.,'a.'lih11e wtjon lSQ!fle of these funds ran ahort I tlurl,to nbsorD, 60me
':
I·, "\ ",:':'.,,~par~·,:~t;8ri.qtJ:16r~ae, 9asioservicein the Projects fund. A'SAparate, ;,;:es'erv8,
I' '
, "'~' ..wuo:·8.tyup"t·for, ~efugee service Com.m1ttees, and grants for hard
eore and' some". ,._.
:
" " "'1>,~~d~~e :oame !1;'Om the hard 'core ttmd.;J. The Sloc~o4 PH ;\:;count (as distinct, ;,
:"::,,.," :'t:r;~::the~l)ccupatlon b~dget) was too SOUl'oe for substantial Ott grantsfqr "
"
.',,~~:sidual ~progra..'1lSvhi~h ere not shown separatel,- asIA"; erants in QUi' tables' ";, "
,',
",'b'!1t., ar~ ,eXI'r~88I!Jd 'in their dollnr values 1.IJld form the, sUbstantia.l. part. of
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: 11 0 :, ,.I ,have numbered the. paragraphs in this lettex' Bnd the columns in, the'
): .,"; '~:::t::,a~l,tl. llo tllat ;YOll canret6r to thetn oonv~niantllr if you need a
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. " :qu1ck>:M$J)I'~, on a j'urthor detaU.. I have also nUl4l:'lered the bl'eak::hnm &lGets t ':"
i,:~,nd '~he::,:iteTJlS appearing on them.
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#3840
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.... ,...:..-,......~ 11.. t .. it. p;a..e i1rreBt 111 . . . poet. . ADd .... it
...... \tJ,:_, ,.. I ..w ....T. . . . . tar . .e spare aep1e.. I _ reterr1D.ts \0
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1\ I uke4 Col. COWIIIi t.o ,. throqb it ali - I 414 . ,
Ida hll Jl:uwlAtq... approT&l. He 8&14 i\ . . a JIO!'t.,
. ~ .."..,. of \he
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' : ; " : ' - 111 . , let.'-r t.o Hr. Warrea I put' 1A ••
pertOl"lUlloe fipJ'u
I eollld. bat. mare J'ttII(1Iin. cHact. 1a olA lBO tile.. I(,w,
. . . . ~ ......... N8.-t1q1t• .t1lAt. tor arohivea ud biat.C'11f7 it appo1at.. . a
............ tU2. . ·upen" ... proo...... toe d.18oraard ... the til.1.aa 1Q'1I\_ ..
.~........,. ..u tW AIl1'JdDa, _ I haft BOt. had
ellouah t.o be per.. .n.t
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t . &&ad•• arOUIId lev t.rit ooul4 1Rlpp17 a lot JIlore ora perfOl"Jll&llM
.tiIII'Uaal ~ekl.T, i f ta. . . . arb.. bet... I . . ~ it ou.1;. Mr. War""
. . ftr7 aad.ou te M'ft ,aot.aDle ~ to _ ... that a par\laular 11". ., ...
... a
. :N-"dU ~.a..1\1T. t .. ll~. I haft prodll..d. loa of ~.
ala u...."'" ttl... an...,. o\Dal'1le It ""ere 1a UT Jaa OftI' it ~
I ,.....n "" ... latJl tropia t • ... per.aal Ileq in pttiq together _
.....,. t.tpre. ap'itat tll. ftri... crut.a 11.ted ill t.he tabl... Let her rud.
.\UI
p10k up the hrth.. 40,. Dee4e4. . Sh. 1. our port 11&1. . ud.
PI. attioV 1a II. . . dJ.4.'\Ile . . . tflt' DO, AId bu aa1nt.a.1M4 &pDq rel.&tlou
18 a a-r&l. wq too. 'fA..,. all Jcaw b...." ancl tl"Ut Mr•
.-u ..
. . . of thl. 1. al.. tan 1ar \. o.rt.rwa. Gates. lb. . . . alw.qa of
........ help
bwl&.' probJ..u ud. atla1r•• lb. approached Dudpt,iIaI ..
a . . . . 18 wbieb . . . bwlc.teeJ'. . . 4efie~Il'.
-.1...,.
1a tb.• •'bRace, qulit7 ..4 'bado fta.... tor the FO.... ·ad. fer
'\1» ~ lIT tdd.eb. it. ... .....uti . ., ..a wll u 111 1to 00.... &IlCI cUJIa.iau•
. . . . . " . . . _ _ .... of wbat. 1t va_ about tJsai\... -prog.- people. Karie"
La.e (an 1a rIA) aoul.4 al.. till 1a &alIT 1l1WiVatiou OJ" nlArrut int__t.1a
oan . . adat. . . . . propo. . G&l"r1ed. eu\ t.ltJ"0'U&b YOlu.atU"J' aa-•••.
.,. . . aDd. .1........ ill We.tera luro,... !hie arr. . . . . . . . inh..it.lMl la . . .
at . . . . . . . . tlrta lOCI.. . .
wr. JlrfU' oo.....rat... 111 Dr _pa
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up ita _
epwaUq .Wt (eapecd.a1l,. ill haD..), aact \ald.D1 the rap tor it.
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daft. -I'll" ,•• ~1a.t aoar41Daile UIl lIwl&et the 0 &DIl 11 .14. ot the pro....
........... toM .....18. rel1et, M41eal, W . .t.1~, nbab1l.1ta\1oa,
...... ialiillr .... ,.....at leeal ..tt~ of the 0&89- 'fla. latter .oluu.,·
. . ~,teulDla ia \be. . .~r1e........ it ... aet t.a1lal. 1a ~,
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A1IaUk':_ ltialI'. A1M ia ...... hrope ...., ...,.,_ eoulA find. JON'" .
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AR 45/64
#3840
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or ,ual1tl. f.1' auffioieat. public ...bun•• t.o loI.p th_. !hi. PNll'
ia Venern .I\zrop41 ...... _ah l.1ke a relief progr_ Duk h. . .<v
W ooulc1 add together the whole DO .\~ you.r Reparattaa
plua the nlue at U.S. aurplu ,God.. UI4 8hip~p1q provU_ \. tile
. .enest.., plus the . . . .ga.t. of the ....cies- . . ~d&et.. 1D all OOUat.ri••
and the enormous oth.r oontrlbJlUons the,. lathered. lip Ira Fiyat. d.ca0l". ill
,their uaN ,oUtbIDa and Ileana ot beau" oolleai.a, aacl ell \be tb1.q. ,hat.
the ladi.s r
drea. did., plul the UBoaloulatecl ftD4s u;peIIIlIAed. by
loeal. sponsoring &aaneies, church•• and indivUuJ.. in r.8dtl_1I\ --'ra.,
the f1&vea wou.ld. be stagerin, tar th. pl"ogau lIhiah were .par1at4. lq tM '
1ntel"D.ationally' vorldna aienoi8s, or for ldlioh tho,. were uaed a. tM ettMUft
U
.tory,
.niD,
iJ1et..Joa11al\ 8. ,
Whether their wrk wall good, bad or ind.1tterent (and. it 1nehuled. all ,
three) ltrepre.ented • toroe otenonaau.. powr!n the world - fN'twlat.l¥
perhaps, not all ,oillg 11k the III_e directional ,II* was re~ a eampold._
at torces, parallel., contond.1D& tor plaoe, ~1.lDIte in cODtliot w1~ .....
ot.her or the powen-that-be, and. prampt" by d.1tter.t moti.,.•• aDd. pbU. .
sophie" 'Which of cour.. i , lIbat predd•• the balance to make daaoOl'aq At.
tor the world 8Dd the pressur. valve. to aep ita equilibrium adjusted. ~
.
Millions at people (and. I _aD Idlliona) were :participating in th••• WlUDt&17
programs sufficiently (M helpers or as helped) to :te.l an id.entit1oation
with them ad with their aspirations. .1. au RaII):,l., ..e.,JD 20,000 Luther_
e;athered 11k Hannover tor the LWF As._blT • t .. JIOQth. 8&0 they l..pr•••nt..
60,000,000 people t.hroU&hout the world. Tha,. i.sucl a oballmlg. to uti..
and. a mudat. aD. the re:tugee probl_ aut it will probllblJ' tind ita waf
or make 1t~.lt felt to every .elt-suatainirla Lutb.erar~ Churoh .n thi8 8:14.
ot the Iron (,,'urta1n (and. parup. 1rl 8C11l. taaion'1tClll8 of ths 20,000,000
Lut.berm8 behind it). Thie coyers a larp part of the 4n1 IUs.e. of ClUJ"
globe. (Ino1d.entallJr, • .,..F!Dl-ad ie nov a t~1al contri'rAltor to taB
00 bud.&et. tor it. iAternatioAal -..orlt.,>
.... ,:',;
orr,.
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tbet the. attaahed ru.t"'~l i . not all iD. apple pi. ord.,
e1ther as to ocu.poait.1011 ar tn>iq. ....... was a tir.t draft which I ha4
&10 t1.JRe to edit 01' ban retyped. tor ooi'ract.iOl1a.
w."
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I .ot WCC, JICWC and. IBa together in a . . .tini OR Trio.t••
HQ r.~....tati"'.. otlifCC aDd. lfCWO will be tOl.t.ber in 'frio.toe on a Yiait
nat. welt. They aaked. .e _eth.r it wae aato to proe••d nUl IIOJU &At.
(oa.1t.m.nta). I told ths I thoqtat. it fWlT eat. althoqb I ooul.4 JUJt,
otter t.he gu&r8llt. . yet that we ut.ual.l¥ Ud th. Jlo:Dq 1A bmd..
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#3840
�JDe Anzhi ve s
AR 45/64
#3840
�JDC Arcvhies
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<k:l~~~8·~"~~~~·~~~Ond ~he .'agencies aJ.i.e~dy fully comm1~t.ed bud~it·-·~' ' ' '.' .'.>.'
t
I:: .ithe.latter period of
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Until its term.11lalperiod. 00, paid ~.har4.'core":,
,:' :'::,' Sl'ants,. case by case for. certifiable cases to the ap:onsoring .1l~eJl~.
:.' ;'institution upc:m arrival in an 1m.~iuation count17 and, a proport~on
cases wwre resettled in the U.S. with, the' aid at numerOu.s.'611..;,u.'....'IIII
. ";:,:.:~&ild .uistitutions. All. such cases were certified' by mo staff .~~ "~~'1'he
......, grants. were a ~ere token at the financial obligations oftbe "\i;',.';J".1:1""""6 D.·;::
;.:, ',:agency respons;ble for 'lifetime care, rangtiag 'from $l.OOOtor.a.~.~~.·
>':;'doWn through different categories of handioap' to' $SOO'.f'or 'ari:'old '
-, r ca:se·. Toward the end of ita program ...men:mO. was phli!osinS out '
,. ',' .,,: ~~~eral?le. to imaintain the difficult case by c~se negotiati0ruJ r
'::," program: required, IRO. requested several principal agencies to .",,",....,'.'...,'n
:::-;·.'>.th1a work. granting lump sum settlements (see' below) for an e ,. . .
. (1:: number ot ca8e~. It could not be nscert~ined inadvance.'idrl.ch,ofihe.
·'·i!o~:how .many, . w6uld be placed in the U.S. but a certain propo~iqn:.ot·.
'. ···,:'tllGiD were' plao~d in the 'future charge ot agencies in tbatcountry:,
,': .'/. '~;or USNAjNCWC, I NLC and CWS).
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.:[' 5•. FQr·.the above special resettlement projects a+AAe.~ all in .ttle U.S .. "ana... :
':,' aU iii ,the ~ast lSimonthsof IROts existence"1.l:.J!,loo·wa8~xp8nd.d·:
'., .
,
. . "'mO'on' beh81f~of special groups of' hard-t~r8settl.· ~a8es .. (or . . '
..:·:oaees):·other than institutional':hard core. This aid'provtded'opportwd
•. ::. for.:at;·least.'2.000jphysically handicapped oases (probably6,OOO or more·:.·::
". ,~\ .:. '···.. :~~~ri8; including ~amily members otherwise 'blocked for resettlement):,
,'
.
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KalJituks, sOlD.~ .,thousands of other persODs having personal sponsors. in'
U.~.,)J.u.tlacking .~e· services of a resettlsnent agency overseas, .&:iid: ,
. . ..' pro'f~8sl'on~s.'eub8,quently·spon80red bytbe resettlement age~c1ei'" wneJL:"
.' ';,' ..... ':. their·;joint:·cOmm1tteehadhelped in the oanvass ot opport.unities ·tor<.w'~_ ..;
'; '.; .;' /,/lROfl!(}~ard' core gr~te, ,given througQ agencies.' are not 'Qoalt with·~.'cO\mt;rY:'(;,;'}
" :b7;..r~o~tn .'," (_ee, be.low)b\lt· a sUb8t~ritia1. part . of·' these' grants.· Wer'e
',j:;;..
rr~.':.ojt~:~~t. ot)sases Ifor~d.eh thoso' agencies .undertook litl9ti.-:;~/
from'
.: expense, in U.S. inat1tutions. Of' the. figures gi ven.Jar.;
.
':' support. provided by IRO. funds for the. agencies' tieldprogruui:;'
. ' " " '" ,.
Ie.., .. " ........ it' is safe to estimate that at least $1.000,000 W8S' in.'supp'ort·.of',: .
. 5 •. reaettlementprogram 1Ibich became the heaviest single f'a9toI,"'·1il' ..
"field
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Ctn4t:Yl,tt'·e!tl1~pEtd :to 'define the "baeic" "and·(the .
. . . ."._J.. . "according 't:o the
.
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ultiDiate per c~pita expenditures of' the
:the "assie" would probably have to be awarded to .the y-oluntarT
A&':lJllOi....".D."and the "~upplementa..ryfl to IRO· in. the narrow or: liter&l·m.eaning.
~::.But ... th'e~e agencies regarded .their activities as.' an'integral
•~
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.... ej8rY,:one c~lled "the IRO program" •. ' ~ ". .
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�JDe Archives
AR 45/64
#3840
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. :~~j:,;;~t~:~~:1; '·'··:'i::;the':;88enC:l.8,·(American JoInt Distributiori Commlttee:~'::i~eW1
:··';J>;::.~;t
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second ~arge&t ,resettlement program ~ to' 18ra.el~ refl~cts"~'1.........;1."'
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::'.cIW:t1i:ti j)1"9C8sa1ns and movement (shippip.g.'and :to: a:lar,." ~ent .,.u'..I.&I<~"::'
.';,.',".'~." :p~~ta~~,on to ~rt let embarkatIon).:; ,Fer .the:;moy~nt. ,:of' cl0.~ 't.o ,.1.."""'".'''''''
.
./\·~:'..iJ,,:::,;liI.lgrant8 !nthi. progrBDl IRQ .exp.nded,
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<:;:i't:l1;~i~;J/.)I::}~(:'~()i~~;CX?O, '~~~I~ was.8 reimbursement. or:ba&ic'...
, ' . . . . . .',;:, .
. ' t{~;~~l:I,:~{:;·!.i,,;..;~::,.:,;.;9#'~:1l10,~!3,behaU •.. IThe. Urftlli8Dlsnt waa'. an' adm1ni8tr8t~ve 'and ~op.er.a~ioD
·.v.;,·,,·,,\"«r,l,' ..
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reepect o. ..-atf nd'''-''
, ;)~~rf:~:'~:); ,,\;;'.~t:·/,~':.1.~!o;r~cL conslder&;ble ,field organizat~~n··.in some ·~ea;s where ...;raO· ... ' n.J1:J1I~·J~V;;"".'
.~~~:;~'<'::'::~':, :,:':y'?;; h.ar..'~;i~ :ina1ntain, ~xtensive .installa~lens for 'ot~er' ~eaeOn8 and. ,the) IJUi·l.J "'6
........
" l"'~;,::?;~ \.y:~~::.: .Wls,;ro.f!~:t~e lane•. f.orIRO' s chartered' fleet
The f inanc1a.l. tIgur.~: .r ... ...
i(;::;~:!~?-: "'~):;:, ~~~~~o~ud•• ~a, pBst facto reimbursement for .SOII.8 : BlOv_ent~· carr~~d:
'" ." .{t~:~:/:~> '. :. :,;,;he~.e>ag~ncIes, durtn8 the perIod. o£·ho8till~les .wh~n IRO lJl~vem.en~s ..
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(::l?':~':':, , 8 , ,The' .re1.mburaementetor this program were at, tirst made as paymen:t;s,
·:\i,~t~·.'.:.:·:: /., c . ' irid.1vidual verified cla1m8~ The accountIng and auditing boUf:, tor ':mo::' .
~':).f~~~/:.t.(SI/: .~~~/.·~&.ncl~a~~F(;V~ to b. a' 8ubstanti~1 ..adm1n1str\atlv. expeit~~,&nd': .
~t··
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.'~~C?!lBloDed great:delqln 'repQlDentlih. ' After,.a substantial 'D\DIlD.r".ot~
'., .;.'.: ..... ~entl:hiui::t;akenp~oe, hQwa,-er,i" prqvtd, teaeibie':to ·e81oabl1·ah··ti-O_
::Y,':' '/~.,:; gr,eatli" varyiilg co~t factors .applicable. to indi~c1ual,i:ia8e8,an' o~r,.
. ",.,. ··:,..:.Ji·',~apita·aver.&geti:.' SUbseqwmt.moveaenta .were the~etore .paId ,for·at:'a. per",Ii'CII~}I""~'
..'.'~J~ ,:{'::"ra~e':f()l'verifi8dAlovemt!'ntso Th88. rates lie~e ac1juat.d when :1mp'ortari,t ;,n,,'1:t\a:
:r:'·,'F:~;(: :.·changea for;,tranlportatlon affected the average. '... ",,' : ' . . :,. ,:.,).".;::"
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.. '9";;A.~e·~iel~.programs o~, ~hese agencies alao. P.artIc:1pated in
, 'a~ppoJ:1;··pi:ooYi:ded b:r IRO to all approved programs !it'the 8.Yeral·,·.~4.·,u&,,~jlc_
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. DC, .(:theHeb~ew Inmdgrant ~~d Soc~et1 andtQ: a'~ch :.Sui8iiei-',. .
. . . "other!asenoles ,tor indirld¥..&lbtigrat;onuiev.ents' Which'
.Y8lra'aut.'ld
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!.8~ehalt. 'Aturtner .~800,ooo ~pprqx1mate17'~as .8X]'~l'!t4~1~
and. JiIAS.... ~~r' e~ple i ~ .~or'
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':uacuted 'torlRO' ,',To .
...·'rnAu...
t '(and"
QQIlU'JJlfiQ:"o~:II;J'a·T.JLCDs.·"bierCl.rj
buU~.·.·:¥.: ."OtherWise' .
. t " ., 'Ich':ware'"
ect' an 0''0411''~a't1blw~""eicorlcil:f'~'lrOr
:unclue U"""-U"'Ll' .
·th~agenc1. Wb~Ch!, ..
1Itt\'U',,"'Ants trom .West~n· Europe~' 'frOm
8ucb: places aB, SOuth. ili1ca·and ......'........ ;
. IRO re~bur8.m.ents.,tor;th.se movements,
"04..1 .....'.1. cla.1as or .per capIta,.ratea that, wereiD
IRO
within the ratfii:i:ttuit wouid:.h&vQ:
mt\'IIr.mliant••. dh:ec;t17 II' ; '.
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�JDC Archives
AR 45/64
#3840
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of' its own. In.France,
'empie, some)OO,OOO "~'1~}1:i;"h:~t
""....,.-"....."..... under" the IROmandate 'Were not oOnCentra.ted il~ camps but..,.r":'1n~::~;t:.~:~~
:,:.:c!4)liIIilwi111~·l;'i!I'IS '~ill. qver the. oount.r7. A ·numberof voluntary agtmc~elJ:'.llot&bl1~1i'i~~f~~;;"
I.J\Jt'p,~"eh ... ~~~ lot International.Social Servicewh1ch :had: local ,or regt'~u":
;.v.a.;.~..t.\I~~l!' ~hrou8bo~t the country., staffed by ,competent caseworkers,: util1z~d~t,'.' ":;:;::"
.oare and' m.alnten&llcefunda (a budget fu,' trom'.equal to all .::;;';.'"'j;',,
.IIUClD,L ....... a··
.. ' ~ga1n8~ it) to assiet: tbe II\Ostfl8et:o- individUalc8s8s, ·&.nd.:~~t::·;:.
tb~'a18o all p08.ible help. troll .souroes, other ·than lao, ,.i;:S~~;}~;\!i;r,·
...................:.,;,.~
............n
public assistanoe.' Int." instances was lRQ able: to otfer ':/?
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;
aupportin return tor~su~l1;servi.ces .andtheae countri~'8, ~~~:i
08r:naD3'.: .Aust.ria and Ital,.) .'kereoutddG the areas where IRO .:":,' .'. ';:~N
.,;IJUPpo;1. was' provided: to cOQPer8:~rig;agenci.8 •. IRO's Own·budg.~t~i)·;j~;
'sut'tioi:ent to " : ' ',.'
aian.aU·these. .areasproperlT, nor to " provide-.' ad:-:~J;:\:~-j:\'}';>i;
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OOtllDlltnSat1on to' the agencies executing its program.' Su'cP···}/:">t~
;~:;c_~M.lPenljat,~o:nf~
r~lU!I!Ititnl"li.~.'Y',. bu1;. .when:. g~ 'len.: ·(f~,. extra.- statf, travel· ~~<'~~.;,' -':
waa-usua.llJ'\at the'poat whore theagenc7,'s.own 'B:dmi¢'~r
'
Uhau:st.e4 and it COUld rio longer cOntinue the'. servicfi:~iW~
v1tllc)ut~/.~IU!fJiill1d"i·· . S8vertAr~ioari,Hencies served' a8the.,lRO represent~~~~> '
for~pl••.. ,.The7.p'ertorJlled all IRO tunotions; :)iuOj.e.ct;M
to .~11Sibilit>,: o(·.retUgees,and
to F~gram:an.t.!(~~i'~I~{
W"'J,'....... a.,·.....~ .. period these ,agencie' .carried on withou.t.·~D10I\:t;r::~:':;;'~:
__·_·,.. ,,·..::c~-·
. but the1r .-IRO.prOP..8'W.tl·~ 8ubaequentl¥ budgeted;' sU~~;'.:.if?~r~·
;~Vjl8.C!~:Jm:d{:,clmt.*"o.lltt4·· .. 1n all 'respects' 11kean mo· mssion. tmt IRO' 8 reliet':;;{::~;'·:' .
':a:J)emUta. :thro~. these a&enc1es. vas sub8tantial. .
)94~/so,::~:.:';<Ci
·.,,·..~..'."'·"'-'v,'.c..'..'
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OO's behalf, for .e.xaIIlp1e, .. $2,806,213 in· cash· a8sis1:.arice~,:0·:
.~:i-··t'r;o'·',re-r\1jlet.8 1n: .
Franc••. Netherland8, ,:,Sp$, Portugal and' Luxembourg~;!'.~,Ji:
~"",..,;:!:...... ~,u;u 'appears in.theest1m.atef,l tor ltl'e1mbUrsements for basic ·aervic•• If,~<~'
}'hian,ci4 tran.ae~ionll)"lth volu"tary agencies.. . '
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\p1.fi!:D6It,UlI1SD.~· 1'8spqni1\lWty tarllWlT IROsPecU.a11zed programs.·· Dur
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~8 .th;1s praotice "ase.xptm<ie!i to
.
UAllf;.I..QII..t.:... ,~~/<_,.... ··IRO, operation, wit.h"ll1niaua ,1088 to .the conatantiy..
r... i"''ran.
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"principal,&.u-opean field
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maximum .gain
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v.jlJ.ll~U;'lVU or cut adl,"i!t ,t'r.om:t~81r,\':tamilies, sorue of these' .
. in cC?ricBIltration camps .,or· in'.. forced labour train -the
not treat them aa.l,~hlldreri.· Indeed, it was' ,
,th~t ;learned that." th~';'io~th' cents!:" .'Was ~a good place".:·
:~P.,:toi;~V8J . it.. a.;).fi~'/:H\l,ildrodlJ of'teen';'age youth' wer'e~;t
~jJl'lal)1l.1tiatilrKll~an:<l·::::re8ett.led··orreUnite(t!tdth"their families as a 'result
.
..-WOrk: (;t~thQ.agena~e.·:;·in theee centers. ~ The ·"·c8r'lt'eral~~:'}'i·'
, C'R >:'1 ~".;.q';. ~~ii:;'~iJz.i~ :.: .n. '(J, 1.~7'.·~L~_ .'''. - () .r~_ildl {; ~ ;:jjk'. .
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AR
45/64
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In Italy, the World ORTUniOn ~: . :;'; .. '"
; 'execut~d lliO t s ent,ire vocational training program. for an extended period:~l'.'~
. Iri 'G8l-man7 and Aus'tria ORT hanned most otth1s work tor. Jewish re1'Ug.ei.'::~":';::::"i:.
It. operated. certup. vocational rehabiUtation prcijects for phy8icall.7.~~~~'t;,,:<' .
capped :persons and post-TB cases. In themBritish, Zone ,ot Gel"flUlny ORT.~lSO:;:
:
did mo' 8 trade testing for resettling D;F's requiring trade certificates:t .
resettiement ,selectionso For these special basic 'serviceeto IIiQ, beiO~.;~gi
t!:ie·:.supplementarr ~rain1ng programs' offered by ,thisspeciillzed ag8nC7')J:~iJ.
ORT·receiveQ,,:grants amount1n& to $;;.3,;69~· .. ' ' .
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. cases where ,legal ~nd other entanglements were obl!Jt~clea. to re8etrl~en~~'il~;,;:";~:~~:
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, International 800181 Service received some $55,000 'from IRO. . Som,?,~nC?u.and~·::;;;;JB:·
.
.,..... ot','pt)rsons were helped by this int.naive w9I"k on their cases.· They were,:.;:.t.\;""··· "
:,.' ;~:' . :' . '. 8ub.sequently resettled under IRQ or agenCT~epon80red. scheme.,.. ~or it'ne~8a:;l;:;;
.;:"~::'~~t .'.::.~'.' saryaocally settled, in their country· of residence •. In much of tlrl;.8WOrk~:~;
:' "':. :~!':' - I,s~~ !l~.~f:. :we.re a8s~8ting the personnel of IRO or of ojober.· agen9~~' •.::~::·,fhe .~~
·eventual solution of the case was in most instances a combined'et1'ort·:'and'\l;.
'; on:e:~Cannot~. 881', 'fo~ example, that a stated number' of' cases wer8>\rei~ettie'
. " ' eXC:~~~lv*:,l.Y by the~e. efforts of 188. Tawar(~< the close 01'. mO~,qp.r...~~~u·6.
ISS'::".took over the records of: thoueaads of unfin1ehed cases' where i'further:
..' '.'...'a~t:top" was pending~ notablJ in the British ,Zone of Germany"
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. :' and ':agreed ~o. puraueaction or refer thef. caS88 to otber quarters. ,:.In·
'. ..,'; U· ',of:Germany ISS took over trOll mo. ~ cases of
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....._.__,_.~ .~i~ld ~rogram ~o' which a&8~c1,,8):.c·antribu.t.4,1
mA·t;,n"i ,.,]; supplies or equiJJll8nt. Man7 such; COli'll''r1.DU'U()nS
.W 'grant~ for the mo bUdget Jalon•. val ,never
'. and services in the·fieldthat ;.were': fea '
~QIIIU.uJiUQ.' f1eld<.·
o~s.:. F1n~U1,' ~I s.p~~.r:,:19S1,'mO .T.n",...."""ft.r."",
'·res
,
;agencies the:,
for.
,
ahed .cases';iJi:lndiv1dual '
~\"HI.'.LI"III.LDI['"'"
GjJ.LI.U,J ;,~C.~""'.I.ullL1.uJlJC: operat~on.: t.o', its., ~emit.UQ.D,g .
aUIo.u.W,J.OI:UU•. burden ....ssumed at· a
.the'; agenci'es alfi,>CM,l'''''''''.VI1G4
!
',formed: ~t IRO'·•. 1Dstigatlon in'; , '.
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... ';of"'IRO's princi~ ':field operatiOn.... kof,/~.,~q/ •.. l.·~:.f /.,;~!~':4:-;
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and' Itl!lY several of.the,pr1D.cipal
u~Bn(:1.8' ~:I.\.L,j~t·I\','GU ,their national counterparts,; 1n.:t~e_ combined.'
tl:ement 01', 8Ome; 2O() ,OOO,:~~.tlidUal. refugeEu;.·' .
2r\ttfelrJr.·r~e8~1at.t,~81lllerlt aidtCJ'; t~ose' for wbo.·;9Pportunitiescauld .
~Cilin~·:IC6riltl1riu1:ng:·~ogt~(f~0Dl. JUJ.y-l·195.q::.:was ofneo8ssitl ", iII.t1inn.'"
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. .' . " , :npip"+fne" !':: How' e:&t:~i10f~~,~ 7,,'·suoo.sa1ul:: -,'·,.....;;.1'.h.iII'3:~
8sidual n,. pro~aras·,~of the:' agen ci.af'rQIli'·i:. .
ythe·.stand. 'Point;,'t'Jr:'!l"AIUri~+':
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�JDe Archives
AR 45/64·
#3840
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'\i~~~~~~e'8ted
a~'
bT tHe thousands' of refugees previously' classified
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who"~eappeared in ,the IRO "pipeline", thanks, to the painstaking case': by ': '
attack on their problems bT the,. international and ,local agencies.: .
.good part of 1951 tully 25% of the IROresettlement caseload in SODle::
principal di~trict:8 of Germ&nTwae drawn tra:m refugees wbom. IRO .had,
been .forced to classify as hpotentially'· residual" . and tranefer·:to' thv.. '....U ..IG.I.,~
econOmy in J~e ·1950. These combinedprogr'atils ccintinueaotivel¥ to:
both for local set'tlement and for resettlement with' subetcu'"".I.o.r.
from.' private' funds and some assistance f~nished by other'
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16. ,Other ails'cial projects includ.eda ~gr8at: v¢etY·of.volttntar," nI".''''1''Am
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.. contribut.ing directly to the rehabilitation' arld.. resettlemento!IRO . . .. '
. Th.oui~d8 of refuge~. childrenparticlpated/1Il,.urrtOtercalnps· :op~r~t~),:
'!MCA/YWCA, AJDC~' other agencies.!! Their c(IIlblilad' gains iilweight "'.\""'.......&.~~
a 'good many toni and this was perhaps. the least of the benefite to. these'
chilctre~who often; had known' no ,home other than a sm~l ·oul:)icle'. '. "
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a.blanket 'in Ii D~ ~arracks.Ag8nc~ee hel~ed:IRO.to.;.care.·for the;.:agecf
chronic sick and provided welfare programs; amenit.ies, occupati
.1':ru;,,...·n'\P.
'.. and 8U:pplementar,. rehabilitation. servioes, tn. hospitals and ,inlJti~.n'""",u!l'~':';'J';;::'<;;~",,,;
. Grartts totalling $29,487 to a nUmber of siuil res.t.tl.ent :project8
.. special teams of vblunteer workers (givingtemporarY·serviee 1h~ the.L.LOlL.LI...·
;wit;hout' malar)") tOI aelectand document' hard-to~resettl.aa8~PI.for
, dossiers and.'placementsrequired tor their. resettlement>; cOT6r.d.'·_Iw..L~'~
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';;: pr~ject '.'; of one.agene;, to reBet Us' several' inindred ", perBori~:: "1ncrucli...,....·.. 'r .......
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. of,mixed marriage, I unmarried. mothers and other•.handiaapped
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and assisted small projects for hard-te-resettle"cases fn "'all8.elll:
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17 it): .Aaency vocati~nal training program. in "Franoe,· Bel,pDaiiDd.·.. lIetib$ll'"la:
::.. ',: ......... were·,:·a.sllisted by grant. Ulounting·to. #8S,878.1n 1949/S0. 1 ·;·:kDlCA.c·c~nn~
,', ,:,"::~.
"'pro~am'1n the mining areas of Be.lgium·r~c·e1Ted·'2700 to!'ai,d' .."J~pgn;
'::i~:V ::/~.:,.,.. '·.Work·;:~oi1& th. DP .iners :recrUited fOl>that::,~oontr.v,: ~.,',".. .
'C'i:;;~:~.:",,::'!:',,\~;c . redu,~.~:the ranks otret1.irn••a.t<r
·Fr.no~·'Tolw.atartal~'....... :_,..........
'l':;'/U<}'(::<;(~' 'lJlln,tn 1949/S0 for reh~bUj,t.atloD. 8~rv1c ...;..~p·handi~apped·""'."".:·\U,.ta.·:,,;~:
. , :';~~~~;";~;;~E"::;;;l~~:jfA\~:~~rla'~he !-MCA/iWCAwaa provid~ e~,~nt.la+;·:.t~#'i"·8erVice8'j· •. ''nl''o~rj;
. '.. !,\:;.;,:t' <;"'{~"';;';'~(;;;'!·i>~\liip~e .. ..~o~ . an .IR9 .rehabilitation center,:,·a1da(;i.:: bJ. ~ an ,. ~O gr&B~';,
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,:t::./~??;~:~1~~'>,~ <i:., ....;. ~''': them" ~ sUpp~8!Ilenta17~prog:ram8.!:: : '.
·.~~<t;f·(~~~~:'i~~.:~~~:;r,~ched th~ point of budget:
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grant .tra: . '. U" ... lloI.llIi
.' ,"'.': sutfered' 8eireJ"~1T without them. By -this. tiiae .
,', an~.'·~ore "basic" ~ .the. IR~ vocabulary.
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AR 45/64
#3840
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'J/l(P:.'persons requiring remedial treatment':or' special care plus fami17~.A:~'~
m.embers l'A:!re, provided for, as to re"ettlement and future" care with t~e :~~;"
, , 'of,;theee' gants; h. total of possibl1 20,000 persons, or more incllldinS",fsa ,
m_berswho8.j're8~ttlElZlent Was blocked without provision for: the ha:ndioappe
fa.m1ly member.
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" 20. 'It should bei noted' that most of the grantamak~g,'up this total ;.o~!'.~~:
$4,99:1,,092 were m~de in the last year ,ofIRO operations. They dor,tot:,1ri~l~,
:",r.
the 'case' grantapud by IRO for numerous persons 'placed through 'arr&Dgem.l1In~'8
wit~::'government8, although the inetitutionsllere" in many in8tan~e~~ ~:opel\af',
'.'.::..
, by'voluntarY, societies. Nor do they include all, ;1.ndividual perllo,~8"plac~d~
, one ,bY, one with,' V9luntar.yin8titutions where.individual claim. ,fo~,:gran~~~;<..., ' ' ,
, ,mad~ upon ~rivallof a certified case in the, resettlement country. : ,Tbe,:gr.~.i..("
'.~~~n8 up the pre~ent total were mainli for, group projects forwhi~h:,anl~
J;~;lf
&Seney assumed final responsibility. The
tier physica.ll7.:'hSlldioa ed,\:~
case~' resettled in the U.S~ (mentioned under the U,.S. pJ"ogram above)':aDd, ,
'
, ....... casearequ1ring institutional care were ,placed well beforeIRO "" '
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";':; end8d.~, But'}others among theae projects reflected ,IRQts, transfer ot res"::'"
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<,."," "ponsi'blliti';:ift<i951 tor the future resettlement ot specitied DUmber's,
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,:/'i~.: ,,' t'; ,> ~~4~~g'lnLrd;coIie cases, to several ottha princ1palagencie8' A.l.....!iJUilvV
, ;Iit:;'i',ilh'~~:;:;'~;::", ,e~i:tt~d:~eep17' ~o the same objeotive. These transters occurre'd,'a,t
"i::'~~(f;';f-4~:t:,1:;(,:~~>ldtelrmO~rQ~ld ,~o ilonger c;:ontinue the case by oaS8 resettl~ezrt.,,;'
.[~ft::~::'{':~~:,\f~? 'i~lf~dpr'evloUSl1 :maint.ained tor its hard care ,pro~am, land'lt' ,,' D'~8(':811.
, !~:;;,~y,::"':\J',f~~?Y'::'~f,e8t ,'that 80m~ ot these cases could not be disposed'lor, bet~;t"e· the'
":~,~1.~~;,~:'1;" ";:~:lf,IR(t:,~,p,erations. Among 80me religiouBo~ ethnic groups ~ubstantial':;nllDbfllr •
. ";)~Lit'I~:!r!t~
:,!,Wer~fprovided, for,] even i f not· always in a completely satisfactol7:,lUJlUlelr't'1
,jr::~li~;}l;'{~., ~~j.,'::b1:;ipl~o,em.ent ,ln i~8titutions in ,the 1e>4al econOlDT where :they ware.;,
','h;:,~\t'f;;;':~:';:~,,~~,<:~ ()t!,ie~:igr0'fPS. thera! was no permanent 801utic:m of this 'kind and"the ,l'aID.L\:IlUA,
':>~,:"'~:?'r ";:~~7:rf'f~~,s,ib:llit7 fori ,removal to other asylum was thus greater.
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"::,', ,: :':' 21""',>':T1:v,;se hard clore projeots 'include~, a "lobal, settlem~nt 'withAJOC:,
" ' ",' ','.' aU':r8lllaining Jewish hard core Cases (estimated at 4,~) .in ~ IRO ,
""", ' "',.'0£ operation, inc;Luding China, With a'gr·~t of.3,OOO,OOOo
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':: : aattlement for several hundred hard cora and rehabilitation
::,;",h~8h:~proportion,of! 18ls, wa. made with ,the American Nationlll
tee."
;,:;':",~",:",Ai~;!Hom.e;J,.e ••':ArIleDian8,for $250,000. ' ,This, dispoI"dofall ~rdng, .L:;'
':Atii8n1an ;caaesof t.m08 a nu.ber would be, plaoed,.'iD the Lebanon.. -: "Icwe '"
~:c~iv8d.};'353,600, I W'$1l5~aQ(i and wce $350iOOOwith the',object:~,'~t': .
~f~~j,~OO to 1,600\ c8e6etrom ~rmany, AU8~~ 8nd:ItaJ.7:'Wh.re'.th~·
{,,:~~n.'~~~,s:an4, theiri counterparts were ,al8Q,~88i8~lng' w:1.th.,local'set~.IJI,,D,'''fIll''I''
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'~'anat:care." 'WCCreceived $357,000 of which,an"appropriate:part"~s"t
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, '~::t,"';;,;:,:~' m:r~';:;1:aS8e, toasslst When the ageno)r accepted ,tii~:entire
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'! :/::' ~t '·~;-.::,:;,";'~~;l'.IitO! 8::': em8.l1 residual group 1n~e philippines". '!lii s graht, ·~OTer.d. Ln.·....
1 ':'::',i-.':ti:i\::1t·~~::~~hard core ,.grant.s for these remaining :100 :01".. 80' caees which;, .":&....,+J:lp...u~<;r
" ":"~ ""'?;a~thorit~es, ret~se~ to allow to remain: even at ..:~out.ide eXpe~8eJ' c~,.
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'. ,":':, :,:,'m~tenance'iJl J,he:Philippines pending ,their.,i·eiAov81J a:ndtbe,:.estlmat~.~{;t,:+{'::r·~;
;~,<' costaf'of 'movement to countries' of tinal asylum (midn1,.' in Europe)." ;'Happi4i;: "::':,;
, :::',:" " '
; WCc,: ,i8 no,~, '~Owp,;:to Iits last handfUl.' in this' moat '. 41tticult, of liquld,.at,iOn :(,..; <'..:)~,
i:'r" ' ' , " program., ..:',; but' has already had its SlIl8.l.1 camp, on Samar, destroyed t.hrfit8:times';," ',~;:',
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�JDe Archfu.v.e s
AR 45/64'
#3840
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'" bes'een 'from the table, the support from IRQ funds diminished aubst8ntial1¥':'tr;;;t~'
in the last two yearso The somewhat higher figures in the DK budgetiD ::;.'~f'.:.~'·~~:
., this latter period are 'accounted for by substantial subsidies (through· th'e~ .::;i;";:f,<
principal international agencies) to the national. German agencies ,which bor(~~'$!';"
t~e:chief burdens lo! the programs to aid residual groups following J~e·'.l95~~~~>
Each·. of them provided, several hundred caseworkers and other staff eapeeia.++T,,),;,:~>l .
ass!gnedto this progrwn and made a notable contribution to the 8ubsequentA"f'
resettlem.entaa weil as the local integration, of residual DPs,
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23.( .:'IRO had'almo~t 1,500 volWit&ry' agency ~r80nnGl ofticiall.7 'attaclle'ci"to " .
" its :field organization for special facilities in. these areas when PCIRO ' . ,
,: operations, cominenqed. They operated some 800 vshicles. On the term1nati '
. ':', :' date·:of 31:Januari 1952 there were 283 attached personnel ,and 447.vehicles
. •.
. (.IIlal'lT:,·.operated b)",i"unattached" local employees). The status and spec
facUities for the attached personnel- (and also vehicles, installationS:
, ", of voluntary agen~ies depended upon their attachment to,mo.. Toa "'..,"'....".,..,..
,">,. ' ot these field workers IRO provided total or partial SUbsistence allowan
,:
.~.: (the coat ot daili subsistence only). The agencies emplc;yed JIl8lO" field'
, Who, served, a8 volunteers without salary or at verT Dominal rates' of . pai~
Some . non-American iagencies also lacked· the necessary currencies to 0'·'DAJ..at~a\,;:~~'
inU~S.,occupied ~eas where their services 'were· urgentl;y needed~.,::'For
receiving le8S thin IRO compensation to ,the lowest grades of',itsowri ' .
,employees SUbsistence allowances were provided if their: assignments ~
. ·for'·):RO-supported !activitieso A sliding scale 9f partf41 ,SUbSistence
p~~Vfdedtor afur;ther snall range above thieminimum fig~~i ~~cor~g
, ; co,st. factors,whic~ varied from area to' area 'and frOll ,..ear;toy.ar. ' . .
tpis;,level, persons receiving adequate salaries tor maintenance',
n0i.:s~bsidi,' Thus,1 in Dec8lllber 1950 IRQ had :'65Q at1;ached
~f."~~~' ~3~ were ~upported. In December 19~1,' 420 were :atta,Cb,;of:,
,,~onl:t~4l3l',were supported.
Similar17, vehicles, withiD approved :limit .•
.a.1J
'PQL.';,rations or ~olfances and running repaira. In'December 1951', ot.
.·,veh·f~le~'::attached,! 315 were supported. In SOlUe. ~eas ,(Austria) some
, . wa~ :'11 ven in rent':! of office accommodation'
pbjeical ;1imtallationa
;.'::,,' ceft,a1n:amount of :dut,.. travel within the areasw~s alao ;'provided, tor",
{Y,: (:::.;t:;/;:+~Clal.-.::( Unattached)! staff received' sal&r)" or.:suD8istence':allowances ... JJ.,l.ue;,',
:':! \{~" /:~~2: >approved,'limits fr,om the DM occupationalbUc1gat in GeJ."ll\4ny• LittIe
,,' ..:, ;~~,;,.:,';:,: ,anee" could be givep. for, local ataff in the 'other' areas and these' were
'"' ~. provided fol" from ~he agencies' private budgets,'
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. •. (~~~et17,·,to ,:I8raeli) 'Which took p;tace mainlT in tJie two middle years' ' ,
. :, b~~,,~een,:'frOill',the' s~ry table that IRQ 8xpenditUres~ onbehal~ of,: .'
. tl:ir~ugh ~vol¥ritary ~gencies, was. concentrated substantially. in thef!nal
\,' ,
',~il(:was'
time of drastic and successive reductions in the
.'and. ~,~e~d 'frganiz~tion •. This process: was not infrequentl;y,.u.Aj!nJ',,-,,\I
......·'···.,..ri......f 'out:,man;r field,:1services to agencies ~ e8peciall~ it' theuge .
ti~'I.I.~;&U.:.lo'
I or the'type of skUl required was geographicall"~"'A'" 'T••
of IRQ· staffj, or functi rJl1al17: no , .1.0,'111';e.t:';l',.""
of IRp supervisingspecialista..· This period saw,·
sion *-' . . U.S. DP, Act .
and . the' expansion . of,
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AR45/64
# 3840
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pr(?&rem ,could by, no )18US:":",,
, :~: ':;:>l1:~f~t<ji~u~,::tto.~a1,p,;,pulatioD needs", ~or, ~o~d. :all, ,the': .sso~a~~~:': ~i', , '
~~,p4(~4t'\~f-.:0~P~lIt,~+iI,till,:tlt1,. gap., Hovever';:'i,~P.~t:: i!- the 8p.t11~/,',:·"::'",,
ABss:truU.a;;dttscrib8din :thi. paper the 1lan7~8ic!iI4 .. programs' ot these,· .,.
'8.mO~'e8~~~ttat:~,..ere: &en,eral.lT,~e8oribed,a8·"s~ppl.ementarytrl"aliJ '
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"per'8§ilal'~~.~ce8,"'."r.li.t'i,program.ft', 'ltcommtUdt7",ae~iv1,t.i.Ii">or., . '
:,'o'1;.ller~:'nOiJiIF.~4('plUIR. ~'w8r8" ill~th. main an: att._ptto,liU' this gap,.....,.',,'' ' .....'' ·
?t~;-~i.;tJ~[i;;:()V~~8ltne1r)._r~so~c~s:!·~ _,the, constant emergency:calli!(, vouldl Permit.,.· . '.
!~;::-\:(:!+r'H~;;~;::;V'OruDt8.r:r~':prct8eMe +n the field (a visible' 'evidence of' pr:tvate in! ·
!.~:"'~" 'I ~;':c".'~\;1'and~'conc.rn). had an : immense effect on the morale of the refugees .. 'and ' .
i~»:~~f4~~~~l·~J.th~Z:#8ipl~ "nee~6c~ntrOJlting thEm in the field lJl'.turn ted .thefirelJ,'i: ..
.
· E;:i.:.~j~:!~~~\':~;vhic~~·8tirredhelp1Dg grOUp8 into action e18ewhere. This kept, .
,'t:.:r' ,'ji/ ,>:,~\:.~ater~I+".aidrlow?-ng into the camps and thousands or resettlers· fl:~g"
::,.:"",\:,~,:,td,,,,to 'their '118"'17 found sponsors OTerseal.
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�JDC Archives
AR 45/64
. #3840
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,
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LCGlSlIcl.L
- ~:.iTJPPC't:rr
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t
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,:~l
: 194.7/48
:;~:;l:
'~ ,",;,
.'
S?ECIAL.
f'R"':JWTS
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.
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/-:),:.t!'*I=
1,OOO.~
%
,
RiU~Jltjl~iJ.fim·
~!\;a .Hi~lC
l{A."W catK
IHf;;
~
h021 ,509
1,720,635
'84.,062
14.0;8,602'
194~/so
794,755
1,892,857
420,637
652,119
2,619,047
2,.511,271
1,942,3,6
CCM:U7 r'T?:Sa
_
....
~
p
.
.
3.'33,1)5
-
(
16,:;£:4,068
200,000
4,)9'1.092
,
l'CTJ.L·
GJlf,Ji.o
1:-(;,4:.,U..
S;'~R';rCE
4,74'J,299
SO-,;D~c.51
:s.f.:FOG!';~
972,~
,1, 720.635
1948/49
'Jul3
f.,
3.128.54¢
100,000
1'2,815.925
~------------~---------.----------~
3.468,383
7,:J5~,!74
3,115,970
21,l13.d'!il
A , ~¥.11.092
r
41,6,2,476
Ji:lO,OOO
.~~~==~~~~==~=~~==~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~======~-~~~"'~~=~'~------.
~
":
'N(;T:e:5
__ , ..::Tbe,;t1gU~8 for .the 18
lIlCJit~.s
period
J~
1919 - ~~er 1~51
1nclu(tecert4:1nitttt'ls
:f.~t~~h ·cctua]. pay.Mn~ :~~~~£~:~ ~ :~~:~~:.~~".
""~~~=:t1:;t:~~:~;:...;'~'!;''''':~£.!~! ori nlO.. rur.a..; .'r!W> aoal$tcwc O~'~~i}'~~"!';~Ucru>lJi¥get~n~~> . . . ,~~~~&;,,;:~~,~~~::
i/,zDelayed allotmentS from Bl()CkedD.M>·.Account~ 'firial payments msorroprojects":~~~~'irnbur~ement8~'SQ~ ;:19gi~t[O~$~'!upport ~beY'&i~:.'Jr~~1ri1i~~2~J;:"
�UREAKU(AlJN 'OF Utl.AtlTS, PAr~T:; AND
LOGISTICAL SUPPORT GIVEN Oft MADE'
AVAILABLE TO VOLUNTARY, AGENCIES .BY
...'.
IRO
., ....
"~i
FISCAL YEAR 1947/46
'I
!".
.
"
,
. '. "
~
, '~
"
~,
,'.-
LOGISTICAL SUPPORT
1.
Dollar Budget - German, Austria, Ital.Jr
01,000,000.
2. Deutschmark Budget - Germany
1,720,63;
SPECIAL PhOJECTS
Nil
tl.EIHBUHSENENT 01" BASIC
972,500
IRa PROGlWlS
Movements
AJDe fudl vidual Hovements
HIAS
"
"
.....
;,
772,500
I,
200,000
'972,500
HARD COllE GRANTS
,-\
,'
Nil
......,
TOTAL
"
J
$3,693,1);
.,.
.
,
> "
'
...
"f<
••••,.
,':'
:,'
,'.'
::j,
, \I
,
,
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, t. ,J
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"
'.'
:t,
,
I
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~
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, ,-
',",'
... .- ..w·-···-....
';'t'
:,;.'
"
f
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.
, .;
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. :: ..
,,.
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. ",
:-,'
';
""'-;
··'t . ..
I
.
�JDc'::Arthlves
AR .
.
45/6~
#3840
TABLE III
BREAKOOWN OF GRANTS, PAYMENTS AND
LOOIS'fICAL SUPPORT GIV.EN OR MADE
AVAILABLE TO .VOLUNTARY AGENCIES HI
:raO
l
,.>
f,ISC4LIEAR 12481*9
LOGISTICAL SUPPORT
1.
2.
' $1,021,509
1,720,635
Dollar Budget - GermaJ\V', Austria, ItalY'
Deutschmark Budget, GermanT
SPECIAL PROJ ECTS
"
",
3~
184,062
Austria
ORT Language and ioc. Training $30,000
I
4.
ORT. AJ
~ DC Rehab.
&.
Voc I Training 154,062
184,062
REIMBURS&lENT OF BASIC
mo PROGRAMS
5.
'6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
",
11.
12.
13.
14.
,
. 15.
16.
"
"
.'~
'."'
"
" '.
'.;
.(
Movements
AJDC Individual Movements
'AJDC/JAFP (Israel)
HIAS Individual Movements
14,058,662
&1,402,963
9,000,000
518aCY77
10,921,040
Vocational Trlinigg (local agencies)
Belgium
6,943
' France
113,257
Netherlands
3,643
123,84?
Cash Relie! (C amd M)to
Relggeee ~throuih 10cl1 l8encies)
Belgium
431,289
France
2,299,330
Netherlands
22,339
Portugal
97,863
Spain .
153,956
Luxembourg
9.002
3,013,779
!
HARD CORE GRANT§
........
.
:
Nil
,<,
116,984,868
~
,
.', '~',
"
:
'f
l
-.
\
..
"'I""
: .,'
.
"
..
.
.
: ,.'
,
~. ! '
;
)
.
',:
"
'
,:",
.;
.
'
"
,
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.
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,I,
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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2954 folders
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Title
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Restitution Law--France [4]
Creator
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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956181-restitution-law-france-4
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/af725163af05d029fc64b461dbb26c32.pdf
c192472a8d944f1b5979f470aff612ef
PDF Text
Text
,:'.
c.
;'
I',.
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.
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~.,JG
'HE AMERICAN '-'EWISH COMMITTEE
date
to
from
subject
December 8, 1967
Jerry Goodman
Sandy Bolz
National Conference for Equality Under
Claims Legislation--Proposed Letters to Senators
Re your slip note of November 30 asking if I have any reactions to Paul
Neuberger's letter to you of November 27 enclosing proposed letter to
be sent to Senator Long and others:
(1) I think the effort should be made--and that we should join in i~-
the effort of the State Department and Congressman Kelly should be
opposed, in order to establish the principle of broader eligibility
as being something more than a single exception.
(2) The probability is that the State Department cannot be persuaded
on this--but if the Conference wants to try everything, I would
suggest that a delegation come down to Washington to see Leonard
Meeker, the Legal Adviser of the Department, who is a very decent
and humane man, with whom Ted Tannenwald and I have dealt success
fully regarding the discrimination of Arab countries in travel of
American Jews. If anyone in the Department could be persuaded on
this situation, I think he might. But in view of Sy Rubin's long
connection and expertise on claims matters, you may want to check
this approach out with him first.
But apart from such an approach to the Department, the idea of a letter
to the Senators is sound. I do think, however, that Neuberger's proposed
letter could be improved upon. For example, on the first page I think
there should be a clearer indication of just what H.R. 9063 provides and
how it would assist the individuals and organizations of the Conference.
This, I think, is essential to attract the Senators' interest, because
of the votes of the ethnic groups involved, and it is not at all clear
in this letter. I also note that the first full paragraph at the top of
page 3 is grammatically poor and extremely unclear--and should probably
be broken into two sentences--the difficulty is that Neuberger is probably
more expert in another language than in English, i.e., the sentence should
appeal to the Senator not to permit an Act of Congress to be voided by
. turning over the balance, etc. Verstehst?
-
That's all--in haste.
SHB/nmg
Best regards.
�l~I'V,
t\ f
k
~
••••
;.
YIVO Am Jwsh Cmtee
oVational eonference for {qualibJ 'Under elaims .£elJislation
16 West 46th Street
•
New York. N. Y. 10036
•
JU 6-4146
(FAD 1) 347.7.1
Box 143
File 8.
November 27, 1967
MEMBERS'
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF
FORMER AUSTRIAN JURISTS
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF
JEWS FROM CENTRAL EUROPE
AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE
AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS
AMERICAN YUGOSLAV
Mr.
c/o
165
New
Jerry Goodman,
American Jewish Committee,
East 56th Street,
York City.
CLAIMS COMMITTEE
ASSOCIATION OF
CZECHOSLOVAK JEWS
ASSOCIATION OF FORMER
COMBATTANTS OF
DRAZA MIHAILOVIC
ASSOCIATION OF FORMER
EUROPEAN JURISTS
ASSOCIATION OF YUGOSLAV JEWS
BULGARIAN CLAIMS COMMITTEE
CLUB OF POLISH JEWS
CONFERENCE OF AMERICANS
OF CENTRAL EASTERN
EUROPEAN DESCENT
COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF
NAZI VICTIMS ORGANIZATIONS
WORLD FEDERATION OF
HUNGARIAN JEWS
• in formotlon
Dear Friend:
Our Conference did not have an opportunity to act during
these past 6 months, except that on August 9, 1967 I ap
peared before the House Foreign Affairs Committee in the
matter of Omnibus Bill H.R. 9063, v~here I pleaded that
the Administration Bill relnain unchanged and the provi
sion regarding the distribution of the Italian Claims
Fund be not deleted, as reco~~ended by the Subcommittee
during the last Session.
We hoped that the Bill would go through unchanged, but
the Subcommittee under the chairmanship of Congresswoman
Edna F. Kelly, again succeeded to delete this provision
and to bring the Bill to the Floor of the House under the
"Suspense Rule". Despite opposition of some Congressmen
the Bill was accepted with nhe deletion recommended by
the Subcommittee.
This Bill is now going to the Senate, and I should like
to send letters in the name of the National Conference
to Senators Ja W. Fulbright, Jacob K. Javits, Russell B.
Long, C~ifford Case, etc.
Enclosed herewith is one such letter, and since I do not
believe that a meeting for a discussion of this matter is
necessary, I should like to receive your approval as soon
as possible, so that I may sign and mail the letter.
I consider it important that this last opportunity does
not go by without an attempt on our part to defeat the
action of the State Department in trying to erase the pro
visions of the earlier Act of Congress granting some ex
tension of eligibility.
AV'laiting to hear from you promptly, I remain vlith best
regards,
(' Ii./)
I...IAK/}J.'
$;pvIJI.-/
~~
�YIVO Am Jwsh Cmtee
RG 347.7.1
oVa/wnal eonference for [,quallb; 'l{nJer elabm .ceqislallon
16 West 46th Street
•
New York, N. Y. 10036
•
JU 6·4146
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
November 2B, 1967
MEMBW·
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION Of
fORMER AUSTRIAN JURISTS
AMERICAN FEDERATION Of
JEWS fROM CENTRAL EUROPE
AMERICAN JEWISH COMMtnEE
AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS
AMERICAN YUGOSLAV
CLAIMS COMMtnEI!
ASSOCIATION OF
CZECHOSlOVAl JEWS
ASSOCIATION Of FORMER
COMIiAnANTS O'
DRAZA MIHAILOVIC
ASSOCIATION OF FORMER
EUROPEAN JURISTS
ASSOCIATION O' YUGOSLAV JEWS
BULGARIAN CLAIMS COMMlnEE
CLUJ OF POUSH JEWS
CONFERENCE Of AMERICANS
Of CENTRAL EASTERN
EUROPEAN DESCENT
COORDINATING COMMlnu O'
NAZI VICTIMS ORGANIZATIONS
WORLD fEDERATION Of
HUNGARIAN JEWS
Hon. RussellB. Long
Senate Office Build1ng
Washington, D. C.
Dear Senator Longa
This Conference has been organized for the purpose ot
unifying all efforts to achieve equal treatment of all
. claimants who are U. S. citizens under claims legisla
tion.
.
Our Conference consists of organizations, as listed on
this letterhead, representing the largest minority
groups in the United States, including the Conference
of Americans of Central Eastern European Desoent which
represents ten minority groups (Polish, Czechoslovak,
Hungarian, Ukranian etc.) headed by the Very Rev. John
A. Balcu118s, as well as the largest American Jewish or
ganizations.
.
• 1ft fonMitloft
Our organization is turning to you at this time, as we
are aware and appreciate the fact that you were the
leading legislative proponent of Public Law 604-B'. At
that time you put forth arguments which have special
meaning now, even more than then, because on November
11, 1967, upon reco~mendation of the Subcommittee ot the
Foreign Affairs Committee under Congresswoman Edna F.
KellY~ the House of Representatives deleted from Omnibus
Bill ti.R. 9063 the provision concerning the distribution
ot the Italian Claims Fund under Public Law 604-B'.
.
.
When Representative Dominick V. Daniels ot New Jersey
strongly objected, referring to P.L. 604-B5which had
been enacted upon your proposal, Congresswoman Edna F.
Kelly stated as tollows:
..
.
ttl want to e~phasize that the Committee is
·aware of the fact that Congress made this
exception in 1958. I still say that the
exception made in this one instance should
not have been made." .
.
...
We wish to cite your statement of 1958 as tollows:
�Page 2 -
143/8
·YIVO·AJC
RG 347.7.1
November 28, 1967
(pAD 1)
BQX 143
§.s1netor Russill B. lIong
Fi1(: 8
"Vie find that we have funds over and above those
necessary to take care of these claims (claims
of those who were American citizens at the time
of loss) ~mich funds we shall proceed to devote
to satisfy claims of those vmo became American
citizens subsequent to the time the property was
seized.....
-- - -
"InasDDlch as Italy has been more liberal than
.have most other nations, in making such funds
available, we have provided that after those who
have other claims have been satisfied, insofar
as funds remain, they could be made available to
American citizens who acquired American citizen
ship subsequent to the cutoff date •••"
-- --
,
nIt we had some settlement which was similar to
.the Italian settlement, ,vhich is unique in many
respects, in that the Italian Government settled
in effect 100 cents on the dollar for American
claimants, and made available over and above
that amount for any other liabilities which
mights be outstanding, then we could make these
funds available to other citizens."
~
In view ot the fact that P.L. 604-85 was enacted on the basis ot
your above-cited arguments in a case were sufficient funds re
mained available over and above those necessary to take care ot
American citizens who were not such at the time of loss, the ar
gument of Congresswoman Kelly, presenting this as a dangerous
precedent, are unjustified.
When enacting the Uar Claims Act, upon insistence of Senator Jacob
K. Javits, Congress even accepted the proposal forwarded by you
that if funds remain available after all other claims have been
satisfied, eligibility should be extended also to those who were
not citizens at the time the damage occurred.
Senator J. W. Fulbright stated three years ago that a great in
justice vms committed when claimants eligible under P.L. 604-8,
were prevented ft'om filing claims with the Foreign Claims Settle
ment Commission under the pretext that no filing period had been
established.
On the other hand, those who, contrary to the law existing at the
time of filing, nevertheless filed their clain;ts, received 100% com
pensation plus interest.
.
.
.
This injustice would now be s~nctioned i f the Bill as presented
by the House Foreign Affairs Committee and passed by the House,
�YIVO~
AJC.
143/8
RG 347.7.1,
Page 3 §~nator
(F.l'lD 1)
a~i1~1
~i1e
8
November 28, 1967
Russell B. Long
were to be pushed through the Senate in the last minute rush
before the close of this Session.
We appeal to you 7 dear Senator Long, not to permit that an Act
of Congress vesting certain rights to a group of people be
voided and that the balance remainihg in the Italian Claims
Fund of $1';000 ,000 which had been provided especially for Ame
rican claimants under the so-called IILombardo Agreement" be
turned oVer to the War Claims Fund of the Treasury Department,
which is not in need of such a small additional sum'when over
$250,000,000 are being distributed to the claimants thereunder.
We wish to point out that we are not a lobbying organization for
certain interests, but upon the request of many persons who have
turned to our member organizations we wish to present their
views to you as the proponent of P.L. 604-85 •
.
In the sincere hope that this our appeal will fi~d your favor
able consideration, we remain
Respectfully yours,
�YIVQ
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File
a
I
ttH,
W~st
f~f.H
!GNjiL
LDNfr.:Rcr~LE
46th Street,
Na~
fuH
lCjW~LlTY
ur'.iOE.Fi. eli-I
York City.
DR. PAUL ~EUCLHGE2
DR. rRED~RIC ~lJ~~Tl
i~SC HV;..!tl,N. £.:~·~O, •
OJ·;. L f~I\;S T We r~; :~:r;t\r,;
p j~UL u,WTON
Dr.
P~ul
Neuberger, thG Acting ChBirman, cellad thu
tt,e Ustlonal ConferencE far Cquolitv UnURr Ll=imG
continue
It~
B~tivitlas
or
11quidct~.
He
!'u~crtcti
L~gi~latiDn
th2t
mE~ting
shuuld
unfDrtu~8tulv
the National Conference did not hGve tha necessary means to tuks
first l.oi111ng to file such
allegedly refuHB to
G~t,
l~ li!lW
suit, and
orri
l"'l. f-illton i>\r..:st(mbe:i:'Q, I.·.:ho
declaring the claim mute bSC8UDS uf 12ck of
funds.
~r.
N~ubGrger
stated that only Congressional action thrDugh
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJO
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
grettab1e that we CDuld not aveil Durm:,lvEJG, bt\clZiuse of Imck of funds,
Gf thr:: fuitmer ol.irvicas of the e8cl'etary and Excellent cD-wiJrker on
our CommittaE!, hurt R. Grcl'ssman. not having an office, gecrutary,
__ ,,~
'::~.:
~.
'
':'
,.'.-
~"":,~
•
.•
;
:. r;:..
(0.
,""
(~tc.
':'.
'.
Mr. rdaubcrger further reported thzt in the account of thB
~1+QO.OO.
National Conference ,there is a belancE! of about
eaCh month
being diminishBd
casts
by the Bum of ~~3 .DD r~prr-l5entinQ hondl ing
,b:~ t~i'b~k~~:,~nd'};t;' tharef'OrB l"o~L~cnt.ud' that
,
. "
~..'
• •••
which is
~.
'
he be;
'eu~h!Jriz:::d
~
< " .
Dayton are w1111ng to act before Congress, appear at heuringe end filE
memoranr.1a!,~'s. '. for ·example •. on, the new Bill, HR-CE053~ whtJrm the q!..!c'Btion
1"
.\
. of SQu,~li tv~'a.;~dGr clali\1s' legislation' is coming up in' connection with
'.
: .'•. ~•••:1. _:
"
'
~
'.
Att'h~' concluslanof Mr. Neuberger's roport, Hr. Oavton pro
p06tld that oJ,eshbuldtake steps before ths Subcommittee on AdmlnistrEi
,
t1va
'
'.
' i ' "
':'
Pr(lcti~Q.lan.c-·Pio~adure. needed by "Sent!to~ .. tidbl~d
.
,
,
..
,")
"
",
..
sucre tar-v J Benny L~' tt.liSs,
..
in
.',
:
"",
~
U. Long, and his
connection wi th the 'proposal tc eotaiJll sh
the institution.ofen '!ombudsman". who would have the task of prot6ct
',."'
"
,
. ing th~r 19h;a 'o:r; ,C,l t i zens wherever it occurs that th6V waul d be res
tricted 0:- violsted by Congre!ielanel
ec:~lon.
further. that tho StrJff
Consultan't of the House roreign liffuirs Committee, franklin G.
f~chupp,
1n connection with thE! Committee onlcgislat1vePol1cV.Should receive
a memorandum,end"w:r:'shculd osk for m hearing whare we should preDsnt
cur arguments concerning the equa11tv of nativQ antl naturalized clti
-2
�YIVO
RG 347.7-.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
zens. E!specir111y with regard to future claims l!ilgislotir:'!!i.
fllf.
Abc Hyman then informed
thE
mer.!tiers of the
r9;;130I1S
which lead him to the decision not to fll£J a lot.;:: suit os he origin
ally had intended Doing.
However, he offered his further assistance
in anv stops which might be
tak~n.
Or. Albert! and Or. Weissman then referred in pl:.1rticl!lsr to
the stateroont Df Hr. Oayton that thore would be E poosibilitv of rlE
ceiving additional funds from Germcny but 8xpr8ssing their doubts in
thh'i respect.
5pok~
Hr. Oayton asserted that the Bonn Agreement of 1953
about the: payment In the war claims fund only from the "current
produ::::tirm b
•
After extensive diacussion of 011 the qURstionc. the
concluded that
on~
should not liquIdate
th~
National
Conr~renc0
tha time being, but should continue with rlfforts and send
all the members, and then. if one gets sny reaction,
n,ornb£:rs
t::
c~ll ~
for
rspart to
gencrol
meeting of the entire Conference to decidu lI.lhat can be done.
gr. Neuberger then appealled to the membeT5 to Ni11svE him
of thE! Chairmanship, be.cause he is Qvorburdenfld with work wno in poor
health.
However, the members decided that for the time bSing he
should continue.
Thoreafter, on motion duly lilece, sBcondad and unanimour.lv
carried, the meeting
waG
adjourned.
C
ing Chairman
�,
,',
'/
I
. Ii,,':
YIVO
\'3 ~7'C 7 .1 i~ rl \f,'\, '
j,
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
,.
y.
. -,
Box liB
File 8
......
~.
'
,-1
.
=-'rs. Edna F. Ke 11 v'
ot r'epres t~ntt:l tl va:!
Chairman
HO:l.
:ioloUJe
Subcommittee OD Europe
CommitteB OIl ;Poreign At.fnir::.
fio: :iearings
Washington, D.C.
h~)port
Interns tl onul Cls,fms
!-{J:';t ·"lo-...·..)~ ,\ ct p i"':.l
l
u
hoS"'/
•
,~~.\~.:_ ~.
'rna opportuni ty given 6.t tho ;J.oe,ri!'l£'"f:; OIl 5193.5.
August 9. 1966 to Mr. Paul Duyton to test1fy D.uel sub
mit new evidonce in support of tho reupf.'rl?1!lal of tne
nat10nalItj re(lQ11'oroellts 1n United ~tate5 claIm sottle
ment policy ttnd lsgisl&.tlon, is hlgnly a pP2"QCls ted.
Tile ano losed copy of
r~: lOVD.l1t
p:.rovls1on.o ot
treaties b&~een Austrnlla, ~ermany nod IBrael shows
tne extent to whiCh the edvoe~i.tea ot the t~xoluslonary
policy contine to be disintercsted. and./or rs11 to in
.fom Congress fully of the llC(; ela~l ted trond in tae
pz-a.ct1ce of int~rnational Inw wh1c~:. concedes tl>.at thero
is no preelus 10n to protfl(: t c It:,.irr.:S of "zlew tt c i tizonc,
thus v1ndlca.ting l;.rtlcle 2.3 of tho Unlt-ed lintlonsDra!'t
Convention.
'
The letter ot Septell:tbor 14. 1960 of the state
Depllrtment to you (printed 011 APPf.'Hldlx p. 93 of tile
Hearings Iieport) and i'J'ar. kDdrew T. McGuire I s Ie t tel"
trom the Porelgn Claims :;ottlell16nt Commission (p. (8)
avo1d discussion of tho essential points of our memo;
the other su.bj(;;'lct illS tter in the letters is in d1re need
of fi rebuttal. 'rheas 1<1111 be pl"'es~nted to you in due time.
t1s;.:,:r. JaM b6i.lkuna.s
l"rnldont
ENCL.
JE:ms
�YIVO
347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
~iOV6lUber
30, 1906
:Ion. Senator John Sparkman
Uoited States uenate
Ciltl1rman
Subcommittee on Claims Legis Ie t10n
Committee on Foreign Ftelatlons
Wub.1ogton, D.C.
Dear Senator Sparkman'
or
The Conference
A~r1c&ns of Central and
i.:::aetern European Descent l(ould 111(6 to tiring to
your attention t!le testimony end memos preH'J9nted
b,. Hr. Pllul Dayton at tile ~iearl11gs on 3.1935, i~U[;ust
9, 1966 before the Subeom:n1ttee on 2:urope of the .
CoI!fti!1tteo on Foreign Af'fair£l, :iouso of nepr~)8entl.i.tl vue.
(Report p. 41-53) A c!>py of a letter to tbe Cr.l!:lirman of
ttle ~lubcomm1ttee on ~uropo, Hoprosontutivtl l11rs. ";;;dna 1
.....
Aelly, 18 enclosed giving further
intor~tion.
In the ;Iouse ;fearlngs on tne war Cla1tll8 Act, AUEust
0, 1961 (p. 711), it waD establishod tt~t "tne d1etritu
tioD ot funds i& a matter of domestic policy nnd not a
or
internatIonal lall l;i.t al ••• " Contrary to that
and as e. ms.ttel" or an oxped.lent exclu.Dionarl
st£\to Department polIcy. lUi incorrect allaga:::lol:;l 1& con
matter
prine1ple~
t1nuously made that a univnrsal principle of internation
al law (alao called little trGd.1. tiunal r·ule") ot tne past
preel~d8s protection of claims of so-culled W
new " citi
z.ens. persons who bacame0.S. matio::lnls subsoquent to
1nJury
01"
108s.
Tbe ~tQte Department interpretation of 1ntGr~tlonal
law to tit their p:;:strictlve policy avoided keeping
Congress correctly intol'mad of ca,u"r'ont tr'eods in inter
national law and prnct.lce 01" forel;;n claims sotLlcment
agreements or treat1es.
�YIVO
RG347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
In b.armon:r wit.:x 1ntern~tlo:·:al luw, 8S c041ce!ved in the
United Uatlons Draft Convention, Article 2), throe foreign
countries. Aastrtl.lla, Germany and Israel nave dlplo!l'i.atlcally
espoused such clalma. proving Cigaln th&t trlare is no bar In
internntional law a..'ld practice t·) protect cln.lm.a of the "new"
citizens.
It 1s to be regretted that the State Dep6.rtrnent did not
Into:rm yol.1r Committee sufficiently, contrary totif;;'l6 dlrt"ctlve
of the lotter ot tb.e late Prosidf:mt John 1:'. KennEiidy dated. Sept
embor 19b1:
"Tne et'tectiVGness of democracy as e. torm of govcrn1lumt
dopends on an informed and intelligent citizenry •••no
wbere does tne sovtJrnment bJ,~vo a more irtiporntlve duty
to make available a8 Bwiftly as possltle all the facts
required tor an intelligent docis1on t~n in foreign
atraire. 1t
Moreover, s1nce dl:'itr!bation of f'undD 1s a pu.re11 domestIc matter,
ot cODntltutlonal requiremonts snould prevail over
any deliberation ot:<.lnternatic)ue.l law. ;i'be second supploMmltcry
contl:lntion to oxclul.~"new"citizen8 claims bOC(iUne 01" inadequacy
of funds :troM p~rt1,"~ifintlcQ in the dIstr1bution orrunds, 1s nottl
consld~ratlon
ing but " ••• the ver,y essence ot unjust dlscrirr~natlon.n (Congrese
man Joan A. Elatnik in the clearIngs on em 4790, .rIllY 27, 1959,
bofore tbe COml'.d.ttee on Com'Tlorce and l;lnance, Committee on Inter
state and Foreign Commerce.) Legislation besed on the questionable
State DepartIQant allegation or 1nternational law and th.e excuse
of inadequacy ot fUDds i8 "cona truod to deny, ..and dlnparnge" the
rle:i1t of equal protect1on bf:}tore the lawe
As you know the Preamble to '.,the Cons tl tutlon mancla tea tb.at we
nostablisn Just1ce" and Articl@s V,IX and Amendment XIV of the
Constitution prescrIbe tae outlines ot Just laws. Certaluly we do
not estab11sn justice by creating a group of Rold" c1tizens "11th.
1irlrst ri£~bt8" bav1ng the priority to partlclpatae in tb.e d1str1bu
t10n ot claim. tu.nds to tile detrimont
or
a second class ot "new"
citizens excluded trom similar protectIon.
~'~espoc t.f'ully,
Megr. John r;u.lkunaa
Pres1dent
EUCL.
JBUDS
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
MINUTES of the Execu1F.li_ Meeting of the NATIONAL CON
FERENCE FOR EQUALITY UNDER CLAIMS LEGISLATION, held on November
16th, 1966, at 5:00 p.m., at the office of the American Jewish
Committee, 165 East 56th street, City, County and State_of New
York.
The meeting was attended by:
KURT R. GROSSMAN
FREDERICK ALBERTI
PAUL DAYTON
MILTON KESTENBERG
PAUL NEUBERGER
ABRAHAM S. _
HYMAN.
JERRY GOODMAN (joined later)
After the meeting was called to order by PAUL NEUBERGER,
Chairman, Mr. KURT R. GROSSMAN reported on the implementation of
the decisions of the last::,Executive Meeting.
Mr. ABRAHAM S.
HYMAN, international lawyer of long experience in claims legisla
tion, was asked to give his opinion on the activities of this or
ganization.
The question posed was: "WIll the next Congress be
--
favorably inclined to ward changing existing claims legislation
to include naturalized citizens without regard to the date of their
baturalization.lI
Mr.
ABRAHAM S. HD4AN replied that, in his opinion, the
National Conference should continue its action on two fronts:
(a) Legislative, and (b) Judicial.
He reported that he himself is pressing a case before
the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, raising the question of
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
the constitutionality of Section 204 of the War Claims Act of
1948, as amended, and that he is willing to join the National
Conference in its action to remove the discrimj.natory clauses
in claims legislation.
As far as Congress is concerned, in his
opinion the outlook for success is slight, but nevertheless the
matter should be pursued.
Mr. JERRY GOODMAN, who joined the meeting at the very
end thereof, reported that a senator, friendly to our aims, also
recommended continuous action of the National Conference
Mr. PAUL DAlTON suggested that letters be written to
specific members of Congress.
However, it was decided to wait
until more is known about the organization of the new Congress.
Mr. FREDERICK ALBERTI informed the meeting that he
will place at the disposal of the National Conference addresses
of claimants to whom the National Conference could send letters
informing them of its activities, and appeal for funds.
(Such a
letter had been drafted and sent to various attorneys, but the
only positive reply came from .Mr. FREDERICK ALBERTI, while Mr.
MILTON KESTENBERG pledged financial support of the activities of
the National Conference).
The American Jewish Committee will investigate means
of securing continuing support in Washington.
- 2
�YIVQ
RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
Thereafter, the financial question was discussed, and
the hope was expressed that all participating and interested or
ganizations who will receive these minutes as background materi
al will decide to substantially and wholeheartedly support the
activities of the NATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR EQUALITY UNDER CLAIMS
LEGISLATION.
No further business cOming before the meeting, the same
was on motion duly made and carried, adjourned.
Dated: New York, N.Y.
November 16, 1966
~: /:OSSMAN'----
lve Secretary
./'
NOT B
I
(On November 21, 1966, at a meeting of Jrr.
~ER"
GEB, Mr. JERRY GOODMAN and Mr. KURT R. GR OSSMAN, the
new situation was evaluated: We welcome the coopera
tion of Mr. ABRAHAM S. HYMAN, and favor any coopera
tion as Amicus CUriae in any court action he might
take.)
�l (. \",
\ \.i.. :.,
/
(FAD 1)2
l
;.
/
.{.
J
ElVO 347.7.'1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
\.
\,.
.......
(,':,
"
Bb~
'143 .
File 8
...
~
October l~h, 1966
Cn: IZEllS
"SECOND CLf;.SS"
FIGHT BACK
------~---~--~~~~~--~------
"We will use all legal
1ll9&nS
at our disposal to renew
the fight for equal treatment of all citizens under
claims legislation,
It
it
\TriS
aru:lou.need today by Kurt
R. Grossmann, , Executive secretar-;'" of 'the nO";.'/ly form.ed
National Conterence for
- - - - . . - - - ' _ ... _ - - - _ ••_ ..,..- ' ...
",-,~~,-, ......... ...,"'".'.'
Eq~11ty
'"
tlon.t with ottioes at 16
_,
.....
\~'i'est
.., .....
~~
Under Claims Legisla
- - , ••
~--'''.
<.... ?" ...
~ ....
--
..
-" ......
'.,
~~
.""..
~~.
46th Street ,.ri43'W YorK,
'., N. Y., 100 36.
'the National Conference attempts to romove the discri
minatory tederal legislation, notsbly thnt contrd.ned
in Section a\)4 ot Public 1.cw
87-~46
- the no-called
War Claims .~ot of 1962 - which excludes parsons
'1ere not oitizens of the Unit{:!d states at
the war
lOIS
th~
or de'llage 1n various cotllltries
meaning all those
wbo
beeamo citizens
aft~r
o.~
7ihO
time ot
'1'"'
'.it!rope,
:Nay 8. 194,
oannot receivE! ar:.y kind of compensntton 'under oleJ.ims
legislation.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
"We believe this creates (lnd fosters
~~wo
classes ot
U. S. citizens in violation of sound public policy
and constitutional princ1ples as l'ecogn:Lzad by the
Supreme Court in the Schneider caseIn Mr. Grossmann
stated.
Mr. Grossmann further said, "All discrlra1..nated claim
ant s are requastec1 to cOm£lU.nicate
by VIl'1t1.ng
'iIi th
us itlm0dia tely
to •
National Conference for ~quallty
Under Claims Legislation
'
16 We.t 46tb street - loth Floor
New York, N. Y.
10036
Members
or the
National Conference are:
A.merican Assocj.Ettion of
Form~r
Austri9,n
Jurist.
American l'!edel'::.tion of J(fW& from Central
Europe
Amerioan Jewish Committee
Ar.iJl.r1can Jewish Contress
American l'U&oslav Claims Coa:.w1 tt.a~
Assoeic-ltion of Czechoslov<!ik Jew's
J;..ssociat1on ot Form:ar Combatta.cts of
Draza Miha110vie
Assoc:1.a t10n
or
Former R'u.!'opean .1u.:r1.Gts
Association of Yugoslav Jews
Bulgarian Cla1.tns (Jolnln1ttoe
Club of Polish J' aws
Conference of.A.mer1caus of Eastol"'U J.;:t.. ro
penn Desoant
CODrd1.nat1ng Commi,ttae of Ne.zi Vt.ctims
Organizations
't'forld
b'eder~t1011
of Hungarian JewfJ
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC
VO~I
BAUR, BERESFORD &
1700 K STREET, N. W.
COBURN
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
WASHINGTON 6, D. C.
August 3, 1966
CABLE ADDRESS: YOM BECOLAW
AREA CODE 202
296-3950
paul Neuberger, Esq.
16 West 46th Street
New York 36, New York
Dear Dr. Neuberger:
This letter attempts to summarize the conclusions
which I stated to you during our conversation of August 2,
1966:
1. In my opinion, there is only a slim chance
that the Supreme Court will reverse the recent decision of
the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in
Ke1berine v. Interhande1. (The Court dismissed the action
as a suit against the United States without its consent.)
Nevertheless, I will continue to cooperate with Governor
Stassen in his petition for certiorari, and in presenting the
case to the Supreme Court if certiorari is granted. I will
also press my related petition in the District Court.
2. As the Court of Appeals clearly indicated in
Ke1berine v. Interhande1, the proper remedy now is legislative,
not judicial.
3. A number of organizations and legislators have
expressed support of these claims, but none is actively
espousing them.
4. Since the legislators will not act without
more political pressure than they now feel, the first step
is "organizing the organizations". All influential organiza
tions that have expressed support should be included. I
have suggested a long list of such organizations, beginning
with the American Civil Liberties Union. I think it is
desirable to fonn a cadre committee, . for the sole purpose of
supporting an appropriate bill, each of. whose members would
represent one of the constituent committees such as the
ACLU. It is entirely possible that the National Conference
for Equality under Claims Legislation could be the nucleus
of such a committee.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box
1~3
File 8
5.
The second step is to draft an acceptable
bill providing solely (unlike any bill so far introduced)
that United States citizens who were injured by the Nazis
at a time when they were aliens should be compensated out
of the Interhandel Fund and any other available funds.
The bill must be "acceptable" both to its sponsors (for.
example, Senators Kennedy and Javits of New York, among
others) and to the supporting organizations.
6. The third step is to get the bill sponsored
and supported by appropriate Members of Congress, including
committee chairmen and senior minority members in both
Houses.
7.
All this involves a very considerable effort.
I have estimated that the lobbying effort alone (that iI,
the necessary activities on Capitol Hill alone) would cost
at least $3,000-$5,000.
8.
However, under the circumstances described
above, the bill could pass very quickly. This is not only
my opinion; it is also the opinion of the many Members of
Congress and Congressional staff members whom I have con
sulted. We also believe that there is no other way iri which
the desired result can be achieved.
9.
I will be happy to discuss this proposal
further if you find enough interest in pursuing it.
Sincerely yours,
~fU\.t~: ') Beres~~d
sp~er M.In f.~J. fl'}t"'-J .
J
.
5MB/mc
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
S TAT E MEN T
of
PAUL NEUBERGER of NEW YORK CITY
Made on August 9, 1966
Before the SUB-COMMITTEE Appointed by
the HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE.
PAUL NEUBERGER, Esq.
16 West 46th Street
New York 36, N. Y.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC (FAD l)
Box 143 File 8
Madame Chairman, Members of the Committee:
My name is PAUL NEUBERGER and I am a member
of the New York Bar with offices in New York City specializing in
international private law.
I testified on August 5, 1965 before the
Senate Sub-Committee on behalf of a group of my clients, who have
claims against Italy, with regard to the bill S1935, which is under
consideration before this Honorable Committee.
My testimony is in
cluded in the records contained in the files submitted by the Senate
Sub-Committee to you but I am also submitting a copy of the same,.
The reason I wish to testify again before this Honorable SubCommittee is, because after I testified before the Senate SubCommittee, the State Department submitted a letter, dated August 9,
1965, presenting its arguments against the contentions in my testi
mony.
This letter simply by-passed the amendment presented by me,
which was based on the same exception which the Department of State
was willing to grant in its letter, with regard to the Italian
Claims Fund and to certain religious organizations in the Philli
pines.
The amendment which I presented is based on
the same facts and same legal reasons"
1958 to pass Public Law 604-85.
which prompted Congress in
The same reasons and arguments
which Senator Russell B. Long presented at the hearing of the re
spective bill, of which he was one of the proponents, fully apply
to the further extension proposed in my present amendment.
With
regard to this amendment, the Department of State found it neces
sary to bring up its earlier arguments against any extension of
eligibility of claimants who should be compensated out of claims
funds to be distributed in the United States.
In the last fifteen years, strong argumen-ts
were repeatedly presented against this obsolete policy to which
the Department of State adheres.
�YIVO
AJC
RG
347.7.1
(FAD 1)
File 8
This policy of the Department of State prompted
Box 143
a large group of organizations, of· which I am citing a few:
Con
ference of Americans of Central-Eastern European Descent, which is
the frame organization comprising·ten national minority organiza
tions:
American Jewish Congress; American Jewish Committee, The
American Federation of Jews from Central Europe; The Association
of Czechoslovakian Jews; The Club of Polish Jews; and some others
to form the National Conference for Equality under Claims legisla
tion, of which I have been appointed as Acting Chairman.
On behalf of the National Conference I am pre
senting· a memorandum, which has been prepared by Samuel Herman, Esq.,
of Washington, D.C., which shows that the policy of the Department
of State with regard to the question of eligibility of claimants
should be changed.
The National Conference for Equality under
Claims legislation considers this restriction of eligibility as
unconstitutional because the United States Supreme Court in its
decision, Schneider vs. Rusk of May 18, 1964 stated:
IIWe start from the premise that the rights of
citizenship of the native born and of the
naturalized persons are of the same dignity
and are co-extensive." U.S., 845 Ct.
The amendment I proposed, expressly stated that
the small number of claims against Italy should be included only
and when there remains a balance in the Italian Claims Fund, after
all claims, which in accordance with the provision contained in
the present bill S1935 have been fully satisfied.
I wish to em
phasize that it is the strong conviction of all claimants and
organizations, whose views I am presenting today, that the Consti
tutional rights of naturalized citizens should be preserved by
allowing all citizens regardless of the date of naturalization to
be eligible for compensation out of Claims Funds .to be distributed
in the United States.
----
. ---
�YIVO
AJC
RG 347.7.1
(FAD 1).
Box 143
Finally, I wish to repeat the proposal maae
File 8
in my testimony given before the Senate with regard to the re
striction of lawyers' fees to which Section l(F) of the present
bill refers.
I sincerely hope that this Honorable SubCommitte~
will give its favorable consideration to .the presented
amendments, and I wish to thank this Committee for the opportunity
given me to testify in support of my amendments.
PAUL NEUBERGER
�·
'
YIVO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
PAUL NEUBERGER
(FAD 1)
Box 143
COUNSELOR AT LAW
16 WEST
46\~
CABLE ADDRESS;
"PI\b.I~EJ,J8e NE;.l(VYORK
,t' ... .L
ts
STREET
NEW YORK 36, N, y,
Tl!t.EPHONE: ,JUDSON 6·4146
June 29. 1966
Mr. Kurt R. Grossman
Rte. 114
Shelter Island. N. V. 11964
Dear Kurt:
My sincere thanke for your memo of June 25th, together wi th th(~ enclorllJres.
I was also glad to hear for the first time of your book about Ossletzky,
which I promptly ordered from the Rosenberg Gook Store.
Concarning the National Conference, your memo contains the right progrom
for the ilctivities, and I would very much l1ke to carry out the p13n
which you discussed together with Jerry at the luncheon.
.':, !
I believe that concerning the ~xpenditures for the work we have to gat
en okay from a broader meeting. I would like to have your and Jerry's
suggestions as to when such a meeting could be held. I believe that the
very emaIl fund of about $250.00. which check Jerrv has, is not suffi
cient, and we also need approval for its use.
I still did not get tho signature card for opening the bank account, ~nd
I am calling J~rry to get that. I would greatly apprsciate hearing from
you 600n. and I am sending also B copy of this letter to Jerry.
If I can get some friends to take me out with the car. I would cnme and
visit you.
With kindest personal regards, I am
Cordially yours.
PN:SG
c.c. to Jerry Goodman
PAUL NEU6t.RGER
�Y~iIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJ;n JwshCmtee
(FAD 1)
M e m
June 25, 1966
0
Box 143
To:
File 8
Paul Neuburger
Jerry Goodman!
From: Kurt R. Grossmann
You asked me last Thursday for B check list of our most
activities. Here follows the list:
~rgent
I
J (1)
Establishing a kind of apparatus with
B
card filing sYtitem of:
al All organizations directly or indireftly interested in the
change of claims legislati~n; _,
"
G ~:J"
- ~ ~\.J.i1(>...{, ~ '~'W\v. 1'"!.. ~ b'')~-r-v-.
bl all individuals direCtl~ in~ereste~ (about 12'000)
cl all government officials favoring our demands, hostile to our
demands, neutral to our demands;
dl all members of the Senate and House categorizes as to c;
.../(2) , Fundraising among organ1zations and individuals (see la,lb). This
means follow up to our letters, telephone and personal contacts;
-
""
(3)
-~l
"Lobbying" for;the desired legislation by informing th~ law-makers,
pressuring them, in short to use all known means serving our
demands.
1'1.
ft.
.
-
(:'"
'"
A
~ ~ \'"""""....
-
,"':'.
,..
,.".... JI • ~
•
(4) Continuous information, briefing among organizations and individuals
to keep their intereat alive;
(5)
Public
relattOn\~~~~
alerting the press whenever warranted.
- -<,~ ()vv.~ C~/)
From the enclosed you will Bee that we are at our summer retreat where
/-/0. /)e y:.. .;; -:; 9 Slt / .ft!.,
~. i a: ~( k '/ II (;!t>' :..~'
I can be reached easily.
Hoping to hear from you.
Co:rdiaUy yours,
I
....
/'''It/''(; __---_.... _'~
./ Kurt
il~
Grossmann
�YIVORG 347.7.1 Am Jwsh Cmtee (FAD1)
Box 143
File 8
..",..
I~I
':
-"em
,,~'i~J
IIIAI4tL
" , entzlehung";;2~:"
gra.tlon'der na.Oh
1. Ok-, Fortsetzung~on
'
,
r ~953 nacl1 dem Westen ge ,
menen Na.ziverfolgten in die gerugt. Sle se'hen
erster Lfime
Zeit zur Bera:tung stehende eino Verletzu.n!g thresGl"Ulld:,
elle zum Bundesentschad1 reohts aus
14 des Grund
~;
I
gesebzes, (
ntie des Eigen
.
. ' tums) dar ' , dass der Jh·nen ti"ii
...
Hei~tellung der Wltwen, Iher d .. Par. 16 Albs. 1 des ' -_ _ _~_ _------.;;...---;...---~;.;;;;:.....J
;n Manner, alles Vertolgte,
gsgesetZes vom
' ...." . . . . . . ,
... ..
.' ,
..
~. ~~~~~n~9~r:~r~~:8ou! ~~h\::n~::
~~n~~~ah~t~~~: 'ents~;~~~:a::~1956)
~~~~e~~
chtigt sind; . .
BEG
dorm J·ahre
be~.
(aJUS
lld die A:nerkennUng
nutung bei Gesundhei
. er duI'C'h dessen Auslegtlll{f entzcr
a gen worden set In der Begriin
.
Revi'sio~">'~des~:~am..,·rikani·sch.~~<['
Krie~~~ts~t-Cid.ig~.,gsges,t~~?;·
JaYif!>,:~n~~:~~u~las 'fo~rn Erweiter.ung"Cles'":":·
, ,<:'1 ',,;;c'''''WarClaims Act" ",';-';, '" .';";~';''''.
'J
'
."
,
"
,
,<
~h ~~ d~~!rif ar~~l::' ~~g ~~-:esv~r=ge= .,Ein~·~tege~~<~~~1St~n':·'·Das"G~tz :i:~':~~i:~;i'~:rlf'::~r:;,'
I
undesregierung
derselben stehen
e getreten 1st.
tibe •• bin, dass
~~
enz mit
Personiten iibere
en, die
.....-e .....""""'hte un liberale
OLI&
..-.......
ung d1eser Ehrenscli d ein
en, ware lob. fUr e1ne Ii.
J dankbar, die dazu beltni: n
n, -dieses tragIsohe K80pl
Katastrophe wilrdig abzu
lessen." _ '
_"..
eru
des Stand
u. a. au.s, dassder
Geseta;~eber des amerlka.ri1schen:Krd,,~aent- gen 'Fassung sielb.t. EntSc!hadi
"
.......
r
der En.tBClOO:dllgung- ro.r die Op sclliiidigun'ifS g 'e s e ,t z es("wargungen ,fur Kr.iegszersWrung.
fer der mtionalsozJJal1$tischE!n olaims AiCt'''}) von 1948- forded ·BesdhilIa~~en .. und ,sonstige
Krdegssehaden fur eanerikanl
.
, .'
VeItfolgung wegen de.r lrolnJpll eine Gese17zesv~rlage, dde Anlfang sche Diirger vor; d. h: dde Be2ll.erten Materie haibe in Ka'lllf Febmar Vvni d en Benatoren trof!enen miissen be.re1ts Biir
'
nehanen mlissen, dass dde Fag- P,''''uil Dou
("'''-'01s Dem
sung des Gesetzes n1Icht durch-....
guwt .Lt....: u ,
0 gerge.wesen sein zu dem zeit;..
weg dIe ertorderUche Kla.rl1eit krat) und Ja.Cob K. Ja.vl't6 (New p~t, da der Schaden elngetre
YOl'lk, RepuibUkaner)· 1m amen- ten 1st, :uso z. B. elne F8ibrl!lc beautigew1esen Ulnd daiher n-a.ch kla-'--.... en ae..... t · .. 1",,,,""':_..lI... sc~ ...;,ahmt oder eln SchJ:f!f ver
noeh
.""""""&
,......., ~""",n,..u"&·': ,,1........,
~ungi!.~~edurtt worden 1st. ."~;".:~':,:,' .... ' ~IlIkt wurde. Der An!trag Don.
lh'3.lbe. ,DIes Iromme auch in der - Die Vorlage :wlll die KreIse derglas-J.avihts will Entsohadigungs
Bera.tung u.nd. BegriinlClrung des EntSchii~sbereo'b.tttgten atUl'a.nsp1"ilche Giller amerika.n1scher
Gese17zentwua:fs klar ,zum Aus salche Personen ausdehne.n,· <'Ide BUrger ahne Ausnaihllne zulassen.
ck.
erst nach dem Ende des 7AVeiten well me in dem "blsherigen
Wclflkrieges ~r1ka:nlsche Bilr- Reclhtszustand e1ne wn~uJ1i.ss1,ge
:ehr geehrter Herr Gross·
e an der Wledergutma- gler .geworden's!.nd, -: ,was also D1skrlml.nderung lZW1schen Alto
m!
chun gesetz~btmg Betelltgten. Wr die M~ der Fliiehtlln und NeubUl'Igem sehen, zumal
'tir Ihr·Schtelben yom 11. J8o auch
Verfolgten, selen da:h~r ge aus mlllerdeutsehland' und da s!cllunter di1esen erst &pater
I.' Ullld Ihren belgetUgt;en Ar davon a
ega.n.gen, dass das Ge den von Hltler beset7JtenLiin- naturaJIsieJ:lte.n Newbiirgem viet "Die Endphase des Ent.seha· seta; au d
J·ahre 1953 I1IU1' eine de.rn zutrefien diirfte.
Ie beflnden, die unter dem Natio
elung darste~e.
, . ':i.' " , " , .
n~sozlaHsmus !hI' gesamtes Ver
ngswerk.es" sowle fUr- die l"Ol'l:aUlf1go
tibersandte Broschiire "Die Dies tref'te e chtllch auCh fUr, Das Bu:n:deSverfa.ssung,sgencht mogen und vlelfa.eh aucl1 1hre
:lergutmachungsfrage
am dde Entschad1
fUr ~iheits- fUIhrte welter arus, d9.SS d1e 'Be- AngehOngen verloren ha.ben.
ll2Weg" danke lob. Ibnen. 1cih entzug duroh
e au&a.ndlsche stl.mmunggn d'es BEG und deren und <'Ide W 2~ Weltkrleg, noch
~ ,mit grossem Interesse von Regierung zu.
verinderte :J!1aSB1mg :n!ldht ge.. Au.sUi.nder, iapfer und ,pfLic!htJbe.
Austii.h.rUlllgen Ihres Aufsa.tBel d1eaer Rec'h a.ge ha:be der gen den rech tastaatlletheD. wu.sst ~ ·den- amerlkan1sclhen
Kenntnts genoounen undGeseto;geber 1m
ialhre 1956 GI'lmC1:satz des vertraueI"hllschut Streltlkrii.tten Dienst .taten.·>
sche aw, dass das Problem <lurch eme geDiau re Tatbe zes versto.sse. Unter-HinsweJs auf
Die beiden.. Senatorep. bahen
!r Beriicksichtlgung del' be standsformuUerung e . bess.ere den romaufigen Charakter des ,den ~ f'UrMdle Berucik:sIdh!;4.,
tigten Interessen der Nazi- A'bgrenzung der Verari!bworlilich- lBundese~ungsgesetzes kOnn" £lung der Ne1.lbiirger in d~. (]eo. ':"
I>lgten durob. elne beJ.dersel- kelt bel dean Zusammentreffen te "nlem11.'1ld d.arauf vel'trauen, sets bere1ts selt 19$2 .getUhrt. . .
Versta.nddguing liber die noch von, lnlandJschem und abslindi- diasS es fiIlr EntschAdlgungsa:n- Jedoch bJSher. ohne Er(olg; tref. .
[len Fragen gelastwerde.
schean Staatsunrecht vomehllllen spriiChe wegen Fredheitsentllzle- Heh g!4Ulben me, mit ihrem be.
: ,.
fit freund.l.lcllen Emptehlun· dliirfen, &elbst wenn dadurcll ge- hung auehm 'allen Elnzeilihelten barrHehen ~ern einer E1imf.
bin lell Ihr ergebener
wisse, mach der frtiheren Rege- bei del' Regelung des Par. 16 ~es D1elTUllg der BUrgerklauselln der
(gez.) Jos. Ca:rd. Frings
lung zugeb1lllgte Wledergutma-, Gesetzes I8IUS de Jahre 1953 ver--heute geltenden .Form doch
d
f.m. Jalhre 1953 'b\:l1 der Regelung
Erz~ot :von KOln" ebung~e enttlelen.
'h
'Aft
e'
bl~~ ~:l '~~;:~!~~:~~~~:~~~::~:::~~~;?"~~:,~~~.e.~";:::-~ "~;"-~'
�February 2, 1966
Ed Luka.s
Jerry Goodman
YIVO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(F..AD 1)
Box 143
File 8
Please discuss this with me at
your earliest convenience. Thanks.
�~ \ SS
YIVO RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee (F!;:',\j
,';1:;\'
File 8
Attch. 2/2/66
v,s
Draft of a letter for solicitation of funds to be addressed to organizations:
Box 143
Dear
.. . ...
'"
'"
You are &ware the the National Conference for Equality Under Clatms
C:
Legls1atian 1s attempting to crrect injustices under the War Clafms Law,
to which citizens of this. country are subjEcted.
The problem which we
are faced with is one of df.scr1mlnat1on, respectively eatablishuwnt of
~10
kinds of citizenship..
The Aufbau of April 6, 1962 publtihed an ed
itorisl ::Y86rs sgo which 'We euelose.
since the
W~r
Claims Act
~dopted
In essence the situs tiOl1 prevails
on ...
has
~ot
changed the dis"
criminatory status of "jUlli.or citizens".
On the other band the Supreme Court 1n the famous case Schneider,
has rejected a distinction between sentor and junior citisens.
The con
sequence of this deciSion is that nationalized citizens haven't aay
difficulties anymore to _eaain, even 1n their country of birth.
You
w111 recall that under previous lesislation nationalized citizens were
losing their citiaenablp if they stayed in their country of birth for
three ycars and for five yeara in
aar
other foreign country.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
(AJC
(GAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
p. 2
Attch. 2/2/66
We believe therefore that the Judicial branch of Ibe Government
might right the wrongs doee to thousands of thousands of citizens of the
U.S. acd therefore the NCFEUCL i8 considering bringing a test ease to the
courts.
In order to execute this plan, we, however, need substantial
funds to pay the lawyer conduct:l.n8 the CQse.. preparing the briefs, pay
mcnt cf expcn3GS for necessary trips to Washington.
'<1cneed t70uld be about $10,000.
The initial amount
This letter has the sole purpose to
ask you to make a substantial contribution by your organization Bnd 1f
yot!
desire to do so. soUcit f.unds from your Vlembersh1p for this purpose
The undersigned Executive Committee of the NCFrJCL is
poaal for any further information. .
Looking
fO~1ard
to bearing from you.
Most sincerely,
tit
your dis
�A Word About American Values
Secretary of State Dean Rusk convincingly formulated "our
obligation to understand better the American system of government,"
a few months ago. "In a time of continuing conflict it is imperative
that we Americans not merely recognize by name and by instinct
the values which we are defending but that we thoroughly under
stand them," Rusk said. He listed values as having "developed from
our revolutionary manifesto, the Declaration of Independence, the
Constitution, the Bill of Rights and many decisions in courts of law,
so that we have a government of the People, by the People, and
for the People".
No one will quarrel with the Secretary of State in presenting
this challenging philosophy. We must, however, register disappoint
ment when we find that these American values are not always
evenly, justly and fairly recognized and respected. The treatment
of certain minority groups in this country comes to mind and we
realize with regret and apprehension that too often fundamental
ideas of American political philosophy-for instance, all citizens
without distinction are entitled to the equal protection and bem·fit
of the law-are violated. Let us examine one glaring example, the
Johnson Bill (S. 2618), which recently was reported to the floor
of the Senate and deals with the settlement of war claims for
American citizens.
Other nations have long since paid their own citizens for war
losses. In the United States the necessary assets are available with
out any cost to the taxpayer; so is the agency for carrying o!lt a
program of such importance. The claimants, on the other hand, are
aging and dying, and the difficulties of proof are increasing daily.
The Johnson Bill will" allow registration of such war claims before
payment is decided, but fails to include from its final benefits and
its present provisions those persons who have become citizens since
World War II. This is indeed contrary to the very principles Dean
Rusk has so eloquently underlined in the statement quoted above.
We refer in this connection to the American Journal of Inter·
national Law (Vol. 55, July 1961, No.3), in which a Draft Con·
vention on the international responsibility of States for injuries of
aliens is published. A distinguished Committee of the Bar Associa
tion--consisting of Professor William W. Bishop, Jr., University of
Michigan; Professor Herbert W. Briggs, Cornell University; Arthur
H. Dean,.of the New York Bar; Professor Roger D. Fisher, Harvard
Law School; AlWyn V. Freeman, Deputy Representative of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, United Nations; Charles M.
Spofford, of the New York Bar; I.N.P. Stokers, of the New York Bar;
Professor Quincy Wright, Emeritus, University of Chicago; the late
Professor Clyde Eagleton, New York University, as well as Professor
Philipp C. Jessup, Columbia University-has submitted a draft con
vention whose Art. 6 unequivocally states:
A State has the right to present or maintain a claim on behalf
of a person only while this person is a national of that State. A State
shall not be precluded from presenting a claim on behalf of a person
by reason of the fact that. that person became a national of that
State subsequent to the injury.
The State Department and the Johnson Draft, basing them
selves on the accidental date of acquiring citizenship, negate
equal recognition and equal treatment of United States citizens.
These new citizens, whose duties and rights cannot be disputed, have
lost all their belongings without having resources to any other
government. The procedure applied to them creates injustice and
is incompatible with the American values expounded by Dean Rusk.
Besides, France, Greece, Denmark, Yugoslavia and other European
countries have excluded their former citizens from any such benefits,
which causes more injustice.
Denying the claims of the new citizens, in favor of other groups
of citizens, makes the discrimination still more unbearable. Compen
sation resulting from war losses must be shared by all, and certainly
by the new citizens, who have suffered more than enough before
reaching these shores.
Unfortunately, all efforts to convince the State Department,
Senator Johnson and his friends of the righteousness of these de
mands have consistently run into opposition. Secretary Rusk's own
department has taken the position that, where available funds are
insufficient to permit a full recovery by all, those individuals
who were American citizens at the date when the loss occurred
should be given preference over those who became naturalized
later-only one day later-which amounts to saying that these
so-called junior citizens should not receive any compensation what
soever.
Any distinction between junior citizens and senior citizens or,
as Senator Keating put it, the creation of a second-class citizenry,
introduces into American government practice an element of dis
crimination irreconcilable with our expressed basic rights and ideals.
We still hope that the State Department and the majority of the law
makers will realize that such discrimination among our citizens
for purposes of domestic legislation or otherwise is indefensible.
Reprinted from "Aufbau", Issue Apri' 6, J962
I'Tjto-:t::'t-<
1-"0 I'Tj-S H
<:
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(1)
0'-10
~
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c:o~~tn
w'-:""::Y::tI
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(1) ;
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�YIVO
RG 347.7-'.1
I
"
A Jwsh Cmtee
CF ~tf;; ,1 )
Box 143
File 8
\
1-/ '-.1
\-;
1).'\',"
I,
il :... '. ,"
(I, f\ \ !
'~,
Dear Congressman Reuss:
Your endeavors to establish the office of a U.S. Ombudsman
is essential to help preserve American standards of justice, especially
.Q., {' ro ,.,,"UJ-'uS
in the following matter. An < f l i P ' S U.S. Claims Settlement policy.
and legislation is construed upon the fallacious allegation that a rule
of 19th century international law precludes protection of claims of
"new lt citiZens, naturalized subsequent to loss or injury.
Fixed by the restrictive Claims Settlement policy of the
past into an unawareness of contemporary changes, as shown in the
enclosed background material, the advocates of that obsolete rule have
failed to provide Congress with the correct information that inter
national law does not preclude our government from protecting the
claims of
the
so-oalled "new" citizens.
Under the impact of this mis
information, the enactment of Claims legislation was bound to create
injustices. A Congress correctly informed would undoubtedly provide
proper remedies.
It is respeotfully suggested that this problem be taken up by
you, not only in your capacity as a Congressman and a member of the
Committee on Governmental Operation, but to illustrate to the public how
,a public defender could serve to uphold the rights and principles upon
which this nation is founded. An opportubity to discuss this matter
personally wi,h you is respectfully requested.
�YIVO RG 347.7.1
AlJl Jwsh Cmtee
~nn1f!f:S
(FAD 1)
ot tho
It.t;:uvrmt
ot the IAt!OIAL
Box 143
File 8
Co!{F~i~ltCS
FOR aqUA..t.:rlY
!lImES of _.t1os b.eld on november 22, 1965. at tn. or
tlce 01 PI'l.U'L Hm;JBnaOit1..SeQ •., 16 *~CUt't 46th strr!.let, 11G.w :tork, .REm
Y.ork. at, ~IOOP.1Ge
PAUla ImmiiROim,
to~th.. J.•• oelat1on
.
of' Yulo.lay Jews;
'
05C~Jl
.lUll
tor the Ahl'icau Association of tormar
EuropeaD Jurlcts I
Prote.a.". DUSClmlt
,to" the ~onf'erellC. or ABior1can.s ot Cen1i
ral"iaa'~rn
Mr.
Etao,p(lQn Pe scent
PAUL~1!OH
tu the Co.a.feronce ot AtatIJJ1"lc3.na of Cent.
ral.las\,rn !urcpean }~so.n'
Dr. WALtIiR Pt1l iltS
tor the ~Illj)rlcan ted.rat1on or Jewe ot
CGn_ra1 &.trope
LTJ~Il
SBIDmi.UAN f fJaQ.
fo., 'he Club ot
1"~11sn
Jews
ltt'. D. J. CASA1Utt.LA
t,. tbe Bulgu1an Claims Coma1tt.ae
PAlitIL A. RIPOSll.NtT
t . tbe !iumantaa Cle.1ms CQW:11ttee
Dr. llAHIO JI..
Bl~ASffICB
tor the American lugoslav Claim8 Committ•••
&D4 toJ' the Royal Xu-go.lav Arm)" Combatants
-Dr... HlhAl1ov!oh
the Ao'lnI CbaUaan, Dr .. PAUL BroBSRQS; aftu pea'.lnc
the mGllbtU", pre.en',
"quest.. tha',
bee'au.. of the absau.c. of Mr..
�YIVQ RG. 347.7.1 AJC (:PAD1)
Box 143
File 8
'fbe Cha1ntan the re.port"d brian, on. ttl1\! ol"Ittnlzet :Lona
'IAll'liCh b&4 Jo1no4 th18 Contere.nce, aM 1ntoP.'1lf)4 tll, meetine tbat th.e
Co~e ...
repr6lUltltat1ve8. of the Am\lrloan J e-rtsh
Jew1sh 00_"", AI well
a.
~.
nrnast
and. of \be Amer1c:uul
iiGi •• un, bnd Gxctl8e4
t1lom
selva, torb.1ng Ulaat.l.a "' a_ten' .'hu t&.e.'1J.tIl.
ThGl'Eullt'er, the Cba11'11o\1A prosented. a resume of the step.
take since
t~
lasi U••t.1D& aM
~$poried Oil
til• •18 U1 Wblcb tbe
aims of thi, Conter.,.. maybe achievad. .Acco%'dtng to hi. opinion,
t~8
(lo.m1tMt should
d18CU.~
the steps to b, ttikBnin order to at
tt"act; more orpn1aa\1t)u to Join the tonfGFenee t.n ita aotiGll,end
.1t sb.ou14 .1'U!"be,. be d1s.ousse4 wbether the aot1.0D should. be carrle4
o-.Dly beZore ,he
eonp...
tor a oban&a
or
le,l$liOt1oD.,cr ..he thor
the Ccnt@reJ1o$ aht'l!Ul4 W1llc-lapl ac'1on betore tneS1:\prfll1e Court
at'ack~
the UDCoutltutloDallty of dJ.1Ier1mlM.tor, provililo1'18 ottbe
'lfu elaiu Act of 1948. a. amaatle4 1n 1962 (Publl0 Law 846). 01" "he.
tap
l' _"lcl be A<1"11aab18 '0 .any
ott, both of
tbe above ec'tiOrui
s1mul~n$ou.lT.
Hr, [1.::9 •
mall
ani 10111
hld1lpon 111&
or
'he
_bera•
.~mor(Uldum
J)l'eaetltod to 'he CllaUt..
.tle exp1a1ne4 -un1- tnfJ ·4isor1m1Dat1oll
with rep114 \0 the· t1.JN of aoqu1a1t1.o.n
or
cl\iinnstUp 1s
UllCon.stltu
tloDA1.tn4 he lUol'll17 recommended tbe 1ns'ltutloA ot a 1.w n1t.
-2
�YIVO
AJD
RG 347.7.1
(FAD 1)
Box 143
a.,QlII •
118 pointe4 ftt t..~t both actions saou14 be tAken
1n ordA%' to aob1."G Rcceaa.
aarr
a~t
File 8
flo exprGssed 'be bel let that
tn.
nee_
tor te$1 and, espenaes tc'r a lelal aetion oO\\ld be eol
leoted from 01l'ptli aatlol1$ a114 indiv1duals 1nter,eati@d til afaV'Ol'able
outcome.
total of "PPJ'o:xlmately 2;,000 alaiu riled with tho Foreign Cla.1.
settlement 0om1l$1cm. for
ftJ' d&Mall'ustalmoat
Ja.'.4. bi!oaua. of lnalSglb'111tl'
or
pJ"as$c4 the op1n1on and su"Gste4
ola1-.rtta.
'J:u;~t
'h,ote4 to collect tb.e neOO!laary tunds.
_wo-th1rds wore ra
th~ero!'et
hG ex
them. claiman_. lbeuld bt' con
He oomurr84 in Dr • .f..abn'.
oplo!on'that both $otio. should be taken.
c.dil:ii ,peUGra, he clille4 ttle
ty
tfL
O'ut(l1n1n& the
Meesaary
Co:mn1tt~e' $
Govel'~'
att'ilnt1on to ttt. diff1cul
Ct>.rUlti'l' tor 1n.trtltllt1DS a
leltZl aotion r<.,tu"Cl1a.g the co nstltputloualt'y of the Aot. Thl!l.J'fd·ore.
be atliS.UJ\EJd tbat 1;bll qUt.Ul't1on should be cleared first.
ll'I.PlU,RiIIi'tl.
Htt a1. qVAsi10ned tn~ .f'eaelb1l1ty of a law sui'
'I'd'bOut Go'lorlUDOnt OOJla«n\. but ~x.p'tcu.ts~ the boliet that the neG"'"
ear? funde could be colleeted without d1rtlculty.
ot il.Ml'leana or Centbl•••'era Earopnn.
cree' etton.
ne ment1enttti
~b.e
hi. 0!'Ian1p't:1on _de 111 'be past w1'tb ,..e..r4 , . the
.xl_ulan of oUtl1b1Ut,.
1t8 suppert
o.SC6.~.d'J
a.
promised \b.at 1t will eonttnu to elva
to etll" acilo.Q 41recte4 to'ftQ.:fd tb.1. pal..
-3
�YIVQ RG' 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
. CrlM~1q in '~hG oP1nionioar1~.$~~~e:rl!ipDsanU.
a1li1 Selti.mean.
tarl'Eld toflrsi; obt.tiina· le,n:l opInion by :.in 9%p.rt
.11$
cOWJorni.q tn" inst1tru.'16l1.
:,'
or
a law IUit and,
t!l~l'e0tt01l' t
anew
"
an4 iu wblGb
..
tbGCba1ftlall am4·MF. 1l'4lyton 1!l1fult1oned t.hft
of
f.\aSt1S
,
, diet1Q£U1slUt4 .~t~he1:. ~. lffllh1,aCtt"'4lt O• C.,
':.,' "
•
',;- .'
,';'~"
,:,'
,
:',
.~
"'J" "''':
,', -:"
._.
' .
'..
no .,.
' . ' .
be(!jGkad tOf all
•
•
',lepl aat10110n the .eonstlt\lt1o~11... '
-·t1·o~·ti,.,"w~~r eJ;a~J. 'j;'., :~1j:";a4~~1bl.~1tb~' '·GO.,61!rJA4)U1i _consent •.
I&xpert op1alOlla.·tO~~
•
. "
',
.•
_
.',
.,; ',:"
ont . ' would
' , ' " :.,' ,:"
•
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.',
~_4
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_'~
"the' pto~.4ur,
. ' ,.:'
,.; ':':
"
:
,.':"
r
~
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:'
•
to ~. toll.ed, aM wat the tees"
'~~ .i~.1 $.~~ol.',i·~4·;~aount "to, tilo··Coi$d.ttM
..
~.
'.
.•.• "
'" .
i.::'
, obtain an
"
-#, ~ "
unanJ.»ttOUS17·
"
'
.Q~~\O~iJil~·"·"'t.t11~ot,~ 'i••.&U1~ attac};1ne
tb,U
, sn4vmmt b18
Qct1n3 ..
"
f~ ~'on'tio'an'att01'u.i1llw~sh1ngton 1.n. oit1~r to
eonet1tut1~i1"y of
'lttuJth~r
,,'
,
"tne 'War Clut_ t.e',
~ttor.i'~l. ::JdlltDC
and to obtain intoraat'1Ofl
to 40 80- and 'f.1f4der, What
te~,~:~~"i~1~~1~~~t"'il~1i
'~"'L~.)'··I"'-'f"
...
:~:.
"
~
condl,'1ona,
tl1eburaemant$ ten
at~.~~:,.~~ .~~l~\ ,. .
.\ a.An.
tlle
. ......'
~
hav1J:ll obta:tned ttl1. lnfor_t1onttoc~U
~
_, .... ..
:'." ..
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t.,,~'
new .e'1n& a1i wb10h thtranher·cGttr,e
.
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.
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,
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,
-.-~
':.,,:,.,:'
..-.".
.
_
"
II
,
action 1s to be doeld&d.
�YIVO
RG 347, 7 .' 1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
s. 1935
89TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MAY 10,1965
:Mr. SPARKMAN (by request) illtroduced the following bill; which was read twice'
and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
A BILL
To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as
amended, to provide for the timely determination of certain
claims of American nationals settled by the United States
Polish Claims Agreement of JUly 16, 1960, and for othel'
purposes.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa
2
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3
That the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as
4
amended, is further amended as follows:
5
(1) Subsection (f) of section 4, title I" is herehy
6 amended to read as follows:
7
"(f) No remuneration on account' of services 'rendered
"
'
8 .on behalf of any claimant in connection with any claim filed
II "
�YVIO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
81)1'11
CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
5.2064
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JUNE 1,1965
Mr. MORSE introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred •
to the Committee on Foreign Relations
A BILL
To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as
amended, relative to the return of certain alien property
interests.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep1'escnta
2
t'ives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 That the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as
4 amended, is further amended by adding section 216 at. t.he
5 end of title 11 t.hereof, as follows:
6
"SEC. 216. (a ) Notwithstanding any other prOVISIOn
7 of this Act or any provision of the Trading With the Enemy
8 Act, as amended, any person
9
10
" (1) .who was formerly a national of Bulgaria,
Hungary, or Rumania, and
II
File 8
�YIVO @-§ 3 4iZ.d,:.1:
Am Jwsh Cmtee'
: /' . ' . ,
( \ If:-=
CONFERENCE OF AMERICANS
(FAD 1)
OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN DESCENT
lOth Floor
"'CiUii lIID8'lIIllK. . . .
29
w.
,,===-_
Box 143
File 8
57 St., N.Y., N.Y. 10019
Member Organi:ution&.
June 30, 1964
ALBANIAN AMERICAN
LITERARY SOCIETY
AMERICAN BULGARIAN
LEAGUE
CZECHOSLOVAK NATIONAL
COUNCIL OF AMERICA
~":';
.
ESTONIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
IN THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA
Gentlemen:
AMERICAN HUNGARIAN
FEDERATION
AMERICAN LATVIAN
ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN LITHUANIAN
COUNCIL
POLISH AMERICAN
CONGRESS
ROMANIAN AMERICAN
NATIONAL COMMITTEE
UKRAINIAN CONGRESS
COMMITTEE OF AMERICA
We refer to the conference held at the office of
Paul Neuberger, Esq., 16 West 46 Street, New York,
N.Y., on May 26,1964, attended by representatives
of the following organizations:
American Jewish Committee
American Jewish Congress
Association of Yugoslav Jews in the U.S.
Associationaf Royal Yugoslav Army Ex-Combattants
Draja Mihailovich
American Yugoslav Claims Committee
American Federation of Jews from Central Europe
American Federation of Jews from Austria
Association of Former European Jurists
Conference of Americans of Central and Eastern
European Descent
You undoubtedly know that the War Claims Act of 1948
was amended by Public Law No. 87-846 on Oct. 22,1962.
Pursuant to this amendment compensation for World War
II losses sustained by nationals of the United States
was regulated. Claims thereunder can be filed only by
persons who were United States citizens at the time
the damage occurred.
As the war damage relates to the period from Sept.l,1939
to May 8, 1945, the vast majority of United States
citizens who suffered war damages would be excluded from
receiving compensation.
This provision (£ the War Claims Act which had been re
tained upon the insistence o·f the Administra. tion" con
tinues a policy discriminating between American cit
izens in the distribution of domestic funds, such dis
tribution being directed by domestic legislation.
�Page 2
YIVO RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File 8
On the basis of the Bonn Convention which became effective on
MaY 5, 1955, the German vlar Claims Fund became a domestic fund,
as Germany waived any rights to these funds and consented to the
use thereof for the compensation of war claims, without any re
striction.
The distribution of these funds itself was subj ect to congres
sional legislation.
These facts indicate clearly that Congress is not bound to any
restrictions in deciding on the distribution of these funds.
Public Law No. 87-846 in fact discriminates between two groups
of American citizens with regard to their date of naturalization.
Just recently, on MaY 18th, the Supreme Court handed down the
decision in the case of Schneider v. Rusk dealing with the ex
patriation provision of the Nationality Act and expressly stated:
"We start from the premise that the rights of cdtizenship
of the native born and of the naturalized person are of
the same dignity and are co-extensive ••••• the naturalized
citizen ••••• becomes a member of the society, possessing
all the rights of a native citizen, and standing, in view
of the Constitution, on the footing of a native ••••• "
It is imperative that all organizations representing minorities
or such groups of claimants which are excluded because of late
citizenship from compensation of their just claims for war dam
ages, participate in an action for the passage of an amendment
to the liar Claims Act of 1948, extending the eligibility to claim
to all those who were citizens of the United States at the time
of the passage of the Law, or, at least, at the time of the Bonn
Convention, i.e., MaY 5, 1955.
We wish to direct your attention to Conference Report No. 2513
Of the joint House and Senate Conference, in which the Senate
receded from its request for extension of eligibility with the
understanding that:
in the event there remains a b al anc e in the war
claims fund atter the payment in full of claims pro
vided for under this bill, consideration would be given
to legislation providing for p~ent to these categories
of persons. The Committee of Conference recommends that
the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission should proceed
to make an estimate of the amount of claims that would be
involved in these amendments."
.
11 • • • ••
It is, therefore, advisable that all those not eligible under
the present law were to file their claims with the Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission prior to July 15, 1964.
�YIVO
Page 3
RG 347.7.1
(FAD 1)
Am Jwsh em tee
Box 143;·
File 8
General Aniline &
We wish to add that after the sale of the
Film
Corporation, a very substantial fund will be available for dis
tribution amounting to several hundred millions of dollars, which
may be sufficient to satisfy claims of all claimants without dis
crimination. We are enclosing notes containing short additional
arguments against the policy persistantly pursued by the Depart
ment of State with regard to the distribution of funds being dis
tributed in this country on the basis of domestic legislation.
On the basis of the aforesaid, we are inviting all organizations
to form a. Co-ordinating Committee which would jointly undertake
all steps in order to protect the claimants who are being dis
criminated against by Public Law No. 87-846.
.
We sincerely hope that all the organiZations whose representatives
attended the previous meetings will promptly agree to a joint ac
tion. The action contemplated is the following:
1. To approach all members of the House and Senate
Committees on Interstate and Foreign Commerce,
the Committees on the Judiciary, and on Foreign
Affairs and Relations, respectively;
2. To try to publicize this action, particularly
with regard to the recently issued decision of
the Supreme Court, declaring the Act of Congress
discriminating between naturalized and native
citizens to be unconstitutional.
This action should be carried out by the newly formed Co-ordin
ating Committee as well as by individual claimants upon the
advice of the participating organization to Which they belong.•
Awaiting your early reply, we. remain
Sincerely yours,
CONFERENCE OF AMERICANS OF CENTRAL AND
EAST1 EUROPEAN DESC~N'1'
'u{i;{{L"" ~~It.. ~
• Vratislav Busek
/I~
Chairman, Claims
We agree to join this action
Committee
I
GOSLAV CLAIMS COMMITTEE
Dr.Ranko M.Brash1ch,Secre
Dr. Paul Neuberger
Bon. Chairman
�YIVO RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD
OUTLINE OF SOME ADDITIONAL ARGUMENTS
NOT INCLUDED IN T£m LETT£.!H
-----
1)
Box
143
File 8
Attch. 6/30/64
(1) The German War Claims Fund cannot be subject to inter
national law as it represents domestic funds vested in the
United states Government and released by the Bonn Convention,
which became effective May;, 19;;, and according to which .
Germany consented that the assets vested in the United states
should be used for compensation of War claims and renounced any
rights to these funds against the assurance of the United states
and the three Allied Powers that they will at no time assert any
claims for reparation against the current production of the German
Federal Republic. Consequently, as the distribution of these
funds are subject to domestic legislation, any discrimination
with regard to the date of the citizenship of the claimants should
be considered unconstitutional.
It is also a question of justice and equity that the
United States Government, releasing the German Government of war
damage claims by the Bonn Convention, and so depriving also those
American citizens who were not citizens at the time when the
damage occurred of any right to claim compensation for war damages
from Germany, is obliged to compensate its citizens for these war
damages.
(2) The application of the alleged Rule of International Law,
according to which a country cannot espouse the claim of a person
who is not its citizen, because by itself already obsolete in
view, of all the situations created through the events during and
after World War II. But even if this Rule can be fully applied,
it would refer to the espousal of a claim before a foreign govern
ment but not to the distribution of lump sum compensation funds
which a foreign country pays to the United states. The best evi
dence is that many countries, who cannot be considered as having
the intention to violate the prinCiples of international law, in
their legislation or in their executive agreements, did not apply
this alleged principle of international law. Thus, for example,
the British Foreign Compensation Orders-in-Council of 1949-1950,
issued on the basis of the Jxecutive agreements with Czechoslovakia
and Yugoslavia under which the citizenship requirement is not the
date of taking, but the date of the order or agreement. The same
holds true for the agreements between Czechoslovakia and Belgium,
and Czechoslovakia and Luxembour g of September 19;2, and Norway
of June 19;4J and the claims setti ements of Yugos18v1a with Greece
of June 18, 19;9, and with Denmark on July 13, 19;9, and finally
the Government of France dealing with claims of Nazi victims with
its Decree of August 29, 1961 all of which allow claims of
nationalized citizens, regardiess of citizenship at the time of
10S8, requiring only citizenship on the date of the respective
agreements or enactment of the legislation.
�YIVO
AJC
RG 347.7.1
(FAD 1)
Box 143
Attch.
File 8
6/30/64
Finally, we wish to refer to the opinion expressed in
the United Nations l which in its Codification Division of the
Office of Legal Afrairs, in Article 23 of the draft convention
on espousal of claims and continuing nationality, stated (even
in cases where there are no domestic funds or legislation in
volved) that It • • • the state is not precluded from presenting
a claim on behalf of a person by reason of the fact that the
person became a national of the State subsequent to the injury."
(3) The Congress of the United States, in Public Law 604-85
with regard to the distribution of Italian claims funds, extended
the eligibility to those who were Citizens up to August 9, 1955,
and not at the time when the damage occurred.
One ot the reasons for this extension ot eligibility
at that time was mentioned the sufficiency of funds available
(we wish to point out that the German War Claims Fund ~ill prob
ably amount to several hundred million dollars). Considering
the equal rights ot all citizens to the funds to be distributed,
the amount of the fund should not be decisive for discriminating
be~Neen two groups of citizens.
As an illustration of how the
Department of state tries even to exclUde the argument ot the
sufficiency of funds we wish to mention that it submitted to
Congress a Bill S-94~ by which the undistributed balance ot the
Italian Claims Fund should not be used for those who were pre
viously not admitted to distribution but should be turned over
to the War Claims Fund. This policy of the administration should
be corrected by Congress, with appropriate legislation in order
to make it impossible to discriminate among American citizens.
The former Assistant Secretary of State Brooks Hay gave proper
expression of this necessity in a statement where he saidl
tiThe plight of the new American citizens who cannot turn
to their former government for relief because they have
become Americans, and who are denied relief by the
United States because they were once aliens, DESERVES
IMMEDIATE CORRECTION BY THE CONGRESS.1t
-2
�i
YIVO RG 34'7.7.1
Am Jwsh,Cmtee
:(FAD 1) , " , , '
x
•
!",
I,'" - [ ..
Box 143
File 8
THE A11ERICAN JEiJISH cm1I'UTTEE
165 E. 56 St., New York City
July 17, 1963
SENATOR OLIN JOHNSTON, Clli~IRMAN
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADING wITH THE EN~1Y
CO~~ITTEE OF THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE
\.JASiiINGTON 25, D. C.
ON BEHALF 0]' THE AHE?.ICAN JE\-/ISH COI1l'lITTEE I'lAY 'liE UilGE THAT YOUR
COMf1ITTEE FAVORA.BLY CONSIDER PROI'03ED .tU1EHDMENTS (5.987) TC THE lvfilR
CLAII'lS ACT OF' 1948, AS .i!u"1EHDED, SUBi1ITTED BY I'lli. Ji~VITS, l?ROVIDING FOIt.
COM.FENSATION TO liliFUGEES \.JilO BEe.Al'1E CITIZEZTS OF THE UiC::Ti::D :;:)1~":.(rES A.F·rER
LOSSES \JERE I NCUR...lZED •
THE PROI'OSI.L WOULD IBI10VE TRA.CES OF SECOND-CLASS Oli nr}!"'E2i.IOH BIGHTS
Ii'ROn AI"lE1GCANS ·~.JHO SUFfERED INJUHY, DEi!..TB., on LO::i:;:; OF
UNDER A HOSTILE REGli'1.E li.ND LATER AS.GUIi2:D l l illS }YULL DUTIES
.Al~D OBLIGj~TIGH3 OF' UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP.
DISTIHCTIONS BE'r';JEEN
AI1EIUCANS Bri.2.ED ON THE Dr_TE OF CITIZEt'iSHIP IS ABHORRENT TO OUE DEi'lGCHATIC
TRADITIONS. EVEN EUHOFEAN COUNTHIES 'I/HICH HAVE ADOFTED \':j~B CLi~Il''L8 PIWGRJ'j'lS
IN BEH.AL]' OF THEIR NATIONL.LS H.Z1.VE REJ:E~CTED SUCH CONCEFT~} ,,::3JJ K1.VE i.DOPTED
LEGISLATION ~:HICH INCLUDES. CLI.. IIl1lNTS H.AVING CITIZENSHIP AT THE TIi'E OF THE
ElfACTl'"1ENT or HiJCH Lil.~:O, iviTHER THAN AT TUIE OF LOSS.
THE lJ1ERICAN JEWISH COlllJIITTEE THEREFORE RESPECTFLJLLY liEGES T.H.t:~T
PROMPT LEGISLATIVE .ACTION BE TAKEi~ TO APPROVE S. 987.
0]\ CITIZENSHli:'
PHOPERTY~.JHILE
A.M. SONNABEUD, .fRESIDENT
JOHI~ SLAWSON,
c.c . T.s
fl''') 5 '~l·"~ . .J
"','
, ....
t,
~
EXECUrrIVE VICE
I;HESIDENT
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(FAD 1)
Box 143
File *
July 17, 196;
Dear Senator Javits:
I take pleasure in enclosing a copy of the
telegram sent to Senator Olin Johnston today.
Sincerely yours,
Simon Segal
Director
Foreign Affairs Department
The Honorable Jacob Javits
United States Senate
Washington, D.C.
SS/a
Enclosure
�r:. "'-Y\
I
YIVO
/
RG 347. 7 • 1
Am JWsly' qmtee
Senator OlIn Johneton
Chat'man Subcomm1 ttee on the
Trading WI th the En8m.7 Act
Washlngton, D. C.
(FAD
/
,1
/1
/1
l¥L /-1-1 ,,/"\;-
BO~.,'s-t )
•
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ilL."
I
F]. e,'
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.
r
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j
L
Dear Senatora
I am lubmltting a statement 1n support of Senator Javlte
Bill S 'is,
and the Supplemental v1ew ot Senators Kenneth Keating,
Hart and Carroll expressed In report 1934, 86th Congress, Seoond
8•••10n ooncerning eligibility of claimant. QPpo.lng the restrictive
po1107 a. provided 10 Seotion 202/204 at PL 67-846.
.
I am confldent ahat my statement wlll glve you new conclusIve
enabling to keep JOur promise to help when you can to
re-apprslBe the discriminatory U.S.A. ClaIms Settlement pollcy, whioh
10 ~. very words or for.merA.8Iatant Secre_Ar1 ot State Brooke Jlayea,
Into~atlOD
"deserve. immediate oorrection by Congress".
-
I Bball be verl grateful if you would ask me to provide you
perlonall,. any add! tional in forma tion.
Respectfully,
Paul Dayton
---~-------~-~--------~----------~---------------------------------
STATEt4EBT
In order to establish justice in U.S. Claims Settlement
polici, APPROPRIA'fE ;UFnDt'~T TO n FCENTLY ErlACTED OERNAN Cr.AIf':~S
P.L. 61-846 SECTION 202-204 TO INCLUDE FULLY AND &:(UALLY ALL CI'rlZEl~S
NA'rt1RALIZED PRIOR TO HAY $, 1955 (DATE OF RA,!'IFICATION 0.1:" 'rUE BONN
CONVENTION) OR IN ALTFllNATlVE SINlLAR WITH
nm:
PROVISION OF EI,IUIBILITY
D,'l'ENSION IN U.S.A. - JAPAN ARBI'XRATIOII CO.nHISSION PROCEDURF,s REGitRDING
WAR CLAIMS, 16 MON'tHS Al'TER 'RiB DATE OIt" THE COflVliliTION.
In the Bonn Convention whIch becnme et.feotlve 1'1ay $, 195'5,
the USA agreed together with the tnree Allied Powers
./
"... that they w11l at no time assert any oluims for repa
ration aga1n8t the cmrrent production ot the Federal Republic,"
Germany consented that the German vested assots should be used
instead tor oompensation of War Claims.
and
Common sense, moral, and Consti tutlonnl American a tandarc1a,
there:fore, require that the USA compensates all persons atfected by
tha t wa1 Vel' to a asert ol:l1m righ ta.
However, 80 called "junior" citIzen
"who beomne no. tlonal.s subsequent to suf£ering"
PJ'operty 1088e8 and other injuries in oonsequence 01' \-/ar or Nazi Acta
are excluded tl'om the benefit o£ tho lnv,due to a questlonabl.e rul,.
ot international law.
r!
Ii";'
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC
(FAD 1)
-2
Box 143
File 8
This Situation,
"d•••rves tmmediate oorrection,"
Congratulating former Assistant Secret'ar,. Brooks Hayes, to
'
the poataoriptwD ofb1_ letter on July 21, 1961 to Senator Alan Bible,
I quot••
liThe p11ght ot the new Americm 01 tl£enswho cannot tum to
their former government tor relief beoauso they have became
Americans, and who Bre denied reliet by the United States
beoan.. they were once allen_, DESERVES IMMEDIATE OOR
RECTION BY THE OONGRESS."
}fan,. are awed whenintemational law il invoked. But this
term is an 1nexn.ct exprelslon, m1sleading 1f that i8 not kep t 1n mind.
The rule. ot dealings with international relations are not at all law.
"h
;(,' ,-~,,,
That obsolete rulesot international . law. efa. valid ones,
should not impres8 Coneres8 in the purely domestic matter ot distri
bution of Olaims Settlement tunds wa.~) adm1 tted by the state Depart
ment in the hearlng. May 29, 1959.
"Certainl;y the Congre8s is at liberty to pass legi31o.tion
that would include them (new citizens) lr it wishe8. There
18 DO prinoiple that prohlbi ta the Congress from doing it
if 1 t Vilh•• , •• "
'
In api te ot that, t he State Department aga.in and agnin
intormed Congres8 that international law 'precludea"protection of
claim8 ot the new d1tizen, wrongly interpretating the Bka rule of
diplomatiC espousal ot bygone daY8, inoorrectly defined 1n the changed
8ituation ot our t1n1e and confusedly applying 1 t to the purely
domestio mattel' ot distribution of Cla:lJns Settle:r;ent tunds. This
caused that the following statement does not accord wIth tact.:
"The policy ••• rests upon the universally acoepted prinolple
ot international law that a atate does not have the right to ask
another state to pay compensation to it tor loases or damages 8u8
ta1ned by persona who were not its cit1zentIJ at the time ot 108s or
damage."--State Department's letter - August 8, 1961, signed by by
ASSistant Secretary at State, Brooke Ha78 to tbe Committee on Inter
state and ForeIgn Commeroe.
Suoh incorrect statements an~;mpl~te inrorroation on practice,
prinolples or rul88 at diplomatio espousal/invoking international law
principles tor application in the praotice ot muniCipal matters
impressed Oongres8,and It 18 not astonishing that Senator Johnston
stated 1n the hearing. June 18, 1959, that the Junior Cltlze.n.,
"have to got relier from the country where they eo.rne trom
•••• we will h.elp it we can} we cannot cl:u:mge international
lawJ that i8 Where we are stopped rIght there."
Obviouslr. nothing that is wrong in principle or in definition
of an obaolete international rule .can be right when applied in the
practice ot municipal law.
.
It i8 evidenced bJ the tollow1.ng, that international law i .
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
(AJC (FAD1)
-3
no bar to the proteotion ot clalu at
Box 143
Fil'e 8
tt junior" 01 tlzen~.:_,.," (
A state not only 1s not precluded to present ft clnlm ot a
new oi tlzen, but the USA ONLY DOES HAVE 'ffiERIGHT to ask tor com
pensation.
In July 1961, at .U18 8uag~etlon ot the Coditication Division
ot the Ottlce ot Legal Attalra ot the United Natians Se~retBrlat.,
the H8lr~ard taw School acreed to ravine Prof. E. M. BorChard 1929
draft Convention on ~he relevant matter ot protection of claims or
naturalized oitizen. 1he draft was prepared by the very learned
Harvard Professors, Loui. B. Sohn nod R. R. Baxter with ~le help
ot • distinguished Advisory Corrnlttee of em1nent professors an.d
1• ..".ors ot Intematlonal law, inoluding Judge Ph1lip O. Jessup ot
the Intemational Court ot Justioe. Artiole 23 ot the Dra.ft Con
vention on Espousal ot Ola1ms and Oontinuing Nat1onalIty'contains
the tollowkng Paragraph 61
"~tate
hR8 th8 r1ght to present or maintain a olaim an
behalf 01' a person only While that per8Qn i8 a national
of the t State. A .'tat!! shall not be p.rC)~u.d~a 1'1.'01'1
ure,ent,ns a claim on behalt ot a person by reason 01'
the faot that that a Gl"Jl91L be9iiY11! a na~~gnal ot Ji1l a :t.. ata,~§
gyb.tQuen1i to the 1njul x. "
..
,
i
It 1. a180 inoonceivable that a properly Infozmed Congress
would have aoo~pted the reatrictive provisions ot Sect. 202 RQd 204
ot P.t.87-846 it pre.ented wIth a true picture of the changlng trenda
in the tield of practise ot nalrn Settlement Agreements and War
Olalm. Legislation 10 otner co~le••
'lbe agreementa between Belgium and Luxembourg,
~lcptember
19.52
Norwar •••••••••••••••• June 9, 19$4
wi th CzechoslOVakia.
Greece •••••••••••••••• June lB. 1959
Denmark •.••••••••••••• July 13. 1959
with Yugoslavia.
The Britiah Foreign Compensation Order-in-Council cono~rnlng
nationalization olQta. 1n CzeChoslovakia, and concerning debt olaims
In Yugoslavia,
The Deoree No. 61-911 or August 29, 1961 or the
clrdJl1S ror Nazi Victims,
ot Franco, dealing with
Gov~~lment
All these agreements or legislatlon allow ola1ms of all
1 t8 naturalized 01 tizons rega.rdless of i'onner 01 tizenship eta1:us at
the date of 1088 or c1aimanta who are oitlzens at the date of signa
ture at agreements and/or enaotll1ont ot legislation.
lilt 18 noted." further by 'the U.S. War Claims COlrlnlss10n that
"In the war damage compensation laws ot Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Oanada, Denmark, France, Malaya, Malta, the f:Jetherll.l.nds, Norway,
Switzerland, Thailand, Un1ted Kingdom. that the nationalIties are
immaterial in determlng ellg1bll1 ty or clalrnnints." Ot11el· countries
might be added aa Swetien with Japan, Ee}Pt with 1111g1ond. and o\thers.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
AJC {FAD l}
Box 143
File 8
-4
<T;"i.-;, (/
Moreover, lnternatlon~l law as reflected from the practice.
or the USA-Japanese Compensation. Arbttration Commi.slon, whIch im
plemented the Allied Powers Treaty Lav, provide. for certaIn, "junior"
oit1sum olalms, that the cla1mB have to b. tiled
"through the State to Whioh he (the t new'cItlzcm) belongs
vi thin 18 months from coming into tor08 ot tb.. 'eace Treaty_"
T.bererore, it 1s olarifled that
1.
Under lnternat10nal law, thertn• ..," oitizen
-who beoame national 8ubsequent to injuJl'f"
hu a valid tnt.rna_1onal ola1m.
However, although admitting in the Bous. Hearing., Augaat 6, 19.$9,
the late Mr. Englillh 8&1d,
"the distribution of funds 1s a matter of domest1c p6lioy
and not a matter ot International Law at "all••• " Congre••
has the power to distrIbute that funds as they sae fIt,"
but "that the State Department 18 aimply following poltoy
Mb10h Oongr.ss Itself baa tollowed up to the present time."
This alone proves the vIcious circle ~11ch perpetuates wrong and
whioh continue. when Mr., English coot.ended that
"Congre.8 might take into account who has valId
under International Law, and who doe8 not."
olo1~8
The State Department spokesmen Bupplemented such tae8tion
able informs tion, 88 tollows *
don't
. .
"I/think such persona , new" 01 tlzena" should be put on s~e
foot!n," wIth the senior cla8s of oitizen and. asserting,
.
"In other words, to pennit indivIduals who were not nationals
at the tIme theIr.claims arose to share in a tWld which 18
luad.quat. to pay the cla1maot indivIduals who we1"e nationals
when their claims arose 18, 1n cftect, to take away fund.
trom tbe latter group ot olaimants who have valid 1nternat
ional olaims and to divert them to pay the t 01"11181" group 01'
olaimant. who do not have valId international olaims."
.,J
_
. Deprived of the cloak ot internati onal law interprets.tIon,
this statement i8 aeen in its true nakedness of brutal injustioe.
It Is shear disorimination against many Americana, not national 1n
origin.
What hoa 1nadequacy or adequacy of funds to do with creating
justlegislatlan? Aooording to the preamble of the ConstitutIon, tne
purpose at law in the USA still 18 to estab11sh justioe, and the
Supreme Oourt ordered:
I.
"A naturalized oitizen beoomes B member of sooiety,
posse'8ing all the rights of a native c1tizen and
.tanding In the view 01' the ConstitutIon on tho too~M
ot a nB tiye. "
.
�YIVO
RG 347.7.1
(AJC FAD 1)
-,
,J
Box 143
Equal treatment bf.u,"oz"e ·the law
people shauld. not be denied by Oongre.s.
a~
. File 8
a l*ii)i.lt retained by the
Subjeotl0 trablt prot.et10
Pro\eotio aubjootlonen
Thia diotum ot Oommon· Law, that same d utiea OElll tor same protectlon,
.aregu~ an. anolent but living right Which should not be disparaged.
.,.)1.;./
'lb. new c1 tlt1en wo came to this 0 ount17' be.fore, 4>1' during
the war, were IUbJect to all 01 tlzenshlp dut1es and bY' willingne88
to aooept draft oarde gavo evidenoe 01' their allegienoe to the
Un1 ted Statel.· l1an,. of tbe-so tfneW'~' c1t1zelll becar:-te USA 801dtore.
The "junior" oitizen. including peltsona who came to the United States
until the1 t1me a1d was t~1V6U, to German,. oaw1ed the equal tax
burden resulting trOlIl this aid. These persous 8u!'fored rf.totnl.
r.l..1;z..t~8 ot' pol! tIcal jHtt'88out1on, .. or Ind'l"''',rl1d under aonsfltqunnc8S
or llay,' and/or have buon enemies o£ OU1" enemy. and loot but not
least, 1 t concern8 prls rmers. ofwnr of Allied nnd a~socia ted powere,
(sold1ers) who tought for our Cor.unon cause.
ll.'hol'etQre,"tlte plight oi' tho new citizen deserves iIlllllediate
eorreotlon by Oongress."
"d~,"""i'"
~ .."
1
. /,
/
..
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
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Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Restitution Law--France [3]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-restitution-law-france-3
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/e3f7b47146e02b3e8818fa7efd9ac0b6.pdf
164ff6e644bcb2328ea35e12d4ad17be
PDF Text
Text
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RG 347.17.10
Box 275
File 49-60 ,
M 1M 0 R' A .If
PU K
William Fftulkal.
To,
Prom. 'Foreign :\ttafra Depa1"'tmcmt
Subjeot. ' .ReaGrV'Od
Pov01'8
on Restitution '111
In punruanoa ot ov"~
, tioD. ahonld be added!
' '
.
~"
ot Janu.0.J'710, va teel that the following inf'oma
"
'
,
Quite'recently, Mr. Rubin ot the ArlO aud Messrs • .Roek and Jacobson of the JDC had
informal contaot vith a niunbBr of If\fOrld.nS ,levela people 1!l the Departnent ot State.
'l'hq vera asSUl"8d t.~t there 1s l'lO'deo1sion on the question' ot turning over 8utho1'1V
in this :field to the Ger!r.ana, and that davelopmontB on restitution haft det1dLel,y "1Qt
roached. a utage which would, make it tinal that th4a reavvad pavers would be abandoned.
As a matter ot tactt oDly geI101'al consideration baa a 7Ut been given b:I tho Tripartite
Committoe in lAndon to restitution, althOugh, undouhtecll¥, spaoit1o disous"ionJJ..,. ,
atart on the aubj oot; at least in the!'Jtate '~t !D the not distant, tut-ura.
"
OUr spokesmen were also a:Jeu:red that' the Dapartm.mri' oontinued to be devoted 'to
the principles ot reatlt'utlon, and would not be 11kel7, 1n the torthoom1 ng diaousaiona,
to tum ita baok on those pr:!.nc1plea. Ne~t'" teel that oomplic;ationa and. '
disagreements lIIq' arise at leut-at the ~partlte l.e'n\l., ait4 tho result IDIi1' be that,
the Allled Powers vould leel t.bat the c~ 1nto .treat ot thaD. -principlos" mq
be safe17 entl'WJted to the Germans, with onl.7 minimal or nominal. maoh1ner:r of restraint
or supervision on the pari ot the Alliss. CIrt1~, the:rcatore, it v1ll be neceasar,y'
tor the Jewish organiationa here to P\1t 1D their oautionblg vord 1n time, arid, tor
tb1a r888O.1;l:t .... believe that the discussion vJ.th Hr. Webb, IIl8DUonad in our l.arst
memorand:um, should take 'Place as p1.a11lled.
"
u Ie u a Washington is ooncOl'!led, there does not appear to 'be, tm:y Intention
to Ud1tah" restitution, and 8ftl'l 1n the 'Wl!et aase 0I!l the tripartJ:te 1eval., w . . .
,to be able to count on Amerioan fJ11prOrt to the vorJd.Ds aut ot acme appropriate sub
stitute ~.I.t nothing else, the v.tBit to 14r. Vebb should open tho VB7 tor ,
us to the presentation of our v:S.ewa vhell the fortboomS.ng apeoit1o disoussiona
-
Ell aha
OCta
Paria otfice
.tart.
�~~&z:2B$?~~::2~:f&!§~;~=~'::~~:::::~~"'!~!:=~:~~S:'~~:~~:~'~=:~:'~:E~:~r~Sr:-~~f:?:'~·F~'::~"5~~'i(;~·?j{~7?~:icT!:;r::::::~~:~"''':.'''.>''''~.-<'''''"o, '" ".'.., .
·-.A;J"cr"':'·':",:':"'";';'·,-~","
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RG 3 47 • 17. 10
Box 275"
"File, 49-60
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August,
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FrOm.
Subject1
Justlee Charl••
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27, 19S1
9reitAl "
" Edw1n ~. Lukas"
Court
or R.stitution
Appeal. (Oe:!a&)
"The Amer1catl Jft1ah COlllt!:l1ttee, .e I told Tau. lr:1.dq, 1s rltallJr1n~.re.,ted ill
an lIaport.wlt development which appeu8 to be t.ald.Dg place in " QeI'll6Dy under the
program or propertv reat1tut1-.
,onow1Dc oar dl8Ctlsa1OD,
-.ben '1: called on
" 10\1 to enlist "your .aslstanc.e in aTertin& what appears to us to be an impending
disaster to that pl'~ram, you. Stlggested th.1t I .end Yf'N. thla "memorandum which
provides background material in "the e1tuatioa.
"
"
For a rull d.scrlptloa or the threat involved, la. attaching bertlll'tth A" recently
prepared SWI1l!'.&l'1' or the problem, a .blnar docuJsmt, I anderatand, ls, ~eo boing
distributed among a oarerunT chosen few . . .are ot OCmgrea•• 'rraa thie" IIQisrtIa17,
, ' 10U will note that t.he problem I"evol.,.s pr1Mr1lT al"OW1d the COQrt or
" RasUtutlon AppealD, WhOS8 ini'luence haa heaD. trJ.delT eredit.ed tor whatever 111
, 'plamantaUon or the' P8st1 tUtico. prograa _ .thus tar talc- place and wh1ch 18
now threatened with & basic rev_pin, that app.an certa1Dto deet.1"'01' or HVel'i.y,
.oripple the whole program.
Apart troa other reasons, the approaoh 01 the State Department toth18matter
appears to be pC"Ucularly incompNb.enslbl. 1n v1_ ot the sMIling lack or
assurance that the Ge~~n leaders will insist OD suchdrast1ocbange8, ahoald the
AUle. themselves not otfer them. Aa a matter at tact, 80118 reo8l;lt conYer.aU_.
by representatives or the American Jar1Bll OOll!l11tte. rtalUnc in Oe1'l'Wl1 would . . .
to indicate that the precis. oppon te 18 the ca•••·,
'
Oft.
The program ot property restitutlon, little a. lt. 18, peprescts'
or the tew
..veau •• or redress which were, made available ~ the J8w1sh vicU. or Hasi-. To,
bav. even thie lladted measUre now threatened 'with destruotion is ~fleth1ng to which
the Jnieh groups cannot stand 1dlT by.'lhe matter 1. indeed one ot most vital
oonoem to them.
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RG 3 47,.1J .10
B0X ':275
,
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•
HEADQUARTERS
• JEWISH RESTITUTION SUCCEsSOR ORGANIZATION
ARl 696A
'
U.S.ARMY
14 July ,1950
Dr. Philipp Auerbach, President
:B8¥eri sohe £I' Landese nt s o.baed1gungsaIllt
11 AroiBstrasse
Munich 2
Deqr Dr. Auerbach:
I have ,received a copy of the minutes of your meeting on 5 Juq 1950 with
several German law;yers to diSCIlS8 the merits of the JRfDta claim 8S e.ga.inst
other Jewish claimants who failed to filS their claime on time. I am grate
ful for your considera.tion in keeping Us inf(')rmed. aooutthia meeting., I have
also' received your invi tqtion for Ilnother meeting, ~h1s month With the, same
group in order to discuss the same ~r(')blem.
Aside from yourself SJ.nd Dr. SSJ.chs nn4' the lVl1Iles of two of the remainiDg
~re famil1rtr to me. One of them iaDr. Schilt of Nuernberg who was'
defense counsel in the wSJ.r crime 8 proaecutinn 8,gldnst the ICl'1!lpp mni tiona firm
,Slnd who is now one nf the le'l.ding figures in tm Protective Society for Resti
tutnrs in Nuernberg. The other is Dr. Aachenauer of Munich, who is undDubtedq
the same Rudolf' Aschenauer w:ho served as defense counsel for SS-General Ohlen
dorf, the ol"lnfessed murderer of' 90,000 Jews. Ynu may recall the.t I was the
Chief Prosecutor in the Ohlendorf case and that Ohlendorf is still under death
sentence in Landsberg SJ.lont with 13 other colleague s for the murder of more,
than a million Jews. It oame ae quite a surpriSe to nie to learn that Dr.
Schilf and Dr. A;achenauer were interested in protecting the right s of Jewish
cl.t:!.im8nts who fSJ.1led to file their olg,ims on time.
6 lstwyers
,
.
know, nur Executive Cnmrni ttee has oareful~ 'considered this problem
and has worked out an elabor'l.te procedure in order to assure tha.t a just result
As you
is reached in every case. I think thllt our Executive Commit tee is in a much
better positio~ to decide wh~t is fair for Jewish claimants and what is in
the best Jewish interest then the gentlemen attencl.1ng your meeting. For that
reason I ca.li see no purpose or advantage to be' gained by JIi" joining such dis
cussions. The JRSO will therefore not be represented at any such meeting.
Sincerel¥ youre,
:BENJAMIN':B • FERENCZ
Direotor General
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27S""
Dr. Siaw60n
AJC
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FROM:
Dr.H.~
RE:
Restitution in Germany
RG
. Box 275
no file given
(strictly Confidential)
l
On September 29, two contradictory reports reached the five orgariizations
from Germany on the present status of the restitution issue in Germany.
A cablegram received from Judge Lew1nthal reported· from Nuremberg that
since the effort of reaching inteHllied agreement' by October 1 "seemed hope
less, It General Clay reluctantly, and against his better judgment, promised
unilateral enactment in the U. S. Zone. '.B·e expressed the opinion tb4t
public opinion in the United States will not-support the Jewish position 'on
points of difference." With regard to these apprehensions, the cable alluded
to the need that "enthusiastic favorable reaction follow the announcement"
of the one-sided enactment. Our justified assumption VIaS that unilateral
enactment ~eant the enactment of the American draft approved by us.
A few hours later, Mr. Irving Mason reported over the phone' from Berlin,
on the basis of an interview with General Clay, held on September 27. The
initial part of Mason's report tallies, as far as the Generalis "reluctant
willingness" to enact goes, with Judge Levinthal's' message, but subsequently
the report makes it clear that by the 29th no final actual decision to enact
unilaterally had been taken. On the contrary, the General declared to 1118son
that for Monday, September 29, a meeting VIaS scheduled with the British
authorities on the possibility of a bi-zonal solution, and that the General
WOuld take a finalaecision in accordance with the outcome of that U.5.
British meeting.
Thetur.hing point is reyealed by Mason's news on this joint meeting.
At the meeting, according to Amson, agreement was reached with the. British
finance director on all issues involved, with the sole exception of the
heirless property successor organiation which the British want to create in
Germany, presumably within German jurisdiction, in a manner that each zone
commander would be entitled to select the membership of the organization for
his own zone. (The effect of this condition would be that the Jewish
Restitution Commission will not be recognized by the British for their zone.)
With regard to the question of avoidance, the following compromise
had been reached at the meeting: There would be absolute power of avoidance
with respect to transactions entered into after the enactment of the Nuremberg
Laws in 1935. Prior transactions would be subject only to the presumption of
duress, ~lt~ by proof to the effect that a fair purchase price had been
paid. The agreement provided also that everything received by the seller
must be paid back in full prior to restitution.
Apart from these gravely unfavorable features of this bi-zonal agreement,
there is the overall fact that the negotiations with the British have not been
conducted on the basis of the American draft approved by us but on the basis
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�To
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From
Date September 3, . 1947
:Eugene Hevesi
, Subjeot
Slawson
;
Meeting With General Hilldri~ on' Restitution in Germs.zl3r
Early this year, an agreement came about between the United States authorities
to the effect that a del~ of 60 d~s would be
given General Cl~ to achieve.quadripartfte agreement on restit1:ltionin Ger
~, with the eritpress commi t~nt undertaken by the Area Comm.and~~ proceed .
. WJ. th the one-sided enactment of the draft law in the Unit~· States . it. by
4C
. th~ end of the 60 d~s, no prospect for quadripartite agreement existed•.
'.
.
and the Jevdsh orgSnizations
Since then, not 60 but 150 d~s went by,' and t,hereis no prospect .whatsoever,
for quadriPartite agreement. Even the British, who, on principle, .had already .
accepted the American draft law, changed their position by denying any financial
assistance to Jews, which:m.ay help Palestine. The French .insist that the suc
cessor organization for heirless and communal propert,y Should not be a Jewish
. but a non';';sectarian, international organiz~tion. And the Russians intend to
hand over heirless propert,y to the German .1"aender in their zone.
~.
~.
With reg~ to this deadlock,both General Hilldring and the Jewish organizations
felt the need of a direc~ exchange of views on the situation. The meeting took
place at the Department of .State onA.ugUst 8. Both General Hilldring and his
successor, General SaJ.zman, and six members of their staff attended. The AJC
Was !epresented by Professor Herman A. Gr~ and ~ene Hevesi.
The objective pursued by General Hilldring was to convince the Jewish organi
zations that it would be dangerous :f':rom the point of view of Jewish interests
to proceed with the enactment of 'a law in the U.S. zone alone without reach
ing an8greem~nt with the three other governments represented on the Control
COWlCi!. Unilateral action by the. U.S. would.offend these partners to such
an extent that some 80% of Jewish propert,y - which is outside the U.S. zone ..;..;.;.
would be in jeo~. He asked us whether we· were willing to risk this pro.'
. pertyby' insisting on a U.S. zonal law n o w . '
.
The composite sense of our counter-arro.unents wS the following: .
1. Enactment in the U.S. zone would, at ,last, break. the ice and serve
as a model for the other zones.
It is fair to assume that the British
and .the French'would, in the enci, recognize the right of the Jews to
their property.
2. Del~s have, and will continue to offer ~pportunities'ror whittling
dounmore and more the accepted prOvisions of the U.S. draft' law. The
prinCiples involved'must finally obtain recognition, and the only·medium
for this is the zonal l a w . '
.'
; .
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�'AJC '(GEN-iej)'':
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Box 275
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C01U'mCTIOS n!H tmstm..,ION
PIOJlWl Df ·0E1II.ARt
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. UU1:ta17Govemant Law S~, O~, 1RI8 enactacl 'l7.r 0enera1 Clq in the latter
part of 19h7 to bring abcut the reatituUCID of propert7 taken ...,. under the '
Na1a. Among other th1ngG, the law 1Qa down aerta1n n.aceaa8l7 preaumptiGIIII
in favor of the olabwnu, aeta CU"ta1n Nla, ,and pran.de8 tor • 8)'IJta of
apec1a1 l"88tltu.tioo Courta to conelder t.hct(lla1- lnolncUas • M&hest aourt
known· as tho C~ of Beat1t.uttc.Appea1e (COM) ada up exlual'ft1l¥ otAaer1C8D
Judg••• "
,
Law S~ hu, d.ur:t.na the leat three ,.an. pl'ONll to be. -.1or piece of leg1alat1C1l
in 0e1"lilln7 and apprw:xx:tstolT 50;( .of the alaS. t1W UIJdeIt 1t . . . been I1nalll'
proooaaect or nttlod. It 1a rae. propaaecl b,y the tbnIo all'ed lOV8mIlalt. tbat, 111
a4d1t.1on to t.he1r Nllervcd pawen over otbar' t1elda, ~ ~ t.o tho .Q8I'UIUI
tho reeerved power over raaUtuUoo, OIl tba but. at wb1chp~ tba l'8at1t.utloo
p:ogI"&IU baa .thus tar rested. Acoord1nc to the State DepartlllDt.. tb18 pcMeJo',w1l1
not be nt11nqu1ahed without. a IUs cantl'aotual,ap.IIICt.' traa the (Jersna tbat
. theT themaelvoa w1U nevertbola8a c?an7 out th8 I'Ut1tut1cD pI'08i'Ga to aosplaUOIl.
1be Int.ergovemmental stw, OI'CNP (ISO) 1d:d.ohnaentlJ" . .t in £on.ckD. baa formulated
IJPec1al. contractual propoG81a on this and otJutr atten, but the deta1la of these
propoG81a have not 18t been d1sGloaad.
'It haD boon tho ooat1nuOWl paaition of the· Jew1'ab pooUpe' that. ...tum to tba Oo:rmana
or control. over l'08t.1tutlan ,1d.ll, apart traa ita IIOI'al wrong, opeD; the c:lOo.r to
ccmplcte sabotage of the progra - no att.er what -prant.au" . , be g1V81l tor the
Oermarur in the new' oontftOtual arrangement. fbeJew1ab &rOUPa have theretonl urged'
great 08l"8 in the formulation ot the actual. ISO taru reaanU.ng re&!ttitut1on.
App1'OX1l9atel¥ two nek8 aso, it "as l.-me4 that the All1_ -"abeNtto present
. t o the Oor.nana the elate Of propoealareprdS.nc ro.UtllUcm: which the I5G' bad worked
out. the only spea1110 propoMl. oonoemtng .blah detaUa oou1d. be obtc.1necl by the
Jewish groupe ... one wbiQb prov1cl8d that the pnNIClt CORA'. (.hI1181'" aourts ex1et
in the other s~ alao) be replaoed by a: Dew court. 1Ihtch. would cont&iD French,
DriUait, Amerloan and German Judi•••
sr.
tr.d1ato repraaentatlClU -1'8 ud8 en the _tter to
Mcclo.r, ... a re.ult of which
he peraonall.v interrened to bring abaut a ~'.at tbll eleventh hoar, of IIlq'
diacuaBiOl18 with the Germana recard1ng COM. Be then'nterrad the . .tter back to ..,.
Wahington tor turther 1.nsU"ucUona and it DGIf re.ta. there. In 'h op1n1on at alaoat
evoryone who bas WOlkec1 OIl restitution in a~•• prupoeal to ~ C81'lIIIl:.judgea
into CORA will intact. kUl Ule reat1tut1aa pI"OCfta. '!be. aou1deraUons 1Ih1ch iIipel.
such a ccnclualon are .. tol.larrel
.
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wUl haft raJ' .......... ft.lue 'llu ,a .t.liar .tllthr or
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',;,
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De~
22, 1947
loh:n Slavsoa
Miltan V!ma
moMl
DATIl
BEl Restitution lAv - French Zone
Today I had a eol2fereDCe with Dr. Web of the me, Mr-. Morm~ and also talked
vith Eugene WeUl. The situation at present 11 the Alliance through IfmmeraJ'
has submitted a lD8DI01"aJla to Prefect Bolwg vho is nov attached to the Cab1net
ot Mr. SchUlDaDll ad who t01'lll8rq vas OIl the legal staf't ot the French Zone a:ad
or,-=t1D811,. worked an the proposed OMS.nee. This D&AOraDdum points au.t the
various inequities 1D the present 0rd1mmce and ·it iLl hoped that as a result
thereat a conter6nce will 'be called vlth the French authorities in Paris to see
U' some of thes81Deciuiti8s can be relieved.
the
'l'vo daJ'B agcJ I spoD'to ~.RUb!Dste1ll, vho :ts
ch1et legal adviser in France
to
0tdDg to h1a actIdt7, he participated in our dd,scussI0D8 and at the
.proper time vi11 make· representatiODll to the French Government.
mo.
,
,
.
.
'
,
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.
The outlook is DOt over-optiDdst1e far a change in the Ordina:ace i tselt, but ve
hope that our ettorts tovs.rd gettiDg more favorable interpretation by war ~,
implementation v1l1 bear trait..
.
There vas a recent meeting ot CRIF OIl this subject which occmrrec1 vhlle I vas in
Genna, bat accordiDg to repartS receIftd trom. Mr. Monnerar, this meeting d1d not
come to &nT conclusIons. During m.r absence in Prague, Greece and Turkey, Dr••feU
or the me \7111 work olose~ vith Mr. IfmmeraJ' 1D prepa:r1Dg the grouDdvork for
arrr repreaentaticms· I 'IIJIfI' be able to DI8.k8 when I retarn.
.
,
The
~grapb.1n
'
"
Hr.·!I8vee1'. 'DiDoran1um to )'OU datec! December 2D1 ref'etTi1Jg to
Dr. Rothberl ot Coble1lB 1s DOte4
possible, at the ~P.f1ate
the 1Dtormatian w1l1 be made use ot, i t
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YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn. Affr? Dept 41~46)
Box 65
File 4
COP Y
THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE
386 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YOR.K 16. N. Y.
PARIS OFFICE
10.
rue
La Boetie
Paris VIII
A t,taohed
John Slawson
DATE,
Hartember 2S, 1947
Milton WinD
TOI
HE, I
Restitution in the F:::-ench Zone
Occupation in (krmany.
to the original
1.
or
this m.em.ora.ndum e.re:
Frenoh text ot Ord.inanoe 120, dated November 10, issued
. by the Milltary Author!ties in the French Zone ot Oocupa
tion in German;y, coverlng restitution of property. rights
and interests formerly owned ~ viotims of Nazi persecution.
2. A translation into English or the above mentioned Ordinanoe.
3. Commenta on
some or
the outstanding points in the Ordir..anoe.
4. (No heading)
11 statement vith respeot to this Ordinance, agreed
upon betveen this oftice and legal representt t1 ves of the JDC
in Puis.
5. COW ot letter· sent
by' M. Rene Cassin to French gOYeiDlIlental
authorities lIith respect to the Ordinance.
,X'
The circumstances sUrrounding the iuuanca of this Ordinance \lere unfortunate 1Jl
that no prior noticeot its issuance vas given to 8lll' of the French voluntary
agencies interested in the question, nor did JDC have an., prior notioe. Indeed,
yhen vord first came to Paris Bl"O'I.Uld November 18th that the O:rdiDa.nce had been
issued, inquiry at the French goYEn"JlJlleJlta ortices in Paris met with a response
first that no such QrdiDence had beau issued nDd later that it had been issued
but that DO one 1D Parle o.tt1ciBl.l:y vas lppI'ised ot its contents. As will be
noted from the enolosare, the 0rd.1JwJce vas actually offlcia.llT pubUsb.ed on
November 14th, lmt oopiee of the offioial jOUl"b.al. were not available in Ps.r1.s '
until about the 19th.'.
The foregoing state o~taot.a bean UPOD the entire question ot ooo:rd1DaUon of
intor-.tion ancJ lla1aon.u the· 'VVioua BOnes or occupation in GormaJlT, 80 that
untoward OOcn.D"Z'8DCe8, BUOIl &II this mq be Avoided in the futuro. hrtber COillIIfJDt
on this phase vill beaubmltte4 later.
.
or
�-2
YIVO . Rei 347.1
AJC
(FAD 41~146)
Box 65
Immediately upon becomiDg cognizant of the issuance of thiJ-1li-dinance, Mr. Wolfsohn
and the writer met \lith M. Weill ot the Alliance, M. MannerBY', a Frenoh lawyer who
is consultant on legal aftairs to the Alliance, and Dr. iJeiss ot the legal starr
of Joint. At this meeting, the Ordinance was considered in detail and procedures
Vlere discussed for further handling ot the matter. The Alliance represcntati'Ws
'Vlere of the opinion that 80 far as internal French pressures nre concerned, this .
could be best handled tbrough their organization. In the ensuing days v1s vorked
with tJ!. 'WeUl and M. Monneray' on draf'ting ot a statement 'Which they were to submit
to the French governmental authorities, it being intended tlmt arrangements could
be made for M. Cassin to take the matter up at the highest level. Arter a good
deal ot deliberation and conferences, it was found that owing to the cabinet
crisis M. Cassin would be unable to see the appropriate cabinet minister as soon
asexpeeted and therefore the plan was ohanged to one of having H. Cassin write
the enclosed letter and that M. Weill and M. l-ionneray' would pursuetbe matter
at intermediate levels.
IJ.keuise, the representatives or Alliance had the feeling that any statements made
concerning this Ordinance and the circumstanoes of its issuance by our organization
or by Joint should not ostensib:Qr emanate trom Paris. They telt tha. t this might
cause an adverse reaction b;r the French authorities who might feel thnt their
prerogatives were being infringed upon. Also, the implied oriticism of the French
Military' Authorities in issuing the Ordinance might in some remote vay affeot the
interests of Jewish refugees in France.
ar. Wolfsohn and the t..rriterdo not share this latter view but feel that the possi
bilit,r ot hurt pride of French authorities is a valid reason tor the position
taken ,lith respect to confining our publio activities to points of origin outside
this area.
.
However, we and the representatives of JOint,strongly feel thf::i.t this Ordinance
should not go unchallenged. It maybe argued that the voicing of criticism at this
time may be ineffective in persuading the French to amend a law issued onlY' a
rev days ago. Nevertheless, since the Ordult"..nce is ambiguous and vague in ma.n,.
respects, e proper atmosphere should be created so that in the issuance of regula
tions thereunder or in the implementation of the Ordinance some of its graver
inequities might be lIlOd1tied.
In addition, and more importantly, we feel that if there is DO sharp reaction to
this Ordinanoe, the British mq be encouraged by the very lack or such reaction, to
issue laws or regulations in their zone still more un1'avorable to the Jewish
position.
It is tor these reasons that we have collaborated 'With the JDC on the enclosed
statement. While it is realized this statement is not in the tinal form of a
press release, we trust that it vlll be carefully considered by the cooperating
organizations in Rev York a8 a guide to the line of approach to be taken in
bandling the matter. 'We teel that it steps are taken through the press and other
media to l:ring out 80_ ot the glaring weaknesses Bndobvious inequities inherent
in the Ordinanoe, not onl1' 11111 the path or the French organizations here 111
obtaining favorable interpretations be made easier bu.t also reverberati0D8
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AJC
RG 347~1
(FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 4
may reach the British who may, as a result, be more circumspect in framing the
legislation they have in mind. While ve are endeavoring to keep informed OIl the
intentions of the British authorities, again the present lack of liaison in the
British Zone makes this difficult and there is no assurance that a similar in
oident may not occur with respect to thef.r legislation. Mr. Wolfsohn is to dis
cuss this with Mr. Frankel an his present visit to London, and the entire problem
of liaison in all the occupied zones 'Will be taken up by the writer on his forth
coming visit to GermaQf.
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'Am Jwsh Cmtee
A
(Frgn Affrs P~PJt(f
46)
Box 6 5 '
;~;
File 4
.
Attch. N·o". 28" 1947
I
.
A SllrFising dewlopmsnt bas taken place in the French
zone ot '
Occupc.tion in Germany uith respect to the Restitution of property forms!'ly
o~med
b7 ?ictims of
On Uove.l'.l1ba!'
Officia.l Journal
Q.."l
~az1
persecution.
14, the French Milita.!7" Authorities published
in the
Ordinance (dated NO'Vf);llber 10, 1947) setting fo,rth the
principlos and procedures governing this subject.
Represontatives
ot the various voluntary
studying the p1"(}blems of restitution
Yare
~",ncles
given no prior
vhioh have been
opport~nity
to
ooca.oine the proposed text or to otfor their viO'll8.
An examination of the text of the
w~~y
serious deficiencies so that it
ahort of a fair and equitable
plfk~
Ordi.~~
ap~arG
ao issued discloses
that the Ordinance fnlln far
for rentitution.
This observation is 2"61nf'orocd b.Y the fact 'tb.a.t in man:.r instances
the Ordinance treats Germans who profited by des!)oiling the viotims
or Nazi
perseoution more leniently than the French domestic lav treats Frenohmon
vho n.cqu1red propertY' from parsecutees during the occUpC.t1011
or
Fr&nce.
Further, the OrdiDanae grants the German Laonder rights vi til respect to
heirlE.lDS property' (i.e. prope:rt,' vbose fOl'"mer miners ",ere killed by the
Nazis and who lett no traceable heirs because of the \I1p1ng out of ,.rilole
families) wtoh are more. favorable than those g1 ven to some
or
the German
sntell1toa in the Peace Treatiel.
For instance, the dame.tic Fre;lah
n~'stitutiOD
Law provides that a
Razl viotim whose ~ vas taken tram him vithout his consent aDd who
claims restitut101l neecl, undw no o1rcumsta:nces, Npar to the
pre~
possessor more thaD · the. c1aheat actuaJl,.. recelw4, even i t the
,
prese~
WQ..
�YIVO RG 347.1
(FAD 41-46)
AJC
Box 65
File 4
Attch. Nov. 28, 1947
-2 ...
possessor acquired bis holding in good faith.
the Ord1n.anee, the victim viII
In contradistinction under
to Pay' to one who is held to lmve ac
h."lV8
quired the confiscated property in good faith the fUll oonsideration
by hi.m.
~~d
'l'hts is eo even i t such possessor acquired the )1rope'T'ty in a
speculative manner and paid more than the fa.1r value and evan i f he did
not
aotua1~
roceive any oonoideration.
Aga1n, French damstic laM presllt'leS bad fai til on tr.e part
ot any
one vho acquired such confisoa.ted property hOW'V'm' remote from the or:i gin:ll
rna Ordirumoe, on the other hand, only presumes bad faith
oonf'iecatlon.
if the ololmant prOYes that the pO!'lsessor hf.'..d actual kn01.1ledge that the
firlJt transfer vo.s vrongtul.
, ~'
In&tlole 25 of the Peace Trea.ty u1 th Rwm.n1ll and :f.n Article 'Z7
or
the Poace Treaty tTith Hu.ngery these oountries und,-,;:rtook to transfer all
uncla1med individual and coaTl:lUl1al property to organizations repreaenttng·
victims
or Fascist measures.
These properties a""c to be used b:r such
orga."l1zationa tor the relief aDd rehabilitation of survi'Vint."t groups, orga.ni
zations and communities vhich vere subjected to persoaution.
In contrast to the above, the Ordinance leaves heirless property
to tJle Laender and statu thia pt'Oporty is to be used tor "1ndemnif'iaaticm
.
.
or victims
ot
National 8001 a 15sm. 8
The Lo.ender have the opUon in their
d1scrotlon or entrustiDg the administration ot these propertiea to an
organlzn.tloa to be, establ1.shec1 or authorized by' them. Hot on.11' does the,
Ord'nanGe taU to g!~
wicht to the fact that heirless
'.
.
p:t"OpOrty la' cle
.
.
.
r1va4 al.moat..,m'd.vel.T fIooIIa Jev1ah vtot1ma, wh11e the prGsant
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of Nnai paraecutJ.- are mootq DOn-Jevs, but. sinoe the property is to be
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"
RG347.1
41-46)
. AJC
(FAD
Box 65
File 4
Attch. Nov. 28
used tor lIindeIllll1:f1aation" o.nd not for relicf and rellabili:t.s.tion, in etfec\
the Laender at"e reUeved of the duty of indo.'ilnif'ication
be a charge upon their general ludgot.
ot such a chnrge
~ot1ts
~lhich
19~7
really' should
Thus, this budget being relieved
by the tact that vhole Jetdsh families hnve been
exterminated.
It is interesting to note that in August 1947 the Gc.r:na,n Ministry
of Justice in Koblens pUbliahed a drnf't, of a pr(lposed Rootitution Lav.
A comparison ot the points mentioned above with the suggestions made 111
that draf't :l'f!Wala that the Germans themselves provide thnt 'brad faith OD
the part of' the present
POSS88SOJ' wo~Jld
be assumed not only where there
is actual knowledge of an act of spoliation but also
vre re
BUch
know-lodge
should have been acquired by ord1.nary diligence; the Gennan dra.tt f'urther
provides that tlle victim in order to obtain rasti tution need not ref.lO.:1
more than he actua ll ,. received at his tree diaf,lOaal r('go.rdlcaD of whathsr
or not hiE prope!'t7 vas allenated uith or ",1thout his cnnsent;
ruld finally,
the German draf't suggested the tro.nster of heirless property to organiza
tions which represent the name group of Nnsi viotlma to which the tormer
owner belonged.
It i8 oert.a1nly surprising that Restitution 1n the French Zone
vill be governac1 by a lav vhioh i8 the least favorable of 0.11 European
Restitutlcm lave published to date in rep.'rd to the vict1r.ls of Na2i
persecutIon. 8a. ot the Jewish Communities in the French Zone are the
oldest JENlah Oomrmlnlti.. 1n Germany', dating back to the early tUddle Agee.
\
In viev ot the prov1s1QD8 of the Ord1.nanoe, 1t is an open question whether
the properqr of thea. Co...'"lSUl1t1ea can be claimed und.. It and vhnher, if it oan
be claimed,
1t v111 not 't.
MOe880lT
to sell synagogues and ceme;t.erlee 1D
order to relieve the taender ot thou duty ot indemn1ty1Dg the T.lictlmB of
Nazism.
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347.1
AJC (FAD 41,...46)
Box 65
File 4
Attch, Nov. 28, 1947
S1nce the Ordfmmce j.IrOVidoa \bat "hfdrl• •"property 1s to be
used tor "1ndemn1f1oatlon," it 1s douhttul vhetb.e2" prona1on
=de tar tho ch1m1.ng of the propgrtq
o~
thea. communities.
ha~
been
Furthor,
nssuming thnt such propo-rt,. can be cla1me4, aJJd 11' the theory of
"indemnification" 1s applied, thon these properties, including
~gogues
and cemeteries, 'lould have to be sold to l'J'OVide tuDds for indamn.U'lontion.
�\
Box 65
YIVO RG 347.1
Jwsh Cmtee
~J/lf
Am
File 4
24 Novembre 1947
(Frgn Affrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 4
Monsieur Savt:1ry
Objet: Ordonnance de
Attch. Nov.• 28, Commissariat Gent3ra1 aux .~.f:f'aires
restitution aux spo
1947
lies en zone franqaise
allemandes
7, avenue Hoche
~'occu~ation
Paris go
Monsieur,
Le Secretaire General de notre Association, Monsieur Eugene Weill,
m'a tenu informe au jour Ie jour des contacts ~u'il avait deja pris avec
vos services, et plus particulierement avec leur directeur des Affaires
Politi"ues, Monsieur Sauvagnardes, au sujet de la PBrution au Journal
Officiel du Commandement Fran qais de 18 Zone d' occuaption, d 'une or
donnance en date dl~ 10 Novembre 1947, relative a la restitution des biens
spolies dans la zone fran9aise d'occupation. (J.O. du 14 Novembr~ 1947
de Z.F .0.)
Notre Organisation etait dans l'ignerance absolue de la prepara
tion de ce texte, ainsi ~ue des travaux ~ui on,t pu Ie preceder.
Or, el1e s'est toujours preoccupe~ des interets de nos coreligion
naires hors de F"I"ance, et elle aurait clonc ete heureuse de pouvoir for
muler ses voeux et ses desiderata afin d'eviter, s1 possible, ~ue nos co
religionnaires r.esidant en zone franqaise d~occupation scient moins bien
traites ~ue ceux"qjouvant resider dans d 'autres Bones, ce ,..ui serait
tout a fait contraire aux interets du prestige franqais et de Is reputa
tion de Is France dans sa zone d'occupation.
Un premier examen rapide de ce texte semble faiTe apparaltre une
difference sensible entre lui et Ie texte franqais ...ui a.vsit reglemente 1
Ie mame probleme en France (ordonnance du 21 avril 1945), et ceoi au de
triment des spolies du nazisme, et en conse~uence, a l'avantage des
spoliateurs allemands.
II semble en atre de mame par rapport aux dispositions ,..ui ont deja
pu"atre priees en zone 8mericaine d'occupation, par une recente ordonnance,
la~uelle semble a premiere vue etre plus favorable aux intereta des spolies.
Monsieur migel1'e Weill, Secretaire-General. de I' Alliance vous entretien
dra des problemes "ue souleve l' ordonnance du 10 Novembre 1947, et se met
tra a votre disposition pour preparer un memorandum sur d'eventuelles mo
difications a apporter a 1 'ordonnance du 10 Novembre afin de tendre it une
unification souhaltable de la legislation sur les biens spolies.
Je vous prle de recevoir, Monsieur, l'assurance de mes sentiments
d1stingues.
LE PRESIDENT.
Rene. CASSIll
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OR Drn. No. 120
...
C·.)ncermng the Hestitution of
PossessIons having b0.en the
Object of Acts of Spoliation
,t
yivo ··rg'34i.l
Am JWsh Cfutee
(Frgn Affr~ Dept
Box 65 File· 4
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The Frenoh C-in-C in Germany:
Reing aware of the decree of June 15. 19h5 concern:1.ng the creation of· a French Chi-ef
COTl1I.'lal1d in Germany, modified by decree of October 18, 1945.
Bein~ awa.re of Order No.1 of July 28, 1945 ma.:i.ntatning in ex:i.stence the orders nnd
r!'!gu1at:i.ons promulrated by or under t.l-te authority of the Supreme Interallied Corr.mand.
[ieing aware of the law lio. 1 of the Supreme !nterallied Command repealing
Na~i
laws.
Being ElYlare of law No. 52 of the Supreme Int~rallied Co'-mane concer-ning the freezt ng
cd ami control of possessions. modified by order No. nl of lJarch ), 19h7.
Beine' aware of the ordinance No. 2L of Docember n. 191t.5 concerning the neclcu"atjon
of nets of spoliation committed to the rletriment of pe;-so!'ls, even '1<;~an p8rsons,
owing to their r:~ce or opinions.
Upon the proposition of the Asslst..ant General rl.m"!inistrn.tor for the t.:llit,nry Govcr!1ment
of the French Occupa~·ion Zone.
;1nving heard the Juridical CainI'll ttee.
oammn
Acts which are null or which can be declared so.
,U1TICLE 1.
Are null all cts disposing of rossr~ssionsJ rights or interests havint-t
a
taken place after lTanuary ,30, 1933 without the consent of their owner (physical or
moral persons) further to the measures which did establish a discriJ:lin~.t10n based on
nationalitjr. race, reli~ion. opinions or 001itical activities hostile to the Nazi
regime.
The physical or moral persons, or their legal heirs, whose possession, rlghts or
interests have been the object or such acts, are enU tIed to h.'lve the nulUty of same
'lscertained under the c<:'lnditiona provided for in the present order.
ARTICLE 2. The courts will pronounce the al1nulment of acts disposing ot possessions
'without Uie owner's consent turt.her to a legislation in existence prior to January 30. ~
1933, if it is established that these acts h~ve in fact been performed because of the
nati.onality, race, religion, opinions or paliti.cal ••• activities of the ·ce7'son con
c·~~rned and va th the intention of wrcn~n_t! snid person.
~:~TICLE 3. The court. will pronounce 1ft t.ne 'Same way the annulment of acts disposing
of pos~essions with the owner'. conaent when this consent has only been given onder
physical or moral constraint..
.
�YIVO RG 347.1
AJC (FAD 41..,46)
Box 65
- 2-
File 4
.i'he contracts and JU~ ac t.S WfllC) occurre('j',.
, ,~t1~:/
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S.Lnce tJa..'1.tw.r:! )\:, 1"33 ,:...t eo t' f'I' the
nossessions, rights or interests belonrrlng to plwsical or Noral per$~ms 'f!hase situa
, tion ha~ been settled be'fore or after the date of thRsa acts b-.r means of the discri
min::lting measures referrod to in the prev;"c,us art".c1-:.s il!'e pr'8SUT;l('!d to h2.ve taken
place under constra:i.nt.
T
iloweVAr, for all acts pas!3ed between Janu:u-y 30, 1~f33 anr! June IL, 1::';38, if the
Durchaser can bring proof that his purch3SG ho.s hn"m made at a;,;rice \·'i.iich is deemed
. fair, proof of the Q:>nstraint m.'lJ. rest with the dim-:-o::::ses:,ad owner.
JJtTICLE h. 'rho dispositions of the present order nre only a;:mlica'ble insof.:xr as the
:msses::noIls, rights and interests havIng' b~n the object. of acts dispostncr of same
be identified on the day of the .'i'Pplic5,tion b~.':fore the court.
can
CliA..t'"'TJCR II I
Jl"'FFECTS OF TiiE
rJ{;r~LITY
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!,!{TICJ.lE tJ. When the nullity .has been ascertained or when th~ armulment has been pro
nounced, the parties a.re equitable reestablished in the situation resulting from the
rights they had ?rior to the act declared null or (~uashod. The dispossessed owner
takes Qr,ain possession of his r~8ses8ions, rights or intGre.sts trAe of luI charges,
rr:ortgages and real rights with which the purchaser or ~:J1Iccessi ve purchasp,rs m87{ hRve
burdened sa"Uo.. He takes them backw 1,th their additions and accensories according
however to the disposi ti Dna which follcr.v.
hI~TICLE 6.
The administration a.cts ptiSsed in ac~orda.."1ce with the d.isj)ositiona of
iiXttcle 577 a!ld followi..'1g of the B.n.B. eoncer"ning the adrl~n.istrCi.tion of business .
remain valid. In c,naequence, the r~spective riGhts and duties '-:f t.hp, admj nistrator
of hnsinc5s and of tl)e o\\'T\or, cmd p.ventually the ri!?llts of third ·;::--;irt.iE's are dotc:t""rl:Lnp,d
a.c~ord:Lng to the dispositions of the B.G.R.
For the ap'plication of the dispositlons of Article 607 t, I. of ttlC :1. noB., the bono
fide or dishonesty of the succeosiV6 purohasers "tre taken into account. Only the
:;urchasers who have had no knowledge or tho ch:"'r<!ct~r of spo1i;.:ttion of 'tile initial
are considered as bon.1. fide.
act
-rho profits whi.cb the suocessive dishonest purchasers i7111 hnve to refund
the disposit5.ons of ,,\rticle 694 of the B.G.D. will not be handed over to
iJho 'nas been put back in possesston, but will b('>. alloc::l.tf"ln i.n e:mc "1.end"
fund intended for the indemni.rioation of the victims of the }laT.i reglne.
possible to entrust with the administr.'ltion of t.his fund a boct,! formed or
that pUrpOBft by the author! ty of the t'Land."
.
further to
the Olmer
to a com.on
It "\\1.11 be
l.1uali fied for
A':TICLE 7.
The owner who has been put back in ~lOSSp.ss!on of h-m estate and who will
n:lve received payment of the prioe will have to refund the amount t.n t.hp ~t1rChR8er.
In the same way the purchaser will have the ri.ght - on condition that he establishes
his bona fide - to ask from the owner put back in possession. even in the case \'f'here
the latt,er would not have received 1t, the payment of a sum which will correspond to
the price the fonner w:1ll justU')' having paid.
.
f..nTICLg 8.
If, durIng the period .Ien t.he Q'jJ\er wan dispossessed, theootate has been
burdenod with real rights properly reg:1etered, the sumo Wl!ich may come back, further
to the application or the ' present order, to the DurchaGer or his legal heirs, will
have to be deposited up to the right amount, in order to be used as a guarantee for
. ~~ '-~. ';', -~~
,! ..:, ; - . , ';,'
.
"
�- J
YIVOO RG 341:.1
AJC
(FAD 41-46)
the rights of the creditors properly registered. Upon the reqllp.st of s~id creditors,
the su.rns due to th$m become i..-rnmedintely exigible, from the date of the decision
ascertaining the nuPity or pronouncing the a.Tl.rluLil':.'mt of the act of d:i.5~)osition of the
burdened estate.
Box 65 File 4
ARTICLE 9.
The possessions, rights or interests of which the legitimate mvners ','=:.tIl
h:ave disappeared without leavinf:, any heirs will be ~lotted to the fund deflm,d under
ltrticle 6 above and used under the SEme conditions.
ARTICLE 101 Any business a!7,ents, brokers orm:i.rldle!TIen .....h o, knoYrinf!ly, ..rill have re
fra.ined from revealing the origin of the ~.'ossessi.on5, rights or intp.rr-:sts, can be
sued by any evicted bona fide purchaser with a view to the refund of atIY' brokora.ges,
comr:d.ssions or fees and eventually vdth a view to the payment of an inderm1ty co1'
res;;ondj.n~ to the loss, which loss was susta:tm~d throup,h their fault.
AJlTICLE 11. The rights arisinrr from the application of the presnent orner Tdl1 not be
the aDject: of any deed of transfer between living pc~sons.
CHAPT.m Ul:
AIUICLE 12.
fuiVlllg o',en
instance.
PROCED1JRE
One or more special courts for dealing'il'it..lJ the r t 'stltution of pos!:l~sslons
object of acts of spoliation nre attached to ea.ch C()urt of first
th!~
These courts bear the name of Courts of Rest1.tution. Each Court of Rest:l.tution is com
posed of a President and two assistants, one of them heine obli~atorily a victi.ms of the
Nazi regime apPOinted upon the proposition of the President of the Court bj." the
Minister of Justice of the "Land. If The courts thus formed ax'f'; CO',':Tlfltent, exclusive
of any other jurisdiction. to know of the claims of the victims of t.l)e acts referred
t.o in the dispositinns of the preSl!l1!lt order.
ARTICLE 13. 'Ihe claims must be filed vdt.1-lin eighteen rnonths:am of the da+,e of puhlicatioD
of the present order. For real estate matters, these clai.'lls come before the CO~.l.rt of
Restitution attached to the Court havinl! under its .1urisdietion the T)lace where the
litigious estate is situa.te; personal property matters COT.l.e befon1 the Court of
H.esti tution .of the competent court in application c f hrtioles 12 and followi ne: of
the Z.P.O. (r~rman Civilian FTOcedure Code).
ARTICLE lL..
.l.f the purohaser is absent or if his domicile is unkno\vn, thp procedure
must be dIrectlJd ar,ainst the administrator l'iho has been, ap~,o:i.nted in a.p~~'lication of
the dispositions of Law No. 52, or against the trustee
to Articles !SSt 1909 and following of the B.G.B.
(Pfleger) nominated further
If the spoliated persons ,"8 absont, the action is filed either by his legal heirs or by
the Superior f'rosec1tor ("i>erstaataanwalt) of the oourt to which :ts atta.ched the com
~ petent Court of Restitution, upon a re~Jisition of the Uinistry of Justice of the
"Land, "or by the body entrusted with the manar;ement of the fund referred t..o under
Article 6 above, or last~ by ~ legally formed association ofKtmekkMs~ victims
of the Nazi regime.
.
,
riUiW&ec:x:si:xIIIttr Within six months of tlie date of publication of the present order, the
Ministry of Finances of each "Lad" will Berta to the Ministry of Justioe the Ii st or
posseSSiOns, rights and ntereats refen-ed to under Articles 1, 2 and 3 80 that
same can be passed on to the Public Proseo~tor ..
fhis list will also he ~cated to the bodies entrusted with the
common funds referred to under Article 6 above.
ARTICLE 15.
......, Iawyer.
~:?,;~l:;}:/,~J· ..:~,~ ,
management~·~f
The Plaintiff is exempted from theoblL'ation of being assisted by
.
.
�-4-
YIVO RG 347.1
AJC
(FAD 41 ... 46)
Box 65· File 4
l'he le?al notice of the claim will be served through the office of. the clerk of the
court."
The minutes of the legal notice will have to bear the ;:tent:lon th at the defenda.."1t has
days to produce his means of defDnce.
.
15
ii~lhe claim takes
ARTICLE 16. l'he decision
. (Endurteil~ or an order (Beschluss).
place either through
Cl
judgment
The order or judI ment which has taken place will be served through the office of the
clerk of the court.
ARTICLE 17. There is no derogation whatsoever to the disposioons of common law con
cermng tne means of redress and the opDosition. The same applies to the j.ntavention
of third parties (Articles 64 and following of the Z.P.O.).
ARTICLE 16.
dispos~t~ons
In the interestof third parties, a.ntr procedure started accordtng t.o the
of the presEn t orde;- must be published in the Amtsblatt of the !!Land. II
This publ.1.cation is done exofficio by the office of the clerk of the court.
CHAPTER IV,
TRANSACTIONS OUT OF COURT
ARTICLE 19. The dispossessed owner liable to benefit from the dispositions of
~hapter II of the presant order may, instead of having recourse to a contentious
procedure, conclude a settlement out of court vlith nny purchaser of the r,ossessions
concerned. These agreements vdll only be valid on the rondition that the,r are con
firmed in court by the President of the Court wno has been requested to act. The coh
firming decision will h?ve to precise in mOl: eaoh case 'whether the ,:urchaser vd.ll haV'!
to the CO!!1mon fund referred to under Article 6 aBove.
This dec:i.sion will be notified to the Public ProS8cutor on the one hand, and to the
body entrusted with the administration Cif the fund referred to under Article 6 above on
the other hand; these two authorities will be entj.tled toptml!lse' oppose the decision
within a month by means of a declaraticn to the office of the clt!I'k of the court.
CHAPTER V:
COSTS
/
/.~:~..
:
"'"
ARTICLE 20.
The VlU'iOUB acts ot procedure, judcments and other ope"ations necessitated
by the actions prov:'.ded for in the present order do not give rise to any costs O~ Behalf
of the Fublic Finances.
~
'£he only payments to be made are the expenses and fees of the JQI2X expert s, notaries
or other legal officers. These exnenses are borne according to the ru.les established
by the German Civilian Procedure Code.
This special regime ap":.lies to the transactions
in the previous ohapter.
0
onfinned under the conditiona fixed
CHAPTER VII
uhnm uF THE FREEZING UESURES PROVIDED
FOR IN LAW NO. 52
ARTICLE 2.1.
The judicial decisions· of restitution pas3ed further to the present
order and whIch are ot a tinal natu~"e, ao 'Well as the settlementsx:IItx!d:X out of court
muix properly confirmed, will involve the withdrawal of the protective measures whioh
result from the app.ioation or Law No. $2 of the Supreme Interallied Command ooncern
ing the freezing and control ot possessions.
"
.,
.
�- 5 -'
RG 34 iZ • 1
YIVO
'J
AJC
(FAD.
41~46)
Box 54
.
1~1..1JfA. .
File 4
However, this withdrawal will have to be a:Be~ by the competent dep,3.rtments
"':", accordi!n'g..~~tmHre IlJodalities ,which Will be fixed by anordin~nce.
fA-.-t.U.
tv' '!rrl..hflvA';':'-';I
ARTICLES 22. The present order will be published in the Official Gazette of the
French Chier Command in Germany and exeeuted as law in the French Zone of Occupation.
Baden-Baden, November 10, 1947
KOENIG
General
French C-in-C in
Gen.'lruty
�J
,
"
.
I - Existing Measures and Projects.
A' - Restitution.
French Zone. "Military' Government Qrdonance 120, as modified
by Ordonances1568rid:lB6, provides f(:jrrestitution of in
dentifiable property,,:but it'is deficient ,in three major
respects: (1)' Insufficient preSumption' of male fides in the
case of purchases from Jews in the period 1933-38 (2) Re
tention of profits and increments 'for a "common fund" (see
below) (3) Retention', of heirless property for the common
fund.
British Zone. Thus far, there is merely a provision for
registration ~ Aproposed restitution measure, now under
consideration, is 'believed to be inadequate, 'but the text
has not been generally released by the British.
American Zone. Militar.r Government Law 59, in snite of nu
merous deficiencies' is in principle acce-:-table. The time
for filing claims has expired (Dec. 31, 1948), and,the
actual process of making return is about t9 begin.
B - Indemnification.
French Zone. Military Government Ordonance 164 provides for
indemnification in certain respects for victims of nazi per
secution, but payments are to be made out of the common fund
referred to above. The source of most of the fund would be
Jewish property, but the beneficiaries of the fund would in
preponderant measure banon Jews.
British Zone. British officials in Minden state that they
are "actively considering" a general clatins (indemnification)
measure, but as yet nothing ha9 been promulgat~d.
Ame~ican
Zone. The German Laender themselves have submitted
a proposed indemnification law (to be promulgated by them
selves) to General Clay whose decision it awaits. Its major
defects are (1) fsilUre to include DP's a9 beneficiaries
(2) establishment of arbitrary and inadequate ceil1t1gs for
�YIVO
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(FAD 41-46)
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certain classes of damages':(3) '8rbitr8ry·appli~tion;·1n . <,
making payments, 'of's cOnversion·ratiowhich....ould reduce
benefits to one tenth 6ftheirstated value. "(4) failure
to permit a successor organization to get heirless claims.
..
'"
."
~
.'
,
~
.
'.~
NOTE: Therear no'restitutiOn~ indemn1ficati~" measures' ~ the' .
..estern sect~ of B e r l i n . ' . . ,.....
"'. :'".
.
" '. '
'..'
II - Parliamentary and Political Conditions.
The expected creation of ·a·trizonalGerman state affords a neVI
occasion for pressing for adequate restitution and indemnifica
tion measures, on the groUnd of- desirability of uniformity, at
least in principle,' in' tbe .entire trizonal area. The minimum
objectives we seek in our .own attempts are restitution along
the lines of American Milltary-Governement Law S9 and indemni
fication along the lines of the measure passed by- the American
Zone Laender but with correction of the shortcomings listed
above.
.
While it ..ould doubtless be better to have these measures im
posed by- the three military- govern~ments acting" together, we
are attempting to evoke' sUpport on several fronts. We are urg
ing German political groups:to incorporate into the proposed
constitution a provision favoring adequate restitution and in~
demnification measures. We are try-ihg to win the support of
American military-government officials, and ..e continue to
make representations to the State Department in Washington. We
have also had informal conversations with French and British
military governement officials in Germany to present to them
the American interest in unification in these fields.
Inclusion of the three western sectiOns of Berlin within the
scope of any trizonal program of restitution and indemnification
would of course be desirable. Since prompt realization of this
goal is at least uncertain, we have be~n ~ging separate tripar
tite measures for the three western sect~ of Berlin. Here to,
we believe it is desirable to approach German political groups
as well as the military government officials and Foreign Offices
of the occupying powers
With respect to the French Zone, two major approaches appear. to
be needed. Firsi:;, a plea should be made to the highest officials
in the French Government responsible for French policy in Germany,
urging them to enter into a 'tripartite program of restitution and
�YIVO
RG 347.1
AJC (FAD 41-46)
,~ £::,~f~:~f:'::~Fi36i-·:'-"'65";"··::'-'F'I:rEf"'~- .. ,'. -'~"-
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.indemnificatiOn (comprehendin~f tbe western'zones and western sece
t~of Berlin) meeting the' aoove statedmiriimum"standards ...... , .
SecOnd, a like 'plea' should be made Tor :1mmediate 'unilateral'mOdi
fication of the measUres in the French Zone to meet' these stand';"
ards. In this connection, it may be pointed Out that; although a
contention to the contrary will probably be made, no action taken
thus far under the existing French Zone measures is incapable of
being readjusted to confo~ with the modified 'standards proposed
here.
The apparent incongruity of pressing simultaneously for trizonal
coordination and unilateral modification is a necessary practical
expedient. Since no one can be confident that trizonal coordina
tion will be achieved, the possibilities of effecting improvements
in any single zone must not be neglected. Moreover any closer' ap
proach in a single zone to the standards outlined would make ul
timate trizonal unification in these fields easier.
11. I.
)
�Y:IVa {A;vI, j ~ l#' - C. "f\ J
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Box 65
File 5
AMERICAN JOINT' DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE
OROPEAN
EXEOUTIVE,
TELEPHONE
S.AlNT~DOM:INIQUE
119, RUE
PARIS (7"')
INVA r .IDES
OOUNOIL
/
l
87~83'
87-55
. 79-37
OABLES & TlilLEGRAMS
/
JOINT FUND - PARIS
July 19, 1948
Paris
,
,
Le~ter No. l Z(~ ..
•
.'-,.
'
.AJDC NEvi YORK, Attention !-~. Eli Rock
To:
From: AJDC PARIS, Office
General. Counsel
'OGC/GER/F/50 ~ French Zone . Restitution Law
. '
Be:.
~je
at
are referring to our letter. No. 1153 dated July 6, 1948
(1) M. Huisman arranged a meeting between us and No Debre, the Secretary'
General of the French Ministry for German affairs. This meeting took
place in the afternoon of July'16, 194G. :Hr. \'Iolfsohn and. the under
signed took part in the discussions.
(2) M. Debre did not yet know at the new ordinance and had some difficulty
, in obtaining a copy 'of the official gazette although the ordinance had
. been issued on June 29, 1948.
(3) vie limited the discussions to the restriction of the right to inher:l.tance
stressi rig tpe ·fact that this restriction vIas a confiscation of rights
established by the first 'restitution ordinance. M. Debre agreed that
this was an act of confiscation and that it vrc!.s a "strange ll piece of
legislation." He imritediateli called in some of his officials and very
anphatiCall"'proteste~ a.gainst the fact that Baden-Baden had issued such
decree.withoutprior.corurultation with hini.. He also gave instructio.ns
-to call Bad~n-Baden 'on the phone' the next day (Juiy 17) ane. to ask for
an immediate r~ort. "
,,'
.
(4) M.
Debre promised to do all he could to. ranedy what had,' happened and he "
arranged a second meeting with us for Homay July 26.'
-.
(5) In ,the me~nt~e' we have lear-ned that lRO is thinking of making represent
ations. to the French Zone Cqmmander in order to have the proceeds of the
heirless property 'fUIds used for D.Ps. in the French' Zone. Such a .
, solution,' however', WOuld nOt be favourable to the Jews, as there are
, approximately 30.000 D.Ps. in the French' Zone out of which only about
800 are Jews.:':., We ,do riot think the.tIROwill do very much in this matter'
andwe~'do not think that they will succeed. ile will, however, watch
their. activities· closelY'~ .. .
b35 82 '. "
,
'
", "
,W',
. Committee hits the active coOperation !:If the
. .. .'
Appeal. Oulsid~ of the United States the Joint Oistrlbution~;,:
; the: United Jewish Refugee & War Relief Agencies, Canada; the Central':;":'~::',;·
;;<;. \
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-2
(6) As it might 'be difficult for the ministry to have ~neral Koenigls
ordinance revoked, it may be that a compromise ..:ill be offered
according to which the limitation of the right to inheritance might
be maintained but the funds used only for Jews q vie should like", to
ad~ that there is no indication at II' esent that such a compromise
is contcamplated, by the French authorities, but it lJl9.y be a possible
development. :i
'
We therefore believe that the questi on should. be discussed in New York
as soon as possible and thatinBtructions should be given to us (and to
).Ir. 'io'olfsohnls to what a~titude we should take in this matter. Should
we insist on the revocation of the limitation to inheritance or should
we take the line toot the limitation would, be acceptable if the proceeds
of Jewish heirless property ,will be used only f~r Jewish victims of
Nazi oppression, and i f Jewish organisations would be given control in
the administration of the funds.
(7) Just now a new development has taken place. We ~ave been informed ~hat
an ordinance regulating the iniemnification of victims of Nazi oppression
in the FrenCh Zone has been published. lie \'lill receive a copy of the '\
ordinance tomorro'f and will se~ it on to you ~riatelY.
~jeis
Dr. Gkge
Attorney
.' "'~
,
'(
I
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",1
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�YIVO
RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(Frg: Affrs Deptj-41-46)
Box 65
'
File 5
.../ " "
.-/
.,..,/.~
.
/ / ' 'AMERICAN JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE
..
'
/.,~.., , . "
'
,,,~,
.'::"(,
119,
RUE
TELEPHONE
SAINT-DOMINIQUE
87-83
EUROPEAN EXECUTIVE
COUNCIL
PARIS (7"')
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)
87-55
79-37
OABLES & TELEGRAMS
JOXNTFUND - PARIS
July
,Paris Letter No. 11
. To:
6, 1945.
~l
AJDC N:E'A" YORK, Attention ?·fr. Eli Rock
,
From: AJDC PARIS, Office of General Counsel
Re:
OtU' Hef. OGC/GER./F/50 - French Zone Restitution La,,; ~
Referring to our letter No.
557 dated April 13, 1948, we are enclosing:
(a) copy of a memor.ndum which has been submitted hy the
French JewishOrganis.tion to ~h'. Schneiter, French
l·tinister in ch...rse of Gennan affairs" and
(b) copy of a new draft ordinance which has been preS'areQ by the
office of the Zone COI1Jl!":.ander in &'~l€n-B;".clen.
, I
i'le sho..u.d lime to add the following remarks:
,!
(1)
,t
,
!":
Al th~ugh we hOi.,re pressect CRIF and the AlliD.nc(~ Israelite for action
they submitted the memorandum only on June 30. They learned of the
(
new draft only from.us.
(2) The new draft does not t~ke into consideration any of the points made
by the French Jewish organisations either in their r:revious or in their
last memorandum or in the discussion which took place in Baden-&.den
some weeks ago. Although Baden-Buden had promised the Jewish organi
sations that they WOuld submit new drafts to them for comreents, this
was not done.
The new draft deteriorates the J~dsh position. ~J restricting the
right of inheritance to the first ~nd second degr~e the amount of
heirless property is increased. This heirless property wil1 be used
90% for the indemnification of non-Jews and 10% for Jews. It proposes
therefore the eonfis cat ion of Jewish property ~'-:r~@- of rion-Jews and
in fa.vour of the' German Laendet. .
....
....
,
_.'
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'
(3) SOI!le days ..go Mr. Fisher met SOCially Hr. Pregel 'ilho arranzed (in
ani
, "
'.
.~_ ~ppointrnent be:twee~Mr. Fis!te:r::
f.f. George Huisman, t:. member of the
.''::;
" ". ,:':: Conseil d 'Etat'~~ Mr~ HuisriW:h ,showed great interest in t he matter and..
')
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Box 65
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-2
very fr&.nk in his .criticism of the ne,,. draft. ~lhcn he, hOi'lever,
cal-led ~!. Cassin, the president of the Conseil d' Et<\.t ;~nd the le..ding
Jewish' personality in France, the onl;r result of .the interviaw was an
appointment vIi th 'H. ~leill, the secretary gener...l of the Alli;:.nce 15
r~elite with whom, of course, we ""re in close and C,)flstant contact
any-vffri.yo
W&i.5
(4) Together ...rith t1r. \'loltson of the Allericr;;n Jr;wish
Comr:~ttee
I'le then saw
him the urgency
of the :n.ii. tter and our disappointment th.:J. t ~,fter nine months, of neGo
t.iations the Frency. JeHish org...nisatLms h:.i.ve stiJ.l no close contact
with the French authorities and have tc learn fro!!! us elf nEW dr~'.ft5
rlhich are prept2.redA
.
Mr. Keill yesterrui.Y i.fternccn in erder to impr8ss
~;cn
Ue also told M. Weill that we ."ere surprised to saeth.t the ':!lemorandum
of June 30, J.948 had been signed by the ¥.iorld Jewish Cengress ';lr.ilst the
:'Jnericc.n Jewish Committee and we had alwaye been .l.sked by H. ~Je:Lll net
toa.pproach French authorities because vie _,-ere foreign organis...tions.
1·1~SchneitE:r :Ln 1:;r'1ar
to arrange an interview between N.. C.:.s5in, H.. lvieiss and H.. ~'!eill on the
one h:l.nd and M. Schneiter on the other hand. Ue do not kno:', yet v-rhen
this meeting will take ;:-16ce, but· Vie knc\,l alrec:;.dy th...t L Casein ldll
prcb;.;.bl;r not go to see M. $cr..neitE:I' but onlj- }.1essrf;. Iv1eiss:md Heill.
(5) UndG::::- our. pressure H. lVeill called the office of
.
(6) It is our .and ¥.tr. \'iolfson' s imDrcssi::m thut the .french J:'fI,lish or~...ni
sations are not in a position to achieve rell r.es1.llts. It takes them
mcnths before they prepare Ii memorandum or arn~nge an intervi€ u with
the French authorities.. They always hor-e that H. Cassin, 'who is the
. fourth highest dignitary of the F::::-ench RepubJ.ic, would t ...ke .il.n &.ctive
part in these ne£otiations, but \.4}? to nOvl he was obviously very hesit.mt
to do so.
~
Under these c~::::-cumstances it seems to be of gno::.t importance to find
some direct approach to the French uuthorities. From the new draft it
is clear .that at least the autho::::-ities in B~clen-Bc:dEm are openly hostile
to the Je-vdsh point of view am do not hesitate tc curry .f'tlvour with the
Gerp~ns .t the expense of the Jews.
The undersigned is inclined to think that only an open protest agai~~t
the new draft, and especially against the suggested confiscation of
Jewish property in favour of the "Funds" could remedy the situationo
.
.
.
. I
It must be borne in mind t~t any unfavourable legisl,.,ticn in the French
Zone might have far reaching effects in other zones as well. If the
restitution laws shoUld be ur~ied in the western zones, a compromise
will h04ve to ber,Qached in regard to the three legisl..ticns, g,nd the
mo·re unfavourable the legislation is in one of the zones, the more un
favoUrable' will be. th~, compromise.
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�I
YIVO
RG 347.1
AJC (FAD 41,..46)
Box 65
-3-
File 5
There ey~sts an American interest in the French Zone legislation for
two re..scns:
(a) A gre..t number of claimants ~~der the French Zene
restitution law are U.S. citizens;
(b) a lawfavour..ble to the Germans in the French Zone
must make the position of the UoS. authorities in
the U.S. zone more difficult.
vIe are maintaining close contii.ct with Hr..
any further developmentso
l~o+tson
-,Dr.
<ii.nd will report 1;.0 yay.
Geor2''':~
Attorney
ml/hf
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Joel D. Woltaolm
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We havu learned that, the 1renohMUlta17 GfRen-att"'iD GermIiay' I. plimnlng
to amend the reatlt.ut1ort law vh10b It ~te4 lan V1rater.' The amend
ment" as tar as we CD aaoerta1D.,"idll o.tIl.T ~ 'tIl.·lav, worM trom our,
point or v1av. 1 attach 8 oopyot the Ja'opo&e4, ~., .:.'.'< ','
.
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... ,,' ,?I~-~;~~rl;R:: ir\~-~;~~ ;·l.;+.:~t-.~~'~~'~iI,~~~~' '~~t~~~~rlL,~1~~~I:. :~!rt:.~:~:,,~r{·{)~,t~:i:~~- ~;
?:';' ~ ';:.: .
1011o\d.ng a aerie8 ot impromptu dS.auiaiQrUi ,.. ,TOO<npre_tatlwa, '.,
'\ .
,M. Iugtme ~8Ul ot the All1anoe vasclea1eD&tec1b7'h'oteaaor Cuid.D:· \0-,
dlsC'WIS ~he matter with the ~::~o1.I'~:'~,:,A'.~ _et~. at.':
'tJhlch M. Welll UDdertook to p1'Ooeed.~t1o~' ~ . .P,rotGa~r Caaaln
end Judge %+"lu, .to mal:. rspreseDtat.1!U \0 H.' :P1aJTe'Sob.De1t.or, Secret8.l7
of St.at .. tor Atf'air:.; iri the Fremob ~ of Geramr,adlllluatrla, he
.
. handed US 8.c0W of a latter date4 hne 30 ~1~ 1a4d 1M.8ent. to t.ha
K1n18ter 1n1urt.bar r8Ff,tsentatlODot,,. IUtlt.ut,1oal&v."]: at~ch a
i
coft'!'J' 0't this.
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Mr. George Wals ot the J:;Q laPl atatt aDd I .. v~ p'{jat1T IUl"prlaed 011
peruld.nZ the latter to f'1nd..' t.h&taot 0Dly vu,lt.~ed tv tbG 'president
or thl) AllllUioe aDd. tho pr881dento.ttha cau,' but ~ .bJ a,repreHDta- .'
tlva ot tbe World Je'4ah Congreea.': '>. :'",.. ", .. ' .., ';>,~~~:,:,: .' . ,,'
.
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·::::·;~:':,~!c\,: L:r ;', '~C·.:~ /:~.'~". ',i. ' '. .
I prote8t~d "fif.orOWJ~ to M. Weill that. thb .....d· to be in violation
or our UDderstandlnz that the F.renoh ..gim!utiou . . . to·· baDdla thla'
matter and that no external groUp ·vould ·p&rtlolPate'.-' :,lfe P01nt.ec1 out.
. that 'except
that &greemant we would' 12&.,. apprOaohfi4'the ,Frenoh
,
M1DiBtriolli lnvol.....d dlroctll'.We were p&niClllU'l.1"-1'Il8d ',t.bat to'
'8 cons1clerable degree the' arswDaDt.'pNae.te4,~ ,t,helat~t.1a:e t.ho.. ·
which had baeD dmloy;)ed·at .. oontenD.aa 1Zl t1U' 'ott1Oe partlCd.pated 111
lu~ winter by repreaentatlV11e of tile ~,. ~ha.lll1·. ., MUtoll ,W1nD
__A 11I!'a'. ....U
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It was obv1owl that M. \leW"
it vas t.h8 Frenoh bftnch. of the
letter, 8Dd I potatedcut ~hat .
:ia.any event, it
ocmtrar,y to. ,
was
-,...
"
I expressed to him theop1DioD that
. then va voulcl p1"Ooead. dueat]a"ince .
organizations. had .not Jet e&tabllsh~
appropria~. m1n1at.rles 110 tha~ the7
.
manta in the' field. 'of ~+t.ut1ori~
.'.
Mr•.. ~;;d~
tb8' JDC
beea 1Jlvoted 'to· :·cona1dertbe. .
the American' Zone.we vera vel1
. of
··PC;iDted.;Ut:·.·
,
./
_,_
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,~. of. HIltJ:~utlO1l
legS.8latlOD,. lnlt.1n the rNDoh Zona'.
".l8afta ahDilt,"4ml.oplllmte
atter the faat or.vh8n thlaga .haVe. ~. rio. tar· a1_" t. -t.hfj FOblea of
maetiDgobjeGtlonabla
drattS"1aJllDl'8~:~t'.,·::~~~,
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I.
I.,
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Iu~h!IP1Dg ~tve ..m~~.~,~~r~,~:'i\~i~0~'~g,~"/;~;,_
'are proeeed1Dg on the restitution ;problaia."~{·It1aill'''''-:t.laat·"I .viU Adt
in on the meet1Dg being ~~ bet. .
tatlV8.'~Q.t.~!l8, .1]:18"
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YIVO RG 3'47.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
,,
(Frgn Afrs Dept 41~46)
Box 65
I,
File 5
He.. Xork, 1. 20 Janv1er 1948
S.E. l'Aaba•••a...
4e 1a ~pV.'bl1q..
Walb1Dgtoa. D. C.
'ra.aw 811'
Exo.Uenoel
Lee ors8n1_a,10ae .ou.81gn'•• 0"t l'honneur
4e
18 _ao........ o1-1llclua, au .uJet de
l' OrdoDftaDoe Ro. 120 "la'lf t .. 18 :rea ~1 'UtlOA d.1 biens
.,an' tal, l'obJe' 4' ••t . . . . .po11at1oD, ~o.ameft' pro
JlUlsu4. 4aU 18 10•• 4'OoOupaUOD rraDia1•• ea Al1emape.
,.OUS '0_"1'8
L'OrdoaD.aoe 110 oont1ent oertaine. d1epo
11'lonl qul, ... 'rep yape', ..
p~ol.e., l'appl1que
raleD' .. d"rtae"t 4,. Ylotl........ 4U Hazl,... ED
'ou'4ta' 4e
'e11e qU'.11e 101' ell,.e pau'
'
a.aurer 1& J••
'qU1t.ble ...tltu,lon 4•• blen. don'
le. 'flot1••• oat .,', 4.p08111.... llaD._ l' enaeable, 11
,,.14••, ~. l'Ordoaaaa.e aooord. aus Allemand. qui
OD' protl,. 4.. .pollanoaa DaI1••, U 'ral'emellt 'bea\1
ooup plul a4D1reux que 1& 101 fraaial•• D'acoordl 8UZ
01'0,••• t~al. qui 0'" aoqUl8 de_ blene de pera'ou".
all ooura 4e 1, o_pa'loa Ie 1& 'ranae.
tm
I.'
.".'t
'I .,
lou. yoai prio.. 4e bleD youlolr attlrer
Go••lram. .' sur 1. oonten. 4\1
m4moND4ua .'taollll. Ito•• 8ap41'088 teRemeD' que 1e
Gou"rAe...' 4. 1& lllpub11Ci"e ..-oudra blen lDOd1tl.~,
l'Ordoanaaoe 10. 120, all. que 1•• vlctl••• de 18 pers4
l'&"8n'10& 4e 9O're
OUt10D . .&1e 801.., a....... 4'. . miD1mua 48 aett. Justice
QU a'" 4e tou , ••• 4au 1& Up. de 18 poll tlquG _,
de. trad1 'Uoaa "'lonale. traJljfal••••
.,
'
de DOtr8
ha,,'., Yetd.lle. apt4el',
oo••144ratloa.
ED111ence , l' a8suranoe
.
. Amer1can Jo1nt »i.trioutioD Oomal't..
American Jew1ah
Coaml"..
Jewish AgenoJ tor Palestine
World Jewish Congres8
Amerioan Jew1sb
Conferenoe
�YIVO
RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
No. 120 du
M4aoraa4ua au aul-' de l'Ordonnanoe
Oo_daDt .. ollet 4. 1&· &oDe d 'Oooupation Fran"alse en Allemape.
No date ·C.tl:t:o¥{ed to Jan. 20,
1948)
(Frg:
~f:~~~
Dept
.
L.Ordo...... 10. 110, 101n d'assurer 1aB~is~i .t File 5
'qultable re.tltutloD ... ~eD8enley4a aux vlotlme. du Na&1sme,
all oontral...,· ooati-ea' aD IlOIlbre 4e 41spoel tiona qui . ' appllque
rale.t aa4l'rlaea' 4•• vic'l... 4.. 1018 spoliatrio•• nazles.
11 ••, '1'14.'
q". 1.8
atlpu.1atloll8 .OU"'~Dum''''e8 de l' Ordonnance
120 aloorle aax All... aa. qul
Da&1••,
u
011' protlti de. lola apollatrlces
tra1'_eDt pl1la 11l4ulgellt que l'Or4oDDance ;·ran~a1e •
• 0/7'10 4Ia 21 Awll lH6 (Jounaal ottl01el au 22 AYr1l 1945)
n' Aooorle au 01to,.8•• t~a1. qul OD' aoquie de. blen. d••
per.4cna". au ooura 4. 1Ioo.upa'loD 4e 1& Franae par I' enDed
0" q". 1& 1.01 110•. H NO_ _' prouulguf!. daDS 1a Zone 4' Oaoupe.
'loa ~rloa1a. e. Alle...._ 8M aulet de la restltut10n d••
ble•• D' ••OOrd.. au AlleaaD4. 4. oet'. Zone'
1. cren. ca"leU. .It tormul4. dana l'Ordoanano. No. 120.
l'obl1satl•• ~ ... l 1& ebarge Au proprl'talre 4eposa'd'. 4.
r,abo"n•• 1. prix ...era' par l'aoqu4reur 'qul.aut pratlquement
1 Wl did . . .suatloe.· AlolS que dans tOUI lea ca. ofl des aetas
4e 41apo.ltl.a 0" ' " acoompli8 en cons'quenc. de aesuret
esorbl'..'e. . . droit 00. . . . .t dana lee oal A'aoquisltion de
tol par oOD.eatlol18 direot.. aYeo 1. spoU'. 1,
D'art' lraaSal. dull Avrll 1940 axon're a.sement le proprl'talP8
44po8.44' ti l' oWeatl0. 4e rembour••r 1e pr1x vera'! dans 1&
mea"N •• 11 a'
ura ae rotl t' l' Ordonnance Noo ~20
ent l tOU8 18. ca. 8aD.
exoeptl0. '(arI. 7 , oOllprl8 1e oas ott la.doila. n Uaura pas
p.~" p.reo...U ...., 1. prix vera4 par 11 aoquereur.
Alnsl,
1. proprt.4'al" alpo••'''' ••ra1' tenu l rembours8llieDt••&.e
81 1. prix .'aUN1t
que aomlD.41eD18I)t pq', ou auralt
...".al..
,e. a... rem ur•••
ret. . par
80a
't'
agent.
0"
s'11 en aural'
~"
't'
d4pou11U par
quelqll, auton" Daal' 80UII lID. ,"text. qlleloonque. Jf.ntln
(art. '. par. 2), .1 1 I 8Oq\&4"ur 'tabll' sa Doane tol, 1e
proprl"alre real. eD po•••• eloD eet tenu a remboursement. mlm.
au 0.. ok U A'.ral' paa r.~u. le montant, lIl8ma nomillalellent,
oo... daQe 1.e ea. ol 10 _ .a, droit ou lat4r1t .t&1\ oontl.que
et 8ube4q".....' ••n4•• · Le proprletalre est ausal obl1g4 de
ruboura•• le prlx .. 1'84 par l' 80Clu'reurml.. 81 cett. somme
••t plll8 41.Ylfe que 1e _Il'ant peZ\" par le epoUt.
.a'
2. AUGua 44la1 Ilt
PNft " I' art1cle S pour le rembour
aell8D' 411 prix pe~\l ., 4•• lapen8e8. (Volr par oontre art. 46
4. 1a Lol _1'10&1_ 10. 09 et art. 8 d, l' Ordonnance f'ranya1se
4 ... 21 A.vrl1 19_).
.
3. l.'Or4anDaDOe (ar'. 6) annule tout•• charges, A1potbltques
., drolt. r4ela 4on' 1e. blena, drolt. ou Int'rlt8 4u d'posa44'
�YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
./
- 2 -
/
- "c.
(FAD 41~46)
(Attch.J~n. 20, 1948'
Box 65
aural.t .,' sr'ri8, ..s.a e1le ae oontlent auc\U\~ d18plsi1!1o~
e-JrJ)l101,. au. au"e' 4•• 4."•• qUi auraat ,tI oontract'•• ). 14
obara- 40•••tre.prl••• ooamelOla1•• ou. lDdu8trlelle•• 51,c••
4e" •• e.a' 4e,'I;1U•• " ftater ·...alabl••, (aucnm 1llYellta1re
analogue .. oe1u11J1pa.4 par 18 Dt10ret Fruiale du. 21 Avrl1 1946
(art_ 1', ..par. a) • •'4'aIlt pHft par a111eura). 1•• Wn4flc••
d. 1I0r40aaaa08 •• fanD' da proprl"a1re 4tfposs4d4 aera1erat
purea••' l~.olre ••
I.' O:rdolUUlAO. • ••, 4' ',.Dl.1r UJl platOad au IAOntan'ta que
1. proprl'talr. tipo••444 ••, teA1l rembourser, 4aAa lea cal
.a.e
o~ 1& p~rl'" re.t1~'.
aura perdu. lubstanti.llement
8a Yaltv (volr art. '" (IV) 4u
~oret
Aa4r1oa1o No. 69).
de
". L'O:r4ou.... oal' 4e .wtlJJ1r 1. 'Jus'. prb: d'aoqU
altloD' (8J."t. 8). oa peut .' attendre 0. lon l oe qu.e 1&
aarae cl I 1.teJIPJlWlu.t10. qul ••, uaal W.s40 a~ Cour. All...
aaDd•• aU au.la' c. term. 'JUI'. PrlZ· 801t utill.'_ pour
'oarter de. . . .laaatlo.. l'sltla... 11
dono lradispenmable
4. 44fll11.. aTeo pr'olaloa 18 - Jue. prix·. La Lol 10. 69 du
Gou.T.ra....' 1l111tal" • •r1oa1a 44fla1' 1,
·Justa prix' d'un
.bJe' 00. . . " . . . -la 80. . . a'arceftt qu'Uft aoheteur oon••n
'ant pqerat' (ll'breaeat) e' quia veD4eur ooftaentan' aGoepte
ral' (l1l:J:r••eft')a a_pt. teaa, claDe 1•• ou d'u. entrepriae
oomaerolale, 4e 1.& va1eur • fonda 4. commeroe qu' une ,.11.
eatrep:rl•• r.,p....at.ra1' "'re lei maine d'u.ne perBonne nOD
8UJ_t,. au .eau.re.~'1"84_tloll .en'ti0RIl4•• afl' art1cle 1-.
.a'
(o.n:t. 3,
r-(l.h.. 3, ~
.
•....~.#o . S-IIl,) •
"
L'Or40aaaaoe 10.120 aooord. aU pOBses.sur 1. droit
ct_ prouver qu. 1. b1ea "'olaM a 4t4 aoqul. 8al'l1 oontrainte.
11 ••mble pourtaat t4_n.1re 4' ••p'rer Que le. Tr1 b&lnaux
AlleJlallell
aTeo .'~eotl v1 'W 1.. preuve. qui aeron'
6.
'.&1I&aro.'
eoual••• par 18 po........ e. Tae 4"oarter 1& presomptiora de
oo.trelate. C' ••' .. prdvlaloa 441 oett. attitude prol:Jable des
TrlbuDauz AllemaA4a ' ., 4&Da le bUt 4'eD obYler lee lnoonvi
alenta. 'iue l'aJ"tloi e I 48 1& Lol No. 69· dltermlne que leI
aAml...
aeules preu...
oOllt:re 1& prfaomptloD de oontralnte qui
.'attaon. ~ 'ou,•• lea tranaa,tlona oonelu.s ap~8 la promulaa
tioD 4•• 101- de Burember&8OD' -1& preuve que c,s transaotions
~a1.D' 4'4 oonol......
l'.Dsenoe 4e tout. domination
naz • ou.u.e
&0 \l Nllr a
eme
OMe e a-a stance au
reo
l.'O:r4o.aaaoe 10. 180 De Gontleat aucUIle d1lpod tiOD obl1
ge&At l'aoqUtSI"Mlr, ell ·ft. 4 1 4tabl1r 8. bonne tol,
prou"ep quill
a oonsult' 1. MpatH fouler ou 1. lWg1atr. de CQlllUl'Oe (Voir
D4o:ret AIa'l'1oa1a 10. 69, art. ~1 (3).
' .
a
8. Alorl que l' Or4oJllWlce FJ-aD(i al.e 4u 21 Avr11 1946 pNyoi t
l'aanulatloa ab lD1'tl0 de toue aot•• de disposltion aooomp118
durant lap'rl04. de pera'out1ona ayeo tout•• cons'quenoea d.
�/
YIVO
/
AJC
f
RG 347.1
(FAD. 41~46)
Box 65
-1
File 5
Attch. Jan.
20~
1948
drolt, l'Ol'dolUla". 120 "8'nla' 80D appUcatloD au.x bleu
lAe.tiflable. . . . . . . .'41 1& r'Olamati0D. Ce,t. 41apo81tloD e.'
48 Datura l eaoour&ser 1•• po8.'lseure aotuele 801' • d4trulre,
801 t ). 0.....,.
bl_.
aO_I, aUK teme.
l' OrdODDaDce.
D'aut;e p.~, 1•• Ooars All....... peuvent l'interpreter de taioa
l exolure4•• obJet. BOa id.ntlflable. par nature (machiDea,
~D8trum.n'a, ~haa41 •••, .to.). Entla, lea r401amatioD8
1..
lD41a_'
'eD4an' • o..,t.ld.r 18
4.
l'81li1». . . . . . ., de dollJDlli'88
oaustfa pal" 1.
talt 4. "'aoqUNV, 0" par sa taut., aloll que lee droit. de.
au.broaaUoD a•• P1"O=,t&1". 44))o.84a,., ne .emblent pae couvert.;
omielloft "aut.., P
4aage~U8., qu'allcunl prov1sion D, semble
ayoirteDu OO~,. de. rleqll•• 4e preaorlptloa. L'art1cl.' (1)
.t l' arUol• • 4a D!JONt . . 21 A'n'11 194D et 11 Arti01. 29 do 1.
Lo1 .....:r1oalne .10• • ord,'" aBe proo'dure doDt Oil pourralt
. "tl1.e.' • 'lupiNI'.
7. L'artl01e 8 atteota 1•• blen8.drolta et 1nt~rlt8
40nt les 14g1t1la•• proprlt!ta1Ns ••ron' cU.8paNs Ball8 lalsa"r
d'blrltle,., 88 ronda 4 t IR4eanlt1catloD d,8 v10tlm88 du Nall.ae.
OODa14'l'IIJ1' qllo 1 •• bleDe 4e C).tte oat4aorle 80nt presq,u..
.
esolul velD••'
11 ., a , 4afta oe". tormule de dlstr1bution,
1Ifte orlante ill 8'10e. Ell.
aggrav4e par le tal t que
plelu. Auton' ea'
au Laender dana 1e oholx de .
1lorgan1satloa '1a~uel1.1e. blene en d~.bArenc. peuvent
.
Itre tranat4rd.~ 1Dt1D. aROUDe mentlon D'est ta1t. d•• blens
oommuaaux OM 4•• bleD. appartGftaD' 1 488 organl.atloDS .001al••,
obar1tabl•••u. autre..
,
.
r:!"
4oftra"
e.'
8. 1.' art'lo1e I ( IU) atteo'. le8-trut ta· r8ll'bouratS.
par lea p088.a••~ de aauval•• tol p ua tonde d'1ndemnltlcatloD .
pour Itre 41atrlbu4., daDa ohaque Lao4, aus v1otim•• du Nazlsme,
11 •••01. plu 4Quta'ble de. Ms.rver le8 atJ'U1t., It pour autant .
qu l lls.8oDtrem)ollrS'., auz propr14talrea remi8 en poseesalon, ou.
4, l'attr1bUer 1 11ft toD48 4 ••uu :1 ,'tre d.1str1but1 exolU81vellent
.parml lUX.·
.
1*..
A>
8. -1. "claotloa d•• artlcl.s du Titre III relatlt. ). la
Proo'4ure .' .et pal de aatu.re ,. faclll tel' Wl r4g1ement rap1de e'
••tlatd.aIl'A••."olamaUoaa... : ....
~
.
.
Auo._ .preo441lre 8p40181. D' ~'aD' pH""epour de. oae
4. restitutioad•• bl••••, . ., tal, ltobJetd'aatee de 8pol1atloa,
11 eat certal•. qu. 1eapl"OO'er4sa1taAt 4a c •• r'claaatloD88tu"ont
extrl•••ellt lore.. 'Bdl. . . . prOo4dureap401ale. tenant compte
ooa41 tlODD p.rtlO1lUJre......·, lesquelle. a.aont effectu'ea
1•• transaoUo.. vla48.,·,pourr&1t assurer \Ul "sleaent rapld.. 1.e
"are' rraA9a1. 4Il 21 AVl'111941,~ art.
'tabllt pNole'JD8Dt 1.
de pro_A,," 4oat'11., au.rd.' l1eu de .• 'lllsplrer.
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AJC
.4.
i
RG 347.1
41.-·46)
(FAD
Box 65
File 5
Attch. Jan. 20, 1948
J;,..
I
10.
'4.0Da4 q.e4aaa 1a plupaN dee cas de 8llCO.•••l0.
lea eao.l". pl'Opa'1ialrea .a.· , , , ,...48 par 1•• Allemanda, 11 De .aeable
paa Jut. 48 ftolam.,- aainUres.'. Ie J'4g1eaeDt dee u.xes.1..'Ordon
aaao. n'exoner8 paa 1•• ~zl'l.ra 4. oet~. oattlorl. 4e. lmpSt. de
8uco•••loa .t " ..'rei rea.y......1m1l&1rea, .t •• cela 4aal•••at elle
4lft~r. 4. la Lol Aa'r1oa1.. 10. 69.
,
U. ' L'artlc1. 10 a. l'OnoIUl8lloe"No. 120 ,unable exoa4J"8r
le. 41v.,. aot•• de proo4aare ., autre., r,1atlfa ,a l'applloatloa d,
l'OI'4oJUlallo" de
3\14101&1".. Cepe.dan" cett. eXOIMra1i10D
Il'." fa.l torauU. 41 fayoa expUolt.. far a111eul'8, aUOWle d1.po81
tloR.a ea' pri'Ne e. 0' q\l1 aODo,rA, 14 cautl0 Judioatl loln, (compa
1'81' • l' artio1, 71 4e 1a 1.01 .-.l'loa1ae 10. 8S). 11 I ' 'Raul' qa,
tr1~~uxpo"rn1e.' eu,e. 4, ,,1a d4~t. 4, garanti, 4e demand.uN
ooa.l~~. 00... "rang.rt, . . . .1'\u d laterpr4tatloa. mal-latentloaa'••
'o".tl'&1.
1,.
12.
L'applloaUQIl, .... 418poaltlollS pftV\lCtlpar l'OrdolUlaAoe
Uo. 120
ooAt". e:xolWl1ve8ent aux Allemuds. 11 .at eVident que -,.
4,. 41apOli tion. lapoa'.. par d.. AlItor1" . Kill talre8 ne seront pal
e.'
In'.rp~'''' .~
.sfov" •• ooaBo1eaoieusement par4e. Autor1t'.
d•• Trlbunaux
lap~
,.hl.
Lles.rol•• "'UD.oa,rlle de
.
4.ono ' t " ue oon41t10 alne Qua DOD. Lea 41ff1oult'.
laberent•• A l'.xerolee 4'.. '.1 oontrale pourra1ent etre 411m1ae••
81 l'OrdO"DllDO" PNvola1' 18 OftatloD d'u CODsell de Mv1aloa qul ,
aural, 1e drolt 4. acuaett" • 80D exameD tout•• lei 4ecls10n.
Alleaaa4a.
OOO\1paat••
qui sera1ent prie•• daDa 4•• oas v18~. par l'Ordonaanoe. 0. 00n8el1
4eY1'8.1t avolr 1& faoal" 4. prendre 'toutee d1epoaltloas qui lul
pardtrd.ea' opportu.... ell appUcatloa de l'Ordonnaace.
69 4e 1& 1.01 AMJ'1oa1ae H;. 19).
if .
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Box 65
!
File 6
AMERICAN JBWISH COMMITTEE
THB
;86 FOURTH AVn..'UE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Cable Address, "WlSHCOM, NEW YORK"
TeJephone MURRAY HILL :;·0181
JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER. Honorar, Pwid.nf
JACOB. BLAUSTEIN, Pmidrll'
HERBERT H. LEHMAN, Honor'''1 Via·Pwid.nl
IRVING M. ENGEL. Chairman EXWllifl' Commilltt
VICTOR S. RIESENFELD. Chairman Adminillraliv. Commit". SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF, Honorar, Via.Pmid,nl
HERBERT B. EHR..\{ANN, BOilon, Vi(t·Pmid.flf
ALBERT H. LIEBERMAN, TftaJIIrff
MILTON W. KING. WaJhinglon, Vi(t.PrtJid.fll
GUSTAVE M. BERNE, Anodal. Trtalllrtr
FRED LAZARUS, Ja., Cincinnali. Viu·PrtJid.1I1
. EDWARD A. NORMAN, Sumar,
JOHN SLAWSON. bUIIliv. Vie.·Pmidrlll
NATHAN M. OHRBACH. N.w York. Vi(t·P",id,nI
RALPH E. SAMUEL, New Y ..rk. Vi(t·Pmidrllt
DAVID SHER. Ntw York. Vi"·Pmid.,,t
JESSE H. STEINHART. Sail Franciuo. Viet·Pruidrlll
ALAN M. STROOCK, N.w York. Vi(t.PrtJidtlll
FRANK 1. SULZBERGER. Chicago. Vi(t·Pwid,"1
June 7, 1949
Dear Moosez
It is a hard job to get hold of a busy man like Prof. Cassin,
and so I had to exploit the windfall of the presence here of Mr.
Braunschvig to get some action along the lines suggested by your
letter of May 4.
The outcome is that both Mr. Cassin and Mr. Braunschvig promis ed
jointly to approach M. Fran~ois-Poncet on the subject of heirless
property in the French zone, in a manner which would exhaust all
arguments available, including the intimation that the Jewish organi
zations here are about to apply for official U.S. intervention.
We agreed, of course, that we shall give some leeway to this
action of our French friends a~d of your own Sub-Committee in Paris,
before approaching the Secretar,y of State for a demarche in this
matter. However, the delay will not be too long, since it will not
be possible for us to postpone State Department action on Mr. David
Bruce's request for instructions very long.
We have agreed with Mr. Braunschvig that your Sub-Committee will
raceive, through Mr. Weill or Mr. Monneray, full and prompt information
about the Cassin-Braunschvig action launched here. I was assured that
this action will be fully coordinated vdth that of your group in Paris.
As soon as I receive any written material from Mr. Brauns c hvig ,
I shall aupply you with it promptly.
Sincerely,
~~
Eugene Hevesi
Mr. Max Isenbergh
American Jewish Committee
30, rue La Boatie
Paris 8e, France
EH:rs
. . . . 181
ccz Dr. Orai~ Mr·~ Rock, Mr. Jerome I. Jacobson, PariS (JDC)
~:
.
�/
YIVO 347.1
AJC
(FAD 41~46)
Box 65
File 6
. , zt, 1949
�YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh cmtee
{Frgn Affrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
P'Ounds of
casct11Jid.natlon . . . hom Jews against. whom a complete schcmtJ
of ext.erminat1on aJda:propriat1cn was underta4en. Thus, the Amerioan
Law proTides for t.he ut.U1_t1on of unclaimed ":'6.00 heirless propert7
according to Claasea or categories ot victims, and property t.aken trom
Jewa 18 dediaated tor the a1cl ot Bum ving Jewish victims, propert,7
take from Cathollcs mq be 41aimritor the bene£lt of surviving CatbaUc
victims, etc. Ia ~ out these principles the U.S. Authorities ba.ve
. recognized. theJew1sh Reatltut10n $ucceS80r Organ1zation~ a non-protit
'. . New York M.em.bership CorporaUcD, whose membership inciUl.ies the repreeent
'. ativ. Jewish ra11.et an4 wOlfa" organizations in the world:, as the
8uc~essor organizatloDto recEd.:". unclaimed aDd ilGirle~s 'Propert7 ot
JeWish or1g1n and. t.o 'ue such property tor surviving Jewish vietw.
Under t.he Americn law ill _ wet Call the German StateB be the ben.
tiC1ariea at the p~pC't~ .t preecuteea.
tnt-he Frenoh.:¢one
Do
such provisions exist.
IDst8ad.t heirl&88
and. unclaimed propertt i . l'e.el'Yeclfor a Connon Fund u.nde~t.he juris
diction a.nd adm.1ni8t'.ratloD otth.e Gormanb'tates. Ne provision iamade
that the pn>pe:rtl'sboul4 be ued tor the classes ot surviving victims
accordi. to t.he ong1n of 'the propert1'.~..nother gross inequitle.:x:1st.s
1.ri the French 8tntct.ure tor deal tna with heirless property. Under another
Ordinance (1164) prov1alon i8 ad. to indarm1f7 persecutees tor the personal
injurios, harm, and. DOn-identJ.tlable property losBes theT suftered under
the Naus, InStead ot bav1na t.bu. wrongs remedied whOiUy by the Gel'D18D
StateD, aala coat_plat.ed. in tbeU.S. Zona, the French Zone ~"1wprov1d_
that the CoJaraoa FvalaaMta 4er1vecl under the restitution law shall be one
of t.he source. out. of wh1cb viet-1m. sball be indemnitied.. Thus t.he error
i8 compoUDded, aa4 :i.D ·t..belAet. a.nal.7a1s, Yictima otpcreecut1on and d18
crim1natloD ·are redress_(t.. what little extent such matters can be
redressed) out of, ~. propen,y of other' victims, instead ot bl the GermaD
states.'
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a.~eci"r.v1do.~.t t.beia~"for
the Freneh Zone -U:i& providoD
Propert,7 of penacuteea be devot.ed to the.
relJ.et. I'wbU1tatioa aIid naet.tl_ent. ot aurv:1;ri.1lI victims according
t4) the origl. ot the propel'tl' aDIl that execut10n of th18pr1nciple be
plaeed iD the ban48 ~. reepofti1b1e rf!presentat1vea of thti variou8 elasilsa
~t vlct.1IIIIII.. .repreieIlt.a'lY.~~h Accessor organizat.ion shoul.cl be
:_pD1f81"ed tor, 'pro~ot!~ah origin, - &npreaent,at1ve .Cathollo
&lUoeQ.or or8an1-~ abDu1l' ... ~ 101" pro})orty of O&tbo;,1.
'~:" oripn, et,a!,~_~""'"
then of 1n1emrd.tlcatiol1 aholill4 be
- --:--'-.' lift to faU"tapOif
· · w h 8 1 " 8 it belongs• ."
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�YIVO RG 347.1
AJC
(FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
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fit.~. U~$;.gl_.·Fropert,o·
1itII4IJ:I"lIUoIQ;' . Nbab1-l1taUOi,iUlI1l'osettl.... .
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Box 65
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~::,-"-~
Am Jwsh Cmtee
i
\
(Frgn l\;ffrs I?ept 41-:46) ''--..''-...
, . Box 65
F 1: le 6
"''', -" "'-,
COP Y
May 24, 1949
TO:
Dr. Hevesi, Mr. Rock, Mr. Boukstein
FROM:
N. Robinson
~
Heirless property in the French zone of Germanl
According to information received, the filing date in the French
Zone was extended until Aug. 15 for individuals and common funds. It may
be asswned that no further extension will be granted.
In .this connection the follo,Ying problem arises:
If we press only for a change of the provisions of the decree
relating to the composition of the funds and the purposes for which the
property should be used, we may lose the precious time for filing claims
in regard to these properties. In other words, even if we succeed in this
point - after considerable delay - the funds may have no assets because they
may not be able to file the claims before the expiration of the tL~e limit.
On the other hand, if the funds provided for in the present law or the
Staatsanwae1te are required to file all claims in ttme, these assets will
~ot remain in the hands of the present illegal possessors and will represent
property whose disposition may be determined even later in accordance with
our request. The objection against such a procedure would be that in asking
for action by the funds we recognize them implicitly. However, this could
be alleviated by stating clearly our point of view.
I would suggest that our friends in Paris be asked to give us their
view on whether, in approaching the Department of State, we should not ask
for both: change of the provisions of the decree so as to adapt them to the
U.S. zonal law, and - in order not to lose the time provided for filing of
claims - until such time as the amendment will be made and Jewish funds be
established, the present machiner.y under the decree be used to file all
claims for master1ess and unclaimed property, acting for the benefit of the
organization which we advocate. It should be made clear that the second
request is dictated solely b.Y questions of expediency and urgency and does
by no means represent the recognition of the present set-up. However, the
urgency of action by the funds or the Staatsanwae1te should be stressed and
:Che Department of State.requested to convey to the French Government the
obvious necessity of speedy action in filing the claims. We could request
that the JRSO which has vast experience in this question should be given a
possibility of assisting in filing the claims.
'I'he above suggestion is based on the fear that, if we restrict
ourselves to changes in the law, the French may not establish the funds at
all in time and may not advise the Staatsanwae1te to file claims (as happened
in France proper) contending that they did not act because of our requests
for cr~nges in the decree •
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;;;
(Frgn Affrs Dept'3
DRAFt LiTTER
•... , '
,
0 MA1 19,,9
4l~46)'
Box 65
File 6'
Mq
12, 1949
'nle Hon. Dean Achason
Secretary ~ State
State Dopartment llu.il.ding
Washington. D. C.
Dear Mr. Acheson.
The undersigned desire to bring to your attention certain facts
J"el::arding preaent restitution of heirless Jewish property in t.he French Zono
of Germany.
These taots in ')ur opinion are su1'fic1ently serious to warrant
the intervention of the U.S. Govonllllent.
The approach taken by the Ii'ronah
authorities and the paradoxical implications of Ulat approach may be summarized
as follows:
In international conferences
~'rance
has t.aken the position that
he1rlcuB Jewish proporty in neutral countries should be used £<lr tho relief at
tho Jt')wisn survivorsj 'I,'hen dealing 'rl1th tJ:Ut aue question in the ,French Zona
of
.Jermany, Frnnce has enacted
:1.
cont.rary p-.')llcy.
In the French Zone, unless
remedial .steps are talmn, the property of hairless Jews who were wiped Qut by
tl:o tlazis is in jeopardy o.t ,falling to the vel"'J state I)r people who destroyed
t.hese Je\l's rather 1nstoad i),f :;oing to the. survivingJew1sh victimS.
Tho French
policy vis-a-vis ather countries las been based on prinCiples of Justico and
·1);IIJity; in t.ile French Zone 1)'£
I.
France 's
:.nlic~·
t.;er:~'
theso principlos r.4VO been nOf.':ated.
foun!.l in neutral.
in
fruncQ was a co-signat.olj' of tile Ji'i ve P~er A,;reerilent concluded qy
the United 5tates, Fr.ance, :Jreat Britain, CaechOslovakia and Yugoslavia in
June, 1946.
Under t.hat A9.;re~entJ "in the interest
on behalf
thn
:)£
01'
Justice, the p'rench Goverrunent.
the 1-'i-#e GoVeI"'!lJJEmts••••••••••••••• are Jlaking represent.ations to
ncu't.ral powers to ;aa.!(a avUlable a.ll assets of. victims of na':.d action who died
',.-:it.hout heirs ••••••• ".
l'r3.l'ICt'l, ',lit.h tne
u.S.
and the other Signatories, declared
:'~'.") ';:Jlic~! t;;at. the :.mrvJ.vi:1~ Jewj.sh viet,lT.s silould be aided ;"ith t.he hei.rless
�.
,,'.
··;tr:r~j~~~~\
-2
propel't7 in neutral countrlai."
(FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
it·... recogliiiacCthat-th8 ~preponC:leranc8ot
suoh property bad belonged to Jews deatrolecl by Rui action.
A.rticle E or the
Agreement signed by France saySI
.......the conclusion tnat n1n:t;t1V8afIl"Cent of the 'heirless
funds r thus macie available ah
be
ocated f:}r the
rehabilitatl.on and rssettIement of Jaw1ah Victims takes
co011sance of the taot. that theBe f\ina:& are ovornhei'Dimr. .,
ems
n orid.n and t
va percent. made . . a
lor
non:::Jow1sh vic,.~ 18 baaed upon a liberal presumption of
'hairless tunds l non-Jewish in origin. The 'heirless funds
t,..., be ur;t~d tor the rahabllitat.ion and rosettlemont of Jewish
victbs of na.zi action should be made avaUable to appropriate
.field or;;anlzationa••• "
Thu.a, Branoe, as a co-signatory and as the agent of tllO fivo plllmrs,
proposed to the neutral powers tha.t ninety-1"ive percent or the heirless propC3rty
found in those countries
s~l':mld
go for t.he rehabilitation
surViving Jewish victiiIiS 1)1' Nazi actlona.
and.
reoett.lrunent of
The Agreement went. furth.er.
It pro
vided that the r.elrlasa funds intended for surviving Jowish victims of Nazi
action "Sil.o:.ll:l be
made
available to appropriate fiold orga.-dzations. It
thUG,
the proceeds were to "be made available direotl J> and jOintly tl') the American
J(Jnish Joint riistribution t;o;am1ttee and the Jewioh Agency of Paiestlne, organi
zations ;.,p.st fitted to tlsn theae funds fl')r the rehabilitation and resett.lemant
of Jewish v"ict..:imB of :jer.lllln !lction."
or:~anl:mtiorus
rlGnce, world-wide representative Jewish
wore entrusted to use the
pMC80da
ot the agroemant .(or the benefit
1)1' Jill.ish vi~ti:!W of {;er:nan aotion. and :DB tunda lIS.de availablo an a result of
the fh-e
iJ;)Wflr
Agree,:r:ent for the benefit of Jaws have been tumed ')var to these
Jewish orGa..'lizations for use in the projoots approved.
ll.
Yvhat france
i;.as
dona in tile German Zone under hls adminiatrati·:m.
A diamotrical~' different polley is being pursued in the .french Zone
f'JC Gar.aany tilal'l was incorporatf!d in the F'i ve Power At;treem.ont.
In November 1947,
the French Goornander in Chief in Ge~ issuedord1nance 120, concerning the
restitution of
d~spoiled
t1rr)perty, for the French Zona r)f occupation.
'fisi'.Jn ·,las :!'Jada to :ilako available hail-less property for too
S'..lrvl. ving
~.o
pro
Jewish
�YIVO
AJC
-3-
347.1
(FAD 41~46)
Box 65
File 6
victi'l1S of Nazism.
mm
Instead, tt.J.s prl)perty is
t,I)
'i
go into
Ita
common fund (to
bo crea.ted) in 900h Land for the indemnification of victll.'iW of Nu;::isrr•• "
While in the Agreement
or
June t 1946 france recognized 'Chat ti~G prepo:lderance
of heirless property was of jewish origin
al1Q
that not more than
5;:; C!)uld
be
pres:l.lnedto be of non-Jewish Ilrigin, ~..et in the 'French Zone franoe has f'""iled
to r~cogniee the 8_a pr1nciplfh
The basic 1·~ts are tile 5~l:tle in Go.rrnany as
in the neutral countries.
It must be inquired as to who are the " vict'L11S of Nazism" in the
i'rcncl1 Zone or Geraany, in which tho Jews either nave been l'ti.ped?ut as elseWI<e}'E!
in Germany, or from which thp. fow survi,,"Ore are emiGrating?
viotims are
HC'lt proper~
the oonefic1ariGs of t!lis Jewish heirless property J nor
art'? there auch numbers of them in the french Zone as to warrant
even
5%,
N1)n-.J'ewiGh
such as was made in the Five Power Anreement.
preponderanee ot the heirless property sh'>1..ud not go to
tim~
8.
dIvision of
Certainly the
non-J~l'fil!h
vic:tirns.
t·:u-e?wr, the absence ot suoh non-JewiSh victims will leave only the Gorman
,
property,
~ as the recipients of heirless/almost all of Jewish orir;in - a restllt very
much contZ'ary to the "Justioe and moral! ty" iinic.h were the founda.tion ')f the
Fi vo Powor Agre8'f1ent..
In audition, the body wiach is to achinister the co;-:ml)n .fund, under the
French .l..a:u, does not. place resp()nsibility i!lr aciuinistration in the hands of the
surviving victims or a representat.ive "orea."lisation beat tib !1t.t.od to use these
i ....mds tor the rehabilitation and resettle:ncmt of Jewish viotims of German action."
Tho French iiBRid: Zone law places the responsibility of administration in an
organization to be "areated. or empawered !,Jr the
It can hanUy beasaumed that. the
~
~. .
by the ~ Government. n
Governmont would have greater concern for
,tho victims ot Nallism·th&D,1thaa tor itaelt. ,Particularly is this so wbere
-
inaction or failure to act Y1gol"OUSl1 will leave the Land i welt as the beneficiary
of the heirles8 Jewish propert".
f
This fact !IlU8t have been recognized by Franae
~~J~~~~~~,':~)~~",' ~ai~;.i"'.I'.lii~"·';k''''''.kW'l;kc*joial.''.R.i~'lt.
,
�YIVO
AJC
-4
RG 347.1
(FAD 41,..46)
Box 65
File 6
when deciding to e!I1pOW9r represent.ati'Ve Jewish bodies W'it.h t.r..is rosjJonsibility
tn.
under the live Power Agreement.
same conclusions are valid for t.he Feenah
Zone a$ for the .il'ive Power Agreemont..
III.
'.hat has been done in too oUler Zones of Oermal}l.
In the American Zone
ot Germany J Mill tary
in Novenbflr 1947, provides for a Succossor
Military Government and not. by the
of itG sub-diV1s1ons
JIOI"
{)r~a. ' lization
German~.
be entit.led t? the heirless property.
59 J issued
to be appoint.ed by the
This Sucoessor Agency is to
(Article 10).
a political sel.!-f:'..,)ver.l.1ng
5uCcAs,;or :)rganil&t1on."
GoV'9rrl:l1ent Law
"Neither the State nor any
bodil' 'Will
he a.ppointed as
In June 1948 the Amerioan i!ilitary "'~venlr.l.ant appointeci
the Jewtsh H.estitution Successor Organization, a non-profit meanbership cr>rp".ration
1)/ representative Jewish organizations as tho successor r.>rnani2',atiQn '1:.0
receivo tlli: entire
~6tatQ
or all
heirlosa Jeffish property.
tnt:? polioy first Bet d.aIm in 1.h.e ,1i'ive Pawer
lmX
Thut' ill keeping with
A~-':'ee!ilent) JewiSh
heirless property
in the American Zone i$ vested in a representative Jewish I'lrg:mi3ation to be
used for the benefit of survlving Je1fieh victiu.
In trIO British Zone, a dratt restitution law ia
pr8sent~'
under
considerat1on and copies of it have been circulated by the authorities to rep
renentative Jewish
Zone ltaw.
or~zat1onB.
It tallows largely the pattorn "f the American
Provision 1s made for one or more "truot corporations" to' be found in
the Britioh Zone for the purpose ot claiMing uncla.i..cled and hairless pr'')perty.
The BritiBh Dra.f't Restitut.ion La also prO\"1dea tor l"'8gulation
(Article VIn).
to be lsaued by the Wl.lt.a:ry Goveronent for tlle 8stabl18hr.lont, compOSition and
scope of the Trust Corporation.
There i8 no indication in the BritiSh
~ne
Draft
LaIr that t.he Land will be the administratorl of heirl88s property in the Trust
Corporations and it 1. ant.1clpated that the BritiBh Regulations d~al1ng with
Truat Corporationa will enable a J.1st -Trust Corporation to be flsubllshad. 1D
-
'.
the British Zone to
".1o~eecl
to unola1med. and he1r18S8 Jewish pMperty, to be used .
. ebab1U t&t'1On.~ 01 surnv1ng Jawillh
r
~~''j~~~~~~~~::t:~~N;1;:;::il\~i:C';i' :,)~L;r' ..:·:,\.'
vicUma.
.... : : , ::,~
There 18 gr~
+"'+.h.a
~ ..... .-4n'
lAG
a ..... A _
�-5
YIVO .RG 347.1
AJC (FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
in the kiva Power Agreement.
IV. Cone:. usions.
It ranW.na tor France to modity the Hesti tution l..u;w of the! F'rdnch
Zone to bring it. tully into harmony wIth the principles of the five Power
Ag!"eement, of which France
WAS
a eo-drarter and signatory and
l,::-,ich
her j;,est·ern
partners in Germany are undertaking to apply in their zones "Jr oc-::upation.
In the opinion
or
tt~
undersigned, the U.S.
g~vernment
is directly
af'i'acted by tM inadeq-u.acies of the .French Zone restt.tution legislation.
present loglslat.1.on
d~part8
'b.e
fundamentally from underlying principles ()f inter
national accords to wh1chboth the U.S. and France are signatories.
It conflicts
with the approach wtln by tiw U.S. Milltary G:wemment in its zone Qf Ge.ru:tan;:T,II
tha'Nlby weakftninl! the effect! veness of tris gOverr
..lnont' Gown poBi tion vis-a-vis
the uormans.
And i.t is in conUiot with funda."1lental morCilit,
fael that t.he Un.i.tod
~t.a.te8
to the French Government.
an~i
justice.
}Je
is lml"ranted in making representations to this effect
We are
sincarel~'
hopfi.!'ul
,i'ind it possible to intervene pr,lCIptly to t·ile lmd
trJl~ t
t.:~·~at
our
Sincerely yours,
1iDerican Jevrlsh COl'lillittea
,'~."
will
tlJB l;ionoue nltu.ation
which now ('.xist.e J!1t\'y be correctod. a.t an earl,y date.
"
i~overnm,ent
�,
YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn Affrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
Paris, 3 Mai 1949
1/
r
Monsieur 1e President Cassin
Pa1sis Royal
Paris.
1
,
Monsieur 1e President t
Nous VOllS sommes vivement reconnsissants d 'svoir bien voulu
nous recevoir bier pour examiner les questions de restitution
dans 1a ZODe fran9aise d' occupation. Noue semmes persuades
que 1a demarche p88ODDe11e que VOllS ave. propose d'effectuer
aupres du tlinlstre des Af'faires Etrangeres marquera un pas de
cisif vers l'unification des lois de restitutiOn dans les trois
ZODeS d •~~~ast.iOD d t Allemagne et la promulgation des mesures
appropriees de restitution dans lee trois secteurs ouest de
Berlin.
Comme VOllS 1e savez, la. lDi N° 59 du Gouvernement milita1re
pour 1a zone americaine, prescrit notamment, que les biens en
desherence d'origine juive seront deferes a une organisation
successorale chargee de les recue111ir et de les employer a
aesister, re1ever et reinstaller les survivants juifs des per
secutions nalies. ED outre, par suite des recentes ameliora
tions apportses' a.ux taut demiers projets 1egis1atifs pour la
zODebrlt8mlique, 11 semble maintenant probable que Papp1i
cation d'un principe analogue sera effectuee dans cette zone.
A la lumiere de ce deve10ppement satisfaisant en Allemagne
occidentale, l'occasion naus paratt propice pour renouveler
1es efforts tentes en vue d'harmoniser 1a 10i fran~aise avec
1es autres. A ce propos naus· sOIllignons que les mesures pri
ses a cA joar en zone franqaise ne feraient pas pratiquement
obstacle aux revisions dans le sens que nouspl"oposons.
La principe meme de consacrer les biens en desherence a l'
assistance, 1e re1e,ement et 1a reinstallation des survivants·
du groupe auquel appartenaient 1es proprietaires anterieurs
est un devoir de justice. . Les minorites ont subiles pires
persecutions en raison de leur rattachement a un groupe, ce
seraitune crue1le ironie que de contester maintenant l'iden
tite deB memes group8S au moment aU l'on envisage de leur ac
corder une maniere, de compensation. Seules des mssures
••••
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�YIVO RG347.1
AJC (FAD 41-46)
Box 65
!
1/
. File 6
il
-' I
(I
- 2
f
/
permettnnt d'utlliser 1es biens des Juifs
pers~cutes ~u ~rofit
des Juifs surviv811ts, 1es biens -'e~ CnthoHques persecutes eu
profit des Cetho1iques survivonts, etc •• etc., permettror.tc'
intrcduire nne equite relative dens cotte r,etlvre ne reconstruc
tion.
ntteindre cet objectlf 11 convicnt que 18 cherge
de recuei11ir et edministrer- 1es biens geit conNce i ne~ or
ganisstioD!l successora1es distinctes rerrcmmt~nt ch~cune '.!D.
grou~ de victimes.
Pour
En cequi ccnceme 1es biens en desherence d~ns '.89 pAyS
neutres, 1e principe de 1'uti1isation, dena 18 mesure du pos
sible, nes biens en desherence au benefice de2 surv1vants du
groupe auqu~ appe.rtenalent les victimes a ete r::cutenu, ainsi
que vcus 1e aavez, par l'Accord de Rcpsr~tions des.Cinq Puis
sanccs, signe par 1e Frence. Ce principe vient ..d tetr~ mis en
oeuvre recemment en Grece, i1 est en voie de I'etre en Bollan~
de ",t aux Etats Unls 11 est Incorpore dans Ie projet de 10i
sur l'sttributicn des biens etrang~rs en desherence, nrojet
dont nrus prevoyons la, rstificsticn d'iei Ie fin de la sesston
actuelle du Congrea.
Votre suggestion c'une demarche rie source emericeine, utili
sant les hons d'fices de l'i\nb..'tssade des Etets TJnis, neus ra
raft jud1eieU8~ d!lns l'ctat actue1 des chostls -7Jt nrus nOllS pro
posons de1'entrenrendre procheinement.
VOlle apprendrez sans doute avec interet que neus avons at tire .
sur cet+-e questicn l'attention du General Cley, ep.lui-ci ncus
a assnre qu'll s'efforcerait JX'rsonnellement d'obtenir l'a"pli
cation en Allemagne oeaiclenta1e et (lens 1es trcis zones occid~n
tales de Berlin, du principe des crganisetions succes90ra1es
inde:.;andantea.
heureux de pruvoir nous j01ndre 6. voas dPJn~ ee
cODl!I!lin ~ffort. Vous nOilS cbligariez trtis viv9!Il'?nt . en nOlls t'3
nant au . courant des suites en c~ .qui vrus concerne et nous
.a
en userOlls, naturellement, de meme ~. votre etBrd.
NOllS somme8
~
Veui11ez agree, t~c,nsieur 1e President, l' assurAnce de not"'e
respectuause CODslderatlan.
N.W. Heckelman
Vice-Chairman, Europ98T.1 Council
.~.
:
Jercme J. Jsccbscn
Genera1CCWlse1, European Ccuncil
AllERIC:AN JOINT PISTRIB1JTICN COMMITTEE
Max Isenbcrgh
Crueel for Euror-ean Operations
AMERICAB JfJ/ISHCClILIITTEI--- ---..~,,---"-.
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. . . ,~~~~.~ho..hmaJd;&·anti·~ Ala
�YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmte (FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
tlons." T~ M. poliOI' ,pJ'Ov1c!ed t.hat the }~l'cHDeds~Qhould be Clade ava.Uab,le
direct11 an:} joll'ltl7 to the ~lc1t.n Jewish .J~iint. Dis'trihutlon Ccmmd.ttee
an4 thl Jr..eh Ascnq of P&loat1nct. organ1aat,loba b(c1at. t;i.tt.ecl t.o usa tbea.
lund. tor tho l*QMbl11tatt.oa &ad rea.ttl,e.ult. of Jwlab d,ct.1ma or German
aat.1on". n~ tuMa ma.tte a..ua~ .e a A$ult. or the F1varowv Agreecmt
top t.he benetit of
1& stJ.lltre1n,g turnlllcl Qver totheue ..;e\d.ah crganiu.
t.lonstor:
10 the FOJ••• eetabl1lhed. lienee, world-wide l"Opl'Gsentat.l".
J~.h cJ"3an1zaUona wtD."O entoru.st.ect to ".. the pro~ot
a~_m. tQr
thG lJ;meflt of Jew1a1l .ut,;Iaa of German a c:tloa.
wa.
".a
II. 1;I;'l~t 'Fran...haa
!1sDt &n
to_
tbe ("n~.aIl Zon! "uni,: her adm1$tlt~,Heth
A,men ob&cure piliq t.be1t\g pVfA1V4 in t.be french ton'S of Ge17l.il1lT t.haD
'Was proposc to
nau.tral powera. In. t.tov-.bar 1947, tbe French~.1'
in Odor in Gc~ i:!iDUed. onu'uaa. 120, ccmCBm1ng the l"':atltut.1oD of
de.tro;yell properi.1. to.. ~'"nOb ,ZoD6
follXS1ql&t.lon. Bo pl'OVision wae
11",48 to _ke ava11able JCftr1ah MlI'le.. prvpwty for the surv1v11\! J swah
v1et!Jl1J olna81-. but wtea4 t.h1. P~P~7 18 in.t~ to go irltofta
~n lund (to .,. cz.oeatflfl)b eacb l!!!1 tor the'1ndemnit1cat,lcm or victims
~t,mLua..."1Ul. 011 one .bD.nI,.rnmo.4l 1"8CogJuatJd. t.hll\ t.he prepomlerance of,
he1r.l.. ~.1"t1 waa Qt J QWJAb ei1.g1n In .J1r,J,t,nl, c.ountriee and that; 5%
gnntGid \0 beo! ncn-Jeriah ongia . . I. ,llberel preIJ"''llp1.10n, ,ywt on t.he
et.her hari4 lnt,. ,FrenchZ?lUI Pnuloe taUato H(l.)gri.i". t.he sW28 principle
tlwttgh the 8lIa\t' fa sa ex1~t~ ,For the noutml COWlt.l'1H, France vlgo:roua
lJ' aM correct.ll' ~AUtd"~~ha.t ,.rewlsh aunivoI'IJ ahoultlbe t.bli bonet1e.iarlo'
of 1.1eb 'h01rlw pI'Oper.tl 'but. in the 1l'enoh Zon. ofa.na"", tho 1'011.,.
U ablg\aou. "i'iho t.twm • .,,,the ftvlct1JllD of naldaalf 111 the French Zone ot
Bema.. Where t~ ~. . .t~tiv).v. be. wtped out as elsewhere 1ft, tlfil"J\'ll'Ul1',
01" t.he tev _rriYOl"& &l".&.iIUgratiDI? 1fon-J_18h v10tbta 111"'8 bOt pl'OpOr17
thfl ben.tloiar1~
,thta::, Jovillh balrl•• J;:roport,-, nor aN there suob num
bora of tha1ntbl Ft....~)i)1o. . a.to wa%'rut, a d.tVis1on of avon 5%, such .e
. 1 • • 1ft tb.'n... Pow"':~'" let alone the pH)::'On4eJ'"Mce ot healee.
,bet
or
,.r,
prcpertt. Ranee,the pOU., tilt.1mat.el7 wiU lean onllthci Gen:aft
~
u
the ..ecd.plaat. ot' he1l"lA"'J~
___ Propert.7, VeJ7 much CIOntraq to t.htt ajusU.
, aDd. .mo:el.1t.T*" ~icb -r..,the"t'oUDdat.ioD ot the Pl" Power Ai"ement. )t,ore-,
O'V'OP, t.he be4J' ~o ..clm11l1et..· the OOBOa lw'l4 1e not con csalve4umter the
'ron_ taw •• t.p1a"l"eepo~1V in t.he hand. or toM surdnna rtot11lUl
OJ' • reprea.J'ltatlve ,aoiogam.~'1oat beat. tit.ted to vae'tbeH tundator t.he
reJsal>1U.taU_ a_".Ii\t1"Ji"ot,~ddall v1ct1lll of ~ lIot,1.GD..·Tl\e
;,..h XOrae law~. . ·' ' ;, " ":~GIpia.w. 01 adt\1ftiat.n.t101l \111011 aD crpniu
, \1011 to be -(l'ft\_ '~,,' 0' ~fMl to,r thBpurpon b,.t.he li!!IlOc"e1'1llilHt,e. It, , ,,' 'l
. . . . ha.rG.y '- aesllJltll that t.he t.mJi, aover.1lSiGlA woul4 have i7ater
~
: to.. t.he y1*tbl of .sua ~hea libRa te.. it-aelt espec1.ft11J'lIhare to J'UI"e- - ',,:'l
~8' YiP""!_ 1DWt:ra..ldl11ea,.' \he l4!lt 1\'sell a. t,he,'btmatlcd.U7 of t.he
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YIVO RG 34i.l
AJC
(FAD 41,...46)
'-'-,. _
Box 65 ".
File 6
•. '
'_~:->.'
'
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",
15 .April 1949
.JQ. JnSO Pari. Letter. Eo 61.
'- -
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10111\ lJ1atl'l\IQUon Coa4ttee
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'.' ~stW a lore talk· vithoK. Iertzfe1der' ot the A'OI'fA~\':"~f}~!f*~
'
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.pov 18 defeDMt,,:-rivlctlmas de l' .I!.x'e). Be~.B ~'.·:',~:~\R
't1'Om Baden l3a4ea when be spoke to M. Souchard ot theli'reJlCh::"',;
.' v1810. u4 M. Jud:anof tba he:n.ch Lecol. D1v181on.,llotliof .'"
~~'lESts;a;~" ... _'.IIi 8l'It e%tJ'8lll8lY fam1Uar with the rest1 tutlon problema In
·
;'";~":'?;;~~le~~hu probab17 g!~n 70u the general becQroun4 cOIlD~~'4
··.tna,Fre:nch law.
Ordlname 110.,1.3) of the French Mil!. tat::! GoverDmEnit' ::walfl .
; ~~te4on 10 lb'V'Ell6er 194'1 U4 provideD for resUtutlon af certaJi 'b1di
!~a4lLI/,p~pert1e.!1l the I'reII:ltl
Betrles. or ullCla1mecl.praperV '
va.,·to:go.:to a OOJllJlDIl fulI4 together v1thths prOftts clerived from 8llco!)oli
·flsdate:t1Jproperli... '!ha heirless properties could be claimed bJ' aitheJ'
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'. . ·;":E.:'., ~'";~':':,,':: >.~'~;(-f'
.
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•• ' II) tbe Ober8t&a.'.aava1~· (Chlef District Attorn.'
..',
b) thepa1'l101'I8 til charge of the common f'wul
..' ,> ~l
. c)., lAwfu1l.J' constituted association of v1ct1m.s of l~e.tlonBl
Soota11_.
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Al.lo! these had '" GlaSa·Mfon 14 Ray 1949. 1t the prevSoue ownarwa
still allve, oW. ft1e4 'tlef"ore \be tlUJig dealtl1. would aacrwt to .b1s,
be_I'•..Othard..
wa.t4 ffP '" till common f'ImA.
.
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,. . _:'!CCordbtgw tJB lJt1'Dl'IIdle o"a1Jae4 'bJ' M. Bertzfelc1er,: onl,r abou.t
l()Q(t,cla1ma bava ..... fl1eI. ,. .• aate In .tbe ~ Zo_.Ontheat~l'
,~~.:~u'7000 properbl.. 1a:n 'beeI1 talten under control or ba:vo'.'beoa.
t8:P0:~;~, ·bYP''''''' lJl po.....lo,. . . hav112£ been acquired UIldardl'u..ttiil.·
tt.!',·Jrartzte1Ger bae aUn of tile.. 7000 pzvpartlel 8Jt4 l1sta l¥tYe.81. .
'.. 'ct""rf to tbe .",-t8imwa1tot each lu4 ia the Bl'IllCh ~~~.
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�YIVO
RG 347.1
Am uwsh Cmtee
(FRgn Afrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 6
-3
'~:bz
{~',' " • • ,",
the 11, Bay defdllatr·.
-
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,
\he Oberstaataamralt or en organ tsatton 01 lied. viat~i;:'
.':v1411a1 pl'Opertt... \)afore the .c1ead1t_ tbe .individUal , .. ," •
a,~.:P"S.-~~ .. orgaJd.zf1tlon haa ,.at been established for tt.e eomr.lOSc
:NiI4so t~ :....re 18 no saeh ad1!duflt.ratioll to claim !>ropeTtle~. ~!,..eh
Mtilt2u.7 "'~'''(
at has !lOt reoogsilsri tm7Jte.:d v1~tJ.•• a~zat~6ntMI .
beli2i::au
...,. 0la1111 UDder tbe I n•. !he mITA ie' a FreIlCh and. llOt a
German:o':
UGD: ea4 II. ~4oubt8 whether It C"1n'll1aa ,wi th 'thS 'intent
t"f'"
BS\V 'nellt •. t.!DIVA he,. nlttb8r the tunas nor the f~itt.tte8
to jt~~
.·u tID. thel18Xt .month 00 that a.s 0 prallUcal matter ';';;~:~an .
~ir'n"!'::c",,!_.:bt1tlto do it. ,It Wll agreed, however, that ever.?' offort;'t'
'=~be,, __ ., have theO'berstaatsu.WMlte f'lla the elaimobefore 14 '!fa;y •
• ",'OUia lieU Is B11!¥>1J'. that M•. Bertsfelder will t'l3"to viatt them
:ri!~.~;~JI1 t.ea do 80. or!! he b unable to spare tbm tlme, hE l~111 ¢ t .
'~o*t~""17 lnpftlodveADlVA stc.tloJJe,%7'. This., -I will cor.:f'esa..:ls
·,,~,.¥f;;:e~,~eff'on,I do Dot_tl:d.* it Is a major probJ.9m.,\l~
'!dered
.. :t;;~:poae."pl1t7 of gRtlDg the 7raftC,hto extend thefl11ng dead.line .
..
cWmethe
of
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''C:i~iv'::J~r:i&ht8~f1Dd1v1~~ claimantD. 'rhe 1Df..lcmt1onlll tn :B~en' _
~~~,ttuit theT wUld Det consider ·Iftlch actloll. Becsus8
our e~erleme.
-~'~.~"l\ce~eall Zolle and princlpal17 b9t".nl.18e t din. not th1nlt ths mmbe%"' of
:!~J!~ ~l.a1". vbo V\U'8 uable to teke action u;p toiiow ~ 've'~:CMa' .
of
J::t1.ld'U,)'t ·t~ it e4v1sable tor "1$ to E:tart to campaign' to B'ettha ."0'
lren.eh'l8.w eZteJ148d OD that po1r1t.
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"':. ':", In ,ebert,
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to problem
but not JIIllOh
hag
"time ... vlach to ,eke action.
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I thiIlk there is p:r.-actlcall;y not~
been loot 'bec~uBe Iud!. vtduala have had a fe1r
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,'., .,': ,M. ,l.rtdel4er va8 as_reA that tbe
PJonoh
were golnc to extend t~
f~inii .deu~1J1e \mtl1 31 December 1949 for the chiming ot properties
'.
"J:llC.h .wOuld go iDto tha cOla)n flU". They olreeq had a mimeo{;raptsd
4nd"t
e. combiDe4 Netl.tutloa aut !,ndemnlflcation l.e." which 1nclnd.ec1
thslt extens,5.on. lit thel'" of the three acone! as mentioned e-.ould ela1t1 the
helriess'p::qpertl•• ba.t 1t would not tIcol'Q8 to tbe benefit of al\V indl
vldwi1 even i t he ishoal.4 appear.
."
of
,
,
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·1 tb1nk.t"I'8f01"8, ,bat th18 problem baa 'beeD faced b7 the French~
~tf1clal.8 'u4
eU be resolved. III N\1 event. W caD watch Us pragra.8 Oil l '
aDA· have au:ttlol•• t l . to. take col"l'SOtlve actton.
a. . I!~ "? han,. 'lava ft", ,Isd 1'91' le'd.h mlrqp.I..,;~>'j
~(:~;;F_:;()i j'lIa.rA l!H&,a ..1,,"08' coaal.'lDc of K. Veti, Seeretaq 0e~:ra1.
iij"li AUlaaoe.l.raelJ.... R. A4am, frea-rel' of' CldJi ftII4 r8pnu;ant~~thlt
;,o:r14 lewid come....
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-30
YIVO RG 347.1
AJC
(FAD 41~,46)
]3px,65
Fi1eG
~ht \0 acb!evecertain lqirovenentn in ths
:"rstSDl' tbat fiDt· ,JiDC aI well 4S tha.t\.l'l1&rtca..n J'0111uh
,C9m41tke al.$) 'I-,iclpawdla thaHeffOrt..,a. 11k8rI1(je vit.b.ont succeB8.~. .
.. , . .
\.'hat is re~ ' _ o n 10 a "'''' effort to p ...._ . tie. :s'Z'OllCh to llol.
of
tbt,,,,,,
·F.1'$.1lCh
m::rorea.ao."", "i.e' 1» their aU1aa.. to tile Je'l'18. ~ he f J}"ICt t1-la.ttl1fLAl!le:r~
and.. the a~~"'",,(lIIB Impel ban taken a more Uberal view Gho;.t'ld oowne;,,1:
otro~ a:lc~ 18 our favor·. 'We can also poim to the P"'ria repn:ta1o~na
~. Oil ,\tenoD-lIDeDtary gold . . an argument allo\dJ¥:; the J'eve w"l'e
iCe'lv.e .:lo 6.ub~t1a). porllonofthe assets 111 the eODUr<tUl t"a..nil. !ihDaver l1111
l .. tlii::al't.. tor el'-bar Jew1sh ~~..men' 1n the OOml:i1::J!, furul Ol'Ja,\dsh
pa.rtlctt.~ 1n the assets will certainly thldt of addltioMl :u:gu.ment~
once he:f.apkles ,be pRb1ea.
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Jetdeh gr~. w14ch he.vabeen intere8ted 1n tl181' rellCh zOll8 'I'D:
'lM have been theAJDC. tbe .tewish .Agenr:q. t~ .l\lile:::1.ctinJev1a:h
• the \10,1'14 Jewish CoDgress, AD!V,.. the .lUllance la:raeUte '~\~\
'
.IUlIdentaal that a comr1tteeo! these or€ ; an1zat1nn ~a ,obc$fojjsa
:.' '. '1s XIO;W dormant. It was l:mardJl'\OWlq agreec1 'bT thosep:resent 1n::~~
berg t..b.$t the ·0SJe most coq,eteD.t __0 mlJT. these dOrm.Jlt;po~"OTe ~'nOne;r;
. other tbatL one leroJl1eJ. J'scobGon. '!;..'hat t14s \-Jould me~ wuld: be that,
tOil W:w.d have to pick up all tm threade.a;;G~l!1ble tbs var10uu {':l'OU!Jo .8Jl4
'. Sgrie on a COmmGll plaD tor &CUOD.. Since ,lit pre.sq.re tIO'.l.ld awe tab.
pg.tonin Par11J 1t i8 tbe logiest site tor ~eh a gat.bedng.. Dr. i{ehlG'
alimild 'he abletp crt.at 701l ao to past events or .he CEUl obtf-:1r. ~he 11'.£01"
. niatlon frof!l t.be otmr groups ill Parie,.
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IK) ~_ (emept' POB91~,.ou.) who would obj,ectto 7O\U'
t81d:ig .~ bell. Of' Cou..rs8 :1t will be "8en~lal, to cOQrdinate 'the 'dmut
~1_s,s ~dthtba otllar greaptl btlt t29. blood UV"be CJ1 lr;porta.n.t cataJ:rat:.
I wuld be p1easodto reoe1va J"Our favorable
'
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Ce'~'1
Mr. m
Beck
Mr. Raz Isenbergb.---
Hr. Her\zf'elM. .
8Ccep~ance
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AJC
RG 347.1
(FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 7
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not. J'Ob81aptnlt UIi.
.. &lUi tAta. t&'ft)....s
1d.tA
J'1i;BO. rather \haD.1d.t.b. \1Ie'~eiIf1$~t. Gcrpor&tloa, wttb&ttb.'r~
be 'colltNnted ld.tIa a4elicato :PJI014.. .r pl'iIIS1.1&G. wblch ~tho'Ut~t. .~. M.
. 'overOGlU Wi" .eaU..rac\1ea to. tM ,;ruth ,It ... COtil.4 p.•~ \beMt,1jh to
ace.... a dnsl" ....... ~.,••. '.~ JRSQ; in liIhi,a'b .-there woul4
~e~. tluc"." OztPD~·.u...a
weatern ()eJ;marq.~, • fI.l"!U.e4
.'there wtNld.. lie .. P"~., _tlda pI'OpOw.. tnlIuKacb ~ it.· . . .b1a '. . . . .
8ta.nd.1rl,th&t .JUO wUld be ....p1Ucl t.Or all tbr•• ~. or ,Derl1li.
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witt. hb .8,,"osU., wt .thtrt; ~o:rtuna~
tllehour ..... lau aM.. .,.... ba4 .pa~ - V. 11no. I bad.t.b1amoJ."DUc J'VtUl'DtlJ4
tl"Om London wh~~. ·1iN.\6 ~. (~r&i.lGa va.~chid. .. andlta· CIQJ'pOnt.e .
.atw..w1Vd.r1 t.voo.,. lm-.e . . . th.arlttsb tUogb
.ft1:F
Grfnter.nco,
are
'~.'~ belnat1l.tlt~~h17
c)VUl', t.hu.t..am~. . . . . . . ~,
~ ot&Q1"
'~.a
. (:arn&ei(;1\tJI' WO\1ldpu~,a ~Ut;J. 4ea18nat1n& t.be4Cw11h Trust ·Co~~u.
ae t.h,.~alB" tc),. 18IId.$•.. ~lea. ud ~1&ed Pl'Ol~f 1D ·tJle ib.1.t1eb f4lntte
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�:liVO RG.3 47.1/
Am Jwsh ~Jntc?e'
~.(,Frgn~J?'s Dept 41-46)
:CO ~JL~:JilL'JrTE.n..:
Box 65
Ill),
RUE
\...i."
El::HOPE..
EXECUTIVE
coUNCU...
File 7
SAIN'I'-DO:\UXI.QUE
\
]:'.AHIS (7")
fl7-fl:I
i
fl7-55
r
IX \' A.LJ DJ~S
79-37
May 26, 1950
Mr. Z. Schuster
Amer;can Jewish Committee
.30 rue laBoetie"
.Ref. OGC/GER/F/S2
Paris 8e.
Dear Zach:
.. I am enclosing a copy of the note presented by M. Eugene
Weill at the meeting called byCRIF last Tuesday night in connection with
French Zone restitution problEmS•..I am also enclosing a copy of the trans
lation m..ade in our office.
.
You wiUbe interested to know that I met with .Ehgene Weill
and Me. Kovarski, as a result of which we agreed on. a proposal which ~uld
contemplate the establishment of a separate department in JRSO for the sole
purpose of operating in the French Zone and administering separately the
heirless property required there. The plan would anticipate the establish
ment of a special committee within JRSO who would have jurisdiction over the
French Zone property. This committee naturally would have greater French .
represe~tation than now. exists in the JRSO Board of Directors.
Hence, there
would be no need for the establishment of any additional body in France,
since the entire problem. would be dealt with within the framework .of JRSO.
Procedurally M. 'Weill and Me. Kowrski are revising the note which they,
previously dr~ft.¢ to embody the terms of this proposal so that it will be
presented to our meeting on Tuesday by the French organizations.
I have advised our New York office of' these developments in
order to have thElll. initiate discussions within JRSO, and I hope that we will·
not run into any technical or" political obstacles within JRSO which would
impair the development of this plan.
Kindest regards) .
Sincerely yours,
'.~:
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.General Counsel
�~y
YIVO RG 347.1
.Am Jwsh· Cmtee'
19, 1'50
. .
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~~ otalwUh Su.ceeaaer
. . t.bt'1"tIMb JoWJot
~
(Frgn Afrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 7'
Cr4a.rJ.aat1On .bt.
' ...
. '" '.' Attch. May 26, 195;'0
(P~ue4 alIlfl\lll'd.'~lV ....,. ltd'U aDd. l£t.'~ak1
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or the
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·14 lure". bf' t.1\e....... GODIWlU"&blaquantlt7 of assOLs. right. u1 ~
_ 0 tdI1all ~,~.I~, ~· . . 1Dthe.Band. of ~ GaquirQ"l OJ'
~.. people • . ~\fIl W't. ,~nct.mo. .,. I'860n a-tt.bl1"OGtJ.t.uUoD
law tM prO~r 1SU:f.\'," ~~t thA p,.• •t.. bolA1,.... ..On t.h. othar lvm4,
a "..at ·~ot tJM•• ~.,· . . sa ~.u'.kia1. otJewish prGp.IIl'
tie". ·eo ho1~" $l\4·.llslaSM\t t~ \he _1JI.o~1a ~Ih'l$ Jews
.
W&NI'tbe d.U.cl~ t.lt1tlArng1.ae. 1\ 14 &rIl7 l.a.tZ t.bat theeef'ropert.1•
.'b& ~_, U no\1;1 t.heir . . . . . their h.~, bOth ot wham haw Q1~
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lam.
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"lt~~ bT ,.American iU.11t,.~ Qcv'~ ,vb1chnDit.hBr t'Ju9
whi.crh ill !leyembor
1947 f,'.rolJJUlptlci 1iIl'~oeo.t.t"..ne la." 'I", ~rd1n&to
thiawa.
~~,orPD'''.nor .~ Stat.. c~~~, C!O\tld beeUtible. to
aoqtd.re \he ,be1r~...' " \iDCla1mWpJ"OJArt.7' tile' A:rnor1_1A~ 1J59 J!:1'OY1cl.8 tba\
aJew1.Sh 8"00. .. , . ~~t1.fIhou1cl be Ol.1g1bla
~ and heir
1•• 4fev1_ ri'O~.;, .%be av.o. ...,. or~m _ion \lIO~ 'ho.DOJJ.Mted b7 the
M1l1t.ar7 Qoy,,~mwl.nO' .by' the,~:t.a.zu1. ' In,Juno194St.he Alrieriean
State nor ..
\0"_"
:Military 0qY~ ·4~t,ecl t.be '~.v1,ft aasU'uts.Qft hoeeseor Organ1atJ.Qn-,
amn-part71JOl"pOftt.$.oD, GClIIj.'OI.t ot JeriahnaUt>Ml. and. :J.rlt.__t.lona.l orge.n1-.
...1Qu, to ~ .~·.lend..Ib helrl... ase-.. e.t:r1 ~ ~ lor tho bvAt1t.
otJ8V1AJh Y1ofJJ:llj of Iia.S., Ut41Y1c.tuaJ.#t.n" .~t.iee. '
1\18
dU1rebl.. ~ ~' \h£ia:a1a\•
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"
�YIVO
AJC
RG 347.1
(FAD 41-46)'
Box 65
File 7·
Arrch_ May 26, 1950
/
.
'!he 'renfhn.ut.uU.~l"flS.BaIlcea "... t.ber<oZ"e .t.:ong):1 criUc1:a«4, and.
one . , expect. \ba\ ~ WU11OO8 be rev1aect aDd brought, into be.J'acny with tbcJ
l.es:lslatlOft SA tN.. ~ 10_. It. 'I/IiI.1 also be ap.e~t~ tlmt· the rni.llon
will fl'O'dtte t . th4' .-t.5,oa ot .. ..flilW1ah .au.cae.GeJ" orgmi=ation w.oo. rights
ADd hnc~ 'IIIIDW.tI ~e1 thoee 1a the aorioan eystem.
.
·ta tact. ciV8n aaauru.nces that. it. wa not opp08ed.
to lIlCba qata, Pl'OYWtMl it .... 1I&\1at1ad tbat the· }rinoipl. ot noo-dJ.iJ
Tba C=Pekn\ autlwr1~ baa
C1"1s1Dat.1~ --114 t.he. . .~ Jead.8h v.1ct,iu ttt Dad.am'beobBet'Vc, via. that
the .\lcCJ"aorOl'~U~ ebDul.cl repro.e.t. the whole of .the Jfti1ab vict.:lJu
ot.•" am, aM ~ a:Jl .J."ll 'V1~ w1thout. IUt7 diDc:ri:d.nation should be
Cl.1g1bl, frO . .s.stlWr8:·~ \be .....,..... prol'erty .~ to t.be1r needs.
It. do•• t:C\ appearht.w* .i pH~coriat1t\lt •• ~ ebit.aoloJ 1n tact.
,~ Vould' bt 81s1pl. ~1.~
the e~t.ut.e8 far the ncwol"(tan1_ a. clause
u._
~ "Pre.cta
anr,tb..,..,... o.ftl..y
't1pu1ati.ng tba1..
. ...
..
the whole f.'Jt t·he J(!\11.ah vi(:ti:t,. of
&ld$!it liIh6r 5
theJ~ld..eh Yiet1me .~. llazi8tQ and All
th. Jow1ishv1~~ot.A1" ..,..eligible to aid out cfheirleua
proIlerq' by the. 8\t.C.D~ orpnl.a, tlltbout a.."lY Qilllel~1m.tna tlCI!l bet.weon
. tho rec1p1ent8;w1tha""9" to t.heir l'(lhab1Ut,a.t1,.on.. ". .
.
Jfl'iw _uecaa...
"
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Tho mle d1tflcul.:t.7.rer$Wn; to beacl'YUQ. "'Odd then ~.' ttu? qucnt.1vn of t.ht
jur1d1c:alr...omllt~ \Uder Wb1th this orgeio.tioll 8~,u1d :cu:not.lol'1. The
q\lIJSticrl, hI.7WOYC', l'I118... & serious prol:;Jlem on account t:,t the obat.a.uoa which
t.ho Pronehleg1alatoi.'j1rlJJoeeG ~n the.. treo.t\lnot.it:.ni.... of 4tu.eocb.t1~all, ali4.
the 1neompat.lbru", __\etl h¢ve8ft the concept.ion of "&OC1et.ytl (corp.or&lUoA)
and thllt. ot nOD-l.GrIILt,tve da. . .,. r.robl_ 1. not. trlv14l u 1t ln~lfta
f\L"'ldamantSl. prll.tcdplea of tho henCh la.v. 'lb. INccepororge.Il1Za.t.lon t.O be
treat-ad 11ke tbe,.A.meriOarl oraan1r.·CUl only be • non-prof1i. QrganiPt,1(1n.
&v, .. C~rd1"" to r~;oh ltlw,al1Ol'l-pl"Otlt, organitat1on eaft' be oreated onl,7
iu itt. tOI'!ll of III ·a...,~1&t1oa·regul..ted.b1 the llt'" of July 1. 1901. Indoed,
the StrlCSISOP organ1f,\a~o., _\114 be 1a tact. an AassocU.t.1on". 'tItt.d.ch t.he Freno)a
lo.,"1IslI1t1cn d..ria. . . . "th;'.ODY9l1t1¢D bt 'Which t.~ or silveral ~\(:reonli permz&ftGni.}J
put toiottler 'UleU ~1e4g•. or thCl1r act1.v1t1aa tor a.t1.Otherpl.lt"';foac t.han to
41v.1.d.e l:::rottt•.• "~, .. -. , .'
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a:n ....oc1At.io.· ad
th.s..roi)Yable
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C}. . .lAFllua1t', t.he 'rench 'lur:1alaior
an4 t.o avoid t.he aecumul.a.tion of auab properl,y
."
tban ~xt, ...
r1t:oro~a control) in abort.,
'. nei"'tr 4onatlona not' le{;aa1ea, it.. can Iacqu1ro onlT
.·8\t1o\1;;noc..~ to i~. t'Ur1Ct..lo~J .r~ll1, a tore1p.
aihor.i- t.i(!u.: It. 1. W1l.1kelt tha to a succ~
faotlol'l tiMor \he .-.It.r1ct..1.ftre&1ma ()t the
el,
1$\1bte4 bl. thti ~. .
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'Bu.t. tho
... ~.,00.n.~~ by "hio~ t~ or
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• ..,nralpenoDJ
. with ... :j1ft'~ divide thO boiultl\ vb10b
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�YIVO RG 347.1
Me (FAD 41-46)
Box 65
File 7
Attch. May 26, 1950
Aft,1,as"tt .lIet.-at
.
!be bmYt1J\4
tbOl"fito.,. tew.t1a t.h. _
.
the ~ aDCl ,th.ftl\.soC1at1~DfI ~
prot1\.
.
H
00_.'.
CUl
Bat. aU•...~...
orP1I1.UOD
01117 b, a ftOn-Prot1t orpni.t.1oa,
it appoal"fJ 1I\r-.~'o Groat.. ,it. 111 the ton. of a compe.ror, ElIJIF!eo:1all7 me•
.t1l'Jv:1~ 1,
rtOUve. '
w:q~ct
1Illta 1D:tArpretat.ionto"qu1re& ptot1t. .
, '.("", "
tirGt, thIt o_ta~~. ,~tabl••
At
8OISe.t.cd
tor lOluUoIlj;', ' "
,
.',"
.
Two wa:18. hoWVC", can be
'
"
Fb"" .tartJllc m.'tb~p~ tbat the l.egislator laaupreme, o,ft.eprepoUl.
woulAl "tht "'hl.1ia~ ,tit .'~ wccmp&DT 811i gttueril 8 I . the' e.xistcmce of whlcb
wovl4 be an.lolW4."a ....~\1on of a4m.iIl:ieJtratioD of ,tile P'roncb B1P '
Commlae1oD 111
20. otGocupatlon, aM tJw oornpe.n;r which ltOuld be
'W1ne4 &I • ~tl'.,~.'~ ~. gr~t.tr1 the larg• .IlIt.J.~.81ble ucope.
the. ,,.....
...r.
,0.. can iDtl••
to ....tain pNc8<lenta.'of' lnat.ance,the ,law or Julf 24,
1807 on OQOparatlve. r"platal ..... atat.ua ot etuunuaen eoopua~l•• mocleU".
Whi.Cl'i t1Ot.. H&lld.•. act;Qal." :protltl' but ·.onlT ae;r1nge, ,aJ"4i., 4880. cisLicna Wh1."
. 1
.. " ' .
an c:l.Ot.bf41D tbtp atUlbut.. ot ~.~ the legislator because or thc.J"
1I..r.·1C1al.. p~.
....~ ,Anot~ 'example,st.ill ~r•. pertrua'iS1~ itpos. s1blo, caD be
b,
IGUIIl SA tb. lA... ~ Auauat. lS, 1920lD.F .1921-4-201}o!'J the. cc~rat.1~
eoclet1. torftGonatruotJ,OIl o.f dnaitate4 azus. hthia instance J thfl
a'8QclatJ.on to be creat,~·_. to hnct,1ob. to a eertau eXT;en'tr both aa a
~ &\Ill. aa ..fOdAt.~J1D the cOurse at the p.a:rl1amentuy debat._ t tNt
. C~a1ollot '. . ~t. ,~lM¥, though~. thetne1t,bertJl.~.1'rileo~pall7 nor
the a.G80UatloA
'hoB oOoplu"",Un Noonstructl(lD soeiot,., and tha.\,
the law Ghould ..tabl.SJlll:, CR!!'lBV' !Sui 1§m1ez:1! 0' a rm0stalcbiu·1u~tiil4'" a~iM
.o.ou:w'IRd.'
lb.t oewgnefctl Ja.\U
, ":.~"
DE~ozothG "CGtll.tru~1CD of derAat.e~ areas.
,
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, .o~ th~q,. ,"ftnt.'t1ie ,'rCinch leg1.~tor tor tbe !.'renob Zine of
, ocoupat,loa 1ft ~·to,toUov·the.. preccn1entll arl1t.ot;roaulpteaJl ,
~Q. ~ .~. 1'J:Jl) and 'otben 'prov.1d1.llg1n tohe aacndment that•
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av.(mo~J ~.,
\hevhol.ott.bO.:"c~1i
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spoliat.ioA die4 wlthout leaVir/l &rIT
legal. ho1r•• the legal h&1r tor·
ahace.sor OJ'"'ftMia, W)lich 'Idll. bed...
w1t.O'AB
~t.e4 _. _,:~Gow!d.ilP10IlQZO~t,tlM. FrtUicb , Zone of
lai
..
ptot:1t. eJa', . " .'.
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11' de81ptiAl....
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t.16n a,a soe1ete aui .generi8 with a non-
~1cl..~Wh1c1lw1l1J.fi
o~ ...t1ou.,:·. ','.:
bttol1 prepared .11 t.•
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tJoa the :IM~·......"'~.
lu.w~~t~'*"t....·
law will ..
. .
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�'YIVO
AJC
RG 347.1
(FAD 4
Box 65
,Attch~
"
.
46)
File 7
May 26, 1950
'
JIo_~>" tbb-, '\b8 -..,.,'au1' gencr1e eBems to be ani40al fM)lu\1aa
to t.bftcu;t:l~t1•• CJ"""~Alb7t,h. 'f'lInch la'l.f 1 1t 1ra J:~ai1bl. to DU&g6et.
anuthiar:, au'lut.io., ~. 'ft."Jq..-r ori~nluUol\ ~sed of t.he ildim-est.eci
'reDOh&ftdW.e~t.i~~J.a.lJbo:rp.n1u.t.1~'"l.D hut tunciiOl'd.na in the ful'Il of
a ,G,tU"mllLrl -a1ot.l' ¥i,t.hl~t'" NlPOas1b1lit7. Q.mbU.l'MiI,aolut,1hn wolllJ:l
otter o~1n e.4"tSDt.se,. ai14 -..ul 1r 1t. 0$eU that under tbe tOn! Ctt
t}.. '~ t,btau"'IOr'9r~t.1Ci:D co\U.d hi._ its lddeat,l.Atritude to
" a~h1avCi it..,Ida. Bor'Oover, 111
of leg&l dUtlcult1es, t.bG 11tlptle>n
wul4 be .1t1ti1.~T G ' " aourt.., e.nd OM -7 a••
that the Coma JudGe
wUl 1ntiJrpro\ ,the ~. ~4h ,be ltMw. well, tho' tkn-ma.n law',., better thaa
GIlT ot.her.
','>" , '
ca.-
u::..
Besid•• l\,ba.'bGWl .~~~ 'that,ltthe auCCGD3=,oriZ4iU-t.1oc waf e~_k\
u .. 0mbH' 'it, wo1il4 ,bci ,eonai4er~ aa._ rNr.uneider.\ r.&~l\l th. f,:XC~.
rogulAt.1cna. ....._iaa.~c;b oN~tJ.on ,\iO~l<l tiM its a:et1vi t,iu 8f19'f,irel7
h1M1orodby th$ .'iac~.~iDttrol.,
'
.
"
. , '.
the l101r~~ 8._ to 'bij 'NriOlUlJho\fGver, we suatobBeM'e ,tn-t., JI,aO Me its
• •t. in tb.st.ttt•• aa4·1• •ond&t1&Wcl1n t.he torm of an,J\Jafn'ican co~ it•
.. .,\Il4 be 1rat,ol"dt.ira& to loa", w~ It. activity 1. l-'aralya~ \l7 the l~~
Col'ltorOl, and· DO 4<allht t.Jut JoiG vb.1oh is 1m.enat,e<i in J~ could give u the
"
information.. '
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YIV)
RUBIN AND SCHWARTZ
RG 3F.l
/::
J.;~:': 1l<t t.-rtid
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn Affrs Dpet 41-46)
Box 65
File 7
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
SEYMOUR
J.
RUSIN
~
Qox 65
CABLE: AOORE:SS: RUBINLE:X
1622 JE:F'F'E:RSON PLACE:,N.W.
WASHINGTON 6, D.C.
ASSA P. SCHWARTZ
February 16, 1950
Mr. Max Isenbergh
The American Je\v.lsh Committee
30 Rue La Boetie
Paris, France
Dear Moose:
I enclose a copy of a letter from George Baker confirmL~g
that the reserved power over restitution applies to internal restitution.
This settles, at least vis-a-vis the United States, the question raised
by the French.
Glad to be able to deliver fairly promptly.
Best regards,
.._.....-n-. Rubin
cc:
Dr. Hevesi
lifr. wolfsohn
File 7
PHONE:: REpUBLIC 0504
�,,
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DEPART£'l1~~!;r
o
OF S'i'A':L
Ii.. C.
Wa~hhlgtC)n
p
y
YIVO RG 347.1
Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn Affrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 7
Am
·:",r
'lUi ~;"r' ~~t.f:j,~. ~~:~
i·'t;'iJlI',!)r.. l7;t tip, 1j'5()., tJY
~i:1.ich you ::I.d"ii'i&c th:'tt t.be :rf'Jpr6sent.!f:;iv~s oi"the A!:"oricon Je'ltlishCoJolmfttOe
'. --, .,
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!Wif~ l·~eUl.V;;>'t.Lt.h;e aaggc:,s t."
,:;.,::n 11"'0"" !icr':::;;:lS (lwier ... "
..lIM /i,m(l,r"i on '
Ft~c~J.~·t"!~i}
Je
!:te·r',:!)C~i:';f~:1.S;;'~·~l
C'lff'le:i.al:9 'th!lt t!':epot."ers reii-nT"....,,~ t::;. th(;
\.'o'c;~':.:pc:';ic'n
'''·.u...... ·'~ ·w>
C..... (." ... j,;o.u~t.~1..l
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.... 9fkt 4I,.,l. "-I ' ....... ".l..L.:.
int~~rna1
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:::-ef.,"/:':i.tltti:)ll in .<kr;:wny.
TJ:'d~ ";fil:" ·Crmf'il"m. :r'our 'im.lerl3tanding t;rtat ti:i~.S t:iUt1g6t.1:,m ill e'l'::t'(Jn~~l'tl:3.
The reiir::-v(.-e. }:iO"wCl' ov~· ru~t:ttu.-t.~.O!! il.l.the.0e;,ctl;,'atI.:.':l ,:H.~l t.!.1 i, (~; (~pp.l:~ US ':0. :tn
bltl·rm.l
r.'~"1 t~.t<lt.i·:,:n.
�YIVO
RG 347.1
Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn Affrs Dept
Box 65
File 7
Al)1
41-46)
~r~r\
BOX~7
~r. Uftorge W. Bakor
Office of Oert'dan Affairs
Dsoartment or ~tate
washington, t.e •
.Dear ttr. Baker 2
Cl1m:~;j. t
tee.
tutlcn dealt
issued
~lth
1n
th~
various
subse~uent
to
th~
Uccu~ntion
~rest1tuticn
l~ME~
bt~tute.
understandln£ to us.
~ltb
best personal regards, 1 am
I:leYUlour J.
~ubln
in
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J'
YIVO RG 347.1
Am Jwsh Cmtee
(Frgn Affrs Dept 41-46)
Box 65
File 7
\.
\
TO: .Foreign Af1'd.r8
FR()b
Max Isenber&b .
~.--
SUBJECT I
DATE a January 30, 1950
COPY I
MT. Seymour Rubin
P...est1tution
. Prenoll Zone,
Last 'Week (Janu8.l7' 24-28)1 spent in the French Zone ot Gerrnan;v in the
oolnJl8lV' of'Mr. Jacobson of Joint, M. Weill 01' l'Allianoe Israe'1ite UniverseUe,
and Dr. Hartztelder or tho !DIVA (Association pour Ie. DG'"tense des Intarets des
Victimes de l'Axe). Our parpose vas to present to M. Jacomet, CODseiUer ~g1s- .
latit to the' French High Commissioner, :M. Fra.n~ois-Ponoet, a draft ve had prepared
ot'an ordinance modifYing the existing restitution legislation in the French Zone
to bring it into basic he.rDlODf with the leglsle.tion in erfect in the American and
British Zones and ~esterD sectara or Berlin.
Prior to our meeting 1rt1thH. Je.comet and his assistant, M. Merlin, va COD
sulted. vith leaders ot the Jewish ol'J!JlnQnity in the French Zone, and at O!ll" first
meeting vith the French authorities ve vere accompanied by 1.f. Uatbnn F..onenberger,·
President ot the Jevish Corrummity of' Land Baden, and Mr. Karll1arks, editor of' the
AUgemeinl ot Dusseldorf.
.
With the commwdtyleadera there vas general agreement as to methods and
objectives, although Mr. Ros6l1berger indicated that there )faa some feeling among
the oommunity that the to!"llation of a Jewish Successor Organin.tion in the French
Zone vould create antl8em1tlaa and that the Government ot Baden which 1s now giv
ing the Jewish communi. a 8UbveDt1oD ot 30,000 marks a ,-ear would cease maldnl
thi8 payment It a Jewish SuocesSOI'" OrganIzation should come Into existence.
Mr. RosenberIV.also said that some members ot the cOllllJIUDity ha4 expressed
regret that they ha4 not reeel984 oar- clrart earlier 111 order to permit tuner
s=!. III response :tc the latter' point va cillet!. attention to the tact that the
e
etion at our draf\ an41ta snbmi8s1on to the French authorities had been
aocelerate4 at the request or the Jevish oommunity'Who had urged us to prepare it
all eoem as possible and thAt"". had made It available to the commnity as eoon as
_ _,_______"_, .,~~t.~d t~~~~-~~,~::.~:;:~i;~S};X';.~:~·~;·~ ':.~'~-':'-'-~-~-':--'~'"-"~""'-~-'-~-'~~'--.-~"-~=:-.-~--=-.-".--.=--------=----:.~---.-.-.~---,-.=-,
.
'!'here vaN ·h1Dt8~-·. cQmpl.etelr anticipated bT 'us, that the question of the
extant ct_ the COImIIDD1tq's participatioll in the proposed Successor Organi
zatiOll would .ralse theSama vexatIous problems. that have ha4 to be dealt With 1Jl
the
." .
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tOI'll aDd
..
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�7
YIVO
AJC
RG 347.1
4h·46)
(FAD
Box 65
File 7
that there is legislation in the Land Baden declaring the present Jauish co~muni
ties as legal successors to the pre-war Jewish communities and entitled to their
property. (Sirililar legislation has also been enacted ~dthin the la~t few 'Weeks in
one other Land.)
·1
Excopt for insisting upon the principle that the 3uecessor Organization
should be comprehensively represontntive of all interested Jellish groupo in rJ.o
cordance viththe extent of their legitimate interest, we did not pursue this
question, .since the important immediate i.saue vas to accomplish the needed legis
lative changes.
At our f.irst meeting with the French authorities nt Dad-Goaesborg (January
26th) we were greeted by M.lolerlin,M. Jacomet' s a~!s5.stant and chairtnan of a new
legislative sub-committee charged vith preparing the necessor,r revision of the
restitution laws•. \.Ibile \Ie were w,itlng for M. Jacomet, who ...rae detained at an
other meeting, M. Merlin informed us that a tri?S-rtite committee on property
control had been created to deal with the question af harmonizing restitutlon
legislation, composed ot Mr. Parker representing the Ui':itod Kingdom, M. Suchard
representing France, and Mr. Stern representing the United $tn.-tes. He then read to
US a cable 'Which M. Francois-Poncet had sent on January 21st to the Quai d'Orsay
asking for instruotions on this issue. The telegram reported a meeting on Januar,y
15th at Franld.'\1rt or the tripartite "harmonizo.tion" com.'n1ttee. The British represen
tative had aaked for a single law for the three .Zones cn the model of the law n~A in
force in the \Iestern sectors ot Berlin. ; The American repranantative had reserved his
position pending instructions from Washington. '!'he French representative had pointed
out that cases alreaq decided or in progress L., tho French Zone wO":J.ld make a.dop
tion of a trlzonal law on the Berlin model very difficult in the French Zone.
M. 14erlin said that he did not know vhat response to
ceived, but that he thought that uni15teral modification by
of their zone would be the better Sl')ltrtion. 'We pointed out
with our discussion vith M. Jacomet late in October, \Ie hoo.
that assumption..
.
the cable had baan ra
the Frenoh of the law
that, in accordance
prepared our dra.ft on
M. Merlin then raised a point which greatly troubled us. He snid that in
his view the term "restitution- as used to dofine the r i 3served powers in the Occu-:
patlon Statute probably refeTS onlJ to external rectitution (i.e. reparations) and
does not include the Internal restitution with vhich ~e vere concerned. He added
that "alJD.ost cert.a.iDlT' the term does not include indemni.fication. ~~e did not
quarrel 'With him on the second point (since that seems to be the ~\merican position)
be70nd pointing out that so taz as the United States 1s concerned, intornal resti- .
tution and indema1fication had been declared to be rund~~entnl objectivos ot
occupation p()liC7.
On the other question ot includinginternal restitution 'Within the reserved
powers, we pointed out, that both the laws tar the Brltish Zone and the Western
sectors of Berlin had been promulgated. since the issuance otthe Occupation statute,
tberab,r clearly oonf1rm1ngthe view that internal restitution vas a reserved power.
M. Merlin said that he did not disagree with us, but he thought it vould be prudent
on our part, to present our position to the Ministere des Atf'a.1res EtrQJ1g~res. the
foreign Office, and the State Departm.ant, since the ~man Government had recently
aubmttted to the oocuptiDg pover. a list or the lavs promulgated b;y the occupier
�YIVO
AJC
RG 347.1
(FAD
41..,46)
Box 65
Fi1e·7
which in their view should be repealed bectlUse not vi. thin the reserved area and
that they had included all restitution legislation in this list.
We shall arrange the necossar, representations on this point at the Quai
d'Orsay and the British Foreign Office. We urge you to verIfy this point with
the State Department as. promptly as posnible. ~1hUe ve should be astounded not
to get official American support on this issue, ve think it would be .advisable to
seek assurances fl'ODl the State Department right nwy, in view of H. Merlin's
statement.
.
J
M. Merlin also shoved us a copy-of' a letter to the High Commissioner
trom M. Roger Bloch otthe French Ministry of Foreign A.ffairs in vhich M. Bloch
stated for the Ministry that there would be no objection to the creation ot a
Jwish Successor Organization in the French Zone provided it used whatever proceeds
it received for general pUrposes
indemnification. We vere engaged in pointing
or
out hov un&ccepta.ble this posItion we vhen M. Jacomet entered the meeting.
M. Jacomatts attitude vas mch more reassuring. He told UD that the deCi
sion had alreadY been made. to IIlOd1t"y the French lav so as to provide a Jewish
Successor Organization which would use the prooeeds ot heirless and uncla.!:ned
propertJ' it received tor the rellef, rehabilitation, and resettlement of surviving
Jevish viotims of Nazi persecution. He asked that ve leave our prooposed dra....fOt
with h1ID. and promlsed to study it 1mmed1ate4r and proposed that we reconvene on
the next day_
l-lben we met the next eveni., M. Jacomet ra.ised some technical difficulties
vith our drart and lett us with M. Merlin to work them out. As a matter of draf'ts
manship, the :problems raised are rather vexatious but do not seem to amount to a
.rejection ot the major objectives of our draft. In brief, the French appear re
luctant to divorce the common tund entirely' from heirless and unclaimed property
but 1I1sh to give it residual rights to 8117 unclaimed and heirless property which
does not devolve to a Successor 9rganlzat1on. ~;e think that this is pr1marlly a
face-saving device ~or the French authorities, who do not dab to appear to a.dmit
that th", common fund meChan1SIll hu no merit whatsoever. It vould not be profitable
to discuss these and other drafting problems here.
We vere vs:r'T about attempting to revise our draft extemporaneously', since
we wanted to 00 certain or not talling into any traps. M. Merlin agreed that the
mechanical problems were too complicated to attempt to resolve on the spot and
suggested that we submit a reVised draft to ~ Agreeing to this, we spent the
rest of the meeting rum" nc over our draft and discussing generall.y the tJ"pe ot
chaDges to be .made. Our Paris draf'ting committee meets again this afternoon to
start work on the r8'V"1siOD.
In the
word. ot Hall....
OA n'ex6cute pas tout oe qui S8 propose,
. , Ie cbem1a en loDg du proJet a la chose.
ve
leverthelea81 have the se. . that
are maldng real progress end va can l'88.8OD
abJ.7 expect before long a decent17rev1sed restitution law for the French Zone.
tV colleagu.es share th1e view.
I attach copi_ 1:A French and ~rmaIl ot the dratt we subm1tted to. M.
Jacomst together v1th au EDgl.isl:r wrsioa ot our letter of transmission. As
as the revised ed1t1oa 1s out,. I sba1.1 send you copies.. .
.
._, ,.~. ,.
.., '
.
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SOOll
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Box 66/
File 1
----
(\ r.) \. S' Or.
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"
January ' . 1958
Fl1e·1101
,": •. :",!"
Saul Kassa . ~.
1Ir.
lRBO
Dear sauls
n
'
CONFI DmrrIAL .
.' lRSO Sq. Letter 11236
. Restltu'l011 aa a Reserved Fower
CORA
nUe 111 Boa oa TJi...4aj ad Frld&7 OD. varIous mso
problema, I reoelve4 wor4 t.hatllr. MeOlo;, wanted to see me.
It was 1Il oonn8otloAwl t.h the· Court ot nastitutSon Appealll
under the oon'l'&otu&l qre8D18.t 8D.d the position was no'
~~.
' , '
sa
As lDd.1cated
JQ' letter 11215 ot Decemlwr .20, the
Allies were urBiDa the Gel'maaa' to acoept a oourt composed
of 3 Americana &D4 lGeaana ad theGe:rmana were ,counter
iDS With the d. . . . for>a eour' composed of I Germans. a
Amerioana and ODe ••1Itr,al•. All parties met last week' &114
the AJ.11e4 poai UOJI WU t0DD81ll presented to the German
q
delegates.
The Oermu. 4eleaat. . .tated that the 1Ulle4 pos!
tloll was DOt aooepableto<t1lem end hinted that a neutral
iDatea4 ot ou.. AmeI'1O&Jlwoul4be • 8004 oompromise. '1'he
Allies were aU' ann'ousto 'r'" an aarsanent and the 0erm.aD
position 41d Dot'strike ,·'tIl_as -iDa um-easoDilble. Mr.
HoOl07 wanted ..
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I to14 1100107 iiba1r loo_4ared
aeviat 10n tzoom the
atatus quo as Yvt4aq8roua' e1Doe 1t would stimulate DeW
hOpes on the pan of
".~1 tor8 aDd enaouragethaa to
further appeal.8~' 'til.. :Daw'Slipi-em. Court. I also pointe4
out tbatOermari,.ag•• wou1,4'be much more likely to be In
'till.
ttueDoeib1 the pr•
••
...,.lqcae_- pubUo
op1nloa than Am.er
lofUl 3uage8 ad' Ill• • til. op1D1oa was 80 UDtavorable towar4
restl tutioat '. th·., ,~ew1ahorlaa1aatS.ou oould onl7 regert
w1tb.
srea'
reU"~ob. __ wllereb7 0 em.aa a would be addel
court.: ~p1&o. '.'• .iaieI' ioana 1& a mi nor1t7 wcu14
to the
eenah17 8Doouraa.tIl, Oel'JDaUto belleve that the V.s.
lD'eras' la the·· .t'ra,zosl'lia. ha4 eollapa4 and that 'the
_Iill' U.S. l"8fre8. .tatloll
aen17 a taoe-aaV1ng devioe.
I &l'R to14 MOOlo,.tJl.\hoa' oubtol"lD&.tlon about the .
wa.
Gumaa attltule, w.e, 'bell.~• • ~t.a ~a bud. stooe'upolL DO
turthezt OoDO•••tou w,o~I" • • • • e Germans to' aooept, the
etatu. 4lW» l"at~~,~"':~. mS.%eI: .,urt 14 t.Il a German m1aorl tJ'': .
fUl4 thereforeb,. •. tuJI poattloa we a1gh'aohleve v4bat we
Uoull haft lUl.'eA oa III 'u..
pIaoe. I4r. 11100107 wea1t
ft"' tha' .Itake'l' up with·
1J' &peel wi'hwlla',I sa14'" used
lle_VO~•• tile'
.
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�YIVO
R~
(AJC)
347.1 (FAD 41-46)
Box 66
File 1
Kagan #1236
. JtU1uar y 7. 1952
Debevolse the next morning I further point
ed out to him tbat whereas Mr. lieCloy had spoktUto ltr. l"denauer
about a retention ot the sta.tus quo anJ. Adenauar bad been
inclined to
in order not to upset the program 'which
will soon be aompleted, Mr. Debvolse had 0.t the Sa!110 time
been negotlatlq "¥rlth the Germa:rts on the ·basis of a mixed
court. Debtl'Olse tried to oover up as 1::0010y had done oJ
some quick reference to . British and Frenoh opposition. I
did not ·lethim ott th~ hook by polnt~ug out that l could
not UD.der"atan4Fren~ oppositio.u to tlK status quo while
acoepting a :;;3IS m1:n.lC1 coUrt sinoe in their case th~ status
quo Vias a 312 mixed oou.rt. I also could not under' stand
li'r ltlsh 0PPo81tioa'to retaining tl.lE:~ pre sent arrangen~ent
.since it v'llltould then lDdlcate tb.~t th~)' had no conf1denoo
in thtiil' 6\~tn s)"SteD:l. I t wets clear however that lt was now
~oo late to settheclookbaok.
When I·
Slim
apt_.
..
.
Debevolse tried to oarr, the ball by shov:iDg how,much
. o:f the U.S.· posit1ol1.theCknur:w.s had finally accepteo, and
by .implying that SQUa' o:r·it had been accepted with dif
ficulty. (The other points in the contractuul agre~ent will
bet. ths subjeot or separate letter~.) ·He also tlrgu:.. d that
speed vras .01' the essenoe and thut the restitution oDurt
'
was onJ.yone tiDy point on the total agenda.
I CO=84 tba t CORA. was the key stronghold in v:hat
ma30r U.S. goyornment polioy in Germany and
\.ras onoe
that i f COjA tell, theentlre rest! tUt10D program would be
jeopard1zed. It the fears ot the Jewish organizations \~re
to Iilateria11ze .bY3ust a tew adverse decis1 cns ,'JtdchcC1l1d
undermine the antir. program. then the re sponslbl1i ty would
clea,rlr have to tall upon BlCOG which Vla.S oertainly made
aware of the dangers.
I also' stated that I could not agroe that the Gel"lr:an
position v:as reasonable. part1cularly in view of .t..denauar's
recent deel~tloD wnleh was supported D7 everypolitioal
partr_ If
Menauer stated 'the Germans recognize that
insufficient restltu.tion ha4beell made. and the Qi:rmans
wore anxious to hnproV8 on tile s1 tuat10n. then ttle least
that oould be expeoted ·ot them. wouJ.d be to accept· the Jewish
re!lUGsts for. the retentit)not the present system. without
seekins neW. 0e1'm8.Jl;or neutral. enoroachment. It seamed to
me that thif contraotual agreement JUI8Otla't4»& were either
unaware o·:r were. aeliberatel,- underm1nin8 the Chancellor's
and the G'ermaaa' pu.bl1ol, expressed opin1ons.
Q.,
.
.
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'
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YIVO
(AJC)
RG 347.1
Box 66
File 1
-3
(FAD 41-46)
Z&Il1Ia17 ' . 1952
arpme., ...
'fbis
84 to impress Debevoise and I _
sure he wiU .tr7 'M,_ 1Ile Gezmlm.a.
I -.,oollflcl.' that til. U.S. will 1nsis~ upon tho 3.2
oourt withDuta, ~r ocmoe8S1.0n.l__~t~e Den _etiDs
with the Germ.aaa. 140 DOt lIBva the :u.u.preaslol1 that the
u.s. wID bo14
oath18 pout tor 8Il71ndet1nlte period.
or eveD. tor 8.D.J' GOaBUerable period. S1naa the 08J'lD&llS anA
'the Alllee u. 111 alMd coatat aeaslem OD 'the oonvaotual
.
0"'
agreem8D.t. a ooDll14e1'able per1041n this lnataDoe means two
weeke.l tav tIlat UDleaa lIOIlethiDg drastio 18 done aDd
qulclt1~ttl1. Al11e4 00111'1;8, of J'e8titution appeals will be
.obaqei to pla.. tb.e Al11.8 In • minorlt)" position•
.
,
.,"'"
'
I thar.:toreooulude that apee4'r aotlon OIl the h1shest
levels 1. . . . . .t1a1U . . are to prevent the AUles fran
prostl"st1aa th._1Ytt8 at t,ba. GezmBn teet on this point .s
vJell. S1aoe ._ottb.1a .s.maomatioa i8 h1sh1l' classlfied.
the best. approaoll woulA probabl, be to start. sencU.ng inqui
r1e. about tIae earlier 1 eW1ab demaDla tbai the status quo be
reta1.De4.·1 . . eaal:a.· 1DOW.l41ns the al8l'Bl' In the U. S.j "'"
should l18aa oall8 to ttle State Dept it in tb. e name otthe
_301" o1'8s.1zatlou hlot tile JRSO) t vis1ts to Oongressman
3avit.
otbel'8·, 88 -.Uas SenstOl' Lehmaa and others.
a toUow-UP b,. Blav.ste1ll OD. ~8 letter to T.rwnaD. and eSm11ar
steps b~olU' arltliJi ooUequej.'-----·-«---·-·,--·-- ."_.-..._
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
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2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
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Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Restitution Law--France [2]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-restitution-law-france-2
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/b0137db9170b38c89de2b8747e6922c2.pdf
5f1db337f2a825af6144a6614bc79144
PDF Text
Text
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�VIVO ARCHIVES LIST of DOCUMENTS with BATES STAMP NUMBERS
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
JDC Archives AR45/64 #3840
(JDC=Joint Distribution Committee)
TOPIC: IRO and sums for relief and rehabilitation
January and May 1953, January 1957
326328, 326338-326343
JDC Archives AR45/64 #3844
TOPIC: Swedish Kroner Reparation Payments - March-April 1949, July 1948
TOPIC: IRO and Israel emigration - March 1949
326322-326327
JDC Archives AR45/64 #3845
TOPIC: Staff meeting - July-August 1948
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 65 - File 3 -AJC (FAD 41-46)
(FAD=Foreign Affairs Department ) (AJC American Jewish Committee)
TOPIC: Restitution - Berlin
July 1949
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 65 - File 4 - AJC (FAD 41-46)
TOPIC: Restitution Law - French Zone
November-December 1947
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 65 -.File 5 - AJC (FAD 41-46)
TOPIC: Restitution Law - French Zone
January and July 1948
./
xxxxxx-XX:Xxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 65 - File 6 - AJC (FAD 41-46)
TOPIC: Restitution and JRSO French Zone
April - June 1949
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 65 - File 7 - AJC (FAD 41-46)
TOPIC: Restitution and JRSO - French Zone
January June 1950
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 347.7.1 Box 66 - File 1 - AJC (FAD 41-46)
TOPIC: Court of Restitution Appeals
January 1952
xxxxxx-xxxxxx
YIVO RG 3~7.7.1 Box 143 - File 8 - AJC (FAD 1)
(FAD=Foreign Affairs Department) (AJC = American Jewish Committee)
TOPIC: Citizenship Date - November -December 1967, February -November
1966, March-May and November 1965, June 1964, July 1963,
April 1962
�xxxxxx-xxxxx
VIVO RG 347.17.10 Box 275 - Files 49-60
TOPIC: Restitution in Germany
September-October 1947, July 1950, January and August 1951
�VIVO ARCHIVES LIST of DOCUMENTS with BATES STAMP NUMBERS
345038-345057
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 295 File 5 - AJC (GEN:'lO)
(GEN=General) (AJC = American Jewish Committee)
TOPIC: Germany - German Assets in U.S - Februaryl954, November 1953,
May 1951, February 1950, December 1949
TOPIC: Germany - Dirksen Bill- July 1954
345058-345075
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 295 File 6 - AJC (GEN-lO)
(GEN=General)
TOPIC: German Assets in the U.S. - February - November 1955, November 1953,
December 1950
345076-345122
YIVORG347.17" Box 295 File6-AJC(GEN-I0) "
(GEN=General) (AJC = American Jewish Committee)
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - February - December 1955, July 1954,
June 1953
345123-345137
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 295 File 7 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General )
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - June 1959, January -February 1958,
YIVORG347.17 Box295 File9-AJC(GEN-I0)
345138-345153
(GEN=General)
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - September 1955
345154-345174
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 295 File 11 - AJC (GEN-lO)
(GEN=General )
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - March-October 1956
345175-345208
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 295 File 12 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General)
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - June and November 1955
345209-345227
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 296 File 2 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General)
_
TOPIC: Legislation on Heirless Assets - September 1953, January and October 1951,
July - December 1950, March- May 1949
345228-345274
YIVO RG 347.17 Box 296 File 3 - AJC (GEN-lO)
(GEN=General )
TOPIC: Heirless Property, AJC Act - January-July 1954, January -May 1950
�·
,
2
345275-345281
VIVO RG 347.17 Box 296 File 5 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General)
TOPIC: Heirless Property, AJC Act - January and July-August 1950
345282-345290
VIVO RG 347.17 Box 296 File 7 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General)
TOPIC: Heirless Property Legislation- January and April 1950
YIVORG347.17 Box296 File9-AJC(GEN-I0)
345291-345322
(GEN=General )
TOPIC: Heirless Property - January 1952, April 1950, January and April 1948,
TOPIC: Heirless Property - List of names involved in 250 German Accounts
against which NO claims were filed- April 1950
345323-345344
VIVO RG 347.17 Box 296 File 10 - AJC (GEN-I0)
(GEN=General )
TOPIC: Heirless Property Legislation - September 1949, November 1948
TOPIC: War Claims Commission Opposition to S.603 - February 1950
TOPIC: Survey ofOAP Vesting Orders- March and May 1950
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Restitution Law--France [1]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-restitution-law-france-1
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/74df265c99a8228e1cc70c9bb1a4745f.pdf
5e52c62268c74336d88bd2c3f9af07d5
PDF Text
Text
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Re: Essex/Bruhn -- Another attempt -- part I
Sun, 18 Jun 2000 10:57:10 AM Eastern Daylight Time
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Richard Essex/Wolfgang Bruhn 1-22-98
Egon: Tuesday, January 22, and I'm visiting with Richard Essex in Sarasota.
His former name is Richard Eichelbaum ...
I'm trying to remember now when we first encountered one another. I
think I had a letter to the editor of the New York Times, and you called me
up, and you said "I knew Becher."
Essex: Mm hm. .
Egon: And you said "I knew Kasztner."
Essex: Mm hm.
Egon: And so that's how I got very interested. in, what was the connection,
how did you get to know Becher and Kasztner, what was your encounter.
Essex: I'm a German-Jewish refugee ... my father was an attorney and a
professor for international law at the University in Berlin.
Egon: So you grew up in Berlin?
Essex: I grew up in Berlin. I went to school in Berlin, and in 19... my
father was an officer, a German officer in the first world war, Jewish, and
in 1934 when Hitler came to power, because he was not a front soldier, they
took his license immediately. His law license. So although he just started
to be a very well known lawyer and professor, as I said, for international
law, he lost his livelihood. He went back to his office several times, and
when he went back to his office--that was in the beginning of 1934-:-the SR
man standing in front of the practice he had there, the law office ... although
he was the only Jewish partner there were two others there, non-Jewish. They
arrested him and they put a sign around him--"Jew that does not want to
cooperate." And they let him down on the Unter den Linden, and they beat
him. Finally his other colleagues intervened, and he started immigration
after that immediately. So we left 'very early. Because of that incident my
father did not want to be in Germany any longer. And we left in 1934 in
June, on my thirteenth birthday, for Italy. First for Como. People at that
time said it's early to immigrate, Hitler is not going to survive, but he
managed to get a position with a Universal. ..American movie studio as a
lawyer in Rome in [?Cinacita?]. He was known in .the movie circles. He had
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certain clients that were in the movie business.
So we moved to Rome. And I went to school in Rome. At that time I was
fourteen. First I went to school in Milano, to a Swiss school, and in Rome
to a French college, because they did not take Jews in the German school, and
the Italian school asked for too many exams and I wasn't ready for that. The
French school just wanted money. Which later in my life was very
essential--that I went to that school. I'll come to that later on. I was
very knowledgeable with languages, I pick up languages in no time, but I had
a very hard time as a young man. Today they would send me to a psychiatrist.
You know; they do that, with being so mixed up. Anyway, my father started
to recuperate, and we had our furniture come in from Germany, that was still
there, they let it out. Oh we had it already in Switzerland, I forgot. That
included my father's library, which was saved by the way, it's in here. And
we started to live a normal life, and in 19... 1 wentto the French school as
I said, and we enjoyed Rome, and things looked up. My father had a very good
position, and in 1938 we went on a vacation to Como to visit some friends.
Como is near the Swiss border.
While we were there in June, 1938, a decree came out by the Italian
government, which at that time was very friendly already with the Germans,
that all foreign Jews but American Jews had to leave the country within
twenty-four hours or be shipped to Abesenia. That came out--tzack!-- in the
afternoon paper. Again, we were sitting in a cafe in Como in the afternoon.
So my father, who was a man of fast decisions, did the right thing. We went
back to the hotel, we packed whatever we had--we were on vacation--not much.
We were at the Como railroad station at five o'clock in the afternoon, and
the next train that came from Milan into Lugano was packed that people were
sitting on top of the roofs with Jews hanging out of like...thousands of
people on that train. It was almost impossible in Como, when it stopped, to
even get near the train. However, we, mostly I, had two little suitcases and
nothing, just an overcoat, we pushed ...somehow my mother...somebody let
her...picked her up and put her in. My father and I were hanging on the
rails outside. We managed to get on that train, that twenty minutes later
stopped in Lugano, which is not far. Maybe it's half an hour, but it's not
very far from Como. The Swiss at that time were very surprised. They didn't·
know the decree. They couldn't figure out why that train was so filled up at
that time. People were on the rooftops--sitting on the roofs with children.
Anyway, the train stopped an hour, we did manage to show passports, and since
they didn't know what to do with that train, the train took us into Lugano.
The border is Kiasu, I'm sorry. Kiasu is the border.... look ...
Egon: I know the area.
Essex: It's twenty minutes, okay. So we did make into to Switzerland. By
six, seven o'clock we were into Switzerland. By the way, in the New York
Times in the last few days there's a lot of articles about the Swiss camps.
I was in one of them. So, by the time we got to Lugano, we ... my father
still. ..we had some money, I guess ...because we were devastated, we found out
that the next train that came, two hours later, from Milan, the Swiss already
stopped at the border. By then they already knew the decree and closed the
. border. So we managed to get in on that last train hanging outside on the
rails. The reason I tell you all that might be a little ...it's not long ...
Egon: No, no, no. It's very important.
Essex: There is a book on my life here that gives that all in detail. But ,
I'm just giving you how I got to all of this. Okay. So... Okay we're in
Switzerla nd now...
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Egon: And you're about eighteen years old.
Essex: No, I'm about fourteen years bid. I'm...yes. I'm about seventeen
years old, or eighteen years old. Right. I'm about eighteen. So now begins
the odyssey in Switzerland. In Lugano they didn't give us permission to stay
for some reason--why, I don't remember. We had to go to Lausanne, to the
French part of Switzerland, which at that time gave us permission to stay in
Lausanne. They were very tough, but not mean. I mean these articles are not
right. And today, in today's New York Times, you didn't read it, there are
five or six letters to the editor, all expl~ining, which I would also do,
that the Swiss were son-of-a-bitches, but at least we survived, okay?
Egon: Well they had very demanding, difficult laws. They still do, by the
way.
'
Essex: They still do, and it's still the same thing, and they've been ,
attacked too much. But I don't want to defend the Swiss so much. We went to
Lausanne. Then, they told us if we are not going to leave Switzerland within
I-don't-know-what, they're going to turn us over to the Germans, which by
they way they did. They sent a lot of people later on. It's even in today's
paper. And children too. They did that. Because we were more or less in a
panic, my mother...my father was a Kissinger-type man. A highly educated
thinker, professor for international law. He was not good with coping with
the world. His life was ruined anyway. He was only fifty-four at the time,
when he had lost second time everything. The first time in the inflation in
1921. He had twelve good years in his life, and that was all he ever had,
because America was the roughest thing that ever happened to us. And I'll
come to that maybe, but that's not interesting enough: It's in the book.
They made a movie out of it, by the way, also.
Okay, so now we're in Switzerland andwe're trying to get out
frantically, and apply for visas all over. A German, non-Jewish friend of my
father's, an attorney, came with money that my father did not have coming,
but he got, at that time, a think an equivalent of five, six, seven thousand
dollars. Out of his pocket, a Schindler. Like most Jews had a lot of...he
said "Kurt this is your [?Gaja?] from I-don't-know-what-case ..." And with
the help of a movie man that was already in Havana, Harold is his name, he
was a ... he's the Jew .. .that was Uffa ...Uffa was the biggest German movie
company at the time. Lubitch and everybody that came over here came from
Uffa. We managed to get out to Cuba. The difficulties in between we can
skip. In Switzerland I was in a camp three months. But we didn't have any
more money. We managed to get out on a British ship--the "Reine del
Pacifico"--which by the way was the last ship in 1939--but we didn't know
that at the time--Ieaving from La Rochelle to Havana, and on the way, the St.
Louis, and I think you know about the St. Louis case, I won't have to tell
you, was right next to us. All the time. I mean within view. Also bound
for Havana. With Jews that had paid for their visas already like we did. At
that time I think it was a thousand dollars a piece. Today's money. Okay?
Today's money.
So by the time we halfway got to Havana, the captain said already he has
to deal with some ... the "Reine del Pacifico" went to Val Cureza, went to
Chile. Only stopped in Havana. He told us that he had information that the
Jews that are on the ships that are bound for Havana might not be able to
land in Havana, because by that time Battista had decided that the six
thousand that, he already took is, enough, and he won't accept any more. And
on that ship must have been about 1,200 passengers at the time, and 400 bound
for Havana. The others were for Chile and whatever. So we panicked. You
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.
.
can understand that. So by the time we got to Havana and the ship stopped,
this business associate, my father was his attorney, Harold, he was a movie
man, had managed to get us off the ship.
.
Egon: In Cuba.
Essex: In Cuba. We.got off. Outof the 450, sixty got off, the others
didn't. We were one.of the sixty that got off in Havana. The St. Louis, I
don't have to tell you what happened there. They .didn't get off and th.ey had.
to go back to~Gertnany because the Americans didn't take them. They sent the
Coast Guards in Miami to turn the'ship around. It's a hell of a story.
Okay. Anyway, we're in Havana. Very bad.conditions. The joint was a few
dollars a week. We had maybe, at that time, in today's money, 2000 dollars
left, at the most. And we applied for visas all over South America and
America. You know you had to apply for several countries because ...
Egon;You n~ver knew where you.':.
f'
Essex: You never knew what's coming first. Then the war broke out, in
1939. I was sitting with my father on the [?Malaco?] in Havana.:. And then,
at that time, an unfortunate thing happened again .. Because the German quota
.
now Vl(as empty--you understand it wasn't used anymore--all the people with
German passports and a "Jew" in it, which I still have here, and the "Israel"
in it~-I have the authentic passports-- were permitted visas. Americans
issued visas because the German quota was not used anymore. Visas to the
United States, which for most people w?,s the biggest event 'in their lives .
. Not so much for my father, who. was a professor for international law, and if
he would have gotten a visa for a South American country, where they have
Roman law, and where they appreciated a professor for international 'law, he
would have gotten a call to a university. Going to America meant washing
dishes, because they couldn't care less about a German professor for
international law. Or-anything. You know how America is.
Anyway, in 1940we came to America. The Eichlbaum family.
Egon: . That means the threebfyou, your 'mother, your father...
,
Essex: Mymother... yes. the other Eichlb~l:Ims,perished, bl!t that has
.,."
'.
.
nothing to do:with that.
Egon: You h~ve no siblings.
Essex: No. just the three of us happened to makeil. Okay, by bus, by the
way, when we landed in Miami in 1940 it was in January, it was ice cold. In
Miami we landed. The Evangeline, the ship that took us over, was,in a
hurricane that, night...[tape interruption] ...around and we get [?caught?] .
.
Okay. .
, '
~~~~MfNT~l~I~~~~~J~~~I%~E~V~~~:S~~~~~J~~~E~c?:A~§'~~~G~r~:E~U
ACQUAINTANCES JUST A LITTLE WHILE AGO.
That was about two months ago., We didn't know each other from Adam. So Mr.
Bruhn, welcome, tells me that he's from Bremen, and that he's in the grain
business, in the Getreide business. So I said "if you're in·theGetreide
busines~ from Bremen, you must know Becher." And he said "And how I know
Becher!" And now at least, that's all I want to say about that. That's how
it all started ....
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Bruhn: Yeah, okay, but I also cannot say much more. I was ... 1met Mr.
Becher in 1949 in October. And he just has ... and I was his first employee.
For that, it was not allowed for him to open a company... First he wanted to
open a company in Hamburg. He is from Hamburg. But there the Chamber of
Commerce didn't allow hif!1 to open a company out of his cost..
Essex: The German chamber didn't permit it?
Bruhn: No. I think the Chamber of Commerce didn't permit it. And I think
also the Grain Exchange maybe didn't permit it, but this I don't know. And
then he found a sponsor in Bremen. And then he was an employee in a company
which owned him already, partly ...of Johann Mayer. And then he got the
permission to open this company, and this was on the first of October, and
this was the day I started. So I was his first employee. Yeah, and I was
there for two and a half years, and then I left the company. But of course,
we always had a quite ...let's say ...well, it was ...you see he was so much
older than I was, and he· really gave me a nice start.
Egon: He did.
Bruhn: Then I left him out of money reasons. So, I wanted to have more and
he didn't want to ...
Egon: That's the usual nature of business, right?
. Bruhn: So, I left him, but I still was in Bremen, and I still was connected
to him. I knew his different wives. There was this one, in which he was not
married at the time. And ... so ...if you're in grain business, it's a big
whole family ...
Egon: In any business.
Bruhn: Ya, but grain especially, for it is really ...ninety-five percent of
the whole grain business is run by Jews since the end of the war.
Egon: Really? That's interesting.
Bruhn: Yeah. The only not-Jewish company is Cargil, here in Minneapolis.
Egon: Isn't that interesting, I had no idea.
Bruhn: And this was rather ...just in case of Mr. Becher was rather
astonishing ...
Egon: Because he was not Jewish.
Bruhn: For he was of course not Jewish! I don't know if you can manage
that--becoming a StandartenfOhrer and you're Jewish! But there were only two
companies in the world which were not trading with him. And I was always
astonished about that. Everybody was astonished about that. Then he became
very, very quickly very, very important...a very important company in grain
business. In Germany he was at least the number two.
Egon: What was the name of the business? Did it have a corporate name or
just his own name?
'
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Bruhn: No. Kurt A. Becher. Kurt A. Becher. And A is for Andreas, but he
called himself always Alexander. So most of the friends were calling him
Alexander. So all these grain traders are really very tight, in a very tight
contact. You have exchanges, grain exchanges together, at which you meet
each other. Grain is not only grain, it's also oil seeds. They're trading
soya beans, etcetera, so you have these ...
Egon: Does he have children?
Bruhn: Ya, he had out of his first marriage, he had four children. Two
boys and 1M.Io girls. This was the marriage during the war. And before the
war, of course, at that time. And the wife got divorced ... divorced him, for
after his past she didn't want that her children are in connection with him.
So I think this was kind of a...when it was Nuremberg, and all these trials,
I think, I don't know really how long he was in prison ...not very long ...
Egon: Could not have been very long.
Bruhn: So his wife divorced him. And then he married a second time, and
this must have been short before I came, or short before .. .for she died after
two or three months. After the marriage.
Essex: The wife?
Bruhn: Yes. A countess ... Flaten Halamut. You speak English ...German.
Egon: I understand a little bit.
Bruhn: At least the pronunciation. But she died after two months. I think
it was his girlfriend in the war. And the SS people always wanted to have
some aristocracy around them, nobles, where they can say "oh, my girlfriend
the countess," or "may I introduce you to the countess so-and-so ..." and you
know in Germany this is still something. And then he married again. A very,
very nice lady. The wife of his best friend. And so there is a similarity
in this whole thing. And they meL.they were together skiing, and he had
'
a... hexenschuss...
Egon: I know what that is. Unfortunately I know what that is.
Bruhn: And she wanted to help him, and she never left Bremen, and divorced
later and married him. And then he married another girl, which was a very,
very good rider. A European dressage champion, and so on and so on. A very
famous German rider girl. Much younger--twenty-five years younger. And from
this girl he has a daughter.
Egon: So that would be the fourth wife.
Bruhn: This is the fourth wife.
Egon: I'm keeping count.
Bruhn: The third one killed herself. I think she was alcoholic and she was
playing out of the window in the hospital or something.
'
Egon: So the daughter from the fourth wife is actually quite a young girl.
Bruhn: She's jusL.! was on her birthday ...she is thirty-six.
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Essex: She lives in Zurich?
Bruhn: She lives now in Berlin. Ya! That's alii can tell you .
. Egon: [question inaudible above passing plane]
Bruhn: No I didn't marry ... The last one, she divorced him, and I divorced
my wife. We divorced for each other. And I had a son the same age as the
girl, so we were also in skiing ...there was C! ski resort in which the biggest
grain trader in Austria had a hotel in Zefet. Hotel Astoria I think.
Essex: I know, I lived there.
Bruhn: Ya. This is hotel and the guy is Mr. Mautner. So in this hotel we
met each other, the first time, and out of this was then a big romance. But
this stopped after five or six years, for he ... he is sO... as that time, he
was so tremendous rich, really, that I had really no chance. And I think she
underestimated with all these horses ...this is really a thing of 100,000
marks a month, what you get with all these things. She believed she could do
it, and finally ... and she remarried him.
Egon: She had divorced him, and then she remarried him?
Bruhn: Short before he died. But this was obviously out of tax reasons.
Essex: What, now? Because he only died, what, two years ago or something.
Bruhn: He died ... yes, a year ago. One and a half years ago. Or two years
ago. Two years ago.
Essex: He was close to ninety.
Bruhn: No, he was I think eighty-five. Eighty-six.
Egon: So basically his fourth wife remained his widow.
Bruhn: The fourth wife is now his widow, yeah.
Essex: And inherited.
Bruhn: Inherited ... yes, okay, but the company was bankrupt, or nearly
bankrupt. This is not the old time when you had to spend all your money to
pay all your debts as my grandfather has done it and as my father has done
it...
Egon: You let the bank take care of it.
Bruhn: Yeah. They were limited companies, and so I think he had a
rather. .. He was a long time really subsidizing his company. And the last
years, when he got older, he really couldn't. The company was still big.
Egon: So the children are not in the business. They did not go into ...
Bruhn: No ... yes, yes. The son was in the business. So, out of these first
four children, one son died. I think was ... he had epileptic... he was ill.
He was fallen from a horse and he died. So there are one son
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left--Michael ...
Egon: Where does he live?
Bruhn: Yeah, he lives ... now he was...okay this company, the company of
Becher, was bought by one of the biggest American agriculture
companies... now, my Alzheimer's is coming ... 1cannot tell you now the name.
But it's very, very famous. It's like Archer-Daniels. It's a very, very big
company. And they bought first fifty percent, and after that the rest. So
he had to go out. And then this company took his son ... [telephone rings ... [
Egon: So Michael. ..
Bruhn: Michael got some very nice window job called European ... European
manager of the interest of this company. And then I think he made a mistake
and he bought a chewing gum f~ctory in Istanbul. In Turkey.
Essex: Becher?
Bruhn: No, the son ....for this American company. This is as far as I
know.
Egon: They didn't expect him to take things seriously.
Bruhn: Ya, but this thing was very serious and cost a lot of money. So.l
think they're throwing him out when Becher left the company ...they were
throwing him out or ... And then I think, as a golden handshake, he got this
factory.
Egon: The chewing-gum factory?
Bruhn: Ya. And I met him just two months ago on this birthday, and he
still lives and works, and has this company. And the daughters are married.
The two daughters are married to different guys.
Egon: Do you know their names?
Bruhn: No. One daughter is married ...was married to a diplomatic corps man
in Germany. And he was called ... it's a noble ... his name was von Werk. And
the other one was married to a very big, very early already ...to a very big
shipping agent in Bremen, and also they divorced. So they are not longer
married. And the others, I don't know with whom they are married now. I
just met them. And this was twenty years ago that I haven't seen them.
Egon: So this birthday party was kind of like a ...
Bruhn: A reunion. Yeah.
Egon: So what is the youngest daughter's name?
Bruhn: The youngest daughter's name is Alexandra. From Alexander of
course, Alexandra. And she is called still Becher, and she will keep the
name. She is also married the second time now, and she still has her name.
Egon: And she lives in Bremen?
Bruhn: In Berlin now.
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Egon: Oh in Berlin rather.
Bruhn: She just married, on this day...she married in Antigua, .I think, on
the fifth of December.
.
Essex: And wealthy?
Bruhn: I really cannot estimate. At least..;okay, I think the heritage was
quite gqod. But I cannot estimate that. I don't know, really, what was
left, moneywise.
Egon:What was your impression of Becher? I'm surprised. actually, that
you say that his first wife divorced him because of the war. Obviously there
must be other reasons in any marriage, but my impression of Becher was always
a very favorable one.
Bruhn: Which ...
on: That he ultimately.acted very honorably. vis-a-vis the Hungarian Jews
o he helped save. So now what happened long before then I cannot say.
Obviously we're talking about a long stretch of time in which people have the
opportunity to do honorable things, and also dishonorable things.· So I'm
Iy aware of the honorable things. I don't know much about the dishonorable
Bruhn: Okay, I personally must say that he was, in a certain way ...My
father was ...my step-father, was an admiral, and he was taken by the
Americans and English after the war to London. Immediately in '45.
Essex: Who is that, your f~ther?
-<ta
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.COM
AOLMaHSM
SUbj:
Date:
From:
To:,
Re: Essex/Bruhn
Another attempt
Part II
Sun, 18 Jun 2000 10:59:55 AM Eastern Daylight Time
EgonMayer
Cfenyvesi
Bruhn: No" my step-father, with whom I lived the longest tim
And he was writing there naval history until '53.
So he was
twentieth of July.
Nobody knows really, but I think if the w
been a little bit more longer, I think they would have caught
he had ... let's say for the last three quarters, let's say, mi
the end of the war, he had know post at all.
So he was also
window ...
Egon:
He was an admiral [?of window dressing?] .
Bruhn: Right. And for Donitz, which was the same age as he
vice-admiral and Donitz was ... told him that ... So, he was the
commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean until '43.
So with t
all these ships to Africa to support ... and so-on and so-forth
came back to Berlin and then they were sending him around, an
instance, he told me he was in No rwiegia ...
Essex:
Norway.
Bruhn: Norway ... and then he had, there, to talk about ... I th
after the landing, in Normandy, and then he said, to these off
be very dif cult to get the Americans out. And then an of
came to him and said "I don't understand, yesterday there was
teach us'war history, and they s~id okay it would be a questi
four days, and then the Americans would be'out of Europe." A
This was, of course, a big fight with Donitz, and then Dbnitz
cannot use an admiral who is not believing in the end," or in
end of the war ... or I don't know what.
Essex:
Endlerdung ..
Bruhn:
Ja ... no, nicht enderldung ...
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Egon:
I understand. He needed somebody with confidence ln t
If somebody doesn't have confidence ...
Essex:
Egon:
In the favorable ending of the war.
Sure.
Sure.
Bruhn:
I think he was a total tactic and strategist. So he
before the war made all these big maneuvers, and the English
very much liked him. Otherwise they wouldn't have put him up
They know his big science about the history and strategy.
Egon:
So he knew Becher as well?
Bruhn: No, he didn't know Becher. And I think ... I don't eve
he knew... And I, of course, when I came in this company, I
Becher was.
I didn't know nothing about his past. The only
was ... So this was on ...
I came on first of October.
Egon:
What year?
In '49. And at that time the company was maybe SlX p
Bruhn:
people. And most of them were SS officers.
Essex:
Ex-SS officers.
Bruhn: Right, ex-SS officers.
lieutenants ...
Egon:
Let's s
Do you remember any of their names?
Bruhn:
Yes of
Ii
his second
automobiles, or
doctor he was I
Egon:
But very low ranked.
course. There was a Dr. Pinkpan, which was h
man in the company. But he was an SS officer
So which doctor he was,
something like that.
cannot remember.
Maybe economics.
Bruhn:
I don't think so.
I don't think so. Then he wouldn'
such a low ... he was maybe a second lieutenant at that time.
a year a er Becher, or something like that.
So he must have
bit younger. And the ,other one I don't remember. There were
The bookkeeper, and he also was a ... I don't know even if he w
Egon: So did you learn at all· about his wartime activity?
about this?
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Bruhn: Okay, then, after a short time, of course on the exch
see I was an apprentice in Kiel, which is <really countryside.
Kiel. And my father was a grain trader. And it was very dif
job at that time, in 1947.
I made my habitur, and then I was
country grain traders, let's say.
SO.I never was on the big
Hamburg or Bremen.
Point one, there was no exchange any long
was no grain trade after the war. And I was not in contact w
traders.
But now, of course, I came in regular contact with
with Italian, with French, with Dutch people, and so on and s
more and more I heard about him. And of course I spoke with
sometimes, when we were together, we were talking hours and h
he has done, when I knew of course... There is no question t
telling all these stories in favor, of course, of him.
He wa
that. Especially against a young guy.
So really, I didn't ..
that time, and in the later time, for then it began in Bremen
Hakenkreuze ...
Essex:
Swastikas.
Bruhn:
On his house, and so on, and so on.
Egon:
Really?
Bruhn: Yeah. And this they have done until the nearest futu
think it ,was eight years ago, or ten years ago, where they wa
in the board, I think of Harbag-Lloyd.
Harbag-Lloyd is a big
you know that. And I don't know which idiot, really ... and he
so ... he was so ...
Egon:
He seemed like a very gentle man.
(
Bruhn: Yeah, not a gentle man, but he was always overestimat
He knew, of course, who he was, but he thought that his powe
of Harbag, to get him in the board--I think it was done by ...
of ... any bank.
I don't know.
So this is ... I'm coming later
point ... he never ... Ric~ard was asking me if I believed if B
after the war. And I said to Richard, "I cannot believe that
penny." He was very, very well dressed.
Extremely well dres
nice lifestyle. But he was earning, already in this time, a
Egon:
From the grain business?
Bruhn: No, at that time there was no grain business, a~d we
American surplus, army surplus, that he bought these army ... w
put your food in or whatever ...
Egon:
Mess kits.
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Essex:
Mess kits.
Bruhn:
Mess kits?
Essex:
Ja, ja.
Bruhn:
He bought, 150,000 ... 200,000.
Egan:
So ganz dickes, bewechtes, Material ...
But where did he have the capital -from?
Bruhn: Yeah ... 1 will tell you this later. And he bought the
200,000, which was a piece, maybe ten or twenty pfennigs, and
came. A shoe
ctory came, and needed this als Brandtsoles ..
Egan:
Sales.
Bruhn: Ya,
this piece!
Egan:
se interior sales.
It was so highly ...
And they paid him two or t
Valuable .
Bruhn:
.. . highly valuable material.
Essex:
It was not mess kits then, it was ...
Bruhn:
Nein, nein, das war bewechte ...
Egan:
It was very valuable.
It was the lining.
Bruhn: Absolutely.
It was the lining, and das war so ... in k
next thing he has done was a total
ilure.
For he wanted to
thing with belts, but he underestimated the little holes in t
the shoe fa ory said "no go!"
Essex:
He
Bruhn:
There were little holes in these belts.
Egan:
what~
It was defective.
Bruhn:
see?
And the shoe factory couldn't need the sale with thes
Essex:
I understand that, yes.
Bruhn: So, we had to burn everything. SO.I went down ... At t
could trade grain, for it was only the old companies got a ce
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import grain from the United States--on which they earned a 1
it was a guarantee. There was no speculation at all, it was
prlce.
So these so-to-say traders had very early to do other
Essex:
from?
Well, may I ask,one question?
You said ... Where did h
Bruhn: Okay. Na gut. This is the next thing.
I cannot tel
background is, really. S~ from the beginning, when he starte
bank who would give him e~erything what he wanted, and this w
There is ... he knew the Baron Oppenheim. But, it was, and now
story, that Oppenheim had to give his bank away to a man who
first ... was heisst "Berater?"
Essex:
Advisor.
Bruhn: Advisor of Adenauer. A very, very famous German poli
cannot tell you the name ... [tape ends] ...
NOTE: AT THIS POINT BRUHN LEFT THE CONVERSATION AND ESSEX RES
NARRATIVE, SWITCHING TO THE TIME
WAS IN DEGENDORF WIT KARL
HAD - BY HIS OWN ACCOUNT - MET BECHER.
Essex:
.. . So Karl [Kittstein] said to me "this is either the
in the world, or we got a story that is unbelievable. 'You kn
going to do?" And I said "we could do anything." You know i
the army you had to ask permission to go to the toilet ... some
"Let's go to Switzerland and see if ... " oh yeah, he gave us t
number of Sali Mayer in Zurich, he did that. He's the head 0
gave us his telephone number. And he said "you could check a
So we put uh ... we had the report ... and I'll come to that, her
"1 's pack up and go, and tell them that we're on a sec
m
know we had to tell somebody in regimen what we ... we were CIC
off for the Swiss border. We got there to St. Margareten in
The morning we took off from Degendorf ...
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
And where is Becher at this point?
You left him at th
No, no, we put him back in the camp.
I see.
So he finished his report ...
Essex: He finished his report, and we read the report, and w
believe what he said ... about selling Jews, and trucks, and di
money, and vice, and Jews that he saved ... which I'll come to,
something different. Anyway, Karl and I take off for the Swi
without permission, as CIC. As I said, we could do that. We
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border in the evening. Karl speaks good German, but not very
He speaks with an accent, but enough German that he was ... I w
always did all the
lking.
So I walked up, in St. Margarete
Swiss ...
Egon:
Border patrol ...
Essex: Border guards.
Pulled up in that Mercedes, by the wa
a photo of that car.
Four dour, open Mercedes.
Today worth
had it. And I asked for a guy by the name of Mustachio. Now
Ame can uniforms on, and the Swiss were very ....
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
And his name was Mustachio?
No, Mustachio means ...
Oh I see, the one who has a mustache.
Essex:
... with the big, red mustache. They're called a "mus
told us, "you ask Must"achio to lend you phone." And luck tha
Mustachio was there!
He was on duty. And he said, in a Swis
imitate it but you don't understand!--what he can do for us,
he ever heard of a certain Becher.
"Oh!
r herr Standarten
He snapped to attention.
"Oh I know Becher!
I put the chair
the American gentleman by the name of ... " McCoy, or what ... 1
Something like that.
"Yes, they discussed several times out
and I had to put up two chairs on the middle of the bridge,"
had to sit on the German side of the bridge--the bridge was h
half Swiss, over a little r
r. And he knew all about Beche
Standartenftihrer, and felt very important. So I asked him if
telephone call, it was by that time about eight o'clock in th
called the numbers he gave me ...
Egon:
For Sali Mayer.
Essex:
For Sali Mayer, and who answers the phone? Sali Maye
the telephone, not Karl.
I said, "Sinned Sie der Chef von 'j
Schweitz?" And he was very "who are you!?" And I said "I'm
you know a herr Standartenftihrer Becher?" He says" cher?
not say ,another word on the phone. Where are you?" I said"
Margareten at the border." Mind you that was Zurich, about a
drive.
I said "Becher told us ... " "Don't discuss Becher on
Where are you? "I'm in St. Margareten." "Are you an officer
States Army?" "Yes, we are, we want to talk to you about Sta
cher." He says "stay where you are, you're going to be pic
hours."Is that clear?
At eleven o'clock ... we stayed there, somehow we got somet
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Because ... somehow we managed to get something to eat, because
on the German side. About eleven o'clock in the evening, thr
a car showed up, I don't know what it was, and two Swiss army
motorcycles with the car. We were not permitted to take our
Switzerland. We were permitted into Switzerland without a vi
passport. The army people talked to Mustachio, he didn't hav
to let us into Switzerland mind you. We were Arne can soldie
desert. We could do anything. Once we're over that border w
return. Okay?
Egon:
I hear you.
"
Essex: Then it's done. The war is over for us.
No more sch
Anyway, he saluted, and he says "die Herren kbnnen in die Sch
into the car, two motorcycles, and drivers, and both of us dr
Gallon, which is the next town, about thirty kilometers. Not
stop at some Gasthaus in St. Gallon, which by the is Switzerl
Switzerland!
I mean we were out of that scheiss-dreck in Swi
you could buy a meal and a beer in a store and pay for it!
Egon:
A normal society.
Essex: Normal society. And in the Gasthof, the soldiers too
and an old man was sittin'g there, maybe eighty, and he says"
We sat down at the table with him ...
Egon:
It was the middle of the night?
Essex:
It was about eleven, twelve o'clock at night. Yes.
was eleven ... And that's when Karl said "I'll talk now." Ok
started very rough. Too rough.
You know he could give me di
Don't forget he was a captain.
Egon:
I understand.
I was a sargeant.
Essex:
talk .. . "
Egon:
I mean we were buddies, but when h
He was your boss.
Essex: He was my boss. When we talked to the Germans, we we
very polite. And we were army, front.
We were [?shelled?],
guns, we were front soldiers. We weren't exactly very clean
we wore better uniforms than the front soldiers. We had U.S.
started to talk to him, in my opinion, in the wrong tone of v
eighty-year-old man and he asked him, immediately, "is that t
money? Where is the money?" You know? And in the report he
millions that were transferred. Millions and millions of Swi
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transferred by the Hungarian Jews into Switzerland via Sali M
joint. He gave names and addresses, and Karl was a er the m
started to scream at the old man.
I thought it's horrible th
it, it's wrong, but I couldn't say a goddamn word.
You know,
way.
In the army.
Egon:
You didn't want to risk your neck.
Essex: No. He said "where is the money, and how much money
I get at the money ... " So he started crying.
Egon:
He was not a very intelligent man.
Essex: No, he was very clumsy. So the guy had tears in his
eighty years old, and started crying. Really crying. And Ka
of a bitch, you got the money." You know?
Egon: Why was he willing to meet with you?
jump in the lake.
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
He could have to
My personal opinion is that he had a bad conscience.
Aboutwhat?
About somebody who
k~ew
that he had the money.'
Egon: So, let me be sure I understand what you're saying, ok
saying, and obviously you're saying it based on what Becher s
transferred money into Switze and via Sali Mayer.
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Yes.
Period.
Yes.
Egon: And that he, Becher, felt, that on his say-so, Sali Ma
the money back to you in order to ...
Essex:
No.
Give money.
Egon: Give money. So from Becher's vantage point, the guy w
even talk to him at certain points, and would only meet him 0
Essex: No, no, no. He didn't meet Sali Mayer. On the bridg
American envoy to discuss the 10,000 trucks. How he met Sali
know.
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Egon:
Essex:
Page 9 of 11
Well there is some indication that Becher and Sali May
Also met on the bridget
I don't know.
Egon: Either on the bridge or in St. Gallen itself. But the
have read it in certain places, is that Sali Mayer was extrem
him, saying "I'm not willing to deal with Nazi butchers," and
out. So it's a little puzzling ... Why would Becher think ...
Becher had a reason to believe that Sali Mayer would transfer
his ass, to put it very bluntly.
I don't know th
Essex: Yes. That's the address he gave us.
I'm only a sargeant in the army.
\
Egon:
All right, I hear you.
But obviously you went to Swit
Essex: We went to Switzerland and it was important enough fo
come from Zurich to St. Gallen in the middle of the night, la
evening, to send a car to pick us up from the border with two
maybe they were police, maybe they were an army outfit, ! for
Egon:
Okay, whoever they were.
Essex: Anyway we sat there, he bought us a meal, and Karl ra
he started crying, really crying.
It was my personal opinion
Ka IS, that
Egon:
You touched a raw nerve ...
Essex: No. That he saw ... that he didn't want to tell us det
whatever reason, where the money was, or whatever. Anyway, a
noticed that there was nothing we could do.
He didn't talk"a
a little bit embarrassed to tell you the truth.
I would have
other way around, but it was done. He said "can I do somethi
And he was a schnapps 1... He said "Yes, I wouldn't mind get
cognac somewhere." And he, at the wUrtzhaus where we ... the G
whatever it was where we were sitting ... they had three or fou
cognac, which he bought and'paid for.
Then he walked down on
with us.
It was by that time one o'clock'or two o'clock in t
walked to' a jewelry store on the main street, rapped on the ..
Egon:·
Window ... shutters.
Essex: The guy got out of bed and bought us each a chronogra
that time for me was like a Rolex plus.
It had ... you know, 0
that. He had his, whatever ... five bottles of cognac, and we
say a word, because we didn't ... he didn't tell us where the m
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Page 10 of 11
did say that the money was there ...
Egon:
In Switzerland ....
Essex: That I remember. We went back and Karl said "you know
report ... this is a very hot case, because," and he was at tha
I was ... 1 said to Karl "you know, can you imagine, in the mid
in 1944,' an SS colonial sits on the bridge and talks to an Am
sent by Roosevelt,?" that's what he said, "about ten thousand
the Hungarian Jews out of Hungary? That's a hot story. And
story ever comes out, it's very embarrassing for somebody."
"yeah ... mostly very ... " I mean, that we have to turn in that
this guy is hot ... we got to tell somebody.
He didn't tell an
him in the house.
He wrote the report, we read the report, w
Switzerland to see if we ...
Egon:
And you did that all on your own authority?
Essex: We did that all on his authority. ·On the captain's a
On our own authority. We didn't say anything about it, the
camp, nobody knew who he was.
So we sat down in Degendorf, a
talked, a er we slept a little.
I said to Karl, "you know,
said "get the son of a bitch again, and get it in writing wit
we go back and get the son of a . .. " You know he was that kin
know, "the son of a bitch," nad"
bastard," and "the money
So we got him out of camp again. And now comes another i
story.
I said "Karl, let me talk to him, okay?" And Karl, a
schnapps ... but you're not ever going to show it to him?
e
schnapps he let me talk to Becher .
.... [telephone interrupts] ...
... we put him up again, I gave him a meal and a couple of cig
was very elegant in his way, and very...
I said "tell me abo
Where are the Jews that you allegedly saved?" I told him I'm
didn't surprise him a bit. He said "I noticed that immediate
could you be, speaking German?" He was very surprised that K
He said "I saved several hundred Hungarian Jews personall
thousand were sent away by train. But personally I saved a f
and I had ... I attached myself to a tank battalion that Ie
H
get ... to be taken prisoners by the Americans. That's how I g
prisoner--with that battalion. And on the tanks we had along
Jews and children that I loaded personally .... personally load
tanks."
Which sounded very strange to me.
That an SS officer loa
on a tank to take them along! And he says" I put them up in
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Page 11 of 11
he gave me the name of the villages, which were five or six ..
Egon:
Around Oegendorf?
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SUbj:
Date:
From:
To:
Page 1 of 11
SM
Re: Essex/Bruhn -- Another attempt
Part III
Sun, 18 Jun 2000 11:01:54 AM Eastern Daylight Time
EgonMayer
Cfenyvesi
Essex: Around Degendorf. So the next day I put him back in
in the evening. Karl and I went ... yeah ... And then he says "b
a Jewish ... I girlfriend. And I understand ... a lady
iend.
the captain likes to drink cognac. She has a few boxes of ve
that I left with her." And he wrote us ... hand wrote us a not
should give us a box of cognac.
We went to, in Degendorf ... wherever it was.
It was somew
forget.
We found her in an attic, a very beautiful Jewish wo
~:hat was his mistress.
I remember that I was very impressed
these old suitcases, you know, that you open up, like in the
you ...
Egon:
Trunks.
Essex: Trunks. Several of them standing there.
And Karl ga
and she was mad.
She turned green, and didn't want to give 0
and she went in the cellar and gave him the cognac, and we le
about that story only before he turned into the vegetable, he
true.
I'm imagining things. He said to me.
He doesn't want
that.
Anyway, he had a Jewish girlfriend that he had saved. Bu
to see the families that he told us--the Hungarians that he h
wanted to se~if the story is true. And we went to these
r
they had dozens of Hungarian Jewish families in the barns, an
Herr Standartenftihrer, where is the Herr Standartenftihrer?"
the camp. They rushed into the barns, got a wurscht, got a p
"Take that to the Herr Standartenftihrer, he saved our lives."
Standartenftihrer, and the Herr Standartenftihrer and they coul
it.
So the story that he did save Jewi ... I personally saw an
least two dozen, if not more, of Jewish people in barns, that
tanks into Germany and placed, on orders of a Standartenftihre
with farmers, and left them there, and they were safe. And w
that he's in the camp they said "Herr Standartenftihrer, give
eat and bring him this ... " And I said "what did you pay him
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"Nothing," they said, "we paid nothing." "Did you give him j
We gave him our jewelry, and he said he was going to deposit
Switzerland. We wrapped it up and put our names on it."
Karl said "that can't be. The story cannot be true. Tha
Standartenftihrer saving the Jews ... where are the ... we ask him
him out of camp again, we took him out, we said "where's the
happened to it?" "When I was taken prisoner I had it on my t
was a eIe team also there, and I gave them the jewels~" A eI
them the jewels.
I said "do you remember who you gave it to?
name of ... and officer by the name of Slater."
Egon:
Slater.
Essex: 'S-L-A-T-E-R, I remember that name.
Okay.
Later I
forget how, that Slater delivered the jewelry to Salzburg, wh
was the headquarters of counte ntelligence, and that the jew
deposited in a sa
in the Landners Bank in Salzburg. Landes
judge, the courthouse. And
om there they disappeared. Tha
heard.
The jewels were delivered by Becher.
He did not kee
were delivered by Slater into the Landesgericht, where later
office--the eIe later had an of ce in there--and from there
anything anymore about what happened to the jewels.
Now, we finally went up to Munich, at the time it was our
a few days later, to tell a colonial of the eIe the story ... o
story. Okay?
Egon:
Who actually arrested Becher?
Or was he not arrested,
Essex: Yes, he was arrested with that tank unit and put in a
really arrested him ...
Egon:
I see, so it was nothing personal, he was probably goi
Essex:
It was in a group of maybe hundred Panzers ... that's t
it.
I wasn't there, okay, but that's the way I understand it
Panzer unit drove into the American sector to be taken p~ison
in that Panzer unit and we were the first ones he told that s
Egon:
Understood.
Essex: When he typed the report, somehow Karl kept the repor
sudden got a little secret with me.
He kept the repo
Now
into Salzburg to see the high-ranking counterintelligence off
not take me,along.
I went into Salzburg, but not into the co
there.
I know that we wanted that Mercedes to be registered
he wanted to make a deal there. Which, by the way, worked au
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Page 3 of 11
the officers in there I don't ... 1 wasn't in there.
But three days later I was called Salzburg ... some had ... I
where we were that we ... I think we went back to Salzburg from
because that was our headquarters for the counterintelligence
was called to the Laridesgericht, where the officers were, to
he said to me, "Sargeant," or "Mister," or whatever they call
CIC, I don't remember,~"you know about the Becher deal? I sa
interrogated hm." "I don't want you to say anything to anybo
case, and that's a goddamned order." "Yes sir." What was I.
army, you know, I don't give a shit about Becher.
He screame
Karl and I were really buddies by that time.
We did all kind
this was only one of them. They separated us.
All of a sudd
trans rred and I don't know why. And I was transferred to B
Hitler was born, to another intelligence team.
I kind of kep
myself.
Later, and this is of course getting too far now, Ka
up in Braunau, also with the eIe again, and from then on we I
track, and whatever happened from him then .... and he got into
Americans did with him and where they hid him and why they di
the end of my story, okay? I only heard about Becher later 0
in Der Spiegel.
I was interrogated about Becher maybe twenty
again by journalists, only last year by the Suddeutsche Zeitu
Becher story ends right there.
Egon:
The date is about what at this point?
This is 1945, S
Essex: The date is about October~ 1945. Now the report that
the ty pewriter, the original report Karl kept.
I don't know.
other reports later on, okay, Becher did.
And Ka
kept them
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
150 pages.
Whatever.
Whatever, let it be forty,
let it be eighty ...
No, it was like this.
He just kept it.
Essex:
The original.
I was later transferred out of the arm
into the ere as a c
lian in the rank of an officer.
I stay
for another ten years, as a civilian, in Europe.
I was disch
took me as a civilian. Well paid jobs and I didn't care to g
Arne ca--it wasn't my cup of tea. The Becher story always ca
people started to interroga
me about books, and this and th
out that he went to Bremen, and that he started a big busines
guy that wrote the book about me wanted to know all about Bec
something about it, and that Becher became the first billiona
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after the war. They only had four, and Becher was one. That
got. Where he got the initial money to start the business he
know.
didn't have anything, but all of a sudden he bought
Okay? Where did he have the money from if he didn't have any
hundred percent personally convinced that he got the money ...
the money that he deposited in Switzerland was under Sali May
almost certain,
I don't know for sure, that he deposited som
under other names, because he got rich so fast, and he was ab
many things after the war.
I am personally convinced that he
money came from.
Maybe the Weiss family gave him money after
he saved them. Maybe some of the Jews gave him money, but wh
the money from right away? I mean they were poor, okay?
Anyway the report that he wrote, Karl didn't want ... Okay.
what, about 1980, Die Stern magazine, you Die Stern magazine
They wrote a big report on Becher. And they had a guy by the
of ... here's my Alzheimer's ... a famous journalist who said he
Tagebucher, you know he had the Hitler ...
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Diaries.
Diaries ...
Oh yeah.
Essex:
I'll think of his name right away.
came to my off
about Bether, ~efore he had that Hitler story. A guy by the
of ... whatever. And I told him about Becher, and I also said
,
original report that
cher wrote, a guy by
name of Kitzs
a captain in the army, but I haven't seen him for thirty year
lost track of Karl.
I've always wanted\to see him again.
I
track of him.
So this guy from Die Stern did like the newspa
the jourtialists cah do, went to the army headquarters somewhe
Karl living in Sarasota. Okay?
Egon:
At this point you were ln Europe still?
Essex:
I, was still in Europe, he was here already. And he w
discharged from the army. He was by that time a full-colonia
He had his twenty years in and he had a business here in Sara
gave me his telephone number, and I called him up. And we go
you still alive?"
And ... okay. And he says "well this journ
to see you about the Becher story ... " I'll think of the name
had it ready for you, because later he went to jail ...
Egon:
Essex:
Karl ... Irving ...
Nein, nein, nein, Irving is the writer ln England.
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Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Page 5 of 11
Another fraud.
A fraud, yeah.
I remember the whole big story.
Essex: Anyway, this guy went to see Karl, and Karl is ... when
about Germany and Nazis ... 1 ... 1 love the guy, even if he's ...
say too much. He gave him the original.
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
He gave him the manuscript?
Yeah.
Never got it back obviously.
Essex: Never got it back.
He kept a photocopy. That he gav
original ... why I could never find out, and I better not ask h
ask him.
I have the name for you, by the way.
Egon:
Okay.
Essex: Anyway, later we found out that he, that journalist,
the Hitler story, worked with some neo-Nazi organization, for
destroyed all these things so there'd be no more trace. And
although he worked for the Der Stern, and was highly paid, di
that report. Okay. The only one who had a copy of that repo
That's where the shit hit the fan with him. Now I got to Sar
see each other, and I still like him, and he still has the re
year I tried to get the report, even for you.
But he refused
and he got very antisemitic.
Egon:
What does he hope will happen ...
Essex:
I don't know.
getting vicious ...
He just ... you might as well not ask hi
Egon: No, no, no, I'm asking you, in your opinion, what do y
thinks is going to happen with that report?
Essex:
I don't know. Maybe he doesn't want to turn it in be
have turned it in, as an officer at that time.
It's possible
r wi th him ...
Egon:
Essex:
I understand that.
But last time you called me and you didn't show, I sa
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Page 6 of 11
man coming," and no way he wants to meet you, no way he wants
said "let me at least have a little bit of the report," and I
pages, which I have here. These are the original writings, i
pages of that report on that typewriter at that time.
It's i
have a copy somewhere, but I don't have it, and I don't know
You would have to have it translated.
It has some interesti
just a page here or a page there.
Egon:
I understand.
Essex: But this is the original typewriter.
[tape is interr
book is about the Hitler diaries. Kubi is a German journalis
Joel Brand book. You have that in English?
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
I don't think so.
The ...
Oh, the old Brand book.
Yes, the old Brand bQok I hav
In German?
In English.
They have it ln English?
Yes.
It's called The Desperate Mission.
This is one of the very few Ie
No, I have it in English.
overs ln German, from
It was published ,in 19 ...
Fifty-something.
Egon: Yeah, '57 or '58. And it in he talks about how
of Jewelry and gold and money to the CIC.
Essex: See!
Slater.
Egon:
cher
That's absolute1y ... I heard the same thing.
By
There's no name there.
Essex:
I remember the name, and I think somebody kept it. S
Suddeutsche wanted to know when they were here is the story i
talked about not only Jews but, by the away about gold. That
StandartenfUhrer SS man did turn gold belonging to the Hungar
people over to Switzerland, and it disappeared afterwards. T
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interesting on the story.
Egon: Well, t
point is that there a
two different issues
he said he turned it over to Switzerland. And why would he s
to the CIC, or is it different ...
Esse~:
Egon:
No dif
Dif
rent things ...
amounts of money.
Essex: A dif rent matter. The Jews were turned over to the
them on the tank battalion, when he evacuated the Jews on tha
was not commander there ... he was riding along.
He said somet
report about the gold that he turned over to the Swiss author
g'old disappeared inSwi tzerland, not by the German SS men who
that's what the German paper wanted to know.
that was the st
Egon:
I see, I see.
[tape is interrupted again]
Egon:
I guess the other interesting ... working now ... I guess
thing here is that he seems to have given some money to Sali
Switze and. There seems to have been some other moneys that
the CIC. Two different sums.
Essex:
Yes.
But I was only a small, small little flame in t
thing.
By coincidence I got ... you know, by coincidence I mee
book ... I want to tell you about my book which is ... it's full
I mean things that just don't happen happened to me, althoug
was I?
private, and later a sargeant in the United States
involved in all kinds of things, not only the Becher affair.
Straus. Straus was a German minister.
He was Vertreidungsmi
was ...
Egon:
Commerce?
Essex: No, Vertreidung is army. And Lockhead, and what have
always involved in things by coincidence because I was a lang
Coincidence! By coincidence I meet this guy sitting in a caf
on!
In Sarasota, fifty
rs later.
He told you what he had
Becher.
I don't know anything about what he did la~er on.
business with him.
I mean that's ... incredible.
'
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
It is an amazlng series ...
Amazing story.
An amazing series of coincidences.
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Essex:
Page 8 of 11
So I don't know if I could help you with what I have
Egon: Well you've helped me an enormous amount, an enormous
deeply grateful.
Essex:
What do you do?
Do you work that into history?
I'm trying to write the story of this part
Egon: Well look.
transpo , and the whole transaction with ...
Essex:
Egon:
So maybe one or two sentences you can use ...
More than one or two.
Essex:
... you think that you can use.
you understand how it works.
But I want to build u
Egon: The most important thing is to understand the dynamic
relationships. This is all about relationships, and you can'
hard sitting in the United States, fifty- ve years later, to
mentality of how could Jews and Germans interact with one ano
hand, victims, on the other hand, trading partners.
I mean,
moment the German could kill the Jew, but at the same time ne
Essex:
Needed the Jews, yeah.
Egon: This is the most incomprehensible relationship.
we see things much more in black and white.
In th
Essex: Right.
You know, I come into contrast here with Amer
people.
I very seldom deal with them at all. Very seldom.
that, but since I'm in America, which, I mean continuously, i
1990.
I didn't come back.
I love America but ... look what's
president now with all these women!
I was a bachelor until I
would have been in jail here! And I don't appreciate all the
whatever he does ... They'dirty up the government with these
women ... these ... not my cup of tea. But I was a faithful sold
and I did my duty. So does Karl. He was a great officer. G
the silver star and the bronze star, he was a hero.
Egon:
He deserved it.
Essex: A hero. And he was good to me. At that time he was
And if he wants to g
me the repo
now, or not the report,
things back then... Karl came from a lower middle class Bava
he was a bad boy when he was a kid.
He always told me "you k
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Page 9 of 11
lived in Achsenstrasse in Munich, and one day I opened the wa
the street with th~ fire engines, and I flooded the whole str
basements, and they almost put me in jail but I was only ten
my uncle," he lived with an uncle, "he couldn't take me any I
shipped me off to some relatives in America." And that's how
America.
During the war, when we got to Munich, you know, we
first divisions in Munich, he says "get in the car Richard."
got to go down town." I said "captain, you know there are ar
the goddamn place. We don't have to do that." We don't go d
when the artillery is still firing allover the goddamn place
in the fucking car." Jeep. So I got in.
I didn't know Muni
Munich later for forty years and I' loved it, but at that time
ruins.
I mean smoking allover, dead people on the street, h
street, dead ... So he drives right to Achsenstrasse ...
Egon:
Where he grew up.
Essex: Where he grew up. He disappears in this cellar somew
with a wrench, opens the water hydrant, the water splashes al
goddamn place, he stands there, grinning.
's that type of
he looked like Clark Gable. And then people come out of the
house still had a few windows. UKarli!
Der Karli is da!
Ka
They recognized him!
Karli was back. And he stood there. A
asked "you're chargierte,"--you're a captain. And the water
he ... "rahhhhhhh!" That's the kind of a guy.
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Does he have any kids?
Yeah.
Three, four sons.
Are they military also?
Egon: One 1S a major with West Point. The others are here.
every once in a while, and f'm going to see him again he's ...
doesn't want to have anything to do with that, you know she's
and I've 'known her for forty years.
She came over to Europe
Egon:
She's an American girl?
Essex: American girl. She came to Austria. We were both st
Austria with the counterintelligence...
So I don't want too
with him.
If ... if ...
[tape ends]
Essex, tape 2:
Essex:
... discharged a few months later, and I became a civi
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Page 10 of 11
shipped me to Braunau. They had a CIC team therein Branau, b
an interrogation camp nearby.
So all of a sudden, another CI
and Karl was amongst them. He was a special agent at that ti
rank of a major already, okay? A special agent. And his nam
I said "what?" He says, "That's the way it is. My name is
you're Richard Essex.
I changed my name to Essex." Okay? W
to say? So he's another Essex. And we got all mixed up all
got the wrong calls, for this Essex, for that Essex. So, a f
later ... okay then we left ... we were friends.
Then I lost him
years, until this guy Heidemann found us again. Then I read
Wiesenthal book, okay, Right, not Revenge, in German. And I
Essex in here. Okay? Essex.
Page thirty-six.
So I read, i
that Wiesenthal, at that time, is an employee with the CIC in
that time. You know who Wiesenthal is?
Egon:
Of course.
Essex: Of course. And before he came to be anybody, he work
agents in the CIC. And he worked for one agent .... Wiesenthal
CIC unit.in Linz, Austria. And there is an agent there, a sp
the name of Essex. Okay? And, he writes here, ", .. this spec
this is, I'm translating.
"You are a very capable man, Wiese
boss, a Mr. Essex, said to his Jewish employee." The agent.
capable man.
People like you can make a big career in our co
tell you that.
Red and green lights are regulated by the tr
other things are regulated by the Jews."
Egon:
That's Essex talking, meaning Karl.
Essex: Ka
I showed him that. That that wasn't me ... cert
was an Essex at the time that he made that antisemitic remark
America. , .
Egon:
Everything but the traffic lights are regulated by the
Essex:
... that everything else is regulated by the Jews, he
book. Okay. So, no sense of talking to him. He has his son
ideas, and size him out.
Finished anyway ...
Egon: Well I guess th~ only question really, for my purposes
right, I mean he's gone, he's finished.
That document sits s
think it's a tragedy if history ... that it will not ...
Essex: But I don't think there are any other things in that
this book here ... sorry, it's in G~rman ...
Egon:
I understand that.
I'll make the notation in any case
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Page 11 of 11
Essex:
It can still be gotten, I guess, but it's in German.
in there, that I was the first one to
nd it, as I eIe Agent
the signature of Becher: Reichfuhrers most obedient Becher.
signed his mail.
_860f110.
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L.COM
bifid'
SUbj:
Date:
From:
To:
Re: Essex/Bruhn -- Another attempt -- Part IV
Sun, 18 Jun 2000 11:11:31 AM Eastern Daylight Time
EgonMayer
Cfenyvesi
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Do you think that he showed that document to his child
Yes.
And do you think that they ...
Essex: No, they couldn't care less. The son--he only has on
son, that's the major in the army, and he's a Birch ... Birch ..
Egon:
John Birch Society member.
Yeah, yeah, yeah. They're super-right, all of them.
are handymen. Couldn't care less. Nice guys, I see them. 0
handyman, he carne and fixed my something-or-other.
There's a lot of details in there. ~his is very anti-Bec
explains how many killings he personally did and whatever. S
where she got the information from.
It's a woman.
Esse~:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Maybe from his ex-wife.
His ex-wi
didn't much care
So, you got information today!
Unbelievable, thanks!
Do you have anybody who could somehow translate parts
Oh sure.
Yeah?
Egon:
I'll get a hold of it. Not a problem. Look, in a uni
just want to take down the t
le of your book.
Essex:
You know ...
My gift to you.
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Egon:
Essex:
Page 2 of3
Oh thank you very much!
That's wonderful.
Thank you
The book is someday going to be ...
Egon:
I will look
r it in English when it comes out.
in English. This is on the inside.
I
Wl
Essex: That's okay. You know, my father was a doctor of law
the youngest doctors of law at that time ever in Germany. He
law with twenty-one. He was very young and he was a genius t
At that time you could pass schools, you know, jump classes.
you can do that today.
Egon:
Yes, tests.
If you take tests.
Essex: So I still have his doctor's here.
He was twent one
he became a doctor and w~ote.a thesis, and my grandfather on
was a wealthy silver merchant, and he delivered to the Kaiser
that time wore helmets with silver on it, and the of cers in
Prussian army wore silver-plated uniforms, and my grandfather
the Kaiser. And when my father was twenty-one, the Kaiser wa
but as a kid he played with the Kaiser's son.
So my father w
grandfather was very proud when my father, at so young, made
Today it's dif
nt. We didn't have that many students at t
had the book nicely bound, I have it here. And at that time
all libraries, big libraries allover the world. That was pa
Egon:
Sure.
When you publish a book it gets sent to the maj
Essex: So in 1941, when we were in New York, and we both wer
twelve or fourteen dollars a week washing dishes, I met my fa
downtown. We met, not my mother, he came from Yonkers, and w
much money and we sat on the steps of the public library in N
Egon:
And his book was inside?
Essex: And my father said let's go and have water inside. T
ice water. We didn't have the money for ... five cents, I didn
spend.
So we sat in the library for a while.
He said, "you
I got to take a look if my book is in the library, because th
Public Library has almost every book in the world." So he di
didn't have the book there but you could be these ...
Egon:
Essex:
Card catalogue.
Cards, and they had Eichlbaum, General der Infantry-
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Page 3 of3
Infantry, vorwarts, wir nehmen England!-~~et's go and take En
"Eichlbaum, Doctor Jurakurt ... " They had the card in there.
Egon:
Wow!
Essex:
So he said "here I am, I can't even af
have my book in the library!"
Egon:
Oh my God!
rd a Coca Col
What a story.
Essex: Those are refugee stories.
But now you see I'm livin
well.
I'm grateful to this country, they were good to me.
I
for America, but they also did their share for me.
I'm not a
I'm doing pretty good.
I have a nice wife, and grandchildren
okay. But I'm one of the last cookies alive who can tell sto
was. When I'm gone, and my generation is gone, and that's go
another ten years ...
_S70f110.
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Page 1 of3
L.COM
AOLMaHSM
Subj:
Date:
From:
To:
Re: Essex/Bruhn -- Another attempt -- Part IV
Sun, 18 Jun 2000 11: 11: 31 AM Eastern Daylight Time
EgonMayer
Cfenyvesi
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Do you think that he showed that document to his child
Yes.
And do you think that they ...
Essex: No, they couldn't care less. The sononly has on
son, that's the major in the army, and he's a Birch ... Birch ..
Egon:
John Birch Society member.
Essex: Yeah-, yeah, yeah. They're super-right, all of them.
are handymen. Couldn't care less. Nice guys, I see them. a
handyman, he came and fixed my something-or-other.
There's a lot of details in there. This is very anti-Bee
explains how many killings he personally did and whatever. S
where she got the information from.
It's a woman.
Egon:
Essex:
Egon:
Essex:
Maybe from his ex-wi
His eX-Wl
didn't much care
So, you got information today!
Unbelievable, thanks!
Do you have anybody who could somehow transl
Egon:
ah sure.
Essex:
e parts
Yeah?
Egon:
I'll get a hold of it. Not a problem. Look, in a unl
just warit to take down the title of your book.
Essex:
You know...
My gi
to you.
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Egon:
Essex:
Page 2 of3
Oh thank you very much!
That's wonderful.
Thank you
The book is someday going to be ...
Egon:
I will look for it in English when it .comes out.
in English. This is on the inside.
I wi
Essex:
tis okay. You know, my father was a doctor of law
the youngest doctors of law at that time ever in Germany. He
law with twenty-one.
He was very young and he was a genius t
At that time you could pass schools, you know, jump classes.
you can do that today.
Egon:
Yes, tests.
If you take tests.
\
Essex:
So I still have his doctor's here.
He was twenty-one
he became a doctor and wrote a thesis, and my grandfather on
was a wealthy silver merchant, and he delivered to the Kaiser
that time wore helmets with silver on it, and the officers in
Prussian army wore silver-plated uniforms, and my grandfather
the Kaiser. And when my father was twenty-one, the Kaiser wa
but as
kid, he played with the Kaiser's son.
So my father w
grandfather was very proud when my father, at so young, made
Today it's different. We didn't have that many students at t
had the book nicely bound, I have it here. And at that time
all libraries, big libraries allover the world. That was pa
a
Egon:
Sure.
When you publish a book it gets sent to the maj
Essex:
So in 1941, when we were in New York, and we both wer
twelve or fourteen dollars a week washing dishes, I met my fa
downtown. We met, not my mother, he carne from Yonkers, and w
much money and we sat on the steps of the public library in N
Egon:
And his book was inside?
Essex; And my father ~aid let's go and have water inside. T
ice water. We didn't have the money for ... five cents, I didn
spend. So we sat in the library for a while.
He said, "you
I got to take a look if my book is in the library, because th ~
Public Library has almost every book in the world." So he di
didn't have the book there but you could be these ...
Egon:
Essex:
Card catalogue.·
Cards, and they had Eichlbaum, General der Infantry-
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Page 3 of3
Infantry, vorwarts, wir nehmen England!--let's go and take En
"Eichlbaum, Doctor Jurakurt ... " They had the card in there.
Egon:
Wow!
Essex: So he said "here I am, I can't even afford a Coca Col
have my book in the library!"
Egon:
Oh my God!
What a story.
Essex: Those are refugee stories. But now you see I'm livin
well.
I'm grateful to this country, they were good to me.
I
I'm not a
r America, but they also did their share for me.
I'm doing pretty good.
I have a nice wife, and grandchildren
okay. But I'm one of the last cookies alive who can tell sto
was. When I'm gone, and my generation is gone, and that's go
another ten years ...
_870f110-'
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�Charles Fenyvesi: Notes on an interview with sisters Maria de KORNFELD (MK) and
Hanna SZEGEDY-MASZAK (HSM), granddaughters of Manfred Weiss. June 24, 2000
MK called Kurt Becher "a thiefwit:h taste and good manners ... He cleaned out
the house of my uncle, Ferenc Chorin, on 116 Andrassy ut. He took not only the
paintings and the furnishings but Uncle Feri's silver.toiletries." She thought that Becher
probably shipped the items to Switzerland. She said Chorin's daughter, Daisy von '
Strasser who now lives in Austria, went to see Becher in Bremen in the 1960s or 70s.
Becher was "very cold and distant and would not answer her questions."
. According to Chorin, as quoted in his daughter Daisy de Strasser's book "Chorin
Ferenc Emlekkonyv" (A Book in Ferenc Chorin's Memory), Becher demanded not only
the Manfred Weiss Concern but also the entire· personal wealth of the extended Weiss
family. Becher wanted the trusteeship to last 33 years and one fifth of the family (and the·
leading personalities) as hostages staying behind in Germany as "guests of the Reich."
Both sisters thought Becher was "very handsome, tall and with good manners."
They called Vilmos Billitz "a proud Jew, a real Jew," "trusted by everyone in the
family,"and "a wonderful person who was probably killed by his SS guards in Vienna,
possibly on orders from Becher." They said their uncles believed that but did not have
ptoof.
Chorin was probably the only family member present at the April 4 negotiation
session with Becher. Chorin, then recovering from a serious illness and brought home
from the Oberlanzendorf internment camp near Vienna only to be placed in house arrest,
named Billitz as the family negotiator. .
The May 17 signing of the contract was in the country house owned by the
Mauthner branch of the family, just outside Budapest, on Budakeszi ut. Family members,
some of who had been hiding, were collected by other family members in cars. The
message from Becher was that if only one family member was missing, the deal is off.
All family members were present, plus the families of Billitz and another lawyer, Gyorgy
Hoff, a total of 41 people. For the first time since the March 19 invasion, the family saw
Chorin, "very thin and very much older," (MK) as he was held in house arrest in his own
house. Chorin asked everyone to· sign the document, as he agreed to the terms and
because the transaction will allow the family to leave for Portugal or Switzerland.
All 41, including small children and two pregnant mothers, were packed into SS
cars that could hold only 4 people. The caravan, protected by machinegun-toting SS in
armored cats in the front and the back, arrived in Vienna early in the morning of May 18.
The commanding officer told the family that in case the Hungarian border guards created
any problems (the Weiss had no permission to leave the country), the.SS would have to
shoot them.·On the German side, they were told by SS headquarters to let the convoy
through. There was no problem.
The next two and a half weeks »,ere spent in a train con'sisting of three wagons
and equipped with a kitchen and bathrooms, parked in Purkersdorf, just outside Vienna.
SS personnel guarded the train around the clock and no one was allowed to leave the
train.. On one.occasion Becher visited the family. But in a few days the prisoners were
allowed to take walks in the nearby Vienna woods. Once a week they were taken to a
public bath in Vienna, Bad Diana, as the SS were very worried that family members
might develop infectious diseases. Then a day or two after the landing in Normandy on
�June 6, they were taken by train to Stuttgart, Germany, then by one plane to ~witzerland,
and two planes to PortugaL 32 people went to Portugal, 9 to Switzerland. The Portuguese,
police arrested the male family members as all the visas were forged, presumably by the
SS. It took the intervention of British Ambassador O'Malley (previously stationed in
Budapest and the former Hungarian ambassador Andor Wodianer to arrange their release .
. f
�.
.
i'W. ARCHIVES.
REPRODUCED AT 1rIE NATIO
,.,
'.
f
. .•
.,.
DECLASSIFIED
klthority UNO 7~G"D:tg
RG -"J...I~aIS""lO--
RG· "'-/00
Entry PIN II1J ce
/File ·FEb
By M/12l!!.. HAM Dc!e
'-----_.- ~9"'~
.. ,._----
Box 1/(p:--:'~-~
OFFICE OF MII.ITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY. (U, 5,)
Ollice of the. Finance Adviser
Berlin: Germany .
APO 742 .
19 March 1948
MEIvIOIUtND UJlil
".
SLTBJ·0:Cl': Gold a.nd Silveri'de:livered pursuant to Military
Government Law No. 53
TO:
Mr. Theodore H. Ball
1. The gold, other than gold coins, delivered pur
suant to Military Government Law No. 53 ha.s been broken
down as follows:
a.. gold bars
b. pieces of gold
.
~
~"
"
.
- c .. '.,leaf gold '.
. ; ..
'~
"
241.949 kg
shapes 73.338 kg
'.
.,:
""d'•. ': denta.l gold'
e. "strip gold
f. wire gold'
g. commercia.l gold
h. miscellaneous gold
total:
~·.?9l':kg,·.
"'2~430
kg:
2.899 kg
.Q05kg
280.821 kg
1.901 kg
603,.734'~S
2. The silver deposited pursuant to Military Gove.rn
ment La.w No. 53 has not been broken down. An examinai:;ion
of the records show.(that the silver delivered fa.llsinto
the following main cla.ssifications: bar silver, lea.f
silver, dental silver,strip Silver, and silver pla.tes.
3. The tota.l amount of silver now held under Law
No. 53, except for silver coins is 6245 kg. A break
down into the above cla.ssification, !f required, could
be a.ccomplished in approximately two ~a.ys •
-
•
iii
. -..
- ..
•
-----,--~.----.----
....----.....-.--.
t,
';._ .....
-.
""~_""""""
__
~,,,,,.,.,,,~
_____
~,,,,.,,,
__ •__
~~~_._._~~.
?
_ _ _ 'l'
.:,1
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"
NAI.. ARCHIVES
REPRODUCED ATTHE NATIO
,
,,;
BRrrISH EMBASSY,
j
I
WASHINGTON 8, D. C.
Ref:: 4118/167/47
July 30th, 1947
Dear Dr.Fletcher,
You asked me some time ago how much
gold had been recovered in the british Zone
of Occupation in Germany.
There were no German bank gold
reserves found at the time of occupation, as
the Reichsbank holdings were deposited in
Frankfurt.
'~,.
~on~.igry"CJ9+c1 held by t~e Reichsbank
under Law NO.53.
(a) Bars •••••• fine weight ••••• kllos 422,769
(b) Coins •••••fine weight ••••• kilos 8§:1,176
Informat ion, re garding the total "~o!lume of
monetary gold held in the British Zone is obtained
from declarations and deposits under Military
Government Law 53 and a proportion may well be
returnable to legitimate foreign owners in due course.
The above figures do not include certain
gold bars.arid'coins of unlmown standards, of which
the amount is comparatively small.
/
Dr.Otto Fletcher,
~/
Divi s ion of Economic 3ecu....-+-l~---·-:[r,,~·,,~~,,~1A(.;f
Controls,
-"
209 Premier Bldg.,
R[V!E'NED GY ___._~£-z.=-" Df\TEY' ~u is.
718 18th St.N.W.,
Washington,D.C.
�/.
.'
I
I
I
I
I
i
p:
TRIALS
·/JtiJllC,
OF
I
!
I
I
I
I
,
WAR CRIMINALS
j1tr!P? ;
BEFORE THE
NUERNBERG MILITARY TRIBUNALS
MOltf!-'
UNDER
I
i
I
"
CONTROL COUNCIL LAW No. 10
~ ftt/~(j ~&I/
l ,_,,,,.. ....
NUERNBERG
~.".~-~" -.-".~.~'"-~-~- ....
i
:
OCTOBER 1946-APRIL 1949
i
i
I
I
~
.
I
!
0)--.;"
III
~
~
~
o
VOLUME V
~
~
'<
i
0
W
D;ITED STATES
GO\F.R.\;:\IENT PRI:"TING OFI'ICE
0:
WA5HINGTO:" : 1950
For sal" by the Suporinten<icll! of Documents. U. S. Oo~ernmcnt Printing Office
Washington 2:,. n. C . • Price $-1.75 (Buckram)
f
�Subject: Loan to the Economic Enterprises of the Schutzstaffel
[SS]
With the permission ot SS Gruppenfuehrer Frank the following
loans, as per 31 May 1943, will be repayed:
German Equipment Works .............. RM 1,500,000.00
German Food .......................... RM 300,000.00
Freudenthal Beverages ................. RM 936,777.19
German Experimental Institute .......... RM 3,590,415.73
Allach ................................ RM 504,086.62
RlI'I 6,831,279.54
You are requested to undertake yourself the calculation of in
terest for the months of April and May, with the enterprises
concerned. The refunded sum is to be used for the repayment of
the Red Cross loan, according to the instructions of Gruppen
fuehrer Frank.
Heil Hitler!
German Economic Enterprises Limited
[Signed] DR. WENNER
[Hand\vritten] To be filed under Secret Documents
Copy for file D 4 B
:[Stamp] Confidential!
. To S8 Gruppenfuehr~r Frank
Please forward to
SS Hauptsturmfuehrer Melmer
in the building
[Initialed] PolS
-WL/Kue.7 June 1943
Subject: Loan from the Reinhardt Fund.
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With reference to the various verbal discussions it is requested
that RM 8,000,000 may be transferred as a first installment of
the planned Reich credit. The sum is to be used as follows:
1. Repayment 0/ the loans of the SS Savings Bank Association
a. German Equipment plants ..... RM 1,500,000.00
b. German Food ............... RM· 300,000.00
c. Freudenthal Beverages ....... RM 936,777.19
d. German Experimental Institute RM 3,590,415.73
e. Allach ...................... RM 504,086.62
~
RM 6,831,279.54
~
724
2. Direct loans 0/ the Red C?'oss
Office W IV of the Economic and Administra
tive Main Office...................... RM 1,000,000.00
RM 7,831,279.5'1
3. In order to make a round sum, as loan to the
DWB .................................. RM 168,720.'16
Total
RM 8,000,000.00
Permission is requested for the following transfers:
RM 6,831,279.54 to the SS Savings Bank Association (e. V.)
Bank of German Labor AG, Berlin
account 68 556.
RM 1,000,000
to the Red Cross
post office account 13 013, Berlin.
Rl:,'f 168,720.46 to the German Economic Enterprises,
Dresdner Bank, branch bank 12
Steglitz, account 2300 Z.V.
Heil Hitler!
German Economic Enterprises Limited
[Signed] Dr. Wenner
[signature illegible)
TRANSLATiON OF DOCUMENT NO-059
PROSECUTION EXHIBiT 488
REPORT BY GLOBOCNiK, UNDATED, ON ADMINiSTRATIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF "ACTION REINHARDT"
RepoTt on the Administrative Development of the Operation
Reinhardt
I
AU valuables accrued from this action were seized centrally
by the administration created by me, accordingly classified and
entered. The seizure extended to the entire Government General.
The officials came from the SS Economic and Administration Main
Office.
The use and materialization of the valuables were carried out
according to the directives of Reich Leader SS, summarized dur
ing the course of the action in directives of 26 September 1942
and 9 December 1943, and the Economic and Administration
Main Office was entrusted with the settlement as over against
the Reich offices.
The valuables collected by me were continually handed over
on receipt to the SS Economic and Admlnistrative Main Office
725
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the latter forwarded the stocks to the Reich Bank, Reich
Ministry for Finance, and Textile Works, etc.
On order of the Reich Leader SS, essentials were permitted to
be dra,V11 for Racial Germans for their supply, for the purpose
of the SS itself, the SS Reich Leader forbade any use.
The remarkable thing of the account is that the collection of
the revenue was not absolutely binding as the collection of the
stocks was only carried out on order, and only the decency,
purity, and also the supervision of the SS men employed in this
operation could guarantee an absolute delivery.
However, what had been seized and collected then and tal<en
by the department Reinhardt, has been accounted fO,r and de
livered with the greatest expediency and without defrauding.
A preliminary examination prior to 1 April 1943 by SS Ober
sturmbannfuehrer Vogt of the SS Economic and Administrative
Main Office has already taken place and proved to be in correct
order. For the rest, the preliminary examination has still to
be carried out.
On the basis of an agreement with the Reich Finance Ministry
preliminary examination is final and, without the Reich
Accounting-Court, the vouchers and documents will be destroyed
in accordance with secrecy regulations.
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The valuables accounted for are
1. Reichsmarks and Zlotys-amounts. This revenue covered
the total expenditures, transport costs, duties, etc., which arose
from this operation. The by far greater part was placed at the
disposal of the SS economist ill the Government General and the
amountscl'edited in Reichsmarks to the operation Reinhardt in
clearing by the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office and
handed over to the Reich Bank.
For "reasons of foreign exchange, a small part was used as
credit for various economics offices and then also credited by the
SS Economic and Administrative l\Iain Office in clearing.
Moreover, the urgent provision of material was covered by price
differentials. All these transactions were carried out with the ap
proval of the SS Economk and Administrative Main Office. A
further amount was currently placed at the disposal of the con
centration camp in order to carry out constructions, to build up
the administration, and to provide the necessary agricultural
machines. Accurate bookkeeping kept on these matters, the pur
chases wel;e constantly confirmed by me and all documents added
to the final balance.
The bool{s were kept by the chief administrator of the con
centration camp, more precisely separate from my administration,
726
as the administration of the concentration camp was, by order
of SS Economic and Administrative Main Office, independent of
the SS Garrison Administration Lublin. Compensation to Rein
hardt for these expenditures had still to be made by the office
which \vill finally take over the enterprise.
2. Currency in notes or gold mint were collected, sorted, and
handed over to the Reich Bank also" via the SS Economic and Ad
ministrative Main Office.
"
3. Jewels, trinkets, watches, and the like were assorted accord
ing to their value and were delivered to the Economic and Ad
ministrative Main Office. On the latter's directive, watches made
of non-rare metal were delivered to the armed forces; glasses
were put at the disposal of disabled soldiers after adjustment,
and other worthless items were mainly delivered to the army
offices to covel' urgent needs. The corresponding vouchers are
available.
4. Textiles, clothing, linen, bed feathers, and rags were collected
and assorted as to their quality. The assorted items had to be
searched for hidden values and finally had to be disinfected. More
than 1,900 wagons had been put 2.t the disposal of the agencies
designated by the Reich Ministry of Economics 011 order of the
Economics ancI Administrative Main Office. These items were not
only used to provide clothes for workers of foreign extraction,
but a considerable part of them was used for respinning. No
case of sickness became known though the clothing was mostly
taken from spotted fever patients, which proves that the disin
fection was adequate. The most valuable clothing was put aside
and was used for the supply of raci"::>J Germans [Volksdeutsche]
on order of the Reich Leader. Shoes were also assorted as to their
and were then delivered either to racial Germans and
to the concentration camps for supply of the inmates, or they were
made over and were utilized for wooden shoes for prisoners.
5. Valuable items of different types such as stamps, coins, and
the like were assorted and were delivered to the SS Economic and
Administrative Main Office, woi'thless items were destroyed.
6. Other items such as soap, lotions, plates, and the like were
used in the Jewish camps; glass, old iron items, etc., were deliv~red to the utilization places, to
remanufactured.
7. The food kept during the transportation was used for the
supply of Jewish camps.
8. Valuable furniture and household items were reconditioned
and mostly given to racial German settlers for llse. But German
agencies and army agencies got also such furniture as a loan
against issuance of a bill. Items of minor value were either de~
~troyed or given to the population as premiums for good har
727
�vests, etc. Efforts were made to dismantle parts such as locks,
hinges, and the like from items which could not be used, and to
use them again.
The vouchers for the items delivered as a loan were turned' in
to the Higher SS and Police Leader East on a monthly basis.
According to an order of the Reich Leader SS .dated 22 Sep
tember, the whole supply was finished, utilized and delivered, so
that hardly a great quantity will still be available.
Available is furniture which was necessary for the carrying
out of the operation such as premanufactured buildings, frames,
vehicles, etc., which had been purchased with the available means.
These means have been received; however, a decision has still to
be passed on their utilization.
The total value of these items amounts to approximately 180,
000,000 RM according to the attached list.* The lowest value was
taken as a basis so that the total amount is probably twice as high,
apart from the value of the received items which are short, such
as textiles of which more than 1,900 wagons had been delivered
to German industry.
[Signed] GLOBOCNm:
SS Gruppenfuehrer and Major General of the Police
TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NO-062
PROSECUTION EXHIBIT 489
DETAILED LIST OF MONEY, PRECIOUS METALS, JEWELS, OTHER
VALUABLES, AND TEXTILES, SIGNED BY GLOBOCNIK AND WIP·
PERN lUNDATED)
P'reciol(s metals
236 gold ingots ...... 2,909.68 kg at TIM 2,800.00 RM
40.00 RM
2,143 silver ingots ..... 18,733.69 kg nt RM
platinum .. . . . .
15.44 kg at RM 5,000.00 RM
8,147,101.00
740,317.60
77,200.00
RM
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at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
E.t
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
EM
RM
RBI
RM
R~I
RM
RM
RM
TIM
RM
I:U
RM
RM
RM
Rl\I
TIiIi
RM
RM
RM
TIM
TIM
RM
TIM
RM
1.90
0.40
0.02
4.40
1.33
0.01
2.50
0.05
0.10
0.60
0.10
0.02
0.60
0.60
1.00
2.40
0.05
0.52
0.09
4.40
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.10
4.00
4.00
0.10
0.50
1.30
1.00
0.60
0.60
0.50
1.50
RM
RM
RM
RM
Rill
RM
RM
TIM
TIi'II
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
TIM
RM
HM
RM
TIM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
TIM
RM
TIM
RM
RM
RM
EM
RM
TIM
nM
RM
75.05
4,979.70
1,119.51
525.80
178,202.64
59,954.21
137.50
21,782.05
16,416.90
17,035.50
10,353.84
97,508.29
2,626.20
465.00
977.55
3,530.40
57.00
660.40
5.67
88.00
17.50
2.00
2.00
.7.20
28.20
0.60
2.70
1.50
19.54
32.00
2.00
3.00
20.00
13.00
1,038.00
0.60
0.60
7.50
1.50
8,073,65t60
RM
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Turkish Pounds ............
39.50
Belga ., . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,449.25
Lei ..........•......••..•.. 55,975.5<1
South African Pounds.......
110.50
Dutch Guilders .•........•.. 133,986.95
Leva .....•..•............•. 5,995,421.00
Australian Pounds ..•...•..
55.00
Dinars ., •...•.. ,. . . . . . . .. .. 435,641.00
Karbowanets •........•..... 164,169.00
Pengoe .•....... . . . . • . . . . . . 28,392.50
Slovak Kronen .......•.•••. 103,538.35
Drachmas ................. .4,875,419.70
Swedish Kronen .••..•.•..•.
4,377.00
Norwegian Kronen..........
775.00
Argentine Pesos •.. ;........
977.55
Pesetas ......••...•.•••••..
1,471.00
Finnish Marks •.....•....••
1,140.00
Danish Kronen ...........••
1,270.00
Brasil Milreis ..............
63.00
Egyptian Pounds .....•.....
20.00
Litas ......................
175.00
Yen (Jap.) ................
4.00
Lats •.••....... , . • . . • • • • . . .
20.00
Paraguayan Pesos ..........
12.00
Cuban Pesos ...............
57.00
Uruguay Pesos ....•.•..••..
1.00
Bolivian Pesos .............
4.50
Mexican Pesos .....•.......
3.00
Albanian Frs. ............•.
195.44
Rhodesia Pounds •....•.....
8.00
New Zealand Pounds........
.50
Algerian Frs. ..............
30.00
Lux. Frs. •.................
40.00
Java Guilders ............•.
10.00
Danz. Guilders •............
1,038.00
Columbian Pesos .•........ . 1 . 0 0
Mozambique Esc. ...........
1.00
Manchukuo Cent ............
15.00
Chinese Dollars ............
1.00
4,521,224.13
iY.:inted gold C!wrency
Fc·reign Cm'rency, notes
USA Dollars ............... 1,081,521.40
Eng1i:;h Pounds ............ 15,646.11
P:llcstinian Pounds ........
4,922.50
Can:ldian Dollars ...........
8,966.25
Rubles ...........•........ 2,454,278.35
French Frs................. 1,468,486.35
Swiss Frs...... , . . . . . . . . . . .. 119,302.33
Lire ....•..........•.......
6,465.08
Pret. Kr. . ................. 1,745,601.50
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
RM
TIM
RM
RM
RM
RM
TIM
RM
RM
2.50
9.30
9.30
2.50
0.10
0.05
5.80
0.10
0.10
RM
RM
RM
RM
TIM
RM
RM
RM
TIM
2,703,803.50
145,512.80
45,770.25 .
22,415.62
245,127.84
73,421.31
601,953.51
646.50
174,560.15
at
USA Dollars ....... 249,771.50
at
English Pounds.....
610.00
at
Rubles ............ 198,053.00
at
Austrian Kronen.... 73,230.00
at
French Frs..... . . .. 38,870.00
at
Reichsrnal'ks ....... 23,485.00
Portuguese Reis .... 20,000.00 200 Esc. at
at
Swiss Frs........... 6,070.00
Ducats ...... , ... ,.
Lire ............. .
6,614.00
3,740.00
RM 4.20
TIM 20.40
RM 2.15
Rl\! 0.85
TIM 1.62
TIM 1.00
n;\I 1.00
Ri\1 16.50
at Rl\l 10.00
at RIll 0.50
1,049,040.30
12,444.00
425,813.95
62,245.00
RIl'l
62,D69.40
RM
23,485.00 .
m'l
200.00
TIM
(fol' 20
Frs) 23,001.00
66,140.00
RM
1,870.00
RM
RIll
RM
RM
• Document NO-G62, Prosecution Exhibit 4SV.
729
728
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Austr. Shillings ..... 2,925.00
Turkish Pounds .....
417.75
Belga ......... -: .. ~
1,740.00
30.00
Leva ................
Lei ........ '. ................ 1,177.50
4.00
South African Pounds
Dutch Guilders ....•.
905.00
.....
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at
at
at
at
at
at
RM 2.3
RM 3.50
RM 0.50
RM 0.50
RM 0.50
RM 20.40
RM 17.00
Australian Pounds ..
Dinars ..............
Swedish Kronen ....
7.00
41.00
30.00
at RM 20.40
at RM 0.50
at RM 11.20
Norwegian Kronen ..
55.00
at RM 11.20
Pesetas ..............
Finnish Marks ......
Zlotys .............
Danish Kronen ... ','
50.00
80.00
2,060.00
360.00
at
at
at
at
RM 1.50
RM 1.00
RM 0.50
RM 11.20
17.00
2.00
10.00
111.50
20.00
1.00
180.00
1.00
1;00
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
RM 10.00
RM ' 0.50
RM 4.20
RM 4.20
RM 0.50
RM 5.00
RM 1.62
RM 1.00
RM 4.20
Czech Ducats .......
Yen
Cuban Pesos .....• , .
Mexican Pesos ......
Albanian Frs.......
Yugoslavia Ducats ..
Tunesian Frs.......
Peru Libras .......
Chile Dollars .......
•• e
•••
•
..........
RM
1,950.00
1,462.12
RM
RM
870.00
RM
15.00
588.75
RM
81.60
RM
(for 10 guilders)
1,538.50
142.80
RM
RM
20.50
(for 10
33.60
Kr.)
(for 10
61.60
Kr.)
RM
75.00
RM
80.00
RM
1,030.00
(for 10
Kr.)
403.20
170.00
RM
RM
1.00
42.00
RM
RM
468.00
10.00
RM
RM
5.00
RM
291.60
RM
1.00
4.20
RM
RM
1,736,554.12
Jewels and other valuables
Average RM
15,883
9,019
3,681
353
1,716
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pairs
2,407
pieces
130
2,511.37
13,458.62
291
660
458
273
pieces
carats
carats
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
349
362
pieces
pieces
27
pieces
730
gold rings with brill. and diam. 1,500.00
gold ladies' wrist watches..... 250.00
gold gentlemen's pocket watches 500.00
bracelets with brill. and diam. 3,500.00
earrings, gold with brill. and
diam. •.•................... 250.00
brooches, gold with brill. arid
diam. •...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,000.00
separate large single brilliants 1,000.00
brilliants .................•.. 100.00
single diamonds ............ ,..
50.00
pins with brilliimts ... ,." .. ,. 100.00
gold gentlemen's wrist watches 100.00
ladies' lapel watches, with brill. 500.00
ladies' platinum watches with
brill. . .......... , . . . ... . . .. 1,200.00
ladies' gold lapel watches...... 250.00
,ladies' gold watches with brill.
and diam................... 600.00
bracelets with brill. and diam.. . 250.00
Average RM
40
18
114.20
63
pieces
pieces
kilos
pieces
4
5
pieces
pieces
4
8
4
18
5
1
60,125
7.80
3
103,614
29,391
350
800
3,240
1,315
1,500
230
6,943
2,343
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
piece
pieces
kilos
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
pieces
627
41
230
pieces
pieces
pieces
RM
gold brooches................. 350.00
14,000.00
cuff links with brilL and diam.. 150.00
2,700.00
pearls ..................... ,.
6,000,000.00
diamond-studded platinum
watch cases ... , ............ 1,000.00
63,000.00
ladies' platinum watches. ... .. . 300.00
1,200.00
gentlemen's pocket watches with
brill. .............. ,. . . . . . . 600.00
3,000.00
necklaces with brill. and diam. 1,500.00
6,000.00
ladies' gold ring watches ..... . 150.00
1,200.00
ladies' lapel watches with pearls 200.00
800.00
gold fountain pens ......•.....
20.00
360.00
gold automatic pencils ....... .
15.00
75.00
cigarette case ........... . 400.00
400.00
watches of all 'kinds ......... .
10.00
611,250.00
corals ...................... .
600.00
50.00
gold compacts................
150.00
watches to be repaired........
2.00
207,228.00
spectacles ...................
3.00
88,173.00
razors .......................
2.00
700.00
1.00
pocket knives.................
800.00
purses .......................
1.50
4,860.00
2.50
pocketbooks .. .. . . . .. .... . .. ..
3,287.50
scissors .............. . . . . . . .
0.50
750.00
flashlights ...................
0.50
115.00
alarm clocks, to be repaired....
1.00
6,943.00
alarm clocks in working condi
4.00
tion .......................
9,372.00
sun glasses............. .. . . . .
0.50
313.50
silver cigarette cases..........
15.00
615.00
3.00
clinical thermometers.........
690.00
RM
23,824,500.00
2,254,750.00
1,840,500.00
1,232,000.00
RM 43,662,450.00
Textiles
1,901 boxcars with clothes, linen, feathers for bedding
and rags; average value ..................... TIM 26,000,000.00
stocks, average value ......................... RM 20,000,000.00
429,000.00
4,994,000.00
130,000.00
251,137.00
672,931,00
251,137.00
66,000.00
,,-229,000,00
327,600.00
87,250.00
217,200.00
6,750.00
RM
Summary
Delivered money, Zloty and Rl'If notes .............. , .. RM
Precious metals ..................................... RM
Foreign currency, in notes ........................... RM
Foreign currency, in minted gold ..................... RM
Jewels and other valuables ............................ RM
Textiles ............................................. RM
[Signed] RZEPA
SS Oberscharfuehl'er and Ca::hier
46,000,000.00
73,852,080.74
8,973,651.60
4,521,224.13
1,736,554.12
43,662,450.00
46,000,000.00
Rl'vI 178,745,960.59
[Signed] WIPPERN
SS Sturmbannfuehrer and
Administrative Director
GLOBOCNIK
731
�TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT POHL 8
POHL DEFENSE EXHIBIT 7
EXTRACTS FROM GOERING'S DECREE, 12 JUNE 1940, CONCERNING
MAIN TRUSTEE OFFICE EAST AND ADMINISTRATION OF POLISH
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROPERTY
Ministerial Bulletin of the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the
Interior
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Published by the Reich Ministry of the Interior
Number 27
Berlin, 3 July 1940
5th (101st) year of issue
Page 1254
'
Main Trustee Office East. Decree issued by the Chairman of the
Council of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich and Commis
sioner for the Four Year Plan, of 12 June 1940-V P 7713/1.
The activation of the administration for the Incorporated
Eastern Territories has been carried out. The legislation required
thereto has, on the whole, been passed. In consequence to the
changes occasioned thereby, I decree;
Article 1: Main Trustee Office East
(1) The Main Trustee Office East is an agency of the Com
missioner for the Four Year Plan, which carries out his tasks
within the frame of competency imposed on it by myself.
(2) Its authority will be regulated by the following provisions:
Article ,2; Tasks
The Main Trustee Office East has the following tasks:
a. The administration of, the property of the former Polish
State, according to the decree of 15 January 1940 (Reich Law
Gazette I, page 174), and of other public and publicly owned
properties * '" *.
b. (1) Seizure and administration of properties of members
of the former Polish State.
(2) The Main Trustee Office East may make final transfers
property according to directives issued by myself.
(3) It remains up to future regulations in which manner and
degree compensation is to be granted for property losses.
*
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*
Article 3: Confiscation, and Administration by
Commissioners
(1) Within the sphere of its tasks, the Main Trustee Office
East alone has the right to order confiscation of property, anel to
appoint and recall commissioners of administration.
*
-..
*
'"
'"
'"6: Sphere of authority to transact business '"
Article
The Incorporated Eastern Territories are the sphere of
all
thority to transact business by the Main Trustee Offi~e East.
The competency of the Reich Commissioner for the Strengthen_
ing of Germanism with regard to agricultural property (inclusive
'of secondary agricultural industries) remains untouched.
",',
Article 7: Official Aid
(1) All Reich district and municipal authorities, as ;well as
their subordinate agencies, must furnish official 'aid to the Main
Trustee Office East and its o r g a n s . '
(2) According to an agreement made with the Reich Leader
SS and Chief of the German Police in-'the ReiCh Ministry of the
Interior, the Polish authorities are at its disposal for the com
pulsory execution of its orders.
*
*
*
*
>I<
*
*
TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT POHL 7
POHL DEFENSE EXHIBIT ~
EXTRACTS FROM GOERING'S DECREE, 17 SEPTEMBER 1940,
CONCERNING TREATMENT OF POLISH PROPERTY
Reich Law Gazette
Part I
Published in Berlin, 28 September 19,10
No. 170
1940
Page 1270
Decree concerning the treatment of properties belonging to
Members of the former Polish State.
17 September 1940
According to the decree for the carrying out of the Four Year
Plan, of 18 October 1936 (R'eich Law Gazette I, page 887), com
bined with the decree to introduce the Four Year Plan into the
Eastern Territories, 30 October 1939 (Reich Law Gazette I,
2125), the following is herewith decreed for the area of the
greater German Reich, including the Incorporated Eastern Ter
ritories:
Article 1
(1) The-properties of the members of the former Polish State
are, within the area of the greater German Reich inclusive of the
Incorporated Eastern Territories, subject to confiscation, admin
istration by commissioners, and seizure, according to the follow
ing provisions:
*
*
>I<
*
*
'"
>I<
Article 2
(1) Confiscation must be ordered in the case of properties
owned bya. Jews,
b. Persons who fled or who are permanently absent.
.::
"
732
733
�DEPARTMENT OF .,'. STATE
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WASHIJ:IIGTON
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AIR MAIL
, .AUG~ 61946
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July.30.,~94Q
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the
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JusticeSandstrBm
that Swedish ]otent law
::·";~.!8(J.0r,. l-;,E ',r f','; D.
fJu)T1':1.er1t of a foe \t,n·.1.i~h,
is pro3rossiva. Patent application ~ay be made by either th~
:;,.:~'10!1t(')l"' (:r 1.1i3 assit;nee.
'£he Swed:~~3~,1
a'00r explairled
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icat:tons al'e,~arefLllly ,",XI1,,~.:i.nod 8.3 to :,ovel ty,
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7_fJVf3~"ltors seclt
:~·,\vt:\:~1~i.S~,!
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,:10 statBcl t>!J.t a l")atent ~::.~:ood. ~ n S'weden :i.8
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patents j_l':: .:~lNeder~ ,';;,ro 1).~,;.d0;;;::-'
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!.:.\1:H~ Swedish Necot~.a tor explair.ed
:;I/~t;i·.Jn in (;onnect:lO~:; v~ij.tI1 the d5.
it would be
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t~'~tlonR from
t8:1t..S are ;.".ow frozen t~\~:jer Swed.:i.sh
fre.~: z e" (~~.-::J:::-; t ] ~D; ~.. i. C e r:G 13 S \:.71',~'.':'; r
th i
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Datf~~:t~.:
~ecessary
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he stated.
~-'".lJjt.i~ce
tj'::tndf'.t:r.8"!'n
{)o:1."r:ted \YiJ.t t~;:H1.t at Hrl f~~lrl:ter s
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Th~ Chief'lJnit~d'Stat!'lS:Negotiat:br,;~,'att(9rjifl~1p€t
certain' initial<l:nqu1ries'ansviered:lri. the~~ved.~l3h v:i.ei'~ pr~;3ented,
sugges.ted tha t the uHililate dispo's1tionqf German' pa.t~rits1n
Sweden be DOS tponed·until·. after the pa. tent:: conferences'. ;between
the IARA countf.ies:pllii.nned forJuty~' The:.~A1He3, wouid.~Hke to
leave open the patent:.!portion'of·ahy agreem~ht tobe§sigi;r~d.
following these negotiations with· Ii. viewtO:'lnvitingSy,eden
to consider . the "proposals arrived at at the"proposed i.ARA
conference.s • . , ;
;. ;,. ; ':. '~" .. ,"':' '. ,'. . '
'::",,", ''-'',':'';,':;,:
" .. F;y' way of;'explanationMr~R1:Ibinpolrited;6ut that the
general United. state.s pol1cy:inconnectionwi th Germ9:n"patertt*
was one whiqh int~nqed :the,openi'ngof ',German.o.;heldpatehts"'t'cF'
thegeneral,publ-ic :1:n,signator.y,countries){IARAcountrl'8·s,: ~:;;
Mr • .Rubin ,s~ated.Jih~t:; the;Swisshhad.'agreed-to :'9. ':s1m:il'ar :
pr.o.po,sal. The~Brl'1lish :N.egotta. tor pointed ,·out .' that, 'the freezing
procedure attempted by Sweden,. if 'not modtffed tom~et the
Allied proposal;. :mightput·c.ertain'.personsiin a "prefe'rred .
position. He ::sta,ted.the Britis:Q. ,belief that Ge.rniari·pa:tents . 1'n
Sweden represent,,fl:l!gp.t capi ta,l'tO.a ·sur.ficieri~t "de'g"ree to
cause us concern•.
Mr •. Hub in l'!'llgS!'l09:te,Q;"that the$wed!ish Uovernment might
find considerable:rc!i.OVan,tl:age :i!;nre'ci;p:rocity:tO':bei :e:xpectedto
grow 'out of bepoming,a. ',slgna't.ory to ..an ),JiA:RA. ,patent 'agreement.
All three Allied:p,~,go:4i:a:tor;~explained: to: :JustitceSands,tr8m., .
tha tthey w;ou,J,¢iof.tip,:O.ur:se· e;x;p~c :tc~~ef,:UJ:c 'cons.:l:deI'atlon,\to,~ be.
given to e.Hher a .S~ed;i.sh ,0T~nAIUedr~queli't:t:or special: '.
consultations in· special. cases •..The:t,hr.eeAll-ied nego,t;.j!ators
also explained that it:"washighly desirable, to,inplude, a
provision rntile final draft agreement following these
negotiations •. Hr. s'.9luJ11dtsuggesteC;l. t()"J\t's:tice',Sand's!tr8m that
the lapsing ofG,erl1lan,p,~te.Ats, !lOw· fair;ty,wlde.-spre.ad,<w.ould
not injure the' Unfte:d,"', M,/;i.t.e,~. po~ itio,n" a.,~.,a.;t.l~,: a.nd:in.¢,onse-· . ,: •
quence our req,i1.esti,tlia~ ~hec Swede,S ;.c.onsiq,er.,adp,e'l'.en(}e ~o;.any
later UffiA patent de.terminations were therefor predicated on
thedeSi.reto establish uniform practices throughout the
world in thes~::~n~·.qt;p~,r;/11a~tprs.
.;
" ,·ti:
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,
..
. Gold
,'",--'.
The' Allied' View
;':c
", :
: 'J ,~,",' ,
The ITilited' Sta:tes}Jeg~dator suggested that the .. >,:)
submittal by the Swedes of a corrected copy of their records
.0f.Germangold transfers to Sweden establiShed a principle
that 'Corrections are sometimes based on later discoveries.
He explained to .. t;he.S,w;edish D,e:legat1.on that:.;,M.V~l~l1.sk\l;l.ad
requested fromP4'r:t:s·,the",de.sire;Qinf.orimati(mregard~.ng,;l:;l;s;~s '. '..
cif nwnbers onbarlil'of l,oo.ted.Eelg:(anJj;old~e.-:melted ,by".t;:Q.e .. (
Ge rmaris '.. I,!~~ F1ttRJ1l, .theri,all:udedto . . ,the '._ SW6;d:J:sh. sugges t.:i;qn;,iIl -:
a Drevio:us ..coni'erencet.hat Vfe . seekrestl tution,from,Swi·tz~.rland
of-any ,lddt:e:d;gQ,ld,IiI~:(4)Y;;?~ed,ep)~o~~.:l~ ze'I:'i!'iri~ •. ,I;J;~'~;~;~;~~~:d
>.. "
..,! .
,;, :-~,
'j
.
:;;'1
,that·
�- 3
that it was his understanding that Sweden intended to restitute
all looted gold now, or atanyprevioustime~ i~her possession.
After Justice Sandstr8m responded that the'Swedish iritention to
resti tute concerned only that' gold now in their. possess~on';'
Mr. Schmidt inquired whether they would rel':jtitute. any looted
gold now in their .possessi9n regardless ofsourc.e. ,Upon'.
receiving an affirmatt ve reply to thlssuggestion M. Valensi
explained' that it would be necessary t,o exain1ne, all Swedish
gold purchases during thew~r years'~ as' oppos'e'dto f1'xaniining
only the tran;>actions with Ge.rmany., It was suggested tl;1at " .
Sweden should 'subscribe to the theOrY that the ffrst' purqhas'er
of loot 1s liable for restitution, in order to 6L v01a: ac'lf;i:irri'
ariSing against a first ,purchaser ,a,fterloot had 'peen,',:'''';'
rest1 tutedby 'Ii second or later, purchaser, as in other business
transactions. M. Valensi pOinted out 'that the, Swi'ssGovernment
had settled on this 'first purchaser principle. In support of
the first purchaser principle Mr. Schmidt explained that law
and equity considerations ,lead to the utilization of this
particular theory as well as practical considerations.
Mr. Schmidt explained the,t in our view Swedish hands were clean
in the ~~old dealings with Germany, but that Swedens,'\lould have
examined more carefully gold purchases for loot bearing,in
rh:l,nd the old concept of caveat emptor.
'
After some discussion. of the applicable date in
accepting the United States princ
on restoration of loot
as cxpi"essecl by the declaration
January 5:. 1943
t
Axis Acts of Dispossession and the Gold Declaration
22, 1944, it was suggested that the Swedes would be
restitute in the gold listed on
1 and the gold included
tn i tams m:unbered 6, 8, 10, 7b,
7c, on page 2 of Attac:mnent
A of the Jllinutes of June 12, 1~~46 previously published.
In
this matter,
appreciation
matter which
and Holland.
response to Justice sandstr8111 1 s, statement1n
each AIHe.dN,egotiator .in turn expressed the
of .his government for, the Swedish response in this
will benefi,t ,mainly such countries as BelgiUin
It was agreed by the negotiating groups that there
would be an extensi veexchange of inform~tion and tho~qugh re
checking of all figures of gold 1;ransfers ,to establi~hthe
'
final total. The United States Negotiator suggeste¢i 1;hlil-t
December 31, 1947 mIght be a good date to set as tile. tIme limit
for exchanges of information on gold, and' to consider" a' ~ettie
ment made on information discovered up .to that time to be final
The Swedish View
Justice Sandstr8m reiterate,ci i t was the'Swe:d'1sh
intention to restitute only looted gold now in their posseSSion,
regardless of source, and that the Allies should approach the
S',"liss for any looted 'gOld. which mig:q.t be found in the lot sold
to the. Swiss by the Swedes.. He pointed out th'at Sweden had
purchased eold during the war years from Ge'rmany,Sw1'tzerlarid"
South Africa, and the Bank for International Settlements. " (
These purchases would not require any pa~ticularly greater
amount of checking than the German purchases, he stated.
The
�.,. 4
The Swedish Negotiator inquired whether gold which might
be restituted by Switzerland out of a total lot sold by
Sweden would give rise toa claim by Switzerland against Sweden.
Justice Sandstr8m accepted l'ii~. Schmidt's explanation of the
first purchaser ,theory. but with the reservation that he believed
that H, was not the simplest method. S:he Swedish Negotiator
stated that he believed Sweden had shown reasonable care in,
their gold buying. The Germans had stated that there was no
loot j,n the gold sold them; they had recel,Jed pre":'war i.ngots I,
!1Yld could go no further at the time of the purchase. 'H:e stated
that he believed, however, settlement in this matter could.be
reached without Sweden expounding her principles and agreed to
make restitution f6r any looted gold sold to S~itzerlind, '
provided the Allies would furnish Sweden with a Swiss quit
claim in the matter.
J~stlce Sandstr8m responded to the Allied expressions of
appreciation that Sweden was only doing its duty I:md affirmec;l.
the Allied agreements for exchanges of informatiqn but ,suggested
the determiriation of a final information exchange date,at a
later meetingo
"
Repatriation
The Allied View
The United States Negotiator expressed appreciation of the
activity of the Swedish Government in repatriating undesirl<,ble
Germans, and stated that the only Allied request was that the,
Swedes comp1e te the investigations in those instances yet ','
pending. He suggested that there might be other names not yet
3ubnitted to the Swedish Government as'nominees for repatriation
and wou.ld appreciate H if the Swedish Governirtent would a,llow
us to present additional names in the next month or so.
I,Ir. Rubin agreed, in response to a question from Mr. Gr8nwall,
that data would be furnished concerning the reasons undE)rJ,ying
'
any future Allied requests for repatriation.
With respect to the property of repatriates, the Allied
Negotiators requested that it be treated as the property of any
other Gerenan. in Germany. Regarding the family of a rep'atiriate.
Wilich family might remain, in Sweden, it was suggested that "
those persons could be cared for under normal peacetime procedures.
The Swedish View
The Swedish Negotiator stated that the Allies could expect
continuation of the Swedish activity in the dIrection o~ .
repatriation and could rest assured that all those persons
no.mi::1ated for repatriation, and determined to be obnoxious to
Sweden, would be repatriated.
'
Mr. Gr~n;lll:l.ll exolatned that since Sweden was a democratic
country we might naturally expect certain delays occasloned by
appeals inherent in democratic handling of even enemy probiems.
,
' .
,
\, ~
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"
;.
_•.
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--_.- "- ... _.
=
WESTERN HEMISPHERE CONTROL OVER
ENEMY PROPERTY:
A COMPARATIVE SURVEY
By
MARTIN DOMKE
Reprinted from the symposium on
"ENEMY PROPERTY"
pnng, I9, issue . of,.<C,
Published as the Winter-S·
.
45
L AW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
Duke University Law School
Durham, N. C.
-',
.i,:';;;!~:;~~~;~;;~'~"
�i
~
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~
i
WESTERN HEMISPHERE CONTROL OVER ENEMY
PROPERTY: A COMPARATIVE SURVEY
~
m
,",
11ARTIN l)O~{KE·
11easures which have been taken for the administration of alien property in war
time must be considered from the viewpoint of an economic warfare which has
wholly changed from the experience of World War 1. Economic warfare had been
waged in the Western Hemisphere by the Axis powers long before diplomatic re
lations between the American Republics and the Axis were severed. Counter
measures were enacted in most of the American Republics when it became evident
that Germany had long prepared systematically to loot the European countries which
it invaded in 1940. Germany tried to send over here foreign currency and securities
which it found hoarded in Western Europe, and to use them in the countries of the
Western Hemisphere for various purposes of espionage and fifth column activities.
It tried to do more, namely to use the assets abroad which belonged to residents of
the invaded European territories. Such assets located within the Western Hemi
sphere were not to be returned to Europe; on the contrary, they had to be used
here in order to foster' subversive activity within the various American countries
in favor of the Axis powers. At the same time other techniques of waging eco-'
nomic warfare were developed by the Axis in the Western Hemisphere. This
included the use of business firms (e.g.,!. G. Farben, Siemens & Halske, German
banks acting as Nazi party financial backers, etc.) directed to the purpose of world
domination. The effort has not ceased. Said the United States l)epartment of
State recently;l "In anticipation of impending defeat, the enemy is increasing these
activities in order to salvage his assets and to perpetuate his economic influence
abroad and his power and ability to plan future aggrandizement and world
domination."
Countermeasures had to be introduced in this Hemisphere. They are generally
known as the blocking of foreign assets
the so-called freezing regulations. Furrestrictions have been placed on the import and export of foreign currency and
securities. The blacklisting system is another means of waging economic 'warfare.
of Greifswalcl, Germany.
and
on ec(
50
exchange control, and of TRADI:-IG WITH THE
TN WORLD WAR n (New York1 1943; forthcoming
supplement as of Aprii I; 1945). Contributor of articles on internationai law in American and foreign
legal periodicals.
1 f . - - . \ II DEP'T OF STAn. BULL. 38 3.
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A
LAW AND CoNTEMPORARY 'PROBLEMS
4
Finally, administration of enemy and enemy controlled property tnrougn super
vision of management (and other intervention) and liquidation of seized assets by
different means of expropriation and nationalization are some of the legislative and
administrative measures which were enacted in the countries of the Western Hemi
sphere to counterbalance the effects of the Axis' economic warfare.
When Germany' invaded Western Europe in the spring of 1940, the onlY,coun
try of the Wes'iern Hemisphere which had already, enacted measures against this
Axis power was Canada, at war with Germany since September, 1939. The Trading
with the Enemy legislation of September
1939/ was applied to the assets belong·
ing to ~esidents in territories occupied by Germany, in ordering "the protective cus·
of property of persons residing in proscribed territory."3 The United States
reacted to the prospective use of looted assets with a measure which might not have
been foreseen by the invader: it blocked immediately, on April la, 1940: all assets
belonging to residents of the occupied countries to nullify "attempts by the Axis to
gain title to the billions of dollars in assets belonging to nationals of the countries
overrun by the Axis."" At the Havana Conferenc'e of the Americ~n Republics held
in July, 1940, it was agreed that each of the governments should take the necessary
measures to suppress activities inspired by foreign governments or by
nationals which might subvert the democratic institutions of any of the RepuDlIcs,
Some of the Latin-American Republics followed the example of the United States
in enacting freezing regulations against Germany's use of assets of invaded coun
tries, e.g., Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica" Paraguay, Uruguay, and
Venezuela. 7 The effectiveness of such measures, however, might sometimes be
considered doubtful, as, for instance, the freezing regulations introduced in Argen.
tina as early as April, 1940.
5,
When Germany undertook new aggressions in the spring of 1941 against the
and later against Russia, the freezing regulations of the United States
were extended to the assets of nearly all European countries on June 14, 19418 and
Regulations Reopening Trading with the Enemy (1939), established by Order in Council, P., C.
were replaced by the f'.onsolidated Regulations, P. C. 3959, as amended, in turn replaced by the Re·
Regulations Respecting Trading with the Enemy (1943), Order in Council of November '3, '943,
P. C. 8526, C. C. H, '943, War Law Servo (Foreign Supplement) 1165,612.
• May II, 1940, Order in Council, P. C. 1936, 2 PROCLAM,'1:noxs AND ORDERS IN COUNCIL
• EXEC. OnDER No. 8389, 5 FED. REG. 1400 ('940), as amended; C. 'c. H, '94'. War, Law
Servo (Statutes, Prodam'ttioflS, Interpretations) ~I4,OII. For amendments and further regulations see
2
U. S.
TnEAS.
Dn·'r,
ADMINISTRATION OF
UNITED STATES GOVEKNMENT
(Dec.,
nUl
1942);
WARTIME
U. S.
FINANCIAL AND PROPERTY Cm~IROLS OF
TH£
TREAS. DEP'T, OOClJMEN'TS PERTAINI!'<G TO FOREIGN
FUNDS CONTROL (March
1944). The latter will he hereinafter cited as "DOCUME"TS."
~ Trcas. Dept's Press
No. 34, April 2[, J942, DOCUMENTS1 supra footnote 4~ at 122; C. C. H.
op. cit. supra (oomote 4, at 1114,633.
• (1941) 35 A.. ER. J. OF TIn. 1... SUPP. 10.
1 PAN AMERICAN UNION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTEkwAMERrcAN' CO:'<:FERENCE 0:'<: SYSTEMS OF Eco~
NOMIc AND FINANCJAL CONTROL
and Conference Series No. 40, 1942) 12, 17, 22t 37, 39, 45.
• EXEC. ORDER No. 8785, 6
2897 (1941).
C(1~lPARATI\,£ SURVEY
q:
5
j!!
on Jlily 20, 1941;9 when Japan overran Indo·China, the control was invoked
Japan and China. In the same way, Canada extended its Trading with the Enemy
legislation to apply to all countries occupied by the Axis powers as "proscribed
territories."lo
~
On July 17, 1941, the United States issued the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked
Nationals, known as the blacklist, which was officially recognized or used as a basis
for local controls by some of the Latin·American Republics.l l
i
After Pearl Harbor, the declarations of war by the United States were immedi
followed by nine American Republics, while other countries broke off diplo
matic relations with the Axis powers in December, 1941, or shortly after the Third
Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, held in
Rio de Janeiro on January 15, 1942.12 A Resolution adopted at that meeting recom
mended that the American Republics "cut off for the duration of the present hemi
spheric emergency all commercial and financial intercourse, direct or indirect,
between the Western Hemisphere and the nations signatory to the Tripartite Pact
and the territories dominated by them."13 It further provided for the supervision
of all transactions of aliens of enemy nationality who are residents in the American
Republics, and for a conference of representatives of the central banks of all Reto draft standards of procedure for the uniform handling of all transactions
of "real or juridical persons who are nationals of a state which has committed an
'act of aggression against the American Continent."H Accordingly, the Inter
American Conference on Systems of Economic and Financial Control was held in
in June-July, 1942. The Final Act of July 10, 1942,15 recommended
measures to be adopted by each country for the elimination of Axis influence. Of
interest is the seventh recommendation regarding control of business enter
prises. It aims at a policy under which "in accordance with the constitutional pro·
cedllfe of each country, all necessary measures be adopted as soon as possible, in
order to eliminate from the commercial, agricultural, industrial and financial life
of the American Republics, all influence of governments, nations, and persons ,within
such nations who, through natural or juridical persons or by any other means are,
in the opinion of the respective government, acting
the political and eco
nomic independence or security of such Republics:'16 By this literal language, con
ceivably every foreign influence, not only that emanating from enemy nationals,
• EXEC, ORDER No. 8832, 6 FED, REG.
(1941); see Press Release NO.7. C. C, H. op, C;l. ;upra
lootnote 4, at ~14,6071 Docu~{E:'ns, supra
41 at 106.
to Orders in Council: of March 4. 1941 (P. C. 1561. 156>: Bulgaria, Hungary); of Dec,mber 7,
'94' (P. C. 9590: Ihe Japanese Empire and Japanese occupied and/or controlled territory).
1.1 See infra footnotes 69~77,
12 See the tabulations in ('9H) 10 DEP'T OF STATE BULL. 373. 4'3. and (1945) 79 BULl.. OF THE
PAN AMERICAN UI'HO;:.l 31.
13
U
{194 2 } 36
(1943) 37
AMER.
AMER.
J. OF hrI'. L.~ SUPP. 71.
J. OF 1,,'1', 1.., St;PI'.
de la Con/~uncia de Control Economico
,. (1943) 37 AMER, J. INT, 1.., SuPp,
14
ld.• at
72.
d. Manuel Felix Maurrua
2
REVISTA
j
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PERUAN.... DE DERECHO It-."TERNACJONAL 422.
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11
On the other hand, aliens of enemy nationality who are residing in countries of
the Western Hemisphere are generally not restricted in their financial and commer
cial transactions. Such alien enemies when they have been residents of the United
States since February 23, I942,21 are so-called generally licensed nationals of a for
eign (blocked) country who are subject to practically no financial restrictions. The
situation, though similar in Canada,22 is different in some Latin-American Repub
lics. There the so-called nationality test prevails. The resident of enemy nationality
is subject to almost the same restrictions which are applied to assets belonging to
enemy nationals residing abroad. This is the case, for instance, in Brazil,23 Colom
17
!d., at 19.
Ul
Id.~ at
20.
As to cases. see DoMKE.l TRADING WiTH THE ENEMY It-: WORLD \rVAR II (New-York t 1943) 26.
20 This- territorial test has been adopted in the Rumanian. Bulgarian. Finnish and Hungarian Armistices.
They provide for rhe control of alien property belonging "to Germany, Hungary or to their citizens) of to
persons residing on their territory, or on territory occupied by them." Art. 8, Rumanian Armistice of
September 12, 1944, (1944) II DEP'T OF STATE BULL 289; Art. 13. Bulgarian Armistice of Oct. 28,
1944, id., at
Art. 16 t Finnish Armistice of September 19, 1944, New York Times, Scjncmber 21)
1944, p. 12,
z; Art, 8 of Hungarian Armistice of Jan. ZO. 1945, N. Y. Times, bn. 2:2, 1945, p. 4,
col. 2.
:1 Treas. Dep't, General License No. 42r as amended, 7 FED. REG. 1492 (1942); d. General Ruling
No. III as amended June 30, 1944,9 FED. REG. 7379 (1944)1 DOCUMENTS, supra note 4, at 3.f..
"See Trefnicek v. Martin [1939] 4 D. L. R. 737; J. G. Whi,e Engineering Corp. v. Canadian Car
&: Foundry Co. [1940J 4 D. L. R. 812.
uBrazil: Decree-law No. 4166, March II, 1941, PAN AMERICAN UNtO~, op. cit. supra footnote "
at .8.
IG
~
7
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bia/' Guatemala,25 Haiti,ZG Mexico,27 and Peru. 28 This problem, namely to subject
residents of enemy nationality to financial restrictions, becomes rather important in
this war where funds within the countries of the Western Hemisphere have been
- used for Axis purposes and other fifth column activities. Evasion of financial war·
time controls, and other inimical activities, however, are not dependent on resi
dence, nationality, or allegiance to a foreign country. It comes down to a matter
of loyalty. Thus, "the ideological and racial nature of the present war appears, in
many respects, to have cut across national lines and destroyed the value of old dis
tinctions based on nationality."29 Under the legislation of most of the countries of
the Western Hemisphere individuals and corporations acting on behalf of or for the
benefit of enemy countries may be assimilated to enemies by administrative deci
sion.so This happened dllring this war with American citizens residing within
this country. They were considered acting in the interest of the enemy and deter
mined as nationals of a foreign (Germany) country and thus blocked in their
financial activity.sl
might thus be eliminated through blocking of assets and other forms of control.
The nationalistic tendency of such measures appears further from this recommenda
tion: "The alienation, in any form, of the said properties and rights can only be
made to nationals of the respective country or to juridical persons formed by
them.»!'
Thus, the administration of alien property in Latin-American Republics will
have far-reaching consequences, beyond the temporary elimination of Axis influ
ence from wartime economy. These resolutions which were adopted with reserva
tions both by Argentina and Chile,ls were carried into execution in a variety of
ways (and degrees of effectiveness) through legislative and administrative measures
in the American Republics.
For the purpose of administration of enemy property It IS necessary to determine
which individuals and corporations have to be considered enemies. They are the
nationals of enemy countries who are residing within enemy territory, and corpora
tions registered under enemy law. Nationals like Americans living in enemy or
enemy-occupied territory have also been considered enemies within the meaning of
the Trading with the Enemy legislation during both World Wars. In The territorial
test is a decisive one; who stays in enemy lerritory is deemed to help the enemy
economy.20
CoMPARATIVE SURVEY
'j
fi
a
In other respects of wartime controls the loyalty test is a decisive factor too;
aliens of enemy nationality may be naturalized even during the war in the United
States after their loyalty has been ascertained by investigation. s2 On the othe~ hand,
naturalized citizens might be faced with the cancellation of their certificates of
citizenship by court decision when it becomes evident from their attitude favoring
Axis aims that they took the oath of allegiance to their new country with mental
reservations.a3 This is especially true with former members of the American
German Bund in this country.a. Their internment after denaturalization, how
ever, does not subject their property within the country to control as enemy prop
erty,as whereas in Cuba, for instance, all assets of interned citizens of countries at
war with Cuba shall be vested in the Interventor for the Property of Enemy
~
•• Colombia; Decree No. 915,
Diario Ofieial. April 17. 1942.
26 Gua[emala: Decree No. 2655,
23, 1941, as amended, Diario de Centro America, Feb~
ruary 24, 1942.
2\t H3iti: Decree~law No. So, December .8, 194It Le Moniteur, December r8, 1941.
~'1 Mexico: Decree, June 13~ 1942, PAS AMERICAN UNION, op. cit. Jupra footnote 7, at 35.
:8 Peru: Decree No. 9586, April 10, 1942, El Peruano, April 22, 1942~
20 Notc, Alien En(miu and /apancrc-Anuricons: A Problem of JVartinu Control;,' (1942) 51 YALE
L. I. 1318. 1337·
11,0 Trcas. Dep't, Public Circular No. IS, March 30, 1942, C. C. H. cp. cit. supra footnote 4, 3t
~14,526. 7 FED. REG. 2503 (1942); Canada; Revised Regulations. IlIpra footnote 2.
For Canadian
cases, see Ritcher v. King ['9431 Ex. C. R. 64; In rc Shawaga Estate [1943J 4 D. L. R. 610.
., Draeger Shipping Co. v. Crowley. 49 F. Supp. 215 and 55 F. Supp. 906 (S. D. N, Y. 1943.
1944); Alexewicz v._Ceneral Aniline 5< Film Corp., .81 Misc. 181,43 N. Y. S. (ld) 713 .(Sup. Ct.
Broome County, 1943); Hartmann v. Fed. Res. Bank of PhiL. 55 F. Supp. 801 (E, D. Pa., 1944).
.. EXEC. ORDER No. 9372. August 27. 1943, 8 FED. REG. 11887 (19n); naturalization of aliens
of Axis nationality has been expressly prohibited in Mexico (Diario Olicial, January 24. 1942) and
suspended in Ar~entina (Boledn Olicial. September 2, 1943).
uPreuss, DcnalltralizaIi'on 011 the Ground 0/ Disloyally (19;;2) 36 A!-f. POL. Sc. REV. 70 1.
3.1- Among the numerous decisions rendered by Federal CoUrts during this war, see Baumgartner v.
United States, 322 U. S. 665 ('944).
"Ex parte Kumezo Kawato, 317 U. S. 69 (1942); Note (1943) 43 COL. L. REV. 944.
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LAW AND CoNTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
3G
Aliens.
On the other hand, the exemption of Italian nationals residing in this
country from qualification as alien enemies 31 did not automatically release their
property from the control of the Alien Property Custodian.
The loyalty test plays a decisive role in the whole field of administration of enemy
property.a~ Nationals of countries of the Western Hemisphere often serve in their
own countries as cloaks for Axis interests. They control, as stockholders or through
management, domestic and neutral commercial enterprises in the interest of the
enemy.a9 Controlling enemy interest has usually been assumed when twenty.five
percent of the shares of a domestic corporation are held in the interest of enemies.
Such control has often, however, been exercised through long-term credit or patent
agreements within the framework of international cartelization. 40 The Axis-con
trolled corporation is considered an enemy for the practical purpose of administra
tion of alien property in Canada,41 in the United States,42 and in some Latin
American Republics such as Brazil,43 Costa Rica,44 Nicaragua"" and Uruguay.4G
Said the recent statement of the Department of State: 47 "The enemy has also been
attempting 'to conceal his assets by passing the chain of ownership and control
through occupied and neutral countries." Thus the final liquidation of enemy
controlled corporations in the common interest of the countries of this· Hemi
will involve many legal and economic problems extending well beyond the
\var. 47
III
Perhaps the most effective measure of administration of alien property in war
time has been the one which was undertaken first, as a countermeasure against the
use of assets abroad of individuals and corporations which resided in the European
countries invaded by' Germany in 1940. In varying degrees, the freezing regulations
first introduced in Canada and in the United States in the spring of I940 have also
Cuba: Decree No. 3343,
21,1941, PAN AMERtCAN UNION, op. cit. supra footnocc 7, at 26.
October 19, 1942,7 FED.
8247 (1942). For a similar measure in ~{exico: EXe<:utive Order
of April 27, '944, Di.rio Oficial. April 29. '944,
$8 For cases, see fupra footnote 31.
$\1' Domke, Compaiiifu Contro/adal por el Enemigo (1943)
22 REvrSTh DE DE-RECIlO INTERNACIONAL
184 .
• 0 CORW1N D. EDWARDS, ECOXOMIC ,,}fD POLJ11CAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CARTELS. 78th Cong.,
2d Sess., Senate Committee Prim, Monograph No.1 ('944) 6, ("A study made (or the Subcommittee
on \Var Mobilization of the Committee on Military Afl'airs United St:ltes Senale~ pursuant to S. Res.
311
37
f
Revised
ORDER No.
May
.
supra footnote 2, at §S.
amended, §5E(ii). C. C. H. op, cit. ",pra footnote 4. at lI'4,oIl;
ANNUAL REPORT (1944) 22.
and 65, Economic Defense Commission, May 10, 1943, Di;irio Oficial,
J2 1
Rica: Decree No. 52, December 26, 1941, Gaceta OficiaJ, December
Nicaragua: Presidential Decree No. 52, Dec{"mber 26, 1941, La Gacera J December 27, 194[.
• $ Uruguay: Exec. Order No. 700~40, September [4. 19.PJ Diario Oficial} September 19, 1942.
<7 ('944) I I DEP'T OF STATE BULL. 383.
Hit See DEP'T OF STATEr UNnED NATlo;'lls MONETARY A'N'D FDlANCIAL CO:iFERENCE (Pub. No. 2187,
Conference Series 55, IQ44) 22.
.. COSta
•5
I
COMPARATIVE SURVEY
9
been enacted in most of the Latin-American Republics. 4s Exactly how tight are
these regulations, in action as well·as on paper, is not exactly known; Argentina,
which introduced such measures as early as April, I94O, is a case in point.
Freezing regulations in all Latin-American Republics were facilitated through
the existing foreign exchange control.<9 The central banks already controlled all
assets and prevented them from being used outside of the country. No
longer was protection of the national currency now the main purpose of foreign
exchange control. To prevent these assets from being used for Axis purposes within
the country now became of primary importance.
The introduction of freezing regulations, however, encountered difficulties in
some Latin-American countries. Special compensation or barter agreements with
Germany existed, as, for instance, in the case of Brazil,50 Chile,5l and Colombia.52
Such agreements made it impossible to CUt off all commercial intercourse with the
Axis powers which were debtors of the American Republics. Difficulties involved
in introducing freezing regulations were further mentioned by Bolivia at the Inter
American Conference. in June, 1942.53 Special supply services in Bolivia have been
operated by German firms for over forty years. These firms with a capital of about
six million dollars reacted to the blocking of their funds in 194I by restricting their
imports to the eastern part of Bolivia. Thus the native population soon felt the
effects of an insufficient food supply. The Bolivian gdvernment was obliged to
make the blocking measures more flexible, and to allow the operation of German
owned business to a ·certain extent.
IV
Other measures were taken in the countries of the Western Hemisphere to pre
vent the Axis powers from benefiting from foreign 'currencies and securities looted
within the occupied territories. In European countries a tax stamp had to be at
tached to all securities. Bonds and shares which were sent to the United States
shortly after the occupation of Western Europe, though through neutral channels,
were barred from import and from any dealing by banks when they bore tax stamps
or evidence that stamps had been attached. 54 Even securities already in this coun
try but in the name of neutral banks have rigorously been controlled. Any dis
position requires formal declarations of these banks that the transfer will not be of
any interest to a national of the Axis powers. 50
.. Supra footnotes 4-7.
.. See OUiON AND HICKMAN, PAN AMER'CAN ECONOMICS (New York, '943) 320.
See U~ S. TARIFF CoMMlSSlON, FOREIGN-TRADE AND EXCHA:-lCE CON'TttOLS IN GERMANY !Report No.
Second Series, 1942) 171; TENENBAUM, NATIONAL. SOCIALISM VS. INTERNATIONAL CAP1~ALtSM (Yale
. Press. '942) 93.
61 PAN AMERICAN UNION, op. cit. supra footnote 7, at 21, 4 8.
621d./ at 22.
IU 1d., at 15.
." Treas, Dep't, Gen. Ruling No.6. as amended May 18, '943, 8 FED. REG. 6595 ('943), C. C. H .
op. cit. supra footnote 4, at ~1 4,206, DOCUMENTS, rtlpra footnote
at 3 1 •
"Treas. Dep't. Gen. Ruling No. '7, October 20, '943. 8
REG. '4,34' (1943), C. C. H. op.
cit. supra footnote: 4, at 114,210, DOCUMENTS, supra footnote 4, at 40.
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v
Problems reaching far beyond wartime conditions are involved in the practice
of commercial blacklisting. Individuals and commercial firms mostly in neutral
countries but also i~ territories of the United Nations who are deemed to serve
c.a As amended December 16, 1943, Diario Oficial, December 24, ]943.
61 Guatemala: Legislative Decree No. 2766, March 30, 1944, Diario de Centro America, May 2, ]944.
"Trcas. Dep·t. Gen. Ruling No_ 5, as amended September 3. 1943.8 FED. REG. 12.286 (1943). C. C.
H. op. cit. supra footnote 4, at ~14,205.
See Public Circular No. 14, as amended April 26, ]944,9 FED.
REG. 4462 (1944),
68 PAN AMERICAN UNION, op. cit. supra footnote 7, at ]9.
60 Mexico: Regulations of December 10, 1942, Diario Oficial, December IS, 1942.
a1 Uruguay: Decree of June 18, 1942, Diario Oficial, September 1 I, 1942.
n PAN AMERICAN UNIO:-;, op. cit. SUP"Q footnote 7, at 39.
as rd., at 41.
a. Chile: September I, 1942, El Mercurio, Santiago, September 2, 1942; Costa Rica: September 13.
1942, La Gaceta, September 17, 1942; Dominican Republic: Decree No. 343. Gaceta Oficial, November
9, 1942; Ecuador: August 12, 1942, Registro Oficial, August 17, 1942; El Salvador: October 22, 1942,
Diario Oficial, October 27. 1942.
ali Treas. Dep't, Press Release No. 39, C. C. H. op. cit. supra foomote 4, a{ t;jI4,637, DOCUMENTS,
supra footnote 4, at 127. Cf. N. Y. Times, Jan. 4. 1945. p. 30, col. 4.
~
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Axis interests are to be treated as enemies and thus to be subject to all sanctions of
~conomic warfare. Such persons and firms have had their assets frozen and all
movements of funds have been stopped. Canada, under statutory provisions, pub
lishes Lists of Specified Persons.66 The United States introduced on July 17, 1941,67
the so-called Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals. The blacklists are re
vised from time to time by addition of names or by deletion. Deletion is frequently
the result of liquidation, transferor "clean· up" of an enterprise; sometimes it is the
result of change in policy, death, change of residence, recognition of error; mere
change in the listed person's pro-Axis leanings is probably insufficient, per Sf?, for
deletion. Additions to the List have generally exceeded deletions, although a trend
in the other direction is recently noticeable as to listings of names in the Latin
Republics. 68 The fact that additions continue indicates that the control of Axis
interests in neutral countries and in some of the American Republics is not all that
'might be desired from an anti-Axis point of view.
Similar measures were provided for in Mexico by a Presidential Decree of August
4, 1942,56 requiring the registration of Mexican government obligations and railroad
securities within a certain period. All non-registered bonds would be considered as
held by enemies. The New York Stock Exchange excluded unregistered Mexican
bonds from being traded. Thus about sixty million dollars of Mexican bonds pre
sumably in enemy possession were reached by this regulation. A similar measure
was enacted in Guatemala,57 which suspended the service of its four percent foreign
debt pending the restamping of bonds and coupons in order to prevent them from
coming into possession of persons or corporations controlled by enemy nationals.
It became further necessary to introduce a strict control of the importation of
currencies into the countries of the Western Hemisphere. Dollar notes hoarded all
over Europe were not allowed to enter this Hemisphere in order to prevent the
building up of dollar funds or the equivalent of national currency which might be
used' for fifth column activity and other means of economic warfare. Nearly all
the Latin-American countries followed the example of the United States which had
already restricted the import of dollar notes in the spring of 1940.58 Thus the en
trance of foreign currency was prevented and controlled by different measures, as
the withdrawal of all dollar notes in Brazil,59 or the reporting of all currency in
Mexic0 60 and Uruguay,61 or the obligation to change foreign currency into national
currency as in Paraguay62 and Peru.63 Furthermore the export of currency has
been controlled in almost every American Republic. Travelers were allowed to
export relatively small amounts of currency.64 Mexico made an agreement with
the United States, on August 12, 1942,65 which provided for a detailed regulation
of export and import of currencies with the aim of preventing the proper disposi.
tion within the Western Hemisphere of currency looted by the Axis powers.
CO~lPARATIVE SURVEY
I
/I
Some of the American Republics used the United States Proclaimed List as the
basis of some local control, e.g., Bolivia,69 Costa Rica,'o Ecuador,71 Guatemala,'2
and Nicaragua. 73 Mexico 74 and Cuba 75 publish from time to time names of speci
fied individuals and of firms which are to be considered enemies. When Haiti
based certain local controls on the United States blacklist long before it severed
diplomatic relations with Germany,76 the German charge d'affaires prot~sted to the
Haitian government, claiming that it had allowed an interference of the United
States in its sovereignty, a claim strongly rejected by the Haitian government. 77
In order not to disturb any regular commercial relations of this country with the
Latin-American Republics, the whole Western Hemisphere has been declared a
so-called generally licensed trade area 78 with which any transaction is licensed unless
it concerIl:s a blacklisted firm or nationals of foreign (blocked) countries out~ide the
Western Hemisphere.
66 Canada: Revised Regulations, supra footnote 2, at § 1 (d)viii; d. the last Revision, No. 55, Dec. 8,
1944, 4 CANADIAN WAR ORDERS AND REGULATIONS (1944) 486.
"PRES. PROC. No. 2497, 6 FED. REG. 3555 (1941). C. C. H. op. cit. SIIpro footnote 4. at ~14.05!.
(1942) 36 AMER_ J. INT. L.. SuPP. 2!4.
68 The September 1944 Revision of the U. S. Proclaimed List of ·Certain Blocked Nationals containeu
9,915 listings in the American Republics and 5,496 in otht:r countries. Revision VIII of September 13,
'944. 9 FED. REG. 11389 (1944). See Cumulative Supp. NO.5 of Jan. 12, '945. 10 FED. REG. 58!
(1945)·
Bolivia, on December 12, 1941, PAN AMERICA:-.l UNIO:-;, op. cit. mpra fooUlote 7, at IS.
10 Costa Rica, on October 10, 1941, id., at 24.
11 Ecuador: Presidential Decree No. 854, June! I, 1943, Registro Oficial, June 23, 1943.
12 Guatemala: Presidential Decree No. 3153, Ocr. 6, 1944, Diario de Centro, America, O~ct. 7,
13 Nicaragua: Presidential Decree No. 70, December 16, 194(, La Gaceta, December 18, 1941.
H Mexico: Lists of Firms and Persons included under the Provisions of the Law on Enemy
erty and Business, as amended February 24, 1944, Diario Olicial. March 29, 1944.
1liCuba: Resolution No. 26, August 18, 1942, Gaceta Oficial, August 21,1942, p. 15,136.
16 Haiti, on December 29, 1941, PAS AMERICAN UNION, op. cit. mpra footnote 7, at 32A.
11 The whole correspondence'is published in Le Moniteur (1941) 521, 528, 534.
18 Treas. Dep't, Gen. License No. 53 as amended February 21, 1944, C. C. H. op. cit. supra
note 4. at ~T 4.358. DocuMEr..'"Ts, supra footnote 4. at 65.
69
1944.
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LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
The blacklisting system, besides its legal effects in the commercial field,'o in
volves economic problems for the countries eliminating Axis interests. A black
listed firm for instance will be cut off from bank credits; imports from other
countries are no longer allowed to reach it, and exports are no longer possible. How
does this firm continue to operate, and what will become of its numerous em
ployees? A committee of the Colombian Senate called attention to the injustices
and injuries suffered by the businessmen of that country.80 In Guatemala, for in
stance, German interests predominantly control coffee plantations.81 The Guate
malan delegation at the Inter-American .Conference, June, I942, made the following
statement: "Coffee interests ar~ diverse: there are the interests of the owners of
plantations; of the Guatemalans who work in these plantations; of the banks that
furnish the credits which finance the gathering of the crops; the interests of the
creditors who nold mortgages, and of the government which derives a large part
of the national income from export taxes."82 Recently the United States and Great
Britain have agreed 83 that '''the continuation of the Proclaimed and Statutory Lists 84
will be necessary following the cessation of organized resistance in Germany. This
action is required in order to permit the Allied Governments to deal properly with
firms which have been part'and parcel of the Axis effort to gain world domination."
VI
The control of enemy property in the countries of the Western Hemisphere has
as its major objective the cutting off of all financial and commercial transactions
which might be of benefit to the Axis powers. This control has been exercised
through freezing regulations, restrictions on the movement of securities and cur
rency, severance of communications, the blacklisting system, preclusive buying of
commodities, export restrictions to neutral countries, and through other measures
of economic warfare.
The elimination of Axis influence and control over any part of the national
economy of the Western Hemisphere will be the final aim of administration of
enem y property in the various countries. To provide the information necessary for
effective measures, a census of all foreign property became necessary. Such census
'1'8 Domk~, Som~ 0/ th~ L~gal Qtt~stions lnvolv~d in Commacial Blacklisting (1943) 48 EXPORT
TRADE AND SHIPPER, No. 12, p. 30. For a Guatemalan case, see Kellor, lnt~-Anurican Commercial.
Arbitration (1944) 78 BULL. OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNIO:-.l, 218, 222, n. 5~
80 Bidwdl, Our Economic War/ar~ (1942) 20 FOREIGN AFFAIRS 421, 427.
81 GOlJ~rnm~nt Custodianship 0/ CoO~~ Plantations in Guaumala (1943)
77 BULL. OF THE PAX
AMERICAN UNION 488.
82 PAN AMERICAN UNION, op. cit. supra footnote 7, at 32. Guatemala levies an extraordinary war
tax on exports of coffee, seed and wax from conuolled plamations. Legislative' Decree No. 2764, March
30, 1944, Diario de Centro America, May 2, 1944.
83 (1944) II DEP'T OF STATE BULL. 340; d. Russell, Curr~nt and Post~War Significanc~ 0/ th~ Pro~
claim~d List (1944) 49 EXPORT TRADE Ai'JD SHIPPER, No. 15, p. 3; REPORT TO COXGRESS o~ OPERATIO:-"'S OF
THE FOREIGN ECOSOMIC ADMINISTRATIO~ (Sept. 25, 1944) 14·
.. Published by the Board of Trade under the authori.y of Sec. 2 (;) of [he Bri[ish Trading wi,h
the Enemy Act, 1939. 2 & 3 GEO. VI, c. 89. ([942) 36 AMER. J. OF INT. L., SuPP. 3.
A
Cm[PARATlVE SURVEY
13
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was required, in the United States, on September 3, I941,so whereby all persons
owning, holding, or controlling any type of property in which there was a foreign
interest, direct or indirect, had to report the ownership of such property to the T reas
ury Department. Similar measures were adopted in -Canada.86 Some Latin
American Republics required the reporting of all such assets, e.g., Brazil,87 Chile,88
Cuba,89 Ecuador,oo and Mexico.90 > Further measures to obtain necessary informa
tion were the requirements to report employees of Axis nationality in Brazil91 and
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The control, however, would not become effective were it not aimed at the elim
ination of all financial and commercial influence or activity of interests which have
been inimical to the defense of the Western Hemisphere. Such control has been
exercised through a variety of methods, viz., the supervision of commercial activities
by the use of intervention by representatives of the government, by control of licensed
operation of business enterprises, and through different types of regulations. In the
United States there are General Orders of the Alien Property Custodian which
generally have the purpose of getting information over certain classes of property,
especially patents and other industrial property rights. Supervisory Orders are fur
ther used by the Alien Property Custodian especially as a flexible device to .control
property of residents of enemy-occupied countries.o3 A similar device, one which
does not ipso facto vest title in the government, is usually used by central banks of
some American Republics, e.g., Brazil,94 Haiti. o:; Sometimes when more than bank
experience is required, specific interventors for the supervision of enemy property
have been designated, e.g., Cuba,96 or Honduras.or Sometimes particular interests
such as farms belonging to alien enemies are administered by special agencies as in
Guatemala by the National Mortgage Credit Association o8 or in Costa Rica by the
"Public Circulars Nos. 4 and 5, 6 FED. REG. 4[96, 4587 ('94[)·
80 Canada: Revised Regulations, supra footnore 2, at sec. 28.
87 Brazil: Resolution No. 50-1943, Economic Defense Commission, April 1:1, 1943, Diario Oficial,
April [3, [943·
88 Chile: Presidential Decree No. 422, January 20, 1944. Diario Oficial, January 22, 1944.
89 Cuba: Presidential Decree No. 588, February 29, 1944, Gaceta Oficial, March 15. 1944, p. 4163.
80 Ecuador: Decree No.
171, February 9, I 94:::?:, PA:-.l AMERIC.. . N UNION, op. cit. supra footnote 7,
at 29.
00. Mexico: Decree of April :::?:5. 1944, Diario Oficial, July 13, 1944.
91 Brazil: Decree~law No. 5576, June 14, 1943, Diario Oficial, June 15, 1943.
U Cuba: Order NO.3, Office of the Imerven.ror for the Property of Enemy Aliens, March 19. 1943,
Gaceta Oficial, March 20, 1943, p. 4654.
1:13 ALIEN PROPERTY CuSTODI .... :-;- (FIRST) AN:S-uAL REPORl" (1944) 19; d. Canada: Revised Regulations,
supra footnote 2, at §21.
04- Brazil:
Decree~law No. 6393, Boletim Acreo No. 292, Sec~ao de Informa~oes, Ministerio das
Rela\;iies Ext~riores (April 6, [944).
•
85 National Bank appointed Sequestrator~Liquidator General of Enemy Propenies, Annual Report of
[he Fiscal Department, Banque Nationale de la Republique d'Hai[i ([942) 36.
80 PAr-." AMERICA:-.l UXIO:-J, op. cit. supra footnote 7, at 26.
" [d., at 33 .
8S Guatemala: PresidemiJI Decret' No. 2841, July 17, 1942, Diario de Centro America, July 24, 1942.
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LAW AND CoNTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
A
Agricultural Industrial Production Cooperative. GO It seems, however, that more
and more in all American Republics a centralized control is exercised, as through
the Custodian (Department of the Secretary of the State) in Canada, the Alien
Property Custodian in the United States, and in some of the Latin-American Re
publics through central agencies like the Board of Economic Defense in Bolivia,
the Economic Defense Commission in Brazil, the National Economic Defense Com
mission in Colombia, the Alien Property Custodian Board in Costa Rica, the Inter
ventor for the Property of Enemy Aliens in Cuba, the Office for the Control of
Blocked Properties in Ecuador, the Special Board of Control of Foreign Funds in
Honduras, the Inter.Departmental B03rd on Enemy Property and Business in Mex
ico, the Advisory Committee 011 Alien Property in Nicaragu3, and the Alien Prop·
erty Custodbn Commission in Venezuela.
VII
The most important type of administration of enemy-controlled property is its
tranSfer to the government of the country where it is located. Thus in the United
States, the Alien Property Custodian has issued more than four thousand
O~ders by which the Custodian as a representative of the United States government
took absolute title to the
foreign-owned property.lOO Thus most of the
were
enemy interests in business enterprises Jnd in industrial property
effectively subjected to government control. The control of enemy property may
not be effectively pursued if the enemy influence on the national economy of the
will not be definitely removed. Such final disposition of enemy property
will be most adequately effected when enemy properties are not only put under
national management or vested in the government, but definitely transferred into
private ownership and thus incorporated into the national economy of the Western
Hemisphere.
The nationalization of enemy 'property becomes of primary importance and
more or less the final aim of its administration. 'o, Assets now held by the Alien
Property Custodian are disposed of in this country, through public bidding. They
will be sold, however, only to American citizens or organizations controlled by
American citizens not on the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals. Bids
should be accompanied by an affidavit that the bidder is not purchasing on behalf
of an undisclosed principal, a person not a citizen of the United States, or for resale
to a non-citizen.,02 Similar provisions for sale of enemy property in public auctions
&9
Costa Rica:
See opinion
100
Decree No. 49,
General Counsel
22, 1943. La Gaceta,
Alien Property
23, 1943.
(1943) 57
u.
S.
PATENT
QUARTERLY, 20:2.
1., The
E.
recent development has been ilIuslT3ted in an article by the U, S. Alien Propert)' Custodian
Making: Enemy Money Fight far u, (Ocmber, 1944) 138 AMEIUCAN MAGAZINE (No.
Markham,
See Form APC-43. C. C. H. op. cit. ;upra footnote 4, at 117522; General Order No. 26 of May 29,
1943,8 FE!>. REG. 7628 (1943).
COMPARATIVE SURVEY
are provided for in Brazil,103 Colombia,'04 Costa Rica,,05 Haiti/o6 and Peru. '01
Enemy property is disposed of in the different American Republics in various
ways. No uniformity of administration exists, and it seems to be immaterial what
the act of disposition of enemy property is called. The seizure and disposition of
enemy property under the legislation of the respective countries is sometimes called
custodianshiplos or fiduciary administration,109 sometimes liquidation llO or expropri
ation,1I1 sometimes confiscation" 2 or nationalizationya No final determination on
vested enemy' property or on the proceeds of its liquidation has been made for in·
stance in Canada,lu nor as yet in the United States by Congress. jlG In Mexico a
law of January 17, 1943116 provides that the final disposition of enemy properties
will be determined in peace treaties. Sometimes as in Costa Rica,117 or in Ven
ezuel a1l8 special regulations have been prescribed for the evaluation and indemnifi·
cation of seized Axis-controlled property.
Sometimes the proceeds of disposed enemy property are to be deposited in the
central bank of the Republic as in Chile,119 Haiti,120 or Mexico,l2' Sometimes it
has been provided that such proceeds are to be invested in national securities as in
124 a fiduciary
FClIador. '21 • Nicaragua,122 or in Peru. '23 Sometimes as in Colombia
of enemy property shall be maintained "until reparation has been
Brazil: Resolution No. 82, Economic Defense Commission, June 28. 1943, Diario Ofidal, June
3 0 , 1943·
104 C...olombia: Presidential Decree No. 260)1 December 24, 1943, Diario Oficial, January 5, 1944·
105 Costa Rica: Presidential Decree No. 2I,
16. 1943. La Gaccta, April 20, 1943.
HUt Hz.iti: Decree of February II, 1943.
1O't Peru: Supreme Decree of March 20, 1943,
lOS Paraguay: Presidential Decree of September 27, 1943, El Pais, Asunct6n, October I, 1943.
10& Colombia: Presidential Decree No. 2622~ December 29, 1943. Diario Olicial, December
1943·
110 Brazil~ Resolution No. 78, Economic Defense Commission, June 16. 1943, Diario
June
21, 1943. Chile: Presidential Decree No. 402, January 19, 1944, Diario Olldal, January 22, 1944·
111 Bolivia: Decree of February 9, 1944, EI Diario, February 121 1944; Guatemala: Pn:sidemial
Decree No. 3115, June 221 1944, Diario de Centro America, June 23, 1944; Nicaragua: Law of August
6, 1943, N. Y. Times, August 7, 1943, p. 4, col. 6; Peru; Law No. 9958 of July 1, 1944, El Peru.no,
July 17.
112 Costa
Legislative Decree No. 49, December 28,
113 Haiti; Executive Decree No. 365, March 28, 1944, Le Moniteur, March
114 The Canadian Revised Regulations~ supra footnote 2, contain no provision similar to Sec.
of the British Act, supra footnote 84) which provides for the appointment of custodians with a view
"preserving enemy property in contemplation of arrangements to be made at the conclusion of peace:'
,,. Suo Hearing! before Subcammittu No. I 0/ til, Commiflu on the Judiciary on H. R. 4840. 78th
Cong.• 2d Sess., Serial No. t8 (1944, "Administration of Alien Property"). II. R. 4840 was amended
ann reintroduced as H. R. 5031.
114 See Diano Oficial, February 10, 1944.
l1T Costa Rica: Presidential Decree No. 32.
La Gaccta 1
116 Venezuela: Presidential Decree No. 246,
13, 1943, Gaceta 'Oficial,.. November 13, [943.
lUI! Chile: Presidential Decree No. 427, January 20 t
Diario Olicial, January 22, 1944.
uo Haiti: Executive Decree No. 365, March 28, 1944,
Moniteur, March 30) 1944.
1tl MeXICO; Law on Enemy Property and Business, as amended February 24,. 1944} Diario Oficial.
Morch 29, 1944 .
.... Ecuador: Presidential Decree of July 5. 1944, EI Comercio, Quito. July 6, 1944.
122 Nicaragua.; Law of August 6, 1943, N. Y. Times, August 7, 1943, p. 4, col. b.
ua Peru: N. Y. Times, January 24, 1944, p. 3~ col.
1:14 Colombia: Prcsidcntia:i D<.;efce No. 26:22,
19, 1943, Dlario Oficial. Decembtr 30, 1943~
103
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LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
made for all damages inflicted on the Colombian nation or its citizens by the Ger
man nation or its citizens."125
The general aim of administration of encmy property in nearly all countries of.
the Western Hemisphere is to eliminate definitely Axis influence from any sub
stantial power in 'the national economy. Certain assets are to be incorporated into
the national domain. Divergent interests of the different countries, however, should
not exclude a Western Hemisphere solution for the final disposition of enemy
controlled property. Moreover, international measures will become necessary when
creditors of former owners of vested or liquidated enemy property try to get satis
faction out of the proceeds in whatever country they may be located. The disposi
tion of enemy property thus becomes. subject to more or less uniform solutions.
They should soon be provided for in the common interest of the countries of the
\Vestern Hemisphere,12G
13'.
Cf. the Cuban Prcs;ckntial Decree No. 587, of February
2<),
19-14, authnrizing the formation
"f
a "Union de Proprietarios damnificados por la accion del E;c" (Union of Propel'ly Owners Damaged b).
Encmv Action), Gaccta Oficial, Mareh 15, 1944, p. 4161.
." For a recent sliggestion as to unification of administrati\T practices, sec M<:yn, Co-ordination
Allied Enemy l'i'opaty Deveiopmellls (194<1) 26 J. OF COMPo LEGIS, 51,
0/
�.,,~
VOLUME
XI
WINTER-SPRING,
1945
. NUMBl!R J
ENEMY PROPERTY
T ABLB
OF CONTJlNTS
WESTERN HEMIsPHERE CONTROL OVER ENEMY PROPERTY:
A
COMPARATIVll SURVEY . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . , . , , .. , " . , , .. , .. Marlin
Domke
THE CONTROL OF FOREIGN FUNDS llY THE UNITED STATES \TREASURY
William Hll'I'tieV Ruves
ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY AND STEPS FOR THE LAWYER,
,Frederick W. Eimer
• . P_I
THE WORK OF.THE ALIEN PROPERTY CuSTODIAN."", .• ,."
ENEMY PATENTS •• , .•..•. ', • ,
.Hollliand H. Sl11'glltl.1U and Henriell" L. Cntlmtll"
CARTELS AND ENEMY PROPERTY, ....••.••••. '. , •.•.• , •..• . Herher,
SJTUS
PROIlLE~S
V. M'Yf'O"
A •. Berman
IN ENEMY PROPERTY MEASUIUIS ••••• .' ..•.•.. , .•. . 'Ernsf
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF ALIEN PROPERTY CoNTROLS .•.• : •.. George
A. McNultv
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF ALIEN PROPERTY CONTllOLS: A COMMENT
ON THE PROBLEM OF REMEDiES .•.•.••..•••. , • . • . . • . . • • Hmf:1"
A BIUEF AGAINST CONFISCATION . . . . . • • . . • , . : •• , , • , .. , .••
O'to
"INVIOLABILITY" OF ENEMY PRIVATE PROPERTY .. , . , . , • . . . . . ,
PO$T-WAR PJl.OSPECTS FOR T REATME
RIIl1el
Wechsler
c. sommm~'
Seymour J. Ruh",
NT OF ENEMY PROPERTY
. '
Bf:1't1'and
W.
L
Get11'lIart.
LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS
A Quarterly "
published by the ~"!.o~1~~~~~· *~),.--.'''~'
" "," ~.~,1~,l~~!;;"'i;
DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF !:;AW,
DURHAM,
N. C.
$1.00
, SubsCription, ~.50 per volume
per number
�
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Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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~
414-'-
(, -:::rnuLAn'Ch \ L{ <6'
MILITARY GOVE:RNMENT
posed by National Socialism on Germany and further the assimilation of
the German people into the world community of nations.
23. Education
a. In recognition of the fact that evil consequences to all free men flow
from the suppression and corruption of truth and that education is a pri
mary means of creating a democratic and peaceful Germany, you will con
tinue to encourage and assist in the development of educational methods,
institutions, programs and materials designed to further the creation of
democratic attitudes and practices through education. You will require
the German Laender authorities to adopt and execute educational pro
grams designed to develop a healthy, democratic educational system which
will offer equal opportunity to all according to their qualifications.
,- b. You will continue to effect the complete elimination of all National
Socialist, militaristic ~d aggressively nationalistic influences, practices and
teachings froni the German educational system.
24. Religious Affairs
a. You will, in the United States Area of Occupation, continue to as
sure freedom of religion. You will assure protection of religious activity
and support these principles in the deliberations of the Control Council.
b. You -will give freedom to tbe Germans to decide all questions con
cerning the constitution, the religious activity and the amalgamation of
purely ecclesiastical bodies.
c. You will continue to take such action as may be necessary to prevent
the revival of National Socialist and militaristic activity under the cloak
-of a religious program or organization.
25. Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives
a. You will respect, and permit German authorities to protect and
preserve, the property of all cultural institutions dedicated to religion,
charity, education, the arts and sciences, historic monuments and historic
Archives, together with their collections and endowments. You will apply
the same prin~iple to all other property of cultural value, whether- pub
~ licly or private owned, except for institutions and monuments specifically
-devoted to the perpetuation of National Socialism or to the glorification
-of the German militaristic tradition.
b. You are authorized to make such use of German records and archives
.as may be appropriate.
26. Public Information
a. You will, in the United States Area of Occupation, supervise, en
courage and assist, in the development by the Germans of media of public
,
J~qJ
",·t;\"~",,,
l
APPENDICES
415
:1 information designed to advance the political and cultural objectives
.
;
'\;,
stated in this directive.
b. You will arrange through the Allied Control Council for the im
plementation of the decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of Foreign
Ministers on the' free exchange of information and democratic ideas by
all media in all of Germany.
•
c. You will develop and maintain organizations and facilities for the '
operation of media of information, including those sponsored by Military
Government, designed to further the objectives of your Government.
27. Reestablishment of International Cultural Relations
In furtherance of the program of the reorientation of the German people
and the revival of international cultural relations, you will permit and as
sist the travel into and out of Germany of persons useful for this program
within the availability of your facilities. You will also permit and assist~
to the extent of your facilities, the free /low of cultural materials to and!
from Germany.
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In general it may be said that the Laender will be given complete power '
to govern themselves. . . • The only restrictions imposed upon them
will be those resulting from:
a) The provisions of the Berlin Protocol and subsequent Four Power
agreements which ~ay be forthcoming from further min~sterial meetings.
b) Allied Control Council Laws which are binding upon the whole of
Germany.
c) ,Democratization and political decentralization.
d) It is considered the German Government will be "democratized'"
when the following conditions exist:
I) All political power is recognized as originating with the people
and subject to their controL
2) Those who exercise political power are obligated to obtain a man
It'
!:!l ~j ::1
r
l
.
.!
Democratization of Germany
July 9,1946
"r
,.::1 1; ."
i!;:
A STATEMENT OF POLICY BY GENERAL
JOSEPH McNARNEY
~]:
1;:'::[ 1:;
111\
Appendix C
I
;:!'I
!,
�>~~" ..
'Ii,," ,",
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ,
date by frequent reference of their programs and leadership to popular
elections.
"
3) Popular elections are' conducted under competitive conditions in
which not less than two effectively competing political parties' submit
their programs and candidates for popular review.
4) Political parties must be democratic in character and must be recog
nized as voluntary assocIations of citizens, clearly distinguished from
rather than identified with the instrumentalities of government.
s) The basic rights of, the individual including free speech, freedom
of religious preference, and the right of asSembly." freedom of political
association and other equally basic rights of free men are recognized and
guaranteed.
6) Control of the instrumentalities of public opinion such as the radio
'and press must be diffused and kept free from governmental domination.
7) The rule of law is recognized as the individual's greatest single
protection against a capricious and willful exercise of governmental power.
8) Essentially our policy on political decentralization of government
is:
A. PQwerjs granteQ primarily to Laenderl and only in specifically
enumerated,and approved instances to a Federal Government.
B. Powers of basic political implication are reserved to the Laender.
Such administrative powers as may be necessary to insure economic unity
are allocated to the Reich.
'
C. AU residual powers are reserved to the people except as the' people
may delegate them to the Laender.
D. "A substantial number of functions are delegated by the Laender
to the Kreise and the Gemeinden. Those should include all such func
tions as may be effectively determined and administered by the com
munity.
As these conditions are met the limitations on Laender Government
which are imposed by Military Government Regulations will become less
stringent. With, the definitions of democracy and decentralization and
the recognition of the need for economic unity which is contained in the
Berliri Protocol, there can never be an effective compromise. These prin
ciples must remain as limitations upon Laender activities from this time
forward.
APPENDICES
417
I":
!
Appendix D
i:
i
MILITARY GOVERNMENT CHANNELS
(8.for• .Iuuor"
"
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il
194 IS)
i.
i,
~
II
I::
i
1:
XXIV Corpi
I
.. '
,
:,'
:
DEPUTY
FOR MIUTARY GOVERHMan!
olld Stolt (Hotl. GOR)
,
I;
r
ttCb,1I1eol
olld,
II ail 1011
PROVINCIAL (Group) olld
CITY olld COUNTRY (com ~
pOllf) Y. Go T.oml
\'
. :1
MILITARY GOVERNMENT CHANNELS
CSlne. Jonllor,
- - ; d;I:iI;~Y; -" -
USAYGIK HATL. GOVTA
I
,
-
COII'f)
compolIW& 0. '.oml
-
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itaetlco' unll'
."011011 cbonn,11
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CITY a COUNTRY M.o.
-
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- ;uppl, OllIS
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PROVINCIAL GOn
,.: ...0. Group Hq, ... -
1946)
......
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�Oll"l r flk ~.
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S ::-jhL l'f-t?( (0- ~. ~\
~?r. 0;. I ) qytP
86th Congress \
1st Session J
J
C /'
COMMITTEE PRINT
?,
: 1:
F
/.) /
..'
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY,
1944-1959
BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS ON
GERMANY, 1944-1959, AND A CHRONOLOGY OF
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING
BERLIN, 1945-1956
MAY 8,1959
Printed for the use of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
.
lJNIT~;[) RTAT~;S
GOVF;RNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
~OIl~J
ILISII(;l:GTO;-l
!
Inr.!}
..
�34
DOCUMENTS OX GERMANY, 19U-59
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY, 1944-59
repl'esentatin''; on tho (;ol1t1'oJ COIlJl(~iJ to 1'('pm"l.lo Omil' GO\'('I'IllIl(,llfs
as soon ll~ possibl~ t.he extent to which such persons lm\'(' alrelluy
ent.ered Germany from Poland, Czechoslovakia und HUllgal'y, and to
submit an estimate of the time and rate at ,~hich further trrinsfers
could be carried out. .hu,vlng regard to the present situnt,ion in
which tho AlIlel'ie!l1l as well ns t.he entire Allied interest il'; les.'! than
substantial, the U. S, expects adequate, effective, and prompt com
pensation.
3. (Jurrellt Production, While the U. S. does not oppose rellaration
out of current production of Allied investments, the satelhte must
provide immediate IlIld adequate compensation to the Allied nationals
mcillding sufficient, fOI'e.ign exchange or products so that t.hey can t'e.
cover reasonable foreign currency expenditures and transfer a reason
able return on their investment. Such compensation must also have
equal priority with reparations.
..
We deem it essential that the satellites not conclude tt'e.aties, agree
ments or arrangements which deny to Allied nationals access, on equal
terms, to tllejr trade, raw ll\ILterials alld industry, and appropriately
modify llIly existing arrangements which may have that effect.
Gel'mal~Y,
The Czechoslovak GoVel'lllllent, the Polish Provisiollal GOH'1'llmel1t
nnd the Control Coullcil in Hungary are nt the sallle time being ill
formed of the above and are being l'eque8ted mellllwhile to suspend
further expulsions pending 1m exnlllillation by the Governments con.
cerned of the report from their I'epl'esentntives on the Control
Council.
.
..
XIX. DIRECTIVES
..
'l,()
'
..
.
MLLI'l'Aln: (A1i\,[l\{ANm;m; ON
COUNCIL FOR -GERMANY ,
..
ALLU:II
•
CONTHOL
The Thl'ee ({oVf'I'nl1~(jnts ngl'eed t,hM. each would selld 1\ dil'cctive to
its repl'esentative 011 tho Control Council for Germany informing
him of nil dE'Cisiolls of the Confel'ence affecting mntters within the
scope of his duties.
'
XX, U!'t: OF
.\LLU;l)
Stuttgart Address by 8.ecretary of State Byrnes, 'September 6,
.
..
.
..
.
•
ANNEX II
USE OF Au.IED PROPERTY FOR SA'l'Ef.LITE RE1'AilATIONS OR
"WAR TROPlIH;R"
1. The burden of i'e.)Jal'lttion and "war t.rophies" should !lot fall
Allied nationals.
_
2. (Japit.al Equipment, We object to the l'e.llJoval of snch Allied
property as reparations, "war trophies", 01' under nny ot·her guise,
Loss would accrue to Allied natiollals as a result, of destl1lct.ioll of
plants and the consequent loss of markets and trading conuections.
Seizure of Allied prol?erty makes impossible the fulfillment by the
satellite of its obllgatlOll under the n.nnlstice to restore intact the,
ri~hts and int~rests of the Allied Nations and their nationals, .
fhe United States looks to the ot.her occupying powers for the return
of any equipm~nt ah'e.adl removed and the' cessat.ion of remova!s.
Where such equtpment Will not orcaullot be returned, the U. S, 'nIl
demand of the satellite adequate, effective !\nd prompt compensat.ioll
to American nationals, alld that such com.pensntion have priority equal
to that of tHe reparo.tiolls payment.
These principles apply to nIl property wholly or substantially
owned by Allied nntionals, ltl t.he event of l'e.mOVllls of property in
.
'
PROPERTY FOR SAl'ELUTE Ih;I''\RATWN~ OR "\VAR
TROPHIES"
..
1(146 1
RESTATKUENT OF U.S, POLICY ON GERMANY
.
The pl'opo~al (;\.nll(,.x II) presented by tlU' United Stllt~s Delega
t.ioll was accepted in principle by t.he Confel'ence, but, t.he dl'llfting of
an agreement on t.he matter was left to he wOl'ked out through diplo
matic channels.
'
.
35
011
I
I have come to Germany to learn at nrst hand t.he problems involved
in the l'ecollstrl1!'tion of UI.'r!JIll.ny and to discuss with our ropreselJt.a
tives the views of the United Stl\tes Government as to some of the
problems confronting us.
. .
We in the United States have given considernble t.ime and attention
to .these problems because upon their propel' solution will depend not
only the future well-being of Germany but the future well-being of
Europe,
.
We have learned, whether we like it or not, that we live ill one world,
from which world we cannot isolate ourselves, We have lenrned that
peace and well-being are indivisible and that our peace and weU·being
cannot be purchased at the price of the peace or the well-being of any
other country,
.
I hope that t.he German people willllever agaiu nmke the mistake of
believing that because the Americun people are pellcc-Iovillg tlley will
sit. back hoping fOl' peace if any nation use.'3 fmee 01' the t.hreut of force
to acquit'e. dominion over other peoples and ot.her governments,
.
In 1017 the United States was forced into the first World Wur.
After that. W:U' we refused to join the League of Nations. l\Te thoul!ht
we could stay out of Eut'ope's wal'S, nnd we lost interest illtite uffnirs
of Europe, . That did not keep us from being forced into a second
world war.
We will not again make that mistake, We intend to continue our
iutel'est ill the alfairs of Em'ope alld of the \\'()I'ld. We have helped
to organize the United Nations. We believe it w·ill stop aggressor na
tions from stnrting wars. Because we believe it, we intend to support
the United Nations organization with nll the power alld t'e.sources we
possess,
The American people "'lIl1t penc'e, They have long sinco c:eased
to talk of a 1mI'd or a soft pence fOl' Gcnnnll'y, Thi!lllevel' hns been
• CUnnanJi. 1947-1949: 7'he Flto,," III lIoc"m."I,. (l)"pllrtment of State pul>lIeAtloll 3MB!
l\}~Ol.
Pl). 3-8,
�/.'7""'~.
36
DOCUMENTS ON GERlIIANY,
19~
4-59
the r('al issue, 'What we w:lIit, is a last.il1l! P(':\('(', \\'(' will oppOf,e
soft meaSIII'C's which ill\'i let he breakill<r of t lie peace,
_
In agreeing at Potsdam that GE?.!~ull1Y should be (liSal'lllecl and
demilital'izpcl and ill proposillg that, the four major \lOIn'.!',; should by
treaty jointly llndertake to see that GC'mmny is kept disarmed and
demilit.arize(! fOl' a P:<',II('l'al iOIl, the liniled :-:;1111(>$ was lIot, 1I1111lilidfui
of t,he respollsilJility rest illg IIpon it alld i,ts nmjOl' Allies to nminlain
and enforce peace ulldeI' the la w,
'
Freedom fOl'militarisll1 will give tilt"~ German pl'oplelhe
tunity, if they will bnt seize it, to apply their great energies and
ties to the works of peace, It. will give thE?ll1 the oPPOItunit,y to show
t.hemselves worthy, of the resped and' friendship or peace-loving
nat.iolls, and ill tillie, to lake, all honorable place among the I11Clllbel'S
of the United Niltions,
It. is not, ill thE? intC'l'(>si of IhE' Gennllll people 01' ill Ihe intel'cst, of
world peace that Gerll1allyshould becollle a pawn or a partner in a
military struggle for powel' between East and the West,
German milit.al'islll and Nazism IIlH'e dCYll.stated t\yice in 0111' gellC'.\'a
tioll thc lunds of Gel'many's neighbors, It is fair lind just that
Germany should do her part to repail' that devastation, Most of the
. victims of Nazi aggression were before the war less well off than
Germany, They should not be expected by Germany to beal', nll
aided, the major costs of Nazi agl!resSioll, .
~ t hereiure, is
T HI n .
,
O're.en1e.m on (tel11llltal'lZa
prinei lIE'S outlined j'
a: ( reparatlOll:', Howenr, t!JeTe shoul( e c HInges II Ie
of llI( usryngreed upon by the, A,llied Control Commission if Ger
many,is not to be adllliliisterC'd .'IS an ecollomic. uuit as the Potsdam
A~reelllel\t contemplat('s and requires, ,
The basis of the Pot.sdam Agl'eC'll1ent, \,as that, as part of a combined
pl'oll'ralll of delllilitul'izat iOlll\l\d repal'll,tiollS, Germany's wm' pot.ent-ial
should be reduced by elimination lllld rC!lloval of hel' war indust.ries
and the l'l'dnction undl'emo\'al of lJeavy indllstrial plants, It. Wllscon,
this should be done to the point t.hat Germany would be left
lel'(;'ls of industry capable of maintaining- ill Germany average
Europf'all li\'ing standards without, assistance from otlwl' ('o!lnt.ries,
Thf' plants so to he I't'lliol-NI were to he d~liverpd as rl"paTations to
t hI" ,A 11 i(',~, ThE' pIa Ilts to he'I'Pl1lol'ed fl'OlH the Sm'iet ZOII~ would go to
the SOI'iet. lhlioll and Poland and the plants to be removed from t,he
WE'stt'1'Il ZOIlE'S would go ill p:llt to the SOI'iet, Union but. in the main
the western Allies, Pl'oYisioll was also made f(lI' the dist.ribut.ion
Gel'lllltny's fOl'C'ign ass(>.(s anIOn/! the J\ II j es,
.'
,\ftex'considel'ahle disell!;'sioll the A lIips agret:(ll1)Joll 1("I'('ls to which
t.he Ill'illeipal German ill(lustriC'.s "hollitl he reclllct'c1 ill onler to ealT.'\'
-Potsdam AgrePllll'nl, Tlwsp· h'I'pls wrn~ ll,!!rppd to upon thn
Ihat Ihe indigt'llOlI>' ['('S'lIln'(',; of G('l'Inall:r were to be
fo!' (listl'ibllt,ion on flll eqnitalJl(' bnsis fol' all of t.he GE'I'Ill:lIlS
ny and that I'rndllcts nol' lH'('{'",:;ary for lI~e in GC'l'Il111IlY would
be :I1"nibble for l'xport in order to pay fo!' necC'>'snry illlportf',
.
In fixing- the 1('\'C'l" of ill(l11stry 110 allowilllce W:lS mad£: for l'epnl'll'
tion;: fmlll' {'lllTC'nt prmllldioll, .Hepar:tf i(111;< from CIlIT(,llt- \lrodlll
\Yould Ill' \l'holly in('olllp:llihh' \I'ilh I II{' "'\'('I~ of indllf'1 1',\' 11011' ('Slab.
lishe(1 Hndel' Ihe Pot8{lalll '
DOCUr,U:NTS ON m;RMANY, 19014-5\1
37
Ob\'iom;ly, higlter Icn))" of industry \\'()uld l:a\'(~ h:td to he fixed if
reparations frolll Cllrrellt production \Ycre contemplated, The leyels of
indnstry fixed an~ only ,sufficient to enablc the Gerlllllll people to be,
COIllE" s(llf,slIpporting and to maiutain living stand:m\s approxinillting
the average l!;uropellnlivingcollditiolls,
.
TIHlt l)l'inci lIle ill volves serious hardsh i[Is foJ' t.he German people,
but, it on y requires them to sham the hardships which Nazi uggression
illl posed on the It vCl'Il/!e EUI'opc:ln,
The German Iwople wel'c not denied, howe\'er, the possibility of
improving theil' lot by hard work o\'E?r the years, Indnstrial growth
and progress wen' !lot dcnied Ihell!, Being oblige(1 to start ngnin like
t he people of 0(\[(\1' dm'astated eountries, with a pe:\eetillle econolllY
1I0t, able to prol'ide t helll 11100'e than the averngc European stllndard,
t.he German people \\'el'e not to he denied the right. to use slIch· savings
a,s thE'.Y might he :tille to !l('clllllulate by hard \\'ol'k alld frugal living to
build up t,heir ill(lustries f01' peaceful purposes,
That, was the principle of I'eparat.ion to which President. Tnnnan
agreed-at Potsdnlll, AlI(1 the United States will not. agrce to the tal{
illg fl'OIlI (lcrlllllll), of greater reparations than was lirovidcd by the
Potsdalll Ag-reelll('nt
~
, The e:trrying 011t· of the Potsdalll AgTeemcnt has, howevcl', been
obstructed by t.he faillll"
e.\'
'ontrol COl1llcil tr,> take thc
commodit.ies between the
Illa Il ' are
~Olll'erne
.,
w (~Ollli om; \\'hi,.',h nOlI' exist ill Gt'l'lllllllY 111ak(~ it illlpo"sible. fol'
industrial pl'otluetioll to l'eaeh the lerels which thC' occupying powers
agreed were cssC'lltial for a minil11lllll (lerlll<ln jll':l('dilliP. (!COl W Illy,
Ol.violl"ly, if t.he H!!l'I'e(t 1('\'(·ls of indusil'\' aI'(' to bt' I'('aclwd, we ,':m·
!lot ('.ontiillW tOl'e;;t'l'iet Ih(, fn!c (~,'(('h:lng(' (If COIIlIIIO<litips. pel'solls, and
itlp:lS throllghollt, nC'l'I11:tny, TI:C' 1l:ll'l'i('rs \wtweell t III~ fOlll' ZOllPS
{,I' ( :('1'111:1 Ill' a 1'1' fa I' 1ll0J'(l ,llllie,lll!, I() "Ii nllOUIiI I Ii:lll t 1:00'" hnlln'(!1l nol'
1I1:t-! illdt')ll"ndellt "!a\(',,,
The t.ime has COliI(', whell I,he zona,l bOlllldal'ics should be I'egarded
the IIn'aS t(! lw, O(":llpied for "c('.lIl'it.y plll')lOSE?S by t.he
the oecupylllg; powers ami not as sejf'Gontallleci eeo
nOlllil:. 01' p()litit;all!1lit~,
'111M, \\':\" tilt,
:\gl'p(,IlIt'nl, an(
·Hlll)!1 . ;.!l _____'
"()111'~('
�38
nOCT;i\IF:NTS ON GER:lfANY.
1!l44-;;!l
(JoYl'l'lllllcn!. intends to follow to the full limit. of its llutliOl'itv. 1t
bas formally announced tllat. it- is its int('lltioll to \lllifY tIl(' e"()t!olllY
of it;;; OWl! ione with any or all of the other Wilt'S will'iJlg topartiet:
put!" ill t.he uilification.
.
So far only thc Bl'iti~h Gonol'llmellt. has agreed to lpt. its wile pal'
ticiplltc. \Ye (keply appreciate their cooperatioll. Of course, this
policy of lI!)ilkat.ioll is not illte!l(led to exclude the gOYCrmIlcnts not
now willing to jOil!. The unificat.ion will be open. to them at nnyt.ime
they wish to join.
\Vc favOl' the 011 lIie unification of GerlnulI\'. If completc uni
el'eryt ling ill our power to
ficatIOll cannot be SE't'urec, lYe s H .
secure the maximulll possible unificatioll.
I III pOl'tanl·. as .1'11('. N'onolilic llilifiention is for t.he I'ccovcry of Ger
1l1any and of Ellmpe, I h(l <Tel'mall l}(,o[lh~ IIII1Rt. I'el'o!!nizl' I hal. Ill('
basic camw of their suffering and distress is the war which t.he Nazi
dictatorship brought upon the world.'
,
But. just because su1i'cl'ing and distress in Germany are inevitable,
the AlIlE'l'ican (iOYC1'llll1Pllt is unwilling to accept respollsibilit.y for
the needless a 0'0"1'1 " ' 1 of economic.. clistl"PSS t.hnt is caused b' the
failul'l' oCT IC ; Hied COlltro CounCI to agree 0 0'11'
peo]i1e a chane to so Vl' some 0 lelr mos ,urgen ec
ms,
, ·1e Con
ouncil
So far as lIlan~' VItal q u e : ,
is neit·her crovel"lll!lg (iel"ln::ny 1101' all()\YinO' Germ:m 0 O'OVE"l itself.
j
common ltal',
ICY lS esspntwl 0]" le successful reha 1 ita
tion of Gtil"llWllY, RUIl!!,,:ay inflation accompanied by economic
is almost ('('I'tnill to devclop Ulll(lsS there is 1t COnUll011 finall
eial pillie.,' <lil'pcted to the. control of inflation. A program of drastic
fiscal I'l'f01'1ll t.o j'clliwe CllIT('.nl'·Y and monetnry claims, to rcvise t,h(1
deht, stl'tldul'c, and to vIae\'> Germany Ol\ a sound fiuaneia 1 basis is
required,
itpd Stah'" has wOl'kpd hard to develop slIt'h a program,
bnt fully eool'd i lIa tNI ll)('aSlll'{,s nUl~t bE' aecepted a lid a I'pl i('d ulli
fOl'lllly to all zonE'S if ]'uillOn>i inflaliOlI is to hE' pl'PYPllt!'(L A ('elltl'lll
agency of tin:lllee is o\n'iou;;;ly ll('('t'~sa]'y to ("alTY out. allY sueh pro,
grlllll etrertiw\y,
It is also {'"sP!ltial that transportatioll, ('Olllnillnil'atiolls, :llld _
senil'l's "ll!Hlld it!' (ll'!!aniz('d tliI'OIl!!llDut. G('rlll:lIlY wit.hout 1'l'!!:1l'd
to zonal hal'riprs, 'I'll(' llMioll-\\ idi, Ol'g'llllzatiol; of tlif'se »llbli(·
sen icE's "as cOlltellllllated hy tit!' l'ot~dHIlI Agret'nH'nt. Twelve lllonth"
hnn' p:lssl'd alld not lill~ itas !ll'('11 .]011('.
Germany needs all the food shp call pl'odu('(>, B('fol'(, Ihp \\ar "hI'
cOlllcl not' pl'oduce Pll{>H;.rh food for h('1' populatioll, TIll' al'P:I of
(jPl'llI:tny has 1.('('11 I'Nlul'l'd. '1'1)(' pO),lIlalioli ill :-;ilpsia., fol'
has 11('('11 fOJ'('pd IIll<'k ililo :I n'sll'i('\cd (;(,1'lI1:lIIL ,\nllips of oeclI
:tnd di!-'Illa,'pd ),(,I'S')lI=, illl'j'('!lse dpJII:llld!-' ""hill' 01(' lad, of l'al'llI
fl'l'l iliz('1' I'I'<ln('(".;; "1I)lpli(',~. '1'" SI'('111'1' tIll' gn';dl'sl
ion 01' food :llId 1111' niOst ('Jrl'din'll;;p alld di,;;trililitilln
of 1I1l' food thai {'all h,' prod 11('('11, ,I ('I'llll'al atilllilli,,( ral in' <1"l):1I'1
llleltt fol' n~Ti('1I111lI'f' sholild b(' S('t lip and nlloll'l'rl to funclion \\'ithollt
, 11i(,1'e is Ilq!Pllt 11('('d 1'01' IIll' ;:pllillg lip of n \'t'nl !':! I UPI"
lllan mllllini;:tl'at.il'E' agl'llI'y fo!' illdllstl'), nlll] fOI'('igll ll'H(h,. "'hile
Germany Illust· he prepared t·o share her coal and steel with the
I>OC{:lIIEXTl'i 0); GER:llA,,/Y,
1944-50
39
iiberaln[ coHlltries of Europe dependent npon thos(' suppli('s, GCI"
lllany IIIl1"t lip I:'lIalllNl to II~(, Iter skills and hel' 1~llergip~ to iIH'l'PUSC
her IlldllSll'ial pI'mtuctioll alld to ol'gnnizp the most ell'eel i"e llse of
her I'a II' materia Is.
GerllwllY llIllSt bc I!i\'ell n ehance to f'xl'Ol't .!!oods ill onl(,l' to illlpol't
ellough to make lit'l' ('COllOlilY self-slIstaining,' (:PI'lWIllY is II part. of .
lind rCI:Oyerv ill ElII"ope, .1Inu pal'tic.lllal'ly ill the states ml
be slo\l' indl!ed i I' Oel'lll:lny with hE'r gl'('at
eolt! is IIU'llPd into ,t poorhousp,
\Vhen the I'lltliless Nazi didntorship was forced to sUlT('llder un
condit.ionally, there \l'as no Gel"llIltll gm'cl'lllllctlt with which tIlE' Allies
eOIll<t dell I. The.\ llil's liad tcmporarily to tak(' ov('r the. l'espollsi
Ililities o/' Hw shalll'I'(,d (i('mllll) statl', whil'htl!e Nazi dictatorship
had (,lit. off frolll nlly !,rellllillc uccounlability to the German peoplc,
The Allips could not, leave t.he lcauers 01' milliolls of Nazism in key
posit.iolls ready to rem;serf. their evil illfluence at the first opportunity,
Thcy had to go,
But. it neyer was the intentioll of thc AJIlcriCHn ' V.I'llIllent. o deny
irs as
lell' own inte' ",LA
to tlietit'rman
e reso
with
sped. fo], human rIg 1 s am lIIl( amenta I'eee OlliS,
The Potsdalll Agt'eemE'llt., cOllel udi>rl only It few llJonth:.; II ft!'!' the
S!llTE'IHJ"l', ilOlWd tlle occlJpying powers to restore local sclf-g-ovcl'll'
ment and to introduce elective and represclltative principles into the
rl'giollal,' pf'()\'illcial, and state. atllllinistrntioll :1;;; rapidly as was COll
sistent. I"illl militarv security lIlld the pllrposcs of the military
\)]'illl'ipal IJlI],POS('.." of t.he ll1ilil:!]'.\' O(Tllpal'.ioll w('n' amI an' to
demilitarize and dc.Nazify Gcrmflny hilt. not 10 mise ltl'l ifi('ialll:llTicl's
10 the etforts of tIm Gerlllan people to resuw(, thcir peacet.ime ('collomie.
Ii fe,
The Nazi war (,.I'illlillals were to be, plIlIislte(t for the slltfering: thflY
hl'Ollght. t.o the world. The policy of reparatious and indllstrial dis
armament prescribed in tllP. l'otsilalll AgrcelllPllt. was to he ('al'ried out.
Btl
' Jose of thecu llItiOIl did Ilot cont(,lIlplntn a jll'O]ollged
fOrE'j~nLuiJ' '
's )('a(' ,
0 I • OJ" a PI'O oll.!!nd
foreign didaJol'shi J of nel'lnallY's III {'I' I, po JllI'lI I L '
,
dall!'" UTpPIlWII, PX )I'P, ' "
" le
'll!" 1)()ln'r~ to sfad hnild
illO"
' .. '.' ' l l l tilE' £rI'olll1,lnp.
ThE'. Potsdam Agreement did llot prov\( e that thH(l ShOllld J!fll"er be
a t'pnt.J"nl OCJ"Ill!ln g:oYCl'lll1lpnt; it. merely pl'ol'ided that fOI' t.IIP time
]wing I'IIPI'(' sholllli he II!) c(,Htnd Gel'lllall!!O\'cl'lIlllellt, ('('!'tainly this
(JlIl\' Illl'Hllt lhat 110 ('elltr:d !!o\'l'nllllPllt,slioll/,1 hc ('st:ahlislwd IIlltil some
s()J+ of d('1l10l'l'Ilpy was I'o{;h~d ill t.he soil of Gel'ln:llll' amI SOJlte s(,lIse
of If)!,:! I!'('spolisihility (l('n~loped,
'!'lIn l'otstlalll ,\.gl'l'l~Ill(,IIL wisply IJI'OI'idl'd fhilt :ldillillisll'al iOIl of
til(' Hlrail's of (;(,I'lll:tll\' shonld Iw ilin'ctml tOI\':tl'd <lcl'elltralizatioll of
Ihe. pol il ir:d st l'lI('IIIJ"e a lid illp dCI'('lopIllcni of lora I J"pspollsibilit.y.
ThiR WllS not. illh'llcled to pl'l'.\,pnt progress toward a ('clltm1 gO\,(,!l'll
'1I1l'1l1 willi tin' powers lIeepssa!',\' to deal willt lIlath'l:> whi('h would hI'.
drait with Oil n nation-widc hasis, But it InIS intended to »J'("'ellt
11m ('stablisIiIlH'Ilt. of a Stl'Ollg' cplllra 1 gOI'CJ'lIlllelIt domillatillg' the
GCl1llilll ]>l'ople instelld of beillg l'('spollsible to theil' (lell1oc!'lltie will.
�."'>.~':<!"'.
40 '
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY, 1944-59
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY, 1944-69
It is the view of the Amerk.an Government th:tt the German people
throughout Germanr., under proper safeguards, should now be given
the prImary responsIbility for the running of their O\vn affairs.
More than a yendlas passed since hostilities ceased. The millions
of Germall people should not be forced to live in doubt as to their fate.
It is the view of the American Government that the Allies should,
without delay, make clear to the Germall people the essential terms
of the peace settle.lllent w~ich they expect the German people to accept
and observe. It IS our vle'V that the German people should now be
permitted and helped to make the necessn~ preparations for setting
up of a democratic German government willch can accept and observe
these terms.
From now on the thoughtful people of t.he world will judge Allied
action in Germany not by Allied promises but by Allied performances.
The American Government has supported and will continue to support
the necessar~ measures to de-Nazify and demilitarize Germany, but it
does not beheve that large armies of foreign soldiers or alien bureau
crats, however well motivated and disciplined, are in the long run the
'most reliable guardians of another country's democracy.
All that the Allied governments can and should do is to lay down
the rules under which Germall democl'fLcy can govern itself. The
Allied occupation forces should be limited to the number sufficient to
see that those rules are obe~ed.
.
But of course the questIon for us will be: What force is needed to
make certain that Germany does not r('arm as it did after the 'first
World War~ Our proposal for a treaty with the major powers to
enforce for 25 or even 40 years the demilitarization plan finally agrlled
upon ill the peace settlement would have mnde possible a sm!tller
arm of occupation. For enforcement we could rely more upon a force
of t.rained inspectors and less upon infantry.
For instance, if an automobile factory, in violat.ioll of the treaty,
converted its machinery to the productioll of weapons of war, in
spectors would report it, to the Allied Control Council. They would
call upon the German Government to stop the product.ion and punish
the offender. If the German Government failed to comply then the
Allied nations would tnke steps to enforce compliallceby the German
Government.. Unfortunately our proposal for a treaty was not agreed
to.
'
Security forces will probably h:we to remain ill Germany for a long
period. I wallt no misunderstanding. lVe will not shirk Olll' duty.
We are not withdl'llwinO'. ViTe Ilre staying here. As long as there is
an occnpation army ill Germany, American armed forc('s will be part
of that occupation army.
.
The United States favors the early eRtablishment of It provisional
German government for Germany. Progl'ess has been made in the·
American zone in developing locnland state self-government in Ger
many, and the American Government believes similar progress is pos
sible in Rli zones.
It is the view of the American Government t.hat the provisional
go\·el"lllllent. shollld not. be handpicked by olhCl' govcl'I1 men ts. It
should he a Gerlllan national council composed of the democmtically
I't'spoll><ihll' III ill iiitcr pJ'(Osidellts OJ' otllt'.]' ehief officials of t h(' Reyeral
states or provinces which haw been established in each of the four
ZOIl!'ii.
!
41
Snbjl~ct to tha. reserved lLuthodty of the Allied Contl'Ol Coullcil, the
Gerlllan National Council should be responsible for the proper func
tioning of the central administrative agencies. Those agencies should
have adequate power to assure the administration of Germany as an
economic unit) as was contemplated by the Potsdam Agreement.
The German Nat.ional Council should also be clmrged with the
preparation of a draft of It federal const,itut.ion for GermallY which,
amoll* other things, should insure the democratic character of the
new uermany and the human rights and fUndamental freedoms of
all its inhabitants.
.
After approval in principle by the Allied Control Conncil, the
pl'Oposed constitution should be submit.ted to an elected convention for
final dmftiug and then submitted to the Gennan people for ratifica
t.ion.
While we shall insist. that Germany observe the principles of peace,
O'ood-neighborliness, and humanity, we do not want Germany to
G;come the satellite of any power or powers or to live under a dic
t.atorshi p, foreign or domestic. The Americnn people hope to see
peaceful, democrat.ic Gernmns become and remain free and in
dependent.
Austria has already been recognized as It free and independent
country. Her temporary and forced .ullion with Germany was not a
happy event for either country, and the United States is convinced
that it is ill the interest of bOth countries und the peace of Europe
t.hat they should pursue their separate ways.
At Potsdam specific areas which were part of Germany were pro
visionally assigned to Ule Soviet Union and to Poland, subject to
t.he final decisions of the Pence Conference. At that time these areas
were being held by t.ho Soviet and Polish armit'.'3, We were told
t.hat GerllliLIIs in Inrge numhers were fleeing from I lIese areas and that
it would in fact, because of the feelin!-,'S Ilroused by the war, be difficult
to reorganize the economic life of tht'S8 areas if they were not admin
ist.ered as integml parts in the one CIlRe of the Soviet. Union and iIi
.
the ot.her elIse of Poland. .
The heads of government. agreed t.o support l~t. the peace settlement
.the proposIti of t.he Soviet. Gnvernmellt conc.el'lling the ultimate trans
fer to the Soviet. Union of t,he city of Konigsberg and the area ad
jacent. toO it. Unless the Sodet Government changes its views on the
subject. we will cet·tainl.}' stand by our agreement.
'With regnrd to Silesia. and other eastern German areas, the assign
ment of this territory to Poland by Russia for administrative pur
poses had taken place before the Potsdam meeting. The heads of
government agreed .tha.t, pending the finn! determination of Poland's
wt'stern fl'Ont.Jer, Slip-sill. and other eU..'3tern German areas should be
u ml!' I' the administration of the Polish stnle Ilnd for snch purposes
should not he considered a!\ a part of the Soviet ZOfi(~ of occupation
in Gel'many. Howeyer, liS the Protocol of the Potsdam Conference
mal{es clear, the heads of government did 1I0t agree to support at. the
peaceset.tlemenf the cession of this pfLItielllnr area.
The Soviets and the Polo.<; sufi'el'cd greatly nt t.he hands of Hitler's
invading' armies. As II. result of the agreement. at Yalta, Poland ceded
to the Soviet Union territory east of the Curzon Line. Because of
t.his, Poland asked for rm'ision of her northern and western' frontiers.
�".~~~":;"""
42
DOCUMENTS OK m;IBIANY,
[1I4-1-5!)
TheUllited States will f'npjlol't a l'PI'i;:ioll of t-i1t'''l' fl'olllil'l':' ill I'ol:!!ld';:
fa\'or, HoweY!'l', the extcllt of flip an'a to !.p.l't,t!t,d to Poland 1lI1l"t. Iw
dekl'lIJilled 1I'11I'li 11ll' lillal ~('t,lh'ilI!'llI is agn'l'd UPOIl,
The United Sliltl'S dol's nilt fepl IItHt ii, ('all riP-II)' to Fl'allt'l', which
has beeJl ill"aded three tillll'S by Germany illiO yea!';;, its claim to tIlt'
Saar ten'itory, whoti{' ecollomy has IOllg heell clo"ely linked witlt
Frallce, Of com'se, if the Saar telTitory is integ-rated with Ft'allce sltl'
shll~IIr1l'eadjtlst he~' reparation chi!H~ :tg-l\~lst, Germany, '
hXl'cpt, as h!'re mdlcatetl, ihe {'lilted ~tat('" \\"111 lIot Stlpport, :lily
elll'l'oaeilllH,'llt, Oil t.el'rilory which is imlisptltably Gel'lllilll or nll)'
rlil'ision of Oennllny II'hich is not l!eJltlinely desired by the people
('olwel'lU'(1. ~() fal' ;I" I Itt' {:Ilii"d ::-:laiPs' i" aware til!' ppoJllp of Ihe
Hllhr alit! jJw Hhin!'!and dc!;in' tn n?ll1aill IIllited with the rest of
G~I'III:lIIY, ,\lId tllP {:llil,!d ;;;Ia(p.'i is not ~!Oill!! 10 ojJpoC'C',IIH?il' dpsil'P,
,rh iIe til(' IH'ople of t lip HII hi' 1\'\'1't' t lie lasl 10 :iIlC"llIllh IoN :lZiSI II ,
without the l'e.sOlll'('es of thl~ ,Hllhl' Nazi"'Ill'('ouhlllCI'Cl' haye threal(,IIPd
til!? wodel, NeYer l1gflill lIll Iflt, those, 1'('SOn1'<:es he used fol' dest l'llcti\'(~
purposE'S, Thev lHllst,bt' ll~e{1 to relJtlild :t free, peaeefuIG!'l'I11:llIY alit!
a free, peaceful Em'OIH',
The, t'llit.. d Stall''; will f:II'Of' SllI'h ('11111'1'01 PI't'!' tilt'. lI'hole of (leI"
lllallY, including the Huitt' allll the Hhillclanrl, as Ilwy be necessary fOl'
sel't1rity PIll'llI)~t;>'" 11 lI'illllt,]p 10 l'llfol'n' I host;>, {'ollt,mls, Bllt, it Il'ili
not f:lYor rmy eontl'ols thnt would slIoject, thE" HuhI' amI the HhinelalHl
to Dolitiral dominatioll Ill' IIt:111il'lilalioll of olltsid" PO\\'(,I'S,
nel'lllall peoph' an' 11011' f(,l'lill,!! thl' del'aslating eli't'els oj' thl'
lI'al' which Hit!pl' alld hi" lIIiniolls llt:olll!ht IlPOll tlte \\'ol'! <I , OtllPl'
people. felt, thoS<' dCy:)stalill;! elrpds Ion,!! hrfol''', they lI'pre bmu/!ht.
It 011 I" to l,ltL' ppoplt' of (il'l'I!!:!IIX,
,TIm (;"1'1111111 pt~l)pll' 11111,,1 I'P;llizt' tltal ilwa,.; Ilillt'I' alld iii" IHillinll"
wh" Inl'IIIJ'('1! and pxlt'l'lIlill a t!'d illlln"imi 1I1(~1I, 11'0111('11, :IIHI cltiltlt'ell
alld sOIl!rh i I\' i tit '( ;('1'111:1 II a 1'1I1~ I" dOl!lllla II' a lid dl'!rm<l(', i h{, II-arid, Ii
II':lS tho' 1l1:t"S"t/, :t11,!."Pl'l'd fOI'<'I'~ of ltlllll:lIlily lIili;'iI had 10 light, t,heir
11';1,\' illto npl'lll:tIl,l' to gil'p tIlt, 1I'01'Id th!' hnp" of fn'pdollJ alld p,ia('e,
TIl!' .\IlI('riral1 Ill'opl., who fOllght, for fn'l'dolll Itan. 110 dl',.:in' In
L'II"!:lI'I' t lit' (;Cl'Ill:lIl pcop I.., TIlt' fn'pdolll A 1l1('ri(':lllsiJl'l ien', ilia lid
fill' i" a frl'edOll1 II'hi,'1I lJluM be shared 'rith all \\'illill!,f to 1'(>
SIWel, t,llt, fl'Pl'rlolll of ot Itl'l''',
TIll' I 'nit!'d ~t:ltt's has l'ptl1rllp<\ 10 (iE'TIll:ill,l' pn"'l
a II pri;::oll(,I'"
of 1\';11' that \\'PI'" ill thl' I'nitl'd ;;';Iatl'>', ,,~(' ;lI'(' taking
.:;;tep",
to I't'tlll'l1 (lprllJaII Pl'i>=OIIPI';; of lI'al' ill Dill' ('ustody in
pal'ls of
til(' Ilod(!.
TIH~ l-nitpd ~t:Jtp", "alIlIOI, l'pliC'\'{' nrl'1llan," fi-0I11 I hE.' 1I;II'lIships ill.
tlided lIpOIl ht'I' by tIll' 1I':II'll{'l' leadHS stal't\~,l. JIll! I hcd"nited ,states
has Il() dl';;iJ'(' to illITP:l"I~ Ih'l~P hHnlsliil'''' 01' 10 dr.IlY HI('. (;'~I'Il1:1I1
pIp :\11 "l'l'ol'llllli!y 10 1\'(11'1; : h.. il' \\'a~' Ollt of t,!to"" I,anbhips SI)
,as t.iH'Y 1'!':'Pt'('1 hlllll;1I1 rn'"dolll :11111 folio\\' II", p:IIIt,~ 01' 1)(';1"(',
,. Tlw-J..lIl;>ri\'IlIl~"plt, 11':1111 L" n'illl~g"I'(,I'''II'''111 of (I(,I'l1IallY
~to~rl'lll:l~t2,ll.k, Tit!' ,\IlIl'ri":1l1 p(~()plp lI'alll 10 h(>Jp 1l~l'I"
{man IH'ii'fih"Ii' IIT!I !l1t'i:' li'al' 1':11']; 10 all lJolllll':titll' "Ial'(' :1I110I'i-!' III<'
' fl'('e, :lnd I,pa"I'-I",' i Il~! lIal JOIl" of t hr world,
o
1)()Cl'MI';NTS ()" W';Ul\,IANY,
I \l~ -I-,,\l
43
Rl'port hy S('(Tdflry of State Mal's/wll on the Foul'lh Sessioll of
the Council of Foreign Ministers, April 28, 1947 '
('()\':\(,ILOF I'OJ:E!(iX
~II:,\I;-;TEH~
TOlliglil I
10 IlIak(~ ..](':11'11' IlIld('I',lalldnl.tp lit!' flllldalll!'lllal
11111111'" of lit" i":,II('s di;;(,II,.;;;('<I at Ih(, ~1,l.~('''1\' ( 'lIld\~I'l'II{:I', of Foreigll
,\1 ill;,,1 ('I''',
Thi" (',,"1'1'1"'111'(\ "('all, willI IIII'. 1'''1'.1 Ill'al'l "I' Ih .. IWII"I! I'm' II'ltidl
II'\! ai'". ,,11'liggling, II !!pali lI'ilh III(' l'il:tI ('PIII{;I' of 1':111'0(>1'--( ;('1"
111;111,1' :lIId ,\II"II'i:I"":l1I an':! or 1:1l';,!'" ;llId "I,ill .. d pupillal ion, of J,!1'!'al
l'ei'OIII'c('", alit! illtillsll'inl "Ialll", :ill an'a II-hi,'I! I!as Ill'i('" ill 1'('(:(',111
lilliI''; IIl'olll,,d11 IiiI' lI'orld II) lit!' I,l'illl; of (1i",,";I('I" III the MoSt'OIl'
lH'g'tllialioll" all Ih" tliS:lI!I'('I'IlH'IIIS II'hi,'11 11'('1'(' so ('\'idl'lli. durillg III!'
"olli'l'I'I'Il('I'~ 1'('l!al'dilll! lilt,- Jlaliall alld B:'lkallll'l'nli(~';l'alll!\illto!;h:lrp
fO{'lIs :I lid 1'1'lllaillt'd ill 1'1]'1',:1 IIIIS"II'(!d,
1'I'oblt'!1I:: wlti"lt 1"'lIl' "il'p('II\' Oil II!!' fill lin' qf IlIIl'c:i"ili7.aliolll':lIl'
1I0t. hI'. dispo>,,,d of hy !!1'1I(>l'al 'i:dk 01' nlgll(' fOl'llllll:n:-hy II-hat. Lill'
t:ollll':dh'<i "Pl'l'l1il"OIl"; a],~II';Wlioll:'''' Tit,,), I'l'qllil'l~ ('oll''I'(',Ie.so!lIt
for II.'lillil" nllt! I'Xll'(,III('ly "(JIllpli{,:th'd qll!'slioll"--''1 l1l 'l<lioIlS, \y
hal'" 10 do wil II hOllndal'i('s, with 1'''''1'1'1' to 1'1'('1'''111 l11ililal'Y aggl'E's.
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1':11'11'1' of Ill" pl'ohit'lIl!' ;<luHlld II(' 1I1'ldl'l';.;1 ""d, 't o;.!l't 1\('1'
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IIII' IIt'old,' ill Ill<'il' 1t,1l111l''':, :'lIon', ,'o:d for ,\llil'd ('Ollllll'il'S {'allllni hI'
Illilll'" :11,,1 " .. lil"'I'<'d 11111 il nil' d:il11:Il[('d lIIill(,S, IIlill!' lII:wIiill('I'\', I'ail.
1'0:1<1 ""II'lIllllli,'alioll" :lIullik.. f:lt'iliiil',- an' 1,,'ltnhilil;t!t'IL Thi~ l'l'ha.
Thj' FIIIII"ttl S~·~j.:l .. ft Hf Ih., {:'IIlI!"lI '\';I.~' h.-\01 III ~fq~I'''w
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U'-
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIVIL .AND MILITARY GOVERNlmNT
\
171
Atter the three.state governments were established and functioning, and
their organ of coordination, the Laenderrat, had been created, Military Govern
ment was in a position to turn greater responsibilities over to their consti
tuted German authorities. The first directiv~which follows, lays down the
spheres of activity of the various levels of German authority, and defines the
relation of Military Government in the new situation to those German authorities.
A year later, when the new state constitutions were adopted by the people in the
three states, a new directive was issued which defines the relationships Which
are now existing between military and civil government in the American Zone.
Both directives show the evolution of American supervisory' practice during the
period when German government was being rebuilt and placed on a democratic basis.
1
HEADQ.UARTERS
UNITED STATES FORCES, EUROPEAN THEATER
Office of Military Government (uaZone)
SUBJECT:
TO
(
Action to Strengthen German Civil Administration in the U.S. Zone.
Director, Office of Military Government for:
Western .Military District;
Bavaria;
Greater Hessen;
WUrttemberg-Baden
I. The steps which we have taken to accomplish this objective of requiring
German Authorities'to exercise responsibility for the operation of the machinery
of government make it necessary that the Minister Presidents of the several
States be fully informed of their responsibilities and the powers which they may
exercise and of the control which will be maintained by Military Government. . The
information given in the succeeding paragraphs of this letter will therefore be
transmitted to such Minister presidents:
1. Relationship of Military Government to the German Authorities. The
relationship between MilItary Government and the German autHorItIes Is based upon.
the establishment of an autonomous state government in the three states of the
United States Zone subject to a centralized Military Government control applied
at the local state government leyel.
2. Constitution of Lander. Three Lander were constituted in the U. S.
Zone for German,.. b,.. the Theater Commander's Proclamation No.2.
Government.
Provisior. was made for each,
and judicial powers, the
state gover~ent to exercise all powers and responsibilities formerly exercised
by the state and in addition, within the state, the powers formerl,..exercised b,..
the Reich government. The State government is composed of functional Ministries,
responsible for the performance of all functions, including those formerly per
formed therein by Reich agencies. Such Ministries are subordinate to and account
able to the Minister President, who in turn is responsible to the Director, office
of Military Government for the state (Land) • .
~~~~~~~r-==Trr-~ex=,~e~cu~tTv~.~e~,~~e~g~s~ative,
�.p. . . . . . . .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
172
(
The state
a. Executive Functions. The Minister President and his functional
Ministers have the right to appoint all officials within the state subject to the
prior approval of Military Government with respect to political reliability. This
power will not, however, be allowed to interfere with the authority of representa
tive bodies when such are chosen by elective process. Until revised Civil Ser
vice legislation is produced and put into effect, all appointments and all reten
tions in office are on a temporary basis •. However, removals will not normally be
eff~cted except for cause.
b. Legislative Functions.
i
(1) Subject to the authority of Military Government each state is
given full legislative, judicial and executive powers except as the exercise
thereof would be in conflict with actions'heretofore or hereafter taken by the
Control Council for Germany or any central German authority established by it.
The authority of the Landrate, mayors, and other local officials to enact legis
lation and exercise. other governmental power to the same extent to which they had
such authority under German law in force at the time of the occupation, as from
time to time modified by the Control Council for Germany or by or with the ap
proval of Military Government, is recognized and additional authority is given
where necessary or appropriate to carry out the tasks with the performance of
which they are charged by Military Government.
(2) All legislation issued by German authorities at any level will
be issued upon their sole responsiQility and no such German legislation shall
contain anything which would indicate or might be construed to indicate that it
was issued in. the name of or having the approval of Military Government.
(3) Until such time as it is possible to establish democratic insti
tutions it is sufficient for the validity of state legislation that it be. approved
and promulgated by the Minister President.
.
(4) The issuance of legislation by a Lander or its subdivisions is
subject to the prior clearance of the Office of Mil1tary Government for such Land.
(5) Kreis legislation need not be examined by Military Government
prior to its issuance but copies will promptly be forwarded to the Office of
Military Governmen~ by the local authority at the time of issuance. The repeal
of any such legislation which is in conflict with the policies of Military Govern
ment will be directed.
(6) All legislation will be 3udged on the basis of the objectives.
sought and not on the basis of.the machinery devised for their accomplishment.
Comparable legislation to be adopted by. two or more states, will, however, so far
as feasible, follow a Common pattern.
.
c. Judicial Functions •. Justice w11l.be adminis·tered in German courts in
accordance with the princIples announced in Control Council Proclamation No.3.
The administration of the Judicial system is under the control of the state
Minister of Justice, and its organization, composition and operation is provided
for by. the "Plan for the Administration of Justice in the U. S. Zone." The ad
ministration is subject to .the limitations imposed by Military Government Law
No.2 and orders heretofore or hereafter. issued by Military Government.
.
�173
t
\
5. Interstate Coordination. The division of Germany into 4 zones of oc
cupation and the further divisIon of the United States Zone into 3 states subject
to no higher German auth,"'ri ty creates the problem of effective coordination and
control within each zone for the various special administrative services which
formerly came under direct control of the central government. The various state
offices require coordination with other state offices performing similar functions.
This is particularly true in the field of economics, transportation, communica
tion, etc. To meet this problem a Council of Ministers has been created and a
Joint Coordinating Staff for all Lander and for the various national administra
tive services has been established wi.th a Secretariat at Stuttgart. Meetings of
the Council of Ministers will be held from time to time for the purposes of ex
. changing ideas and experiences, discussing plans for strengthening their respective
government, especially in the direction of supervision over the special adminis
trative services, and preparing a plan for the Joint Coordinating Staff to serve
all state governments and all national functioning agencies. The Joint Coordi
nating Staff will provide the exchange of information and studies necessary to
keep all aspects of German government in the United States Zone working in unison.
Such staff will be composed of German functional- experts in the various fields,.
will be small and will in no sense be considered a zone authority.
6.- Exercise of Military Government Authority.
a. At the earliest possible date and not later than 31 December, 1945,
Military Government authority over German authorities will be exercised at the
level of the state governments and all instructions to German authorities from
Military Government authorities will be through the Minister President and the
functional ministers of their respective states.
.
b. To complete the organization for the coordination and control with
in the United States Zone of the various administrative services formerly under
the direct control of the German central government and now the responsibility of
the 3 states, a regional government coordinating office has been .establishedas
an agency of the Deputy Military Governor • . Additional purposes of the Regional
Government Coordinating Office are to control and 'supervise the German joint co
ordinating staff, to approve or disapprove the recommendations of the Joint Co
ordinating Staff which have been approved through normal Military channels to the
U. S. Military Government personnel concerned and to insure that approved recom
mendations of the coordinating staff are carried out uniformly within.the U. S.
Zone. The Regional Military Government coordinating staff will be located at the
site of the Joint Coordinating Staff and the relationship of the Joint Coordinat
ing Staff and the Regional Government Coordinating Office will be the same as
that of a state government to the Office of Military Government for such state.
c.Military Government will, to the extent available, render 8,ssist
ance in the provision of necessary transportation and communication facilities,
including the issuance of special passes to the higher German governmental
officials.
II.
1. If the German Lander governments appointed by Military Government are
to be successful in the administration of their respective Lander under the pro
cedure outlined herein and in accordance with United states policy, it must be
evident to all that they have the full confidence and support of the,Milltary
Government.
.
2. It is believed that this can be attained only when our own Military
Government controls. are exercised through the three Minister Presidents. Within
the field of Lander responsibility, it is therefore essential that at the earliest
practical date and not later than 31 December 1945, orders, instructions and
interpretations of policy by Military Government be issued to the German govern
mental machinery by the Lander Office of Military Government through the several
�174
Minister Presidents. Suoh instruotions should pass to the lower element of German
government through the German administrativemaohinery. Copies should be fur
nished to all of our field offioers below the Lander Offioe of Military Government
for information so that they may properly observe oomplianoe by the Germans with
suoh instruotions. Violations of polioy, however, should not be oorreoted through
lesser German offioials, exoept in oases of real emergenoy, but will be reported .
by our field offioes of the Lander Offioesof Military Government so that remedial
measures may be required of the Minister-Presidents.
3. Prior to eleotions and subsequent to eleotions for appointed offioers,
future appointments of German offioials should be made by the Minister President,
subjeot of oourse to the approval of Military Government. Minister Presidents
should also be given the right of removal exoept that no offioial appointed by
Military Government should be removed exoept for oause and then only with the
approval of Military Government.
4. A oonstant effort must be made to improve the transportation, oommuni
oation, 'and offioe faoilities available to the Lander offioials. Speoial passes
should be given to the Ministers and suoh other key offioials as appear desirable
to permit their free and unrestrioted passage throughout the United states Zone.
They must be provided with suffioient dignity of offioe to impress their responsi·
bility upon the German people.
(
5. In general, the instruotions to Minister Presidents should be oonfined
to the fullest extent possible to the delineation of polioies and should avoid
detailed instruotions as to the ex~oution of suoh polioies. The German Lander
Governments should be required to prepare and present plans for exeoutionof
polioy for the approval of Military Government. The aotion of Military Govern
ment on suoh plans should be based only on the oomplianoe of the proposed plans
with United states policy and not on its views of the effioienoy of the plan.
The 'effioIenoy of German government Is not in itself our responsibility exoept as'
a laok of effioienoy interferes with the exeoution of approved United states
polioy. A blghly effioient German administrative maohine oannot be expected un
til the maohine has gained more experience in the administration of Government.
2
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT 'FOR GERMANY (U. S.)
offioe of the Military Governor
30 September 1946
__
_.. .._._-----_. ---
SuBJECT: Relationships Between Military and Civil Government (U. S. Zone) 'Sub
se uent to Adoption of Land Constitutions.
- _.-. - .-
'--'-~-------
'------=:.~..:..:::..:--=-=~~::..:.:::.:..---::...=---=.=:::.:.:~.:.::..:...::~::...::.:::..::..~~--
TO
._---_.--_.-.. -- .... -.-.- "
Direotors,
Offioe of Military Government for Bavaria
Offioe of Military Government for Wuerttemberg-Baden
Offioe of Military Government for Greater Hesse
Offioe of Military Government for Bremen Enclave*
Offioe of Military Government for Berlin District*
Regional Government Coordinating Office
1. U. S. policy requires that the German people be permitted increasingly to
govern themselves. The elections held in ~he U. S. Zone in 1946, and the consti
tutions which. have been adopted are implementations of this polioy. The subse
quent operation of both Civil and Military Governments will be based on this ob
jective.
.
�175
Government HeS. Zone mar s
Civil
clearly understand those re
(
3. S eeific Restrictions Which Will Continue
ments.
e se -governmen
s
e 0 ec· 0 u.
It must nevertheless. be understood that there are
continue to apply to the actions of all levels of civil government in the u. S.
Zone. The basic occupation policies announced from time to time, as in the case
of the Berlin Protocol and Secretary of State Byrnes' Stuttgart speech, will, of
course, continue to be enforced by MIlitary Government. Furthermore, the specific
restrictions set forth below must be considered as superior to the authority of
any German governmental agency, and to both statutory and constitutional law.
Those restrictions are:
.
a. All international agreements regarding Germany which have been or may
be concluded;
lations ;
b. All present and future quadripartite policy decisions, laws and regu
c. All basic policy decisions of the U. S.-British Bipartite Board affect
ing the fields of central agencies;
d. The rights of an.occupying power under international la~ to maintain
an occupying force within the zone, to preserve peace and order, to reassume at
any time full oCQupation powers in the event the purposes of the occupation are
jeopardized;'
'. .
'
e. The specific occupation purposes of the. U. S. Government which, in
addition to those set forth above, shall consist' of the following basic tenets:
(1) Democracy--All levels of German government in the U. S. Zone must
be democratic ~o the extent that:
(a) All political power is recognized as originating with the
people and subject to their control;
(b) Those who exercise political power are obliged to regularly
renew their mandates by frequent references of their programs and leadership to
popular elections;
•
(c) Popular elections are conducted under competitive conditions
in which not less than two effectively c~mpet1ng political parties submit their'
programs and candidates for public review;
.'
,
(d) Political parties must be democratic in character and must be
recognized as voluntary associations. of citizens clearly distinguished from,
rather than. identified with, the instrumentalities of government;
(e) -The basic rights of the individual includIng free speech,
freedom'of religious preference, the rights of.assembly, freedom of political
associat1on,and other equally basic rights of free men are recognized and
guaranteed;
(f) Control over the instrumentalities of public opinion, such as
the radio and press must be diffused and kept fr.ee from gov,ernmental domin_tion;
('
(g) The rule of law is recognized as the individual's greatest
lingle protection against a capricious and _illful expression of governmental
�176
power.
(2) German governmental systems must provide for a judiciary independ
ent of the legislative and executive arms 'in general and of the police activity
in particular. U. S. policy does not demand the rigid separation of legislative
and executive powers. It has no objection to the cabinet or parliamentary type
of government in which the executive and legislative branches are inter-dependent.
Where a governmental sys~em does provide for a separation of the executive and
legislative, there must be no provision which would enable the executive to rule
without the approval and consent of the legislative branch.
(a) All political power is recognized as originating with the
people and subject to their ,control;
(b ) Power shall be granted by the people primarily to the States
(Staaten), and subsequently only in specifically enumerated and limited instances
toa federal government;
(c) All other grants of governmental power by the people shall be
made to 'the States;
(d) All powers not granted by the people shall be reserved to the
people;
(e) A substantial number of functions shall be delegated by the
States to the local governments. These should include all functions which may be
effectively determined and administered by local governments;
(f) Governmental powers may not be delegated to private or quasi
public economic bodies;
(g) Pending the establishment of a federal government. the popu
larly responsible governments and Landtage of the States shall act as the people'S
agents for the conferring of powers requiring central execution upon such transi
tional federal or central body or bodies as may be agreed upon by civil government
and military government, or as may be directed b7 the latter.
.
(4) Economic unitf--Economic unity through the establishment of German
central administrative agenc es, particularly in'trade, industry, food and agri
culture, finance, transportation, and communications, is a controlling objective
of our occupation. Pending quadripartite agreement for the establishment of such
agencies, the U. S. Government offered to Join with anyone or two of the other
occupying powers in the establishment of such administrative agencies to cover
such zones as would accept. The adminis'trative agencies now established for the
British and U. S. Zones are an important step toward the economic unity agreed to
by the occupying powers at. Potsdam. Acc,9rdinglI, the furth~ance of their suc
cessful 0lerations is a maJor policy of the U. S. occupation. When agreement is
reachedw th eIther or both ot the other powers for the establishment of German
administrative agencies covering the wider areas involved, the implementation of
such agreements will constitute a part of the fundamental policy of the U.S.
occupation.
f. All limitations upon governmental action which may be set out as
specific qualifications to the approval of the State constitutions;
�177
g. Such proclamations, laws, enactments, orders, and instructions of U. S.
occupation authorities as continue in force or shall hereafter be promulgated.
.
4. Subsequent Functions of Ml1itari -Government .11,1 Be Limited to: . Subse
quent to the adoptIon of these constltu Ions, MilItary Government wIll obtain its
objective by means of:
a.Observation, inspection, reporting and
~dvising;
b. Disapproval of only such economic, social and political and govern
mental activity as it may find to clearly violate those objectives;
c.
Removal of public officials whose public activities are in violation
of those objectives;
d. The establishment of full Military Government controls in any area in
the U. S. Zone where the objectives of the occupation as herein defined or pro
vided for may be endangered;
e. Military Government courts;
f: Direct administration of such activities as demilitarization and
reparations which cannot be assumed entirely by German civil governmental' agenCies
but which are necessitated by inte~national agreements, quadripartite action, or
tT. S. occupation policy.
5. Subsequent directives will implement the foregoing statements insotar as
modifications or revisions in Military Government practices may be required.
[
~.
'
6. The Land Directors ot Military Government will advise the appropriate
German officials of the content ot this directive. It is desirable that the
widest possible distribution to both civil and militaryauthoritie~ be given it.
However, the directive will be considered a restricted document to .be used tor
information of Militar1 Government only until you are subsequently authorized to
release it.
, BY DIRECTION OF THE MILITARY GOVERNOR
�16tLa t- /'rtJJJjj
'.
297
-----------------§§U~~2al~e~m~e~n~t~----
.;
C_---__THE_-H_F~PORT
let L{7
::J
Atter a three weeks' survey of the German (and Austrian)
food condition, made at Mr. Truman's request, Mr. Herbert
Hoover on February 26, 1947, reported to the President as
follows:
At the·time of her surrender, Germany had exhausted ail of her reserves and
most of her stocks of consumer goods and raw materiBls. We now know that, driven
back into her own boundries, she would have blown up in chaos within a short time
without further military action.
Promptly atter the surrender, her liquid resources from which she could have
been provided with supplies were seized and divided as reparations. The popula
tion thus became largely dependent for its life upon the armies of occupation.
It is hardly necessary to repeat that parts of Germany were annexed to Poland
and Russia and that the shrunken territory was divided into four military occupa
tion zones between the Russians, French, British and Americans. The American and
British zones have now been administratively combined, each nation bearing one
half the expense, and this report relates to that area only_
The changes which have taken place in population profoundly affect all eco
nomic problems. ~he population of the combined zones in 1939 was about 34,200,000.
The Germans expelled from the Russian and Polish annexation together with those
from Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Austria, have raised the population in the
American and British zones to about 41,700,000. It is estimated that an additional
1,000,000 will come into this area by December, 1947. There are also about 400,000
British and American military and civil personnel. Thus, the two zones will have
to accommodate about 43,000,000 people, bringing the population approximately
9,000,000 above that in 1939.
The skilled man power and the ratio of working,males in the popUlation have
been greatly affected by the war. For the whole of Germany, ,it is estimated that
5,700,000 were killed or permanently injured. It is also estimated that over
3,000,000 prisoners of war are held in work camps in Russia, 750,000 in France,
400,000 in Britain and 40,000 in Belgium. The detention of large numbers of
skilled Sud,eten German workmen in Czechoslovakia bears on this problem.
As applied to the American and British zones, this represents a present sub
traction of over 6,000,000 of the most vital and most skilled workers. in the popu
lation. Likewise, the 90,000 Nazis held in concentration camps and the 1,900,000
others under sanctions by which they can only ~ngage in manual labor naturally
comprise a considerable part of the former technical and administrative skill of
the country, and the restrictions upon them, however necessary, add to adminis
trative and industrial problems.
One co~sequence of these distortions is that in the age groups between
twenty and forty there are six men to ten women, and in the age group between
forty and sixty, about seven men to ten wo~en. Thus, there are in these groups
between six and seven million more women than men. The results upon productive
power are bad enough, but the consequences to morals are appalling.
HOUSING
The housing situation in the two zones is the worst that modern civilization
has ever seen. About 25 per cent of the urban housing was destroyed by the war.
�;
298
(
Theretore, 25 per cent ot the urban population must tind roots trom among the re
maining 75 per cent, in addition to all the destitute "expellees" and other groups
brought in. There has .been little repair ot damaged houses" due to lack ot
materials and transportation. The result ot all this is that multitudes <are
living in rubble and basements. The average sp'ace among tens ot millions is
equivalent to between three and tour people to a 12 by 12 toot room. Nor is the
overcrowding confined to urban areas, tor the flexpellees ll have been settled into
every tarmhouse. One consequence is the rapid spread ot tuberculosis and other
potentially communicable diseases.
The shortage ot coal is, next to tood, the most serious immediate bottleneck
to both living and the revival of exports to pay for tood. The Ruhr, which is
now almost the sole coal supply of the Anglo-American zones, is, due to lack ot
skilled men and physical vitality in labor, producing only 230,000 tons a day, as
against a former 450,000 tons a day. ot the present production, a considerable
amount must be exported to surrounding nations which are also suttering. The
shortage leaves the two zones without sufticient coal tor transport, household
and other dominant services, with little upon which to start exports in the in
dustry.
The coal tamine allover western Europe and the unprecedented severity ot
the winter have produced everywhere the most acute suftering. As an example in
Germany, no household coal has been issued in Hamburg since October. Other Ger
man cities have been but little better ott.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
It must be borne in mind that about 25 per cent ot the German pre-war tood
production came trom the areas taken over by Russia and Poland. Moreover, the
Russian military zone in Germany was a large part ot the bread basket ot Germany.
Some millions ot tons tormerly tlowed into the American and British zones trom
these areas. These sources now contribute nothing.
The British and American armies and civilians are entirely ted trom home.
The-large Russian army is ted upqn its zone.
Due to a lnck ot tertilizers, good seed, tarm implements and skilled labor,
the 1946 agricultural production in the American and British zones was about,65
per cent ot pre-war. A generalized appraisal indicates that in the American zone
the harvest ot 1946 yielded a supply, beyond the needs ot the tarmers (selt
suppliers), equal to about 1,100 calories a day tor the "non-selt suppliers. ff
The similar supply in the British zone was about 900 calories a day average to
the "non-selt suppliers." These amounts contrast with 3,000 calories ot the pre
war normal German consumption.
With the ettorts being made to improve agricultural production, there is an
expected small increase trom the harvest ot 1947, especially in potatoes (it
better seed is provided in time). The steps which I recommend, hOViGver, should
show greater production from the 1948 harvest.
FOOD DISTRIBUTION
/'
~
.~~ .
This terrible winter, with trozen canals and impeded railway traffic, has
rendered it impossible to maintain even the present lovi basis of rationing in <
~any localities.
The coal shortage and the consequent 'lack of heat, even tor
cooking, has added a multitude of hardships. The conclusions in this report as
to the tood situation are, however, not based upon the effect of this temporary
dislocation but upon the basic conditions, to which the winter has added many
difficulties .
�299
From the tood point ot view the population ot the combined zones has been
divided as below, based upon the German census undertaken last autumn. The table
must not be regarded as precise tor the ditterent gro~s, as the Berlin seotor
was not distributed on the same basis as others. It is, however, accurate enough
tor tood computation purposes.
...
"Selt-suppliers," I. E. tarmers and their tamilies •
7,640,000
"Non-selt suppliers," I. E. urban population:
Prospective and nurSing mothers
• • • • • • •
660,000
• • • • • ••
Children 0-6 years • • • • • • • •
• •.• • • • • • • 3, 07.0 , 000'
Children 6-15 years • • • • • • • • • •
•• • • • • • • •
4,495,000
. Adolescents, 15-20 years. • • '. • • • • • • • • • •
2,100,000
• • •
"Normal consumers," 20 years up • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17,·910,000
Moderate hard workers • • • • • • • • • • .'. • • • • • • • • • • • • 2,500,000
• • •
Heavy workers • • • • ~ '. ••
~ •
• • • • •
1,910,000.
Extra heavy workers • • • • • • •
• • • • • ••
720,000
Displaoed persons • • • • • • • • • •
• • • ••
680,000
Total "non-selt suppliers".
• • • • • • 34,045,000
. ... ... ..
........, .. ...
The population, 2 zones • • • • •
• 41,685,000
The base ration is 1,550calorie.s a person a day to the "normal oonsumer"
group, with priorities and supplements, as the situation requires or permits, tor
other groups. For instance, milk and tats are given in priority to nursing.
mothers and children up to six years otage; more tood, including more meat, is
given in supplement to hard workers, etc. .
'
This basic ration tor the "normal consumer" compares with the minimum tempo
rary maintenance tood intake recommended tor "normal consumers" by eminent
nutritionists. as tollows:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Calories
Present German
283 grams
24 grams
52 grams
1,550
Recommended'Minimum
335 grams
45 grams
65 grams
2,000
Per Cent Deticiency
16
47
20
24
Thus, with the deticiency in quantity and in tats, protein and other nutri
ents, the 1,550 ration is wholly incapable ot sUpporting health ot the groups
which do not have supplements.
NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION
The nutritional condition ot the above ditterent groups, irrespective ot the
immediate consequences ot the hard Winter, is:
,
.
(a) The 7,640.000 selt-suppliers are, naturally. in good condition.
(b) The supplements and priorities in special toods given to 3,730,000 pro
spective and nursing mothers, and children under six years ot age, appear to be
enough to keep ~hem in good condition.
(c) More than halt ot the 6,595,000 chjldren and adolescents, especially in
the lower-income groups, are in a deplorable condition. Their situation is bet
ter in limited localities where school teeding has been undertaken, but outside
these limits stunted growth and delayed development are widespread. In some
areas tamine edema (actual starvation) is appearing in the children. A study
ot groups ot boys bet~een the ages ot nine and sixteen years showed 5.5 lbs. under
minimum standard weights, with girls 5.1 lbs. below such standard. Other groupe
etudied showed even Worse conditions.
(......
J
�(
300
(d) A cons iderable part of the "normal consumer'· group of 17,910,000 is like
< wise in deplorable condition.
This group comprises the light physical workers and 1s in large majority
women * and many are aged. . Some portion of this group <are able to supplement the
1*550 calories ration 'by purchase of some supplies from the black market* from
the free markets in the vegetable seasons, and from package remittances. <Some
part of this group are too poor to purchase even the 1,550 calories ration. '
In any event, a large part of the group shows a steady. loss of weight, vital
ity and ability to work. A study in the British zone shows urban adult males
over 19 pounds and females nearly 5 pounds under proper weight. A study in the
American zone showed from 5 to 20 pounds under proper weight. Famine edema is
showing in thousands of cases, stated to be 10*000 in Hamburg alone. The in- .
creased death roll among the aged is appalling. In persons over seventy, in three
months last autumn the increase was 40 per cent.
'
(e) While the workers' rations* due to supplements, are perhaps high enough
in themselves, yet the universal tendency is for the worker to share his supple
ment with his wife and children, and therefore it does not have its.full effect
in supplying energy for the worker himself.
'
(f) The 680,000 displaced persons are about one-third in the British zone
and two-thirds in the United states zone. In the British zone they receiVe the
German ration only. In the United States zone they receive supplements which
amount to 700 calories a day, so there can be no doubt as to their adequate sup
ply i,n that area. In fact, the American ration is above the "normal ration" of
the other nations on the Continent, except the former neutrals.
These nutritional conclusions are based upon surveys made by Dr. W. H. Sabrell,
Jr., 9f the United States Public Health Service, who was a member of ~ mission.
At my request he also v~sited Italy* France~'Belgium, Holland and Britain to study
the comparative nutritional situations of these countries with that of Germany •.
He reports that the nutritional condition in those countries is nearly pre-war
normal, while the special German groups that I have mentioned are not only far
below the other nations* but disastrously so.
A NEW PROGRAM
The Anglo-American bi-zonal agreement of last autumn calls for an increase
of rations by 250 calories a day at some undetermined date. Such an increase is
highly desirable. However, th~ world shortage in cereals, evidenced by the early
reduction of bread rations in several other nations, renders such an increase im
, possible until after the harvest of 1947. Such a program also implies increased
import supplies which, in terms of grain, would add 1*260,000 tons and $136,000,000
annually to cos ts * above the already huge b,urden upon the taxpayers of our two
'
nations.
As the present base of 1,550 caloriea for "normal consumers'· is not enough
to maintain health in many children or health and working energy in many adults,
I propose a different program. This new approach 1s to repair the weakest spots
in the nutritional situation. I believe that this method will accomplish the
lnajor purpose of the proposed general increase in ration as nearly as can be ac
complished within the limits of available supplies and,finances for the remainder
of the fiscal year 1946- 1 47.
'
In many ways
remedy
large an increase
under the bizonal
~Iuccessful
I believe it is a better program, and if this method proves a
during the next few months it may modify the necessity of so
in imports in the fiscal year 1947-1948 as has been proposed
agreement.
�301
ly:
There .are two groups to which this repair of weakness should be given quick
First, are the children over six years of age and the adolescents. The num
ber of this group who are undernourished'is esttmated to be about 3,500~000 or
more than 50 per cent. To cover this group and assure that the food reaches the
child the British in their zone, aided by the Swedish and other charities, are
giving a small ration in certain schools. There is no systematic s.chool feeding
in the American zone. A system of soup kitchensto'·provide a hot meal of appro
priate body-building foods (meats, fats, milk"etc.) of at least 350 calories
daily is imperative for the children in the worst areas of the ,combined zones, if
a future Germany of wholesome character is to be created.
In order to start this system at once I recommend using the Army surplus 10
in-l rations, now en route, and certain excess stocks not adapted to Army feeding
and now in control of the American occupation forces. These resources can form
the major base of this system for a considerable period. This is. the more pos
sible as it is proposed to slaughter during 1947 over 5,000,000 head of cattle,
hogs and sheep in order to lessen the animal consumption of ground crops, and a
portion of these meats and fats can be applied to this program. These various
supplies, together wIth some minor cereal allotments, should carry the program
for six months.
The second group demanding immediate relief is the "normal consumer~ group
of about 17,910,000 persons, now receiving 1,550 calories a day. I strongly
recommend several lines of action. (a) A certain portion of them should be ad
vanced to the group of moderate heavy workers and receive the. supplement applic
able to that category. (b) An emergency supply of cereals should be allotted to
the German welfare organizations with which to provide a supplement to families
in need and 1fhe soup ki tchena. (c) I recommend that the aged in the "normal con
sumers" group and others where medically certified, be issued tickets upon the
soup kitchens for the meal of 350 calories a day during the school week, to be
consumed either at these kitchens or taken home. These supplemental measures
will substantially improve, and will at least carryover, the most needy part of
this group.
By aid to the children and adolescents, some pressure will be removed from
consumer" group, who naturally tend to cut their own food to help
their children.
the
~normal
In support of the above program for children and "normal rations," I have
included in the recommended defiCiency appropriation an emergency supply of 65,000
tons of cereals. These measures, as I have .said, are in substitution for· the
great increase otherwise necessary to import for the proposed program of a lift
in the whole ration system by 250 calories.
In addition to these measures, I have included in the sums given below which
I recommend to be appropriated for the balance of this fiscal year 1946- 1 47 an
amount necessary for the shipment of 400,000 tons of surplus potatoes from the
United States. The object is two-fold.
Due to spoilage during this unprecedented Winter, and other causes, there
are not enough potatoes by 250;000 tons to co'(er that portion. of the minimum
1,550 calorie ration until the next harvest. Certainly we cannot allow the ration
to fall'below its already <;iangerous levels.
Of even more importance, most of the potato seed of our zones normally comes
from the Polish-annexed area and the Russian zone and is not available. If we
can forward 200,000 to 250,000 tons of good potato seed, with some already in
hand, we should be able to assure a yield from the 1947 harvest of 5,000,000 tons
and thereby effect some savings in overseas food imports for the fiscal year
1947-'48.
�(
:502
"
NECESSARY IMPORTS AND FINANCE
The supply and finance of foo,d and collateral relief imports and the develop
ment of exports with which ultimately to pay for these imports have been organized
upon the basis of dividing foreign trade 'into two categories:
~
category "A" covers imports of food, fertilizers and petroleum products for
the civil population. This category is to be paid for by appropriations, and thus
one-half by the taxpayers each of the United States and the United Kingdom. It'
has not been determined whether seeds fall in this group. -In my opinion they
should, and I have included them in my estimates of supply and cost which appear
below •
. category "B" is under the "Joint Export-Import Agency," who regulate the im
portation of raw materials and the export of coal, some other raw materials and
manufactured products. The organization started withacert~in working capital
and all exports of coal and other commoditie.s are credited to this fund until the
exports exceed the raw material imports, when the surplus will be applied to the
cost of category "A." It 18 hoped that the export surplus will begin to con
.tribute to category "A" in the last half of 1948 and cover virtually all the cost
in the calendar year 1:950.
Therefore, the cost of category "A" for'the balance of the 1947 fiscal year,
in which a deficiency appropriation is involved, and the whole of the 1948 fiscal
year, will fall upon the taxpayers of America and Britain.
COST AND SUPPLIES OF CATEGORY "A" ,IMPORTS FOR THE LAST
.
HALF OF FISCAL YEAR 1946- 1 47
The program of supplies and costs to cover Category "A" for the six months
from Jan. 1 to July 1, 1947, will appear large compared to the program given
later for the whole fiscal year 1947- 1 48. The'reasons are that imports are unduly
low during the last six months of 1946 and the drain on indigenous food unduly
large. Also, it i~ necessary to include the cost of 'purchases and shipments
prior to July 1 so as to provide in June for arrivals in Germant during the period
July 1 to Aug.' 15, for which appropriations for the 1947-'48 fiscal year cannot
be available until after July 1. This works. to lessen the burden on the fiscal
year following that dat'e. I have, as said, included the allotment of 65,000 tons
of cereals to support the "normal ration" group, and the pot'ato imports.
The following is the estimated cost for both zones; for the six months Jan. 1
to July 1, 1947, in which are included the supplies already shipped for this
period: !
Cereal (wheat equivalent) 2,505,000 tons • • $288,000,000
Other fds, 720,000 tons. • • • • • • •
54,000,000
Fertilizers. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
17,500,000
12,500,000
Seeds. • . . . • • • . • • .',. .' . .' • •
Petroleum products (civil popula.t1on) •• •• ' 12,000,000
.Total. . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . • • $:584,000 .. 000
The United States contribution of one-half of this is $192,000,000
'.
r"
What portion of these expenditures is already covered by appropriations, and
what portion must need be covered by deficiency approp:Hations, is not known to
me.
.":.
SUPPLIES AND COSTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1947-'48
In considering the supplies and cost of Category itA" for the fiscal year
�303
"
1947-'48, the supplemental supports I have proposed to
~trengthen the children,
adolescents and "normal ration" group, should undoubtedly carry through these
groups until Octpber, especially with the spring and summer produce. Therefore
it will not, in any event, be necessary to increase the general ration by the 250
calories provided in the bi-zonal agreement ,until that date. It is my hope that
the revised methods by which the weak places in the system are strengthened may
partially or wholly avoid this necessity after that,date. I have, however, pro
vided in the estimates an item of $62,300,000 for such an increase after October.
I have also included an enlarged fertilizer and seed program. It is my beli~f
that these latter measures will greatly lighten the burden on our taxpayers in
the fiscal ye~ 1948-'49.
The following is my estimate of the supplies and
year 1947-'48 covering category "A"
~ostsneeded
for the final
Cereals (in terms of wheat) for 1,550 calorie
level, 2,785,000 tons • • • • • • • • • • • • • $278,500,000
Cereals for "normal consumers" emergency supple
19,200,000
mental feeding, 192,000 tons • •• • • • ., • •
Child feeding program (includes special foods),
35,000,000
130,000 tons • • • • • • • •
• •••
75,000,000
Other fds, 450,000 tons . • • • • • • • •
Fertilizers (available) • • • • • • • • • • • • .45,000,000
27,000,000
Seeds • • • • : ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•
25,000,000
Petroleum'products for civil population.
$504,700,000
'cost of ration increase to 1,800 calories on or
about Oct., 1947 •
Total. • • • • • •
(ot which the United States share of
62,300,000
$567,000,000
50 per cent amounts to
$283,500,000.)
Due to these changes in method, the above program is different from that
submitted by the War Department for the fiscal year 1947'-'48, bu·t the total cost
is no greater.
'
It is my conviction that these appropriations, for category "A" for both the
1947~'48 fiscal years should have first consideration, even in
priority to appropr.iations for military purposes. The occupational forces cannot
be reduced without these as surance,s of minimum food supply. From the point of
view only of maintaining order, the need for these forces is not great, if we can'
meet the food needs. Their size will depend upon other considerations.
1946-'47 and the
FURTHER SAVINGS TO THE TAXPAYERS THAT CAN BE MADE
There are ways by which these costs could be reduced, although they are not
certain enough to be deducted in advance against appropriations which must now be
determined.
,
1. If these changes in rationing program render the general calorie lift un
necessary, there would be a saving of $62,000,000. .
'
2. If through the 1947 deficiency appropriations the seeds are provided in
time, there should be substantial additions to the German potato harvest, in re
lief of 1947-'48 expenditures. If the fertilizer and seed recommendations for
the fiscal year 1947-' 48 are accepted, there ',should be savings by increased in
digenous production in the year 1948-' 49.,
(
3. There would be savings if prices proved lower and if climatic conditions
,.
!
iii!!!!
�304
(
for the indigenous crops.turned out exceptionally favorable.
4. The Potsdam declaration results in Germany having no consequential over
seas shipping. If we could effect some temporary operation by German crews of,
say, seventy-five Liberty ships, now laid up, to transport food and raw materials,
all of the expense could be paid by the Germans in marks, except for fuel, and
thus save a very large amount of dollars otherwise coming from the American and
British taxpayers •. This would probably amount to $40,000,000 per annum.
5. A further saving of possibly several million dollars could be made for the
taxpayers if the large American Army return equipment, now being transported at
high ocean rates, were sent home on the return voyages of these Liberty ships.
6. There are food surpluses in the control of other nations than ourselves
and the British. They comprise possible increased catches of fish in Norway,
Sweden and Denmark, which otherwise are little likely to find a market, and some
surpluses possible from the South American states. It would seem to me that some
supplies could well be furnished by these nations, being repaid as indicated be
low, pari passu with the British and ourselves.
7. The Germans lost a considerable part of their deep-sea fishing fleet. If
more such boats could be found and leased from American surplus small shipping,
the fish supply could be greatly increased. The fishing grounds in the Baltic
and North Seas are being limited against German fishing. As there are ample sup_
plies of fish in these seas, it seems a pity that with this food available, British
and American taxpayers are called upon to furnish food in substitution for fish
the Germans could catch for themselves.
Fish is particularly needed, as the present diet is sadly lacking in protein
content.
8. A still further saving to British and American taxpayers is possible if
maximum expedi tiqn could be made of exports of Germnn manufacture. The Joint
Export-Import Agency is doing its best, but such exports are hampered by the lack
of coal for manufacture; by trading-with-the-enemy acts, and restrictions on free
communication together, with limitations on dealings between buyers and sellers.
The restoration of trade is inevitable, and every dayts delay in removing these
barriers is simplyadding.to the burden of .our taxpayers for relief that could
otherwise be paid for in goods. No one can say that in her utterly shattered
state, Germany is a prasent economic menace to the world.
Should there be such good fortune ~s to realize all these possibilities, we
could not only increase the f09d supply to health levels but also lessen the
joint costs by $150,000,000 during the fiscal year 1947- t 48. However, as I have
said, I am convinced that the larger sum should be provided for.
GERMAN REPAYMENT FOR THESE OUTLAYS
The great sums hitherto spent on relief of the German civilian population
from outside Germanyts borders, together with those in the future, should not be
an irrecoverable' expenditure to our two governments.
I have, therefore, urged upon the American an? British authorities that it
be announced as a policy, and stipulated in all peace arrangements, .that these
e.xpenditures for the relief of the civ.il population (Category "A"), past and '
future, should be made a first charge upon the economy of Germany and r~paid from
any future net exports from Germany before any payments to other nations of any
kind.
.
At my instance, all Allied nations in the first World War agreed that German
civilian relief expenditures at that time should ~e repaid from any liquid assets
�305
(
and ranked ahead of any reparation claims. They were so repaid. The grounds
which I advanced at that time are no less valid today. By these relief expendi
tures, weare rebuilding the economy of the German people so that other payments
can be made by them. These costs should be a sort of "receiver's certificate."
If this policy be pursued, these appropriations for relief asked. from the Congress
and the Parliament, Cl;ln become a recoverable expenditure.and not a charity loaded
onto our taxpayers. It would seem that a tax upon exports, of some per cent, to
be paid in dollars after July 1, 1949, might be an effective implementation ot
such provision.
ORGANIZATION
I have made certain recommendations to the joint military governments of the
two zones as to organization matters, which I believe will improve adminlstration,
now that bi-zonal operation, under larger German responsibility, has been under
taken.
CONCLUSION
It may come as a great shock to Americ.ar), taxpayers that, having won the war
over Germany, we are now faced for some years with large expenditures for relief
for these people. Indeed, it is something new in human history for the conqueror
to undertake.
.
Whatever the policies might have been that would have avoided this expense,
we now are faced with it. And we are faced with it until the export industries
of Germany can be. sufficiently revived to pay for their food. The f·irst ne~es
sity for such a revival is sufficient food upon which to maintain vitality to
work.
.
Entirely aside from any humanitarian feelings for this mass of people, if
we want peace; if we want to preserve the sarety and health of our army of occu
pation; if we want to save the expense of even larger military forces to preserve
order; if we want to reduce the size and expense of our army of occupation--I can
see no other course but to meet the burdens I have here outlined. .
.
Our determination is to establish such a regime in Germany as w111 prevent
forever again the rise of militarism and aggression within these people. But
those who believe in vengeance and the punishment of a great mass of Germans not
concerned in the Nazi conspiracy can now have no misgivings for all of them--in
food, warmth and shelter--have been sunk to the lowest level .known in a hundred
years of Western history.
.
If Western .civilization is to survive in Europe, it must also survive in
Germany. And it must be built into a co-operative member of· that civilization.
That, indeed, is the hope of any lasting peace.
After all, our flag flies over these people.
sides military power.
J
That flag means something be
�M
j"I¥
6ctuH-e-
e:
'~~}
MILITARY GOVEItN"ME:NT GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
~ROCLAMATION
NO.5
MILITnREGIERUNG DEUTSCHLAND
AMERlKANlSCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
]
PROKLAMAnON NR. 5
Economic Council
Wirtschaftsrat
To the German people in the United States Zone, including
Land Bremen:
WHEREAS by an,' agreement dated 29 May 194:, and
ade between the Military G<>vernors and 'Commanders-In
~hief of the United States and British Zones of Occupa
'11 provision was made for the establishment of an Eco
\1~rn'ic Council, an Executive Committee and Executive Di
~ors In order to facilitate the solution of pressing economIc
roblems and the construction of economic life by, popularly I
~ntrolled German agencIes, and whereas the said agree- I
m Is published as Appendix "AU to this Proclamation
cnt
of which it forms 'Dart,
!
NOW, THEREFORE, I, General Lucius D. Clay. Com- I
mlnding General, European Command, and Military G<>v-I
crnor for Germany CU. S.), do hereby proclaim as follows:
I
I
ARTICLE I
Functions of tbe Economic Councn
,
The Economic Council shall have power, within the United I'
Slates Zone (Including Land Bremen), .
(1) To direct. the permissible economic reconstruction of
the 'Zone. subject to the approval of the Bipartite
!
BOHd;
,
(2) To adopt and promulgate ordinances on the administration of railways. maritime ports and coastal ship- '
ping, inland water transport, Inter-Land Inland water,ways and communications and postal services; to I
adopt and promulgate ordinances dealing with matters i
of general policy atTecting more than one Land with I
respect to Inter-Land highways and highway trans- 1
port; production, allocation 'and distribution of goods,
raw materials, gas, water and electricity; foreign and i
Internal trade; price formation and price control; pro- :
duction, Importation, collection, allocation and distri- !
bution of' food; public finance, currency, credit, bank- i
ing and property control; and civil service manage- ,
ment ofOi'ZOrialaepartment personnel; .and such other
functions as may from time to time be determined "
by the Bipartite Board. Such ordinances are subject
to the approval of the Bipartite Board. The approvnl I
of the Board to each ordinance shall be Indicated by I!
an Indorsement stating that it has received such
approval under the terms of this Article. Except '
where these Economic, Council ordinances with Bi
partite Board approval specifically reserve to the
Economic Council or delegate to the Executive Com
mittee or Executive Directors the power to issue
implementing regulations pursuant. to the ordinances"
the Laender shall promptly implement the ordinances;
'(3) To adopt and promulgate,subject to approval as set
forth in Para. (2) above, ordinances allocating to the
Economic Council, the Executive Committee or the
. Executive Directors the power to issue Implementing
regulations under specific existing legislation which
is within the fields referred to In Para. (2);
(4) To delegate such of Its powers as may be deemed
appropriate to the ExecutiVe Committee, except for
the power to adopt and promulgate ordinances set
forth In Para., (2) above and the power of appointment
set forth in Para. (5) below:
(5) To apPOint,' from nominations made by the Executive
I
I
!.
','
~:
'-','
(
lct<t7.
I
An die deutsche Bevolkerung 1m amerikanischen Kontroll
geblet el,nschllelllich des Landes Bremen:
Eln Abkommen vom 29. Mal 1947, das zwischen den
Milltiirgouverneuren und Oberbefehlshabern der amerika
nischen und' britischen Besetzungszonen getrotTen worden
1st, sieht die Einsetzung elnes Wirtschaflsrats, elnes Exe
kutivausschusses und den Dlrektoren vor, urn die LOsung
dringender w!rtschattlicher Probleme und den Aufbau des
Wlrtschaftslebens durch dem Volke verantwortllche detitsche
Stellenzu fordem. Dleses Abkommen wird als AnhaDit "A"
und 'als Besiandteil dleser Proklamatlon verotTentlicht.
Ich, General Lucius D. Clay, Kommandlerender General
im europlUschen Befehlsberelch und MillUlrgouverneur CU. S,)
fUr Deutschland, erlasse daher die folgende Proklamatlon:
ARTIKEL I
Autgaben des Wirtscbaftsrats
Innerhalb der amerikanlschen Besetzungszone (elnschllell
lIch des Landes Bremen) 1st der Wlrtschafts:rat ermachtlgt:
(1) Zur Leitung des. zulasslgen wlrtschaftllchen Wieder
aufbaus der Zone"vorbehaltllch der Genehmlgung de'S
Bipartite Board;
(2) ZuB.. Annahme und Verkundung von Gesetzen' be
trefl.'end die Verwaltung von Elsenbahnen, Seehafen,
und KustenschitTahrt, Beforderungauf Blnnengewas
sem, Blnnenwasserstrallen zwischen den' Llindern,
Nachrichten- und Postverkehr; Annahme und Ver
kundung 'von Ge'setzen, die slch auf Festlegung von
allgemelnen Grundsatzen bezlehen, mehr als ein
IJand angehen und elnen der folgenden Gegenstande
betretTen: strallen und Strallenverkehr zwischen den
Landem; Erzeugung, Zutellung und Vertellung von
Waren, RohstotTen, Gas, Wasser und ElektrlzlUit; Aus
lands- und' Blnnenhandel; Preisblldung und Preis
kontrolle; Erzeugung, Elnfuhr, Erfassung, Zutellung
und Verteilung von Lebensmltteln; otTentllches Finanz
wesen, Wlhrung, Kreditwesen, Bankwesen und Ver
mogenskontrolle; und Personalverwaltung der zwei
zonalen Abteilungen, und sonstlge vom Bipartite
BO'llrd jewells zugewiesene Aufgaben. Die Gesetze
des Wlrtschaftsrats bedUrfen der Genehmigung des
Bipartite Board. Die Genehmigung eines jeden Ge
seizes 'seitens des Blparti te Board 1st durch elnen
schrlftllchen Vermerk des Inhalts zum Ausdruck zu
brlngen, dall das Gesetz nach Mallgabe dieses Artlke~s
genehmlgt 1st. Es obliegt den Landern, Gesetze, dIe
vom Wlrtschaftsrat mit Genehmigung des Bipartite
Board erlassen sind, unverruglich zur AusfUhrung zu
bringen. es sel denn. dall die Befugn!s, AusfUhrungs
bestimmungen zu den Gesetzen zu erlassen, durch
dleso Gesetze ausdrilckllch dem Wirtschaftsrat vor
behalten oder eine solche Befugnis dem Exekutlvaus~
schull oder den Dlrektoren Ubertragen worden 1st;
(3) Vorbehaltlich der Genehmigung, wle oben unter (2)
angegeben, zur' Annahme und VerkUndung von Ge
setzen die dem Wirtschaftsrat. dem Exekutlvausschull
oder den Dlrektoren die Befugnls iibertragen, Aus
ftihrungsbestlmmungen zu bestlmmten Vorschriften
bestehender Gesetzgebung auf den oben unter (2)
genannten Gebleten zu erlassen:
(4) Zur Obertragung von Befugnissen an den Exekutlv
ausschull. sowelt dies angemessen erscheint, mit Aus
nahme der Befugnls, die unter (2) oben bezeicbneten
Gesetze zu' verkunden und der Befugnis zu Emennun
gen gemall Nr. (5) unten; *)
(5) Zur Ernennung von Direktoren auf Grund der vom
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�Committee, and to remove, upon its own motion, the
Executive Direc'tors. To define the functions of the
Executive Directors and their relations in the. Eco
nomic Council, the Executive Committee and the
4,aender;
(6) To consider' and pass the annual estimates of' revenue
and expenditure of the Council and of its departments.
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ARTICLE II
Functions of the Executive Committee
The Executive Committee shall have power, within the
. United States Zone,
'
(1) To propose and make recommendation~ on ordinances
for 'adoption by the Economic Council;
(2) To issue implementing regulations within the scope
of the authority delegated to the Executive Committee
by the Eco~omic Council;
,
(3) To coordinate and supervise the execution of ordi
nances and implementing regulations by the Executive
Directors in accordance with the policies adopted
by the Economic Council.
ARTICLE III
Functions of Executive Directors
In accordance with the policies adopted by the Economic
Council and under the supervision of the Executive Com
mittee, the Executive Directors
(1) Shall' direct the operation of their respective depart
.ments;
(2) May issue implementing regulations;
(3) Will be the chief accounting officers for' their own
departments and, subject to such instructions and
'such central financial control as may be approved by
the Economic Council,' the financial and accounting
operation of the agencies shall be' under their general
management and supervision.
ARTICLE IV
Effect of Economic Council Ordinances
Ordinances issued by the Economic Council pursuant to
the provisions of Article I of this Proclamation or imple
menting regulations issued under such .ordinances shall not
be inconsistent with Control Council legislation, but, subject
to this, shall be superior to any German enactment, and
shall be binding on all Courts.
\
ARTICLE V
Transitional Provisions
Until otherwise provided by any ordinance of the Eco
nomic Council, Military Government Ordinance No. 14, set
forth in Appendix "B" to this Proclamation and promulgated
herewith, shall be in force in the United States Zone.
ARTICLE VI
Effective Date
This Proclamation shall come into force on 10 June 1947.
ExekutivausschuB gemachten VorschUige, zur
berufung von Direktoren auf Grund eigener In!
und zur Abgrenzung del' Aufgaben del' Direktoren
un~ ihr~s Verhliltnisses zum Wirtschaftsrat, zum Exe.
kutlvausschuB und zu den Llindern;
(6) Zur PrUfung und Feststellung des jlihrlichen Vat.
anschlages der Einnahmen und Ausgaben des Wirt.
schaftsrats und seiner Abteilungen.
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ARTIKEL II
1.
selec
Aufgaben des Exekutlvausschusses .
Innerhalb der amerikanischen Besetzungszone ist der Exe.
2
uti
kutivausschuB ermlichtigt:
(1) Zu Vorschlligen und Empfehlungen flir Gesetze, di! func
defir
vom Wirtschaftsrat angenommen werden sollen;
(2) Zum EriaB von AusfUhrungsbestimmungen im R~hmen
3.
del' Befugl'lisse, die vom Wirtschaftsrat auf
shall
Exekutivausschul3 ubertragen worden sind;
Eeor
(3) Zur Koordinierung und Oberwachung der Aus
the
von Gesetzen und Durchftihrungsbestlmmungen
4.
die Direktoren in Obereinstimmung mit den
rune
Wir~schaftsrat festgelegten Grundsatzen;
Gefl
cent
ARTIKEL III
5.
Aufgaben del' Dlrektoren
COlT.
In Obereinstimmung 'mit den vom Wirtschaftsrnt fest·
gelegten Grundsatzen und unter Aufsicht des
ausschusses
(1) lei ten die Direktoren die
(2) konnen die Direktoren
erlassen;
(3) sind sie die hikhsten.Beamten Ihrer
deren Finanzgebarung angeht; sie haben, vorb·eh,utJ,ICLI
del' von dem Wlrtschaftsrat gebilligten .t\.Ilwel~,UII~"1
und zentralen Flnanzkontrolle, die allgemeine
und Oberwachung der finanziellen Tatigkeit und
Buchfilhrung ihrer Dienststellen.
ARTIKEL IV
.;
Rechtswirkung von .1esetzen des
Gesetze, die der Wirtschaftsrat auf Grund der .D~I"Llnllll"'U
gen des Artikel I dieser Proklamation
Ausfilhrungsbestimmungen, die gemaB diesen ue,se1tzen
gangen sind, diirfen nicht 1m Widerspruch mit der
gebung des Kontrollrats stehen, € e hen aber mit
Einschrlinkung deutscher Gesetzgebung vor und sind
alle Gel'ichte verbindlich.
.
ARTIKEL V
nbergangsbestimmungen
'.,',.
Sol'lmge der Wirtschaftsrat durch Gesetze nicht
weitig bestimmt, bleibt die Verordnung Nr. 14 der
regierung, die' In Anhang "B" dleser Proklamation
gegeben 1st und hiermit veIlkUndet wird, In del' anlerik~mische:1
Zone in Kraft.
I
ARTIKEL 'VI
Inkratttreten del' Proklamation
Diese Proklamation tritt am 10. Juni 1947 in Krnft.
General Lucius D. Clay'
Mill targouverneur
Militlirregierung fill'
Deutschland (United States)
LUCIUS D. CLAY
General, U. S. Army
Commanding General
European Command and
Military Governo,r for Germany (U. S.)
ApPfoved: 2 June 1947.
Appendix "An to Proclamation No.5.
Agreement for Reorganization of Bizonal Economic
Agencies
Preamble
Pending the creation of administrative and governmental
institutions for Germany as a whole, and. in order to facil
itate the solution of pressing economic problems and the
reconstruction of economic life by popular,ly controlled Ger
Bestiitigt: 2. Juni 1947.
Anhang "A" zur Proklamation Nr.
Abkommen tiber Neugestaltung der
Wirtschaftss tellen
Einleitung
Bis zur Eriichtung von Verwaltungs- und Regi
len filr ganz Deutschland und um die Lasung von
wirtschaftlichen pi'oblemen und den
schaftslebens durch deutsche Stellen mit Veran
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
gency actions as you may deem proper, but in any event, you will report
the facts to the Control Council.
52. You will maintain such accounts and records as may be necessary
to reflect the financial operations of the military government in your
zone and you will provide the Control Council with such information in '
connection' with the use of currency by your forces, any governmental
settlements, occupation costs; and other expenditures arising out of opera
tions or activities involving participation of your forces.
Directive to Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces of
, Occupation, Regarding the Military Govern
ment of Germany, July II, 1947
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PurpoJe of ThiJ Directive
This directive, issued to you as Commanding General of the United
States' forces of occupation and as Military Governor in Germany, con
stitutes a statement' of the objectives of your Government in Germany
and of the basic policies to which your Government wishes you to give
effect from the present time forward. It supersedes JCS 1067/6 and its
amendments.
2. Authority of Military Go~ernment
a. Your authority as Military Governor will be broadly construed and
empowers you to take action consistent with relevant international agree
ments, general foreign policies of this Government and with this directive,
appropriate or desirable to attain your Government's objectives in Ger
many or to meet military exigencies.
b. Pending arrangements for the effective treatment of Germany as
an economic and political unit, you will exert every effort to achieve ec0
nomic unity with other zones.
'
I.
II
3. United States Policy toward Germany
The basic interest of the United States throughout the world is just
and lasting peace. Such a peace can be achieved oo1:y if conditions of
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APPENDICES
public order' and prosperity are created in Europe as. a whole. An orderly
and prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable
and productive Germany as well as the necessary restraints to insure that
Germany is not allowed to revive its destructive militarism.
To accomplish the latter purpose the United States Government has
proposed to the other Occupying Powers a treaty for the continuing dis
armament and demilitarization of Germany and it has committed itself
to maintaining a United States army of occupation as long as foreign
occupation of Germany continues.
As a positive program requiring urgent action the United States Gov
ernment seeks the creation of those political, economic ,and moral con
ditions in Germany which will contribute most effectively to a stable and
prosperous Europe.
'
III
4. Demilitarization
.
There should be no relaxation of effort to complete and effectively to
maintain the disarmament and the demilitarization of Germany.
IV
5. United States Political Objectives in Germany
It is an objective of the United States Government that there should
arise in Germany as rapidly as possible a form of political organization
and a manner of political life which, resting on a substantial basis of
economic well-being, will lead to tranquillity within Germany and will
contribute to the spirit of peace among nations.
Your task, therefore, is fundamentally that, of helping to lay the ec0
nomic and educational bases of a sound German democracy, of encour
aging bona fide democratic efforts and of prohibiting those activities which
would jeopardize genuinely democratic developments.
6. ,German Self-Government
a. You will continue to promote the development in Germany of in
stitutions of popular self-government and the assumption of direct re
sponsibility by German governmental agencies, assuring them legislative,
, judicial and executive powers, consistent with military security and the
purposes of the ocCupation.
b. It is the view of your Government that the most constructive de
velopment of German political life would be in the establishment through
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
out Germany of federal German states {Laender} and the formation of a
central German government with carefully defined and limited powers
and functions. All powers shall be vested in the Laender except such as
are expressly delegated to the Central Government.
c. Your Government does not wish to impose its own historically de
veloped forms of democracy and social organization on Germany and
believes equally firmly that no other external forms should be imposed.
It seeks the establishment in Germany of a political organization which
is derived from the people and subject to their control, which operates in
accordance with democratic; electoral procedures, and which is dedicated
to uphold both the basic civil and human rights of the individual. It is
opposed to an excessively centralized government which through a con-·
centration of power may threaten both the existence of democracy in Ger
many and the security of Germany's neighbors and the rest of the world.
Your Government believes finally that, within the principles stated above,
the ultimate constitutional form of German political life should be left
to the decision of the Garman people made freely in accordance with
democratic processes.
.
7. Interzonal German Administrative Agencies
Pending the establishment of central German administrative agencies
and of a central German government, you will continue, consistent with
the objectives of paragraph 6, to make arrangement with other Zonal
Commanders for the creation and operation of interzonal German ad
ministrative agencies.
8. Political Parties
a. You will adhere to the policy of authorizing and encouraging all
political parties whose programs, activities and structure demonstrate
their allegiance to democratic principles. Political parties shall be com
petitive in character, constituted by voluntary associations of citizens in
which the leaders are responsible to the members, and with no party en
joying a privileged status.
b. You will likewise give support to the principle that military govern
ment and the German authorities should afford non-discriminatory treat
ment to duly authorized political parties. Every authorized political party
should have the right freely to state its views and to present its candidates
to the electorate, and you will tolerate no curtailment of nor hindrance
to the exercise of that right; if, however, you find that an authorized party
is adopting or advocating undemocratic practices or ideas, you may re
strict or withdraw its rights and privileges.
APPENDICES
405
c. You will urge in.the Control Council the recognition of nation-wide
political parties and the uniform treatment.of all authorized panies in all
zones of occupation. You will advocate quadripartite supervision of pa
litical activities and of elections throughout Germany as.a whole.
9. Denazification
;.
You will implement in your zone the decisions on denazification taken
April 23, 1947 by the. Council of Foreign Ministers, as may be agreed
in ACe.
10.
.-: i"
War Crimes
You will make every effort to facilitate and bring to early completion
the war crimes program subject to the conclusions and recommendations
with respect to organizations and members thereof contained in the judg
ment of the International Military Tribunal.
II. Cour~
and Judicial Procedures
a. You will exercise such supervision over German Courts as is neces
sary to prevent the revival of National Socialist doctrines, to prohibit
discrimination on grounds of race, nationality, creed or political belief,
to enforce the application of the principles expressed in Control Council
Proclamation NO'3 and compliance with the provisions of Control Council
and Military Government legislation. You will foster the independence
of the German judiciary by allowing the courts freedoQl in their inter
pretation and application of the law artd by limiting the control measures
instituted by Military Government to the minimum consistent with the
accomplishment of the aims of the occupation.
b. You will maintain. sufficient Military Government Courts to try.
persons accused of offenses involving the safety and security of United
States and Allied personnel and all cases in which the interest of Military
Government requires such procedure.
c. You may extend the jurisdiction of the German courts to all cases
which do not involve the interests of Military Government or persons
under the protective care of Military Government. Any German Tribunal
established for the purpose of determining internal restitution claims may
exercise jurisdiction over any person irrespective of his status who in·
stitutes a proceeding therein.
d.As a basic objective of the occupation is the reestablishment of the
rule of law in Germany, you will require all agencies under your control
to refrain from arbitrary and oppressive measures. Except when it dearly
appears that detention is necessary for the security of the occupying forces,
no person will be detained except. when he is charged with a specific
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDICES
offense and is subject to trial by a duly constituted tribunal. You will
protect the civil rights of persons detained under charges assuring them
a fair trial and ample opportunity to' prepare their defense. You will by
regulation limit arrests for security purposes to cases where overriding
considerations of military necessity require such procedure. Persons so
detained will be permitted to communicate with their nearest relative or
friend unless urgent security considerations require an exception, and
you will review their cases periodically to determine whether further
detention is warranted. When in your opinion it will be compatible
with security consideratiQns, you will eliminate such arrests without
prejudice to a revival of the practice in emergencies.
12. ugislation
You will exercise your power of disapproval over German legislation
only when such legislation conflicts with the legislation or other policies
of Military Government.
.X3. MOtl~m~nt of Persons
.
a. You will implement the decisions taken 23 April 1947 by the Council
of Foreign Ministers with regard to United Nations displaced persons and
population transfers.
b. You will, in cooperation with IRO, facilitate the emigration to other
countries .of those displaced persons unwilling to be r~patriated.
c. Pending the movement of displaced persons you will retain overall
responsibility for their appropriate Care, maintenance and protection. You
will utilize the IRO to the maximum possible extent in assisting you to
discharge this responsibility ~
d. The term displaced persons as used above refers to displaced persOns
and refugees as defined in the IRO Constitution.
e. You will hold the German authorities responsible for the care and
disposition of nationals of former enemy countries not otherwise provided
for herein and you will continue to facilitate their repatriation.
. f. You will require that persons of German extraction who have been
transferred'to Germany be granted. German nationality with full civil and
political rights except in cases of recognized disqualifications under Ger
man law. You will take such measures as you may deem appropriate to
assist the German authorities in effecting a program of resettlement.
g. You will continue to permit the exchange of Germans seeking per
manent residence between the United States Zone and other zones on a
reciprocal basis. You will permit free movement for temporary purposes
to the greatest possible extent consistent with security considerations and
with interzonal or quadripartite agreement.
h. You will continue to receive those Germans whose presence abroad
is deemed by your. Government to be contrary to the national interest.
You will likewise permit the reentry of German and former German
nationals who desire to return permanently but in view of restricted facil-'
ities you will give priority to tho~e who are willing and able to contribute
to the peaceful reconstruction of Germany.
i. You will permit only those Germans to leave Germany who are in
. eluded in categories approved by Allied agreements or your Government's
instructions.
14. Prisoners of War
In carrying out the decision of the Council of Foreign Ministers of
23 April 1947, you will press in the Control Council for the earliest pos
sible return of all German prisoners of war still located in the territories
.
of the Allied Powers and in all other territories.
IS. General Economic Obi~ctitles
The economic objectives of the United States Goverpment in Germany
are:
a. to eliminate industry' used' solely to manufacture and to reduce
industry used chiefly to support the production of arms, alllIilunition
and implements of war;
b. to exact from Germany reparation for the losses suffered by United
Nations as a consequence of German aggression; and
. c. to encourage the German people to rebuild a self-supporting State
devoted to peaceful purposes, integrated into the economy of Europe.
Although the economic rehabilitation of Germany, within the frame
work of these objectives, is the task and responsibility of the German
people, you should provide them general policy guidance, assist in the
development of a balanced foreign trade and ensure that German efforts
are consistent with, and contribute to the fulfillment of your Government's
objectives.
16. Economic Disarmam~12t and Reparation
a. Your Government continues to desire the general fulfillment of the
principles of the Potsdam Agreement regarding reparation and industrial
disarmament.
b. Your Government believes that the level of industry eventually
agreed upon for Germany as a basis for reparation removals, while elimi
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT
nating excess industrial capacity which has been used by Germany for
the purpose of making war, should not permanendy limit Germany's
iridustrial capacity. The German people after the period of reparation
removals should not be denied the right, consistent with continued dis
armament, to develop their resources for the purpose of achieving higher
standards of living.
c. Your Government does' not agree to reparation from Germany
greater than that provided by the Potsdam Agreement. Nor does your
Government agree to finance the payment of reparation by Germ,any to
other United Nations by increasing its financial ouday in Germany or by
postponing the achievement'of a self-sustaining German eionomy. Your
Government reaffirms the principle that the proceeds of authorized ex
ports shall be used in the first place for the payment of authorized im
ports.
d. You will attempt to obtain Control Council recognition of the prin
ciple of Compensation for property takc:n for reparation or where it has
been necessary to destroy property under the agreementS for economic
disarmament, such compensation to constitute a charge against the Ger
man economy as a whole. Except in' prohibited industries, you will en
deavor to ensure, to the gr~test extent practicable, that no plant in which
there is foreign ownership or control is removed for reparation as long
.as German-owned plants are available for that purpose.
e. You will continue to assist in the location of cloaked German-owried
assets abroad and where possible you will assist in their liquidation.
17. Restitution
a. You will proceed, consistent with agreements on restitution reached
in the Control Council, to restore such identifiable property other than
gold and transport essential to minimum German economy, to the gov
ernment of the country from which it was taken. You will not consent
to any extensive program for the replacement of looted or displaced prop·
erty which has been destroyed or cannot be located whenever such re
placement can be accomplished only.at the expense of reparation, a self
sustaining German economy, or the cultural heritage of the German
people.
.
·b. You will turn over monetary gold uncovered in Germany to the
Tripartite Gold Commission in Brussels for distribution in accordance
with the terms of the Paris Act on Reparation.
c. In accordance with JCS1570/9, you will make available for the re
habilitation and resetdement of non-repatriable victims of German action
lI
APPENDICES
409
valuable personal property looted from Nazi v.ictims which is not
restit'..ltable.
d. It is the policy of your Government that persons and orgallizations
deprived of their property as a result of National Socialist persec;utioD
should either have .their property returned or be compensated therefor
and that persons who suffered personal damage or injury through Na
tional Socialist persecution should receive indemnification in German cur
. rency. With respect to heirless and unclaimed property subject to intern31
restitution you will designate appropriate successor organizations.
18. Economic Unity and Recovery
Your Government is desirous of securing agreement in the Control
Council to the treatment of Germany as an economic unit, the formula
tion of common policies in all matters affecting Germany asa whole, and
the establishment of central German administrative agencies for the pur
pose of implementing such common policies in the fields of finance, trans
port, communications, agriculture, economics (including industry and
foreign trade) and such other fields as the Control Council may consider
necessary an~ appropriate.
b. Your Government likewise desires to secure the adoption of a pro
duction and foreign trade program for Germany as a whole which should
be directed toward an increasing standard of living in Germany and the
attainment at the earliest practicable date of a self-sustaining German
economy. Such a program should give highest priority to increased pro
duction of coal, food and export goods; provide for such allocation and
distribution of German indigenous output and approved imports through
out Germany as are necessary to carry out the production program and
attain the agreed standard of living. eilsure full payment for alJ,..goods
and services exported from Germany (other than reparation or restitu
tion) in approved imports or in foreign exchange which can be utiliZed
for the payment of approved imports, and provide for the pooling of all
export proceeds to be made available, first to meet the import needs of
Germany as a whole for such time and in such amount as may hereafter
be determined. and secondly to compensate the occupying powers for
past expenditures pursuant to terms and conditions to be established here
after, priority in the latter case being given to payment of costs sustaine<;l
for essential imports in direct proportion to the expenditures made by the
occupying powers.
c. In cases where the restoration of normal international commercial
relations between Germany and the rest of Europe would involve all in
a.
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APPENDICES
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
crease of US dollar expenditures for the government of Germany, or a
delay in the attainment of a self-supporting German economy at an ap
propriate standard of living, funds for German expenditures shall be in
creased, or the German economy compensated through provision by the
US of sufficient rdid monies to the country or countries'so benefitted to
enable them to pay Germany. You will consult other European countries
and international organizations representing such countries in matters of
German production and trade mentioned above, and ensure that em
phasis is given, in the selection of items for export, to goods needed by
European countries for their economic recovery and rehabilitation insofar
.as. these countries may provide in payment needed imports for Germany,
<or foreign exchange which can pay for such imports. Proposed transac·
,lions of a substantial nature which would lead to a restoration of general
·European trade or normal international commercial relations or restore
normal trade exchanges between Germany and other European countries
but which would not conform to the principleS stated in this paragraph
should be referred to the US GOVT for decision.
d. You will support the removal of existing trade barriers and will
.encourage the return of foreign trade to normal trade channds.
. 19. Finance
a. Your government views the reorganization of German finances on a
sound basis and the attainment of financial stability in Germany as among
the main factors essential to German economic recovery along democratic
and Peaceful lines. To that end, you will endeavor to have the Control
Council adopt uniform financial policies in conformity with the principles
and the objectives set forth in this directive.
b. Pending agreement in the Control Council, or until receipt of further
directive from your government, you will continue to be guided by the
following policies in your zone:
( I ) You will control, within the scope of your authority, all financial
transactions of an international character in order to keep Nazi in
fluence out of the fidd of finance and prevent outward movements of
. capital from Germany;
(2) You will exercise general supervision over German public ex
penditures and measures of taxation in order to insure that they are
consistent with the objectives of the Military Government;
(3) You will take such action as may be necessary to prevent the
.establishment of a centralized German banking system and an undue
concentration of financial power, but will encourage the establishment
4II
of a central authority for the production, issuance and control of cur
rency and for technical bank~g supervision. You will also encourage
the Germans to reestablish normal banking facilities within the limita
tion prescribed above and within the present blocking of assets and ac
counts under Military Government Law No. 52;
(4) You will use the resources of the German economy to the maxi
mum extent possible in order to reduce expenditures from appropriated
funds of your government. You are authorized, as provided in the
Potsdam Agreement, to use the proceeds of exports to pay for imports
which you deem essential, subject to strict accounting and auditing
procedures;
.
(5) You will continue to aid economic recovery by collection of full
payment for exports of German goods and services; and
(6) You will continue to prevent non-essential imports.
c. 'You will press for the adoption by the Control Council of a program
for financial reform which provides for·a substantial and appropriate re
~udion in outstanding currency and monetary claims, including public·
and private debt; for the equitable sharing of the costs of war and defeat;
and for ancillary measures including, adjustments in the wage-price struc
ture necessary to the restoration of balance between the financial struc
ture and the economic realities.
'
d. (I) You will maintain such accounts and records as may be neces
sary to reBect the financial operations of the 'Military Government
(U.S.) in Germany, including also such operations undertaken jointly
by you with the Military Government in the British and other zones of
occupation in Germany. I
(2) You will take measures necessary for calculating occupation
costs distinguishing those now incurred. within Germany an<l,..sup
ported by the Germany economy, and external occupation costs for
eventual settlement with Germa,ny. You will endeavor to agree on a
definition of occupation costs of both types within the Control Council
and. to limit and control internal occupation costs on a quadrilateral
basis•
20.
Agriculture
a. In accordance with the decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of
Foreign Ministers, you will ensure the carrying out and completion of
land reform in your Zone in 1947.
b. You will require the appropriate German authorities to adopt and
implement policies and practices weich will:
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�MIUTARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDICES
Maximize the production and provide for the, effective collection
and distribution of agricultural products.
c. You will require the appropriate German authorities to adopt arid
implement similar policies and practices in respect to forestry and fishing
resources.
21.
Economic Institutions
a. Pending agreement among the occupying powers you will in your
zone prohibit all cartels and cartel-like organizations, and effect a dis
persion of ownership and control of German industry through the disso
lution of such combines, mergers, holding companies and interlocking
directorates which represent an actual or potential restraint of trade or
may dominate or substantially inBuence the policies of governmental
agencies. You will not, however, prohibit governmental regulation of
prices or monopolies subject to government regulation,
fields where
competition, is impracticable. In so far as possible, you' will ~rdinate
your action in this field with the commanders of other zones of occupation.
b. You will permit the formation and functioning of coperatives pt:o
vided they are voluntary in membership, and are organized along demo
cratic lines and do not engage in activities prohibited under the above
paragraph.
c. While it is your duty to give the German people an opportunity to
learn of the principles and advantages of ·freeenterprise, you will refrain
from interfering in the question of· public ownership of enterprises in
Germany, except to ensure that any choice for or against public ownership
is made freely through the normal processes of democratic government.
No measure of public ownership shall apply to foreign-owned property
unless arrangements which are satisfactOry to your Government have been
made for the compensation of foreign owners. Pending ultimate decision
as to the form and powers of the central German Government, you will
permit no' public ownership measure which would reserve that owner
ship to such central government.
d. Pending agreement among the occupying powers, you will limit
new foreign investment in your zone of Germany and will continue to
ensure that all property, however owned, and all production and man·
power in your zone are subject in all respects to the decisions and directives
of the Control Council, and to Military Government and German law.
e. (I ) You will permit the organization, operation, and free develop.
ment of trade unions provided that their leaders are responsible to the
membership and their aims and practices accord with democratic prin.
m
413
cipies. Any federation of trade unions shall not impair the financial.
and organizational autonomy of member unions. You will encourage
the trade unions to support programs of adult education and to foster
an understanding of democratic processes among their members. You
will permit trade unions to act in the interests of their members and to
bargain collectively regarding wages, hours and working conditions
within the framework of such wage and price controls as it may be
necessary to maintain.
(:2) Trade unions may represent the occupational, economic and
social interests of their members in accordance with the authority con·
tained in their constitutions. Their basic functions may include partiCi.
pation with appropriate authorities in the establishment and develop
ment of a peaceful economy.
f. You will permit the organization and functiQning of work councils
on a democratic basis for the repreSentation of the interests of employees
in individual enterprises and will not prohibit the cooperation of trade
unions therewith.
g: You will also. permit the establishment of machinery for the volun·
tary settlement of industrial disputes.1
VI
22.
Cultural Objectives
.
Your Government holds that the reeducation of the German people is
an integral part of policies intended to help develop a democratic form
of government and to restore a stable and peaceful economy; it believes
that there should be no forcible break in the cultural unity of Germany,
but recognizes the spiritual vafue of the regional traditions of Germany
and wishes to foster them; it is convinced that the manner and purposes
of the reconstruction of the national German culture have a vital signifi.
cance for the future of Germany.
It is, therefore, of the highest importance that you make every effort
to secure maximum coordination between the occupy~g powers of cul·
tural objectives designed to serve the cause of peace. You will encourage
German initiative and responsible participation in this work of cultural
reconstruction and you will expedite the establishment of these interna·
tional cultural relations which will overcome the spiritual isolation im·
1 Sic. The official copy reads without a division V. Presumably it shoUld come at the
beginning of the economic section. [Ed.]
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MILITARY GOV~NMENT
APPENDICES
posed by National Socialism on Germany and further the assimilation of
the German people into the world community of nations.
23. "Education
a. In recognition of the fact that evil consequences to all free men .flow
from the suppression and corruption of truth and that education is a pri
mary means of creating a democratic and peaceful Germany, you will con
tinue to encourage and assist in the development of educational methods,
institutions, programs and materials designed to further the creation of
democratic attitudes and practices through education. You will require
the German Laender authorities to adopt and execute educational pro
grams designed to develop a healthy, democratic educational system which _'
will offer equal opponunity to all according to their qualifications.
b. You will continue to effect the complete elimination of all National
Socialise, militaristic aQ-daggressively nationalistic inB.uences, practices and
teachings from the German educational system.
:4. Religiou~ Affairs
a. You will, in the United States Area of Occupation, continue to as
sure freedom of religion. You will assure protection of religious activity
.and suppon these principles in the deiiberations of the Control Council.
b. You -will give freedom to t1;l.e Germans to decide all questions con
cerning the constitution, the religious activity and the amalgamation of
purely ecclesiastical bodies.
c. You will continue to take such action as may be necessary to prevent
the revival of National Socialist and militaristic activity under the cloak
of a religious program or organization.
25. Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives
a. You will respect, and permit German authorities to protect and
preserve, the property of all cultural institutions dedicated to religion,
charity, education, the arts and sciences, historic monuments and historic
.archives, together with their collections and endowments. You will apply
the same principle to all other property of cultural value, whether' pub
licly or private owned, except for institutions and monuments specifically
-devoted to the perpetuation of National Socialism or to the glorification
.of the German militaristic tradition.
b. You are authorized to make such use of German records and archives
.as may be appropriate.
:26. Public Information
a. You will, in the United States Area of Occupation, supervise, en·
courage and assist in the development by the Germans ofmedia of public
information designed to advance the political and cultural objectives
stated in this directive.
b. You will arrange through the Allied Control Council for the im
plementation of the decision of 23 April 1947 of the Council of Foreign
Ministers on the' free exchange of information and democratic ideas by
all media in all of GeImany.
•
c. You will develop and maintain organizations and facilities for the:
operation of media of information, including those sponsored by Military
Government, designed to funher the objectives of your Government.
27. Reestablishment of International Cultural Relations
In funherance of the program of the reorientation of the German people:
and the revival of international cultural relations, you will permit ,and as
sist the travel into and out of Germany of persons useful for this program
within the availability of your facilities. You will also permit and assist,.
to the extent of your facilities, the free .flow of cultural materials to and
from Germany.
41S
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"'I' III
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Appendix C'·
;,il:\!l:
Democratization of Germany
A STATEMENT OF POllCY BY GENERAL
JOSEPH McNARNEY
July 9,1946
In general it may be said that the Laender will be given comptete power
to govern themselves•••• The only restrictions imposed upon them.
will be those resulting from:
a) The provisions of the' Berlin Protocol and subsequent Four Power
agreements which may be fonhcoming from funher ministerial meetings..
b) Allied Control Council Laws which are binding upon the whole of
Germany•
c) Democratization and political decentralization.
d) It ;is considered the German Government will be "democratized'"
when the following conditions exist:
I) AU political power is recognized as origi.t1ating with the people
and subject to their control.
2) Those who exercise political power are obligated to obtain a man
,
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5
MILITARY GOVERNMENT· GAZETTE
GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
. . .
Published by
.OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U. S.)
..
AMTSBLATT DER MILITARREGIERUNG·
.
DEUTSCHLAND .
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
Herausgegebeuvou
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
10 November 1947
Issue G
Aus~abe
G
10. November 1947
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SF
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MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
~D STATES AREA OF CONTROL
LAW NO_ 59
RESTITUTION
OF IDENTIFIABLE PROPERTY
MILITXBREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
.AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBmT
GESETZ NR. 59
RUCKERSTATTUNG FESTSTELLBARER
VERMO'GENSGEGENSTANDE
.'
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INHALTSVERZEICHNIS,
TABLE Of CONTENTS
Page(5)
Scite(!
I. ABSCIINITI
ALLGEMEINE VORSClIRlFTEN
PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
II. ABSCHNITI
ENTZOGENE VERMOGENSGEGENSTANDE
PART II
CONFISCATED PROPERTY
Article
Article
.Article
Article
Article
1-2
Acts of Confiscation
Presumption of Confiscation
Power of Avoidance
Donations
Bailment and Fiduciary Relationships
2 -
3 4 -
5 6 -
2
2-3
3
·3
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Article
7 -
8 -
Artikel
Article 17 -
7 -
Artikcl
Artikel 9
Artikel 10
4
Artikel 11
4
Artikel 12
Artikel 13 -
5
Artikel 14 Artikel 15 -
Article
Article
Article
Article
-
33 34 -
35 36 -
3
4
4
4
Artikel 16 -
5
ii
Artikel 17 -
Wertberechnung
;)
5
5
5
4.
5
IV. ABSCHNITT
BEGRENZUNG DER RVCKERSTATTUNG
5
6
6
6
Artikel 18 Artikel 19 Artikel 20 Artlkel 21 Artikel 22 -
6
Artikel 23 -
7
7
Artikel 24 Artikel 25 Artikel 26 -
7
7-8
Artikel 27 8
8,
Artikel 28 -
5
Zwangsenteignung
Schutz des ordnungsmaf3igen iiblichen
()
Geschaftsverkehrs
G
Geld
6
Inhaberpapiere
Riickerstattung bei Veranderung der
rechtlichen oder Kapitalstntktur von
6
Unternehmen
Durchfiihnmg
des Grundsatzes des
7
Artikels 22
7
Sonstige Unternehmen
7'
Zustellung
Ersatzleistung bei Veranderung ein2r
7
Sache
Riickerstattung eines Inbegriffs VOIl
8
Gegenstanden
8
Schuldnerschutz
V. ABSCHNITT
ERSATZ- UND NEBENANSPRVCIIE
PART V
COMPENSATION AND ANCILLARY CLAIMS
29
30
31
32
3
Berechtigter
Bestimmung von Naohfolgeorgani
sationen
Riickerstattungspfiichtiger
Rechtswirkung der Entscheidung tiber
den Riickerstattungsanspruch
Wahlweiser Anspruch auf Nachzahlung
PART IV
LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO RESTITUTIO:S
Article
Article
Article
Article
3
Rechtsnachfolger aufgeliister Per~onenvereinigungen
- Rechte einzelner Gesellschafter
- Nachfolgeorganisation als
Erbe von
Verfolgten
- Besondere Rechte der Nachfolgeorgani
sation des Artikels 10
-- Auskunftspfiicht von Rechtsnachfolgern
4
4
Persons Liable to Make Restitution
Effect of an Adjudication of a Resti
tution Claim
.
Alternative Claim for Additional Pay
ment.
Valuation
Article 18 - Expropriation
Article 19 -'-- Protection of Ordinary and' Usual
Business Trnnsactions
Article 20 - Money
Article 21 - Bearer Instruments
Article 22 - Restitution in Event of Changes in the
Legal or Financial Structure of an
Enterprise
Article 23 - Enforcement of the Principles Set Forth
. in Article 22
Article 24 - Other Enterprises
Article 25 - Service
Article 26 - Delivery of 'a Substitute in Lieu of
Restitution
Art.icle 27 - Restitution of an Aggregate of
Properties
Article 28 ~ Protection of Debtors
1-:
2
2-:
3
8 -
4
Rights of Individual Partners
Successor Organization as Heir to Perse
cuted Persons
Article 11 - Special Rights of Successor Organiza
tions
Article 12 - Obligation of Successors in Interest to
Give Infonnation
Article 13 -'- Designation of Successor Organizations
Article 16 -
Anfechtun~
Schenkungen
6 -Verwahrungs- und Treuhandverhaltnis3':
3
3
Person Entitled to Restitution (Herein
after called Claimant)
Successorship of Dissolved Associations
Article 9 'Article 10 -
Article 14. Article 15 -
EntziehungsftiUe
Entziehungsvermutung
2 3 4 5 -
III. ABSCHNITT
ALLGEMEINE BESTIMMUNGEN VBER DJE
RVCKERSTATTUNG
PART III
GENERAL PROVISIONS ON RESTITUTION
Article
Grundsatz
Artikel 1
Article 1 - Basic Principles
8-9
Artikel
Subrogation
Artikel
9
Strict Liability
Artikel
9
Mitigated Liability
Artikel
Return of Profits in Case of SImple
9
Confisca tion
Artikel
10
Release from Liability
Artikel
10
Compensation for Expenditures
10
. Artikel
Duty to Furnish Particulars
Artikel
10
Tit.le to Increase
I
8
Ersatz
9
Strenge Haftung
9
'Gemllderte Haftung
ein-
Hel'ausgabe von Nutzungen bei
9
facher Entziehung
10
33 - Haftungsausschlull
10
34 - Verwendungsanspriiche
LO
35.- Auskunftspfilcht
10
36 - Eigentumserwerb an Friichten
29
30
31
32
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Page(s) :
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PART VI
VI. ABSCHNI1T
FORTBESTAND VON RECHTEN UND HAFTUNG
CONTINUED EXISTENCE OF INTERESTS
AND LIABILITY FOR DEBTS
F'OR VERBINDLICBKEITEN
11
, Article 37 - Continued Existence of Interests
Artikel 37 - Fortbestand von Rechten
11
11
Article 38 - Devolving of EncumbranceS
Artikel 38 - Ubergang von Rechten
t1
11 I ArtJkel 39 - Schuldtibernahme
Article 39 - Personal LiapiUty
11
12
Article 40 - Demand for Assignment
Artikel 40 - Ubertragungsanspruch
12
Artikel 41 - Haftung' fUr Geschiift,,-verbindlichkelten 12
Article 41 - Liabilify for Debts of a Business Enter
prise
12
12-18
Article 42 - Leases
12-18
Artikel 42 - Miet- und Pachtverhliltnisse
18
Artikel 43 - Dienstvertrlige
Article 43 - Employment Contracts
18
(
VB. ABSCHNITT
ANSPR'OCHE DES R'OCKERSTATTUNGS
PFLICBTIGEN AUF R'OCKGEWltBR UND
AUSGLEICB
PART VB
CLAIMS OF THE RESTlTUTOR FOR REFUND
AND INDEMNIFICATION
Article 44 - Obligation to Refund
Article 45 - Equitable Lien
Article 46 - Judicial Determination of Terms ~~
, Payment
Article 47 - Claims for Indemnification
Article 48 - Lien of Third Pel'lSOns on Claims of the
Restitutor
Article
Article
Article
,
tcle
.icle
Article
14
14
14
Artikel 44 - Rtickgewii'hrpflicht
Artlke! 45 - Zurtlckbehaltungsrecht
Artikel 46 - Gerichtliche Festsetzung fUr
Zah!unge~
Artikel 47 - ROckgriffsansprtlche
Artikel 48 - Rechte Dritter an den Anspruchi,m des
Rtickerstattungspflichtfgen
,
14
14
I
57 58 59 -
60 61 62 63 _.
64 65 -
PART IX
FILING OF cLAIMs
Central FiUng Agency
15
Form Requirements and Period of Limi
tation for Filing Claims
16
Relation to other Remedies
16
Contents of Petition to be Filed
16
Venue
16-17
Jurisdictipn of Subject Matter
17
Notice of Claim
17
Procedure before the Restitution Agency 17 -18
Reference to the Court
18
Appeal (Einspruch)
18
Execution
18
Article 66 -
PART X
PROCEEDING
Members' of the Restltution Chamber
Article 67 Article 68 Article 69 -
Procedure
Form and Contents of the Decision
Board of Review
,,'
IX. ABSCBNITT '
ANMELDEVERFABREN
Artikel 55 - Zentralmeldeamt
ArtJkel 56 - Form und Frist der Anmeldung
.;J.e 70 Article 71 -
PART XI'
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
Petition by h Public ProSecutor
Conftlct of Jurisdiction
Article 72 -
PART XII
ASSESSMENT OF COSTS
Costa
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k:,
l5
16
Verhliltnis zum ordentlichen Rechtsweg 16
16
Inhalt der Anmeldung
16--,17
Ortliche Zustlindigkelt
17
60 - Sachliche Zustiindigkeit
17
61- Bekanntgabe der Anmeldung
62 - Verfahren vor der WiedergutmaC'hungs
behOrde
17-18
Artikel 63 - Verweisung an das Gericht
18
Artikel 64 - Einspruch
18
Artikel 65 - Vollstreckbarkeit
. 18
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
ArtJkel
Artikel
Artikel
SUDIC~
t
13
18
14
VIIL ABSCBNlTT,
PART VUJ
ALLGEMEINE VERFAHRENSBESTIMMUNGEN
GENERAL RULES OF PROCEDURE
14-15
49 - Basic Principles
,14-15 1 Artike! 49 - Grundsab:
15
50 - Right of 'Succession and Foreign Law
15 I ArtJkel 50 - Erbrecht und ausllindisches Recht
15
15
51 - Presumption of Death
Artikel 51 - Todes~rmutun'jl
15
52 - Safeguardhlg'
15
Artikel 52 - Sicherungspftioht
11>
15
53 - Trustee
Artikel 53 - Treuhlinder
Artikel 54 - Zustiindigkeit anderer Behorden zu
54 - Jurisdiction of Other Authorities to Take
15
MaBnahmen nach Artikel 52, 53
Measures as Set Forth in Articles 52
15
and 53
Article 55 Article 56 Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
A,rticle
Article
Article
Article
13
18
18
Artikel
18-19
19
19
Artikel
Artikel
Artlkel
57 -
58 59 -
X. ABSCBNITT
GERICIITLICBES VERFABREN
66 - BesetzUlng der Wiedergutmachungs
18
kammer
18-19
67 - Verfahren
19
68 - Fonn und Inhalt d,er Entscheidung
19
69 - Board of Review
20
XI. ABSCBNlTT
BESONDERE VERFABREN
Artlkel 70 - Antragsiecht der Staalsanwaltsc'haft
Artikel 71 - ZusUindigkeitsbereinigung
20 ..
20
XU. ABSCBNlTT
KOSTENBESTIMMUNGEN
Artikel 72 - Kosten
20
19
n
19
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PART XIII
DUTl' TO REPORT AND PENALTIES
20-21
Article 73 - Duty to Report
Article 74 - Obligation to Inspect the Land Title
.
.
Register and other Public Registers
21
Article 75 - Penalties
21
21
Article 76 - Penalties (continued)
22
Article 77. Penalties (continued)
(n)
PART XIV
RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF BIGHTS OF
·13
22
Article 78 - Exclusion from Inheritance
Article 79 ,- Avoidance of Testamentary Dispositions
and of Disclaimers of Inheritance
22
Article 80 - Testamentary Disposition of a Perse
22
cuted Person
22-23
Article 81 - Re-Establishment of Adoptions
Article 82 -
23
Jurisdiction
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Article 84 ArUcle ~5
Article 86 Article 87 Article 88 -
Article
Article
Article
Article
89
90
91
92
-
Article 93 Article 94 ArUcle 95 -
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XIII. ABSCHNITr
ANZEIGEPFLICHT UND STRAFBESTIMMUNGEN
Artikel 73 - Anzeigepflicht
20
Artikel 74 - Pfiichtz~r Ein:;icht des Grundbuchs und
anderer offenthcher Register
2
Artikel 75 - Strafbestimmungen
2
Artikel 76 - Strafbestimmungen (Fortsetzung)
2:
Artikel 77 - Strafbestimmungen (Fortsetzung)
2:
XIV. ABSCHNITT
WIEDERHERSTELLUNG VON ERBRECHTEN
UND KINDESANNAHMEVERHlU.TNISSEN
ArUkel 78 - Erbverdrangung
2:
Artikel 79 - Anfechtbarkeit von Verfilgungen von
Todes wegen und Erbschaftsausschla
gungen
2:
Artikel 80 - Verfolgten-Testament
2:
Artikel 81 - Wieder'herstellung von Kindesannallme
verha1tniss,~n
.
22
Artikel 82 - Zustiindigkeit
21
PART XV
REINSTATEMENT OF TRADE NAMES
AND OF NAMES OF ASSOCIATIONS
Article 83 -
#,' \'
XV. ABSCHNITT
WIEDERHERSTELLUNG
VON FlRMEN UND NAMEN
Re-Registmtion of Cancelled Trade
23
Names
23-24
Change of Trade Name
24
Names of Corporations
Reinstatement of Trade Names in Other
24
caSes
Names of Associations and 'Endowments
(Stiftungen)
24
Procedure
24
PART XVI
FINAL PROVISIONS
Claims Reserved to Special Legislation 24
24
Statute of Limitations
24
Taxes and Other Levies
Implementing and Carrying-out
24-:l5
Provisions
25
Jurisdiction of German Courts
Official Text'
25
Effective Date
25
Artikel 83 -
Artikel 87 -
Wicdereintragung einer geloschten
Firma
2;
Anderung der Firma
23
Firmen juristischer Personen
24
Wiederherstellung von Firmennamen in
sonstigen Fallen
24
Vereins- und Stiftungsnamen
24
Artikel 88 -
Verfahren
Artikel 84 Artikel 85 Artikel 86 -
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
Artikel
89 90 91 92
Artikel 93 Artikel 94 Artikel 95 -
24
XVI. ,ABSCHNITT
SCHLUSSBESTIMMUNGEN
Vorbehaltene Ansprtiche
Fristenlauf
Steuern und Abgaben
Ausftihrungs- und Durchftihrunis
vorschriften
Zustiindigkeit der deutschen Gerichte
Mallgeblicher Text
Inkrafttreten
-18
I
19
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24
2(
24
24 .
25
25
25
�,4
PART I
ERSTER ABSCHNITT'
GENERAL PROVISIONS
ALLGEMEINE VORSCHRIFTEN
ARTICLE 1
ARTIKEL 1
Basic Principles
1. It shall be the purpose of this Law to effect to the
largest extent possible the speedy restitution of ddentifiable
property (tangible and intangible property and aggregates
of tangible and intangible. property) to persons who were
wrongfully deprived of such ,property within the period
from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 for reasons of race,
religJion, nationality, ideology or political opposition to.
National SociaLism. For the purpose of this Law deprivation
of property for reasons of nationality shall not include
measures which under recognized rules of international law
are usually permissilble against property of nationals of
enemy countries.
2. Property shall be restored to its former owner or to
his successor in ,interest jn accordance with t)1e provisions
of this Law even though the interests of other persons who
had no knowledge of the wrongful taking must be sub
ordinated Provisions of law for the protection of purcha
sers in good faith, which would defeat restitution, shall be
disregarded except where this Law provides otherwise.
PART
Grundsaiz
I
1. Zweck des Gesetzes ist es, die Rtickerstattu~g' res
stellbarer Vermogensgegenstiinde (Sachen
Rechte II
begriffe von Sachen und Rechten) an Person~n, denen' sie ;
derZeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945 aus Griindc
der Rasse, Religion, NatiQnaHtiit, Weltanschauung oder pol
tischen Gegnerschaft gegen den Nationa)sozialismus entzogc
worden sind, im groBtmoglichen Umfange beschleunigt 2
bewirken. Eine Entzieihung von Vermogensgegenstande
aus GrUnden der Nationalitiit im Shine dieses Gesetzes el
streckt sich nicht auf MaBnahmen, die unter anerkannte
Regeln des internationalen Rechts iiblicherweise gegen Vel
mogen von Staatsangehorigen feindlicher Lander zulassi
sind.
2. Vermogensgegenstiinde nach MaBgabe der Bestirr:
mungen dieses Gesetzes sind auch dann an ihren ursprilne
lichen Inhaber oder dessen Rechtsnachiolger ZUrUl:K
zuerstatten, wenn die Rechte anderer Personen, die vo
dem begangenen Unrecht keine Kenntnis hatten, zurilcK
treten mussen. Der RUckerstattung entgegenstehende VOl
schriften zum Schutze gutgUiubiger EI'!Werber bleiben auBf
Betracht, SQweitnicht in diesem Gesetz etwas anderes be
sHmmt ist.
n
ZWEITER ABSCHNITT
CONFISCATED PROPERTY
ARTICLE 2
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•
ENTZOGENE VERMOGENSGEGENSTltNDE
ARTIKEL 2
,
Acts of Confisca.tion
Entziehungsflille
1. Property shall be, considered connsc·ated within the·
1. Vermogensgegenstiinde sind. im Sinne dieses Gesetze
entzogen, wenn sie der Inhaber eingebiiBt oder trotz be.
provisions of this Law if the person entitled thereto has
grtindeter Anwartschaft nicht erlangt hat infoJge
.
been deprived of it, or has failed to obtain it despite a well
founded legal expectancy of acquisition, as the result of:
(a) ·eines gegen die guten Sitten verstoBenden Rechts
geschiiftes oder einer Drohung, oder einer wider
(a) A transaction contra. bonos mores, threats or duress,
rechtlichen Wegnahme oder sonstigen unerlaubtel
or an unlawful taking or any other tort;
Handlung,
(b) Seizure due to a governmental act or by abuse of
(b) Wegnaihme durch Staatsakt oder durch MiBbrauc]
such act;
eines Staatsaktes,
(c) Seizure as the result of measures taken by the.
(c) Wegnahme durch MaBnahmen der NSDAP, ihre
NSDAP, its formations .or affiliated organizations;
Gliederungen oder angeschlossenen Verbande,
prowded the acts descri'bed in (a) to (c) were caused by
or' constituted measures of persecution for any of the reasons, 'sofern die unter' (a) bis (c) fallenden Tatbestande durch Ver
folgungsmaBnahmen aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 ver
set ·forth in Article 1.
ursacht waren oder solche VerfolgungsmaBnahmen dar·
2. It shall not be permissible to plead that an act was stellten.
not wrongful or contra. bonos mores because' it conformed
2. Niemand wird mit der Einwendung gehOrt, seine Hand
with a prevailing ideology concerning discrimination against lungsweise sei deshalb nicht rechts- oder sittenwidrig ge·
individuals on account of their race, religion, national!ity, wesen, weilsie allgemeinen AnsC'htauungen entsprocher.
ideology or their political o.pposition to National Socialism.
habe, die eine Schlechterstellung einzelner wegen !hrcl
3. Confiscation by a governmental act within the mean
Rasse, Religion, Nationalitiit, Weltanschauung oder Ihrel
Gegnerschaft gegen den Nationalsozialismus zum Inhal
ing of paragraph 1 (b) shall ,be deemed to include, among
other acts, sequestTl8.tion, confiscation, forfeiture by order hatten.
or operation of law, and transfer !by. order of the State
3. Als Wegnahme durch Staatsakt im Sinne des Ab·
satz 1 (b) gelteD: u. a. Einziehung, Verfallerkliiru!lg, Verla)
or ,by a trustee appointed by the State. The forfeiture by
kraft Gesetzes und Verfiigung auf Grund staathcher Auf·
virtue of a judgment of a criminal court shall also be con
lage oder durch staatlicn bestellten Treuhander. Ais Weg:
sidered a confiscaticm py a governmental act, if such judg
ment has been vacated by order of an appropriate court or. nahme .durch Staatsakt gilt auch die Einziehung ~urcl.
strafgerichtliches Urteil, wenn das Urteil durch. Genchts
by operation of law.
beschluB oder kraft Gesetzes aufgehoben worden 1st
4. A judgment or order of a court, or of an adlninistra
4. Als MiBbrauch von Staatsakten gilt insbesondere ~in(
tive agency, whioh, although <based on general provisions
auf allgemeinen Vorschriften beruhende, jedoch ~~sschheJ3:
of law, was handed down solely or primarily with the pur
lich oder vorwiegend zum Zwecke der Benachteillgung de.
pose of injuring the party affected by it for any of tr.e
Betroffenen aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 ergan~ene Ent
reasons set .forth in Article 1 shall be deemed a specific scheidung oder Verfiigung eines Gerichts oder em~r Ver
instance of the abuse of a ,governmen tal act. The abuse
waltungsbeh&de, ferner die Erwirkung 'von Entscheldunger.
of a governmental act shall also include the procurement o.f
und Vollstreckungsma!3nahmen unter Ausnutz~n~ des U~
a judgment or of measures ot' execution by exploiting the
standes daB jemand wegen seiner Rasse, RcliglOn, Natio
circumstance that the apponentwas, actually or by law, naliUit 'Weltanschauung oder seiner politischen Geg~er
prevented ,from protecting his interests :by virtue of his race, schaft 'gegen den Nationalsozialismus zur Wahrung semel
Rechte tatsachlich oder rechtlich nicht imstande war
religion, nationality, ideology or his .political opposition to
Die Wiedergutmachungsorgane (Wiedergutmnchungsbchorde,
National Socialism. The Restitution Authorities (Restitu
1
�Wiedergutmachungskammer ,und Beschwerdegericht) haben
cine solche Entscheidung oder Verf(lgwlg ,eines Gerlchts
oder einer Verwaltungsbehorde als nichUg zu behandeln
ohne Riicksicht darauf, ob sie nach geltendem Recht rechts
,uiiftig 1st, und ob sie 1m Wiederaufnahmeverfahren an
gefochten werden konnte.
.'
A.g cy Restitution Chamber and Oberlandesgericht)
(,' .Ion ~ga'rd any such judgment ar order ,.of a court or
ll
~tratlve agency whether. or not it may otherwise be
appealed or reopened under eXlsting law.
t
ARTICLE 3
PresDmp'lon of Conftseatlon
ABTIKEL 3
Entziehungsvermutung
1 It shall be presumed in favor of any claimant that
the' following transactions entered, into between 30 J,anu~
1933 'and 8 May 1945 conl)titute acts of confiscation withm
the mean,tng of Article 2:
. (a) Any transfer or relinquishment of property made
during a period of persecuUonby any person who
was directly exposed to persecutory measures on
any of the grounds set forth in Article 1;
(b) Any transfer or reldnquishment of property made
'by a person who belonged to a class of' persons
which on any of the ,grounds set ·forth in Article 1
was to be eliminated in its entirety from the cul
'tural and economic life of Germany by measures
taken by the State or the N!3DAP.
2. In the absence of other factors provdng an act.of con
fiscation within the meaning of Articie 2, the presumptions
set forth in para'graph 1 may be rebutted by showing that
tho' transferor' was paid a fair purchase price. Such evi-,
dence by itself shall not, however, rebut the presumptions
it the transteror was denied the free right of disposal of the
purchase price on any of the grounds set forth in Article 1.
3. A fairpurch.ase price within the meandng of this
~ >:Jicle shall mean the amount of money which a willing
t ';er would pay and a willing seller would take, taking
\, ,~consideration, in the case of a commercial enterprise,
the normal good will which such enterprise would have in
the hands of a person not subject to persecutor)' measures
referred to in Article 1.
, 1. Zu Gunsten eines Berechtigten wird vermutet, daB cin
in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945 abgeschlos
senes Reehtsgeschiift eine Verm6gensentziehung 1m Sinne
.
des Artikels 2 darstellt:
(a) Wenn die Veriiul3erung oder Aufgabe des Ver
m6gensgegenstandes in der Zeit der Verfolgungs-,
maBnahmen von einer Person vorgenommen wor
den ist, die VerfolgungsmaBnahmen aus Griinden
des Artikels 1 unmittelbar ausgesetzt war;
(b) wenn die Veraul3erung oder Aufgabeeines Ver-'
m6gensgegenstandes ,seitens einer Person vor
genommen wurde, die zu einer Gruppe von Per
sonen geMrte, welche in ihrer Gesamthelt aus den
Griinden des Artikels 1 durch MaJ3nahmen des
Staates oder der NSDAP aus dem kulturellen und
wirtschaftlidben Leben Deutschlands ausgeschaltet
werden sollte.
2. Vorausgesetzt, datl keine anderen Tatsachen fUr das
Vorliegen einer Entziehung 1m Sinne des Artikels 2'sprechen,
kann die Vermutung des Absatz 1 durch den Beweis wider
legt werden, daJ3 dem Verau13erer einangemessener Kauf
preiS bezahlt worden, ist. Dleser Beweis al1ein widerlegt
jedoch die Vermutung rucht, wenn dem Veraul3erer aus den
Griinden des Artikels 1 das Recht der !reien Verfiigung
tiber den Kauipreis verweigert worden ist.
3. Ein angemessener Kaufpreis 1m Sinne dleses Artikels
ist derjenige Geldbetrag, den ein Kauflustiger zu zahlell
und eln VerkaufslusUger anzunehmen berelt ware, wobel
bel Geschiiftsunternehmen der Firmenwert (good will) be
riicksichtigt wird, den ein solohes Unternehmen in den Han
den einer Person hatte, die VerfolgungsmaBnahmen aus den
Griinden des Artikels 1 nieht unterworfen war.
ARTICLE ,
Power of AvoIdance
,
1. Any transadian entered into by a person ,belonging to
a class referred to, :in Paragraph 1 ~b) of Article 3 within
the period from 15 September 1935 (the date of the first
Nuremberg laws) to 8 May 1945 may, because of the duresS
imposed on such class, be avoided by a claimant where such
transaction .involved the transfer or relinquishment of any
property unless:
(a) The transaction as such and with its essential terms
'WOUld have taken place even in the absence of
National Socialism, or'
(b) The transferee protected the' prop'erty interests of
the cladmant (Article 7) or his predecessor in inter
est in an unusual manner and with substantial
sucooss, for example,by helping him In transferring
his assets abroad .or through shnilar assistance.
2. In determining under paragraph 1 (a) whether the
transaction would have taken place even in the absence of
National SOCialism, the fact that
the transferor himself offered to sell the property to
the transferee, or
tho transferor received a fair purchase price (see
Article 3, paragraph 3) the free right of disposal of
(.~,.'., hlch was not denied him on any of the grounds set
'_ ;rth in Article 1,
shall be considered by the Restitution Authority together
with all other facts, but neither fact, either singly or in con
junction with the other, shall be sufficient to show that the
:ransacUon would have taken place even in the absence of
:-:a11onal Socialism.
ARTIKEL'
Anfechtung
1. Der Berechtigte kann efn Rechtsgeschiift, das von einer'
zur 'Gruppe des Absatz l(b) des Artikels 3 geMrigen Person
in der Zeit vom 15. September 1935 (Datum der ersten
Niirnberger Gesetze) bis zum 8. Mal 1945 vorgenommen wor
den ist, wegen der Zwangslage, in der sleh diese Gruppe
befand, anfechten, wenn das Rechtsgeschaft die Verau.Ue
rung oder Aufgabe eines Verm6gensgegenstandes zum Inhalt hatte, es sei denn, daB
.
(a) das Rechtsgeschiift als solches und mit seinen we
sentlichen Bestimmungen auch ohne die Herrschaft
des Nationalsozialismus abgeschlossen worden
ware,oder
(b) der Erwerber die Vermogensinteressen des Berech
iigten (Artikel 7) oder seines Rechtsvorgangers in
besonderer Weise und mit wesentlichem Erfolg,
insbesondere durch Mitwirkung 'bei einer, Ver
mogensubertragung ins Ausland oder durch a'hn
liche Ma13nahmen, wahrgenommen hat.
2. Bel der Feststellung, ob nach Absatz 1 (a) das Rechts
geschi:ift auch ohne die Herrschaft des Nationalsozial1smus
abgeschlossen worden ware, konnen die Tatsachen, daB der
Veraul3erer den Vermogensgegenstand selbst dem Erwerber
angeboten oder daJ3 er einen angemessenen Kaufpreis (Ar
tikel 3, Absatz 3) erhalten !hat, ohne daB ihm dabel aus den
GIilnden des Artikels 1 die freie Verfugung tiber den Kauf
preis verweigert wurde, zusammen mit anderen Tatsachen
in Betracht gezogen werden. Es soilen aber diese beiden
Tatsachen, jede fiir slch allein oder belde zusammen, noch
nieht zum Nachweis dafiir ausreichen, daJ3 das Rechts
geschlift auch ohne die Herrschaft des Nationalso,daUsmus
abgesdhlossen worden wtire.
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3. Similarly neither of these facts, either singly or in con
junction with the other, shall be sufficient to show that the
claimant is estopped from exercising the power of avoidance
by reason of his own previous conduct or that of his pre
decessor in interest.
4. The term "claim for restitution" as used in this Law
shall be deemed to include all claims based on the right
to exercise the power of avoidance. The exercise of the
power of avoidance shall have the effect that the property
transferred or relinquished pursuant to the voided trans
action shall for the purposes of this Law be deemed to be
coruftscated property.
5. The filing of a claim for restitution shall. whether or
not it is specifically stated, be deemed to be an exercise of
the right of avoidance on behalf of the person entitled to
exercise such right.
3. Ebensowenic sollen diese beiden Tatsachen, jede fi
slch allein oder beide zusammen. zum Nachweis damr au'
relchen, daB der Berechtigte sich durch die Antechtung ;
unzull.isslger Weise zu seinem o<:!er seines Rechtsvorgange:
frilheren Verhaiten in Wldersoruch setzt.
'
4. Der Ausdruck ••Riickerstattungsanspruch" 1m Sin!
dieses Gesetzes umfaBt auch das Anfechtungsrecht und d
aus dies em folgendeh AnspIiiche. Die AusUbung des Al
fechtungsrech:ts hat die Wirkung. daB der durch das al
gefochtene Rechtsgeschaft Ubertragene oder aufgegcbcl
Vermogensgegenstand als entzogenes Vermogen 1m Sim
dieses Gesetzes gilt.
5. Die Anmeldung eines Riickerstattungsanspruchs . gi
als Ausilbung des Anfechtungsrechts seitens des Anfecl
tungsberechtigten ohne RUcksicht darauf. ob in der Anme
dung eine ausdrUckliche Anfechtungserklarung enthalten i!
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ARTICLE 5
ARTIKEL.5
Schenkungen
Donations
Where a person persecuted for any of the reasons set
lorth in Article 1 has transferred property to another gra
tuitOllsly' within the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May
1945, it shall be presumed that the transfer constituted a
bailment or fiduciary relationship rather than a donation.
This presumption shall not apply where the personal
relations between the transferor and the recipient make it
probable ,that the transfer const.ituted a donation based on
moral considerations (Anstandsschenkung); no c!aJms for
restitution may be asserted in such cases.
Hat ein aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 Verfolgter in d.
Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mai 1945 einem anderE
Vermogensgegenstande unentgeltllch Uberl~ssen. so wi!
vermutet, daB keine Schenkung, sandern eme Verwahrur
oder ein Treuhandverhaltnis vorliegt. Die Vermutun.g gl
nicht.soweit nach den persOnlichen Beziehunge,: z\"w~h'
dem Oberlassenden und dem Empfanger das Vorhegen elO'
Anstandsschenkung naheliegt; ein RiickerstattungsansprUt
1st in dlesem Faile nieht gegeben.
ARTICLE 6
Bailment and Fiduciary Relationships
1. The provisions of Parts III to VII of this Law shall not
apply to bailments and fiduciary agreements entered Into
in order to prevent damage to 'property threatened for any
of the reasons set forth in Article 1, or to mitigate existing
damage to property infiicted for such reasons.
2. The claimant (Article 7) may at any time terminate
contracts and any other arrangements described in par
agraph 1, such termination to be effective immediately, any
contractual or statutory provisions ;to the contrary notwith
standing.
3. It shall not be an admissible defense for the bailee or
fiduciary that ,the contracts and agreements described in
paragraph 1 violated a statutory prohibition existing at the
time of the transaction or enacted thereafter, or that a
statutory or contractual form requirement had not been
complied with, provided that this failure was attributable
to the National Socialist regime.
ARTIKEL 6
Verwahrungs- und Treuhandverhliitnis,e
1. Auf Verwahrungsvertrage und treuhanderische. Recht
geschafte, die die Abwendung oder Verminderu,?g emes a
den Grunden des Artikels 1 drohenden oder emg,:treteJ'l(
Vermogensschadens bezweckten, finden die Vorschrlften d
III. bis VII. Abschnitts dieses Gesetzes keioe Anwendun
2. Vertrage und sonstige Rechtslleschafte der in Absatz
bezeichneten Art konnen ohne Riicksicht auf entgegel
stehEmde vertragliche oder gesetzliche Bestimmu!,gen v.<
dem Berechtigten (Artikel 7) jederzeit mit sofortIger WI
kung gekUndigt werden.
3. Der Verwahrer oder Treuhander wird nieht mit ~.e
Einwand gehort, daB Vertrage und sonstig~ Rechtsg~sc~af
der in Absatz 1 bezeichneten Art gegen etn zur ZeIt ~hr
Abschlu'SiSeS bestehendes oder fflJater erlassenes gesetzllch
Verbot verstoBen oder daB ein auf Gesetz oder Recht.
geschiift beruhendes Formerfordernls nicht erfiillt Vlurc
sofern die Form wegen der nationalsozialistischen Her
schaft rucht eingehalten wurde.
e
n-
PART III:
e1ft
GENERAL PROVISIONS ON RESTITUTION
en
ARTICLE 7
Person Entitled to Restitution (Hereinafter caned Claimant)
h
in
DRITTER ABSCHNITT
ALLGEMEINE BESTIMMUNGEN
OBER DIE ROCKERSTATTUNG
ARTIKEL't
BerechUgter
Der Riick~rstattungsanspruoh steht demjenigen zu, d~
ein Vermogensgegenstand entzogen wurde (Verfolgter) oel
seinem Rechtsnachfolger.
The claim for restitution shall apPertain to any person
whose ,property was confiscared (hereinafter called Perse
cuted Person) or to 'any successor in interest.
Ig,
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ARTIKEL 8
Rechtsna.chfolger aulgeliSster Personenvereinigungen
ARTICLE 8
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Successorship of Dissolved Associa,tions
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1. 1st eine jUristlsche Person oder eine nicht .recht~fahi
Personenvereinigung aus den Grunden des Artlkels 1 at
gelost oder zur Selbstauflosung gezwungen word~~, so ka,
der Riickerstattungsanspruoh. der ihr z~stehen wurde..~~
sie nicht aufgelOst worden ware, von emer v?n der Mlllt<
regierung zu bestimmenden Nachfolgoorgamsat!on gelte
gemacht werden.
2. Die Vorschriften des Absatz 1 finden auf die in A
tikel 9 aufgefUhrten Gesellschaften und juristlschen' p(
sonen keine Anwendung,
1. If a juridical person or uruincorporated association was
dissolved or forced to dissolve for any 01 the reasons set
forth in Article 1, the claim for restitution which would
have appertained to' such juridical person and unincorporated
association had it not been dissolved, may be enforced by
a successor organization to be appointed by Military Govern
ment.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 sh~l1 not be applicable
to the organizations referred to in Article 9.
3
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�ARTIKEL 9
ARTICLE 9
RI,bts of Individual Partners
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Rechte einzelner Gesellschafter
War eine Gesellschaft oder juristische Person des Han
delsrechts aus den GrUnden des Artikels 1 aufgelOst oder.
zur Selbsiauflosung gezwungen wo.rden, so kann der RUck
erstattungsanspruch, tSOlange keine Nachfo.lgero.rgan1isatio.n
bestimmt 1st, von jedem Gesellschafter geltend gemacht
werden. Der RUckerstattungsanspruch gilt als zu· Gunsten
aller Gesellschafter, denen der gleiche AnspruC'h zusteht, er
ho.ben. Die Riicknahme des Antrags o.der ein Vergleich
muB von dem Wiedergutmachungsorgan genehmigt' werden,
vo.r dem der Anspruch anhlingig ist. Vo.n der Erhebung
des Anspruchs mUssen die anderen bekannten Gesellschafter
oder ihre Reootsnachfolger einschlieBlich einer gem liB Ar
tikel 10 zustlindigen Nachfo.Igeorganisation benachrichtigt
werden. An die Stelle vo.n GeseUschaftern, deren Anschrift
unbekannt ist, tritt fUr das Verfahren die Nachfolgeorgani
sation im Rahmen ihrer Beftignisse nach Maf3gabe des Ar
tikels 11.
.
ARTIKEL 10
Nachfoigeorganisation als Erbe von Verfolgten
If a partnership, company or corporaIlion o.l'ganized under
the Commercial Law, was dissolved or fo.rced to. dissolve
fo.r any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, the claim fo.r
restitution may be asserted by any assaciate{!partner,
member or ·sharehdlder). The clarim for resWltution shall
·be deemed to have been filed o.n behalf of all assooi'ates who.
have the same cause o.f actio.n. The claim may be with
drawn o.r co.mprom~sed ..9nly with the appro.val o.f the
appro-priateRestitutio.n Autho.rity. No.tice afthe filing of
the claim shall ,be given to all o.ther kno.wn associates o.r
their succeSSo.rs in interest and to a succeSso.r organiza
tion co.moetent acco.rding to. Article 10. Within the limits
o.f 1tsautho.rity the successor o.rganization may represent
in the pro.ceedings any asso.ciate who.se address is un
kno.wn, au accordance with the pro.visions o.f Article 11.
ARTICLE 10
Successor Organization as lIeir to Persecuted Persons
A successo.r o.rganizatio.n to. be appointed 'by ,Military
Government, shall, instead of the State, be entitled· to
th,::! entire estate o.f any persecuted person in the case
provided for· an Section 1936 o.f the Civil Co.de (Escheat
o.f estate of person dying witho.ut heirs). Neither the State
no.r any of its SUbdivisions no.r a Po.litical self-go.verning
body will be aPPo.inted as successor ol'ganization., The
same shall apply to. other rights lin the nature o.f escheat
based o.n any o.ther pro.visio.n of law.
1m FaIle des § 1936 BGB. ist Erbe ein.es Verfolgten hin
sichtlich des gesamten Nachlasses an Stelle des Staates
eine vOll der Militiirregierung zu bestimmende Nachfol<te
organisation. Als Nachfolgeorganisatio.n darI weder der
Staat, noch eine Gliederung desselben, o.der ein gemeind
licher Selbstverwaltungskorper bestimmt werden.
Das
gleiche gilt fUr Heimk];l-, Aniall- und RUckfallreohte auI
Grund sonstiger gesetzlicher Bestimmungen.
.
ARTICLE 11
Special Rights of Successor Org-anizations
1. If within six mo.nths after the effective date of this
- "W no pztitio.n fo.r restitutio.n has Ibeen flIed with respect
,co.nfiscated pro.perty, a successo.r o.rganlizatio.n appointed
_rsuant to Article 10 may file such a petitio.n on o.r befo.re
31 December 1948 and apply fo.r all measures necessary
to. safeguard the !pro.perty.
2. If the claimani himself has no.t flIed a petitio.n o.n
o.rbefo.re 31 December 1948, the 'SUccessor o.rganizatio.n by
virtue o.f filing the petition shall acquire tho:e legal positio.n
o.f the claimant. OnIyafier that date; and no.t pr.ior thereto,
shall lit be entitled to pro.secute the claim.
3. The provisio.Il5 o.f paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof shall
no.t apply 4£, and to the extent to Which, the claiman.t, in
the period fro.m 8 May 1945 to 31. December 194B, has· de
livered a waiver of his claim fo.r restitutio.n, an writing
and in express terms, to. the resmtutor, the apPfOiPriate
Restitution Authority, or the Central Filing Agency.
ARTIKEL 11
Besondcre Rechte der Nachfolgeorganisation des Artikels 10
1. Eine nach Artikel 10 bestimmte Nachfo.lgeorganisation
kann. wenn innerhalb vonsechs Monaten naclh dem In
krafttreten dieses Gesetzes hinsichtlich eines entzogenen
Verrriogensgegenstandes kein RUckerstattungsanspruch an
gemeldet wird. dies-en bis zum· 31. Dezember 1948 anmelden
und aIle zur Slcherstellung des Vermogensgegenstandes er
fo.rderlichen Mallnahmen beantragen.
2. Sofern nieht der Berechtigte bis zum 31. Dezember 1943
seinerseits den Anspruchanmeldet, erwirbt die Nachfo.lge
o.rganisatio.n auf Grund ilhrer Anmeldung die Rechtsstellung
des Berechtigten. Erst mit diesem Rechtserwerb erlangt sie
das Recht. den Anspruch weiter zu verfolgen.
3. Die Absatze 1 und 2 finden keine Anwendung, soweit
der Berechtlgte in der Zeit vom 8. Mai 1945 bis zum 31. De
zember 1948 schriftliche und ausdrUcklich gegenuber dem
Riickerstattungspflichtlgen, der zustiindigen Riickerstat
tungsbehorde oder dem Zentralanmeldeamt auf seinen
RUckerstattungsanspruch verzichtet hat.
ARTICLE 12
Obligation· of Successors in Interest to Give Information
ARTIKEL 12
AuskunfspfJicht' von Rechtsnachfolgem
1. Berechtigte. die den RUckerstattungsanspruch mittel
bar o.der unmittelbar vo.n dem Verfo.Igten erworben haben.
sind auf Ano-rd'l'lung e<irnes Wiedergutma-chungsorgans ver
pflichtet. eine Ihnen bekannte Anschrift ihrer Rechtsvor
giing~r, inl"besondere desVerfolgten oder seiner Erben, mit
zuteilen· o.der eine eidesstattliche Versicherung darliber bei
zubringen, daB ihnen weder deren geg~nwlirtige Anschrift
no.dh Anhaltspunkte zu ·deren Ermittlung bekannt sind.
2. Eine nach Artikel 10 bestimmte Nachfolgeo.rganisation
1st verpflichtet. eine ihr bekannte Anschrift des Berech
tieten oder ihr bekannte Anhaltspunkte zur Ermittlung des
selben anzugeben o.der. eine eidesstattliche Versicherung
eines gesetzlichen Vertreters darUber beizubringen, daB
weder die gegenwlirtige Anschrift des Berechtigten no.ch
Anhaltspunkte zur Ermittlung desselben bekannt sind.
l. If so. ordered·by the appropriate Restitutio.n Authority
a claimant who. acquired the claim for restitutio.n directly
o.r indirectly from the persecuted perSon shall submit, i·f
kno.wn to. him, either the address of his predecessors in
interest, in particular of the. persecuted person, or o.f hils
heirs, o.r execute an affidavit to the effect that he does not
. know the present addreSs o.r any data from whIch it might
be ascertained.
.
2. The successo.r o.rganizatio.n appointed ipursuant to.
Article 10 shall submit the address of the perso.n entitled
to. resMtutio.n, prov.ided it is kno.wn to' it, or such data
kno.wn to. it which might serve to. locate this person, or an
affidavit signed by its legal representative to. the effect
that it knows neither the address o.f the perso.n entitled
to restitution nor any data which might serve to locate this
r-~1n.
ARTIKEL 13
Bestimmung von Nachfolgeorganisationen
Ausfiihrungsbestimmungen der Militiirregierung werden
Re~ulatio.ns to b~ issued by Milita;y Government will des niiheren regeIn: Das Verfahren betreffend die Bestim
pro~lde. for the. manner of appointment o.f successor or- . mung von Nachfolgeorganisationen, deren Pflichten eecren
garuzatlOns, the'lr obligatio.ns to their ,persecutee charges
Uber den betreuten Geschiidigten und deren sonstige Rechte
and. any further rights or obligations they may have unde~ und Pflichten nach Mallgabe des Rechts der Militlirregie
Mihtary Government or German law.· . . .
.
rung und des deutschen Rechts.
'"
ARTICLE 13
Designation of Successor Organizations
4
"
�ARTICLE 14
•
Persons Liable
n
1t
:n
I
i
to' Make Restitution
The person liable to make restitution (hereinafter referred
to as restitutor), within the mean.ing of this Law, is the
present pcssessor of confiscated' tangible property or the
present holder of a confiscated intangible interest, "or of an
aggregate of tangible and intangible property.
i
ARTIKEL 14
RUckerstattungspftlchtiger
Unter dem: ROckerstattungspfiichtigen im Sinne dieses G
setzes zu verstehen ist der derzeitige Inhaber dcr Eigel
tOmerstellung an der" entzogenen Sache oder derzeitige II
haber des entzogenen Rechts oder InbegriCCs von 5ach.
und Rechten.
~
ARTICLE 15
ARTIKEL 15
:h
n,
Effect of an Adjudication of a Restitution Claim
Recbtswirkung der Entscheidung fiber den
.
Rllckerstattungsanspruch
rg
~r
r
gt
..it
i
r- "
1. Unless otherwise provided in this Law, a j u d g m e n t "
.
directing restitution shall have the effect that the loss of
1. . Eine dem .Rilc~erstattungsanspruch stattgebende En
scheldung hat die Wlrkung, daB der Verlust des Vermogen
the property shall be deemed not to have occurred and that
gegenstandes ais nicht eingetreten, und splHer erworbel
afteracquired interests by third persons shall be deemed
Rechte Dritter als nicht erw()rben gelten, soweit nicht dies
Gesetz etwas anderes bestimmt.
not to have been acquired. '
2. Any adjudication of a restitution claim shall beeffec- I 2. Eine Entscheidung ilber den Rfickerstattungsansprw
tive for and against any 'person who participated in the wirkt fUr und gegen aIle Personen, die am Verfahren tel
"proceedi"ng or who, ,being entitled to participate, was duly
genommen haben oder zur Teilnahme "amVerfahren berec:
served.
" t l g t waren· und hierzu vorschriftsmaBig aufgefordert wurdc
I"
ARTIKEL 16
ARTICLE 16
Wahlwelser Anspruch .a'}r Nachzahlung
Alternative Claim for Additional Payment
If he relinquishes all other claims under this Law the
10
on
"n
en
~l
?r~t~
)46
claimant may demand, from the person who" first acquired
tho prooerty, payment of the difference between the price
received and the fair purchase price of the property as
defined in Article 3. paragraph 3. Proper interest shall be
added to this amount in accordance with the provisions on
profits contained in this Law.
2. The demand for payment shall not ,be permissible:
(a) after the property has been rest()red to the claimant
by a judgment no longer subject to appeal; or
(b) after the Restitution Agency or Chamber has
rendered a decision on' the merits; or
.
(c) after the claimant and the restitutor have rcached
an amicable agreement with regard to the restitu
. tion claim.
1. Der Berechtlgte kann unter Verzieht auf aIle sonstig
Anspriiche aus diesem Gesetz verlangen,dall ihm der Er:
I
erwerber den Unterschied zwischen dem erlangten "Entg'
lund dem angemesssenen Preis (Artikel 3, Absatz 3) cl
Vermogensgegenstandes nachbezahlt. Zu dem Unterschiec
I betrag treten angemessene Zinsen; hierbei finden die VC
I schrlften dieses Gesetzes fiber Nutzungen entsprechen
Anwendung.
.
2. Das Verlangen 1st ideht mehr zulassig,
(a) wenn der Vermogensgegenstand dem Berechtigt
rechtskraftig wieder zuerkannt 1st,
(b) wenn hieriiber eine Sachentscheidung der Wied(
gutmaC'hungsbehorde oder der Wiedergutmachunl
.
k:8mmer ergangen ist,
(c) wenn sieh der Berechtigte mit dem Rtickerst;
tungspflichtigen fiber den Rfickerstattungsanspru
.geeinigt hat:
I
I
I
. . ARTIKEL 1'7
ARTICLE 17
'eit
)e
em
at
len
;el
,en.
)ei
.1. 50welt es nach den Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes :
den Wert cines Vermogensgegenstandes ankommt, gel~
als Wertsteigerung nicht Preiserhohunge'n, die durch V'.
minderung der Kaufkraft des Galdes hervorgerufen sind
2. Fiir die Berwertung von Vermogensgegenstanden, .
wegen Unbestimmbarkeit zur Zeit nicht zur· Vermogel
steuer 'herangezogen werden, bleiben AusfUhrungsv l
schriften vorbehalten. Die Bestimmung des Artikels
Absatz 2 blctbt unberiihrt.·.
.
1. Where the value, of property is relevant according to
the provisions of this Law, increases in the price caused by
the decrease of the purchasing power of money shall not be
considered an enhancement in the value.
2. Future implementing regulations may provide tor the
valuation of property which, because not now determinable,
is at present not subject to the property tax. The provision
of Article 27,paragraph 2 shall remain uri affected.
'er
or"1it
Wertberechnung
Valuation
VlERTER .ABSCHNITT
PART IV
. ,
' .
BEGRENZUNG. DER RttCKERSTATTUNG
LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO RESTITUTION
rift
ion
ch
les
ARTIKEL 18
Zwangsenteignung
ARTICLE 18
ExpropriaUon
ln~
dall
och
d ·~""
.'~
1m"'
!en
:hte
gle
1. Entzogene Vermogensgegenstande, die nach. der E
ziehung fUr einen offentlichen Zweck zwangsentelgnet o·
tion, was expropriated for a public purpose, or s()ldor
an ein Unternehmen verau.Bert oder einem Unternehn
a1lsigned ~o an enterprise for the benefit of which the"right of iugewendet wurden, zu dessen Gunsten cine solche Zwa.1!
enteignung stattfinden konnte, unterliegen der Ru:
expropriation could be exercised" shall not be subject to
restitutio'l'l it on the effective date ot this Law the property' erstattung nicht, wenn 1m Zeitpunkt des Inkra~tret.ens c
ses Gesetzes der Vermogensgegenstand noch fur emen
is still used for a public purpose, and if such purpose is still
fentlichen. Zweck benUtzt wird und dieser Zweck noch
recognized as lawful.
.
gesetzmiiJlig anerkannt ist.
2. Uhterliegen Vermogensgegenstande ~~s den In ,
2. If property is not subject to restitution for the reasons
satz 1 bezeichneten GrUnden nicht der Ruckerstattung.
set forth in paragraph I, the present owner shall compensate
muB der jetzige Eigentiimer den Berechtlgten fUr den "
the claimant adequately to the extent to which his claims des entzogenen Vermogensgegenst.an~es at;gemessen .f
schlidigen soweit die AnsprUche gemliB Artlkel 29 ft.· dl(
pursuant to Article 29 et seq. infra, do not result in such
Gesetzes ~iCht zu einer solchen Entsc~adlgung fUhren.
compensation.
1. Confiscated property which, after the time of confisca
5
.
I.
.
I.
I
'
•
"j
,
�ARTIKEL 19
Schutz deB ordnungs.miBlgen o.bllcben •
Geschiftsverkeh1'8
Vorbehaltlich der Bestimmungen der Artlkel 20, 21 un
terliegen nicht der Rilckerstattung bewegliche Sachen, die
der Eigentiimer oder 'seln Rechtsvorglinger 1m Wege des
ordnungsmliBigen iibUchenGeschliftisverkehrs aus· elnem
einschliigigen Unternehmen erworben hat. Dies gilt nicht
fUr KultgegensUinde; es gilt femer nlcht fUr Gegenstinde
von besonderem kunstlerlschen oder wlssenschaftllchen
Wert oder besonderem persOnUchen Erinnerungswert. so
fern sie aus Prlvatbesitz stammten oder im. Wege der Ver
steigerung oder von elnem Unternehmen erworben wurden,
das slch in erhebllchem Umfange mit der Verwertung ent
zogener Verm6gen'sgegenstlinde befaBte.
ARTICLE 19
"
'Prok.tfeD .1 Ordioal'7 and Usual Business TransactloDs
'Except as provided in Articles 20 and 21; tangible personal
, property shall not be subject to restitution if the present
owner or his predecessor 'in interest acquired it in the course
an ordinary and usual business transaction in an estab
lishment normally dealing in that type of property. However,
the provisions of this Article shan not apply to religious
objects or to property Which has been acquired from private
ownership it such property Is an object of unusual artistic,
scientific, or sentimental personal value, or was acquired
at an auction" or at a private sale In an establishment
engaged to a considerable extent in the business of dispos
ing ot confiscated" property.
ARTICLE 20
Money
Money shall be subject to restItution only if at the time
he acquIred the money the restltutor knew or shOUld have
known under the circumstances that It had been obtained
by way of confiscation.
ARTICLE 21
Bearer Instruments
1. Beare.- instruments shall not be subject to restitution
it the present holder proves that, at the time he acqulrcd
the instrument, he neither knew nor should have known
under the circumstances that the instrument had been con
fiscated at, any time. Unless special circumstances indicate
otherwise, good faith shall be presumed within the scope
of thIs provIsIon, if such property was acquired in the course
of ordinarY and usual business transactions, especially on
,the stock exchange, and jf the transaction did not involve
a dominant participation.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to
'rests in bearer instruments deposited in a central
lunt (Sammelverwahrung).
J. Bearer instruments and interests in ·bearer instruments
shall, however, be unconditionally subject to restitution It
they represent:
(a) a participation in ,an enter.prise with a small
number of members, such as a family corPoration; or
. (b) III participation In an en!terpnse the shares of which
had not been negotiated on the open market; or
(c) a dominant partici'pation In an enterprise as to
which it was known, generally or in the trade, that
a dominant partiCipation was held by persons who
belonged to one of the classes described in Article 3,
paragraph 1 (b); or
,
(d) a dominant pa.rticipation in a business estabHm
ment which was registered' under the Third
Ordinance to the Reich Citizen Law (Reichsbiirg~r
iesetz) of 14 June 1933 (RGB!. I, p. 627).
4. Fer the purpose of subsections (c) and (d) of pliragraph 3,
anl\rticiDation shaH be deemPd to be dominant if it per
mitted the exercise of a considerable amount of influence
upon the management of the bUSiness enterprise either by
itself or on the baSis ofa working agreement which existed
prior to or at the time of the conflscatlon.
t.
of
4RTIKEL 20
Geld
Geld unterliegt der Ruckerstattung nur, wenn der Ruck
erstattungspflichtlge bei seinem Erwerb wuBte oder den
Umstiinden nach annehmen muBte, daB es im Wege der
Entzlehung erlangt worden war.
ARTIKEL 21
Inhaberpaplere
1. Inhaberpapiere unterliegen der Riickerstattunlt nicht,
wenn der Inhaber nachwelst. d1\B er zur Zeit des Erwerbs
weder wuBte noch den Umstlinden nach annehmen muBte,
daB das InhaberpSlPler zu Irgendelner Zeit Geltenstand einer
Entziehung war. Sofem nicht b~ondere Umdiinde ent
gegenst~hen, 1st guter Glaube 1m Slnne dieser Bestlmmung
anzunehmen. wenn der Erwerb im ordnungsmliBigen Qb
lichen Geschliftsverkehr, insbesondere im Borsenverkehr
erfolltte. und es slch nlcht urn elne maBgebliche Beteillgung
handelte.
2. Die Bestimmungen des Absatz 1 finden auch Anwen
dung auf Antellsrechte an Inhaberpapieren, die slch in
Sammelverwahrung befinden.
3. Inhaberpanlere sowie Anteilsrechte an ':;olchen unter
liegen ledoch bedingungslos derRiickerstattung, wenn sie
darstellen
.
(a) ('Ine Betelligung' an Unternehmen mit I!"r'nger
Gesellschafterzahl, z. B. Famillengesellschaften.
(b) eine Bete!llgung an Untemehmen, deren Antellp
1m flllgemeinen Geschliftsverkehr nieht ge'h:andel t
wurden,
(c) eine maflgebliche Betelliltung an U"ternehmen. von
dene1'l es allitemein oder in Gesch!iffskrpI~en be
"'mnt war. daB' elne maBI!"bllche BeteUhnl"p. 9'"
(hnen in der H"nd von . Person!>:n w~·r, die 7.U
f>;ner der In Artlkel3, Absatz 1 (b) bezeichneten
GrunDi'm gehllrten.
(d) pine .rn"'A!!'eblfche Beteilfgun( an Gewerhp.betriehpn;
oie auf Grund der "'ritten Vero,.nnomg ,..,..... Reichs
hilrI!P,.gpsf!tz vom 14. R. 1938 fRGBl. I S. 627) In eln
Vel'7.E'ichnls pingetral!pn wurden.
.
4, Als m"RO'phllrJh 1m SI""e rier B-tlmmunaen i", Ab
"",t7: a (~) linn (d) I!l1t p.ln ... Betellll!ung dal'ln. wPl'ln "I.. (I",,('h
slch allefn one" auf Grund, einer vor oder h~; de,. F,nt
zlp.hunr.: bp'1':hmdenen Interec;senverblndun( e;nen prheh.
lichpn EinfhiB auf die GeschAftsfUhrung des Untern(;'hmens
erm1Sgllchte.
ARTIKEL 22
RiickerstaUung bel Veranderune- 'der recht1lchen
oller Kapitalstruktur von Untemehmen
1st eine Betelligung der In Artikel 21 Ahsatz 3 bezelch
nefen Art entzogen worden und 1st das Untern.ehmen selbst
aufgelost odp.r mit einem anderen Unternehmen ver
srhrnolzen oder in eln ander~ Unternehmen uml!ewande1t
sonsh"'le in seiner rechtlichen Struktur odp.r selner
Kaoltalstruktur verlindert worden oder 1st dessen· Vermllgen
It'lnz odet' teilwelse Buf pin Ander~ Unternehmen ii"er
tralten worrlen. so kann der Berp.chtigfe vpt'lanlten. daB eO'
fin dem verlinderten oder neu Itestalteten Unternehm..1'1 od"T
tl"'Tn Untemehmen. da:; das Verm6gen des urmlrOngUchen
Untemehmens ganz oder tellweise ubernommen hat. In
elner angemessenen Weise betelligt wird. dif'. sowelt rn6"
lkh. spine ursprfinltllc'he Bp.teiligung unddle aus Jhrflle
Benden Rechte wiederherstellt.
ARTICLE: 22 .
Restitution In Event 01 Changes In tbe Legal or F!nanclar
Structure 01 an Enterprise
If. a participation of the type described in Article 21.
paragraph 3 had been confiscated and if the enterprise had
been dissolved Or merged into, or consolidated with, or
transformed into another enterprise, or had been changed In
al'v">'I,her way in its legal or financial structure, or II It:;
af
:' had been transferred wholly Or in part to another
e~, .. prlse, the claimant may demand that he be given an
ar-ropriate share In the modified or newly formed enter
priso or in the enterprise which had acquired wholly or 1n
part the assets ot the original enterprise" thereby restoring
as tar as possible his original participation and the rights
Incident thereto.
. oner,
"
!.' ,
,
~.
6
".,' ,
�.. ,'
~m
'.
:ht
de
en
;0~r
;n,
1t
k
en
ler
~,,:
~t,
bs
teo
,er
If-
ng
b
hr
ng
n
in
,r- ,
;it
'.
er
ill>
"1+
()"
e'I'"
7.U
en
'n,
,,-
in
brh
.f-
l:>-
ns
h1St
,1"~lt
er
en
,1"
e~
~~
CIt:
iril,
'1_
e-
1
.
ARTIKEL 24
Sonstige Unternehmen
Die Bestimmungen der Artikel 22, 23 finden entsprechen
AnweDidung, wenn eine Einzelfirrna oder die Beteiligung
einer Offenen Handelsgesellschaft oder Kommandi tgese
schaft oder die persOnliche Beteiligung an einet Komma
ditgesellschaft aut Aktien oder der Antell an einer Gese
schaft mit beschrankter Haftung oder an einer Genosse
schaft oder Anteile l:i.hnlicher rechtlicher Art Gegenstai
der Entziehung gewesen sind.
ARTICLE 25
Service
Insofar as it may become necessary pursuant to Articles
22 to 24 to make service on any unknown associate or on
uny associate whose present address is unknown, service
Shall be made by publication .pursuant to Article 61.
n
li!?(
ARTIKEL Z!
Durc.hfilhnmg des Grundsa.bes des Artlkela 2Z ,
DieWiedergutmachungskammer hat, soweit die Anspruc
des ~erechtigten ~ut Grund der. Artikel ' 29 if. nicht zu eiL
iI? SlOne des Artikels 22 ausreichenden Wiedergutmachu
~en, .alie ~aBnahrr).en zu ~reffer:, die notwendig und ~
eignet smd, die dem Berechtlgten 10 Artikel 22 eingeraw
ten Rechte zu verwirklichen. Sie hat zu diesem Zweck iI.
besondere notigenfalls die E1nziehung und Neuausgabe 00
den Austausch von Aktien. Anteilscheinen, Zwischenschein
und sonstigen Beteiligungspapieren oder ilie Begrilndu
eines Geselischaftsverhaltnisses zwischen dem Berechtigt
und dem in Artikel 22 bezeichneten Unternehmen sowie (
Vornahme der zur Verwirklichung der Rechte gesetzli
vorgeschriebenen Handiungen' anzuordnen. Diese Ma
nahmen haben grundsatzlich zu Lasten derjenigen zu E
folgen, die bel entsprechender Anwendung der Vorschrift
dieses Gesetzes riickerstattungspfilchtig erscheinen.
Lasten sonstiger Anteilsberechtlgter an dem Unternehm
sollen solche Ma.l3nahmen nur insoweit angeordnet werd,
a1s diese Anteilsberechtigten aus der Entziehung in Verbi
dung mit dem in Artikel 22 bezeichneten Sachverhalt mitt!
bar oder unrnittelbar Nutzen gezogen haben oder, das Unt.
nehmen selbst aut Grund von Vorschriften dieses Gesel;;
oder des bOrgerlichen Rechts dem Berechtigten zur Herat;
gabe oder zumSchadensersllitz verpfiichtetdst, insbesondE
fUr ein Handeln seiner Organe einzustehen hat.
ARTICLE 24
Other Enterprises
The provisions of Articles 22 and 23 shall ·be applicable
it. the object of the confiscation was a business owned by
an individual; or a participation in a partnership or a
·limited partnership; or a personal participation .in a limited
·partnershdp cor:poration (!I{ommanditgesellsoJ:.laft auf Alt
tien); or .a share in an association wUh limited liability
(Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung) or in a cooperative;
or ,a share of a stmilar legal nature.
·s
le\
•
ARTICLB Z3' .
Bnforcem,ent 'of the Principles, Set Forth in Article 22
. '. .
.
'__ The Restitution Chamber shall take anI measures necessary
'and appropriate to effectuate the rights granted Ito the dai-'
mant under Article 22, .provided his claims under Article 29 et
seq. do not result in suifieient ·indemnification wdthin the
'purview of Article 22. To ,that end the Restitution Chamber
.shall order, Lf necessary, tlhe' cancelLation, nozw issue or eX
change of shares, partic.i,pation certificates, interim certifi
ca,tes, and other Instruments ev~deincinga pal'lticipation; or the
establishment, of a partnership relation between the clai
mant and the enterprise as described in Article 22, and it
shall order the .performance of' any act required by Law
in order to effectuate those I"ights., These measures shall
be taken primarily at the expense of those who are liable
to make restitution according to the principres of this Law.
,If such measures would affect any other shareholder they
shall be ordered only to the extent to whlich such other
shareholder, benefited directly or indirectly from the con
fiscation in connection--wdththefacts as described inAr
ticle 22; or if the enterprise itself would be liable to make
restitution or to damages under this' Law or under the
generally applicable rules of law, especially an the principle
'ot. respondeat superior.
ARTIKEL 25
Zustellung
Soweit .in den Fallen der Artikel 22 bis 24 eine Zustellu
an unbekannte Geselischafter oder an Geselischafter, der
gegenwartige Adresse unbekannt ist, notwendig wird, l
folgt dieselbe durch 6ffentliche ~ustellung gemall Artikel '
ARTIKEL 26
ARTICLE 26
Ersatzleistung bel Verii.nderung einer Sache
Delivery of a Substitute in Lieu of Restitution
l' Ware erne Sache zurUckzuerstatten, die' nach der El
1. Where subsequent to the confiscation the object other
wi-se subject to restitution has undergone fundamental ziehung wesenUich verandert worden ist und da~urc~ ei
changes considerably enhanCing its, value, the Restitution erheblJiche Wertsteigerung erlahren hat, so kann die Waed£
Chamber may order the delivery of an adequate substitute gutmachungskammer unter Beriicksichtigung der .bere<:
tigten Interessen der Beteiligten eine nach dem Wert c
in lieu ot. restitution; in determining the adequacy of the
SUbstitute ,the Restitution Chamber shall consider the value Sache zur Zeit der Entzlehung angemessene Ersatzleistu
,of the property at the time of the confiscation, and, the an Stelle der Riickerstattung anordnen. Der Berechti~
kann jedoch die Einraumung von Miteigentum zu ..a
.equitable, interests of. the parties. The claimant may,
however, demand the assignment of an appropriate share gemessenem BruchteH verlangen, es sei denn, daB der Rue
in the property unless the restJ.tutor offers a substitute of erstattungspflichtige siob zur Ersatzleist~!lg durch ~~E
tragung l:i.hnlicher gleldhwertiger Vermog,ensgegenstan
Similar nature and of like value. The claimant may avail
himself of the provisions of the first and second sentence erbietet. Die Bestimmungen der Satze 1 und 2 gel ten
above, even if the fundamental change did not result in Gunsten des, Bereohtigten auch dann, wenn durch {
W¥asentliche Veranderung der Sache eine erhebUche We:
a considerable enhancement of the value of the object.
steigerung nlcht elngetreten ist.
2. The restitutor shall not be entitled to benefits of the
2. Der RUckerstattungspflichtige kann sieh auf .die E
provisions ot paragraph 1 ;if he had acquired the object 'Stimmungen des Absatz 1 nieht beruten, wenn er die Sac
by way of an aggravated confiscation within the' meaning
mittels einer schweren Entziehung 1m Slnne des Artlkels
of Article 30,' or if he knew ar should have known under
erlangt hat oder 1m Zeitpunkt der Vomahme der wesentlich
the circumstances at the time ,the fundamental changes were' Veranderung wu.i3te oder den umstar:den nacho annehm
made that the object at any time had been obtained by way
muJ3te da.i3 die Sache zu irgendeiner Zeit durch ellOe schw~
of an 'aggravated confiscation.
Entziehung erlangt worden ,war.',
.
..
3. Hat der' RUckerstattungspfiichtlge mit del;' ZU~U(
3. Where the resmtutor has combined the object subject
zuerstattenden Sache eine andere Sache als wesentl1c~
to restitution wLth another object as;m essential part thereof,
he may separate the latter object 'and appropriate it. In this .Bestandteil verbunden, so kann. er sie abtren~en und s:
aneignen. Er hat im ,Falle der Wegnahme die Sache "
case, ,he shall restore the object Ito its former condition
at his own expense Where the claimant obtained possession seine Kosten in den vorigen Stand zu setzen. Erlangt c
Berechtigte den Besitz der Sache, so ist. er verpfiichtet, ( ,
ot. th~ .. combined objects prior to the separation he shall
Abtrennnung zu gestatten; er kann die Gestattung V(
be r~uired to permit the separation; he may, however,
7
�withhold his consent. unless security is given to saVe him
. armless from eny damage resulting from the separation.
:he restltutor shall not have the privilege of se~atIon If
not entltled to compensation for expenditures ac
c!r~ to the provisions of this Law; or. If he ds dndemnlfted
at least for the value which the separable part of the ob
ject would have to him after separation.
.
4. In determining whether property has been enhanced
in value within the meaning of paragraph 1, sentence 1,
only such enhancement in value for whIch the restitutor
may claim compensation under the provisions of thIs Law
shall be taken into acco~t•.
ARTICLE 27
Restitution of an Aggregate of Properties
1. The claimant may not limit his demand for ~
Utution to separate items out of an aggregate of properties
if the aggregate can be returned as 8 whole and If the
li.niltation of the restitution to separate items would ineq
uitably prejudice the restitutor or the creditors.
2. The claimant may :refuse to include 1n h:is petition
any claim against a public agency falllng Wlithin the scope
of Article 1 of the Laws on Judicial Aid for the Equitable
Settlement of Contracts, as uniformlly enacted, with the
consent of the Laenderrat, lin Bavaria, Hesse, W)d Wuerttem
berg-Baden, where such claims are among the assets of
a commercial enterprise or af any other aggregate of
property subject to restitution.
h...
ARTlKEL 27
Rilckerstattung elnes Inbegrifl's von Gegenstlnden
1. Der Berechtigte fkann die RUckerstattung einzelner
Vermogensgegenstiiride aus einem entzogenen Inbegri1f ·von
GegensUinden .nicht verlangen, wenn der Inbegritf zuruck
crstattet werden kann und die iBescbrlinkung der RUck
erstattung auf einzelne YermogensgegensUinde zu einer un
bill1gen Schadigung des RUckerstattUl"l!gspflichtlgcm oder der
Glliubiger ftihren w·flrde.
2. Beftnden sich unter den Aktiven eines zurUckzuerstat
tenden geschiifUichen Unternebmens oOOr sonstigen Ver
mogensinbeg1'ifis Forderungen gegen die oiTenUiche Hand
im .Sinne des Artikels 1 der mit Zustimmung des Lander
rats einheitlich in den Liindern Bayern, Hessen und WUrt
temberg-Baden erlassenen Vertragshilfegesetze; so 1st der
Berechtigte berogt, deren "Obernahme a:bzulehnen.
Until notrned of the flling of the petition for restitution,
.the debtor of a confiscated. claim may discharge his obU
'ion by paymeilit to the restitutor. The same rule shall
ply in .favor of a debtor who prior to the entry dn the
. L and Title Register (Grimdbuch) of an objection to its
correctness or a notice of restitution makes a payment to
a restitutor entered in the Land Title Register.
ARTlXEL 28
8chuIcbierschub:
1st eine Forderung entzo;gen· worden, so kann der Schuld
ner mit befreiender Wirkung an den RUckerstatiungspftdch
tigen lelsten, 'bis linn die AnmeJdung des RUckerstattungs
anspruohs bekanntgegeben wird. Das gleiche gut fflr den
jenigen, der bis zur Eintragung des RUclcerstattungsvermerks
oder eines W.iderspruchs gegen die Richtigkeit des. Grund
. buchs en einen im Grundbuch eingetragenen .Rilckerstattungs
pHichtigen leisret.·
PART V
FONFTER AB8CHNI'1T
COMPENSATION AND ANCILLARY CLAIMS
ERSATZ-UNDNEBENANSPRUCHE
ARTICLE 29
ARTIKEL 29
Subrogation
Ersatz
ARTICLE 28
Protectlon of Debtors
(
welgern, bla 1hm fOr den· mit der AbtrennUDg veJ:lbundenen
Schaden Sdcherhelt geleistet w1rd. Daa. Recht zur Ab
trennung ist ausgeschlossen. wenn der RUcklerstattungs
ptuohtige nach den Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes fflr die
Verwendung Ersatz nlcht verlangen kann oder ibm min
destens der Wert ersetzt wird, den der BestandteLl nach der
Abtrennung fUr Ibn haben wflrde.
.
4. Bel der B¢stlmmung, ob elnVermogensgegenstand eine
WeXltstelgerung im Sinne des Albsatz 1, Satz 1erfabren hat.
dUrfen Wertstelgerungen, ·fflr die der RUckerstattungs
ptuchtlge nach .MaBgaibe der Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes
keinen. Ersatz ver1aD.gen kann, zu Gunsten des RUck
erstattungspflichtigen Dicht berilcksichtlgt werden.
1. E1n frliherer Inhaber des entzogenen Verm6gensgegen
1. Upon request of the claImant, a former holder of con
fiscated property who would be liable to restitution If he . standes, der rilckerstattungSpflichtlg sein wflrde, wenn er
noch Inhaber ware, hat auf Verlangen des BerechUgten den
were still holding it shall turn over any compensation or
oder den Ersatzanspruch abzutreten,
assign any claim for indemnification which he might have Ersatz herauszugeben RUckerstattung unmoglich machenden
den er infolge des die
acquired' in connection with the event preventIng the return Umstandes erlangt hat. Der Berechtigte muJl slch das, was
. of such property. Whatever the claimant receives from one er von einem von mehreren Verpfllchteten erlangt hat, auf
of several restltutors shall be credited agaInst the claims he seine AnsprUche gegen die Ubrlgen Verpflichteten anrecbnen
lassen.
.
holds against the remaining ones.
2. Das gleiche gilt hInsichUich des Ersatzes oder Ersatz
2. The same shall apply with respect to any compensation anspruches, den der Inhaber oder eln frilherer Inhaber des
or any claim for compensation which the holder or former entzogetl.en Vermogensgegenstandes fil.r eine Verscblechterung
holder of confiscated property acquired in connection with desselben erlangt hat.
deterioration of such property.
.
3. 1m Faile der Entziehung eines gesobMtMchen Unter
nehmens erstreckt sich der RUckerstattungsanspruch auch
3. In case of the confiscation of a business enterprise the auf die nach der Entziehung fUr doas Unternehmen neu be
claim for restitution shall extend to the assets acqulred schafften Vermogensgegenstllnde, es sei denn, daB der RUclt
after the confiscation, unless the restitutor shows that such . erstattungsptuchtIge nachwe1st, daB die Neubeschaffung nlcht
. assets were not paid for with funds of th~· enterprise. If mit MitteIn des Unternehmens erfolgt 1st. 1st die Neu
the purchase was ·paid for out of the funds of the enterprise, ,beschafTung von Vermogensgegenstllnden mit MitteIn des
a _~orresponding increase in the value of the business shall Unternehmens erfolgt, so gilt eine dadurch eingetretene
:::eemed to constitute' profits within the meaning of Steigerung des Wertes des Unternehmens gegenUber dem
( ... Jes 30, 32, and 33. This rule shall be applicable also to Zeitpunkt der Entzlehung a1s Nutzung Jm Slnne der ArUkei
any other aggregate of property. If the purchase was not· 30, 32, 33. Die Be~ungen gelten entsprechend Iflr einen
von Vermi>gensgegenstanden.
die
made with funds of the enterprise the restitutor shall have sonstIgen InbegrlfTmit Mitteln des Unternehmens Sowelt 1st.
BeschaiTung nicht
erfolgt
the privilege of separation as set forth In Article 26, para
steht dem RUckerstattungspflichtlgen das Recht zur Ab
graph 3, provided. however, that the cladma·nt shall have trennung nach.Artikel 26, Ab/!au 3 zu mit der Ma.6gabe, daB
the privilege ot taking over the property pursuant to Article der BerechtIgte das Ubernahmerecht des Artlkels 26, Absatz
8
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26, paragra,ph 3, third sentence only tt other.w.tse the opera
tion of tbe enterprise would be hampered considerably.
4. Any claims of the claimant ,pursuant to Article 30 et
seq. which are more extensive shall remain unaffected.
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3. 8atz 3 nur elanD geltend machen kanri, wenn obne diese
Recht der Betrieb des Untemehmens besonders, beelntrllch
tigt wUrde.
4. Weitergehende Ansprucbe des, BerecbUgten auf Grun'
der Artikel 30 ft. bleiben unberilhrt.
'
ARTICLE ao
Strict Liability
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ARTIKEL 30
Strenge Hartung
1.. Wer den entzogenen Vermogensgegenstand von' der,
Ver!olgten m.tttels eines gegeri die guten Sltten verstollende:
Rechtsgeschafts '. oder durch eine von ihm oder xu seine
Gunsten ausgeubte Drohung oder durch widerreootlich
Wegnatune oder sonstige unerlaubte Handlung erlangt ba
(sch~ere~ntziebung), ha~tet auf Schadensersatz wegen Un
mogllchkelt der HeL'ausgaoe oder Verschlechterung C1es ent
zogenen Vermogensgege;l1Standes, auf Herausgabe vo:
'Nutzung~n und auf sonstigen Schadensersatz nach den allge
meinen VorscJ:uiften des burgerlichen Rechts uoer de:
I::)chaC1ensersatz wegen unerlaubter Handlung.
,
2. Ebenso haftet ein Inhaber oder fruherer Inhaber de
entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes, der bei dem Erwer
desseLben wuJ3te oder den Umstanden nach annehmcn mu.Ot
(§ 259 d~s RStGB), daB dieser zu irgendeiner Zeit durch em
schwere Entziehung erlangt worden war. '
3. Soweit ein Anspruch auf Herausgabe von Nutzung be
steht, kann der BerechUgte verlangen, daJ3 fUr deren Bt
recbnung ein durch AusfUhrungsvorschriften zu bestimmen
der, fUr derartige Vermogensgegenstande tiblicber Nutzung!'
satz zugrundegelegt wlrd, SOlem nicht diese Richtsatze ir
Einzelfall often bar in erheblichem MaBe unangemesen sin!
1. Any person who has obtained the confiscated property
from tile persecuted person through a transaction conu-a
bonos mores or as the resuLt of threats made by him or on
his behalt, or by an unlawful taking or other tort (berein
'aUer referred ~o as aggravated confiscation), shall be liable
under the general rules of the Civil COde governing tort
liability for damages 'arising from failure to return such
property on tbe ground of impossibility or from deteriora
tion and also for surrender of pro.fits and for any other
indemnification provided therein.
2. The possessor or former possessor of confiscated prop
erty shall be subject to the same liability if he knew or
should have known under the circumstances (within the
meaning of Section 259 of the Penal Code) at the time he
acquired the property that it bad been obtained at any time
by way of an ,aggravated confiscation.
3. It the claimant is entitled to profits he may demand
that they be computed on the basis of the usual rate of
profits for that particular type of property, sucb rate to be
specified by an implementing regulation, unless it Is mani
fest in an indiVidual case that these standard rules are sub
stantially inappropriate.
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ARTiKEL 31
Gemi1derte Haftung
ARTICLE 31
Mitigated Liability
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1. Auf Schadensersatz wegen Unmoglichkeit der Herau~
gabe oder Versch!echterung des entzogenen Vermogen~
gegenstandes haftet auch der Inhaber oder ein friiherer It:
haoer des entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes, welcher diese
durch eine nicnt den Tatbestand des Artikels 30, Absatz
erfUliende Entziehung (einfache Entziehung) erworben ha
es sei dEmn, daJ3 er nachweist, daB er die im Verkehr ex
iorderHche Sorgfalt angewendet hat.
2. Ebenso haftet der Inhaber oder ein fri1herer Inhabc
von dem Zeitpunkt an, von dem er weiJ3 Oder den Umstar:
den nach annehmen mu.Ote, daJ3 der Vermogensgegenstan
zu irgendeiner Zeit durch eine Entziehung 1m Sinne dies!
Gesetzes erlangt worden ist.
3. 1m Falle der Entziebung eines Grundstilcks oder grune
stilcksgleicben Rechtes baftet der Inbaber oder ein ,friihen
Inhaber nach Absatz I, sofern er nicht nachweist, daJ3 er iI:
folge besonderer UmsUinde weder wuJ3te, noch den Urr
standen nach annehmen mu.Ote, daB der Vermogensgeger
stand zu irgendeiner Zeit durch eine Entziehung 1m 8inr,
dieses Gesetzes erlangt worden ist.
ARTlKEL 3Z
, Herausgabe von Nutzungen bel elnfacber Entziebung
1. Any holder or former holder of confiscated property
who at any time obtained such property by way of a simple
confiscation shall pay the claimant adequate compensation
for the period of time in which such holder enjoyed the
profits of the property. Article 31, paragraphs 2 and 3, shall
be applicable.
.
2. The amount of the net profi,ts of the property less the
amaunt of an.' adequate remuneration for management of
the property by the restUutor sball be deemed to be an
adequate compensation. The remuneration for management
shall not exceed 500/0 of the net profits drawn from the
property, except where relatively small amounts are
involved. Profits whicb the restitutor willfully diminished
?r neglected to draw shall be added Taxes paid On toe net
mcome drawn from the property and the interest on the
purchase price paid by the restitutor shall adequately be
taken into consideration. Paragraph ,3 of Article 30 shall
be applicable.
ld
1. Any holder or former holder of confiscated property
who acquired the property by means of a confiscation not,
c1:>nstituting an aggravated confiscation within the meaning
cit Article 30, paragraph 1, (hereinafter referred to as simple
confiscation) sball be liable in damages if he is unable to
return the property or if it has deteriorated, unless he can
prove that be has exercised due diligence.
2. Any holder or former holder shall be similarly liable
from the time when he 'kinew, or s<hould ha.ve kIwwn under
the circumstances, that the property at any time had been
obtained by way of a confiscation within the meaning of
tillS Law.
3. Where real property or any interest in the nature of
real property has been confiscated, a possessor or former
possessor shall be liable according to paragraph I, unless
he shows that because of unusual circumstances he neither
knew, nor should have known under the ci.rcumstances that
the property at any time had been obtained by way of con
fiscation within the meaning of this Law.
ARTICLE 3Z,
Return of Profits in Case of SImple Confiscation
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1. Der Inhaber oder ein friiherer Inhaber des entzogene
Vermogensgegenstandes, welcher diesen zu irgendeiner Ze
durch eine einfacbe Entzaehung erlangt bat, hat rur die ze:
in der er Nutzungen des Vermogensge'genstandes gezoge
bat, dem Berechtigten eine angemessene Vergiitung zu en
richten. Die Bestimmungen des ArUkels 31, Absatz 2 lind
gelten entsprechend.
2. Als angemessen gilt der Betrag der gezogenen rein<;
Nutzungen, abziigUoh eines angemessenen Entgeltes fi
die GeschiiftSfilhrung des Verpfiichteten. Das Entgelt f{
die GeschaftsfUhrung solI 50% der gezogenen ReinnutzungE
nicht iibersteigen, es sei denn, daJ3 es sich urn kleinere B,
trage handelt, Nutzungen, die der Verpfiichtete boswill
nicbt gezogen oder vermindert hat, sind hinzuzurechne
Die aus dem Reinertrag des Vermogensgegenstandes en
richteten Steuern und die Verzinsung des vom Verpfilchtet{
fUr den Erwerb des Vermogensgegenstandes entrichtet(
Entgelts Sind angemessen zu beri1cksichtigen. Artikel::
Absatz 3 gilt entsprechend.
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ARTIKEL SS
Release from Liability
A holder or former holder of confiscated ·property shall
not be liable in damages II he is unabl~ to return the prop-.
erty or because the property has deterlOrated, nor shall he
be liable to account for profits, as long as he neither knew,
nor should have known under the circumstances, that the
property at any time had been obtained by way of conftsc~
tion. ,The provisions of Article 31, paragraph 3, shall remaIn
unaffected.
.
2. Profits which under rules of good husbandry are not
to be regarded as income from such ·property shall be re
turned ,hi any event, pursuant to the rules of the Civil Code
on unjust enrichment.
.
3. Under no circumstances shall remuneration for
management be paid for a period for which the claimant
cannot claim an accounting for profits.
Haftungsau8schiuB
1. Der Inhaber oder ein friiherer Inhaber eines entzogenen
Vermogensgegenstandes ist zum Schadensersatz wegen Un
moglichkeit der Herausgabe oder wegen Verschlechterung
des entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes und zur Vergiltung
gezogener Nutzungen fUr die Zeit nicht verpflichtet, wiihrend
der er weder wuBte noch den UmsUinden nach annehmen
muBte, daB der Gegenstand zu irgendeiner Zeit durch elne
~ntziehung erlangt worden ist.
Die Bestimmung des Ar
tlkeIs 31, Absatz 3 bleibt unberuhrt.
2. Nutzungen, die nach den Regeln einer ordnungsmaBigen
Wirtschaft nicht als Ertrag der Sache anzusehen sind. Sind
In jedem FaIle nach den Vorschriften des BOrgerliche~ Ge
setzbuches iiber die Herausgabe einer ungerechtfertigten Be
reicherung herauszugeben.
3. FUr einen Zeitraum, fOr welchen der Berechtigte keine
Nutzungen beanspruchen kann, wird ein Entgelt flir Ge
schiiftsfUhrung in keinem Falle gewahrt.
ARTICLE 34
ARTIKEL 34
1.
Compensation for Expenditures
1. Ordinary expenses for the maintenance of property
subject to restitution shall not be' refunded; tlley may,
however, be taken into consideration in determining the
net profits under Articles 30 and 32.
2. For other necessary expenditures compensation may
be demanded to the extent that such expenditures should
not have been written off in the course of proper manage
ment oithe confiscated property.
'
3. For other than necessary expenditures the restitutor
may demand compensation only to the extent that such
expenditures should not have been written off in the course
At proper management of the confiscated property and only
the extent to which the value of the pr(jperty is. still
.lanced by such expenditures at the time of the restitution.
In this case the liability' of the claimant shall be limited to
the resti tuted property and any other compensation to which
he is entitled under this Law. The exercise of the claimant's
privileges of limiting his liability shall be governed by
Sections 1990 and 1991 of the Civil Code.
4. A person who at any time obtained the confiscated
pr(jperty by way of an aggravated confiscation may demand
compensation only for necessary expenditures under the
conditions set forth in paragraph 2 hereof and under the
further condition ·that such expenditures were in the clai
mant's interest. The same rule shall apply to any holder
or former holder of the confiscated property from the time
when he knew, or should have known under the circum
stances, that the property at any time has been obtained by
way of an aggravated confiscation.
5. Where the provision of Article 26, paraggraph 1,. are
found to be applicable, no compensation can be claimed for
any expenditures which resulted in a fundamental change
substantially enhancing the value of the' property within
the meaning of Article 26, paragraph 1.
Verwendungsansprfiche
1. Gewohnliche Erhaltungskosten fUr den zuriickzuerstat
tenden Vermogensgegenstand sind unbeschadet ihrer Be
rucksichtigung bei Ermittlung der Reinnutzungen nach Ar
likel 30 und 32 Dicht zu ersetzen.
2. Fiir sonstige notwendige Verwendungen kannErsatz in
soweit verlangt werden, aIs sie bei ordnungsmiiBiger Bewirt
schaftung des entzogenen Vermogensgegenstandes noch nicht
ais abgeschrieben zu gelten' haben.
3. Fur andere als notwendige Verwendunoen ka~n der
Riickerstattungspftichtige Ersatz nur insoweit °verlangen als
sie b:i ordnungsmiiBiger Bewirtschaftung des entzog~nen
Vermogensgegenstandes noch nicht als abgeschrieben zu
gelten haben und durch die Verwendungen der Wert der
Sacho noch zur Zeit der Riickerstattung erhOht ist. Die Hal
tung des BerechUgten beschriinkt sich in diesem Falle auf
den zuriickerstatteten Vermogensgegenstand und die sons
ligen Hun 'aus der ROckerstattung zustehenden Anspriiche.
F~r die Ge~tendmachung der Haftungsbeschrankung ftnden
die Vorschrlften der §§ 1990, 1991 BGB entsprechende An
wendung.
.
. 4. We~ de~ entzo~enen Vermogensgegenstand zu irgend
emer Zeit mlttels emer schweren Entziehung erlangt hat,
kann Ersatz nur fiir notwendige Verwendungen unter den
Voraussetzungen des Absatz 2 und unter der weiteren Vor
aussetzung verlangen, daB die Verwendungen dem Interesse
des Berechtigten entsprachen. Dasselbe gilt filr den Inhaber
oder einen friiheren Inhaber des entzogenen Vermogens
gegenstandes von dem Zeitpunkt an, von dem er wuBte oder
den Umstanden nach annehmen muBte, daB der Vermogens
gegenstand zu irgendeiner Zeit mittels einer schweren Ent
zrehung erlangt worden war.
5. FUr Verwendungen, die zu einer wesentlichen Ver
iinderung und dadurch zu einer erheblichen Wertsteigerung
einer Sache im Sinne des Artikels 26, Absatz 1 gefUhrt
haben, kann kein Ersatz verlangt werden, wenn die Bestim
mungen des Artikels 26, Absatz 1 Anwendung finden.
ARTICLE 35
ARTIKEL 35
Duty to Furnish Particulars
The parties shall be liable to furnish particulars, where
such information is necessary to effectuate claims under this
Law. Sections 259 to 261 of the Civil Code shall be
applicable.
Aus"unftspfticht
Soweit es zur Geltendmachung von Anspriichen auf
~mnd dieses Gesetzes notwendig ist, sind die Beteiligten
emander zur Auskunftserteilung verpfiichtet. Die Bestim
mungen der §§ 259-261 BGB finden entsprechende An
wendung.
ARTICLE 36
ARTIKEL 36
Eigentumserwerb an Frilchten
Title to Increase
Fur den Erwerb des Eigf.mtumS an Erzeugnissen und son
"~"e provisions of the Civil Code shall be applicable to
stigen zu den Friichten der entzogenen Sache gehorenden
1CqUiSitiOn of title to the produce and other Increase
Bestandteilen gelten die Bestimmungen des Burgerlichen
.ofiscated property. Where the possessor or former pos . Gesetzbuches. Hat ein Besitzer oder frilherer Besitzer die
. sessor did not obtain the property by way of an aggravated Sache auf andere Weise als mittels einer schweren Ent
confiscation, he shall be deemed to be the owner of the ziehung erlangt,so gilt er unbeschadet seiner Verpftichtung
p~oduce and other increase of the confiscated property,
zur Heraus~abe von gezogenenNutzungen als Eigentilmer
Without prejudice, however, to his obligation to return any der Erzeugmsse und sons tiger zu den Friichten der entzoge
profits.
nen Sacha gehorenden Bestandteile.
c,_
10
�PART VI
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SECHSTER ABSCHNlTl'
CONTINUED EXISTENCE OF INTERESTS
AND LIABILITY FOR DEBTS
. FORTBESTAND VON RECHTEN UND HAFTUNG
FtJR VERBINDLICHKEITEN
ARTICLE 37
Continued ExJstence of Interests
1. Any interest in the confiscated property Shall con
tiriue to be effective to the extent to. which it exiSlted prior
to the act constituting the confiscation, and insofar' as It
has not been extinguished or discharged thereafter. The
sarl'le .shall apply to any interest .created at a later date
• to the extent to whlch the total amount of all claims
(principal and accessory claims) does nat exceed the total
amount of all such claims as they existed prior to the act
constituting the confiscation (hereinafter referred to as
limit of encumbrances). An interest which does nnt involve
payment of money 'Shall continue to be effective only
where an interest 01. the same kind 'already existed prior
~o the confiscation and the inteTest· subsequently create~
IS' not more burdensome than that existing at the time of
the confiscation, or where suob dnterest would have come
into !existence even though the property had ·not been
confiscated. .
2. The Ilmdt of encumbrances shall 'be radsed to' the
extent to which any interest of a third person results from
expenditures for which the restitutor may claim compen
satiem pursuant to Article 34.. Any other interest of a thirrl
person which exceeds the I1mit of encumbrances set forth
in paragraph 1 of this Article and which results from
expenditures for which the restitutor cannot claim com
pensation pursuant to Article 34 shall be extinguished.
unless at the time of the restitution the value of the object
is still Increased correspondingly as the result of the ex
penddture and the third person shows that he neither knoew,
nor should have known under the circumstances that the
property had been obtained by way of an aggravated con
fiscation.
.
. 3. Interests in the property subject to restitution which.
In connection with the confiscation,. had been created In
favor· of the claimant or his predecessor in interest shall
conlJinue to be effective irrespective of the limit of en
cumbrances. This shall be without prejudice to any claim
of the claimant for the restitution of such interests in case
they had 'been confiscated.
.
4. Interests resulting from the conversion of the Home
Rent .Tax, with the exception of overdue payments shall
continue to' be effective irrespective of the limit ~f en
cumbrances
ARTICLE 38
DevolVing of Encumbrances
If real property <has :been encumbered by any .transaction,
leg~l act,
any governmental act constitUting a confis
caban within the meaning of this Law, such an en
cumbrance shall devolve on the claimant and shall not
be considered in computing the ldmit of encumbrances as
provided In Article 37. This shall apply particularly t6 en
cumbrances which were entered In the Land Title Reg
Ister (Grundbuch) in connectlonwith the·· Capital Flight
Tax, the Property Tax on Jews and similar enactments;
ARTICLE 39
Personal LIability
.'
.
If, prior to the confiscation o.f real property, the claimant
or his predecessor In Interest was personally liable in respect
of any debt which was secured ,by a mortgage, land charge
(Grundschuld) or annuity charge (Rentenschuld) on the real
property, he shall assume personal liability at the time of
recovery of title to the extent to which the mortgage, land
charge or annuity charge continues to be effective under the
preceding provisions. The same shall ,apply In case of obliga
tions in regard to which the restitutor may demand to be
released pursuant to Article 34 of this Law and Section 257
of the Civil Code. The same shall apply also in the case of
liabilities which continue to be effective according to
Article 37, paragraph I, second sentence, and which replace
charges for which the claimant Or his predecessor in Interest
had been personally liable.
0::
ARTIKEL 37
Fortbestand von Rechten
1. Rechte an. dem entzogenen Vermi:Sgensgegenstand blei
ben bestehen. sowelt sie bestanden' haben, bevor die die Ent
ziehung darstellende Handlung vorgenommen worden 1st
und sle seither nicht getilgt oder abgeli:Sst worden sind. D~
Glelche gilt fiir spater entstandene Rechte, soweit die Ge
samtswnme alier Haupt- und Nebenforderungen nicht hi:Sher
ist als die Gesamtsumme aller Haupt- und Nebenforderun
gen, die bestanden haben. bevor die Entziehung vorgenom
men worden ist (Belastungsgrenze). Rechte, die nicht auf
Zahlung von Geld gerichtet sind, bleiben nur dann bestehen,
wenn gleichartige Rechte VOl' del' Entziehung bereits be
standen haben und die spater entstandenen Rechte nicht
Uistiger sind ais die zur Zeit del' Entziehung bestehenden
Rechte, oder wenn die Rechte auch ohne die Entziehung
ents1anden waren.
2. Die Belastungsgrenze erhi:Sht slch, "sOwelt Rechte Drit:" '
tel' aus Verwendungen herrilhren, fill' die der Riickerstat
tungspfiichtlge gemiiJ3 Artlkel 34 Ersatz verlangen kann.
Sonstige die Belastungsgrenze des' Absatz 1 libersteigende
Rechte Dritter, die aus V~rwendungen herrlihren, fUr die
der Riickerstattungspftlchtlge gem~iB Artikel 34 Ersatz nicht
verlangen kann, erli:Sschen, es sei denn, daJ3 der Wert' der
Sache zur Zeit der Riickerstattung durch die Verwendun~
noch entsprechend erhOht ist und der Dritte nac'hweist, daB
er wedel' wuJ3te noch den Umstiinden nach annehmen muBte .
daO die Sache mittels eineT schweren Ent~iehung erlangt
war.
3. Rechte, die fUr den Berechtigten oder seinen Rechts
vorgiinger an dem zuriickzuerstattenden Vermi:Sgensgegen-"
stand anliiJ31ich der EntzielJ:l.Ung begrlindet waren, bleiben
ohne Riicksicht auf die Belastungsgrenze bestehen. An
spriiche des BeTechtigten auf Riickerstattung derartiger
Rechte, soweit sle ihm entzogen worden sind, bleiben un
beriihrrt.
.
4. Rechte, die aus der Abgeltung der Hauszinssteuer her
riihren, mit Ausnahme des Rechtes auf riickstiindige Leistun
gen, bleiben o'hne Rlicksicht auf die Belastungsgrenze un
beriihrt.
ARTIKEL 38
Obergang von Rechten
Wenn ein Grundstilck dtirch ein eine Entziehung im Sinne
dieses Gesetzes darstellendes Rechtsgeschaft. Rechtshand
lung oder Staatsakt belastet worden 1st, so geht das Recht
aus einer. solchen Belastung auf den Berechtigten .liber und
ist bel Berechnung der in Artlkel 37 vorgesehenen Be
llistungsgrenze nlc'ht zu beriicksichtlgen. Dies gilt Insbe
sondere fUr Rechte, die 1m Zusammenhang mit der Reichs
fluchtsteuer, Judenvermogensabgabe und iihnUchen MaJ3
nahmen im Grundbuch eingetragen sind.
ARTIKEL 39
Schuldfibernahme .
Sowelt der Berechtlgte oder seln Rechtsvorganger vor. der
. Entziehung elnes GrundstUcks persOnlicher Sc'hul?ner emer
Forderung war. fUr die an dem GrundstUck eIne Hypo
thek, Grundschuld oder Renten'schuld bestellt 'worden
war, Ubernimmt del'. Berechtigte mit der Wieder~rlan
gung des Eigellltums die personliche Schuld, Insowelt als
die Hypothek Grundschuld oder Rentenschuld nach den
vorstehenden 'Bestimmungen bestelJ:l.en bleibt. Das gleiche
gilt,soweit es sich um Verblndlichkeiten h:andelt, b~~iiglich
deren der Riickerstattungspflichtige BefrelUng gemaB Ar
tikel 34 dieses Gesetzes, § 257 BGB. verlangen kann. Das
gleiche gilt ferner bel Verbindlichkeiten, die nach Artikel37.
Absatz 1 Satz 2 bestehen bleiben und an Stelle von Verbind
lichkeit~n getreten sind. fUr die der Berechtlgte oder sein
Rechtsvorganger persOnlicher Schuldner gewesen war.
11
�ARTICLE 40
ARTIKEL 40
Demand for Assignment
tJbertragungsanspruch
1. Der Berechtigte kann verlangen. daB ihm eine an dem
zurUckzuerstattenden Grundstiick eingetragene Hypothek,
Grundschuld oder Rentenschuld, die einem Besitzer oder
friiheren Besitzer des Grundsrucks zusteht, der dieses zu
irgendeiner Zeit mittels einer schweren Entziehung erlangt
hatte, entschadigungslos ubertragen wird. Dies gilt nicht
beziiglich der der Hypothek zugrundeliegenden persOnlichen
Forderung. Bei Rechten, die vor der Entziehung begriindet
worden waren, findet Artikel 46, Absatz 3 entsprechende
Anwendung.
.2. Absatz 1 flndet keine Anwendung auf Belastungen, die
gemaB den Vorschriften dieses Gesetzes einzutragen sind.
1. The claimant may demand the assignment to him,
without compensation, of any mortgage, land cha:-ge . or
annuity charge against, real property subject to restitution
which is held by any holder or form~r holder of such prop
erty who at any time obtained the property by way of an
aggravated confiscation. This shall not apply to the personal
debt on which the mortgage is based. Any interest. ~reated
prior to the confiscation shall be subject to the proVlSlons of
Article 46, paragraph 3.
2. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to ericum~
brances created pursuant to the provisions of this Law.
ARTICLE 41
ARTIKEL U
Liability for Debts of a. Business Enterprise
1. If the claimant recovers a business enterprise Or an~
other aggregate of properties, the creditors holding debts
incurred in the operation of the enterprise or obligations
with which the aggregate of properties has been encumbered
may. from the time of the reco"ery, also assert against the
claimant such claims as existed at such time.
2. In this case the liability of the claimant shall be lim
ited to the restituted property and any other compensation
to which he is entitled under this Law. The claimant's
privilege of limiting his liability shall be governed by
Sections 1990 and 1991 of the Civil Code.
3. The claimant shall not be liable under paragraphs 1
~nd 2 to the extent to which the total amount of liabilities
exceeds the limit of encumbrances to be computed in an
,logous ,application of Article 37, and insofar as the excess
;he amount of liabilities is not covered by an excess of
assets resulting from the application of Article 29, para
graph 3. In such case the Restitution Chamber, in its
equitable discretion, shall take the requiSite measures in
analogous application of Article 37. Debts held by creditors
who neither knew nor should have known under the cir
cumstances that the business enterprise or other aggregate
of properties at any time had been obtained by way of
confiscation within the meaning of this,Law shall have pref
erence. Liabilities of, equal priority shall be reduced pro
rata, if necessary.
Hartung tOr Geschli.ttsverbindUchkeiten
1. Erlangt der Berechtigte ein geschliftliches Unternehmen
oder einen sonstigen Vermogensinbegrifl zuruck, so konnen
die Glliubiger der im Betrieb des Unternehmens begrUn~
deten odei' auf dem sonstigen Vermogensinbegriff lastenden
Verbindlichkeiten von dem Zeitpunkt der Wiedererlangung
an ihre zu dieser Zeit bestehenden Aoopruche auch gegen
den Berechtigten geltend machen.
2. Die Haftung des Berechtigten beschrlinkt sich auf den
zuriickerstatteten Vermogen'Sgegenstand und die sonstiJ<en
ihm aus der Rilckerstattung zustehenden Anspriiche. FUr
die Geltendmachung der Haftun~beschrankung finden die
Vorschriften der §§ 1990, 1991 BGB. entsprechende Anwen
dung.
'
3. Die Haftung des Berechtigten gemaB Absatz 1 und, 2
trltt nlcht ein soweit der Gesamtbetrag der VerbindUch
kelten die in e'ntsprechender Anwendung des Artikels 37 zu
errechnende Belastungsgrenze ubersteigt und der Ubers1ei
gende Betrag der Verbindlichkeiten auch nicht durch einen
nach Artikel 29, Absatz 3 sich ere:ebenden Mehrbetrag der
Aktiven J<edeckt erscheint. Die Wiedergutmachungskammer
triflt in diesem Falle nach billigem Ermessen die erforder
lichen MaBnahmen in sinngemaBer Anwendung de!; Ar
tikels 37. Hierbei f!ehen Verblndlichkeiten, deren GUiubiger
beim Erwerb der Forderung weder wuBtE'n noch den Um
sUinderi nach annehmen muBten. daB das Unternehmen oder
der 'SOnstige Vermogensinbegriff zu irgendeiner Zeit dUTch
eine Entziehung im Sinne dieses Gesetzes erlangt worden
war grundslitzlich, anderen Verbindlichkeiten vor. Bei
glel~hrangigen Verbindlichkeiten findet, soweit erforderlich,
eine Kilrzung nach dem Verhliltnis ibrer Betrage statt.
ARTICLE 42
ARTIKEL 42
. Leases
1. If a restitutor or any Lormer possessor has leased real
property to a third person, the claimant may terminate !he
lease by giving notice, the termination to become effechve
ori the date prescribed by Law. Such notice cannot be given
until the Restitution Authority has determined that the,
property is subject to restitution, and such determination is
no longer subject to appeal, or until the fact that the prop~
erty is subject to restitution has been acknowledged in any
other way. The notice must be given within three months
from such date, or from the date when the claimant in fact
takes possession of the real property, if he takes possession
at a later date.
2. The provisions of the Law for the Protection of
Tenants (Mieterschutzgesetz) in the version of 15 December
1942 (RGBI. I, page 712) shall not apply to any restitutor
or his predecessor in interest who obtained the property
subject to resUtutionby way of an aggravated confiscation
or .who, at the time he acquired the property, knew, or
s~'
'", have known under the circumstances, that the prop
el"
any time had been obtained by way of an aggravated
co'hU:ication. The provisions of the Law for the Protection
of Tenants shall also not apply insofar as the claimant Is
in need of adequate dwelling space ·for himself or his close
relatives. Similarly, the Law for the Protection of Tenants
;hall not apply It dwelling space, which at the time of the
Mlet· Dnd Paehtverhliltnisse
1. Hat der RUckerstattungspflichtige oder ein friiherer
Besitzer ein GrundstUck an einen Dritten vermietet oder
verpachtet, so kann der Berec'htigie das Miet- oder Pacht~
\'erhaltni'S mit der gesetzlichenKiindigungsfrist kfindigen.
Die Kundigung ist erst zullissig. wenn die Wiederl!Ut
machungsorgane die Rilckerstattungsnflicht rechtskrlUtig
festgestellt haben oder diese Pflichrt anderweit anerkannt 1st.
Die Kundigung mu13 binnen 3 Monaten von diesem. Zeit
punkt oder von der tatslichlichen 'Obemahme des Grund~
stilcks an, wenn diese spliter erfolgt. vorgenommen werden,
2. Die Bestimmungen des iMieterschutzgesetzes in der
Fassung vom 15. <Dezember 1942 (RGBI. I. s. 712) flnden,
keine Anwendung auf RuckerstattungspfllchUge oder deren
Rechtsvor,ganger. die den zuriiCkzuerstattenden Vermogens~
/i!egenstand dureh wh'Wlere Entzlehunf{ erlangt haben oder
belm Erwerb wuBten oder den Umstlindennach annehmen
muBten, daB der Vermo!{ensgegenstand zu ,Irl!endelner
Zeit durch elne schwere Entzlehung erlangt worden \var.
Die Bestimmungen des Mieterschutzgeretzes flnden femer
kelne Anwendung, sowelt der Berechtlgte Wohnrliume fUr
slch oder seine nahen Angehorigen zum ~mgemessenen
Wohnen 'benotlgt. Das glelche gilt, wenn Wohnraum. der
1m Zeitpunkt der Entziehung oder der Erhebung des Ruck
erstattungsanspruchs 1m Zusammenhang :mit demBetrieb
elnes zurUckzuerstattenden geschl!.ftlichen' Unternehmens
12
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n
�§
~
~k,l'
ler\
zu .
Igt
:ht
en
.et
:'Ie
1
i
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:
I
,
confiscation or of the filing of the petition for restitution was
used in connection with the operation of a business enter
prise subject to restitution. is needed for the continued
operation of such enterprise. The provisions of the Law
for the Protection of Tenants shall not be applicable to space
used. for commercial purposes if the claimant has a legit
imate interest in the immediate return of such space.
3. Leases entered into with .the approval of Military
Government may be cancelled only with the consent of
Military Government.
henunt wurde, zur ·WeltertUhrung des Unternehmens .be
nlStlgt wird. Bel GeschlUtsrllumen. sind c:Ue Best1mmunger
des Mietersehutzgesetzes lnsowelt nicht anwendbar, als del
Berechtlgte ·an deren alsbaldlger RUekgabe eln begrilndete~
Interesse bat.
3. Miet- Wld PaclltVertrage, die mIt Genehmlgung del
Mllltl:irregierung abgesehlossen worden sInd, k6nnen nUl
mit deren Zustlmmung gekUndLgt werden.
In
In
Ir
le
ARTIKEL 43
Dlenstvertrlge
Irrespective of any contractual provision to the contrary;
the claimant may terminate any existing employment con
tract made since the confiscation by the restltutor or any
former holder. of a business enterprise subject to re&tltution
by giving notice as provided: In a collective labor-agreement.
or In the absence thereof within the statutory period; this
shall not prejUdice the right of the claimant to. terminate
an employment contract for just cause without notice.
Notice cannot be given until the Restitution Authorities have
determined that the enterprise is subject to restttution and
such determination is no longer subject' to appeal, or until
the fact that an enterprise Is subject to restitution b.as been
acknowledged In some other way. Such notice must be
given within three months from such date. or from the time
when the claimant In fact obtains possession of the enter
prise, If he obtains possession at a later date.
lie
ARTICLE 43
EmplOl'1Deni Contracts
Der BerechUgte kann laufende D1enstvertrAge. die der
RUckerntattungspfllchttge oder ein trilherer Inhaber elnes
zurilek:zuerstattenden gesch~ftlichen Unternehmens In diesem .
nach der Entzlehung abgesehlossen hatte, vorbehaUlIch elnes
etwalgen Roohtes auf' frlstlose Kllndlgung, obne RUekslcht
auf a'bwelehende Einzel-Vertragsbestimmungen mit der
tarlfUchE'm oder gesetzHcllen Ktindlgungsfrist kilndlgen.
Die Ktlndlgung 1st erst zuUissig, wenn die Wledergut
machungsorganedle RUckJerstattungspflicht rechtskrllftlg
festgestellthaben oder diese Pfldcllt anderwelt anerkannt ist.
Sie muB blnnen 3 oMonaten von diesem Zeitpunkt an oder
von der tatsilchUchen 'Obernahme des Unternehmens an.
wenn dlese spllter erfolgt, vorgenommen Wlerden.
PART VII
SIEBENTER ABSCBNITr
ANSPRUCHE DES RUCKERSTATTUNGS- .
PFLICHTIGEN AUF RUCKGEWXHR
UNDAUSGLEICB
CLAIMS OF THE RESTITUTORFOR REFUND
AND INDEMNIFICATION
2
.
n
. ARTICLE 44
ObligatIon to Refund
r
r
ARTIKEL 44
Rflekgewlhrpmcht
II
1. Der Berechilgte bat dem RUckerstattungspfilchtigen
1. In exchange for the restitution of the confiscated
gegen RUckerstattung des entzogenen Verm6gens~egen
property the claimant shall refund to the restitutor the conslderation received by him, In kind if possible. This amount , standes das erhaltene Entgelt, wennmoglich In Natur.
shall be increased by the amount of .any encumbrance herauszugeben. Das Entgelt el'hobt slch um den Betra~
against the confiscated property 'exJstlng at the time of der vor der Entzlehungbestehenden und seither getllgten
conflscation and discharged 1lb.ereatter, unless such eneum- . Belastungen des ennogenen Vermogensgegenstandes, soweit
brance has been replaced by another encumbrance which I an deren Stelle nicht andere bestehenbleibende Belastungen
getreten sind oder die getillrte ·Belastung nlcht selbst. apt
continues to be effective, and unless the discharged en
cumbrance was created as the result of a confiscation within Grund ~Iner Entzlehung.1m Sinne dies.es Gesetzes entstanden
1st.
the meaning of th~s 'Law.
.
2. Flndet im Falle der 'Entzlehung mehrerer Vermogens
2. Where reveral items of property welle confiscated for
gegenstll.n.de gegen eln Gesamtentgelt die RUckerstattung
a consideration consisting of a lump sum, but restitution
takes place in regard to some (Yf these Items only, the lump nur 'in Ansehung einzelner Verm6gensgegensUinde statt, sO
sum shall be reduced !pro rata, In the ratio which at the lst das Gesamtentgelt in dem VerhliUnls berabzusetzen. In
time of the conflscation existed 'between the lump sum and. welchem 7JUr Zeit der Entzlehung der VermogensgegenstAnde
das e;.,..sa.mtentgelt zu dem Wert der zurtickzuers:t~t~erg:!l'!n
the value of those items to be restituted.
3. If' at the time of the conflscation thte claimant, for Verm5gensgegenstlinde .stand.
. 3. Hat der Berechtlgte bel der Entzlehung ganz oder tell
any of the reasons set forth m Article I, did not obtain,
weise aus den Grilnden des Artikels 1 nicht die trele Ver
wholly or in part, the power .treely to dispose of the con
sldetatlon received, the refund shall be diminished by a fU!tUng Ober dleG~enlelstung des Erwerbers erl/ln!.tt. so
like amount. The clarimant shall assign to the restltutor verrnlndert sich das :Entgelt um ~esen Betrag. Der Berech
tlgte hat einen ihm etwa zustehenden Wledergutmaehungs
any claim for Indemnification to which he may be entitled
with respect to this amount.
anspruch dem RUckerstattungspfllchtlgen abzutreten.
4. Der Bereehtllrte hat In kelnem :Falle mehr zurilck
4. Under no circumstances shall the claimant be re
quired to refund any amount eXceeding the value of the . zu~ewflhren. als den Wert des entzogenen Verm5gensgegen
confiscated property at the time of restitutilon less the' standes im Zeitpunkt der Rilckerstattung abztlgUch des
value of the encumbrance reeogmzed against the' property. Wertes der bestehenbleibenden Belastungen.
I
r
I
r
'1
1
i
ARTICLE 45
Equitable LIen
(
The restltutor shall hiave no equitable lien (Zurueck
behaitungSTeChrt) for his claims insofar as such lien would
substantially delay the speedy restltutdon of the confiscated
property. The same shall apply to any ~xecutlon or attach
ment of the. COnflscated property bas~ on any counterclaim.
ARTIKEL 45
Zurilckbehaltungsreeht
Jror Ansprilche des RilckerstattungsPfilchtigen kann ein
Zurilck.<behaltungsrecbt insoweit nicht geltend Ilemacht
werden al8 dies die schleunlge RUckerstattung des ent
zogene~ Vermogensgegenstandes erheblich verzogern wtirde.
Das 'gleiehe ~11t filr Zwangsvollstreekung und Arrestvoll
zlehungauf Grund von Gegenansprilchenln die entzogenen
VermiSgIe%lsgegenstlinde.
1'3
�f
\
ARTICLE 46
Judicia;l Determination of Terms of Payment
ARTIKEL 46
Gerlchtliche Festsetzung ffir Zahiungen
1. The Restitution Authorities shall determine the terms
of payments to be made in connection with' restitution,
taking into consideration the purpose of tMs Law, the
debtor's ability to pay, and existing statutory prohibitions
and limitations on payments.
2. In cases involving the restitution of real property and
interests in the nature of real property, the claimant may
demand that an adequate period not exceeding ten years
be allow.!d for the payment of the refund and expendi~
tures, provided that a refund-mol'tgage bearing 4 % interest
be execut.zd on the praperty in favor of the restitutor, The
terms shall be specified by the Restitution Authorities upon
application.
3. In cases provided for in Article 34. iParngraph 3, and
Article 37, paragraph 2, the Restitution Aubhorities shall
determine the ma,turity dates of debts and the terms of
payment in such a way that the restitution of the confis
cated property will not be prejudiced under .any circum
stances nor its enjoyment by the claimant unduly Impaired.
1. Die Wdedergutmachungsargane haben die Zahlungs
fur 'Geldleistungen, die im Zusammenhang
mIt der Ruckerstattung ·stehen, unter Beriicksichtlgung des
Zw.zcks des Gesetzes, der Zahlungsfahigkeit des Verpfiich
teten und bestehendergesetzHcher Zahlungsver.bote und
Zahlungsbeschrankungen festzusetzen.
2. Der Beroohtigte kann im FaIle der Riic'kerstattung von
Grunds.tiicken und grundstiicksgleichen Rechten verlangen,
daB seme Verbindlichkeiten .zur Riickgewahr des Entgelts
und rum Ersatz von Verwendungen gegen Eintrag,ung einer
mit 4 v. H. verzinslichen Riickerstattungshypothek an dem
Grundstiick zu Gunsten des RiickerstattungspfilchUgen an
gemessen, jedoch mcht Hinger als 10 J'ahre, gestundet werden·
Die naheren Bedingungen bestimmen auf Antrag die Wleder
gutmachungsorgane.
3. In den Fallen der Artlkel 34, Absatz 3, und 37, Ab~
satz 2, haben die Wiedergutmachungsorgane die Falligkeit
von Verblndlichkeiten und die Zahlungsbedingungen so zu
regeln, daB keinesfalls dJie Riickerstattung des entzog>Znen
Vermogensgegenstandes ,gafaJbrdet oder die Nutzungdies
Berechtigten an demselben unbillig beeintrachtlgt wird.
ARTICLE 47
Cla.ims for Indemnification
1. Claims for indemnification which the restitutor mllY
h~we against any of his predecessors in interest shall he·
governed by the Tules of the Civil Law. The liabl.uty to make
r~~titution shall be deemed to conm.ttute a defect. In title
within the meanin!! of the Civil Code. Sp.ction 439, para
J?;raoh 1 of the Civil Code shall not be annHcable.
2. In case of restitution of real or tangible personal prop
e:rty. any claim provided in paragraph 1 mav be asserted
,{
onlya,;rainst the original pa-rty to the contract but also
--!(
.inst any predecessor in interest who was not in good
""lth at the time he. acquired the property. Such prede
cessors in interest shall be liable as joint debtors. Thoey
shalt not be liable,if the restitutar himself was not In
good f·aith.
ARTIKEL 47
Rfickgriffsanspriicbe
1. Die Riickgrlffsanspriiche des Riickerstattungspfilchtigen
gegen jeden mittetbaren Rechtsvorganger bestimmen slch
nach den Vorschriften des BUrgerlichen Rechts. Die RUck
erstattungspflicht bildet einen Mangel 1m Recht im Sinne
des BUrgerlichen Gesetzbuches. Die Bestimmung des § 439
Absatz 1 BGB findet kelne Anwendung.
2. Die naoh Absatz 1 zulassigen AnsprUche konnen 1m
Fane der Herausga'be einer Sache auch gegen jeden Rechts
vorganger geltend gemacht werden, der belm Erwerb der
Sache nicht im guten Glauben gewesen ist. Diese Rechts
vorganger haften als Gesamischuldner. Ein Anspruch gegen
sie 1st ausgeschlasssen, wenn auch der Riickerstattungs
pfiichtige nlcht im ,guten Glauben war.
ARTIKEL 48
Recbte Drltter an den AnsprUchen
des Rfickerstattungspftlchtlgen
ARTICLE 48
Lien of Third Persons on Claims
of
the Restltutor
1. Any interest in confiscated property which c~ases to
be effective pursuant to Article 37 shall remain a lien on
any claim which the restitutor "nay have for payment of
exoenditures, refund of consideration and for indemnlfi~
cation under Articles 34, 44 and 47; and on the proceeds
which the restltutor obtains on the basis of such claIms.
2. This provision shall not apply In favor of such persons
who by granting loans have ,aided an aggravated confis
cation.
RULE~
1. Rechte an dem entzogenen Vermogensgeg~nstand, die
nach Artikel 37 nicht an Ihm bestehen. bleiben, setzen slch
fOTt an dem Anspruch des RUckerstattungspfiichtigen auf
Ersatz. von Verwendungen, RUckgewahr des Entgelts und
RUckgrlff gemaB Artikel 34, 44, 47 und an demjenigen, was
der RUckerstattungspfiichtige auf Grund dieser Anspriiche
erlangt.
, ,- .
2. Dlese Bestimmung gUt nlcht zu Gunsten von Personen,
die zu einer schweren Entziehung durch Darlehnsgewahrung
Beistand geleistet haben.
ACHTERABSCHNITT
PART VI"
GENERAL
b~dingung:n
ALLGEMEINE VERFAHRENSBESTIMMUNGEN
OF PROCEDURE
ARTIKEL 49
ARTICLE 49
Basic Principles
Grundsatz
1. Das Riickerstattungsverfahren solI eine rasche und
vollstandige Wiedergutmachung herbelfUhren. Die Wieder~
gutmachungsorgane konnen' von Verfa'hrensvorschriften, die
in diesem Gesetz fUr anwendbar erklart sind im Elnzelfall
abweichen, wenn dies der Beschleunlgung d~r Riickerstat
tung dient und dadtirch weder die volle Aufklarung des
Sachverhalts noch die Gewahrung des rechtlichen Gehors
beeintrachtigt wird.
2. Die Wledergutmachungsorgane haben die Lage in die
der Berec'htlgte durch die VerfolgungsmaBnahmen ~us den
Grunden des Artikels 1 geraten 1st, bei der Ermittlung des
Sachverhalts weitgehend zu beriickSichtigen. Dies gilt ins'"
be.oondere, soweit die Beibringung von Beweismitteln durch
Verlust von Urkunden, Too oder Unauffindbarkelt von
1. The restitution proceedings shall be conducted in such
a manner as to bring about speedy and complete restitution.
rheRestitution Authorities may deviate in individual cases
'rom procedural rules declared applicable by this Law, If
o do so will serve to accelerate restitution, provided that
·u~.deviation does not impair complete investigation of
hS
,ts or the legal right to a fair hearing.
~_ .. ascertaining the facts of the case the Restitution
,uthorities shall bear fully in mind the circumstances In
!hlch the claimant finds himself as a result of measures of
ers~cution for the reasons set -forth In Article 1. This shall
artlcularly apply where the producing of evidence has
(!en rendered difficult or impossible through the loss of
14
I
J
�documents, the death or unavailabUtyof witnesses, the • Zeugen, Auslandsaufenthalt des Berechtigten urid lhnliche
residence abroad of the claimant, or simILar circumstances. Umstlinde erschwert oder unmlSgllch geworden 1st. Eldes
stattliche Versicherungen des Berechtlgten und von Ihm
Affidavits of the claimant and his witnesses shall be ad
benannter Zeugen sind zuzulassen. Dies gilt auch dann
mitted. This shall apply even though the affiant died after wenn die die eidesstattllche Versicherung abgebende Person:
nach Abgabe der Versicherung verstorben ist.
signing the affidavit..
:s
,r
n
,-
ARTIKEL 50
Erbrecht und auslindlsches Recht
1. Wer slch auf eine erbrechtllche Stellung beruft, hat
dlese nachzuwelsen.
2. Auslll.ndisches Recht bedarf des Bewelses, soweit es
den Wledergutmachungsorganen unbekannt I'st.
ARTICLE 51
n
1,
ARTICLE 50
Right of Succession and Foreign Law
'1. Any 'person who bases any claim upon a right of suc
cession on death must establish such right
2. Foreign law must be proved so far as It Is unknown to
the Restitution Authorities.
'
ARTIKEL 51
Todesvermutung
Presumption of Deatb
t
l
:l
S
Any persecuted person, whose last known residence was In
Germany or a country under the, jurisdiction of or occupied
by Germany or its Allies and as to whose whereabouts or
continued life after 8 May 1945 no information is available.
'shall be, presumed to have died on 8 May 1945; however, If
It, appears probable that such a person died on a date other
than 8 May, the Restitution Authorities may deem such other
datl~ to be the 9ate of death.
ARTICLE 52
Safeguardlug
1. The Restitution Authorities shall: If .the' sltu~tion so
requires, safeguard confiscated property in a suitable man
ner. Thp.v m'l.V to that end Issue temnorarvlni'rnctlnnl'
(einstweiUge VerfUgung) or restraining orders (Arrest). either
upon their own motion or u'Oon application. Such injunc
tions or orders shall be modified or vacated if the property
r.:on h... safe!tuard bv anv mher mea~res than thrn:;e taken.
or If there is no further' need for their continuation.
2. The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure on "Ar
rest und einstweilll<e VerfUr<ung", as amended or as here
after amended, shall be applicable.
Wenn eln Verfolgter seinen letzten bekannten AufenthaIt
in Deutschland oder In elnem von Deutschland oder seinen
AllUerten besetzten oder annektiertE!D Geblet hatte und seln
Aufenthalt selt dem 8. Mai 1945 unbekannt 1st, ohne daB
Nachrldlten datiiber vorUegen. dall er zu diesem oder elnem
spateren Zeitpunkt noch gelebt hat. so wlrd vermutet. daB
er am 8. Mal 1945 verstorben 1st. Falls nach den UmstAnden
'des Elnzelfalls ein anderer Zeitpunkt des Todes wahrscheln
llch erscheint, so k5nnen die Wiedergutmachungsorltane
dlesen anderen Zeltpunkt als Zeitpunkt des Todes fest
stellen.
I , •
ARTIKEL 52
SlcherungspBlcbt
1. Die Wledergutmachungsorgane haben entzogene Ver
mogens-r<el!'enssUinde. wenn eln BedUrfnis besteht, In geeig
neter Weise slcherzustellen. Sle konnen hierzu auf An,trag
rKler von Amts wegen einstweiUge VerfUgun/ten anordnen
oder Arrestbefehle erlassen. mese sind abzu'lI.ndern od~r
aufzuheben. wt>nn die Sicherstellung' durch andere als die
!'!etroffenen Mallnahmenerrelcht werden kann, oder das Be
diirfnis nach Ihrer Aufrechterhaltung entfallt.
2. Die Vorschriften der ZivilprozeBordnune; iiber Arrest
und elnstweiUge VerfUgungen sind In der jewells geltenden
Fassung ,en1$prechend anwendbar.
'
ARTIKEL 53
Treubinder
1. In FAllen. In denen fUr entzogene Verm5gensgegen
1. Where supervision of the confiscated property Is nec
stAnde eine FiirsorJ;fe erforderlich 1st, 1st eln TreuhAnder zu
esssary, a -trustee shall be appointed provided no other bestellen. soweil' nlcht hlerfUr die Zustandigkeit einer ande
authority exercises jurisdiction over such property.
ren BehOrde begtiindet 1st.
2. Fur die Bestellung und Beaufslchtl{!'Ung des Treu
2. Unless provided otherwise by Implementing regulation,
handers geIten die Vorschriften fiber die Verwaltune; be
the rules concerning the Administration of Blocked Property
schla~ahmten Vermogens, sowelt nlcht durch AusfUhrungs
shall. apply to the appointment and supervision of a trustee.
vorschriften Abwelchendes bestlmmt wird.
ARTICLE 53
Trustee
ARTICLE 54'
Jurisdiction of Otber Autborltles to Take
Measures as Set Forth .n Articles 52 and 53
Where the safeguarding measures described In Articles ~2
and 53 are within the jurisdiction of another agency, the'
Restitution Authorities will request the appropriate agency
to take such measures.
Bowelt zu den in Artikel 52, 53 bezelchneten Sicherungs
mallnahmen andere Beh5rden zust!ndlg sind, haben die
'Wledergutmachungsorgane diese hierum zu ersuchen.
PART IX
NEUNTER ABSCRNITT
FILING OF CLAIMS
ANMELDEVERFAHREN
ARTICLE 55"
Central FlUng Agency
1. A .ce~tral Filing Agency for the filing of petitions
~or resbtutl~n will be established under regulations to be
'
,
Issued by MIlitary Government.
2; The Cent~al Filing Agency shall transmit the petition
to bhe appropnate Restitution Agency or Agencies.
ARTIKEL 55
Zentralanmeldeamt
1. Ffir die Anmeldung von RUckerstattungsansprilchen
wird eln Zentralanmeldeamt errichtet. Die niiheren Bestim
mungen hletiiber erUl.Bt die MiliUirreg!erung.
2. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat die Anmeldung den zu
standigen WiedergutmachungsbehOrden zu Ubermitteln.
15
ARTIKEL 54
Zust!i.ndJgkeJt anderer Beh8rden
zu MaBnabmen nach Artlkel 52, 53
�ARTIKEL 56
ARTICLE 56
Form Requirements and Period of Llmitation
for Filing Claims
Form und Frist der Anmeldung
: 1. A petition for restitution pursuant to this Law shall
be subm1tted to the Central Filing Agency in writing on or
before 31 December 1948. Details as to the .form of filing
will be provided in regulations to be issued by Military
G<lvernment.
2. The petition shall be substantiated by documents or
affidavits.
3. The petition may be effectively filed by anyone of
several co-claimants.
4. AnypeUtion, filed by a person who is not entitled to
restitution of the property, shall be deemed to have been
effectively fi·led in favor of the true claimant, or where
Articles 8, 10 and 11, are applicable, in favor of the suc
cessor organizations mentioned therein. The same shall ap
ply to the filing of petition by any such successor organi
zation.
'
1. Riickerstattungsanspriiche nach diesem Gesetz !'ind bis
spatestens '31. Dezember 1948 schriftlich bel dem Zentral
anmeldeamt anzumelden. Die naheren Bestimmungen fiber
die Form der Anmeldung erlii!lt die MiliUirregierung.
2. Der angemeldete Anspruch solI durch Urkunden oder
eidesstattllche Versicherungen glaubhaft gemacht werden.
3. Die Anmeldung kanh rechtswirksam durch einen von
mehreren Mitberechtigten erfolgen.
4. Die Anmeldung seitens eines vermeintlichen Berech
tigten wirkt zu Gunst~ des wahren Bereehtigten und unter
den Voraussetzungen der Artikel 8, 10 und 11 zu Gunsten
der dort bezeichneten Nachfolgeorganisationen. Das gleiche
gilt fUr die Anmeldung seitens dieser Nachfolgeorganisationen.
ARTICLE 5'7
ARTIKEL 5'7
Verhaltnfs zum ordentllehen Rechtsweg
Relation to Ot'her Remedies
Unless otherwise provided in this Law, any claim within
the scope o~ this Law may be prosecuted only under the
provisions and within the periods of limitation, set forth in
,this Law. However, any claim 'basedon tort, outside the
scope crf this Law. may be prosecuted in ·the ord:in'ary courts.
Anspriiche, die unter dieses Gesetz fallen, konnen, soweit
in diesem Gesetz nichts anderes bestlmmt 1st. nur 1m Ver- .
fahren nach diesem Gesetz und unter Einhaltung seiner
Fristengeltend gemacht werden. Anspriiche aus unerlaubter
Handluri~. die nicht unter die Bestlmmunlten dieses Gesetzes
fallen. konnE'n jedoch 1m ordentlichen Rechtsweg geltend
p,emacht werden.
ARTICLE 58
Contents of Petition to be Flied
ARTIKEL 58
Inhaltder Anmeldung
1. The petition shall contain a description of the con
fiscatedproperty. Time, place and circumstances of the
confiscation shaU be sta ted as exaotly as is possible under
t\.~ circumstances.
If a claim ds made for the payment
loney, the sum demanded shall be specified l.!ffeasible;
basis far the claim shall be substantiated.
2. So far as known to the claimant. the petition shall
contain the name and address of the restltutor, the names
and addresses of all persons having or cla4ming to have
" an interest in the property, lessees and tenants, if any,
and a statement as to all encumbrances existing at the
time of the confiscation of the property.
3. The Central Fi·ling Agency or the Restitution Author
ities may request the claimant to supplement bis petition
by a statement containing the data set forth in paragraphs 1
and 2. They may further require the claimant to swear
to his statement.
4. If the claimant does not have his domicile or residence
in one crf the four Zones of Occupation of Germany, or in
the City of Berlin, and if he has not appointed there an
attorney authorized to accept I':ervice of legal papers, he
may nominate in his petition a person domiciled there,
authorized to receive such papers. If he faJils to nominate
such a J;l'el'\Son. the· Restitution Agency shall do so and
notify the claimant of the appointment.
5. After a petition has been filed, a receipt shall be
issued by the Central Filing Agency notifing the claimant
of the Restj,tution Agency or Agencies to which thepetltlon
has been transmitted pursuant to Article 55, paragraph 2.
6. The period of limitation provided for in Article 56,
;>aragraph I, shall be deemed to have Ibeen complied with
)y the filing of a written petition with ,the Central Filing
\gency. although it is incomplete or in improper form.
I
'\.
1. Die Anmeldung mu6 eine Beschreibung des entzogenen
Vermogensgegenshndes enthalten. Zeit. Ort und UmsUinde
der Entziehung sollen. so genau als es den Umstanden nach
moglich ist. beschrieben werden;
Soweit tunlich, sollen
(ield?nsnriiche bezifiert sein; der Grund des Anspruchs solI
dargelegt werden.
2. Die Anmeldun~ soIl, sowelt dem Berechtigten bekannt.
Namen und Ansehrift des Riickerstattunltsofilchtlgen. Nllmen
und Ansehrlft aller Personen. die ein Recht an dem Ver
mogensgeltenstand haben oder geltend machen. etwaige
Mieter und Pachter und die An~abe der zur Zeit der Ent
ziehung an dem Vermogensgegenstand bestehenden Be
.
lastungen enthalten.
3. Das Zentralanmeldeamt oder die Wiedergutmachu,ngs
organe konnen die Erganzung einer Anmeldunl5 durch die In
Absatz 1 und 2 vor~esehenen, Angaben von dem Berechtig
ten verlangen; sie konnen ihm die eldesstattliche Versiche
rung seiner Angaben auferlegen.
4. Hat der Antral(steller selnen Wohnsitz oder gewohn
lichen Aufenthalt nlcht In einer der vier Besatzungszonen
Deutschlands oder der Stadt Berlin. und hat er daselbst aueh
keincn zum Emofantt von Zustellunl!en bevollmlichtlftten
ProzeBvertreter hestellt. !'o hat er in de.. Anmeldunl! einen
daselbst wohnhaften Zustellungsbevollmliehtilrten zu ben en
n.en. Ben"'''''1t .. r einen Zustel1unqshevl)nm~ehtiO'·",,,, ""ht ~o
hat die Wiederl!utmaehunltSbehorde pinen s,.,lrhpn 7.U be
stellen und den Antragsteller hlervon zu benachrlclHil!cn.
5. tiber' die erfol~te Anmeldung 1st seitens des Zenr-al
anmeldeamtes eine Bescheinlgung zu eneilen, in der der Be1'p rhthth'! davon in Kenntnls
~esetzt wird. an """l"h'" .iI'''
Wieder~utmaehun~sbehorden die Anmeldung gemliB Arlikel
55. Absatz 2 iiberm!ttelt worden ist.
6. Die In Artikel 56. Absatz 1 vorgesehEme Frist fUr die
AnmeJd'lnl{ eines RHckerstattungsanspruchs gilt all; gew"hrt.
wenn d!ese schriftllch be! dem Zentralanmeldeamt erfolgt
1st. selbst wenn sie unvollstandig und nieht in der vorge
schriebenen Form vorgenommen worden 1st.
ARTICLE 59
Venue
1. Any petition for restitution shall be transmitted by
1e <:entral Filing Agency to the Restitution Agency of
)e dIstrict in. which the property subject to restifJUtion Is
Icated. It It appears that a petition has been transmitted
ARTIKEL 59
. Ortliehe Zustindlgkeit
1. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat die Anmeldung des Riick
erstattungsanspruehs an die Wiedergutmaehungsbehorde des
Bezirks zu ubermltteln, In dem slch der zuriiekzuerstattende
Vermogensgegenstand befindet. Erg!bt sieh die Unzustlindig
16
�~-~ -~.-------.-
-
-"--
petition shan be referred by suob Restitution Agency to the
Restitution Agency having jurisdiction. The order of ref
erence shall be binding on the Agency to which the peti-.
tion has been referred.
2. An Implementing regulation may provide for additional
rules on venue, especially of claims for compensation
and ancillary claims,
kelt einer WiedergubnachungsbeMrde. So vet\velst sie den
ROck:erstattungsanspruch an die zusUlndIge Wiedergut
machungsbeh6rde. Der VerweisungsbeschluB 1st fOr dIese
bindencL
"
,
2. Dureh AusfOhrungsverordnungk6nnen weitere Vo~
schrlften ilber die 6rtllche Zustlindlgkeit,· namenillch zur
Geltendmachung von Ersatz- und Nebenansprilchen, erlassen
werden..
. '
ARTICLE 60
JurisdJetJ.on of Sub,ted Matter
The Restitution' Authorities shall have jurisdiction of the
subject matter hi-especti've of whether under any other
law a claim for restitution would' come within the jurisdic
tion of any ordinary, administrative, or other court, or
whether no court whatsoever would have jurisdiction.
ARTIKEL 8D
Saehliche ZustlndJgkelt
Die Wiedergutmachungsorgane sind sachlich zusUindiq'ohne
ROckslcht daraut, ob unter anderen gesetzUchen Bestim
mungen eln ROckerstattungsanspruch zur ZusUlndlgkeit der
ordentllchen Gerichte oder der Verwaltungs- odeI' sonstfger
Gerichte geharen wilrde· oder der Rechtsweg au'Sgeschiossen
~ ,(
wAre.
.
.
ARTICLE 61
Notice' of Claim
1. The Restitution Agency shall give notice of the petltion
by formal service on the parties concerned requiring that
an answer be filed within two months. Parties concerned
shall be deemed the restitutor, persons holding Interests
In rem, ll"s!leE'S or tenAnts of the confiscated pm!)1"""". '><1 mp'l1
as any other person the claimant mi~ht demand to be jofned
In the, proceedings. If thl" German Reich, a Land. a fonner
Lttnd. the former NSDAP or one of Its formations or
nffilUated organtzations Is a party, concerned, service shall
be made upon the State Minister of FInance. In the cases
riescribed In sentence 3 the State shall be authorized to
join the proceedings as a party In Interest~
2. Where the restitutor or his present address Is unknown
01' where It aooears trom the petition that any unknown
thIrd person may have an Interl"st in the confiscated proo
erh'. the Restitution Agencv shall cause the service by
oubUcation of the petition; the restftutor and ,the unknown
thlrri persons shall be requested thereby, within two month".
to declare their Interests to~ether with oroof thereof with
the Restitution AI!'p.ncy. Service by publIcation shall be
made nursuant to Section 204. paraln'aph 2. of the Code of
Civil Procedure as amended by Control Council Law No. 38
in the form prp.scribed for a summons. Service shall be
deeml"d to be pffective one month after publication In the
periodical specified in Section 204, paragraph 2, of the Code
of Civil Procedure.
3. Upon service ot the oetition the case shall be deemed.
to be pending (rechtsMngig).
4. When the claim for. restitution. affects real property
or an Interest in the nature ot realproperiy, the Restitu
tion Agency shall request that an entry in the Land Title
Register be made to the effect that a claim for restitution
has been filed.. (Notice of restitution. ROckerstattungsver
merk.) The notice of restitution. shall be eft'ective against
any thIrd person.
'.
5. The 'provisions ot the Code ot Civil Procedure con
cerning ThIrd Party Practice shall be applicable.
ARTIKEL 81
BekaJmtgabe der Anmeldunr
1. Die Wledergutmachungsbeh6rde hat den ROckerstat
tungsanspruch den BeteiUgten zur Erkllii'ung binnen zwei
Monaten durch flSrmllebe Zus1ellung bekanntzugeben. Be
teiUgte sind der ROckerstattungspftlchtlge, din~Uch Bereeh
tigte. Mieter und Plichter des entzogenen Verm6gensgegen
'standes, sowie die1enigen sonsti/!en Betroffenen, deren Ein
beziehun/! in das Verfahren der Beredhtlgte beantragt. Wenn
der BeteiUde das Deutsche Reich, ein Land oder eln frO
heres Land. die vormallge Natlonalsozialistische Dputsche
·Arbeiterpartel. elne ihrer Gliederungen odeI' angeschlos~
nen Organisationen 1st, so erfolgt die Zustellunl{ an den
Staatsmlnlster del' Flnanzen. Das Land 1st in den Flillp.n
des Satzes 3 berechtigt, als Partellm Verfabren aufzutreten.
2. 1st der ROckerstattun/!spftichtige oder 'Seine gegenwar
tige Anschrift unbekannt oder 1st auf Grund der Anmeldunll
anzunehmen. daB unbekannte Dritte in Ansehung dl"S ent
zo~enen Gegenstandes Rechtebesitzen, so hat die Wleder
gutmachungsbeh6'!'de die Anmeldunrc des ROckerstattunlts
anS'Pruchs 6ffentUeh zuzustellen und dabei die ROc1cel"'ltat
tuhgsoftfchtlgen und die unbekannten Dritten auf7Ufordem,
Ihre ReChte binnen z-wei Monaten bei der, Wledelfrut
mAchu~beh5rde anzumelden und zu bela'ilndpn.
Die
6ffentliehe Zustellung erfolgt nac'b Ma13gabe des § 204. Ab
satz 2 der ZPO in der Fa'Ssun~ des Kontrol1ratl!eset~es Nt:. 38
In der fUr Ladunlten vOl'geschriebenen 'Form. Die Zu'1'telltlD/!
I!Ilt als an dem Taite erfollrt. an wl"lr.hem selt dl"t" Fln
rlickun/! In' das in Absatz 2 des ~ 204 ZPO bezelchnete Mtt
teilunt.mblntt eln Monat verstricheri ist.
3. Die Reehtshlingigkeft tritt mit der Zustellung del' An
meldung eln.
4. Riehtet slch del' AnS'l')ruch Auf Rnckerstattun~ elnps
Orundstileks oder Itrundstdck-sgl p idlenRechtes. sO hat dif'
Wledenrufmaehungsbeh<:irde die Elntratrung der Anmeldun~
dp!'l ROekerstattun/!nnsoruchs 1m Grundhuch hp.rbeizufllhren
(ROekerstattunl!\C!Verm~"\{),
De'!' ROckerstattungsVermerk
wir'Kt Itegen jeden Driften.
.
5. Die Bestimmun/!en d"l' ZlvllnrozeBordnunl! i.lber die
StreltverJd1ndun~
und Nebenlnterventlon finden ent
sprechende Anwendung.
to a ResUtution Agency which lacks jurlsdicHon. such
-(
-~-
ARTICLE 62
Procedure before 'he Jitestttution Agency
.1. It no obiectloJl has. been raised against a petition
within the time. specified in the notice or in the service by
pubUc:atipn, the Restitution Agency shall Issue an order
granting the petition. Where there is no dispute as to the
limit of encumbrances and as to the continued existence of
interests, it shall also make the appropriate findings on
these matters.
2. It, however; the claim for restitution does not state
a cause ot action, or the truth ot any of the allegations con
tained therein is controverted by entries In public records
or by public documents available to the Restitution Agency,
the latter shall order the claimant, to submit a statement
within an appropriate period of time. The Agency shall
dismiss the petition on the merits if the claimant does not
17
AItTIKEL 62 .
Verfabren vor del" Wledergutmacbungsbehorde
1. Wird innerhalb der Erkllrunl!:ifrlst odeI' if..'!' durch
ifle 6ifentliehe Bekanntmachun~ ertoiltfen Anmeldefrl5t keln
WfderSoruc'h erhoben. so gtbt die Wlederl!lttmachun~sbe
Mroe dureh BeschluB dam Antral! statt. Wp."n Ober die
Jlelastun~ltrenze unif den ForfbeStAnd von Reehten keln
streit hesteht, so trifft sie auch hierilber die erforderllchen
Feststellungen.
2. Ist iedoch der ROckerstattunl!'santrati nlcht 'SehlQ'Islt{
bela'ilndet odeI' stt'hen dpr Rlchtl~elt der zu selner Be":
e:rlindun~ vorl{ebrAchten. BeIh.!mptUl;l!'en ElntT~ge' in IIff..nt
lIchen Reirlstem odpr affp.ntlfchen UrkundeTl. rile dp,.Wfp',fe'!'
/!Ufmachunl!!I"bp.hR'!'rle vorliegen. ent/!~en. so hqt iUe Wle"l"r
~ntmal'!hun~sbehorde den Antrae:!!telJer zur E'!'kHIMlD'! rt~I"
Obp.r bfnnen ~inpr von ihr zu setzenrlen anl!'em"""""en"" Frlst
aufrutoi'dem. Wfrd In"erhalb rier Frist' efne dpn. Rl\eke~
stattungsanspruch reehtfertlgende Aufklll.rung und Et"gan
�submit within this period an explanation justifying his
petition or supplementing the facts alleged therein.'
'J. It an objection is made the Restitution Agency shall
;:"
\
empt to r~ach an amicable settlement unless the futility
, of' ~uch effort is evident. When an amicable settlement has
been reached the Restitution Agency' shall, on application,
'record the settlement in writing, and shall deliver a certified
copy of the settlement to the parties concerned.
zung des Vorbringens seltens des Antragstellers nieht ge
geben, so hat die Wiedergutmac'hungsbehorde den Antrag
als unbegrlindet zurUckzuweisen.
'
3. Wird Widerspruch erhoben, 'So hat die Wiedergut
machungsbehQrde dim Versuch einer giitlichen Einigung zu
machen, sofern nicht die Erfolglosigkeit elnes solchen Ver
sucrus mit Bestimmtheit vorauszusehen ist. Kommt eine gUt
liche Einigung zustande, so hat die Wiedergutmachungs
beMrde die Vereinbarung auf Antrag schriftlich niederzu
legen und den Beteillgten von Amts wegen eine Ausfertl
gung der Niederschrlft zu erteilen.
ARTICLE 63
Reference to the Court
1. It an amicable agreement cannot be reached in whole
or in ,part or if the' measures to be taken are not within
the power of the Restitution Agency, It 'shall refer the case
to the extent necessary to the Restitution Chamber of the
District Court having jurisdiction over the Restitution Agency.
This shall apply in particular also to cases where only the
limit of. encumbrance, or the continued existence of inter
ests or the liability for debts is disputed.
2. Implementing regulations may confer jurisdiction on
certain District Courts or on District Courts other than
those specified in paragraph ~.
'
3. The Restitution Agency may stay the proceedings for
a period not exceeding six months be.fore referring the case
to the Restitution Chamber, if the claimant consents and
an amicable agreement may be expected.,
ARTIKEL 63
Verwelsung an das Gerlcht
1. Kommt elne giitliche Einigung ganz oder teilwelse
nleht zustande oder iloorsteigen die erforderlichen
MaBnahmen die Zustandigkeit der Wledergutmachungsbe
horde, so verwelst diese insoweit die Sache an die Wieder
gutmachungskammer des ror den Sitz' der Wiedergut
machungsbehOrde zustandigen Landgerichts. Dies gUt Ins
besondere auch, wenn lediglicq, iiber die Belastungsgrenze,
den Fortbe!)tand von Rechten oder die Haftung fUr Verbind
,lichkeiten Streit besteht.
,2. Durch Ausfiihrungsverordnungen kann die Zustiindig
kelt 'allgemein auf bestimmte oder andere als die In Absatz 1
bezeichneten Landgerlchte iibertragen werden.
,3. Die WiedergutmachungsbEthorde kann das Verfahren
vor der VerwelsunJi( bis zur Hochstdauer von sechs Monaten
aussetzen, sofern der Berechtigte zustlmmt und elne giitIiche
Einlgung zu erwarten ist.
ARTICLE 64
ARTIKEL 64
Appeal (Einspruch)
Elnspruch
1. Any party to the case, by filing an appeal with the
1. Gegen eine Entscheidung der Wiedergutmachungsbe
Restitution Agency, may appeal to the Restitution Chamber hOrde gemaB Artikel 59, Absatz 1, Satz 2 und gemaB Ar
from a decision of the Restitution Agency rendered pursuant I tl1{el 62, Absatz 1 und 2 kann jeder Betelllgte binnen einem
to Article 59, paragraph 1, second sentence; or Article 62, I Monat und wenn er im Ausland seinen Wohnsitz hat,
,~raphs I, and 2; the period In which to file the appeal
binnen drei Monaten die Entscheidun~ der Wiedergut
"be one month; it shall be three months, If the appel I machungskammer durch EinsPruch zur Wiederl:(utmachunllslant resides in a foreign country. The period to appeal shall
behorde anrufen. Die Frist beglnnt mit der Zustellung der
begin to run with the service of the decision to be appealed anzufechtenden Entscheidung. Artikel 61, Absatz 2 flndet
entsprechende Anwendung.
from. Articl{) 61, paragraph 2, shall be applicable.
2. The appeal may be based only on a violation ot
2. Der Einspruch kann nur auf eine Verletzung der Vor
Article 59, paragraph 1, second sentence, or Article 62, par
schriften des Artikels 59. Absatz 1, Satz 2 oder des Artikels
agraphs 1 or 2.
62, Absatz 1 und 2 gegrilndet werden.'
I
ARTICLE 65
ARTIKEL 65
Execution
Vollstreckbarkelt
Agreements recorded by the Restitution Agency and orders
Aus den von der Wiedergutmachungsbehorde ausgefertlg
of the Restitution Agency which are no longer- subject to ' ten Vereinbarungen und aus den rechtskraftig<;!n Be
appeal may be enforced by execution pursuant to the pro
schlil9Slen der WiedergutmachungsbehOrde flndet dIe
visions of the Code of Civil Procedure. For this purpose, the Zwanl:(svollstreckung nach den Vorschriften der' Zivilpro
Restitution Agency shall have the powers of a -court (Voll
zeBordnung statt. An' Stelle des Vollstreckungs~erichts trltt
streckungsgericht). In effecting execution, the Restitution dieWiedergutmachunl:(l>behOrde. Sie kann sich bel del'
Agency may avail itself of the services of other agencies, DurchfUhrung der Vollstreckunl:( anderer Behorden, Insbe
especially of the courts.
sondere des Vollstreckungsgerichts, bedlenen.
PART X
ZEHNTERABSC~
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
GERICHTLICHES VERFAHREN
ARTIPLE 66
Members or the Restitution Chamber
The Restitution Chamber shall be composed of a Presiding
Judge and two Associate Judges, eligible for the office' of
judge or for the higher Administrative Service. The Pre
siding Judge shall be, a judge normally assigned to a court.
The Associate Judges shall be appointed for a term of three
years, unless they are professional judges. One of the three
judges shall belong to a class of persons persecuted for any
)f thp. reasons set forth In Article 1.
'
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ARTICLE 6'1
Procedure
1. The Restitution Chamber shall adjust the legal rela
ions of the parties in interest according to the provisions
It this Law.,
ARTIKEL 66
Besetzung der, Wledergutmachungskammer
Die Wledergutmachun~skammer besteht aus einem Vor
sltzenden und zweJ Beisitzern, welche die BefAhigung zum
Richteramt oder zum hoheren Verwaltunl:(sdienst haben
massen. Der Vorsitzende muB eln Richter der ordentlichen
Gerichtsbarkeit sein. Die Beisitzer werden, sowelt sie Dicht
selbst Berufsrichter sind, auf die Dauer von drei Jahren
ernannt. Einer der drei Richter soil dem Krelse der aus
den Grilnden des Artikels 1 Verfolgten angehoren.
ARTIKEL 6'1
VerfahreD
1. Die Wiedergutmachungskammer hat die Rechts
beziehungen' der Beteiligten gemliB dlesem Gesetz zu ge
stalten.
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2. Unless this Law provides otherwise, the procedure shall
be governed by the rules of procedure appUcable In matters
ot non-contentious litigation, subject, however, to the follow
ing modifications:
(a) The Chamber shall order an oral hearing; the
hearing shall be public.
(b) The proceedings may be stayed for a period not
to exceed six months, at the request of the claimant.
Repeated stays may be granted after the case has
been reopened.
(c) The Chamber 'shall render partial judgment on
one or more of the claims before it, or on part of
a claim, where the determination of any counter
claim, offset or equitable lien or any other defense
in the nature of an 'offset or a counterclaim would
substantially delay the deCision on restitution.
Cd) Without prejudice to the final deCision, the Chamber
may order the temporary surrender of the con
fiscated property to the claimant either with or
without security. In this case the claimant shall
have, with respect to third persons, the rights and
obligations of a trustee.
2. Soweit keine anderweltigen :Bestimmungen In dleserr
Gesetz getroffen sind, sind fUr das Verfa:hren die Vor
schriften tiber das Vertahren In Sachen der freiWilllger
Gerichtsbarkeit mit den tolgenden Mallgaben entsprechen(
anwendbar:
(a) Die Kammer muO eine mtindliche Verhandlunl
anordnen. Die Verhandlung ist 6ffentllch.
(b) Auf Antrag des Berechtigten kann das Verf~eJ
bis zur H6chstdauer von sech.s Monaten ausgesetz
werden. Die Aussetzung kann nach Fortsetzunl
des Verfahrens wiederholt werden.
,
(c) Die Wiedergutmachungskammer hat ein TeUurtei
hinsichUlch einzelner von mehreren Ansprticher
oder eines Tells eines Anspruchs zu erlassen, wen!
die Entscheidung tiber eine Widerklage, einen Auf,
ein Zurtickbehaltungsrech
rechnungsansprucb.,
oder eiIKm iihnllchen Rechtsbebelf die Entschei
dung tiber die Rtickerstattung erheblich vermgerr
wtirde.
(d) Die Kammer 'kann vorbehaltllch der endgilltiger
Entscbeidung die vorliiufige Herausgabe entzogene:
Vermogensgegenstande gegen oder oboe Sieber,
beitsleistung an den Antragsteller anordnen. De:
,Antragsteller 'hat in diesem FaIle gegentiber Drit
ten die Rechtsstellung eines Treuhltnders.
ARTICLE 68
ARTIKEL 68
Form and Contents of the Decision
1. The decision of the Restitution Chamber sball be pro
nounced in an order supported by an opinion; the order
shall be served on the parties concerned. Immediate exe
cution may be bad on this order, a subsequent appeal
notwithstanding. The proVisions, of Sections 713, para
graph 2, and Sections 713a to 720 of the Code of Civil
Procedure shall be applicable.
2. An appeal (sofortlge Beschwerde) may be taken from
tbis order within one month; the appeal may be filed within
three months if the appellant resides in a foreign country.
The time to appeal shall begin to run from the date of.
service of the order; Article 61, paragraph 2, shall be
applicable. The Civil Division of the Court of Appeals
(Oberlandesgericht) shall hear the appeal. The appeal may
be based only on the ground that the decision violated the
law. The provisions of Sections 551, 561 and 563 of the
Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable.
3. Implementing regulations may confer jurisdiction to
hear such appeals on a certain Court of Appeals.
Form und Inhalt der Entscheidunr
Wiedergutmacbungskammer entscheidet durcJ
einen mit GrUnden versebenen BeschluO, der den BeteiUg
ten zuzustelleJn 1st. Der BeschluO ist vorlaufig vollstreck
bar. §§ 713, Absatz 2, 713a bis 720 ZPO linden ent
sprechende Anwendung.
2. Gegen den BeschluO findet innerbalb einer Frlst VOl
etnem Monat und wenn der Bescbwerdefiihrer seinel
Wohnsitz im' Ausland hat, lnnerhalb einer Frist von drE
Monaten die sofortige Bescbwerde statt. Die Frist beginn
mit der ZllStellung; Artikel 61, Absatz 2 flndet ent
sprechende Anwendung. Ober die Beschwerde entscheide
der, Zivilsenat des Oberlandesgerichts. Die Besebwerd
kann nur darauf gesrutzt werden, daB die Entscheidung au
einer Verletzung des Gesetzes berube. Die Vorschriften de
§§. 551,561, 563 ZPO' flnden entsprechende Anwendung.
3. Durch Ausfiihrungsverordnungen kann die Zustiindig
kelt zur Entscheidung tiber Beschwerden allgemein auf eine
von mehreren Oberlandesgerichten tibertragen werden.
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'ARTICLE 69
ARTIKEL 69
Board of Review
Board of Review
ElnBoard of Review ist ermlichtigt, alle Entscheidungel
nachzuprtifen, die elnen nach MaBgabe dieses Gesetzes er
bobenen Rtickerstattungsanspruch betreffen, sowie die nac
Sachlage etforderlichen MaBnahmen zu ergrelfen. Ausftih
rungsvorschriften der MillUirregierung werden die Ernen
nung und Zusanunensetzung des Board, seine ZusU!ndigkei'
das Verfahren und alle welteren Elnzelbeiten regeln.
A Board of Review shall have the power to review any
decision on any claim for restitution under ,this Law and
to take whatever action is deemed -necessary with respecl
thereto. Regulations to be issued by Military Government
w1l1 provide for the appointment and composition of the
Board, its jurisdiction, procedure, and such other matterE
as, are deemed appropriate.
PART XI
ELFTER ABSCHNITT
SPECiAL PROCEEDINGS
BESONDERE,VERFAHREN
ARTICLE 70
(
ARTIKEL 70
Petition by the PubUc Prosecutor
Where no petition for the restitution, of confiscated prop
erty bas been filed on or befare 31' December, 1948, the
Public Prosecutor at the seat of the Restitution Chamber
may file ,the petition for restitution on behalf of a suc
cessor organization provided for in Article 10., Thls provi
slonshall not apply if the claimant has waived his claim
for restitution 'in accordance With Article 11, paragraph 3.
The petition of the Public Prosecutor must be flIed on or
before 30 June 1949.
Antragsrecht der Staatsanwaltschaft
Wird bezflgUch entzogener Vermogensgegenstande ei
Ruckerstattungsanspruch bis zwn 31. Dezember 1948 nicr
geltend gemaeht, 'SO kann die Staatsanwaltschaft am Sit2
der Wiedergutmachungskammer den Ruckerstattungsat:
spruch zu Gunsten elner in Attikei 10 vorgesehenen Nacr,
folgeorganisation geltend machen. Dies gilt meM, we.~n dE
Berechtigte auf seinen Rtickerstattungsanspruch gemall Al
likel 11, Absatz 3- verzichtet hat. DerAntrag der Staab
anwaltschaft kann nur bls zwn 30. JUDi 1949 gestellt we.rde)
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�ARTIKEL 11
Zusilindigkeitsberelnigung
ARTICLE '71
ConOid of Jurisdiction
(
1. If claims as described in Articles 1 to 48 are asserted
oy a person entitled to restitution ina caurt proceeding
including the stage 'of compulsory execution by way of
complaint, defense or counterclaim, the Court shall notify
the Restitution Agency. The Court may, and on request by
the Restitution Agency must, stay theproceedin'gs or
temporarily suspend execution .by an ord.er from which no
aweal may .be taken. The Restitution Agency may direct
that the claim be dealt with under this Law to the ex
clusion of the jurisdiction of the ordinary civil courts, or
it may ·authorize the claimant to prosecute his claim before
the ordinary civil courts; such authorization shall be bind
ing on the latter co.urts. If an action in the orddnary civil
courts is terminated because the claim is ,being dealt with
under this Law, the court fees shall be remitted and
neither party shall be entitled ,to costs incurred out of
court.
2. The Court shall report to ,the Central ,Filling Agency
any action taken under paragraph 1.
1. Werden Ansprtiche der in den Artikeln 1 bis 48 bezeich
neten Art in einem gerichtlichen Verfahren einschlieUlich
der 'Zwangsvollstreckungvom Berechtigten klage- oder ein
redeweise, geltend gemacht, so hat das Gericht die Wieder
gutmachungsbehtirde zu benachrichtigen. Das Gericht kann
durch unanfechtbaren Beschlull das VerfahrEm 'aussetzen und
die Zwangsvollstreckung einstweilen einstellen; auf Er
suchen der WiedergutmachungsbehOrde sind diese Anord
nungen zu treffen. Die Wieaergutmachungsbehorde kann
die Weiterbehandlung des Anspruchs nach Mallgabe dieses
Gesetzes mit- der Wirkung des Ausschlusses des Rechts
weges anordnen oder mit Bindung filr das Gericht den
Berechtigten die Geltendmachung des Anspruchs 1m ordent
lichen Rechtsweg tiberlassen. Findet ein Rechtsstreit durch
Weiterbehandlung des Anspruchs nach ~a13gabe dieses Ge
setzes seine Erledigung, so werden die Gerichtskosten nie
dergeschlagen, die aufiergerichtlichen Kosten gegeneinander
aufgehoben.·
2. Das Gericht hat dem Zentralanmeldeamt jede getnaB
Absatz 1 geiroffene Ma13nahme mitzuteil~n.
-- ....~~. ZWOLFTER ABSCHNlTT
PART XU
ASSESSMENT OF COSTS
KOSTENBEST~UNGEN
ARTICLE 72
Costs
ARTIKEL 72
1. As a rule no court fees shall ,be assessed in favor of
the State (Gerichtskosten) in proceedings ,before Restitu
tion Authorities. However, implementing regulations may
provide .for the assessment of costs, fees and expenses.
2. No advance payment, or bond or security for costs
, "lay be demanded from a claimant.
Kosten
Das Verfahren vor den Wiedergutmachungsorganen ist
grundsatzlich gerichtskostenfrei. 1m tibrigen werden Aus
ftihrungsverordnungen die Tragung und Festsetzung von
Kosten, Gebiihren und Auslagen regeln.
2. Der Berechtigte ist nicht verpflichtet, Vorschtisse oder
Sicherheit filr Kosten zu leisten.
1.
PART XUI
DREIZEHNTER ABSCHNITT
DUTY TO REPORT AND PENALTmS
ANZEIGEPFLICHT UND STRAFBESTIMMUNGEN
ARTICLE 13
ARTIKEL 13
Duty to Report
Anzeigepfiicbt
1. Anyon~ who has, or has had in rus possession, at
any time .after it was transferred by or taken from a perse
cuted perS<ln, any. property which he knows or should know
under the circumstances
(a) is confiscated pr~erty within the meaning af the
provisions of Article 2; or
(b) is presumed to be confiscated property pursuant
to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Artlde 3; or
(c) has been at any time the subject of a trans
action which may ,breavoided pupuant to the
provisions of paragraph 1 of.Article 4.
shall.report this fact in writing to the Central Filing Agency
on or before 15 ~ay 1948.
The report to be filed hereunder shall show the exaot
circumstances under which the reporting person obtained
possession of the property.; it shall also contain the name
and address of the person from wham the reporting person
acquired the property as well as rthe consideration' paid,
and in case the pr~erty no longer .is in his possession, the
name of the person to whom the property was trans
ferred.
2. 'I'he' following property need not be reported:
(a) Tangible personal property which had been ac
quired in the course of, an orc:ldnary and usual
business transaction in an establishment normally
deal!ing in th'at type of property, provided, however,
that !property acquired at an auction, or at a
private sale in an establishment engaged to a
considerable extent in ,the business of auctioning
or otherwise dispoSing of. confiscated property,
must be reported;
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1. Wer Vermogensgegenstande" von denen er weiB oder
den Umstanden nach annehmen mull,
(a) daB sie im Sinne des Artikels 2 dieses Gesetzes
entzogen sind; oder
(b) daB eine solche Entziehung nach den Vorschriften
des Artikels 3, Absatz 1 vermutet wird; oder
(c) daB sie zu irgendeiner Zeit Gegenstand eines
Rechtsgeschafts waren, das nach den Bestimm.un
gen des Artikels 4, Absatz 1 angefocllten werden
kann ,
.
1m Besitz hat oder zu irgendeinem Zeibpunkt, nachdem der
Verfolgte Ubersie verftigt hat oder sie ihm entzogen wor
den sind, im Besitz hatte, mull dies schriftlich dem Zentral
anmeldeamt bis zum 15. Mai 1948 anzeigen.· Die Anzeige
mull genaue Angaben dartiber enthalten, wie der Anzeige
erstatter in den Besitz des Vermogensgegenstandes gelangt
ist, sie mull Namen und Wohnort desjenigen angeben, von
dem der Anzeigeerstatter den Vermogensgegenstand erhalten
hat, das entrichteteEntgelt und, falls der Vermogensgegen
stand nicht mehr im Besitz des Anzeigeerstatters ist, den
Namen desjenigen, an den der Vermogensgegenstand iiber
tragen worden ist.
2. Die Anzeigepfiicht entfallt:
(a) Bei beweglichen Sachen, die im Wege des ord
n.ungsmaBlgen tiblichen Geschaftsverkehrs aus
einem einschlagigen Unternehmen erworben' wor
den sind; anzeigepflichtig sind jedoch Sachen, die
1m Wege der Ver,steigerung erworben worden sind,
oder in Unternehmen, die sich mit der Verstei.ge
rung oder sonstigen Verwertung entzogener Ver
mogensgegenstande in erheblichem MaBe belaBten;
�(b) bel bewegllcl:.
(b) Tangible personal property, .the value of which
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did not exceed RM 1,000 at the time of· the con
fiscation;
(c) Donations made to close relatives (as defined in
Section 52, parag'ra;ph 2 of the .Crlmlnal Code) and
donations which without doubt were made for
moral consideration;
(d) Property which has already been restituted and
property as to which ·the claimant has relinquished
his right of restitution expressly and inwrlting
at any time between 8 May 1945 and the effective
date of this Law.
.
3. No report filed pursuant to paragraph 1 by any ;person
shall be considered, in proceedings before a Restitution
Authority, as an admission of the reporting party that the
proper.ty so reported is subject to restitution or as a waiver
01. any defense he might have had iIf the report had not
<been filed. It shall .be admissible, however, as an admission
of the facts stated therein.
4. The Central Fdling Agency upon receiving a report
under this Article shall forward a copy of the report to
the appropriate Restitution Agency or Agenci~ in each
district. ,in which property affected ;by the report is 6ituated.1
:All reports filed pursuant to the provisions 01. this Article
'Shall be open to dnspection.
.
der Entziehun
Uberstiegen ha
(c) bel Schenkun&
(§ 52, Absatz 2 .
standsschenkung
(d) bei bereits zu.
standen und bel
auf deren RUckel
Zeit vom 8. Mal 1.
Gesetzes a u s d r U c k h . _ . nat.
3. Eine gemi.B Absatz 1 e.
__.ge dart 1m Ve
fahren vor den Wiedergutm.
_..oOrganen Dicht alB G·
standnis des Anzeigenden gewertet werden, da.6 die 81
gemeldeten Vermogensgegenstande der RUckerstattung Ul
terliegen; ebensowenig dart· elne solche Anzeige alB Ve,
zicht auf einen Einwand ausgelegt werden, den der Al
zeigende hatte geltend machen konnen, wenn er die AnzeiE
Dieht erstattet hatte. Die Anzeige kann jedoeh a1s e1n Gt
stiindnis in bezug auf die darin mitgeteilten Tatsachen gt
wertet werden.
4. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat nach Erhalt e1ner al
Grund der Bestlmmungen dieses Artlkeis erstatteten An
zeige eine Abschrift der. Anzeige an die. zustandige Wieder
gutmachungsbehorde oder die zustandigen Wiedergut
machungsbehOrden in dem Bezirk weiterzuleiten. in der.
sich irgendwelche in der Anzeige in Bezug genommene Ver
mogensgegenstande bef1nden. Die Einslcht in aile gema:
den Vorschriften dieses Artikels erstatteten Anzeigen is
gestattet.
.
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ARTICLE '74
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AKTIKEL 14
Obligation to Inspect the Land Title ileglster and other
Publlc Registers
1. Anyone ·holding real proper·ty or an interest in the
nature of real property, shall ascertain by inspection of the
Land Title Register whether or nat the property in question
must :be reported. The same shall apply with respect .to
other property <interests which are recorded in any other
publlc register.
.2. Whenever a public authority or other public agency
learns of the whereabouts of property which must be re
ported, It shall report such fact without delay .to the Central
Filing Agency. Article 73,paragraph 4, shall be applicable.
Ptllcht zur Elnsfcht des Gnmdbuchs und anderer
iiffentUcher Register
1. Wer -ein Grundstiick oder ein grundstUckglf~iches Rech
besitzt, ist verpfllchtet, slch durch Elnsicht des Grundbuch,
zu vergewissern, daD. es sich Dicht urn einen anzeigepflich
tigen Vermogensgegenstand handelt. Das gleiche gilt von
Verm5gensgegenstanden, die in anderen offentiichen Re
gistern eingetragen sind.
2. Erlangt eine Beh5rde oder offentliche Dienststelle
Kenntnis von dem Verbleib eines 'anzeigepflichUgen Ver
mogensgegenstandes, so hat sie unverziiglich dam Zentral
anmeldeamt Mitteilung zu machen. Artlkel 73, Absatz 4 gilt
entsprechend.
ARTIKEL '75
Stralbestimmungen
1. Mit Gefangnis bis· zu fUn! Jahren und mit Geldstraff'
1. Any person wha
oder mit e1ner dieser Strafen wird, soweit Dieht auf Grund
(a) intentionally or negligently falls to comply wtth· anderer Bestltnmungen eine hOhere Strafe verw1rkt lst, behis· duty to report as set forth in Article 73 and strait,
.; , ,
74; or,
. (a) wer seiner Anzeigepflicht auf Grund der Artike!
(b) knowingly makes any !false or mdsleading stal1a
73 und 74 vorsatzllch oder falttUi.sslg Dicht naeh
ments to the Restitution Authorities,
kommt,
.
shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding. five
(b) wer gegenflber den Wiedergutmachungsorganen
years, or a fine, or both, unless heavier penalties under
. wissentlich falsche oder irrefilhrende Angaben
any other law are applicable.
maeht.
2. No penalty shall be imposed in the case of sub
2. Der Tater bleibt im Faile des Absatzes 1 (a) straflos,
paragraph (a), where the report required by ·thds Law has . wenn er vor Entdeckung die nach diesem Gesetz vor
baen made voluntarily and prior to discovery.
geschriebene Anzelge freiwilll:g nachholt.
ARTICLE '75
Penalties
ARTICLE '76
Penalties (continued)
1. Whoever allenates, damages, destroys, or conceals any
property coming under the ,provisions of this Law in order
to thwart the rights of a claimant, shall be punished with
dnljprisonment not exceed1ng five years, or a fine, or both,
unless heavier penalties under any other law are applicable.
2. Confl.1timent ·in a penitentiary up to five years may
be dmposed in especially serious cases.
3. The attempt shall be punishable.
ARTIXEL 16
Strafbestlmmuugen, (FortsetzuDlr)
1. Mit Gefangnis bis zu fUnf .Jahren und mit Geldstrafe
oder mit einer dieser Strafen wird, soweit nicht auf Grund
anderer Bestimmungen eine hohere strafe verwirkt ·1st, be
straft wer Vermogensgegenstiinde, die unter die Bestim
mung~n dieses Gesetzes fallen, verauJlert, beschadigt, ver
nichtet oder beiseite schafft, urn sie dem Zugriff des Be
rechtigten zu entziehen. .
.
2. In besonders schweren Fallen trltt Zuchthausstrafe bis
zu fOnf Jahren em.
3. Der Versuch ist strafbar.
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�AKTIKBL 77
ARTICLE 77'
Penalties (eontlnned)
(
In t'he cases within the scope of ArticJ.es, 75 and 76,
nobody may plead ignorance of facts which he eould have
ascertained by ·the inspection of publlc books and registers,
. if and to the extent to which' Article 74 imposed on him
the obligation of such inspection.
StrarbestimmllDlen; (l!ortaetiuDa)'
Niemand k9nn slch in den FiUlen der ArtIke1 75, 76 auf
die Unkenntnis von solchen Tatsachen perufen, die er auf
. Grund einer E1ns1cht in MfentUche Bilcher oder Register
erfabren hl1~e. wenn und sowelt er nach Artlke1 74 zu einer
solchen Einsicht verpfllchtet war.
PART XIV
VIEKZEB.N'J.'EB ABSCIINITT
R~EST~LIS~
OF RIGHTS OF SUCCESSION AND ADOPTION
WIEDERHERSTELLUNG VON ERBRECHTEN
UND KINDESANN.AIIMEVER1IXLTNlSSEN
ARTICLE 78
ARTIKEL 7S
Exclusion from Inheritance
1. An ~clusion from the right of succession 01': the for
feiture of an estate which occurred during the period from
30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 by virtue of a law or an
ordinance for any of the reasons set forth in Article 1 shall
be deemed not to have occurred.
. .
2. The succession shall be deemed to have occurred at
the e1fective date of this Law for the purpose of determin
ing the periOds of ~tation.
. .
Erbverd.rilignng
1. Ein in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Ma11945 aus.
den GrUnden des Artikels 1 durch Gesetz oder Verordnwig
erfolgter AusschluD von Erwerb von Todes wegen oder Ver
fall des Nachl'8SSes .gilt a1s. nicht eingetreten.
.
2. FUr die Fristenberechnung gilt der Erbfall mit dem
Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes als eingetreten.
ARTiCLE.79
ARTIKEL 79
A¢echtbarkeU von Verffiguogen von Toties wegen·
und Erbschaftsausschlarungen
'
Avoid-anoo of Testamentary Dispositions and of Disclaimers
of Inheritance .
1. Testamentary dispositions and contracts of inheritance
made'in the period fiom 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 in
which any descendant, parent, grandparent, brother, sister,
half-brother, half-sister, or their descendents, as well as
a spouse, was· excluded from inheritance for the purpose of
avoiding ·a seizure of the estate by the State, expected by
;' 'testator for any of the reasons set forth in Article I,
!
11 be voidable. The power of avoidance shall be gov
_...led by Sections 2080' et seq. or 2281 et seq. of. the Civil
Code, unless paragraph 3 lofra provides otherwise.
2. Disclaimers of inheritance by persons described in
paragraph 1 shall be voidable, provided th.at such dis
claiIners were made within the period from 30 January 1933
to 8 May 1945 in order to prevent an expected seizure of
the property by the State for any of the reasons set forth
in Article 1. The right of avoidance shall be. governed by
Sections 1954 et seq. of the Civil Code, unless paragraph 3
of this Article provides otherwise.
3. Testamentary dispoSitions, contracts of inheritance or
disclalm~rs of inheritance must be voided on or, before
31 December 1948. The exercise of the. power of· avoidance
within this period shall be deemed timely.
1. Letztwilllge VerfOgungen und Erbvertrige ails der
Zeit yom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945, in welchen Ab
kommllnge, Eltern, GroBe1tern, voll- und halbblOtige Ge
schwister und de,ren Abkommllnge, sowle Ehegatten von
der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen wurden, um ihren ErbteU einem
vom Erblasser aus den GrUnden des Artikels 1 erwarteten
Zugriffs des Staates zu entzieben, sind anfechtbar. Vor
behaltlich der Bestimmungen des AbsatZ 3· finden auf die
Anfechtung die Vorschrlften der §§ 2080 ff. bzw. 2281 ft.
BGB. Awendung. .
.
2. Erbschaftsausschlagungen durch die im Absa'b: 1. ge
nannten Personen sind anfechtbar, wenn sie in der Zeit
vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945 erfolgten,um dadurch
einen aus den GrUnden des Artikels.1 erwaneten Zugriff
des Staates auf den ErbteU zu verhindern. Vorbehaltlich
der Bestimmurigen in Absatz 3 finden auf die Anfechtung
die Vorschriften der §§ 1954 ff. BGB Anwendung.
3. Die Anfechtung von letztwiJ.llgen Verfilguogen und
Erbvertrigen sowie von Erbschaftsausschlagungen muD bIs
31. Dezember 1948 erfolgen. Eine innerhalb dieser Frlst er
folgte Anfech~ gilt alst rechtzeitlg.
ARTICLE 80
A1tTlKEL 80
Testamentary Disposition of a Persecuted Person
Verfolgten-Testament
1. ,A testamentary dispOSition made· between 30 January
1. Der Giiltigkeit einer in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933
1933 and 8 May 1945 shall be valid in spite of complete
bis 8. Mal 1945 erkUirten letztwllllgen Verf(igung steht das
non-compliance with form requirements if the testator
made such disposition in view of an actual or imaginary
Fehlen jeglicher Form nlcht entgegen, wenn der Erblasser
immediate danger to his life based on measures of persecu
zu der Verftigung durch eine aus den GrUnden des Ar
tion for any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, and where
tikels 1 eI!Wachsene unmittelbare Todesgefahr, in der er
the circumstances were -such thad; he could not or could
sich befmd oder zu befinden glaubte, vera.nlaJ3t wurde und
n.ot be expected to, comply with the statutory form
. ihIIi die FesUeguog in gesetzlicher Form nach denUm
requirements.
Bttinden unmogUch oder nlcht zuzumuten war.
2. Any testamentary disposition coming within the scope
of paragraph 1 shall be deemed not to have been made if , 2. Eine nach Absatz 1 zu beurtellende letztwllllge Ver
the testator was still capable of making a testamentary filguog gilt a1s nlcht getroffen, wenn der Erblasser nach
disposition. complying with the statutory form· requirements dem 30. September 1945 zu einer formgerechten letztwilllgen
after 30 September 1945.
. Verfi1gung noch in der Lage war•
. .
'
l~...
. ARTICLE 81
Be-Establisl1n1ent of AdoptioDIJ
.
.
.
1. It an adoption relationship was cancelled within the
period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 for any of the
reasqns set forth i,n Article. I, such relationship may be rein
stated nuno pll'O tuno by a contract between .the foster
parent or his heirs and the child or bis heirs. Sections 1741
t ..¥'
ARTlKEL 81
WlederhersteUuo, von KbidesaUOahmeverhlUnlssen
1. Ein in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933. bIs 8. Mal.1945
aus den GrIlnden des Artikels 1 aufgehobenes K!ndeS
annahmeverh11linls kann durch Vertrag des Annehmenden
oder seiner Erben mit dem Kinde oder seinen Erben rIlck
wirkend zum. Zeitpunkt. der Aufhebung wiederhergestellt
�.----=
to 1772 of the Civil Code, with the exception of Sections
1744, 1745, 1747, 1752 and 1753, shall apply to the contract
ot reinstatement. A contract of reinstatement may be judl
dally conflnned even after the death of -the parties to It.
It. one of the parties concerned is not available, a guardian
(Pfleger) may be appointed t.o re!)resent his interests in the
proceedings to reinstate the adoption.
2. Where an adoption was cancelled by deCision of a court
during the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 for
any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, and if no facts
have appeared which thereafter would have caused con
tracting parties to revo\<e the adoption on thcir own initia
tive, either party to the contract or his heirs may demand
that the decision be vacated.
US
19
rm.
.Jurisdiction
Any claims arising under Articles 78 to 81 shall be decided
by' the ordinary civil courts. No filing with the Central
Filing Agency is required.
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werden. Auf den Wiederherstellungsvertrag ftnden di
Vorschrlften der §§ 1741 bls 1772 BGB mit Ausnahme de
Bestimmungen der §§ 1744. 1745, 1747. 1752 und 1753 An
wendung. Die Bestlitbrung des Wlederherstellun!!'SVertrag
kann auch nach dem Tode der am Wlederherstellungsver
trag betelligten Personen erfolgen. 1st eln Beteili~tern.ich
errelchbar. so kann fUr Ihn zum Zwecke der Vertretun'
bei der Wiederherstellun~ des Klndesannahmeverh!Utnlsse'
ein Pfleger bestellt werden.
.
2. Ist das Kindesannahmeverhliltnis in der Zeit von
30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945 durch gerichtllche Entschei
dun~ aus den' Grunden des Artlkels 1 aufe(ehl)ben worliel
und sind keine Umstiinde ersI chtlich. die die Vertragschlif!'
Benden seitdem zur Aufhebung des Kindesannahmeverhlilt·
nl~es veranlaBt hatten. so konnen sawohl der Annehmend(
oder einer Reiner Erben. wie das Kind ooer einer selnel
Erben die Aufhebune( d!eser Entscheldung beantragen.
3. ZusUindig zur Ent!U'h'?idune: gemall Absatz 2 ist da1
Amts\!erlcht. welches dac; Klndec;annahmeverhliltnjc; puf·
~ehnben hat. Absatz 1, S'lt7. 4 e:ilt enrt'mrech""nti. Das Ge
ri('ht entl"cheldet n",ch c;eil'l'!m ou,.('h Billiekei<t be!\'fimmter.
rrelen F:rmessen. Durch ole Aufhf!hunlZ Ii"",. f!erichtli('hor
Entscheidung tritt das Kimtec;annllhmevp.rhiiltnls rilcl'''..,ir
keno wieder In Kraft. Das Gericht kann 'in spiner Entschei.
dun'! oie RUckwirkung in einzelnen Be:dehuntten au~
!>chllel3en.
4. Dns Vedahren ist gebiihren- und amlatrenfrei.
5. Die. Wiederherstpllunl! V0!1 Kindpc;an'nahmevel'hii1t
nissen kann nur bis splitestens 31. Dezember 19411 be~ntra~j
werden.
ARTICLE 82
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3. The local court (Amtsgericht) which cancelled the
adoption shall have jurisdIction in the cases set forth in
paragraph 2. The prinCiples of paragraph 1, fourth sentence.
above, shall be applicable. The decision of the court shall
be discretionary and shall take into account the eauities of
tho parties. When the cancellation of the ad~ption is
vacated, the adoption shall be reinstated nunc pro tunc. The
court may exclude the retroactive effect of its decision from
certain parts thereof.
4. No costs or fees shall be charged in these proceedings.
5. The application for re-establishment of an adoption
must be made on or before 31 Dec~mbcr 1948.
PART
.:, ...,......'"-.-, ... -..!'!:"!...~
ARTIKEL 82
!7.;uCJtindigkeit
Ober Ansnruche auf Grund der Artikel 78 bie; 81 ent~('r.e;
den die ordentllchf!" nerl('.hfo, F:l"e Anmeldung bel delT,
Zentralanmeldeamf ftndet nicht statt.
xv
F'UNFZEHNTER ABSCHNITl'
REINSTATKMENT OF TRADE NAMES
AND OF NAMES OF ASSOCIATIONS
. WIEDERHERSTELLUNG VON FIRMEN
UNDNAMEN
ARTICLE 83
ARTIKEL 83
Rc-Registration of Cancelled Trade Na.mes
Wiedereintragung elner geJOschten Firma
1. l.,t in der Zeit vom 30. .Tanu"'r 1933 bi" 8. Mai 194;'
eine Firma im H"'ndel~t'elZister \!eloscht uroroe'1. I"ar.hd~m
der Betrieb des Handelsgeschaftes au~ (1'M.inrten des Ar
tikeh~ 1 einr!e~rtel1t war. so i~. wen'; der B"1t,.teb eines
Handel~!!'eschaf+es von clem oder den letzten Ynhahern oder
ihrpn Erben wieder auflIenommpn wird, auf Antrag die
gelo~('hte Finna wieder einzutragen.
2. Wurdedas eingestellt.e IJanrielsges('haft. zur Zeit del'
F:instel1ung von elnem E;n?elkauJ'mann betrieben. SI) ste~t
da!! Re('ht auf Wip.derf'intrae:l1n~ der geli)sr.hten Firma .i(em
letzten Tnhaber oder seinE-in E-:-ben zu. Sind mehrere Erhen
vorhanden uno nehmene;;p nkht aUe nen Betrieh w;"'der
auf. "0 kann die Wiedereintragl.tne( del' IZelOsehten FirmA
verlanrl wproen. wenn die oen Betrieb nieM wieder auf
nehmenden Erben der Annahme der geloschtenFirma .zu
st!mmen.
3. Wurde das einlZe<:tente HandelsgeschlHt zur Zeit r'p
Ein::;tellune: vl'n mehreren nersonlich ha:Hen~P.11 Gf'so}1
schaftem betl'ieben. so besteht das Recht auf Wlederp!n t ';,,
InIng der IZelosehten Finn;!. wenn die perso~lich' haftend"n
Gesellschaftp.r entweder aIle. oder einer oder mehre-:-e von
Ihnen mit F:inverstiindnis der Obrit'en. den 'Betrieh ein"""
Handelsftes('haftes auf"ehmen. Im FaIle des Erbgan~s gilt
Absatz 2 entsprechend.
1. Where a trade name was cancelled in the Commercial
Register within the period from 30 January 1933 to 8 May
1945 after the business· establishment had been closed for
any of the reasons set forth in Article 1, the cancelled trade
nClIne shall be re-registered on application if the business
is reopened by its last owner, or owners, or their heirs.
2. If the closed business establishment was condueted at
the timeo! its discontinuation by a single owner, the last
owner or his heirs shall be entitled to demand the
re-registratlon of the cancelled trade name. If there are
several heirs, and if not all of them participate in the
resumption of the enterprise, the re-registration of the can
celled trade name may be demanded, provided the heirs who
do not participate in the business assent to the resumption
of the trade name.
3. If at the time of its closing the business establishment
was conducted by several personally liable partners. re
registration of the cancelled trade name may be demanded
if all the personally liable partners establish a business
enterprise or if one Or several of' them do so with the
consent of the remaining ones; with respect to heirs. of
partners the principle of paragraph 2 shall be applicable.
ARTICLE 84
ARTIKEL 84
i
Change of Trade Name
I
Xndernng der Firma
I
Where' a trade name has been changed in the period
Ist eine Firma in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal
from 30 January 1933 to 8 May 1945 for any of Hie reasons
1945 aus den Grunden des Artikels 1 geiindert worden. so
set forth in Article 1. the former. trade name may be
kann die frtihere Finnenbezelchnung wiederhergestelit wer~
restored upon the application of the person who owned the
enterprise at the time the 'change was made or of his heirS,
den, wenn derjenlge, der zur Zeit der Anderung Flnnen
23
�provided they now own the enterprise. The principles o(
Articles 83, paragraph 2, second sentence, and paragraph 3,
shall be applicable.
inhaber war, oder seine Erben, es als jetzige Inhaber der
Firma beantragen. Artikel 83, Absatz 2, Satz 2 una Ab
sa1z 3 gelten sinngemaB.
ARTICLE 85
ARTIKEL 85
Names cif Corporations
The principles .of Articles 83 and 84 shall be applicable to
the trade names of corporations.
FirmeD juristischer Personen
Die Vorschriften der Artikel 83 und 84 finden auf Firmen
juristischer Personen entsprechende Anwendung..
ARTICLE 86
ARTIKEL 86
Reinstatement of Trade Names in Other Cases
Whenever the use of the former trade name is essential
for the purpose of full restitution, the Restitution Chamber
may permit the reinstatement of a cancelled or changed
trade name in cases other than those provided for in Ar
ticles 83 to 85.
Die Wiedergutmachungskammer kann die WiederherSltel
lung einer geloschten oder einer geanderten Firma auch in
anderen als den Fallen der Artikel 83 bis 85 gestatten, sofern
die Filhrung der alten Firmenbezeichnung zum Zwecke der
Wiedergutmacr:ung erforderlich 1st.
ARTICLE 87
ARTIKEL 87
Names of Associations and Endowments (Stiftungen)
Vereins- und Stiftungsnamen
Die Bestimmung des Artikels 86 gilt entsprechend fUr
die Wiederannahme des frilheren Namens eines Vereins oder
einer Stiftung.
Wiederherstel!ung von Firmennamen in sonstigen Fallen
Article 86 shall be applicable to' the resumption of the
name by an association. or an endowment.
ARTIKEL 88
Verfahren
Anlrage auf Eintraguhg von frilheren Firmenbezeichnun
gen im Handelsregister konnen nur binnen der in diesem
Gesetz filr RUckerstattungsansprilche vorgesehenen An
meldefrist gestellt werden. O'ber diese AIlItrage entscheidet
unbeschadet Artikel 86 das Amtsgericht als Registergericht.
1m ilbrigen sind fUr das Verfahren die Vorschriften tiber
das Verfahren in Sachen der freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit
anwendbar. Das Verfahren ist gebUhren- und kostenfrei.
ARTICLE 88
Procedure
Applications for the registration in the Commercial
Register of former trade names must be filed within the
period provided for in this Law for the filing of claims for
restitution. The Amtsgericht in its capacity as Court of
Registry Hhall have jurisdiction over these apolications
except in the cases provided for in Article 86. Otherwise
the procedure shall be governed by the rules of procedure
applicable in matters of non-contentious litigation. No costs
. fees shall be charged in these proceedings.
SECHZEHNTER ABSCHNITT
PART XVI
SCHLUSSBESTIMMUNGEN
FINAL PROVISIONS
ARTIKEL 89
ARTICLE 89
Vorbehaltene Anspriiche
Claims Reserved to Special Legislation
Besondere gesetzliche R.egelung bleibt vorbehalten fUr die
The reinstatement of la!)sed interests arising out of
Wiederherstellung erloschener Rechte aus Versicherungs
insurance contracts and of lapsed copyrights and industrial
vf:'rhaltnis.sen und erloschener Urheberrechte und gewerb
rights (patents etc.) may be regulated by special legislation.
licher Schutzrechte.
ARTICLE 90
ARTIKEL 90
Statute of LimJtations
To the extent to which the statute of limitations or prescriptive rights of the Civil Code might defeat any claim
falling under this Law, the statute of limitations or a pre
scriptive period shall not be deemed to have expired until
six months' after such cause of action arises by reason of
operation of this Law, but in no event pri.or to 30 June 1949.
Fristenlauf
Soweit AnspIiichen, die unter dieses Gesetz fallen, Ver
jahrung; Ersitzung oder Ablauf von AusschluBfristen nach
df:'n Vorschriften des btirgerIichen Rechts entgegenstehen
wilrden, gilt die Verjahrungs-, Ersitzungs- oder AusschluB
frist als nicht vor dem Ende von sechs Monaten ebgelaufen,
gerechnet von dem Zei<t>punkt, in welchem ein Klage
anspruch auf Grund dieses Gesetzes zur Entstehung gelangt
ist, kei~esfalls jedoch vor dem 30. Juni 1949.
i
ARTICLE 91
ARTIKEL 91
Taxes and Other Levies'
1. Taxes and other public lev·ies shall not be imposed in
connectiofl with restitution,
2. No. taxes, including inheritance taxes, or other public
assessments, fees or costs shall be refunded or subsequently
levied in connection with the return of confiscated property,
Steuern und Abgaben
1. Steuern und sonstige offentliche Abgaben werden aus
AniaB der Rilckerstattung nicht erhoben.
2. Eine Erstattung oder nachtragliche. Erhebung von
Steuern, sonstigen offentlichen Abgaben, Gebilhren und
Kosten aus AniaB des Rtickfalls entzogener Vermogens
gegenstiinde einschlieBlich der Erbschaftssteuer finde,t nicht
statt.
.
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.
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ARTICLE 92
ARTIKEL 92
Implementing and Carrying-out' Provisions
Ausfnhrungs- und Durchfilhrungsvorschriften
1. The Restitution Agencies will be designated by imple- i • 1. Die WledergutmachungsbehOrden werden durch Aus
menting regulations.
...
, filhrungsverordnung bestinimt.
24
�der
2. Unless otherwise -provided in this Law, or ordered by
Military Government, the Minister President of each State
or any Ministers designated by him, sha~l issue the legal and
administrative regulations necessary for the implementation
of this Law.
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filr
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In-
ARTIKEL 94
MaBgeblichel' Text
Der deutsche Text dleses Gesetzes 1st der amtliche Tex
die Bestimmungen. des Absatzes 5 des Artikels II des G·
setzes Nr. 4 der Militlirregierung (in seiner geanderlen Fa
sung) finden keine Anwendung.
'
OffJcial Text
The German text of this Law shall, be the official text
and the provisions of Paragraph 5 of Article II of Military
Government Law No.4, as amended,. shall not apply.
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ARTICLE 95
:
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,ARTIKEL 93
Zustindigkeit der deutschen Gerichte
1. Die deutschen Geriehte werden hierm!t ermachtig
die Gerichtsbarkeit in Zlvilsachen, die diesem Gesetz untel
liegen, gegen Staateniose, die ais verschIeppte PersonE
elner der Vereinten N8Jtionen gelten, oder gegen Staat:
angehorige der Verelnten Nationen auszuiiben, soferndie
nieht unter eine der in Nr. (3), (4) oder (5) der ZIfter 10 (1
In Art!keJ VI des Gesetzes Nr. 2 der MiUUirreg!erung (i
selner jeweils geltenden Fassung) genannten Personer
gruppen tallen.
2. Die deut5chen Gerichte werden hiermit ermachtig
die Gerichtsbarkelt in Fallen von Zuwiderhandlungen geg€
die Bestimmungen der Artikel 73 bis 77 dieses Gesetzes au:
zuiiben, vorausgesetzt, daB der Tater
der Gerichtsba:
kelt der deut5chen Gerichte nicM gemaB Ziffer 10 (a) i
Artikel VI des Gesetzes Nt. 2 der Militarregierung (in sein!
jeweils geltenden Fassung) ausgenommen 1st.
ARTICLE 94
n
2. Soweit niehts anderes In' diesem Gesetz bestimmt 1:
oder von der Militlirregierung angeordnet wird, werden d:
·zur Durchfilhrungdes Gesetzes erforderllchen Rechts- un
Verwaltungsvorschriften "om, Ministerprasidf'nten ein:
Landes oder den von ihm bestimmten Staatsministern el
lassen.
ARTICLE 93
Jurisdiction of German Courts
1. German Courts .are hereby authorized to exercise
jurisdiction in civil cases arising under this Law against any
stateless person having the assimilated status of United
Nations dIs:placed persons or against any national of' the
United Nations not falling within categories (3), (4), (5) of
Section 10 (b) in Arlicle VI- of Military Government Law
No.2, as amended or' as hereafter amended.
2. German Courts are herebY authorized Ito exercise
jurisdiction in cases involving offenses against any of the
provisions of Articles 73 t() 77 of this Law by persons nOlt
exempted from the jurisdiction of the German Courts under
Section 10 (a) in Arlicle VI of Military- Government Law
Nr. 2 as amended or as hereafter amended.
\.b-:
-J
Effective Date
This Law shall become effective in Bavaria, Bremen',
Hesse and Wuerttemberg-Baden on 10. November 1947.
von
ARTIKEL 95
Inkr8.fttl'eten
Dieses Gesetz tritt in den Landern Bayern, Bremen, He
sen und Wiirttemberg-Baden am 10. November 1947
Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
:lie
Bestatigt: 10. November 1947
Approved: 10 November 1947
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25
�MILlTXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERDUUaSCHES KONTROLLGEBmT
REGULATION NO. 1
'UNDER MILITARY GOVERNMENT
LAW NO. 59
(
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
AUSFUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
NR. 1 tUM GESETZ 'NR. 59
DER MILITARREGIERUNG
Establishment of Central Filing Agency and Manner
of Filing Claims for Restitution
Errichtung ein~ Zentralanmeldeamtes und Form der
Anmeldung von Riickerstattungsanspriichen
GemiiB Artlkel 55 'Und 56 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 del' MiliUir
Pursuant to Artide 55 and 56 of Military Government
regierung uber die Ruck:erstattung feststeUbarer Vermogens
Law No. 59, "Restitution of Identifiable Property", at is
gegenstiinde wird falgendes verordnet:
'
hereby ordered as follows:
I. Erricbtung elnes ZentralanmeJdeamtes
I. Establishment of Central FlUng Agency
1. GemiiB Artikel 55 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MiliUir
1. There is hereby established the Central Filin~ Agency
regierung wird hiermit ein Zentra·lanmeldeamt· errlchtet,
(Zentralanmeldeamt) provided :for in Article 55 of Military
dessen Anschrift lautet:
Government Law No. 59, the mailing address of whdoh is:
ZentraJanmeldeamt
Zentralanmeldeamt (Central Filing Agency)
Bad Nauhelm, Deutsohland.
Bad Nanheim, Gennany
2. Diesem Amt werden hiermit alle Rechte und Be!ug
2. This Agency dsheJ:'l~by vested with all ,powers and
nisse Ubertragen, die dem Zentralanmeldeamt nach MaB
responsihiljlies which the Central Filing Agency has under
gabe der Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 59 del' M:.ilitiir
the provisions of iMilltary Government Law No. 59.
, regierung zustehen.
n. Form der Anmeldung von RiicJterstattungsanspriichen
II. Manner of Filing Claims for Restitution
1. Zur Erleichterung der beschleunigten Bearbeitung von
1. In order to /facilitate the speedy handling of claims,
RUckerstattungsansprUchen so1:1 die Anrrie1dJung 'von An
the petition containing the olaim :for restitution should
sprUchen auf Ruckerstattung erti!ij)rechend der dm Anhang
follow the outline set out in the Appendix hereto. All
gegebenen Anleltung vorgenommen werden.' Mle verIan/gten
Angaben sollen, soweit bekannt, genau und ~n gedriingter
"ormatlion ·therein requested should 'be given, to the extent
Form gemacht vrerden.
'
Nhich it is 'known, dn exact and concise /form.
2. Falls derBerechtIgte aUsfUhrlichere Angaben machen
2. Where the claimant desires to give more extensive
(
will, sind sie als Anlage der Aruneldung beizufilgen, lUnd
explanations, they should be added -as numbered annexes
zwar zusammenmit 'SachdienUchen Urkunden und eldes
stattlichen Verslcherungen. 'Die Anlagen sind zu nume
to ·the petition, together with are>ropriate documents <and
tieren.
~~k
.
3. Es ast nicht notwendig, gedruckte Formulare zu ver
3. No !printed forms need be 'U900. The petition shaJ.l
wenden. Die erforderlichen Anga:ben solIen dn der An
contadn the required information in the order in which it is
meldimg in der aus dem Anhang ersichtlichen Reihenfolge
set forth In the Appendix hereto and each item thereof
gemaoht werden; die Antwort auf jede Frage soIl am linken .
shaU 'be given a number appearing on the left margin of the
Rand des zur Anmeldung verwendeten Bogens mit der
jen1gen Ziffer bezeichnet werden, welche der im Anhang
pa.per, corresponding to the number set forth dn the Ap
zur Bezeichnung del' F·rage verwendeten ZitTel' entsprdcht.
pendix. The sheets of paper on which the claim is typed
Die zur Anmeldung verwendeten Bogen sallen aus Grunden
should, for uniformity, be 81/2 inches w:de' and between 11
del' Einheitlichkeit nicht groBer sein als 21!f em breit und
and 13 inches long, or have dimensions as similar as pos
zwischen 28 und 33 cm lang oder eine moglichst iihnliche
Ible. All copies should be typewritten on one side of the
Gro.Ge haben. Die Bogen sollen nur ei'nseitig, Iesbar· und
in Maschdnenschrift besohrieben werden. moe Aruneldung
sheet only and shall be legible. A minimum o;f five copies
und die zugehorigen Urkunden sollen in ifUruffacher Aus
of the petition and accompanying documents should be
fertigung eingereicht werden. Ferner sollen soviel weitere
·filed together with such additional copies <as may b: re
Abschr.fften beigefiigt werden, wie zweck:s Zustell'Ung von
quired /for the service of one copy an eaeh .interested
je einer Abschrift an jeden am Verfahren Beteililgten er
party to the proceeding. (See Article 61 of IMHitary Gov
forderlich sind (Artikel 61 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Mil1Uir
regie~g).
ernment Law No. 59).
4. Da das Gesetz von deutschen Behorden angewendet
4. Since the Ua.w will be admilliistered' by German agen
wird, soIl die Anmeldung, soweit moglich, in· deutscher
cies, the petition shOUld 'be written in German, if pos
Sprache abgefaBt sein; andernfalls muB life 1n englischer
sible; otherwise, the English language shall be used.. Affi
Sprache abgefaBt sein. Eidess1:aMlichen Versicherungen, die
davits submitted in any other language ~han bea£com
in einer anderen Sprache eingereicht werden, son cine
panied by a translation in German.
deutsche Oberse1zung beigefiigt werden.
.
5. In so if~rr .as pOSSible, a separate netition should be
5. Soweit als moglich soU fUr jcden RUckerstattungsan
•
filed for each olaim:
spruch eine besondere Anmeldung vorgenommen werden,
(
;1. where more than one act of confiscation is the
a. wenn die AnsprUche sich auf mehr aI'S einen Ent
ziehungsvorgang griinden;
basis for the claims, or
;,:"
b. wenn die beanspruchten Vermogensgegenstiinde
b. where the IProperties claimed are presently -in more
gegenwarllg an verschiedenen Stellen gelegen sind.
than one location.
.
6. Original-Urkunden sollen nicht elngereicht, sondern
6. Original documents should not be filed but should be
von dem Berechtlgten zurUckbehalten. werden, bis er von
retained by the claimant until requested by the Restitution
der RuckersiattungsbehOrde um die Einreichung ersucht
Authority. However, true copies or photocopies of pertinent
wird. Dagegen sollen beglaubigte Abschru:ten oder Foto
J
,
'
26
�~'"
--.--.~---.'---_==o=.."..
kopien saachdienlicher Urkunden der Anmeldung beigefil
documents should be attached to all claims filed. pictures
werden. Wenn eine schriftliche Beschreibung eines Ve
or' drawings should be furnished, it possible, where they
mogensgegenstandes nicht als ausreichend erscheint,
are necessary in order to present an ,adequate description of sollen, soweit moglich, Abblldungen oder Zeichnungen be
the property.
gefUgt werden.
.7. Die Anmeld'llng mUll datierl und vom Berec:htigt.
7. Each petition shall be dated and shall be signed by
the claimant or by his duly authorized representative; if . oder seinem bevoUmachtigten Vertreler unterscluieb,·
signed by a person other than the claimant, the power of win; wenn sie von einer dritten Person unterschrieben i:
so mull die Vollmacht oder sonstige ErmachUgung dies.
attorney or other authorization of such a person should
Person mit der Anmeldung eingereicht werden.
accompany the claim.
III. StralbesUmmungen fiir unrichtige 'Anmeldungen
UI. Penalties for False Claims.
Wer im Zusammenhang mit der Anmeldung eines Al
Any person knowingly making false statements in con
spruChs auf Riickerstattung· nach. Ma.6gabe des Ges~tz.
nection with a claim for restitution under MilltaryGovern
Nr. 59 der Militarregierung eine wissentUch falsche Ar
ment Law No: 59 will be liable to punishment under Ar
gabe macht, macht sich nach den Vorschrif:~n des Al
Ucle II, paragraph 33, of, Military Government Ordinance
tikels II, Ziffer 33 der Verordnung Nr. 1 der Militarregi(
rung strafbar.
No.1.
IV. Datum des Inkrafttretens:
IV. Effective Date.
Diese Verordnung tritt am 10, November 1947 in Kraft.
This regulation shall become effective on 10 November
ler
Jr
1S
ir
et,
1947.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG.
BY ORDER OF MILITARy GOVERNMENT.
:g
APPENDIX
ANHANG
.13
OUTLINE OF INFORMATION REQUESTED IN A
PETITION FOR RESTITUTION UNDER, MILITARY
GOVERNMENT LAW NO. 59
ANLEITuNG ZUR VORNAHME DER ANIUELDUNG EiNE
RtlCKERSTA'lTUNGSANSPRUCHS NACH MASSGAB;
DES GESETZES NR. 59 DER MILlTXRREGIERUNG
ir~
TElL A
PART A
Angaben iiber den Berechtigten, seinen Anwalt oder
Information Concerning the Claimant, his Attorney or Agent,
Beauftragten uDd den Verfolgten
if any,and tbe Persecuted Person
I. Angaben fiber den Berechtigten:
I. Information Concerning the Claimant:
1. Famildenname, Vornameund weitere Vornamen.
1. Last name, first name, and middle name (in full).
2. Standiger Wohnsitz.
2. Pennanent residence.
~. Gegenwartige Ansch:ritt.
3. Present address.
4. Anschritt, welche tilr Zuschriften an den BerechtigteJ
4. Address to' which corespondence with the claimant
betreffend den Riickerstattungsanspruch benutzt wer
concerning this claim should be sent.
den solI.
5. Name and address of person within Germany who is '
5. Name und Anschrift eines in Deutschland wohnhaftel
authorized by the claimant to receive service ot legal
Zustellungsbevollmachtigten (Artikel 58, Absatz 4).
papers on his behalf;, (see Article 58, paragraph 4) .
6. Wenn derBerechtigte und der Verfolgte nicht di·
gleiche Person sind, milssen alle, Tatsachen dargetal
6. If claimant is not the persecuted person, state aU :
werden, aus denen sich ergibt, daB der Berechtigte de
facts on which claimant bases his right, to succeed to
Rechtsnachfolger des Verfolgten ist. Abschriften aIle;
claim of the persecuted person. Attach copies of any
sachdienlichen Urkunden sind beizufUgen. Falls de)
pertinent documents. In the event that claim is based
Anspruch auf einer Abtretung beruht, sollen Abschrif
on an assignment, copies of the Military Government
ten cler Genehmigung der Abtretung seltens der Mili
license authorizing sucb. assignment should be at
tarregierung belgefUgt werden.
tached.
II. Information Concerning the Agent of the Claimant,
IL Angaben fiber den Bevollmichtigten des Berechtigten:
it any:
7. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
7: Last name~ first n'ame, and middle name (in full).
8. Anschrift.
8. Address.
9. Rechtsnatur des Auftragsverhaltnisses (Rechtsanwalt
9. Nature of agency (attorney-at-law, attorney-in-fact,
sqnstiger Beauftragter, Vormtind usw.). Abschrilter.
guardian, etc.). Attach copies of appropriate docu
der sachdienliC'laen Urkunden, aus denen das Auftrags.
ments showing' agency.
verhaltnis ersichtlich ist, sind beizufUgen.
III. Angaben fiber den Verfolgten:
III. Information Concerning Persecuted Person:
10. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
10. Last name, first name, and middle name (in full).
11. Gegenwartige Anschrift (falls am Leben).
11. Present address, if living.
12. Letzter bekannter Wohnsitz und letzte bekannte An·
12. Last known residence and address in Germany.
schrift in Deutschland.
13. Residence and address at the time of the act ot con
13. Wohnsitz und Anschrlft zur zeit der Entziehung.
fiscation.
on
n
ng
en
er
r
. \
'
se
m
;
:
rt
,r
r
e
e·
TElL B
AngabeD iiber das Vermogen, dessen Riickerstattung
beansprucht wird
I. Grundstiicke und Reebte an Grundstiicken:
14. Einzelbeschreibung des Grundstiicks oder der Rechte
am Grundstiick.
15. Lage.
16. Beschrelbunl 1m GrundbuC'h.
PART B
e ["
1.11
1,
:l " .. '
i'l
it
.
.
Information Concerning Property Claimed
I•. Real Property and Inter~ts in Real Property:
14. Detailed description of real property or of interests
therein.
15. Location of the property.
lIJ. Description .of entry of property in Land Title Reeister
(Grundbuch).
27
�II. Business Enterprises:
17. Name and descri,ption of the business enteI'IPrise.
18.. Locaticm of the business enterprise:
a. at the Ume of <the confiscation,.
,b. iLl moved, present or last-known address and
location.
19. Description of entry in the Commercial Register
(Handelsregister)..
III. Securities: (Bonds, .shares, ete)
20. Give an exact description of the type, certificate
number, etc. of the security. If an interest in or an
obligation of an organization, give ·name and address
of such organizabion.
21. Give location of. the instrument at the time of the
confiscation and !present, or ;last known location.
IV•. All Other Perso,nal Property:
22. Give a dt<!iailed description of the property involved
and all ,pertinent ,information-with respect thereto,
including lacation at the time of the confiscation and
its present or last knoW'll location.
I
V. All Other Property Not Heretofore Mentioned:
23. Give a detailed description· of the ,property involved
'and all other pertinent information with respect
thereto, inoluding, where relevant, location at the
time of the confu;;cation and Us present or la<8t known
location.
(
PART C
statement of Facts Concerning Act of Confiscation
,:; ·Information Concerning Property Prior to the Time of
the Confiscation:
24. Date of the acquisition of the property by the per
secuted person.
25. Purchase !price paid by the ,persecuted person.
26. ValUie of the property at the time of the acquisition
descr.ibed at item 24.
27. State in detail facts concerning tiIn(provements OT any
.a.ocretions, dea:>reci,ation, and other changes dn value
of the property prior to the act of ronfiscation.
28. In case the claimant, at the time of the confiscation,
WlaS not the sole awp.er af the prqperty claimed, state
·names, addresses, as ,well as Jeg8il nature, and per
centage of interest of all other co-owners of the
property.
29. Descr.i.be other. rights and interests of third persons
in the property, such as mortgages, liens, pledges, etc.
. Give all the .facts and data concem:ing such persons,
particulaIlly names, addresses, as well .as legal nature,
extcnt and .amount CJf their interests.
11. Information Concerning the Act of Confiscation:
30. Date and place of transaction which constituted the
act of eonfiSCllibion.
Give exact information as to the facts and circum":
31.
stances by ·reason of which it ~s claimed tlhat:
a. a oontiscat1onwith,in the meaning of Article 2
oocured,or
. ·b. a presunllPtion within the meaning of Article 3
arJses, or
c. the power of avoidance with,in the meaning of
Article 4 arises.
.
State clearly if t;hI~ claim 4s based on more than one
of these categories.
II. Geschiiftsunternehmungen:
17. Name u~d Beschreibung des Geschiiftsunternehmens.
18. Angabe daruber, woo das Geschliftsunternchmen
·a. zur Zeit der Entziehung gelegenwarj
b. wenn verzogen, gegenwiirtlge oder ietztbekannte
Anschrift und Lage.
19. Eintragung 1m Handelsregister.
111. Wertpapiere (Schuldversehreibungen, Aktien usw.):
20. Genalre Beschreibung des Wertpapiers, seiner Gattung,
Ellektennummer usw. Bed AnteHsrechten Name und
AnschIiIt des Unternehmensj bei Schuldver~ha:ei
bungen Na:me und Anschrift des Schuldners.
21. Angaben darii'ber, wo sich das Wertparpier zur Zeit
der Entziehung befunden hat, wo es sich jetzt beftndet
oder, falls dies nicht be:kannt dst, wo es sich zuletzt
befunden hat.
IV. Sonstiges personliches Vermijgen:
22. Eingehende Beschreibung des in Fra.ge .stehenden
VermOgensgegenstandes und alle sonstigen sach
dienlichen auf ihn beiUglichen Angaben elnschUeBlich
Angaben dariibet, wo er sich zur Zeit der Entzlehung
hefunckn hat, wo er -slch gegenwiirUg beftndet und,
fans dies ndcht bekannt ist, wo er &1m zuletzt be
funden hat.
V. Sonstige Vermogensgegenstinde, sowelt sie bisher hier
nicht aufgefiihrt sind:
23. Elngehende Besclhreibun.g des dn IFrage stehenden
Vennogensgegenstandes und aile sonsti,gen ihn· be
trellenden sachdienlichen AIIlgaben ein~hlieBlich An
·gaben daruber, wo sdch der Vermogensgegenstand zur
Zeit der Entziehung befunden hat, wo er sich jetzt
,befindet oder, laUs dies :n1cht bekianntist, wa er sich
zuletzt oofunden hat.
TElL C
Schilderung des Entziehungsvorganges
I. Angaben fiber den Vermogensgegenstand vor der Ent
ziehung:
24. Datum des Erwerbs des Vermogensgegenstandes sei
tens .des Vel1folgten.
25. Kaufspreis, den der Veriolgte bezahlt hat.
26. Wert des Vermogensgegenstandes zur Zeit des Er
werbs (siehe oben Nr. 24).
27. Elngehende Angaben tiber Verwendungen, WerterhO
hungen, Wertminderungen und andere Veranderungen
des Vermogen:sgegenstandes vor der Ent2liehung.
28. 1m FaIle der BeI\..'-'Chtigte zU4"Zeit dar Entziehung
nicht AlledneigentUmer des Vermogensgegenstandes
war, sollen die Namen und AnschrUten aHer an dem
Vermogensgegenstand M.itbeteiligten angef'i.ihrt sowie
die Rechtsnatur und Hohe ihrerBeteiligung beredch- .
net werden.
29. Sonstige Rechte Dritter an dem Vermogensgegenstand,
wie Z. B. HYlPOtheken, gesetzllche und vertJragJiohe
Pfandrechte 'll9W. AIle auf diese PersolY-'..nbezUg
Lichen Tatsachen und Einzelheiten sind anzugeben,
besonders ihI'e Namen und AnsohI1i1ten BOwie die
.Reclltsnatur, der Umfang und Geldbetrag ihrer
Rechte.
II. Angaben uber den Entziehungsvorgang:
30. Datum und Ort der Entziehung.
31. Genaue Angaben der Tatsachen und Umstiinde, aut
Grund deren geltend gemacht wird, daB
a. eine Entziehung 1m Sinne des Artikels 2 statt
gefunden hatoder .
b. eine Vermutoog im Sinne des Artikels 3 'ilorliegt
oder
c. ein Anfechtungsrecht im Sinne des Artikels 4
gegeben ist.
Genaue Angabe dartiber, ob der Anspruch auf mehr
als eine der obigen Kategorien gestUtzt wlrd und auf
wclche.
28
...-..-.
�=
32. Angaben tiber den KaUtpreis, wie er zur Zeit dE
VerauBerung des Vermogensgegenstandes berechn!
wurde.
33. Alla sonstigen Vertragsbedingungen, wie sie ZUr Ze,
der Verau13erung des Vermogen~gegenstandes fesl
gelegt wurden.
34. Angaben tiber das Entgelt, das der VerauBerer ir
Zeitpunkt der VerauBerung und gegebenenfalls spatE
erhalten hat. Angaben tiber die Gegenleistung, die de
Erwerber gemacht hat; Angaben tiber die Betrag
sowie Zeit und Ort der geleisteten Zahlungen, a,
wen diese Zahlungen geleistet worden sind und all
sonstigen zur Aufklarung des Sachverhalts dienliche
Umstande.
35. Angaben tiber etwaige, dem Verfolgten aLiferlegte Ver
fiigungsbeschrankungen hinsichtllch des gezahlten ode
erhaltenen Entgelts.
36. War das Entgelt ein angemessener Kaufpreis im Sinn
des Artikels 3, Absatz 3? Falls nein, Ang'a:be des ange
messenen Kaufpreises. Worauf beruht die Schatzun,
dieses arigemessenen Kaufpreises?
37. Alle weiteren sachdienlichen Angaben, besonder
Namen und Anschriften von Zeugen, die Aussagen ii
Bezug auf die Angaben unter Teil C, II, mache)
konnen. Abschriften etwaiger beweiserheblicher Ur
kunden usw. sind bei,zuftigen.
32. Purchase price s-pecified at the time of the transfer of
the property.
DS.
33. Any other terms specified at the time of the transfer
01 the property.
34. Consideration received at the time of the transaction
and subseql,lently thereto. State consideration paid or
given by the transferee, specify the amounts, time
and place of payments, to whom the amounts were
paid, and all other pertinent circumstances.
:1g,
nd
ei
35. State any restrictions placed upon the use by the
persecuted person of the consideration paid or given
by the transferee.
36. Did the consideration reocived constitute a f,air pur
chase price within the meaning of Article 3,paragrapv.
31 If not, what would have been a fair purchase
'Price? State basis of estimate.
3'1. Give all other pertinent information, particularly
names and addresses of witnesses capable of testify
ing to the statements made in Part C, Section II;
attach copies of any pertinent evidentiary documents,
etc.
eit
let
lzt
en
h
ch
ng
td,
e
er
III. Information' Concerning the Property After
Confiscation:
~n
~he
38. In instances where an accounting under the Law is
claimed, give all pertinent information showing the
basis 01 such claim, including information withre
spect to profits, losses, accretions, 'improvements, de-,
terioration, damage, loss, management, expenses, etc.
Give 'all other pertinent information necessary for
such accounting between the parties with names and
addresses of witnesses capable of testifying to the
statements made in Part C, Section III; attach copies
of pertinent evidentiary documents, etc.
IV. Inf,ormation with Respect to the Restitutor and All
e
n
;Ir
zt
:h
i
Other Parties to the Proceedings, Except the CI,aimant:
i
39. Give full names, present or last known addresses, and
extent ot participation in, or knowledge of, the trans
action 01' confiscation with respect to:
a. the person who first acquired tJhe property fTom
the persecuted person, also, his address at the time
af confisoation;
b. all persons (except present holder) , subsequently
holding the property;
n
g
!s
n
e
c. the present or last known holder;
d. all other persons claiming a.n interest in the
property ~mortgagees, tenants, etc.).
I,
e
40. Give all
other perUnent information, particularly
names and addresses of witnesses capable of testifying
t<y,the statements made in Part C, Section IV; attach
copies of pertinent evidentiary documents, etc.
I,
c
V. Other Information:
41. Any other pertinent information deemed necessary to
give a furI statement of the 'Petitioner's claim for
r
restitution.
t
,I'
I
III. Angaben tiber den
Entziehung:
Act of
~:
"l.!"
PART D
Prayer for Relief
The Restitution Authority will not enter an order for
restitution or other relief under this Law unless the
claimants sets forth, in a prayer, the relief sought, detailed
in the manner in which he desires it to appear in the final
order of the Restitution Authority. In setting forth the
prayer for relief in this Part, the following information
should be included:
Vermiigensgegenstand
nach de·
38. In denjenigen Fallen, in den en nach MaBgabe de
Gesetzes eine Rechnungslegung beansprucht wire
sind alle sachdienlichen Ang,aben tiber den Grunt·
dieses Anspruchs sowie tiber Gewinn, VerlustEt, Wert
erhohungen, Verwendungen, Verschlechterungen, Scha
den, Untergang, Geschaftsftihrung, Auslagen usw. Zl
machen. Die fUr die Rechnungslegung erforderlichel
Angaben sellen auch die Namen und Anschriften VOl
Zeugen enthalten, die Aussagen in Bezug auf Angabel
iri Teil C, III, machen konnen. Abschriften etwaige:
beweiserheblicher Urkunden usw. sind beizuftigen.
IV. Angaben uber den Ruckerstattungspftichtigen und all·
sonstigen am Verfahren Beteiligten mit Ausnahme de:
Riickerstattungsberecbtigten:
.
39. Familienname; gegenwartige und letztbekannte An
schrift; Umfang der Beteiligung an dem die Ent,
ziehung darstellenden Vorgan,g; oder Kenntnis hier,
von, und zwar in Bezug auf
a. denjenigen, der den Vermogensgegenstand zuers
von dem Verfolgten erworben hat (Ersterwerber
sowie dessen Anschrift zur Zeit der Entziehung;
b. aIle diejenigen Personen (mit Ausnahme de!
gegenwartigen Besitzers oder Eigenttimers), die del
Vermogensgegenstand spaterhin im Besitz ode;
Eigentum hatten;
c. den gegenwartigen oder letztbekannten Besilzel
oder EigentUmer;
d., aUe sonstigen Personen, die ein Recht an derr
Vermogensgegenstand geltend machen, (z. B
Hypothekenglaubiger, Mieter usw.).
40. AlIe weiteren sonstigen sachdienlichen Angaben, ins,
besondere Namen und Anschriften von' Zeugen, di<
Aussagen in Bezug auf die Angaben in Teil C, IV
machen kOnnen. Abschriften etwaiger beweiserhe:b'
licher Urkunden usw. sind beizuftigen.
V. Sonstige Angaben:
41. Sonstige' sachdienliche Angaben, die fUr eine voll
standige Schilderung des Sachverhalts, auf die sid
der Rtickerstattungsanspruch begrunctet, erforderlicc:
sind.
TElL D
Riickerstattungsantrag
Die RtickerstattungsbehOrde kann ein die Rtickerstattun€
anordnendes Urteil oder ein sonstiges UrteH auf Grund de~
Gesetzes nur erlassen, wenn der Anspruchsberechtigte der
Anspruch auf Rtickerstattung dem WorUaut nach so ~enat.
angibt, wic er sQ,iner Auffassung nach in dem Endurte!l del
Rtickerstattungsbehorde formuliert werden soil; zu dlesem
Zweck sollen folgende Angaben gemacht werden:
29
�42. Ob der Berechtigte an Stelle aller sonstigen Anspriiche
42. State, whether, in lieu of all other claims for resti !
aut Ruckerstattung den Anspruch nach MaDg'abe des
tution, the claimant elects the remedy set. forth in
Artikels 16 des Gesetzes erhebt, und falls ja, in' welcher
Article 16 of 1he Law, if so, the amount clalmed
Hone.
<t.hereunder.
43. Falls der Anspruch auf Nacbzahlung gemiiJl Artikel 16
43. In case the remedy set forth in Article 16 is not
nicht erhoben wira, soll in Bezug auf Jetten einzelnen in
elected, state with respect to each item of property
'feU B aUlgettihrten Vermogensgegenstand und in Bezug auf
listed in Part B, and with respect to. each person
jede in Teil C, IV, genannte Personangegeben ,werden:
named in Section IV of Part C, the specific relief
sought, in particular:
a, ob und inwieweit Ruckerstattung in Natur ver-'
a. whether, and ~o what extent, restitut,ion in kind
langt wird;
,is requested;
b. im FaIle, daB RUckerstattung in Natur nicht mog
b. In case restitution in kind is not :possible or in
lich ist, oder im t'alle der Verschlechterung des
case of deterioration, whether compensat,on is
Vermogensgegenstandes, ob eine. Entschiidtgul1g
requested, and, if so in what amount; .
verl'angt wlrd und laUs ja, in welcher Hohe;
c. whether, and in what amounl a claim is made for
c. ob und in welcher Hohe ein Anspruch auf Mieten,
pants, use, profits, etc.;
Gebrauchsubertassung, Gewinn usw. erhoben wird;
d. whe'ther and to what extent any other relief is
d. ob und in welcher Hohe weitere AnsprUche auf
sougnt unaer the provisions of tnis Law.
Grund dieses Gesetzes erhoben werden.
PART E
I/We, hereby declare that all information given in the
foregoing petition is to the best. of my/our knowledge ac
curate. complete and true.
Date
TElL E
ichiWir erkliiren hierroit, daB aIle in der vorstehenden'
Anmeldung enthaltenen Angaben nach meinemlunserem
besten Wlssen. und Gewissen genau, vollstandig und der
Wahrheit entsprechend gemacht worden sind.
Datum
Signature
Unterschrift
MlLITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
• UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
MILITARREGIERUNG
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KON'l'ROLLGEBIET
REGULATION NO.2
{'fNDER M1LlTARY GOVERNMENT
\
LAW NO: 59
AUSt'OHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
NIt 2 ZUl\1 GESETZ NR. 59
DEl{ MIUTAHl{£Gl~RUNG '
Filing of Reports as Required by Military
Government Law No. 59
Erstattung von Allzeigen gema6 Gesetz Nr. 59
der MiliUirregierung
Pursuant to Articles' 73 and 74 of Military Government
Law No. 59, "Restitution of Identifiable Property" (see
ApPendix 'A'), all persons holding certain property which
maybe subject to ·restitution under this Law are reqU:ired
to file, on or ,before 15 May 1948, a report concerning such
property, w.ith the Zentralanmeldeamt (Central Filing
Agency), Baa Nauheim, Germany, as established by Reg
ulation No. 1 under .this, Law. Pursuant to Articles 75,
76 and 77 of this Law (see A,rul,e.ndix 'A,), penalties are
provided for the ·failure of such ,persons to. file SUe!l re
ports, Pursuant to' Art,icie 92 ot this Law and in imple
mentation of Article 73 and 74' thereof, it is here,by' ordered
as follows;
Nach Artikel 73 und 74 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 derMilitiir
regierung tiber Rilckersta1Jl.ung fest~tellbarer Vermogens
gegenstande (siehe Anhang "A") sind alle Personen, wetche
vel'mogel1sgegenstande. ale moglicnerweise der Htickerstat
tung naco l~a.ugabe des Uesetzes untertiegen, in Heliitz oder
.r.;lgentum 'hallen, verptlic:ntet, bis zum 15. Mai 1~48 dem
aU! Grund (.Ier Austunrung,;verordnung Nr. 1 zum Geselz
Nr. 511 der MiliUirregierung crrichtetenL.entratanmeltieamt
m Bad Nauheim (Deutschland) eine AnZeige zu erstatten.
Wer seiner Anzeigepllicht nicnt nachkommt, maeht sien
nach MalSgabe der Artikel 75, 76 und 77 des Gesetzes Nr.5~
der Militiirregierung (Anhang "A'') strafbar. Auf Grund
Ui;!S lUtiKe!S U::l ctie;:;\;:.; uesetzes und in V'::rIOJg der' Ar
ukel 73 unCI 74 aessetben w.lrd niermlt iOlgenCles 'angeordm:L:
t. Manner of Filing Reports:
1. The report should .follow tile outline set out in
Appendix 'B. All iniormation required should be given jn
exact and co noise form.
1. Form der Anzeige:
1. Di~ Anzeige sol1 entsprechend del' im Anh~ "B"
gegeot:nen anlt!1l.Ung vorgenommen werden. AHe veL'
tangten AngabensoHen genau und in gedrangter Formge
macM werden,
2. Falls der Berechtigte ausftihrlichere Angaben machen
wiU, sind sie als Anlage Cler Anzeige beizufligen, und zwar
zusammen mit sach<;lien~ichen Urkunden und eidesstatt
liehen Versienel·ungen. Die Anlagen sind zu numerieren.
3. Es ist nicht notwendig, gedruckte Formulare zu ver
wenden, Die er,lorderlichen Angaben soHen in der Anzeige
in der aus dem Anhang "B" ersichtLichen Reihenfolge 'gemacht
\'iel'aen; die Anlwort auf jede Frage soH am hnken Rand
aes zur Anzeige verwendeten Bogens mit derjenigen Zifter
beze1chnet werden, welche oor im Anhang "B" zur Beze;ich
nung der Frage verwendeten Ziffer entspricht. Die zur
Anzeige verwendetcn Bogen sollen aus GrUnden der Ein
heitliehkeit nicht 'grof3er sein als 211/: .em breit und zwi
ex
2. When the reporting person desires to give more
tensive eXJpLanations, they should be added as numbered
annexes to the report, together with appropriate docu-'
ments and aitldavHs.
3. No printed iorm need be used, The report should
contain the required informamon in the order in which it
(' ':. forth in Appendix 'B' and each item thereof shall
l5'" . .;tven a num:ber, appearing d.n the left margin of the
paper, corresponding to the number set forth in Appendix
'B', The sheets of paper on whdoh the 'l'eport lis ty:ped should,
for unlformity, be Sy. inches wide and between 11 and 13
inches lon~, or have dimensions as similar as possible,
30
�l,
J\ All COpies
'
'
shauld be typewritten on one &ide of the' sheet
oly and shall be legible. 'I\he report sha.tJ. be written in
one original and two dqpMcate copies thereof shall
sehen 28 und 33 cmlang oder elne miSglichst Ahnltche
GriSBe haben. Die Bogen sollen nur elnsel:tig, lesbar und
in Masehinenschrlft beschrleben werden. Die ·Anzelge soil
in deutscher Sprache abgefaBt se.I.n; es sollen em Orlginal
und zwe1 Abschrtften elngerelcht werden.
11t'~ property In dHferent location should be repOrted
4.. Filr Verm6gensgegensUlnde, die sich an verschiedenen .
Orten befinden, sollen gesonderte Anzelgen erstattet
I ' seP,n'8tely.
.
'..
. .
~ ~·-:5. Each report shou!d be dated andaha.ll be signed by
werden. Anzelge soil datiert und muB von dern Anzelgen
5. Jede
1 ~ person filing the report or by his duly authorized rep
Vertreter
! . resentaUve; If signed by a person other than the re
den oder selnem bevollmachtlgten Person a1s tmterschrleben
seln. Wenn me von elner anderen
dern Anzeige
I ' porting person, tile power of attorney or other authorization
pflichtlgen umeischrleben ist, so muB die Vollmacht oder
of such a person shaU accompany the report.
sonsUge Ermlichtigung der Anzelge beigefl1gt werden.
t "r"
., D. Effective Date:
II. Datum des Inkrafttretens:
I :;;'This iegulatlon shall become effective on
10 NoV'e'fll
Diese Verordnung tritt
10. November 1947 In Kraft.
"'ber 1947.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREOIERUNG.
r
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am
,: it -:"·~t
! ~'!;.,
~'BELBVANT
APPENDIX A
ANHANGA
ARTlCLBS FROM MILITARY GOVERNMENT
, 'LAW NO. 59 AND FROM REGULATION NO.1 ISSUED
TBBIlEUNDBR
; ~.:
j
"'?'r
EXCBRPTS'FRO~~~Y
'::.
I6
~
10
....
,I j~:':t
GOVERNMENT
'
ARTlCLB 2
Acts of ,Confiscation
~
'Ii' 1., Property shall be considered coDnscated within the
! 'provisions of this Law, if the person entiU~d thereto has
i
j&
been deprived of It, or has failed to Obtain, It despite a well
founded legal expectancy of acquisition, es the result of:
(a) A transaction' contra bonos mores, threats or
duress. or
Unlawful taking or any oth~r tort;
(b) Seizure due to a governmental act or by abuse of
• ::
such act;
. 1}
(e) SeizUre as the' result 'of' measures taken by the
>
NSDAP, Its formations or affiliated' organizations;
provided the acts described in (a) to (c) were caused. by or
constituted measures of persecution for any of the reasons
set forth in Article 1. '.
, 2. It shall, not be permissible to plead that an act was
not wrongful or contra bonos mores because, It conformed
with a prevaillng ideology concerning discrlinlna1!l0n against
Individuals on account of their race, religion, nationality,
i4eology or their political opposition to National Socialism.
~
an
3. Confiscation by a governmental act Withln the m~an
of paragraph 1 (b) shall be deemed to include,among
In~
other acl:s, sequestration. confiscation, forfeitUre 'by order
'or operation of law, and transfer by order of the State or
bv 8 trustee appointed by the StMe. The fodeiture by
vtrtueof a judgment of a orlmI.n'al court shall also be con
, Bldered a confiscation by a governmental acto if such judg
ment has been vacated by order of an appropriate court or
by operation of law.,
-.
'
,
4. ~ judgment or order of a court, ,or of an adminis
trative agency, which, illthough based on general provIs'on~
of law. was banded down solely or ,primarily with the pur
. pose of ~nj.urin.g the party aftecred by it for any of he
reasons set forth in Article 1 shall· be deemed a' speclflc !n
. stance of the abuse of a governmental act The· abuse of a
governmental act shall also include the procurement of a
',' -"',dgment or of measures of execution by exploiting the
':i .;cumstance that the opponent was, actually or by law,
" , __ievented from protectlnll his Interests by vb·tue of his
race. religion, natlonaltty, ideology or his poUtica1 opposition
f to National Soclalism.. The Restitution Authorities (Resti
tution Agency, Restitution Cbamber and Oberl~desgericht)
$all diflreg.ard any such judgment or order of a court or
adm1nJst:rative agency whether or not it may otherwlse be
appeal~ or reopened under existing law.
.
MASSGEBENDE BESTIMMUNGEN DBS GESETZEB NIL 59
DER MILITXIlREOIEIlUNG UND SEINER AUSFlnI·
RUNGSVEIlORDNUNG NIL 1
AUSZUG AUS DEN BESTiMMUNGEN DES GESBTZES
,Nil. 59 DEll MILITXIlI1BOIEI1UNG
ARTIKEL Z
Bntzlehungsfille
1. VermiSgensgegenstlinde sind Un Si·n,ne <Ueees Gesetzes
entzogen, wenn sle der Inhaber eingebilBt oder trotz be
grtindeter Anwartscba!t nicht erlangt hat i,ntolge:
(a) e1nes gegen die guten Sitten verstoBenden Rechts
·geschifies ader einer Drohung, oder elDer wider
rechtiichen Wegnanme oder sonstigen uneliaub1>en
Handlung,
(b) Wegnahme dureh Staatsakt oder durch MiBbrauch
elnes Staatsaktes,
(e) Wegnahme durch MaBnahmen der NSDAP, ihrer
Gl1ederungen oder angeschlossenen Verbfinde,
sofem die unter (a) bis (e) faHenden Tatbestinde durch
VeI'lfolgungsmaBnahmen aus ~ GrUnden des Artikels 1
verursacht waren oder Solche VerfolgungsmaBnahmen dar
stellten.
'
2. Ndemand 'Wird mit dar E~nwendunlg geb6rt, selne Hand
lungsweise set deshalb ndcht !l'echts- oder sittenwldrig ge
wesen, weil sie aLlgernelnen AnsehaUIUngen entsprochen
habe, die eine SehlechteMte1l.ru.ng e1nzelner wegen ibrer
Basse, Religion,' NationalJ.tlit. Weltanschauung oder ihrer
Gegnerschaft gegen den lNationalsoziallsmus lI:um In·hail1:
hatten.
S. Als Wegnahme <lurch Staatsakt ~m Slnne des Ab
satz '1 (b) geIten '1.1. a. Einziebung, VerfallerkUirung. Verfall
kraIft Gesetzes und Verffigung auf Grund staatlicher Auf
·lage o der <lurch staatMeh bestellten Treuhiinder. Als Weg
Zli8lhme . durch staatsakt gilt auch die Einziehung <lurch
strafgerlchtllches Urteil, wenn das UrteY durch Gericbts
beschluB oder kraft Oesetzes aufgehaben wocden ist.
4. Als MiBbrauc.h von Staatsakten gUt :Insbesondere eine
auf rulgemeinen Vorsc.hriften beruhende, jedoch ausschUeB
Mch oder vOrwiegend 2IIlm Zwecke der Benachtel.1igung des
Betroffenen aus den Gr.Unden des Artikels 1 ergangene Ent
scheidung oder VerlUgung aiDes Gerichts oder eln~r Ver
waltungsbeh6rde, ferner die ErwlIrlrung von Entscheldungen
'lind VollstreekungsmaBnahmen unrer AUSDUtzung des Um
standes, daB jemand wegen 6elner Rasse, Religion, NaUona
Utilt. Weltanschauung oder seiner polUlsehen Gegnerschaft
gagen den Nationalsoziallsmus zur Wahrung seiner Rechte
talslichlich oder rechtlich ndcht Jm Slande war. Die Wieder
gutmachungsargane (Wledergutmachun,gsbeh6rde, Wleder
gutmach'llllgskammerund Beschiwerdegeridlt) bOOen eine
solche Entscheldung oder Ver.f(tgung elnes Gerlchts oder
elner Verwaltungsbeb6rde els nichtig zu behandeln obne
"Rf1clcsieht darauf, ob· sle nach geltendem Recht rechts
kr!i.ttlg 4st,· 'lind ob sie im Wlooeraufnahmeverfahren ange-
foehten werden k6nnte.
31
�(paragnlphs 2 ami 3 are omitted).
ARTIKEL 3
EntzlehungsvermniunB' .
_
1. Zu Gunsten eines BerechttgieJ1 wlrd vermutet, daB ein
in der Zedt vom 30. Januar 1933 bis 8. Mal 1945 abge
schlossenes Rechtsgesc'hMt ed.ne Verm~gensentz1elw:ng .1m
Sinne des Artikels 2 d.arstellt:
.
(a) Wenn die VeriuBerung oder 'Aufgabe des Ver~
m6gensgegeJ1standes An <ler Zeit der Verfolgungs
maBnahmeJ1 von einer Person vorgenommen
worden 1st, die VerfolgungsmaDna.b.imm aus Grfln
den des Artlke1s 1 unmittelibar aus.gesetzt war; ,
(b) We:nn die VerAuBerung oder Aufga.be eines Ver
mi)gensgegenstaodes seitens, elner Person vorge
. nommen wurde, die %U elner Gruppe von Persorien
geh6rte, welche In ihrer Gesamthelt sus den Gliln
den des Artlkels 1 diu.rdl MaBnahmen des Staates.
oder der NSDAP arus dem kulturellen undwtrt
schaitllchen Leben DeutscbLands ausgeschaltet
werden soUte.
'
(,A,bslitze 2 und 3 bier nicht wdedergegeben.)
ARTICLE 4
Power of Avoidance
1. .Any transaction ente.red 4nto by a person be1ong,ing
to a class referred to in Paragl'l8ph 1 (b) of Article 3 within
the period from 15 September. 1935 (the date of the fi'rst
Nuremberg la.ws) to 8 iM'ay 1945 may, because of 1he duress
imposed on suoo class, be avoided by a clalmant where web
transaction involved' the transfer or relinquishment of any
property unless:
, (~) The firansaction as suc.h and wdth Its essential
terms '701Uld have talren place even tn the absence
af National Socialism, or
(b) The transferee !protected the property interests ot
the· claimant (Article '1) or his predecessor in ln~
terest in an unusua.1 manner and with substantial
!mccess, !for eX.aa'I'lI!'le, by helping him in trans
ferring his assets' abroad ,err· throUgh similar
tlSsistance.
. ,
(Para,graphs 2 to 5 are omitted).
ARTIKEL (
Anteehtung
1. Der Berechtlgte kann eln RechtegeschMt, das von
einer zur Gruppe des Absatz 1 (b) des Artikels 3 gehOrdgeJ1
PersOn In der Zeit vom 15. September 1935 (Datum der
ersten Nurnberger Gesetze) bls zum 8. Mal' 1945 vorge
nommen worden ist; wegen der Zlwangslage, in der slch
diese Gruppe, betand, anfechten, wenn das Rechtsgeschi·ft
die· VerliliBerung oder AU!fgabe eines Verm6gensgegen-'
standes zum Inhrut hatte, es sel denn, daB:
'
'(a) das Rechtsgescb.ift als solches und mit selnen
wesentlichen Bestlmmungen auch ohne die· Herr
schaft des Nationalsozla:llsmus
abgeschlossen
worden wlire, oder
(b) 'der Erwerber die Vermogensinteressen des Be
rechtlgten (Artlke1 7) oder seines Rechtsvorglingers
In besonderer Weise und mit wesentlichem Er
folg, insbesondere durch Mitrwi-rkung bei elner Ver
mogensilbertragung ins Ausland oder durch ibn
Uche MilBnehmen, wah-rgenommen hat.
(Absitze 2· bIs 5 hier nicht w!edergegeben.)
ARTICLE '13
Duty 'to Report
1.' Anyone who has, or has had in his possession, at any
time after !'t was transferred by or taken·:from a persecuted
person, any property whilch he knOW'S or should ,know under
the circumstances:
(a) 1s confiscated pr()1:)erty wUhin the meaning of the
provdsions of Article 2; or
(b) is presumed to be confiscated property pursuant to
the prov:lsions of para:grtaph I pf Ariicle 3; or
(c) has 'been at any time the subject of a transaction
which may be avoided pursuant to the provisions
of paragraph 1 of Article 4.
l'lhall report this fact in wrlting to the Central Filing Agency
on or before 15 May 1948.
ARTlKEL'13
ADzeigepmeh' .
1. Wer Vermogensgegenstande, von denen er welB oder
den Umstanden nach annehmen muB,
(a) daB sie im Sinne des Artikels 2 diese'S Gesetzes
entzogen sind; oder
(b) daB eine solche Entziehung nach den Vor!':chriften
des Artlkels 3, Absatz 1 vermutet w1rd; oder
(c) daB sie zu irgendeiner Zeit Ge(en~and elnes
Recht~eschiifts waren. das nach den Besiimmun
gen des Artikels 4, Albsatz 1 angefochten werden
kann,
im Besitz hat oder zu ir~endeinem Zeltpunkt, nachdem der
Verfollrte fiber ale verftlgt hatoder sie ihm entzogen wor
den sind. 1m Besitz batte.· muB dies schriftllch dem Zentral
anmeldeamt bis zum 15. Mai 1948 anzei~en.
Die Arrzehze muB genaue Anftaben darilhP.t" enfbalten. me
der Anzelgeerstatter in den 'Besltz, des VeNnogensgegen";
i;tandes ~elangt ist, ste muB Namen und Wohnon. desienl
I'!en· angeben. von dem der Anzelgeerstatter den Vpr
mlS(ensftegenstand ,et"halten hat. das entriC'htete E,.,t~plt
"nd, falls der VermiSgensge(enstand nlcht mehr im Be"'f:'>:
t'\es Anzef(eerstatters ist. ,den Namen dec:ien Igen, an den
der Verm6gensgegenstand Obertragen worden 1st.
2. nle Anzell(epfllcbt entflillt:
(a) Rei bewPftUchC'" Sachen. die 1m We(e des ord
nungsmfiBlgen ilbHchen GeoohlftsverkehTs aus einem
etnschUigi(en Untemehmen erYrorben worden sind;
anzeiltepfiiootlg sind jedoch Sachen. die 1m Welte
de{' Verstelgerung erwol"ben worden sind. odet In
Unternehmen, die s1ch mit der Verstedgerung oder
sonstlgen Verwertung entzogener VE!I1'IIlli)gensgegen
6Ulnde in erhebUclhem lMaBe bef,aBten;
ARTICLE 3
Presumption of ConJiscaUon
. ..
.
It shall be presumed in f.avor of any Cla1mrutt that
". .le· following transactlonsentered into between 30 January
1933 and 8 May 1945 constitute acts of conftsoaUon within
the meaning of Article 2:
.
(a) Any transfer or relinquishment of p:ro,perty made
during a period ol persecution by any person who
was directly exposed ·to. persecutory measures on
any of .the grounds set forth in Art:lcle 1;
(b) Any transfer or reMnquishment of property made
by a person who belonged to a clasS of persons
which on any of the grounds set forf:h in Article 1
was to be eUminated In its entirety from the
cultural and economic life of Germany by measure.q
taken by the State or the NSDAP.
it
The report. to be filed hereunder shall show the exact
clrcumSb!.nces under which the reporting person obtained
possession ot the property; 1.t shall also contain the name
and. address of the person from whom the reporting person
acquired the property as well as the consideration paid, and
in ,case the property no longer Is in his possession, the name
of the person to whom the property was transferred.
2. The following property need not be reported:
(a) Tangible personal property which had been acquired
in the course of an ordinary and usual· business
\"
transaction 1.n an establishment' normally dealing
In that type of property, provided, however, that
property acquired at an auction, or at a private
sale In an establishment engaged to a considerable
extent in the business ot auctioning or otherwise
dispoSing of confiscated property, must be reported;
.t "
82
�(b) Tangible personal property, the value of which did
not exceed R:M 1,000 at the time of the confiscation;
ein
(c) Donations made to close relatives (as defined in
Section 52, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code) and
donations which without doubt were made for
moral considerations;
(d) Property which has already been restituted and
property as to which the claimant has relinquished
his right of restitution expressly and in writing at
any time between 8 May 1945 and the effective
.date of this Law.
~e
Un/'
f
er-'·.
gs
len
In
2r
~e
len
3. No report filed pursuant to paragraph 1 by any person
shall be conSidered, in proceedings before a Restitution
AuthOrity, as 'an admission of the reporting party that the
property so reported Is subject to restitution or as a waiver
of any defense he might have had if the report had not been
. filed. It shall be admissible, however, as an admisSion of
the facts stated therein.
in
tes
rt
.tet
4. The Central Filing Agency upon receiving a report
under this Article shall forward a copy of the report to the
appropriate Restitution Agency or Agencies in each district
In which property affected by the report is situated. All
reports filed pursuant 10 the provisions of this Article shall
be open to inspection.
'on
~en
ier
~e
ich
aft
~n
ier
zes
ten
les
In
len
ier
Gr
al
ARTIKEL 76
Strafbestlmmungen (Fortsetzung)
1. Mit Gefangnis bis zu fUnf Jahren und mit Geldsl
oder mit einer dieser Strafen wird, soweit nicht auf G:
anderer Bestimmungen eine hohere Strafe verwirkt ist,
9traft, wer Vermogensgegenstande, die unter d~;. Be::
mungen dieses Gesetzes fallen, veraullert, beschadlgt,
nIchtet oder" beiseite 6chafft, urn sie dem Zugriff des
rechtigten zu entziehen.
2. In besonders schweren Fallen tritt Zuchthausstraf,
zu fUnf Jahren em.
.
3. Der Versuch 1st strafbar.
ARTICLE 76
Penalties (continued)
1. Whoever alienates, damages, destroys, or conceals any
pronerty com!n.~ under the prOvisions of this Law In order
to thwart the rights of a claimant, shall be punished with
imprisonment not exceeding five years, or a flne, or both.
unless heavier penalties under any other law are ap
plicable.
2. Confinement In a penitentiary up to live years may
be imposed in especially serious cases.
3, The attempt shall be punishable.
rd
em
nd;
e-/!c~
it
d ;{f,
\.:.~;,
~n
'.
,
ilberstiegen hat;
ec) bel Schenkungen zwischen nahen Verwandten (!l
Absatz 2 StGB) und bei unzweifelhaften Anstan
schenkungen;
(d) bei ber-eits Zu:rUckerS'tatteten VermogerJSgegenst.
den und bei solchen VermogensgegensUinden,
deren Rilckerstattung der Berechtigte in der ~
vom 8. Mai 1945 bis zurn Inkrafttreten dieses ,
setzes a~cklich schriftlich verzichtet hat.
3. Elne gemaB Ab:>'atz 1 erstattete Anzeige darf im V
fahren vor den Wiedergutmachungsorganen nicht als «
standnls des Anzeigenden gewerlet werden, daB die
gemeldeten VermogensgegellStande der Rilckersta:tturig
terliegen; ebensowenig dad eme solche Anzeige als V
zicht auf einen Einwand ausgelegt werden, den der ,
zeigende hatte geltend' machen konnen, wenn er. die •
zeige nicht erstattet hatte. Die Anzelge kann jedoch als
Gestandn.is in Bezug auf die darin mitgeteilten Tatsac!
gewertet werden.
'.
.
4. Das Zentralanmeldeamt hat nach Erhalt elner
Grund der Bestinunungen dieses Artikels erstatteten "
zeige eine Abschrift der Anzeige .an die zustandige Wiec
gutmachungsbehorde oder die zustandigen Wieder~
machungsbehorden in .dem Bezirk weiterzuleiten, in <'
sich irgendwelche in der Anzeige in Bezug genommene '\
mogensgegenstande befinden. Die Elnsicht in alle gel
den Vorschriften dieses Artikels erstatteten Anzeigen
gestattet.
.
ARTICLE 74.
.
ARTiKEL 74 •
Obligation to Inspect the Land Title Register and Other
PnIeht zur Elnsleht des Grundbuehs und anderer
Public Registers
6ffentlleher Register
1. Anyone holding real property or an interest in the
1. Wer ein Grundstilck oder ein grundstilcksgleic
nature of rc>al property, shall ascertain by inspection of the . Recht besltzt, ist verpfllchtet, sich durch Einsicht
Land Title Register whether or not the property In question
Grundbuchs zu vergewissern, dall es sich nicht urn ei
must be reported. The same shall apply with respect to
anzeigepflichtigen
Vermogensgegenstand
'handel!.
other property interests which are recorded in any other
gleiche gUt von Vermogensgegenstanden, die in and(
public rE;!gister.
offentlichen Registern eingetragen sind.
2. Whenever a public authorl1y or any other public
2. ErLangt eine Behorde oder offentllche Dienstsi
agency learns of the whereabouts of property which must
Kenntni6 von dem Verbleib eines anzeigepflichtigen ,
be reported. it shall report such fact without delaY' to the
mogensgegenstandes, so hat sie unverziiglich dem Zent
Central Filing Agency. Article 73, paragraph 4, shall be ap
anmeldeamt Mitteilung zu machen. Arlikel 73, Absa1
plicable.
.
gilt entsprechend.
AR'flKEL 75
ARTICLE 75
StrafbesUmmungen
Penalties
1. Mit Geflingnis bis zu flinf Jahren und'mit Geldst·
1. Any person who
oder mit einer dleser Strafen wird, soweit nicht auf GI
(a) intentionally or negllgently fails to comply with
anderer Bestlmmungen eine hohere Strafe verwirkt ist,
his duty to re!,ort as set. forth In Articles 73 and
straft
74; or,
(a) wer seiner Anzelgepfl'icht auf Grund der Ar
(b) knowln~ly makes any false or misleading state
73 und 74 vorsatzllch oder fahrl8.s:Sig nicht n·
ments to the Restitutlon Authoritie's,
kommt,
shall be puni'5hed with Imprisonment not' exceedln~ five
(b) wer gegeniiber den Wledergutmachungsorg,
years, or a fine. or both. unless heavier penalties under any
wissentUch faIsche oder irrefilhrende Ang.
other law are appllcable.
macht.
.
2. No penalty shall be .imposed in the case of subpara
2. Der Tater bleibt im Falle des Absatzes 1 (a) stra
graph (a). where the report required by this Law has been
wenn er vor Entdeckung die nach diesem Gesetz
made voluntarily and prior to discovery.
gesehriebene Anzelge freiwillig nachholt.
len
rr
ien
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(b) bel beweglichen Sachen, deren Wert 1m 'Zeitpu;
der Entziehun'J! den Betrag von RM 1000, ni
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�ARTIKEL "1"1
Strafbestlnunungen (Fortsetzuns) .
Niemand kann sich in den Fallen der Artikel 75, 76 auf
die Unkenntnls von solchen Tatsachen berufen, die er auf
Grund einer Einsicht in offentuche Biicher oder Register
erfahren hatte, wenn undsoweit er nach Artikel 74 zu elner
solChen Einsicht verpfilchtet war.
ARTICLE "1"1
PenalUes . (continued)
\
1 the cases with the scope of Articles 75 and 76, nobody
. 'iuay plead ignorance of facts which he could have ascer
. ained by the inspection of public books and registers, if
t
·and to the extent to which· Article 74 imposed on him the
obligation of such insPectIon.
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AUSZUG AUS DERAUSFVlIRUNGSVERORDNUNG Nit. 1
ZUM GESETZ NR. 59 DER MILIT]{RREGmRUNG
EXCERPT FROM REGULATION NO. 1
UNDER MILITARY GOVERNMENT LAW NO. 59
I. Erricbtung eines Zentralanmeldeamles
I. EstabUsbment of Central Filing· Agency
1. There is hereby established the Central Filing Agency
(Zentralanmeldeamt) provided for in Article 55 of Military
Government Law ,No. 59, the mailing address of which is:
Zentraianmeldeamt (Central FlUng Agency)
Bad Nau'heim, Germany
2. This Agency is hereby vested wi,th all· powers and
rcsponsib1llties which the Central Filing Agency has under
the provisions of Military Government Law No. 59.
(Section II to IV are omitted.)
regierung wird hiermlt ein Zentralanmeldeamt errichtet,
dessen Anschrift lautet:
Zentraianmeldeamt
Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
2. Diesem Amt werden hiermit .alIe Rechte und Befug-'
nisse iibertragen, die dem Zeniralanmeldeamt nach MaO
gabe der Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MiliUir
regierung zustehen.
(Abschnitte II bis IV hier nicht wiedergegeben.)
APPENVIX B
ANHANG B
Outline of Information to be Reported
Anleitung zur Vornahme der Arizeige
PART A
Information Concerning tbe Person Filing the Report,
bls Attorney or Agent
I. 'Information Concerning tbe Person FlIlngtbe Report:
1. Last name, first name and middle name (in full).
Permanent residence.
Present address.
-.t. Address
to which correspondence with the person
filing this report, should be sent.
II. Information Concerning tbe Agent, II any, 01 tbe Persolt
Filing tbe Report:
5. Last name, first name 'and middle name· (in full).
·6. Address.·
7. Nature of agency (attorney-at-law, attorney-in-fact,
guardian, etc.). Attach copies of appropriate docu
ments showing agency.
.
TElL A
Angaben tiber den Anzelgenden, seinen Anwalt
oder Beauftragten
I. Angaben iiber den Anzeigenden:
·1. Famlllenname,. Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
2. SUlndiger Wohnsitz.
3. Gegenwartlge Anschrift.
4. Anschrift, an welche Korrespondenz mit dem An
zeigenden gesandt werden soIl.
II. Angaben fiber den Bevolhnicbtigten des Anzeigenden:
5. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen.
6. Anschrlft.
7. Rechtsnatur des Auftragsverhiiltnisses (Rechtsanwalt,
sonstiger Beauftragter, Vormund usw.). Abschriften
der einschlagigen Urkunden, aus denen das Auftrags
verhll.ltnis ersichtlich ist, sind beizufiigen.
PARTB
TElL B
. Angaben iiber den zur. Anzclge gebrachten Vermogens
gegenstand
I. Angaben ilber den gegenwartlgen Besltzer oder Eigen
tOmer und Lage des zur Anzelge gebracbten Ver
. mogensgegenstandes:
8.· Angabe darliber, o:b der Anzeigende der gegenwlirtige
Besitzer des Vermogensgegenstandes ist.
9. FaHs dies nicht zutrifft, Name· und Anschrift der
Person, die den Vermogensgegenstand gegenwiirtig in
Besitz hat, soweit bekannt.
.
10. Gegenwiirtige Lage des Vermogensgegenstandes, so·
weit bekannt.
II. Grnndstilcke ond Rechte an Grundstiicken·:
11. Einzelbeschreibung des Grundstiicks oder der Rechte
am Grundstiick.
12. Lage des GrundstUcks~
13. Beschreibung 1m Grundbuch.
1. GemaO Artikel 55 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MiUtilr
Information Concerning Property Reported
I. Information Concerning Present Bolder and Location of
Property Reported:
8. State whether: reporting person is present possessor
of property.
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9. If not, state full name and address of person presently
in possession of property, if known.
10. Present location of property,if known.
I. Real Property and IntereSts In Real Property:
11. Detailed description of real property or of interest
therein.
12, Location of the property.
13. Description of entry of property in Land Title Register
(Grundbuch).
[I. Business Enterprises:
14.... Name and description of the business enterprise.
d: 'cation of the business enterprise:
\.. . at the time of the acquisition,'· by the person
reporting;
.
b.present or last known location.
16. Description of entry in the Commercial Register
(HandelBregister).
IlL GescbB.ftsunternehmungen:
14. Name und Beschreibung des Geschiiftsun~ternehmens.
15. Angabe darliber, wo das Geschliftsunternebmen .
a. 1m Zeitpunkt des Erwerbs durch den Anzeiger
gelegen war;
b. gegenwartlge oder letztbekannte Lage.
16. Eintragung 1m Handelsregister.
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�IV. Securities: (Bonda, shares, etc.)
17. Give an exact description of the type, j::ertlilcate
number, etc. ot the security•. If an interest in or an
obligation ot. an organization, give name and address
ot. such organization.
18. Give location ot. the instrument at the time it was
acquired by the reporting person, and present or last
known location.
. ,
V. All Other Personal Property:
19. Give a detailed description of the property involved
1
and all other pertinent Information with respect
thereto, including location at the time it was acquired
lby the r~ortlng person and present or last known
location.
"
VL Any Other Property Not Heretofore Mentioned:
20. Give a detailed description of the property involved
and all other pertinent information with· respect
thereto, including location at the time it was acquired
by the reporting person and the' present or lut known
location.
PART C
statement of Facts Concerning Acquisition of and Disposal
of Property
.
l!. 'Information Concerning Property at the Time .of the
Acquisition:
.
the acquisitiqn of the property by the
reporting person.
22. Full Dame and address of the person from whom the
property was -acquired.
23. Exact circumstances under which the reporting person
obtained possession of the property.
24. Purchase price specified at the time of the transfer
of the property.
25. Any other terms specified at the time of the transfer
ot the property.
26. What part of the purchase price or consideration was
paid or delivered to third persons or agencies and
under what circumstances.
27. Value of the property at the time of its acquisition..
,IV. Wertpaplere (Sohu1dverscbrelbunr~ Aktlen, usw.):
17. Genaue Beschreibung der Gattung des Wertpapie
seiner Effektennummer usw.; bel Anteilsrechten Nal
und Anschriit des Unternehmens; bei Schuldvl
schreibungen }!lame und Anschrift lies Schuldners.
18. Angabe darUber, wo sich da.s Wertpapler im Zeit PUt
. lies Erwerbs durch den Anzeiger befunden hat, wo
sich jetzt beftndet und, falls dies nicht bekannt i
wo es sich zuletzt befunden hat.
...
.
.
V. 80nstiges personUOOesVenn.Ogen:
19., Genaue Beschreibung des in Frage stehenden V(
m6gensgegenstandes und alle sonstigen sachdienlich
Angaben dariiber einscblieBlich der Lage zu dem Ze
'punkt, an dem der Verm6gensgegenstand von d£
Anzeigenden erworben wurde, wo er slch gegenwir
beftndet und, falls dies nicht bekannt 1st, wo er si.
zuletzt befunden hat. .
. .
VL 80nstire Vennogensregenstinde, soweU sie bisher hi
moot aufgetllbri worden sind.
20. Eingebende Beschreibung des in Frage stehenden Vf
m6genSgegenstandes und aIle sonstigen ihn betreftend·
sachdienlichen Angaben einsc.hieBlich Angaben de
tiber, wo sich dei Vermogensgegenstand im Zeitpun
des Erwerbs durch den Anzeiger befunden hat, wo
sich gegenwartig beftndet urid, taUs dies nieht bekan
ist, wo er siC'b zuletzt befunden hat.
TElL C
, Angaben iiber den Erwerb nnd die Veriu.8erunr
. des Vermogensgegensiandes
I. Angaben tiber den Vermiigensgegenstand zur Zeit (]
Erwerbs:
.
21. Datum des Erwerbs des Vermogensgegenstandes seite
des Anzeigenden. ' .
.
.
22. Familienname, Vorname und weitere Vornamen SOVI
Anschrift der Person, von der der Vermogensgegensta:
erworben wurde.
23. Die genauen Umstande, unter denen der Anzeigen
den Besitz des Verm6gensgegenstandes erlangt hat.
24. Angaben tiber den Kaufpreis, wie er zur Zeit d
Erwerbs des Vermogensgegenstandes berechnet wur(
25. Alle sonstigen Vertragsbedingungen, wie sie im Ze
punkt des Erwerbs des VermClgensgegenstandes fe~
gelegt wurden.
26. Welcher Teil des Kaufpreises oder des Entgelts ist .
dritte Personen oder Stellen bezahlt oder ausgehandi
worden und unter welchen Umstlinden?
'27. Wert des Vermogensgegenstandes im Zeitpunkt d
Erwerbs.
28. Im Falle der Anzeigendewiihrend der Zeit, in der
den Besitz an dem Vermogensgegenstand hatte, nic
dessen aUeiniger Eigenttimer war, sollen die Nam
und Anschriften aller 'an dem VermlSgensgegenstru
MitbeteUigten angeftihrt sowie die Rechtsnatur Ul
Bohe ihrer Beteiligung bezeichnet werden.
21. Date of
l·
<!!
~.
.'
28. In case the reporting person, during the time he held
the property, was not the sole owner of the property,.
state names, addresses, as well as legal nature and
percentage of interest of all other co-holders of the
property.
.
I.L Information Concerning Property Subsequent to'
Acquislilon:
29. Give any facts deemed advisable Concerning apprecia
tion or depreciation in the value of the property
during the time it was held by the reporting person,
including 'any change in the status of encumbrances
againSt the property.
.
IL Angaben
E~rb:
tiber den' Venniigensgegensiand nach de
.
29. Bier sind alle fUr sachdlenlich erachteten Angab.
zu machen, welche eine Werterh6hung oder WeI
verminderung des Vermogensgegenstandes wlihrel
der Zeit, In der der Anzeigende ibn in Besitz hat
elnschlleBlich Angaben tiber jegllche Verlinderur.
die in den Belastungen des Vermogensgegenstand
eingetreten 1st. ' ,
.
.
30. Wenn der Anzeigende tiber den Vermogensgegenstal
verfiigt hat, sind Name und Anschrift der Pers!
anzugeben, an die er weiterverliuBert worden 1st.
31. Datum, an welchem' die WelterveriiuBerung stal
gefunden hat.
32. Der von dem Neu-Erwerber gez:ablte Kaufpreis.
33. AIle sonstigen sachdienlichen Bedingungen des Ve
l1uBerungsvertrages.
34.. Wert des Vermtsgensgegenstandes zur Zeit der Weite
verliuBerung.
30. If property was disposed of by reporting perso~,
give n'ame and address of person to whom It was
transferred.
31. Date on which the property was transferred.
32. Purchase price paid by the transferee.
33. Other pertinent terms of the contract of transfer.
34. Value of the property at the time of the transfer.
35
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F"
UNITED'STATES AREA OF\ CONTROL
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Publishe4 by
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OFFICE OF . MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.,
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",AMTSB~LATT D'ER, MILITARREGIERUNG,,::
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DEUTS-CHLAND·.
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AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET '
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Herausgegeben von
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U. S.,
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Ausgab~ J
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This Amendment becomes effective In Bavaria, Bremen,
, ~esse and Wuerttemberg-:-Baden o.n 15 May .1948.
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BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMli:NT
, ;"
.) Issue G. page 20
.) Ausgabe, G, Se1te 20
,
,
, MIUTARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
AUsFOfmUNGSVERO-:'
,NR 3 ZUM GESETZNR',59
DER MILIT
REGULATION NO. 3
,tINDER MILITARY GOVERNMENT
'LAW NO~ 59*)
, '-und Bestimmungeiner jiidischen
and Appointment Thereunder
" '
, Riick~rstattungs-Nachfolgeorganisation '
Designation of Successor Organizations Pursuant ,
, ~ to Military Government Law No. 59 and Appoint ' Geltendmachung j~~s~!t~n V~rmo"ens gem~~:,~~~~,
, ment of a Successor Organization to Claim Jewish
• ' Ge5etz, Nr., 59 der Mihtiirregierung f1;:f..1ii;,,*~~'~,
,
Property
, ,',
,Imrsuant to Article 1(3
~USfiihrungSveronlnung",'-'::-}~~~J'i1~1~~;f1?!;i~i
Regulation
Military Government Law No; 59,
"': the following Regulation ()Jl the Designation of Successor
OI'gan:ia:ations is :p.ereby issued:
{Yf
",1. A non-.prottt or charitable org,anization desiring to. be
BiPpam.ted as a s-uooessor organdz.,ation underfMi11tary GoIvern
ment ,Law No. 59, may apply dn wr.iting to the Otfice of
. <:Military:Qovernment for Germany (U. S.) !or ruch ap.podnt
, ment.' Such: aa:>plication shall set Ifo.rth in detaU all infor
" matkm concerning the structure, purpose and functions of
"the applicant ol'lgan.ization and should be aooompanied by
, ,all relevant documents, suoeh as articles o.f incorporatio.n and
by-IaJWS. - Additional information may 'be required.
2. Such organizatiOlIl must ,be representaUve' of th~ entire
, group or class which it is / ' be authorized to represent.
to
3., Upon appointment,a successor orgoanizabion mUst use
its <a&sets for the general benefit of t'he members of the
. group or class which it represents or :fur such other n~
-profit or charitable purposes as may ~ approved Iby Military
'
GO'Vernment.
,4. The rights and obligations of such organirz:ations shall
, be set if.orth in the appointment.
Appointment Under Foregoing Regulation /'
: " L Designation of sucCessor Organization for JeWlsb Property
' T h e Jewish Restitut40n Successor Orgaruzation, a charitable
o.r~tion, incorporated under the laws of the State of
',' New York, United States of America (hereinafter referred
" to 'as JRSO) 'hav.ing, applied for appointment as .a oooocssor
',organizatiOn and having qualified pumuant to the above
',', 'regulation issued under Article 13 o.f Military Government
'Law No. 59, is hereby appointed as the successor organizla
tion authorized to claim Jewish property, as hereinafter
'defined, pursuant to the terms of Artkles 8, 9, 10 and 11 of
Military Government Law No. 59.
U. Definition of Jewisb Properly
1. Jewish property is defined as the property,' rights and
:,. interests of Jewish indi,viduals and of Jewieh o.rgandzations.
2. A perSOlIl shiill be considered to be a Jewish individual
, if between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945 he was:
a. SUibjectOO to perseoeutory measures on the grounds
that he was a Jew,' or
.) Issue G. pages 1-25
"
GemaO Artikel 13 desGeretzes iNr, 59 der.!Ml;li~g1erunig
wird hdermit die nachrfoIgende AusfUhrungsvei'ordnung fiir
die Bestimmun'g von tNach.folgoorga.nti.sationen er1assen:":::-:
1, Einenk:b.t auf Gewinn gerichtete~r' gemeinn<ilw'ge
Organisation, rwelohe . . a uf Grund des Gesetzes Nr.,59der,
Miolitiirregie:rung ,als Nachf.olgeorganisation anerlainntzu
werden wUnscht, kann bel. der ~el"ik;andsche:n 'iMill'tJU:
regierung :fUr >Deutschland eine:n schrdiftlichen Antr.a;g'aUt
eine solche' Bestimmung stellen. Ein oolches Gesu'ch ,mUD
genaue EinzelheiJten Ulber den Au.1lbau, Zweck 'lIlld die, iFunIk
tione:n der Organisp,tion enthaHen; alle wesentlicheIr'Vhter:';,
lagen, die &ich. aUf den Antrag ibez:iehen, W:l.E! GeseUscllafts-"
vertrlige 'I.llld -sa~en del' antlr&gstellenden Organisation,
mussen dem Antrag Ibeige£Ugt werden:. -Zuslitzllche Angaben
konn.en verlangt werden.
,:';,:(",;'<",;;':;
2. Eine solch.e Organisation muB dde Ste11UJnJg .einesy'er';'
treters der gesamten Growe oder Klasse haben;welch~' sie
~u vertreten bevallmlichtigt 1st.
. ,
.. ,l ,/:,,:/,::,L:i;n~/:
3. Nach enfolgter Bestimmungals Nach!oleeorganisation
mu13 diesel'be illr Vermogen zum Wo.hle aller MttgUede~der
Groppe oder Klasse, welche sie vertritt, odeI' tilrn'.dcllt aut,
Gewinn' 'gerichtete odeI' wo.hltatige Zwecke verwenden,' die
von der iMUitarref¢erung genehmi,gt werden.
",,~.,: .. :,c;,j,',;'
. 4. Die Rechte und die V:erpfJdchtungeri einerSoloehen l,r
garn:lsation werden in der Bestimrn'Un,g als NadJiolgeorganl-:
sat!
festgelegt. f
;, ",-:r;';";',.>','
an
_.
.'.: "~.\ 1:I~t\'i~./~F~:;Y):~
8estlmmung als Nacbfolgeorga.n1satlon aut Grunil 'frY"
,
vorstehender Ausfiihrungsveronlnung :::,r,,~,:{~~~:/''''
,', .' '-.;.::,
,
L Bestellung der Nachfol,eorganlsa'ion fofir"JIldlsches ';,',"~i:;""
Verm6gen ' . ' , . ,
' , : , ,.:.;';~ ::;::i,::~;l,;k,
Die judioohe Riic:kerstattungs-Nachfo.IgeorganisatiOlil, ,elne
Wohltiitigkci1sorganJisation. errichtet auf, Grund del' ,aesetzli
des Staa1:es iNew York, U. S. A., Un If.olgenden JiRS9 get\annt.
wird, nachdem sie 'W1l Bestimm'llnga.ls N.acil!fo'ligeor.gan1satiop :
nachgesucht hat und auf Grund del' aben, eiWiihntenAuS- •
fi.i.hnmgsverordnung mArtikel 13 des Gesetzes Nr.,59der"
, Militar.regierung anerkannt worden !st, Ihfurrnit als Nach:
foIgoorgan,isation bestlmmt, die bereChtigt 1st, Wlsprocli, auf
judisches Vennogen nach IMaBgabe der Artike1 8, 9, .10,!Ull d
11 des Geseties :NT. 59 der IMilitilrregtierung zu e:1'Ihe00n:")}f.;':~~
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n. Begriff ,,jfidisches Vermiigen"
' '1""~,,;~:ii~~R;~::~'
1. Als judisches Vermogen gilt das VenniSgen, die Rechte,
un<! Inwessen }iidiseher iPersonen oder judischer,OJ:',garu~:,
sationen.
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2. Eine Pemon gilt rus judisch, wenn sic Zwis.cheri'de~:
30. Januar 1933 und dem 8. Mad 1945
' " '.';':;,\(;!;:J?i~d1/t~
a. VerfolgungsmaBnahmen aJUS dem Grunde,' da.B;'Si~.
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...(.".:.;",., b.. Of the Jewish race .or reMgion,'.Orf:.{~:,,,.,·.:,;;>~':fl",'r.,·;,;:.' 'i ~:)~. b. 'Weil ale·der. jiidischen. Rasse oder
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. ,;:~,:::t;IV c; A.member of';a Olassi.Cll!perro'Q3. WhljcllwaS' , •.••.[)e.,..... ,... c. ' well ..Sle Angehorige . emes
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~;c:';:':~ated fr~ the cultural .and.econOmicl1!e' of ~ariy . 'welcher aus deinkulturellen und
'~~;i~'~ bY·rm.easures taken by the.6tate or .'the ~ on .the. Deutschlands durcll MaBnahmendes
Staates
J'grrundsof..the Jewish .rare or rel)gion of the members ofNSDAP eus dem Grunde ausgeschJ.ossen werden
.
~'~:'~. tha,t class~.' .
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Mitgll~er dieses Krei~ der jlildi6chen Rasse oder
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angehorten.
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~dedh~ver that J;f there. is ~ ten~ to in~' . In den Fallen jedoch, in denenAnzeichendafiirvnt'h8.itlQe!n ..-,
',1'
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dicate that the person involved ehang~ his a.f.:fiiliiati~. from
sindt daB die betreftende Pe·rson ih!"e
the Jew1sh relig:i.on to ano.ther religion prior to the date of
iiiddschen Religion zu' Gunsten einer alllC1el:'en ~ ......& .•~...,
. hts.·.death~. or .that he was not actually of the Jewish race'·
ihrem Tode aufgegeben hat oder
:/~ dr l'eldgio!ri, the restitution authprity may make a finding'
~ur jiidischen 1Rasse ooer Religion !!:etlOr'i:E!
thai'-such Indivildual was not a Jewishindividu.al &fter con~
erstat~ungsbehorde nach AnsteUung einer U~ter5'll(:hun.g;
t·::".· dUcting such investigation asd.t deems appropriate to enable si:e sie fUr notwen~ erachtet, urn die tatsaehl1chen veJrntl.......'
e;· .•. : it·.- det
ine th 1 ts. .
.
russe 1estzustellen, eme Entscheldung dahin treffen .
solche iPerson nicht-jiidisch war.' .
r'·,:··..;"':': .. erm./ e ac . ' . . . .
,
j:-';' ..:' 3: An o.rg.anization shall be considered a Jewi.sh organi~
3, Eine Organisation .wird als judische Or.garl~S<ltio,n
r:.~ ~ation:.· ,\
trachtet,'
. .'
t· ':,\, ii. If its members professed to worship pursuant to
a. w.enn i'hre Mitgilieder sich Zum jiidischen. Glauben
the Jew:ish faith and ihad organized 001" tha.t purpose or If
bekannt 00er sicli zu. ddesem Zw~k 1i1lsammengeSIChlossen
· "t
'd th "'_1_1 t t'
'f th J-."'.....
.' 't .
haben oder wenn dIe Organisatlon der Verwaltung der
, ' . ; .:wasun er e.a\.Uu..uus ra lOn.o.
e "'WJ£>1.' eommunl y, or
jiidischen Gemei.nde JU:nterstand; oder
.:":"':.
,'.i "'. b. It It· was matnflained out of Jewish community
b. wenn eie vo.n Geldern der jiidischen Qemelnde
\ ' funds:
unterhalten wurde; oder
. .;" ..
..
. . ' \ ' e. II Jewdsh race or reli.g1io.n was 8. requirement of
c. wenn die Zugehorlgke1t Z'Ilr jiidischen Rasse Oder .
(
"membership; o . r . '
Religion Bedfugung ror die Mitgliedschaft war; oder
.
. <'1:. ~nn die Or~an.isation w~gen ilIberwiegender Menr,:,.
.
d .If the organization was diss&lvedor forced to dis1!01ve 'because the OIVenMlelmlng majority of the members
hel! jil<ilseber IMltglIeder autgelost 'WU1"de oder sich' auf~_
.,' ,"
..
'..
. ",
zulosen gezwungen wurde.
.
' ,~I••
wer~, -'JeWlsh '
4. M'
. !nd1V'ldoo.ls..
emungsverSICh·ed-.... e1..~ ~~....1ic h d es R-':"'t' d'" '.'
1 .:un "",n ~...:o
"""1 es er·
" .,
'" .t.Any dispute as 'to the right of the suocessor organiza
Nachfo.lge..Organdsation, auf Grund des Gesetzes VermligenS-;.':
'.';.. tion to cla.!m' property under the Law shall. be detennined
gegenstlinde zu boonspruchen, werden durch .die RUck;;;;..
by the ~tuUon Chamber whose decision shall be suJbject
ers'tattungsl!:ammer entschteden, deren BeschluC der Beru~i,:t.
to appeal and' review in !the same manner as in ather cases. f'Ungund der Nach-priifung wie in anderen Fallen unterliegt....·.
f.·;
I ..;
or
· Iii'stat~s, po~~;s, and Obligations of the .mso
J:RSO shall carry o.ut its activities in the U.S. Zone of
.:" 1.
DI. Stellung, Rechteund Pflichten der jucUschen Ruck
erstattungs~Nachfolgeorga.nisation (.mSO)
.
. . Germany,i'n aOllOrdance :with the conditions an4 limitations
Be~e~.g=~ g~~tk~an~:ti:~~C i~e~=~~~
by Military ~ment and by its cer:tifl.cate of
Besohriinkungen aus, die ihr von der Mll1tarre.gierung sowie
'inoofporation and by~a6WS.. JRSO shallibe operated as 6 non~durch die Griindungsurkunde und Satzungen auferlegt sind.·
JRSO ist als eine nicht auf Gewinn gericl1tete.OrganWition
. Pr¢it"organdzatlon;:U shall have 'the same .tax exemptwns
tlitig; sie genieBt dieselben Steuerbefreiungen, wie sie andere
aJ i gemeiruwetd.ge Organisation
under German Law.
,The ~""ti.ons o.f· JiRSO and its representaUves shall, ex""""'t gemeinnUtzige Organisationen nach deutschem Rechtbe~
~...--
~...
sitzen. AuCer in Fallen, wo besondere sch.riftliche Aus~
: .~ sPecifically exempted In writing by· OMGUS, be subject . nahmen seitens des Amtes der amerikanischen MlIUIir
to .aii Control COuncil and Mildtary 'Government legislation,
regierunggemacht sind, runterstehen die mso und ihre
.'. ·millt.a.ry regu).atio.ns and applicable German laws.
Vertreter allen Gesetzen des Kon't4'ollrates und der Militar
'~?,: ;...... : .
. .
. . . . . regierung, sowie militlirlschen Varnchrifteri und den
·:.' 2;. JRSO shall, with the approval of OMGUS and before wendbaren deutschen Gesetzen.
31 :D~ 1948, establish m the U.S. Zo.ne, under Gem1an
2. Die JRSO wird mit Genehmigung des Amtes der
laW-one' or more legal entities having the . status of chari
amerikanischen Militlirregierung va.r dem31. Dezember 1948
. . table oriiml~tions. mso shall, within thirty (30) days after
eine oder mebrere juristische PersOnen nach deutschem
'.,
.
Recht in der U.s. Zone grunden, die die Stelloog von ·gemein
' .. a~uisltfo~,.of real property pursuant to Military Govern
n-iitzigen O:r.ganisatiooen haben. Die JRSO iibertragt ,inner~
.. '. m.ent LMV No. 59, transfer title thereof to web entity or
ha~b von 30 .Tagen nach der E,rwerbung von Grundstiicken
, entitles. For the purposes of thlsparagraph, personal prop~· auf Grund des ~tzes Nr. '59 <ler Militarreg!i.erung dieSle!f
.:esSEmti~ to the operati.on .of real' property shall be' Eigentum auf diese juristische Person oder Personen. 1m
art f th
Sinne dieses ·Artikels w:ilrd bewegliohes Vermogen, welches.
d eem' to b e p o e real property. JRSO shall, within
ed
:
fiir die .Verwaltung des Grundstiickes wesentlich 1st, als Zu~
.. sixty (60) dAys after acquiring any' o~er property, pumuant
beMr des Grundstiickes angesehen. Die JRSO sucht fnner
. ~MilltaryGo.vernment Law No. 59, either apply to OMGUS
halb von 60 Tagen nach der Erwerbung anderen Vermogens
lot a 'license to exPort or remit to a foreign OOuntry, or .auf Grund des Gese1;zes Nr. 59 dar iMilitiirregier:ung ent~
transfer ~udh property to. the entity or entities establish"'" weder betGenehmigungder amerlkandschen zur Versent:kmg
dem Amte
Militlirregierung
urn eine
. .
.
""'I
7!UI' Ausfuhr oder
. pu.rsuantto this' paragraph. Upon denIal of ' an 'application
desselben. ins Amland ·nach OOer (i;beriragt di.eses Verm6gen
'.. for Suoo a Meense, the property involved sh8.ll, within thirty
der juristischen Person oder den juristischen Personen. die
/:
\) dayS after receipt of notice of such denial, ·be trans
auf Grund dieses Artikels errichtet wwden slnd. Fall6 eine
\ , .•Teclto. the entity or entities established pursuant to this
solche GenehmLgung versagt wird, wird das be-treffende
Vermogen innerhal:b von 30 Tagen nach el'!f.olgter ~eh
paragraph; Such entity or en,tit.ies shall holQ..· administer,
migungsverweigeron-g auf die jur:isti.sche Personoder Per~
or sell 1ihe property transferred to it by JRSO for the pur
sonen ilbertragen, die auf Grund dieses Artikels' errlebtet
~. and subject to 'limitatkms set forth In the author.iQ:a tion
worden sind Diese juristische 'Person oder Personen
,.....;.ed· by"
.'
betreuen oder verwalten das auf sle von der JRSO Uber~
."""LL .' .OMGU:S 10.r thees'tablishment of web. entity or tragene VermQgen oder verkaU'fen es zu Zwecken un'd UlDter
·entitles.. T:itle to any property held by such entity or entitles
den Beschriinkungen, w~lohe in der Genehmligun,g desAmtee .
./,.~ay .b~... ~~transferred to the ~SO. if specifically' autho.rlzed der amerikanischen Militarregienmg Zl.I.r Errkiltung salcher.:·
.1mP<i:se4
has
an..
.: #
~:.:,t~ .,·:~G~~~::'~;<l{?:h:;~.;?:~i';",~~:~~ . ~ ...
'"<./.
. ... .... '
~:";':'.: :;,:.~, ~
:. ';",.'\
".'
'.
4.. , ' . · .
....
••
�Rr.,~'
~
'''n an·
Itri.. _.:I war,
!chen Leben
~ oder <ler
n sollte, daB
Kler ReligiOD
tir vorhanden
:orlgkeit ' zur
Religion vor
IichJich nh:ht
n die RUck·
~uchung, wle
hen VerMIt.
'en, daJl cine
n1sation be
,en Glauben
ngesehlos.'lt!Il
I{altung der
I
(}ernelndt
Rasse oder
Oider
n'der Mehr.
7 ,deh auf
In wril1ng by OMGUS.
The provisions of Article 91 of
llilitary Government Law No. 59 are appl.icable to trans
fers made pursuant hereto.
3. JRSO and its authorized representatives shal·l have all
rights possessed by German entities and individuals, with
respect to the jnspection of property .and records; in addition,
OMGUS upon request of JRSO will authorize, in writing,
IRSO and its authorized representatives to inspect such prop
my and records and extract information from such other
documents and records held oy Military Gavernment or
Gennan Gov>crnmental authoriUes or German pc.rsons, in
dividuals or corporations, as OMGUS determines to be rel
evant to the proper performance of the functions of JRSO.
f. The JRSO and the German entities established pur
suant to paragraph 2 of this Article, shall make monthly
reports to OMGUS on their operations, and &ueh special
reports .as are at any time required by OMGUS., The 'form
of such report .and 1he nature of the informatdon to b'e sub
mitted therein shall be determined by OMGUS.
5. OMiGUS reserves the rdght to, at any time, imposll
other limitations and restrictions on the JRSO and its repre
sentatives or revoke the authority 'granted hereunder for
cause.
:iechtes cler
Verrnogens- .
8. 'I'he .turnishling of logistic support to the JRSO and its
die ROck
der Beru·
personnel by the occupation authority will be the subject
I u.nterli egt
of a separate agreement between EUCOM and the JRSO.
IV. Effective DIUie
rikanischen
:ungen und
'rung sowie
'erlegt sind.
rgamsation
. sle andere
Recht be-'
Iiebe Aus
'n Militar
und ihre
er MUitar
1 den an
Tills Regulation and Appointment shall ,become effective
ill Bavaria, .Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden and Bremen on
23 June 1948.
BY ORDER OF MI'LITARY GOVERNMENT
\mtes der
)Oi
~r
'"'
tet
Per..onen
:;0 fiber
md unter
lesAmtcs
g solcher
NO~
AUsFOHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
NR.4
4
under Military Government Law No.
!mbcr 1948
deutschem
.n gerne!n.
agt -Inner·
rn<istiicken
mg dieses
;.(men. 1m
1, welches
st, als Zu
cht inner
'ermagen!
rung ent
:-regierung
2rsendung
VermOgen
lOnen. die
Falls eine
etreffende
r ('".,neh
MILlT}(RREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
REGULAnON
jurlstlschen Person oder Personen enthal1en mnd. Eigentum
dieser juristischen Person oder Per60nen jeder Art kann auf
die JRSO rfickubertragen weJXk!n. wenn dazu eine besondere
schtrUtIi~he Genehmigung des Amres der amerikanlschen
, MHitarreglerung vorliegt. Die Bestimmungen des Artikels 91
des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Mllitlirreglerung ·finden Anwendung
auf Ubertra,gungen. welche nach Ma8g.abe dieser Vcn:
schritten vorgenommen werden.
3. JRSO und ihre bevollmachtlgten Vertreter genieJlen
alle Rechte, die deutschen jur~stischen PerSOillen und Elnzel.
personen in bezug :auf die Besichtigung von Vermogen und
Einsichtnahme in Unterlagen zukommen; Lerner wird das
Amt deramerikanischen Militarregiel"llllB. sowelt es dies
fUr die sachgemiiJle Ausiibung der Tiitlgke1t der JRSO fUr
notwendig Mit, .auf Antrag der JRSO diese und llire bevoll
machUgten Vertreter schrWlich ermiichtigen. 'Verrn6gen zu
besichUge:n und in Unterlagen Einsieht zu nehmen oder sleh
tiber den Inhalt von solchen Dokumen1en und Unterlagen
zu informieren. die sicl\ in Handen der MiUtarregierung.
deutscher Regierungsbehorden, deutscher Einzelpersonen oder
deutscher Gesellschaften befinden.
4. Die JRSOund die deutschen jurlstischen Personen,
welche gemaJl Paragraph 2 dleses Artikels gegrUndet worden
sind. lIefern dem Amte der amerikanischen MiLitiirreglerung
mona·Uiche Berichte fiber we Tiitigkeit, aul3erdem Sonder
berlchte, wann Immer dies von dem Amte der amerikanlschen
'MiUtiirreglerung verlangt wird. Die Form dfeser Berichte
sowie ihr Inhalt werden von dem Amte <ler amerdkaruschen
Militarregierung besUmmt.
.
5. Das Amt der amerikanlschen MiliUlrregierung beh~il't
slch das Recht vor, der JRSO und ihren V.ertretem jederzelt
weitere Auflagen und Beschriinkungen au(zuerlegen oder
diehdermit erteHte Ermlkhtlgung a'llS 'WichtLgem Gn.mde
•
zu widerrufen.
6. Die Bereitstellung von Transport, Unteroringung, Ver
pfiegung und dergleichen mehr durch die Besetzungsbehorde
fUr die JRSO und ihr Personal wird den Gegenstand elnes
besonderen Ubereinloommens zwlschen EUCOM und der
JRSO bilden.
IV. InkrarUreten
Diese Ausfiihrungsveroronungund Bestlmmung als Nach
fotgeorgannsaUon tritt am 23. Juni 1948 in B.ayern, Bremen,
Hessenund Wfirttemberg..Baden in Kratt.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
2~·)
zum Militilrregierungsgesetz Nr., 2·)
'(geanderte Fassung)
as Amended
1. GemaJl den Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 2 der
1. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 of Military
Milltiirregierung (geanderte }~assung) Paragraph 10 wird
r.overnment Law No.2. as amended, a General Author
hiermit durch die Militarregierung den deutschen Gerlcliten
Ization is hereby granted by Military Government to the
die allgemeine Ermachtlgung erteilt, sleh In allen Sachen
r.ennan courts to assert and exercise jurisdiction in any
betreftend GeldnnsprUche gegen elne deutsche. Reglerung,
case for a claim 'of money against a German government (Land . gegen eln deutsches Land oder gegen elne nledrlgere V~r
or any pOlitical sub-division thereof) or any legal 'entity .waltungsefnheit oder gegen irgendelne Korperschaft des of
fentlichen Rechts fUr zustlindlg zu erklliren und die Ge
existing under public law, provided that:
richtsbarkelt auszuiiben, vorausgesetzt, daJl'
,
a. der Geldanspruch ,nach dem 8. Mai 1945 entstanden
a. the claim arose and became due after 8 May 1945;
und flillig geworden ist; und
and
b.' der Geldanspruch slch weder direkt noch Indirekt
b. the claim does not involve, directly or indirectly,
auf. die Aliiierten Streitkriifte, einschlleJlUch der Mllitar
Ibe Allied Forces, Including Military Government or any
regierung, noch auf Handlungen, die von diesen vorgenom
men oder Anweisungen, die von dlesen gegeben wurden,
action taken or Order issued by them; and
bezil'iht; und
c. the claim does not involve, directly or indirectly,
c. der Geldanspruch slch. weder dlrekt noch Indlrekt
any liability of or claim against the German Reich, Including
auf Verbindllchkeiten des Deutschen Reiches o.der. auf For
derungen gegen dieses, einschlleJllich Pensionen, Beziige
pensions, emoluments or benefit of any kind, except such
..
--
~---,
.) Ausgabe A. Sette 7
,\ Issue A, page 7
5
�"s.eP,r. "" .MILlT2tRREGlERUNG- ,DEtJTSCBLAND.
l/!./ q C(?.. . . : ! " : : , - : :
'.' '.' :, "
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
. I ..
.ORDER NO. t
~iUAL""
ANORDNUNG NR. 1
to 'Article III (5) of Military Government
Proclamatibn No.1·)
erlassen auf Grund des Artikels m(5) ,
der Proklamation Nr. 1 der MiIitiirregierung,"r·,
BizonaI Economic Administration
nerika
Verwaltung des Vereinigten W.irtscbaftsgebietes"
Art. lII, Abs. (5)der Proklamatlon Nr. 7der MiUtar~'
regierung bestimmt, daB der Wirtschaftsrat das Recht zur.'
Annahme und zum ErIaIl von Gesetzen tiber Angelegenhelten .'
.:
hat, denen vom Bipartite Board zugestimmt wurde.
Der Bipartite Board hat seine Zustimmung dazu gegeb~ ,
daB der Wirtschaftsrat gewisse Rechte auf dem Gebiete des ',,.
Arbeitswesens haben solIe.
. : .:., .
Die Britische Militarregierung wird die Anordnung Nr.· 1
auf Grund der Verorqnung Nr. 126 der Britischen MU1tlir~·' .. '
regierung erlassen.
.
.
. .:,'
IntER,EAS Article III, paragraph (5) of Military Govern
Proclamation No.7 provldes that the Economic Council
rutUir
have the power to adopt and enact ordinances on
matters as may be determined from time to time by
!ns im
Board; and
-llmm:EAS the Bipartite Board has determined that the
....v,',,·,....... shall have certain powers in the field
dell~~maIIDowelr:. and
the British Military Government is Issuing,
1 pursuant to British Military Government
No. 126,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AS FOLLOWS:
The Economic Council shall, within the United States
have power to adopt and enact ordinances dealing
matters of general policy which affect more than '
Land with ,respect to: .
a. Employment and placement service, unemployment
insurance and allocation of labor;
b. Protection' of labor and labor law (Arbeitsrecht);
and
.
. c. Social insurance to the extent, that uniformity within'
the Bizonal Economic Area is necessary.
1 This Order shall be applicable within the Laender of
.'IIJI:IjIYUU". ' Wtierttemberg-Baden, Hesse and Bremen and shall
effective on 16 August 1948.
ES WIRD DAHER FOLGENDES ANGEORDNET:
1. Der Wirtschaftsrat solI in der Amerikanischen Zone'"
das Recht zur Annahme und zum ErIaB von Gesetzen fiber
Angelegenheiten von grundlegender Bedeutung haben,
'
welche mehr aIs ein Land angehen, namllch:
a. Arbeits- und StellenvermltUung, Arbeitslo~enver.;
sicherung und Arbeitszuweisung;
,
'.
,:
b. Arbeitsschutz und Arbeltsrecht;
c. Sozialversicherung, insofern als ihre Einheitllchkeit.:
in dem Vereinigten. Wirtschaftsgebiet notwendig 1st: '..
2. Diese Anordnung findet in den L1indern Bayern, WUrt'- I.
temberg-Baden, Hessen und Bremen Anwendung. Sie tritf··"
am 16. August 1948 in Kraft.
>"
••
'
•
"
.\
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREG:rEaUNG'!"
BY 'ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - ' GERMANY .
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
MlLITXRREGlERUNG ":"" DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET.
REGULATION
NO.4,
AusFOHRUNGS-:
VERORDNUNG NR. 4
.
.. i.'
\
'.
,','.
\
zum Gesetz Nr. 59 der Militiirregierung··) , (
Erricbtung eines Board of .Review .
.
.. .
..': '~_"i/~
",:,:,,{::~
Gemiill Artikel 69 ges Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Mllltam~erWig \i,
Uber die Rtlckerstattung feststellbaret .verm6gensgegensUlnde~
wird hiermit folgendes angeordnet: ,
',; f:;;j::k
I. Erricbtung uod Sltz, , ' . ,,' .''''':-;J];,
Der in Artikel,69 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der MUitarregterUil.i~;
vorgesehene Board of Review (nachsteheoCl "Der Board"'!:
genannt) wird hiermit ,errichtet. Er hat seinenHauptsitz' in;~~
,Numberg; er· kann jedoch nach seinem Belieben v9nf8U'i
zu Fall such an irgendeinem anderen Orte der Amerikanl-:~
schen Zone zusammentreten.
',','.,;'.;.c, ..
II. ErnenouDg uod ZusaminensetzUDg. ···<~q;~stf
1. . Der Board besteht aus vier Mltgliedern, von. delien'x
jewells drei ein beschluBfahiges Kollegium bildeno' . Die Mit",,:
glleder des Boards werden durch den Militiirgouverneul: ftlr~
einen Zeitraum' von mindestens einem Jahr ernlinnt.<Sie'
mUssen amerikanische StaatsbUrger sein und mUssen ' bel'
den hachsten Gerichten in einem der staaten ooer In ,den:,.
Territorien der Vereinigtim Staaten Oder in d~m Distrikt:
von Columbia mindestens fUnf Jahre zur Recbtspraxls:,
zugelassen gewesen seltl.. Sie mUssen ihre ganze ArbeitS'~::
kraft ihren Aufgaben als Mitglieder des Boards Wtdmen;7
Sie konnen aus Gesundhei.tsgrfinden Oder aus anderen aus:-':
,
.} Ausgabe J, S, 1-5
..) Ausgabe G. S. 1-25
,...) Issue J. pages' 1-5
,.tl Issue G, pAges 1--25
1
�r
"
1·, . '90vernor-:;'tor ',reasona' 'ofh,e81th:or: lor
,li"tl1eM1lltai-y
1:~; ~;ood, reasO~s. '.
:;!~~ :,.
. .
'H"
!
'relcheMen'Orilnderi durCh deri' ~llItA.rSouyernei.i.r"~1:
Dienste'lm'Board:'entlassen:werden:'
:":'; ,', ;,;~'
2. Der MilitargCluverneur ernennt einesder M1tgll.
Boards zum Prasidenten. Der Prasldent bestimmt di.
M1t~lieder, die 1m einzelnen Falle zusammentreten
verantwottlich fUr die GeschaftsfUhrung des, Boai'd
3. Der ,Board ernennt einen Rechtsberater,der
Fragen deutschen Rechts zti beraten hat. Der B(
berechtlgt, weltere Berater sowie BUroangestellte U1
waltungspersonal zu ernimnen, sowelt die$ zur Unteri
des Boards in' seinen Aufgaben notwendig 1st.
other
.
;/; - 2. The Military Governor shall appoirit one member of
. •(,:' the Board to serve as the ,President. The President shall
, , ,designate the' members to sit .In each case and shall be
:l/i.: (,4I'espopsible for the administration of the Board.
;:'~/i~;):a: The: Bo;yd .shill appoint a. Legal Adviser to advise it
i',,' on questions of Gennan law. The Board &hall have the
;po,we.r tQ. appoint.· addlti~>rlal .cqnsultants as well as, clerks
, :; . :and, administrative personnel necessary to assist the Board
'Ir~';::.'ll~~ihe· 'performance of its functions.
,' ,
·'lr.
:.::;~ ,;.:~?:':,
. ",
.'
III; Jurisdiction and Powers
!~'/i'ithe. .Board a petition for review of that decision· bas~ only
,
I
III. Zustlndlgkelt und Befugnlsse
.
h:;, ,I. '~y party aggrieved by a decision of the Civil DivlsiOll
,ki\~ofj'th!(Court of Appeals (Oberlandesgericht) may' file with
:, i~;+~~ll:the, ground that the"pecislon violates the law('
~,~S;.t?:~YAny 'party aggrieved by a decision Qf th~' Restitution
'l'~,G.Chamber may file with the Board a petition' for review of
!i{~;~e decision of the Restitution Chamber upon the following
'!.';~ueations only:
~
,&~~''';;i a. whether the findings of fact are supported by
:':':;::~;'"i',::;, substantial evidence;
1. Wer 8ich durch eine Entscheldung des' Zivlls'er
Oberlandesgerlchtes beschwert filhlt, kann. bel ,delT,
einen Antrag auf Nachprilfung der Entsd:leidungstel~
'Antrag kann nur darauf gesUitzt werden.. daB. dif
scheldung auf elner Verletzung des Gesetzes beruhe.
2. Wer slch durch elne Entscheidung' del' Wie
. machungskammer beschwert filhlt, kana- unmlttelbar I
Board einen Antrag auf Nachprilfung der Entscheldl
Wiedergutmachungskammer stellen, jedoch nur aUf fo
Grilnden:
a. daB die Tatbestandsfeststellungen nicht e
nUgendem Beweismaterial beruhen;
.
b. daB die Kammer das Ihr zustehende' Re<
, freien Ennessens miBbraucht hat; oder
c. daB Grilnde fUr die Annahme vorliegen, c
Kammer befangen war.
3. Der Board kann nach freiem Ermessen die ~
Ziff. lund 2 gestUtzten Antrage auf Nachprilfung lib
Die Entscheidung des Boards 1st endgUlUg; ein' v.
Rechtsmittel 1st nlcht gegeben. '
4. Bis zur endgUltigen Entscheidung tiber den AntJ
Nachprilfung kann der Board die DurchfUhrung del
streck:ung der Entscheldung des Zivilsenates des
landesgerichtes oder' der Wiedergutmachungskamme
setzen.
5. Der Board. kann die, angefochtene Eqtscheidun!
oder teilwelse bestlitigen. abandern oder aufheben; e'
die Vollstreckung der Entscheldung anordnen' odel
. seinem Ermessen den Fall ganz oder teilwelse 1
Wiedergutmachungskammer oder an den Zivilsem
Oberlandesgerlchtes zurilckverweisen, welche mit del
vorher befaBt waren.
.
6. Zwecks NachprUfung der Entscheidung gemac :
dieses Artikelsist der . Board berechtigt, Zeugen
Strafandrohtmg vorzuladen, die Vorlegung von B
material zu verlangen und ,Eideslelstungen abzunehmf
7. Der Militargouverneur kann den Board ersuche
Rechtsgutachten Uber von ihm vorgelegte Fragen zu er
wenn .er dies Ozur Beschleunigung der Handhabun
Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Mllltlirregierung oder zweck:s ei
Ucher Anwendung und Auslegung dieses Geset:ies fib
wendig oder wUnschenswert erachtet.
','f~~~~";:'::~::ir;:~::,: :~e::b:~ 0:,d::e::~r~:
r:'
Indicated;
. i. ,,3. The Board may, iri its discretion, refuse to grant peti...
:'~"
ilionsfor review 'under paragraphs 1 and 2, 'above. The
i', • :deciSion :' 9f the Board is, final and not subject to further
I ,review.
4.; The Board may, pending final decision upon the petl
" tion for review, stay execution of th~ decision of the Civil
I " Division of the Court of Appeals (Oberlandesgericht) or, the
, Restitution Chamber.
!,
r e .• , 5. The' Board shall have jurisdiction to enter judgment
L affirming, modifying ,or reversing,' in whole or in part, the
l'" decision reviewed and to order execution thereof, or, in its
i: ':dlscretion, -to remand the case or any part thereof to the
1 ; Restitution Chamber or the Civil Division of, the Court of
, !'" Appeals which had previously beard the case,
6. For, the purpose of the review .of a decision under
paragraph 2, above, 'the Board shall have power to sub
I . ,p,oena witnesses, require production of evidence and admin.
k'. "ister oaths;'
. ,
! ,"" 7, The Military Goventor may. if he deems it necessary
or desirable in order to expedite the administration of
I; '.Military Government Law No. 59 or to insure uniform
I ,application or interpretation of that law, request the Board
I: to' issue' an, advisory opinion on any question submitted
I by him.
I
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, IV:D.oolslons
I
IV. Entscheldungen
1. Entscheidungen; BeschlUsse, Anordnungen, Urteil,
>'.. 1. ,Decisions, rulings, orders,
judgments and advisory
Rechtsgutachten des Boards ergetien auf Grund Mehr
, I' , 'opinions ?f the Board shall be by a majority .vote of the
beschlusses der ~nwesenden Mitglieder; sle alle si:
,members sitting; they shall, be incorp!)rated in' written
schriftlicher Form zu fassen, auBer wenn der Boar.
bpinlons except where the Board refuses to review a case.
Nachprilfung eines Falles ablehnt.
" : , : 2. AIl opinions of the Board rendere~ under Article III
2. Alle gemaB Artikel III dieser AusfilhrungsveroI'(
I
,of this Regulation shall be published In a manner to be durch den Board erlassenen Entscheidungen sind in
1 ,determined by Military Government. They shall be published von der M!11tarregierung zu bestimmenden Weise zu
In English and German, but In' case of any discrepancy the offentlichen. Sie sind in englischer und deutscher S~
, ',EngUsh text shall prevail.·
.
zu veroffenUichen; im FaIle . .,on Abweichungen lsi
\;-'r'''';
.
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englische Text maBgebend.
" 3.N1opinions of the ,Board published pursuant to para
3. AIle' gemaB Ziff. 2 dieses, Artikels veroffentlichten
"graph 2 of this" Article shall, as far as they involve the
scheidungen des Boards sInd, soweit sie die Auslegun;
interpretation of Military Government Law No. 59, be blnd
Gesetzes Nr. 59' der MllitalTegierung betreffen, fUr
')ng 'upon' all German courts and authorities.
'. , '~'
deutschen Gerlcl}te und BehOrden bindend.
V. Practice and Procedure
V. Recbtsgang und Verlahren
proceedings of the Board shall be conducted in
Das Verfahrep vor dem Board· richtet slch nach Rf
:'8ccoroance with. such rules of practice and procedure as
gang- und· Verfahrensvorschriften, Wie ste der Board, je
·~he Board may from. time to time prescribe. The. m~tllbers
erUiBt. Die Mltgliederdes Boards konnendurch .die 'Pm
, '
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;:< cba1lti1\"ed..:, by.i; ,the ,~Parties: to .:.a
,oder dereD' RedltsbelstD.nde. ,ntcllt,")\ftbgelehnt: werdenj..~w,mn
....couriS'ii: ani:member;of'tlie BO~'vm~ 'eln ''MltgUed des Board$ der' A:dSrcht lsI; d~B, ea.
't for any reason' he may be' biased incolinectioll Verfahren aus irgendelnem Grunde b~fangen' 1st;
,:roceedlng\playdi~qualify hlmsel~.selbst ZutUcktreten. '
".'·c."
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••. -.••••. _
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~for reView under paragraphs 1 and 2 of 'Article III
,
may be filed only within the following
a:
Petitions for review under paragraph 1 of Article III
Regulation must be filed within one monthfro~ the
of service of the decision of the Court of Appeals (Ober
"desl:eri'cht,), or within three months it the aggrieved party
in a foreign country.
,b. Where an 'appeal under paragraph 20f Article 68
Mllltary Government Law No. 59 has been taken, petitions
review of the same case under paragraph 2 of Article III
Regulation can~otbe filed before and must be filed
the period specified in subparagraph a of this Article.
c. Where no appeal has been filed with the ClvU
of the Court of Appeals under paragraph 2 of
68 qf Military Government Law No. 59, a petition
review under paragraph 2 of Article III of this Regula
cannot be filed before, and must be filed within one
after, the expiration of the time within· which an
under' Article 68 could have been taken.
VII... Effective Date
''l'bls Regulation shall become effective Within the Laender
Bavaria, Bremen, Hesse and Wuerttemberg-Baden on
»August 1948.
.
BY. ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
" .
VII. Inkratttreten
..
Dlese Ausfiihrungsverordnung trltt am 10.· August, i9<i8 '
In den Lii.ndern Bayern, Bremen, Hessen und WUrttemberg,..
Baden in K r a f t . '
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MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND .',
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBmT
l\IILITARY GOVERNMENT..,.. GERMANY
. UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
VIERTE DURCHFDHRUNGSJn'1'
VERORDNUNG
'
REGULATION·
NO.4
t'
, zum Militarregierungs-Gesetz Nr. 4i})':,;,;.i:·.
',underMilitarY Government Law No. 61 .)
Pennission for Reicbsmark Transactions
to Correct DleliJal Payments .
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,6cercl~ of the' powers conferred by Article 'XXIV 9f,
., lime J, pales &-11 .
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VI. . Frlsten tar, den Namprtltungsantrar :: ,;';:'!i, .
Antrli.ge auf Nachprllfup,g gemliB 'Art. IiI, ZiU. !'l'UricfJ, \
dieser AusfOhrungsverordnung konnen nur' innerhhlb.der
foIgenden Fristen eingebracht werden:
'
< , ; : • it:
a, Antrii.ge auf NachprlifungL gemAIl <Art.• III•. ~iU.j;l .
dieser '.Ausfuhrungsverordnungmusseninnetbalb" eines
Monats oder, wenn der Geschii.digteseinen Wohnsltz lmAusi-.
Iande hat, innerhalb' von drel Monaten vom' Tage' der
Zustellung der Entscheldung. des Oberlandesgerlchtes eln-'
gebracht w e r d e n . '
'. .
b. Wenn sofortige Beschwerde gemiO : Art. . ;68, ':
Abs, 2 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militiirregierung .erhoben "::,
worden ist,' konnen Antriige auf 'Nachpriifung . desselhen :
Falles geml!.B Art. III, Ziff. 2dieser Ausfilhrungsverord
nung nur wiihrend des Laufes der in Abs, a dleses Artikels ,
erwii.hnten Frist, nichl aber, beV'or diese Fristzu laufen <.,
begonnen hat, eingebracht werden.
. . ' ', ..' , .
9
c. Wenn keine sofortige Beschwerde gemii.o,A.;.:t/a('
Abs. 2 des .Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Milltarregierung' bel dein 0
ZivUsenat des Oberlandesgerichtes erhoben worden ist; kann,'·
ein Antrag auf Nachprlifung gemliB Art. III, Zitf. 2.'
dieser AusfOhrungsverordnung nur innerhalb ~'lines. Monats .
nach Ablauf der Frlst, wiihrend welcher sofortYge Beschwerde'
gemliO Art. 68 zullissig gewesen wlire, nicht aber vorher
eingebracht werden.
. '
.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITl\.RREGIERUNb:
Law· for, Monetary Reform (Currency Law), the
Bank Commission hereby' orders as follow81
t,A. an exceptional t,ransaction as provided In Article VIII
~v,ot, the First Law for Monetary Reform and subject to
l~~;lina1 decillion by ,Military Govem,me~t, for a p~od of
~~two weeks after the effective date of this Regulation,
:' governmental tlnlts shall be pertnitted. to reverse illegal
'.transactions in Reichsmarks made by them .on or after
,;' 21 June 1948, as well as such' other transactions In
,; Reichsmarks which were made prior to 21 June 1948 for
;~ the purpose of anticipating expected provisions of the
, First and Third 'Laws for Financial Reform." Such
. reversal shall take the form of repayment of. Reichs
marks by cashless transfer'to the account of the govern
"1tal unit; which made the illegal or anticipatory
;sactlon.
.'A!! an exceptional trapsactton as provided In Article VIII
of the First Law for Monetary Reform, charitable asso
': 'elations and all other persons shall, for a period of two
. weeks, baye.· the riiht' to .voluntarily declare to. the
t~
......
<"i(l;e~l()t£b8
,
.
.
Sondergenehmigung fUr VerfUgungen
zum .Zwecke der RUckgangigmacbung uQlges:et2:IiChel
Zablungen
. Auf Grund der ihr in § 24 .
ordnung des Ge~d~esens
iUl:~~~ti~~:~~rs~ig~
Volll1lachten ordnet die. AllUerte
I.AIs AusnahmemaBnahme im. Sinne von § 8
.Gesetzes zur Neuordming' des: Geldwesens wlrd biE!rdUrc:h;-'?
1I'0rbehaltllch der endgUltigen Ent&eheidung. 'der ,~';.&'J..I.u'l'~
reglerung, den Gebietsk6rperschaften fiirdieDaQer vm:.· ...~" ...
. Wochen nach dem Inkrafttreteil' dieser
stattet, wlderrechtliche Verfugungen Ubel'
nach dem 20. Juni 1948 vorgenommen haben, ri1(:kgll.nl~1g
machen. Das Gleiche glIt fUr solcheVerfiigungen
geld, die sie vor dem 21. Juni 1948 in' F.r'IU'",rtlln
tigerkUkung' der lteichsmarkkassenbestande
korperschaften vorgenommenhaben.· '. Die
maehung soIl durch Uberweisung del" Relch;smlarlltbE!triige,
auf das Konto der Regierungsstelle geschehen, die
Altgeld widerrechtUch oder 'in',,1Jmgehungsabslcht- veI'f(l,;rt·,::
hat. .
"
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'2. Als Ausna~ema{lnahme 1m Sinne von § It ......'
Gesetzes zur Neuordnung des Geld,wesens Vilrd ME!mllt;
Wohlfahrtsverbanden una allen anderen Personen
Dauer von zwei Wochen das Recht elngeriiumt, del' .
lungsbank denjenigen Teillhrel' AltgeldfI\lth/lben . . mel(len.')
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A-f) r, . (I.Q I I Cr 4
IUJ k L~ U-rJ c:.C!.. (4e.. r'Y1
herei;ofore been appo.iiH6ii plltl'SUant to ·the pro:vrisiO'l1s of . 'zuvor gemall den Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Nr. 57t) der
Mhldbary Government Law No. 57,*) lin !i1.s ol1iJgWnal version
Militarregierung betreffend Verwalter fUr bestimmte Ban·
"OuStodiams :for. CertaiIn Bank OI1gBll1izatioos," !foa: l1he Deu1.
ken (in seiner ursprUnglichen Fassung) fUr die Deutsch!
sche Bank, Dresdn~r Bank and Ooanmerz Bank sha1l (Xllll
Bank, Dresdner Bank und Commerzbank ernannt wurden,
tinue d,n office. When a new eppaintment becomes necessary,
bleiben im Amte. Wenn eine neue Ernennung notwendig
such appodntment shatll be made in 1Jhe same manner as the
T
wird, so soll sie in derselben Weise erfolgen, wie die ur·
ani'gJinal appoin'tmentwas made.
tect
sprUngliche .Ernennung.
7. Each custodian so appodnted sha.J;I, manage, adJmlitnister,
lem
7. Der Verwalter mull das Vermogen der Bank, fUr die
preserve, maintain and safe~ard the property O!f the bank
er als Verwalter ernannt ist, beaufsichtigen, verwalten,
of wihi",h he has been 8jppodnted custlOldd'BiIl and mainbaiIn
pfieglich behandeln, unversehrt erhalten und. beschUtzen
aocumte rewrds and accooots thereof and Oif the 4noome
und mull hinsichtlich des Vermogens und dessen Einnahmen
therefr.om.
genaue Aufzeichnungen und Abrechnungen fUhren.
8. Eaclt custodian may, subject to the approvaJ of the
8. Der Verwalter kann mit Einwilligung der zustandigen
approprliate Land Gavernment and dn confOlml.ity 'Wiitlh the
Landesregierung notwendige und wUnschenswerte, mit den
praVlisions O!f tih1s iLaIw, ma·1re sucil chB:l1iges in the present
Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes in Einklang stehende Ande
management of the Bank in respect of w.hicil he !has been
rungen der derzeitigen Geschaftsleitung der Bank vorneh·
appodnted cusfu.di;an as may!be necessary or desira!ble.
men, fUr die er als Verwalter bestelIt 1st.
9. A custodian so BJppOdnted, 0900'11 not be sUlbject to the
control, direct or :l.ndLrect, of the present shareholders ar
9. Der Verwalter unterliegt weder der direkten noch der
dd'rectons .of 1Jhe baruk: in respect of whkih he has been
Indirekten Kontrolle der derzeitigen Aktioniire oder Direk·
p.t
. ap,poli:nted cuslbdJian.
toren der Banken, fUr welche er als Verwalter bestelit 1st
10. Anderungen der Namen der in Ziff. 6 dleses ArtTkeh "Res
10. Ohanges:l.n tlhe lIlames of tlhe hanks ~Uled in para
graph 6 .of .thlis Article whdch have heretofore been m:a.cle
angefUhrten Banken, welche von Ihren Verwaltern bisher lutk
by 'tJhe custodians .thereof, pursuant to lMiIlitary GGvernment
gemaB Gesetz Nr. 57 der Militiirregierung (in seiner ur· Cen1
Law N.o. 57 in its ariglinal version, are hereby l"atffied and
spriinglichen Fassung) vorg€ ' nommen wurden, werden hier·
1948.
confirmed.
mit genehmigt und besUingt.
tati'O
ARTICLE IV
ARTIKEL IV
r. p,
Regulations
Ausfiihrungsbestlmmungen
1.
11. The Mindster President .of each .Land, or the Land
11. Der Ministerpriisident elnes jeden Landes oder der men·,
von ihm bezeichnete Minister kann die zur Durchftihrun! shall
Minlister designated by him, may issue ,legal and admin~s
dieses Gesetzes notwendigen Rechtsverordnungen und Ver· presr
tratilNe regulati.ons necesS'a·ry to implement bh1s liaw.
waltungsvorschriftEm erlassen.
othel
FUin;
ARTICLE V
ARTIKEL V
posta
Repeals
Aufhebungen
was
12. MiHta,ry GGvemment Law No. 57, "Custodians for
12. Gesetz Nr. 57 der MiliUirregierung betreffend Ver· Age.n
Certain :Bank Or,goaniizal1ions" and Amendment No. 1 bhereto
walter fUr bestimmte Banken und dessen erste Abanderung Is reo
are repealed.
werden aufgehoben.
31 M.
ARTICLE VI
ARTIKEL VI
·2. :
Germ
Effective Date
Inkrafttreten
Govel
13. ThdsLaw d'S aWDicBlble <Wii·bbin the Laender af BavaI1ia,
13. Dieses Gesetz fin.det in den Landern Bayern, Bremen pursu
Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden and Bremen. It shB'U bewme
Hessen und WUrttemberg-Baden Anwendung.. Es tritt am and J
effective on 15 Apl"i'l 1949.
15: April 1949 in Kraft.
the p
BY ORDER OF MI:LITAJRY GOVERNMENT
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG or Fr,
by th
receiv
'--'-"'~-'----------'--------------------
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
AMENDMENT NO.2
~cei'v
31 Ma
II. Ef:
ZWEITE ANDERUN,G
to Military Government Law No. 59 **)
"Restitution of Identifiable Property"
des Gesetzes Nr. 59 U) der Militarregierung .
Riickerstattung feststellbarer Vermogenswerte
ARTICLE I
Paragraph 2 of Article 8 of Military Government Law
No. 59, "Restitution of Identifiable Property," Is hereby
repealed and the following paragraphs are substituted
therefor:
"2. Where in view of all the circumstances It appears
equitable, a juridical person or unincorporated asso
ciation other than a successor organization appointed
by Military Government shall be deemed a successor
. in interest within the meaning of Article 7 in regard
to a claim for restitution described in paragraph 1 of
this Article; provided, however, that where a suc
cessor organization appointed by Military Govern
ment Is entitled to a claim for restitution which has
been properly filed, no other organization shall be
deemed a successor in interest in regard to such
claim."
t)
tt)
in ;pal .
MILITARREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
3. '1
effecJ)h'
ARTIKEL I
Art. 8, Abs. 2 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militarregierung
"RUckerstattung feststellbarer Vermogenswerte" wird hier
mit aufgehoben und durch folgende Absatze ersetzt:
,,2. Wenn dies unter Berucksichtigung aller Umstande
billig erscheint, gilt eine jurlstische Person oder eine
Ul
nicht rechtsfahlge Personenvereinigung, ohne von der
Pursl
Militiirregierung als Nachfolgeorganisation bestimml
zu sein, hinsichtlich eines in Abs. 1 dieses Artikels be' Moneta
zeichneten RUckerstattungsanspruches als Rechtsnadl·
folger im Sinne des Art. 7; jedoch gilt in Fallen, in
denen einer von der Militiirregierungbestimmten
Nachfolgeorganisation ein ordnungsmiiBig angemelde
ter RUckerstattungsanspruCh zusteht, hinsichtllch die
I. In
ses Anspruchs keine andere Organisation ais Rechls· sentenc<
nachfolger."
Issue D, page 1
.) ISBU!
It) Issu,
.) Ausgabe D, S. 1
ttl Ausgabe G, S. 1
Issue G, page 1
... ) Issu,
22
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�The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not be
applicable to the' organizations referred to in Ar
ticle 9."
ARTICLE II
amendment shall be deemed to h,ave become ef
the Laender Bavaria, Bremen, Hesse, and Wuert
Ilenlberl!-·B~IC1e:n on 10 November 1947.
Bank,
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
:en, verwalten
nd beschutzc~
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
len Einnahmen
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
iihren.
er zusHindigen
verte, mit den
tehende Ande.
Bank vorneh.
,,3. Die Vorschriften der Abs. 1 und 2 finden auf die in
Art. 9 aufgefiihrten Gesellschaften und juristischen
Personen keine Anwendung."
ARTIKEL II
,Diese Anderung tritt in den Liindern Bayern. Bremen,
Hessen und Wurttemberg-Baden mit Wirkung vom 10. No
vember 1947 in Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
-------
MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEU~SCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
AUSFUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
NR.5
REGULATION NO.5
under Military Government Law No. 59 *)
kten noch der
Period of Limitation for Filing Claims
e oder Direk.
PurSlUant to Ntide 56 of MiJlitary Government Law No. 59,
er bestellt is1.
Iieses Artikeis 'Restitution of Identifia:ble Property," a petition fur resti
valtern bisher lution pursuant ro Law No. 59 sdlafLl 'be submitted to the
in seiner ur Centra[ F.it1i.ng Agency on WIr1iting on Qr :befo·re 31 December
werden hier
1948. P,ursUJant to Artlldle 92 of sa~d ,Laiw <and lin implemen
tati<>n of Article 56 thereof, dt us hereby ordered .as folloiws:
L Period for Filing
l. A pebition for 'resbiifJution. IP\lI1"su:ant 'IP tMd.1it.ary Govern
des oder der ment Law No. 59, "RestituUOtn of Iden'tJifi&bie Property,"
Durchfii hrung lhall <be deemed tD have been SUlbmHted <Withhn 1d1e p€I"iod
~en und Ver
prescribed in A·rlicle 56 if such (pIetitiDn or the eawelope or
other ,P8!Pers aooompanydng it W1hen received iby the Central
Filing Agency oieaI"ly Glrow by the officiail lI1otatiOlll of t1he
postal or telegNllph or U. S. diPIomatic lSuthol'i1!ies that it
4'
"
was posted or 1.'ecei,ved for dispatoh 1.0 the Central Filing
r~t ' i Ver Agency on or before 31 Decem!ber 1948, and suoh petition
Abctnderung is receiVledai the Central Flilling Agency :not Jater than
31 March 1949.
2. Pebitions rubmHted erroneously to the Brit~Sh Zone of
Germany p.urSlUant >to Gener!!!l Orders No. 10, M:iJdtary
Government La!w No. 52, or to tJhe Frenoh Zone of Germany
ern, Bremen, pursuant to Fren.oh MiJ.itary Government Ordinances 120
Es tritt am and 156, Sha!lI be de'erned to Ihave been 'eubmiitted within
Ihe pariod prescribed ;j·n Arbicle 56, provlid'i.ng 1d1e BrlUsh
or French aulJhordties cerbirfy that the peibitio:n. was recel,ved
GIERUNG
by them fur filling Otn or lbed'oce 31 December 1948 or was
received Iby them thereafter UII1der the conditions specified
in parnga:aph I, aibove, and ~n eilther event, such petitdon is
AND
receirved at tlhe Centr.a.l ·F,ui:n.g Agency not ilater tlhla..n
ET
31 Mardh 1949.
H. Effective Date
J
3. ThlIs ~gu,1ation shaH be deemed to h!8.ve became
elYecLwe on 10 November 1947.
ierung
IBY ORJDER OF MILITARY GOVERNIMENT
'""'
Iswerte
:iirregierung
wird hier
,etzt:
Umstiinde
1 oder eine
ne von der
I bestimmt
\rtikels be'
iechtsnach
, F?,H~n in
bel
;ten
an\ ~lde
::htliCh die
lis Rechts
zum Gesctz Nr. 59 der Militiirrcgierung *)
Frist zur Anmeldung von Anspriichen
GemaB Art. 56 des' Gesetzes Nr. 59 der iMilitarregierung
Uber die Ruckersltattung lfestste~1barer VozrmogenS'gegen
stande sind RiiCikerstattungsansprUohe lI1aoh Gesetz Nr. 5f;
bis spatestens 31. Dezember 1948 schrJrftiJich bed dem Zentra,l
anmeldeamt anzwne'lden. ,GemaB Art. 92 des genannten
Gesetzozs und ~·n Ausfuhl"ung seines Art. 56 wird hiermi.f
foJ..gendes a.n.geordnet:
I. Anmeldefrist
1. Riicker&tattungsalllspr,Uche n,aoh Gese'tz Nr. 59 der
Mi1d tarreg,le rung titber die >RUokerstattlllll'g lfeststeJ..1barel
Vermogensgegen'Standegelten l(l.Is innerih:ailb dell" jn Art. 56
vQr~sehenen Fr,ist .alllgemeldet, wen·n alUS e::Lnem dJienS'tl.iohen
Vermerk der PoS"t, der TedegraphenibuI"OS oder der amel\'~
kanisclhen diplomatischen Behorden auf de·r Arnmeldung.
ihrem Umsahlag oder oonsmgen ·sie bei 1h:rem Ein.gang be,j
dem ZentraJanmeldeamt be.gJeitenden Urk.unden kJar er
slohUich dst, daB dlie Anmeldung spatestens am 31. Dezemiber
1948 xurBeforderung an das Zenw.all!8.n.meldeamlt lawfgegebell
worden ooer einge'gangen j·st, lUnd die Ammeldu.n:g bel dem
Zentralanm~ldeamt spatestens am 31. Marz 1949 eingeht.
2. Irrtiimlfch dn der bI"iUschen Zone DeutschiLands gemal3
der Allgemeinen VerfUgung Nr. 10 auf Grund des Gesetze~.
Nr. 52 der M1'I:itiirreg.ierung oder ,in der lfI"a.nzosischelll ZOll1e '
DeutschIands ,gemaB den Verooowungen Nil". 120 u:nd Nr. 156
der Franzosiwhen Militarreg.ierung anl5lcmeldelte ~riioh€
gelten als innenha1b der ,i'n Artikel 56 vongesehenen Flrist
angemeldet. bills die .bI"itdschen oder iI"a.nzosisc:hen Behorden
beschein;i,gen, daB dtie Anmeld'llil1'g Ibeli dh.nen spates1;ens am
31. ~zember ,1948 ooer nach diesem Zeitpunkt IUnter den
in A:bsatz 1 an'gettithrten Urnstiinden ein,gegangen ist. und
die Anmeldu.n:g ibel dem Zenwalanmeldeamt spatestens am
31. Mlkz 1949 eingelht.
II. Inkrafttreten
3. Diese Aus£iih:rungsverordnOOig tritt milt Wdrlkung wm
10. November 1947 :in Kr.alft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIlj:RUNG
MILITXRREGIERUNG - lDEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
VIERZEHNTE DURCH
,FUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
REGULATION NO. 14
under Military Government Law No. 63 **)
zumGesetz Nr. 63 derMilitarregierung **)
Pursuant to Article 34, paragraph 4, of the Thfrd Law for
Monetary Reform (Conversion Law) it is hereby ordered:
PART I
Deduction for per capita quotas
(Article 4 of the Conversion Law)
ARTICLE 1
1. In the cases specified in Article II, Paragraph 3(1), first
sentence, of RegUlation No. 1***) under the Conversion Law,
Auf Grund von § 34 Abs. 4 des Dritten Gesetzes zur Neu
ordnung des Geldwesens (UmsteUungsgesetz) wird hiermit
verordnet:
.
ARTIKEL 1
Anrechnung der Kopfbetrage
(Zu § ~ des Umstellungsgesetzes)
§ 1
1. In den Fallen des § 3 Abs,,1 Satzl der Ersten Durch
fuhrungsverordnung zum Umstellungsgesetz*"*) hat die Ab
0) Issue G. page 1
U) Issue J. page 21
...) Issue J, page 34
»»
O) Ausgabe G. S. 1
..) Ausgabe J, S. 21
Ausgabe J, S. 34
23
�.
IILAND
EBI~T
>f.dNG
gierung
en des vor
egenheiten
MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND,
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
'UNITED STATES AREA OF ,CONTROL
AUSFUHRUNGSV£RORDNUNG
NR.6
REGULATION NO. 6
und~r
Military Government Law No. 59·)
zum Gesetz Nr.59 der Militiirregierung·)
Designath)n of a Restitution Agency with General
Jurisdiction, '
Pursuant to Article 92 of Military Government Law No. 59,
,egenhelten 1m "Restitution of Identifiable Property," and in implementa
ermhals vor tion of Articles 55 and 59 thereof, it ds hereby ordered as
im Slnne des follows:
109 bezelchnel
l. When it Is determined by the Central FllIng Agency
that a petition filed with it pursuant to Military Govern
den Uindern ment Law No. 59 does not coniain sufficient information
remen und im 10 permit transmittal of the petition to a Restitution Agency
g. Sie lrJtt am in accordance with the provisions of Article 55, para
graph 2, or Article 59, paragraph I, of Military Government
IEGIERUNG
Law No, 59, or any regulation thereunder, the Central Filing
Agency shalLJ(~m§mit said netition to the Amt fuer Ver
moegenskontroll'
ieder tmachu
W esbaden, whIm
LAND
is .
Y' granted ijurisdictIon over such petitions, so
BIET
warded, notwithstanding present regulations regarding
venue. The Amt fuer Vermoegenskontrolle und Wiedergut
~G
machung, Wiesbaden, is herewith empowered to take ap
propriate action, in accordance with the powers and com
~ierung
petency exercised by Restitution AgenCies, for the disposition
of such petitions, including reference to other Restitution
:rmogen von Agencies, as provided In Article 59, paragraph 1 of Military
Government Law No. 59.
~n Nationen
2. Decisions of the Amt fuer Vermoegenskontrolle und
Wledergutmachung; Wlesbaden, on such petitions are sub
oiL .Jeutsch ject to appeal in accordance with Article 62 and, 64 of the
oder unter der Law.
Chen AngehO.
3. This Regulation shall become effective in the Laender
Ier neutralen of Bavaria, Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden und Bremen on
rt. I des Ge
2 May 1949.
rte Fassungl,
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Kontrolle der
NR.4
r ,unterlassen,
len Kontroll
und Verwah
wie es die
!laufhebungs
1, die Durch- ,
GemaJ3. Art. 92 und in AusfUhrung der Art. 55 llnd 59 d
Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militarregierung (RUckerstattung fe~
stellbarer Vermogensgegenstande) wird folgendes verordn(
1. Wenn von dem Zentralanmeldeamt festgestellt, wi!
daJ3 ein dort nach dem Gesetz Nr. 59 der Militarregleru
angemeldeter Ruckerstattungsanspruch keine ausreiChend.
Angaben enthalt, um die Ubermittlung der Anmeldung :
eine WledergutmachungsbehOrde nach MaJ3gabe der Vc
schrlften der Art. 55 Abs. 2, oder Art. 59 Abs. 1 des Gesetz
Nr. 59 der Militarregierung oder einer AusfUhrungsveror
nung hierzu zu rechtfertlgen, so hat das Zentralanme1deal
die betreffende Anmeldung dem Amt fUr Vermogenskontro
und Wiedergutmachung, Wiesbaden, zu ubermitteln, das hie
mit fur die Behandlung dieser Anmeldungen fUr zustanc
erklart wird, ungeachtet derzeit geltender Bestimmungen
bezug' auf ortliche Zustandigkeit. Das Amt fUr Vermogen
kontrolle und Wiedergutmachung, Wiesbaden, wird hiern
ermiichtigt, geeignete MaJ3nahmen 1m Rahmen der ·Befu
nisse und der Zustandlgkeit von Wiedergutmachungsamte
zur Erledigung dieser Anmeldungen zu treffen, einschIiEiJ3li
Verweisung an andere Wiedergutmachungsamter, wie
Art. 59 Abs. 1 des Gesetzes Nr. 59 der Militiirregierung vo
gesehen.
2. Gegen Entscheidungen des Amtes fur Vermogensko
trolle und Wiedergutmachung uber- diese Ruckerstattun{
anspruche kann nach Mal3gabe der Art. 62 und 64 des C
setzes Einspruch erhoben werden:
'
3. Dlese Verordnung trltt in den Landern Bay ern. ·HessE
Wurttemberg-Baden und Bremen 'am 2. Mai 1949 In Kra
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILITXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCIIES KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
ZWEIUNDZWANZIGSTE DUReE
. FUHRUNGSVERORDNUNG
"REGULATION NO. 22
~nder Military Government Law No. 63 U)
:ontrbllgebiet '
lch ,MaJ3gabe
Regulation concerning Interest Maturity for Fixed
er KontrolJe,
.Interest Bearing $ecuriHes
ler Kontrolle
n oder einer
PU'1'SUlarit to .AJrlide 34 pamgraph 4 of the Third Law for
ler Kon-trolle
der Militiir
Monetary Reform (Conversdon law) it is hereby ordered' '<IS
g erlassenen
follows:
,
hat ein von
: Gericht auf
ARTICLE 1
mogenswerte' ,
1. 'In the case of fixed Derest bearing seouriUes embody
Ing ll.alblilities whlc'h hialvebeen converted into Deutsche MaTk
'erwaltungen
pursuant to the provisions of the Conversion Law, the
(ausschlieO
debtor may extend the maturities of interest payments origl
aden auf die
ruaUy fiailing due after July 20, 1948, if the nominal amount
igensverwal
I1f the securilti¢S does not exceed fifty Deutsche MarM.
2. Such extension is i>ennissible up to five YeaTS, in the
!i~:
·Bre
case of secuxities with a nominal value of fifty DeutsClhe
er~"alschen
Marks, however, only up to one year. Ion any case, interest
Mai 1949 in
Elhalilbecome due latest on maturity Of the oapital oHl8lbi:lity
embodied in the seculi\:tY.
JIE~UNG
Ernennung eines Wiedergutmachungsamtes mit
allgemeiner Zustandigkeit
*) Issue G, page I,
••) Issue 1. page 21
zum Gesetz Nr. 63 der Militarregierung U)
Zins.fiilligkeitsverordnung fUr festverzinsliche
Wertpapiere
Auf Grund von § 34 Abs. 4 do€61 Drittel1l Gesetzes liUr Ne
oo:dllllmg des Geldwesens (UmstelluIllgsgesetz) wird v€
ordnet:
§ 1
1. Fur festverzinslici1e Wertpapiere, in denen Verbiridlie
kelten veIJbrieft IS'ind, die naoh den Vorsch!l"ilften des UI
steJd,ungsgesetzes Quf DeUJtsche M'<Irk 'llmgesteLlt worden sir
dant der Sch'ULdner die zeita:bschtrlttefUr die naeh dem :
Juni 1948 fa·tlig werdooden Zl'lIiSZahlu.ngen verliingern, weI
der NelliIl'betrng der WertptaJpiere Ifunfzf.g DeUitsche Ma
nicht uberslJeigt.·
2. Die Ver!iangerun.g list zulass'ig 'his liU jeweils fii
J&lIren, bel WeIipajpieren im NeImlbetoog von. fiinfzi·g Pel'
sche Mark jedooh llIUr bis zu jcweiJs fmem Jillhr. In Jed!
Fa}le sind die Zinsen .spMestens bel. FalLLlgkeit dIer Kapitl
v.f::rbJ.ndlici:lkeit aus dem Wer1JpaJ;»er zu entrichten.
*) Ausgabe G,.s. 1
••) Ausgabe 1, S. 21
15
�MILITARY GOVERNMENT GAZET'TE
<GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
Published by
OFFICE -OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
AMTSBLATT DER MILITARREGIERUNG
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
lIerausgegeben von
OFfICE OF ~ILXTARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U. S.) .
,
(' J"Jssue A
,'~
1 June 1946.·
�Th(
Germ
legis]
by S
eao
111t.
Fo]
mear
Hess.
Inclu
StatE
all l'v
throl
appli
notec
comr
enac;
.i
T.h
date
s co
there
(Arti
COMPILED BY
LEGAL DIVISION
OFFICE
OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR QERMANY (U.S.)
APo
742
-'
ZUSAMMENGESTELLT VON
LEGAL DIVISION
OFFICE
OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
•
APO 742
1) .
�.~,
~~
~,
·~.
~,
,
PREFACE
VORWORT
The present issue, A, of the "Military Government Gazette,
:Ioermany" is intended to contain the MIlitary Government
._Iegislation applicable in. the United States Zone enacted
by Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, by
eadquarters United States Forces, European Theater
Die vorliegende Ausgabe A des ,,Arntsblatt der Milltlir
regierung, Deutschland"· soIl die gesetzllclien Vorschriften
der MIlitlirregierungfllr die Amerikanische Zone enthalten,
die bis Ende Mal 1946 von Supreme Headquarters, Allied
Expeditionary Force,i) ferner von Headquarters United States
Forces, European Theater und Office of Military Government
for Germany (U. S.) erlasseri worden sind. Urn die gesarnte
Zonengesetzgebung bis Ende Mal 1946 in eirier Ausgabe des
Amtsblatts zu vereinigen•. war es'notwendig,' diejenigen
gesetzIichen Vorschriften nochrnals zu veroffentlichen, die
berelts in Nr. I, Nr. 2 und Nr. 3 des ,,Arntsblatt der Militar
regierung, Deutschland" erschienen sind.
and
of Military Government for Germany
In order to have all of the Zonal
-Military Government legislation through May 1946 combined
In one issue of the Gazette, it has been necessary to 'republish
those enactments which were previously published in No.1,
No.2. and No.3 of the "MIlitary Government Gazette, Ger
-CU,
by
01f1ce
S,) through May 1946.
m.any".
'For p~s of this compilation, "United States Zone"
'-means the territory comprising the three Lander of Greater
Hesse, Wuerttem~erg-Baden and Bavaria, but does not
Include the Bremen-Bremerhaven Enclave or the United
States Sector of Berlin.i ) Effort has .been made to inelude
all Military Government legislation which applies uniformly
throughout the United States Zone, excluding enactments
applicable only in a particular Land. Finally, it will be
noted that "Military Government legislation", as used in
compiling this 1ssue of the Gazette, does not include
enactments of the Allied Control Authority.
The effective date of all legislation published herein is the
date stated in it as its effective date, or, if no such statement
is contained ·therein, the date upon which it is deemed to
'-have been promulgated, L e. the d_~e' of approval by the
>.!ssuing authority, or .the date on which the area affected
by it was first effectively occupied, whichever is later.')
"In case of. 8.tiy.dIscrepancy between the English text of
a Military Government Gazette and the German translation
~Ithereof as .publIshed, the' English text shall prevail".
~ (Article II, IS of Amendment to Law No.4.)
t G:E.RMANY (U.S.)
~VON
FUr die Zwecke dieser Sarnrnlung bedeutet der Begrift
.. Ame~anische Zone" das Gebiet der drei LAnder GroJ3
Hessen, Wflrttemberg-Baden und Bayern, nicht aber die
Enclave von Bremen-Bremerhaven oder den Amerikanfschen
Sektor von Berlin.~ Soweit als moglich sind aIle gesetz
lichen Vorschriften der Milltarregierung, welche einheitlich
in der gesamten Amerikanischen Zone !.It Kratt sind, an
getuhrt, . ausgenornrnen solche, die nur fllr ein besonderes
Land gelten. Ferner wird bemerkt, daB der Begrift ,,gesetz
Hche V()rschriften der MIliti.rregierung", wie er in dIeser
Ausgabe des Amtsblatts angewandt ist, nicht die gesetzlichen
Vorschrlften des Alliierten Kontrollrats einschlieOt.
Der Zeitpunkt des llikrafttretens einer hier veroffent
lichten gesetzlichen Vorschrift 1st der in ihr angegebene. 1st
. eine salche Angabe nicht erfolgt, dann der Zeitpunkt, an
welchem die PromUlgation als erfolgt anzusehen ist, d. h.
der Zeitpulikt der Bestatigung durch die gesetzgebende Be
Mrde oder derjenige, an welchem. das Gebiet, auf das sich
die ·,gesetzliche Vorschrtft .bezjeht, tatslicbllch bese1zt wurde:
entscheidend ist der jeweilige spitere Zeitpulikt.l)
•.tm FaIle elner Abweichung der 1m ,,Arntsblatt der MIlitiir
regierung, Deutschland" verollentlichten deutschen 'Ober
setzung von dem gleichzeitig VerOffentlichten engllschen
Wortlaut 1st letzterer maOgebend." (Artikel II, 5 der Ande
rung des Gesetzes Nr. 4.)
�.'
'
#tl6ev~ A
,
,~5;;;L
:Auf der Vorderseite aller Noten lst gedruclCt:
On the face of all notes are printed:
'
.<
(a) Tibe amount in· words - tihus: FUnfzig P1ennig, ElIne
Mark, etc. Also the amount, in figures
thus: " (on
the Pf. 50 note) 1 (on the M. 1 note), etc.;
(b) The words "Al'liierte MU1tarbehorde"
the top of
the note;
,
(c) The words "In Umlauf gesetzt in neutschiend",
"Serle 1944", and the serial nuniber of the note. On
the- notes for M.;W, 50, 100 and 1,000 ali of these'
appear twice.
The basic colour of the field on the face of all the notes
is Ught blue; an the ilck' !tis reddish brown.
(a) llJer Betrag in Worten, z; B.: Fiinfzjg Pfennig, Elne
Mark, usw. ebenfalls der Betrag in Ziffern, z. B.:
~- (auf der 50 Pf: Note), 'I (auf der 1 M. Note) usw.;
(b) Qie Wbrte "Alliierte MiliUirbehOrde" am Kopf der
Note;
• '
(c) Die Worte "In Umlauf. gesetzt in Deutschland,"
"Serle .1944", und die Seriennummer del' Note. 'Auf
den Noten Un Nennwerte von M. 20, 50" 100 und
1.000 erscheinen diese Aufsi:hriften zwelmal.
Die I- Gruzidfarbe de; Mittelfeldes der Vorderseite alier
dieser Noten ist hellblau; die Grundfarbe der Ruckselte 1st
r6tllchbraur
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - _GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
(
MILlT.iOtREGIERUNG - DEUTSClILA.ND
AMEruKANISCQE ZONE
-=at
j\.
GES£TZ NR. 52
LAW NO. 52
Abgeinderi
Amended
Blocking and Control of Propet1y
ARTICLE I
Categories or Property
Ii;
I,
Ii
i~
"
I·
j
-
I
i'i
ARTiKEL I •
Arlen von Vermol'en
1. VermiSgen, innerbalb :des besetzten Gebietes, das un
1. All property within the occupied. territory .owned 'or
mlttelbar oder mlttelbar, ganz oder tellweise 1m Eigentum
controlled, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, by any oder unter der Kontrolie der folgenden PerSonen steht, wlrd
of the following is hereby declared to' be subject to seizl;lre hie.rm1t hinsichtlich Besitz oder Eigentumsrecht der Be
of possession ortiUe, direction, management, supervision or schlagnalime, Weisung, Verwaltung, Aufsicht oder sonstigen
Kontrolia, dUrCh die Milltiirregierung unterworfen:
otherwise being taken into control by Military Government:
(~) das' Deutsche 'ReiCh oder eines seiner Liinder, Gaue
(a) The German Reich, or' any of the Liinder, Gaue, or
'oder Provinzen oder eine gleichartige staatliche oder
Pro\rinces, or, other similar political subdivisions or
kommunale Verwaltung, deren Dienststellen und Or
any agency or instrumentality thereof, including ali
gane. einschlieBlicb oller gemeinwirtschaftlicher
Nutzungsbetriebe, Unternehmen, iSffentlicher KiSrper
utilities, undertakings, public Corporations or monop
schaften und Monopolbetriebe, die durcb irgendeine
olies u~der the control of any of the above;
der vO;t'genannten Organisaponen kontrolliert werden;
(b) Govetnments, nationals or residents of nations, other
(b) Regierungen, Staatsangehiirige oder Einwobner von
Staaten, mit Ausnabme des Deutschen. Reiches, die
than Germany which have been at war, with any 01
sich mit einem Mitglied der Vereinigten Nationen zu
the United Nations at any time since September I,
lrgendeinem Zeitpunkt selt dern 1. September 1939
1939, and governments, nationals or residents of terrI
1m Kriegszustande befanden, und Reglenmgen, Staats
tories which have been occupied since that date by
angehiSrige und Einwobner von Lijndern, die seit die
sern Tage von den vorgenannten Staaten oder' von
such nations or by 'Germany;
Deutschland besetzt waren;
(c) The NSDAP, an offices, departments, agenci~ and
(c) die NSDAP,deren Amter und Stellen; Formationen
organizaijons forming part of, attached to, or con
und Organisationen, die zur 'NSDAP gehtlren, der
NSDAP angeschlossen sind oder von ihr betreut wer
trolled· by it; their offigials and. such of their leading'
den; deren Beamte. und (ijejenigen ihrer leitenden
members or supporters as may be specified, by Mill,;.
Mitglieder oder'Anhiinger, die von der Milltiirregie
tary Government,
rung bezelchnet werden;
(d) alIa Personen so, lange als sie von, der Milltiirregie
(d) All persons- whill! held under detention or 'any other
rung1n Haft oder sonstwie in Verwahrtmg gehalten
tyPE! of custody by Military Governinent; .
werden;
,
(e) alle Organisationen, Klubs oder andere Verelnigun
(e) All organizations" clubs or other associations .pI'Qhib
gen. die von derMiUtirregierung verbotenoder' auf
ited or dissolved. by Military Government;
. gel5st werden;
(f)·) abwesende I.'.igentUmer nichtdeutscher' StaatsangehiS
(f)·) Absentee owners of non-Gennan Nationality, includ
. rlgkelt, elnschliesslich Vereinlgte Nationen und neu
ing United Nations and neutral governments, and Ger':'
traia Regierungen, sowie Deutsche 'ausserhalb Deutsch':
mans outsfde of Gennany;
lands;'
,
(g) alle ande.ren Persbnen, die von der MiJiUiiregierung
(g) All other persons specified by MIlitary Government
dutch Ver6ffentlichung in Listen oder auf andere
by inclusion in lists or otherwise.
Weise bezp..1cbnet werden.
2.·) Der Beschlagnabme hinsichtllch des Besitz- oder Eigen
2.·) ProPerty which has been the subject of transfer under
tumsrechtes,
duress, wrongful acts of confiscation, dispossessfon or spo- Kontrolle ist Welsung, Verwaltung. Aufsicht oder sonstigen
auch Vennogen unterworfen, das unter Zwang
'lation, whether pursuant to legislation or by procedures oder Drohung "f.ibertragen oder rechtswidrig dem Eigen
lrportlng to follow forms of Jawor otherwise, is hereby turner oder Besltzer entzogen oder erbeutet worden ist, ohne
declared to be equally subject to seizure of. possession or Rucksicht darauf, ob diese Handlungen in Anwendung von
Wege von Verfahren, die
R:echtssiitzen
tille, direction, manat~'rnent, supervision or otherwise being des Rech~ zuoder 1m' vorgaben oder in sonstiger den Schein
wahren
Weise vor
taken mto control by MilitarY Government.
genommen wurden."
.) Par 1
I'
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen
(t)
e) par I (I) und Par 2 trat~ am U . .1uly 1945 In Kratt (Vill.
Par. a der AndeNna des Oesetzes Nr. 52; Selle 21)
and Par. 2 became effective U .1l.1ly IIIU (see Par. :I
Law No. '2; pa,e 21)
ot Amendment to
24
�:g, Eine .
, z. B.:
e) u"W.;
o~
:e aller
!eite 1st
las Ul)
gentwn
It, wird
er Be
,nstigen
" Gaue
Ie oder
nd Or
ftlicher
nirper
end~il'le
v(
.1
es,' die
nen zu
lr 1939'
Staats..
ut die
er von
Iltionen
der
It wer
itenden
rregie
n.
rregle
!halten
:nigun
~
auf
ngehO
J neu
~utscb':
Eigen
:lStlgen
Zwang
Eigen
~, ohne
19 von
Sc?" '..,
ie(
ft (viti.
I
-
n
Prohibited Transactions
'ARTIKEL D
Verboieno Handlu.ocen
3., Sofern nicht nachstehend 'etwas 'anderes bestimmt i
3. Except as hereinafter provided. or when licensed or
otherwise authorized or directed by Military Government, oder sofern. nicht die MiliUirregierung ihre Ermachtigur,
oder Anweisung dazu ertellt hat, darf niemand Vermtigc
~o person shall imPOrt. acquire or receiVle, deal In. sell, lease, . d~r nachbezeichneten Art einfilhren, ery."erben, in Empfar
transfer, exPOrt. hypothecate or otherwise.dispose of, destroy ne~en, damit handeIn. es verkaufen, vermieten, ubertrage
ausfilhren, belasten. oder sonstwie darilber verfilgen. es ze,
or surrender possession, custody or control of any property:
sW,:en oder den Besltz, die Verwahrung oder die Kontrol
darilber aufgeben:
(a) Enumerl'l-ted in Article I hereof;
(a) .Vermogen, das in Artikel I aufgezablt 1st;
(b) Owned or controlled by any Kreis, munlclpality, or
(b) 'Verm6gen im Eigentum oder 'linter der Kontrolle ein
other siniUar political subdivision;
Krelses. einer Gemeinde oder einer sonstigen staa
lichen oder kommunalen Verwaltung;
(c) Owned or controlled by any institution dedicated to
(c) Vermogen 1m Eigentum oder unter der Kontrolle ein
public worship, charity, education. the arts and
Institution, dile dem CSfientliehen Gottesdienst, d£
sciences;.
Wohlfa'brt, der Erztehung, der Kunst oder den Wisse
schaften gewidmet 1st;
.
(d) Wh1ch·is a work of art or cultural material of value
or importance, regardless of the ownership or control , (4) Kunstbesitzund wertvolle oder bedeutende Kult~
gegensUinde ohne Rueksicht auf Eigentum oder Ko,
thereoL
trolle.
.
,
ARTICLEW
ARTIKEL m
IlesponslbWtles lor Property
Verpftlchtu.ogen ~cbtUcb der Verwaltung des Venn6ge
4. Alle Verwahrer, Pfleger, Amtspersonen oder and(
4, All, custodians, curatorS. officials, or other persons
Personen, die Vermogen der in Artikel'I ode:r II aufgezaJ
haVing possession, Custody or control of property enumer
ten Art in Besitz,in Verwahrung oder unter KontrO
ated In Articles I or II hereof are fequlred:
haben, unterliegen den folgenden Verpflichtungen: .
(a)
(I) Sie miissen das VermCSgen oath den Weisung
(a)
(I) To hold the same. subject tQ the directions. of
der 'Militarregierung verwalten und diirfen ~
. the Military .Government and, pending such di
\
zum Erlass dieser Welsung diese,<J VermCSgen ~
rection, not to transfer, deliver or otherwise dis
,
der ubertragen noch aushiindigen noch ana.
weltig darilber verfugen;
,
pose of the same;
.
(II) sie mUssen das Vermogen pfleglich behande
(II) To preserVe, maintain and safeguard, and not to
unversehrt erhald~n und beschiitzen und diiIi
cause or permit any action which willimpalr the
nichts unternehmen, das den Wert oder '
Brauchbarkeit derartigen Vermogens beeintral
value or utility of such property;
tigt, ,noch derartige Handlungen durch Dritte ,
(III) T o maintain ,accurate records and accounts with
lassen;
,
(III,sie musSen hinsichtlich des Vermogens und d
respe:.:t ,thereto and the income thereoL
sen Einnahmen genaue Aufzeichnungen fOhl
(b) When and as 4J,rected by MUitary Government:
und· Abrechnungen aufstellen;
(b) sie mUssen nach Massgabe der Weisungen der Millt
(I) To ijle reports furnishing such data as may be
regie:rung:
'
required with respect to such property and all
(I) Berichteeinreichen und darin die hfnslchti
'x:eceipts and expenditures received or made In
dieses Vermogens verlangten Angaben mach
connection tlrerewith;
sowie alle hinslchtl1ch des'Vermogens empfan
nen Einnabmen und gemachten Ausgaben a
(II) T o transfer and deliver custodY. possession or
~nj
,
control of· such property ana all boolQl, records
(II) die Verwahrung, den Besitz oder die Kontr.
solcben Vermogens und alle darauf beziiglic/
and accounts relating thereto; and
Bucher, Aufzeichnungen .und Abrechnun,
(tn) To account for the property and all income and
tibertragen und aushiindigen; und
products thereoL
(III) tiber das Vermogen, aile Einnahmen und
daraus erzlelten FrUchte Rechenschafl ableger
5. No person sh8n do, cause or permit to ~ done any
5. Nlemand 'SOil eine Handlung oder Unteriassung
act of .commission or omission which reSults in damage to gehen, verursachen, noch durch Dritte zulassen, sofern h;
or concealment of, any of the properties covered by this law, durch Vermogen, das den Bestimmungen dleses Gese'
unterliegt, beschiidigt oder verheimlicht wlrd.
'
ARTICLE lV
ARTIKEL n·
,~
:hIand.··
teo AU1
.00 und
ef~
ARTICLE
I
I
Operation 01 Business Enterprises and Government Property
Betrieb gescbiltUcber Unternehplen und Benutzunf
Illentllcber VermOgen
6. Unless otherwtse directed and subject to such further
IimitaUon'as may be impOsed by Military Government:
6. Vorbehaltiich anderweitiger Anordnungen und welt,
(a) Any business enterprise subject to control under t'his Beschriinkungen, die von der Militlirregierung erlassen v
den konnen, wird folgendes besti'mmt:
.
law may engage in all transactions ordinarily inci
- (a) Jedes, gescbifWche Unternehmen, das der Kont!
dental to the .normal conduct of Its business activities
auf Grund dleses Gesetzes unterliegt" kann alle
schlifte', eingehen, die normalerWeise der ordentl1(
within o~pled Germany provided that such business
, . Geschll.ftstatlgkeit innerhalb des besetzten' Geb:
enterprise shall not engage In any transaction :which,
DeutsChlands entsprechen, vorausgesetzt, daB das
directiy or -indirectly, substantially diminishes or im
ternehmen nicht GeschJifte eingeht, die unmitte
perils the assets of such enterprise or otherwtse pre
oder mittelbar die Werle des Unternehmens erhet
vermindel'I\ oder geflihrden oder sonst dessen fil
judicially affects its financial' pOSition and provided '
zielle Lage nachteilig beelnflusseh. Diese Bestimn
tu:.r:her that thiS· does not authorize any, transaction'
ermlichtigt Dieht zur Elnphung von Ges,*iiften,
whi~ is prohibited for any reason other ,than the'
aWf anderen ais. auf diesem Gesetz beruhenden 9
issuance'of this law;
den verboten sind.
�j
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(tiJ... Property described in Article· I, 1 (a) shall be used
(b) Solem nicht die "Mllitlirregierung ein Verbot erliisst,
for its nonnal purposes except as,otil.erwise proMbited
by Military Government.
dart Verm6gen der In Artikel I, 1, (a) bescbriebenen
Art entsprecitend seinem normalen, Gebrauchszweck
ARTICLE V
Void Transactions
7. Any prohibited transaction effected without a duly
issued license or· ,authorization from MUitary Government,
and any transfer, contract or other 8JTanlilement made,
whether before or after the effective d;ite of this law, with
,the Intent to defeat or evade this law or f!he powers or ob
jects of Military Government. or the, restitution of any prop
erty to.lts right(ur ownel", !I; null And' vold.
ARTICLE VI
Conflicting .Laws
8. In case of any inconsistency between this law ,or any
order made undel" it and any German law the former pre
vaiL All German laws, decr~ and regulations providing
for the seizure, confiscation or forced purchase of property
enumeratCd 10 Articles I or II hereof, are hel"eby suspended.
I:'
I
"0
..
"I
II
II
j
I
i
i
ARTICLE VII
Def1nitio~
9. For the purpose of this law:
(a) "Pez;son'" shall mean any natural .person,' collectiye
person and any juristic person under public or' private
'law, ,and any government' Including all political sub
divisions, public corPorations" agencies and instrumenta
Uties thereof;.
(b) "Business Enterprise" shall mean any person as above
defined engaged In commercial,' business .or public
welfare activities.
(<;) '~perty" I!hall meap all movilble and immovable
propert:Y and all rights and Interests ID. or claims to
such property whethel" present ar future. and shall
Include, ,but shall not be limi~d' to, land and \~uild
Ings, money, . stocks-shares, patent ,rights Ol" licenses
thereunder, or other evid.eilceS of ownership, and
bonds, bank balances, claims, obligations and other
evidences of indebtedness, and works of art, and
other cultural materialS;
(d) A "National" of a state or government slW1 mean a
subject, cltiz~n or partnership and any. corporation or
other jUrIstic. person existing under the laws of, or
having a principal office In the ·terrltory of, such state
or goverment;'
(e) "GERMANY" shall mean the area constitutlng"Das
Deutsche Reich" as It existed on. 31 December 1937.
i
I
:1
:i"
benutzt werden.
ARTIKEL
v"
Nlehtlge Geschifte
7. Nichtig und unWtrksam 1st jedes verbotene Geschlift
das. ohqe ordn'P'gsge~ass .. erteilte Genehmigung, oder Er:
machtigung der Militarregierung abgeschlossen wird sowie
jede o:!>ertr~gung, jeder Vertragund jede Vereinbarung,
gleichgultlg ob diese Geschlifte vor oder nach dem Inltraft
treten" dieses, Gesetzes getlitigt wurden,vorausgesetzt, dass
die Absicht· bestand, die Befugnlsse oder Aufgaben der
Militiirregierung oder die Riickgabe von' Vermligen an den
berechtigten Eigentiimer zu verelteln oder zu umgehen.
ARTIKEL VI
Gesetzeswldersprilcbe
8. 1m Falle eines Widerspruchs zwischen diesem Gesetz
oder einer auf Grund desselben erlassenen Anordnung und
deD deutschenGesetzen, geht das erstere vor. AIle deut
schen Gesetze, i:rlasse und Bestinunungen, die Beschlag
nahme, Einziehung oder Zwangsverkauf von Vermogen der
In Artikel I und II aufgezahlten Art vorsehen, werden hler
mit ausser Kraft gesetzt
"ARTIKEL VII
BepHfsbestfmmungen
9. FOr die Zwecke dieses Gesetzes geltendie folgenden
Begriffsbestimmungen:
(a) "Personen" bedeutet jede natUrllche ~erson, Gesamt
handsgemeinschaft und jurlstische Person des offent
lichen oder privaten ReC;hts, ferner eine Regierung
einschliesslich staatlicher und, konununal~r yerwal
tungen, Korperschaften des 6ffentlichen Rechts,. deren
Dienststellen und Organe;
.
"
(b) "Qeschiiftliches Unternehmen" bedeutet jede Person
der unter (a) beschriebenen Art, die sich auf dem Ge
biet" des Handels und" de.r Industrie o.der der offtmt...
llchen Wohlfahrt betiitigt;
(c) "Verm6gen" bedeutet jedes bewegliche und unbeweg
1iche VermOgen sowie alle Rechte und Interessen oder"
AnsprUche auf solches Vermogen, gleichgilltig ob diese
fruJIg sind oder nicht. Es schliesst ein; 1st aber ntcht
beschrllnkt auf: Grundstucke urid- GebAude, Geld, Be
telligungen. Aktien, Patente, Gebrauchsmuster oder .
Llzenzen fiir dereIL Ausubung und andere Urkunden
zum Nachwel!; von Eigentum, SchuldverschJ'eibungen ,
Bankguth~ben, -·AnsprUche, .Verblndl1chkeiten, andere
Urkunden zum Nachweis von Verbindlichkeiten, sowie
Kunstbesitz und andere Kulturgegenstti.nde;
(d) ein "Staatsangeh6riger" Mne's Staates oder einer Regie
rung bedeutet eln Untertan oder Staatsbiirger oder
eine personenvereinigung. Korperschaft oder s!lnstige
juristische Person, die auf Grund der Gesetze eines
derarti:en Staates oder diesel' Regierung besteht oder
in dem (Jebiet eines derartigen Staates oder einer del"
. artigen Regierung elne Niederlassung hat.
.
le) "Deutschland'" bedeutet das" Gehlet d'aS Deutschen
Reiches. wie esam 31. Dezember 1937 bestanden hat.
ARTICLE vm
Penalties
10. An., person violatlng any of the provisions of this
law sball, upon" conviction by a Military Government Court.
~e liable to any lawful punisluilent. including death, the
":ourl may determine.
'
ARTTKEI. Vm
Strafen
10. Jeder Verstoss 'gegen die Bestimmungen dieses Ge
setzes wird nach Schuldigsprechung des Titers durch ei?
Gericht aer. Militarregierung nach dessen Erinessen mIt
jeder gesetzlich zuliisslgen Strafe, elnschliessUeh der Todes
strafe, bestraft..
ARTICLE IX·
ARTIKEL IX
Effective Date
Inkrafttreten
11. This law shall become effective upon the date of Its·
il. Dlesea Gesetz tritt am Tage seiner ersten Verkilndun8
first promulgation.
'"
in Kraft.
.
BY ORDER OF MILITARy GOVERNMENT
A
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILlT~GIERUNG.
.
"B"
to
an
or,
th
Nc
bl.:
�MILiTARY GO~'"ERNMENT - QERMANY
UNITED $TATES ZONE
MILITAaREGIERUNG - U~U'J.·z:;\;.w....A.I'II1J
AMERJKANISCHE ZONE
AMENDMENT TO LAW NO. 52
ANDERUNGDES GESETZES
Nr.52
erllss~'
)t
hriebenen'
Ichszwec~'
Blocking and Control of Properly
,"
~
~perre und Beaufslchtigung von Vermogen
1. Paragraph 1 (f) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der MiUUirregierung
. mit der 'Oberschrift "Sperre und Beaufsichtigung' von Ver"
.
mogen, 1. Anderung", wird wie folgt geandert:
'''(t) Abwesende EigentUmer
nichtdeutscher Staats·
angehorigkeit, einschlie13Uch Vereinigte Nationen unc'
neutrale Regierungen, sowie Deutsche auBerhalr,
Deut5chlands."
.
2. Paragraph 2 des Gesetzes Nr., 52 der Militarregierunr
mit der 'Oberschrift "Sperre und 11'eaufsichtigung von Ver
.
mogen, 1. Anderung", wird wie folgt geandert:
"2. Der Beschlagn/ilhme hinsichtlich des Besitz- ode!
Eigentumsrechtes, Weisung, Verwaltung, Aufsicht odel
sonstigen Kontrolle ist auch Vermogen unterworfen, da:
unter Zwang oder. Drohung "Ubertragen oder rechts·
widrig dem Eigentiimer· oder Besitzer entzogenodel
erbeutet worden ist, ohne RUcksicht darauf, ob dies(
Handlungen in Anwendung von Rechtssatzen ,oder in
Wege von Verfahren, die den Schein des Rechtes z\
wahren vorgaben oder in sonstiger Weise vorgenommel
wurden."
3. Dieses Gesetz tritt am 14. Juli 1945 in Krafl
'1M AUFTRAGE DEB MILITARREGIERUNG
\
GeSChatt,
oder Er~
rd, sowie'
inbarung,
, Inkraft
etzt, class
aben der
l an. den
:ehen.
:n Gesetz
lung und
He deut
3eschlag~
.ogen der
jen hier
1. Par. 1 (f) of Military Government Law No. 52 entitled
"Blocl~ing
~d Control. of Property~ Amended (1)", is
amended to read as follows:
"(f) Absentee owners of' non-German nationality, In
cluding' Unit(;.~. Nations and neutral governments, and
Germans outsJdeof Germany."
2. Par. 2 of Military Gov.erpment Law No. 52 entitled
"Blocking and Control of Property, Amended (1)", is amended
to read as follows:
"2. Property which has been the subject of transfer
under duress, wrongful acts of confiscation, disposses
sion or spOliation, wh~ther pursuant to legislation lor
•by procedures purporting to follow forms of law or
othe~ise, is 'hereby declared to be equally subject to
seizure of, possession' or title, direction, management,
supervision or otherwise being taken into control by
Military Governmenl"
3. This Law becomes effective 14 July 1945.
. ,BY ORDER OF· MILI'!ARY GOVERNMENT.
'olgenden
MILJTARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREA OF CONTROL
Gesamt~
s offent
:egierung
GENERAL .ORDER NO. 1
, . t.:.
,
:
~
nbeweg
sen oder
ob diese
.er nieht
-eld, Be
er oder •
rkunden
ibungen,
andere
n, soWie
r Regie_
:er oder
sonstige
eines
lht oder
ler del"..
te
'utschen
len hal
res Ge
rch ein .
en mit
Todes-
Un"
(
:t.
'(Gemass Gesetz ,Nr. 52 derMilitiirregi~rung;
Sperre' und K,on,troUe, von Vermogen)
I, . It is hereby ordered that, commencing from" the date of
ts.. deren
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG Nr. ]
(pur$uant to Military Government Law No. 52;.
Blocking and Control ·of Property)
.
Verwal~
! Person
de,... '1e
MJLJTXRREGJERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
DES OBERSTEN BEFEBLSBABER:
KOF~LL-GEBJET
. I. Es wird hiermit verordnet, dass Artikel IV des Ge'
setzes Nr. 52 der'· Militiirregierung 1m FaIle von. Organi
sationen, wirtschaftlichen Unternehmen, sowie' deren Ver
mogen, von dem Tage ab nicht mehr anzuw~nden ist, a
dem ihre Auflosung, Abschaffung oder zeitweilige Aufhebun
durch Anordnungder Militarregierung verkUndigt worden is
II. Das gesamte Vermogen aller hiernaeh aufgefUhrte
Personen wird hiermit von der ¥ilitiiiregierunggema~
Artikel I, § I, Absatz (c) und (g) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 dE
iMilitarregierung- allen vorschriften des· G:eset.zes Nr. 52 dE
Militiirregierung tinterwor!en; es dar! darUber nicht, verfUl
werden,es sei denn, dass eine Eriaubnis, Genehmigung OdE
Anweisung der Militarregierung oder des qesetzes Nr. :
hierfUr erteilt worden ist. .
,I. Alle Personen, die zu' irgendeiner. Zeit Mitglle?'
irgendeiner der deutschen Generalstiibe einschllessb(
der Generalstabe des Oberkommandos des Heeres, d,
Oberkommandos der Kriegsmarine oder des Oberkon
mandos der Luftwaffe oder des Generalstabskor]
waren',
, '
2. Minist~r, Staatssekretiire. und Ministerialdirektoren
allen Reichsministerien;
.
3. AlIe Beamten, mit Ausnahme von BUroangestellten, ;
irgend einer Zeit, seit dem 30. Jam~ar 1933, der Reich'
kanzlei der Prasidialkanzlei oder des Pressechefs d
Reichs;egierung;
,
4. Minister, Chefadjutant, Staatssekretar, Minisieria
direktoren, Leiter und stellvertretende Leite.r. d
Zentraliimter Amter· und Amtsgruppen des MIDlst
riums fUr RUstung uhd Kriegsproduktion, einschlit!;
lich derLeiter aller Haupt~usschUsse und Ringe;
5. AIle Reiehskommissare, ..Reichsbevollmachtigte, .Gen
ralbevollmachtigte und Generalinspektoren;
6. Landesn'linister, Staatssekretare und ,Ministerialdire
toren der Landesregierungen;
7. Oberprasidenten, Reichsstatthalter und deren A
teUungslelter;
8. Regierungsprasidenten;
9. Landrate;
10, Oberbiirgermeist.er;
anno~nce.ment
of dissolUtion, abrogation or suspension of any'
organizatIon or business enterprise by Military Government, .
the provisions of, Article IV of Military Government Law
No. 52 shall no longer apply to any such organization or
business enterprise or its property.
.
.
II. All property of all persons described below is hereby
specified by MiUtary Government in accordance with Ar
ticle I, J)aragraph'I, sub-paragraphs (c) and (g) of Military
Government Law No. 52, to be subject to all of the. provisions
)f Military .Government Law No•. 52, and may' not be dealt
with except .as licensed or. otherwise authorized or directed
oy Military Government or Military Government Law
No. 52:
1.. All' persons who have been members at any time of
any of the General Staffs including those of the Ober~
kommando des Heere!, the Oberkommando d,er Kriegs
marine or the' Obe-rkommando 'der Luftwaffe or the
General Staff CorPs.
•
2.. Ministers, 'State Secretaries' and Ministerial Directors
in all ReiCh Ministries.
3, All officials at any time sinae 30th January, 1933,
other than clerks, of the Reichskanzlei, Prasidialkanzlei
or Pressechef der Reiehsregierung.
4. Minister, . Chief Adjutant, State Secretary,' Ministerial
Directors, heads and deputy heads of departments,
sub-departments and agencies of the Ministry of Ar-".
mament and War-Produ4tion, including the heads of
, all Hauptausschiisse and 'Ringe.
5. All Reich Commissioners, General Commissioners and
Inspectors General.
6. Land Ministers, State, Secretaries and Ministerial
Directors at Land levels.
7. Provincial Presidents, Reich Governors and their dj!
partment heads.
8. Regierungspras~denten.
9. Landrate.
10. OberbUrgermeister. '
:RUNG.
27
I
•
i ·.. . . I ",
f
'
,
",
'!
�(
11. Reich Youth Leaders (Reichsjugendfilllrer) at' any time.
12. The President, members of the managing. bOllrd
(Relchsbankdirektorlum), m.embers of· the Belrat, and
all Reichsbankdirektoren .ofthe hea<t oUice (Berlln)
of the Reichsbank (Deutsche Reichsbank)j all members
of the local .advisory boards (Bezirksbeiriite) of the
regional Reichsbank BranChes (Hauptstellen, Stellen).
13. The boards of directors and 'Vorstiinde of the:
(a1Gold I>lscount Bank (DeutsChe. Golddlskontbank),
Conversion Oftice for German Debts (Konversions
kasse fUr Deutsche Auslandsschulden), Reichs
kreditkasse and German Clearing OUice (Deutsche
Verreehnungskasse).
(b) German Central Savings Bank (DeutsChe Giro
zentrale- Deutsche Kommunalbank): .
(c) Bapk der Deut3chen' .Ltiftfahrt, Hei:!res-RUstungs
A.G., RUstungskontor G.m.b.H., 'Deutsche Bau~ und
Boden-Bank, . Deutsche Industrieb8nk, Deutsche
Gesellschaft tiir 6ffentllche Arl?eiten ("Oeffa"),
Deutsche' Sledlungsbank, Deutsche Verkebrs
Kredit-Bank.
(d) The' following Berlin commercial banks: The "Big
Six" - Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, Commerz
bank.; Beichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft A.G., Berllner
Handels-Gesellsohaft, and Bank der Deutschen
Arbelt A.G. Also all members of the local lidvisory
boards of such banks.
(e) Prelissische Staatsbank (Seehandlung), B~rlln. Also
the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the board of
directors and the entire Vorstand of all other·
State commercial banks.
14. :ReIch Commissioners, Vorstand, and the boards of
directors of the:.
(Ill) German
Central Credit Co-operative Bank
(:peutsche Zentralgenossenschaf~kasse).
(b) Deutsche :Rentenbank-Kreditanstalt and Deutsche
Rentenbank.
.
15. All partners of the following private banks:
Merck; Finck und Co., Munich and Berlin.
Brinckmann, Wirtz '.und· Co., Hamburg•.
P.ferdmenges und Co., Cologne.
J .. K Stein, Cologne.
Delbrilck, von der Heydt w:J.d Co., Cologne.
DelbrUck, Schlckler und Co., Berlln.
Burkhardt und Co., Essen.
EIchborn und. Co., Breslau and Berlin.
Mtinchmeyer und Co., Hamburg.
\
16. All GeschllftsfUhre.t of Hardy & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlln.
17. Chairmen and Vlce-Chaltmen of the BoardS of Direc
tors and all members of the Vorstiinde of all commer
cial banks not otherwise wecified herein,havlng total
assets in excess of RM. 50,000,000.
.
18. Heads· of Reichsausschuss zum' Schutze des Deutschen
Blutes, Relchsstelle tiir Umsiedlung, Reichsver
sicherun'tsamt,. Reichsarchlv.
19. All officials or officers of the following Reich agen
cies:
(a) Office of _the Plenlpotentiary for the Four-Year
Plan (Beauftragter tiir den Vierjahresplan) and all
Subdivisions thereof.
(b) Supreme Cc:-nmand of the Armed Forces (Obet.,.
kommandc.. der Wehrmachl, i e., OKW).
(<:) Reich MIniStry for Public Enlightenment and Pro
paganda (Reichsminlsterium tiir Volksau.fk:Ul.rung
und Propaganda) and national, regional and
subsidiary offices.
(d) Reich Alr Mlnlstry (Reichsluttfahrtminlsterium).
(~) Reich Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories
tReichmninisterium fUr die besetzten Ostgebiete).
(f) ReIch Minlstry for Ecclesiastical Affairs (Relchs
ministerium fUr Kirchllche Angelegenhelten),
(I) European Office for Labor Supply.
.
.
(h) Reich Office for Spatial Planning (Reichsstelle tar
Raumordnung).
'"
(I) Rei~ Oftlce for Resettlement (Reichsstelle fiir Um
siedlung).
28
11. ReichsJugendfUhrer zu irgend einer Zeit; .
12. Der Prasldent, Mitglieder' des RelChsbankdirektorlums.
Mitglieder des Beirats, und &.lIe. Relchsbankdirektoren
belm Direktorium der Deutschen Reichsbank in Berlin;
alle Mitglieder del' Beziiksbeirate'der Hauptstellen und
Stellen der R!!ichban\t;
13. Die Mitglleder des Aufsichtsrats Und des Vor&tand~s:
(a) der' Deutschen Golddiskontbank, der Konverslons
kasse fUr deutsche Auslandsschulden, der Reichs
kreditkasse. lind der Deutschen Verrecl'mungskasse;
(b) der Deutschen Glrozentrale - DeutSchen KOIIl
munalbank;
: .
(c) der Bank: der Deut.schen Luftfahrt, der Heeres
RUstungs AG., des RustungskontorG.m.b.H., der
Deutschen Bau- und Boden-Bank, del' Deutschen
Industriebank, der Deutschen Gesellschaft fUr
6ffentllche Arbeiten ("OeUa"), de~ Deutschen
Siedlungsbank, der Deutschen Verkebl's-Kredit
bank;
I
(d) der folgenden sechs Berliner Grosspanken:
Deutsche Bank, Dresclner Bank, Commerzbank.
Reichs-Kredit':'Gesellschaft A.G., Berl1ner Handels
Gesellschaft, Bank del' Deutschen Arbei\ A.G.
Ausserdem aIle Mitglleder. del' ertlichen Beirate
dleser Banken j
(e) del' Preusslschell Staatsbank (Seehandlung), Berlin.
Auch del' Vorsitzende und der stellvertretendeVor
sitzende des Aufsichtsrats und der gesamte Vor
stand aller anderen staatlichen Kreditbankenj
14. Reichskommissare, Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat:
(a) del' Deutschen Zentralgenossenschaftskasse;
(b) del' Deutschen Rentenbank-Kreditanstalt und der
Deutschen Rentenbank;
.
15. Ai& Teilhaber del' folgenden Privatbanken:
Merck, Finck und Co., Munchenunk Berlin;
Bnnckmann, Wirtz und Co., Hamourgj
Pferdmenges und Co., KOln;
J. H. Stein, Koln;
Delbriick, von del' Heydt und Co., Keln;
Delbriick, Schickler und Co., BerHnj
Burkhardt und Co., Essen;
Eichborn und Co., Breslau und Berlin;
MUnchmeyer und Co., Hamburg;
16. Alle Geschiiftsfiihrer von Hardy und Co., G. m. b. H.,
'Berlin;
17. Vorsitzende und stellvertretende Vorsttzende des
Aufsichlsrats und alle Mitglieder des Vorstands
aller Kreditbanken, die mobt bierin erwabnt sind und
deren Aktlva im EinzeUalle den Betrag von RM
50,000,000 iiberschreitenj
18. Leiter des Reichsausschusses zum Schutze des Deut·
schen Blutes, der Reichsstelle fUr Umsiedlung. d<.,;
Reichsverlficherungs!Ullts, des Reichsarchivsj
19. Alle Beamtell oder Offizere del' folgenden Reichsbe
horden:
.
(a) Amt des Beauftragten fUr den Vierjahresplan und
aUe Unterabteilungen desselbenj
(b) Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW);
(c) Relchsministerlum fUr VolksaufkUirung und Pro
paganda und dessen Reichsamter,Zweigstellen und
nachgeordneten Geschiiftsstellen;
(d) Reichsluftfahrtminlsterlum;
(e) Reichsministerium fUr die besetzten O~tgebiete;
(f) Reichsministerium fOr kirchliche Angelegenheiten:
(g) Europaamt fUr den Arbeitseinsatz;
.
(h) Reichsstelle fUr Raumordnung;
(I) Reichsstelle fUr Umsiedlung;
(j) Akademle fUr das deutsche Recht;
(k) Deutsche Akademie, MUnchen;
(1) Reichsiirzte-, Tieriirzte-, Zahniirzte- und Apotheker
kammern;
(m) Amt fUr Forstwirtschaft;
.
(n) Relchspatentamt;
.
�Academy of German Law (Akademie fUr das
deutsche Recht).
(It) German Academy (Deutsche Akademie, Munich).
(1) Reich Chambers for Doctors, Veterinaries, Denti';ts
and Apothecaries (Reichsarzte-, Tierarzte-, Zahn
ante- und Apothekerkammern).
,
(m) Office of Forestry (Amt fUr Forstwirtschaft).
(n) Reich Patent Office (Reichspatentamt).
20. All members of every German Reichstag since
1st January 1934.
21. Reich Labor Trustees (Reichstreuhander der Arbeit).
22. The following officials of the Reich Food Estate: All
BauernfUhrer - from and including the Kreis level
up; Chairmen of the Central Market Associations
(Hauptvereinigungen), R!!gional Market Associations
(Wlrtschaftsv-erbande) and County or local marketing
associations (Unterverbande), Presidents of Regional
Food Offices (Landesernahrungsamter) and County
Food Offices (Ernahrungsamter); and their deputies.
23. All university rectors and curators appointed since
30th January, 1933, including heads of all institutions
of university rank (Hochschulen).
24. Members of the Supreme Court (Reichsgericht); Peoplt!'s
Court (Volksgericht); Reichsverwaltungsgericht; Reichs
kriegsgericht; Reichserbhofgericht; Reichsarbeitsgericht;
Reichsehrengerichtshof; Oberstes Fideikommissgericht;
Oberprisenhof.
25. Members of the Courts of Appeal (Oberlandesgerichte).
26.
Chief Public Prosecutors (Oberreichsanwalte, General
staatsanwiHte und Oberstaatsanwaite).
27. All members of the SS; all officers and noncommis
sioned.officers of the Waffen SS and SA from Unter
scharfuhrer up.
28. Hitler Youth officials and officers (l1la1e and female)
from StammfUhrer or MadelringfOhrerin up. :
29. Officials and officers of the NSDAP, down to Orts
gruppenleiter; directors, officials and officers of any
organization, institution, department, agency. ,office or
other entity forming part of, attached to, affiliated
with; or in any way controlled or supervised by any
organisation listed in Military Government Law No. ;;,
and of any of the follOwing NSDAP agencies:
(a) Reich Committee for People's Health Service
(Reichsausschuss fur Volksgesundheitsdienst).
(b) Reich Sport Office (Reichssportamt).
(c) Reich Genealogical Office (Reichssippenamt)..
(d) State Academy for Race and Health (Staatsakade
mie fUr Rassen und Gesundheitspflege, Dresden).
(e) All publishing houses and printing works owned or
controlled by the NSDAP, such as Phoenix G.m.b.H.,
the Eher Verlag, and all enterprises owned or con
trolled by any, of ' them.
(f) Association of German Organizations Abroad (Ver
band Deutscher Vereine im Ausland,' i. e., VDV A).
(g) Fraternity U.S.A. (Kameradschaft U.S.A.)'
(h) Ibero-American Ihstitute (Ibero-Amerikanisches
Institut).
(I) Wprld Service (Weltdlenst).
(j) Main Office for the Security of the Reich (Relchs
, sicherheitshauptamt).
(k) Main Office for Budgets and Buildings (Hauptamt
fur Haushalt und Baufen).
'
(1) Main Office for Administration and Economy
(Hauptamt fUr Verwaltung und Wirtschaft).
(m) The Hanns Kerrl Community Camp (Gemein
schaftslager Hanns Kerr}).
(n) German Fichte Association (Deutscher Fichte
Bund).
(0) Sturmabteilungen (SA), and all formations, sub
divisions and affiliated organizations thereof, in
cluding the SA-Wehrmannschaft or pre-military
training centers.
(p) NS-Kraftfahrerkorps, Le. NSKK, or Motor cOrps.
(q) NS-Flie~erkorps. L e. NSFK. or Flying Corps.
(r) Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend, i; e., HJ) and sub
sidiary organizations.
(s) German Christian Movement (Deutsche Christen
Bewegung).
(f) Neo-Pagan Movement (Deufsche Glaubensbewe
gung).
(j)
~torlums,
rektoren
BerUn;
!UeI)"und
1
~s:
rs(
versions
Reichs
l.gskasse;
'n Kom
Heeres
:>.H., der
eutschen
laft fUr
eutschen
.-Kredit-
sbanken:
.erzbank,
Handels
ei\ A.G.
Belrii.te
), Berlin.
nde Vor
ote Vor
ken;
t:
e;
und der
n;
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~,
\
.m.b.H.,
ode des
rorstands
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lion RM
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nd Pro
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mheiten;
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20. ' All~ Mitglieder jedes Deutschen Reichstags seit dem
1. Januar 1934;
,
21. Reichstreuhander der Arbeit;
22. Die folgenden Amtstrager des Reichsnahrstandes:
alIi'! KreisbauernfUhrer und hOhere BauernfUhrer; yor
sitzende der Hauptvereinigungen, Wirtschaftsverbande
und Kreis- odeI'. ortlichen Unterverbande, Prasidenten
der Landesernahningsiimter und Ernahrungsamter,
und ihre Stellvertreter;
23. AlleiUniversitatsrektoreri und -kuratoren, die seit
dem 30. Januar 1933 ernannt worden sind, einschliess
lich der Leiter aller Institutionen, die mit Universitiiten
auf gleicher Stufe stehen (Hochschulen);
24. Mitglleder des Relchsgerichts, Volksgerichts, Reichs
verwaltungsgerichts, Reichskriegsgerichts, Reichserbhof
gerichts, Reichsarbeitsgerichts, Reichsehrengerichtshofs,
Obersten Fideikommissgerichts, Oberprisenhofs;
25. Mitglieder der Oberlandesgerichte;
26. Oberreichsanwalte, Generalstaatsanwalte und Ober
staatsanwiilte;
27. Alle Mitglieder der SS; aIle Offizfere und Unteroffiz.iere
der Waffen-SS und SA yom UnterscharfUhrer aufwarts;
28. Bdimte un.d F:iihrer(tnnen) der Hitler-Jugend von
. StammfUhrer oderMlideltling.fuh'rerin aufiwiirts;
29. Beamte und Leiter der NSDAP, vo~ Ortsgrup penl l1!iter
aufwarts Direktoren, Beamte und Leiter irgend emer
Organisation, eines Unternehmens, einer Abteilung,
AmtssteIle, GeschaftssteIle oder einer anderen Stelle.
welche einen Ten ehler Organisation- bildet, die im
Militiirregierungs-Gesetz Nr. 5 erwahnt is~. ,dieser .an
gegliedert oder angeschlossen ,ist oder in lrgend emer
Weise von eiIier solchen Ube.rwacht oder betreut wlrd
\ sowie der folgenden Stellen der NSDAP:
'(a) Reichsausschuss ror Volksgesundheitsdienst;
(b) Reichssportamt;
(c) Reichssippenamt;
.
(d) Staatsakademle fUr Rassen- und Gesundheitspflegc
Dresden;'
.
(e) Alle Verlagshauser und Druckereien. die der NS
DAP gehoren oder von ihr kontrolliert werden. wit
z. B. die Phoenix G. m. b. H., der Eher-Verlag unc
aIle. Unternehmen, die Ihnen gehoren oder vor
ihnen kontrolliert werden;
(f) Verband Deutscher Vereine im Ausland, VDV A;
(g) Kameradschaft U. S. A.;
(h) Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut;
(i) Weltdienst;
(j) Reichssicherheitshauptamt;
(It) Hauptamt fUr Haushalt und Bauten;
(1) Hauptamt fUr Verwaltung und Wirtschaft;
(m) Gemeinschaftslager Hanns Kerrl;
(n) Deutscher Fichte Bund;
(0) SA (Sturmabteilungen), und alle deren Gliederun
gen, Unterabteilungen und angeschlossenen Orga
nisationen, einschliesslich der SA-Wehrmannscha:
oder fUr den Wehrdienst vorbereitende 'Obung~
truppen;
.
(p) NSKK (NS-Kraftfahrerkorps);
(q) NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps);
(r) Hitler-Jugend (HJ) und untergeordnete Organis;
tionen;
(s) Deutsche Christen-Bewegung;
(t) Deutsche GIaubensbewegung;
(u) Technische Nothilfe (TN);
(v) Volksdeutsche Bewegung.
30. Jede Person, welche ausserhalb Deutschlands zu irger
einer· Zeit seit dem 1. April 1933, im Dienste oder Au
trage der Deutschen Lufthansa A.G., tatig war; ur
jeder :3eamte oder Offizier, welcher innerhalb Deutscl
lands zu irgend einer Zeit seit dem 1. April 1933,
derem Dienste oder Auftrage Uitig war;
31. Polizei~rasidenten ur.d Polizeidirektoren und a:
Polizeiofftzicre vom ObersUeutnant aufwii.rts;
32. ABe Mitglieder der Sipo (Sichcrheifspolizei); der G
heimen Staatspo1izei (Gestapo), des Sicherhcitsdien$\
und der Grenzpolizei;
33. Beamten der Deutschen Arbcilsfront (einschlicssli
Kraft durch Freudc) mil dem Range eines Arbci'
fUhrers oder hoher, im Reich und allen Gauen;
' .
I
.
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'
.
I
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"
i
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!
.,
~
I
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(u)' T~scheNoth11te, I. e., TN.
(v)· Volksdevtsche Bewegung'.
30. Every person ·who,at any time since .1st April, 1933;,
has served the ,Deutsche Lufthansa, A.G., outside ,Ger- .
many and, every official ot officer who has served it
wlthiilGermany at any time ,since 1st. April, 1933.
.
31. Policl:i, PreSidents and Directors :ald all, Police officers
abOve the rank. of lieutenant' colonel.
32. All members· ot Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei),' of
Secret Police (Gestapo), Security Service (Sicher'heits
dienst), and Frontier. Police' (Grenzpolizel).
33. German ,Labor Front officials of the rank of Ar
beitsfUhrer and higher (including Kraft dmeh Freude)
at Reich and Gau levels;
.
3". Civill~ officials and military' officials, of the rank of
captaiil or equivalent or above, in German adminisc
tration of occupied. countries, and alI persons who
have acted as representativ.es of the' NSDAP inoc
cupied countries not otherwise covered herein.
35. Leaders, Chairmen, Presidents and their Deputies of
National Economic Chambers, RIlichsgruppen, National
Tr~nsportation Groups (Reichsverkehrsgruppen), Wirt
schaftgruppen, Gaq Economic Chambers and ·affillat
ed Economic Chambers.
"
'.
36. Responsible officers of th,e Organisation Todt.
37. AlI Wehrwii:1:Schaftsfiihrer.
38. President and all other officials of the Werberilt del'
Deutschen Wirtschaft and its component organiza
tions.·
, .
'
'
..
39. ,All directors and high officials of the RErlchsrundfunk
G.m.b.H. an(lthe ,D~tsc'hes Nachrichtenbiir.o~
.
40. .All managers, directors and officials of the Deutsche
Umsiedlungs Treuhand G.m.b.lL
"1. Presidents, Vice-Presidents .and Secretaries of' the
Reichskulturkammer, of· each subordinate Kammer
and heads of sections of each subordinate Kammer. '
42. Editors, assistant editors, directors and all other exec
utives.of all newspapers, magatines and other news
disseminating agencies owned or controlled by the
NSDAP or any organization, department, agency, in
stitution" office or other entity forming part of, at
tached to; affiliated with,or controlled by the NSDAP. '
43. AlI Ariltsleiter and higher officials of the Reichspropa_.
ganaaleltung.
.
.u. Persons. other than those listed above who' have, ac
cepted the Nail lionors of Blutorden, Ehrensold,
Ehrendolch.
, ' ,
45. All persons removed from office or position, pu~lic or
,Private, or arrested and held by theMllltai'y Forces
or M.ilitary Government and all persons suspended.
u:om office or posItion; public or private, by Military
Government for the time such persons are suspended,
.regardless' of .whether, or .not they are listed above.
III. 1. The specification, of the foregoing Persons shall be
deemed to include all persons who are now holding or
who at any., time since 31st December, 1937, have held
such positions and the nominees of any of them..
2. The specification of the' foregoing agenCies, organi
zations and other entities. shall be deemed to include
their successors, substitutes or nomin~es.
IV'- An used herein with respect to any stot:lt company
(Aktiengesellschaft, A.G.), any registered associatil>n (ein
getragener Verein, e.V.), and any limited liability company
(Gesellschaft mit beschrllnkter Haftung, .G.m.b.H.), the
term "official" .shall mean any' individual, whether an of
ficer or not, who is empowered. either alone or, with other,:.
to bind or sign for or on behaif of any of the foregoing (e. g.,
Aufsichtsratsm! tglieder, ~chaftsfUhrer, Vorstandsmitglie
del' or Prokuristen); with respect to GOvernment depart
ments or agencies the term "officials" shall mean all heads
',f departments, subdepartments, sections or other similar
. rganizational units. .
V. AlI custodians, curators, officials' or other persons
having possession, custody or control of any of the property
of the foregoing are required to comply With Military GOv
ernment Law No. 52.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
34.Z1vU- und MIliUlrbeamte mit dem Range elnes Haupt
manns oder einem 'arideren glelchstehenden. odeI'
h6her~n Range in del' deutschen Verwalttmg .del' be
setzten LAnder' und' alIe Perlionen, die. als Vertreter
<leI' NSDAP in tlesetzten IJindern aufgeu:eten Sind,
soweit dieselben In' dieser Vorschrift anderweitig
nicht erwihnt sind;
,
35. DieLeiter,~ Vorstlzende und PrliSidenten der Relchs
wirtschaftskaminer, ,der ReichsiJruppen, d~ Reichs
verkehrsgruppen, Wirtschaftsgruppen, G~uwlrtschafts
kammer.n' und angeschlossenen Wir~schaftskammern
BOwie .deren Stellvertreter;
36. "Verantwortllche Ofriziere der Orgadisation Todt;
37. Aile Wehrwirtschafts~hrer;'
38. Del' Vorsilzimde· und alle anderen Mitglleder des
Werberats der deutschen Wirtschaft und 'del' Ibm an
geh6rigen Organlsationen;
39. AlIe Geschattsfiihrer und Mitglieder. des Aufsichtsrats
del'· ReichsrundfutikG.m.b.H. und des DeutSchen
Nachrichtenbiir6s; .
40. Alle Leiter, Direktoren und Beamten del' Deutschen
Umsiediungs Tre¢land .G.m.b.H.;
41. Prasidenten, Vizeprasidenten und Sekretlire del'
Reichskulturkammer, Jeder untergeordneten Kammer'
und : die Abteilungsleiter " .jeder . untergeordneten
Kammer;
"
42. Redakteure, Hllfsredakteure, Direktoren, Geschiifts
fUhrer und Mitglieder des Aufsichlsrats aller Zeittln
gen, Zeftschriften und sonstiger dEli Verbreitung' von
Nachrichten gewidmeten Unternehmen, die del'
. NSDAP geh6ren odeI' von Ihr kontrolUert .werden,
odeI' irgend einem Unternehmen einer Abteilung, Be
horde, Amtsstelle, Geschattsstelle odeI' , sonstigen 01'
. ianisation, welche del' NSDAP angegliedert odeI' an
geschlosen lst, odeI' von ibt tiberwacht odeI' betreut
wird, gehoren;
43. Alle Amtsleiter und hahere Beamten del' ReIChspropa.:
gandaleUung;
.
.
44. Personen, die nicht oben aufgefiihrt sind und natio~
nalsdzialistische .Auszeichnungen wie den Blutorden.
den Ehrensold odeI' den Ehrendolch angenommen
haben;
.,
.
45. AlIe Personen, die aus Urrem Amt oder ihrer Stellung.
gleichgiiltLg ob diese of~nUich odeI' privat war, ent
lassen sind odeI' verhaftet und von den Streltkdiften
odeI' del' Militlirregierung' suspendiert sind, fUr die
Dauer ihrer Suspendierung, gleichgiiltlg ob fiie oben
aufgezillilt sind oder Dicht.
III. 1. Die Aufstellung vorstehender PersOnen schUesst
alle solche Personen ein, die Posten del' im vorstehenden
bezeichneten Art gegenwartig innehaben, odeI' sie zu irgend
·einem Zeltpunkt seit dem 31. Dezember 1937 lnne hatten. so
wie aile solchen Personen, die von Ihnen als Strohmiinner
ernannt wurden.
.
2. Die Aufstellung' del' im vorstehenden aufgefiihrten
Amtsstellen, Organisationen und anderen Verbtinden soli
,auch aile ihre Nachfolger-. Ersalz- oder Tochter-Stellen.
-Organisationen und· sonstlge derartige Verbtinde ein
schliessen.
IV. Das Wort "Beamter", soweit es in dieser Vorschrift im
Zusammenhange mit Aktiengesellschaften (A.G.). eingetra
gen~ Vereinen (e.V.) und GeS'ellschaften mit beschriinkter
Haftung (G.m.b.H.) gebraucht wird, soli alle Personen !!in
schliessen, die. ohne Riicksicht daraut, ob sie eine Amtsstel
lung innehaben odeI' nicht, entweder einzeln odeI' gemein
sam ermiichtigtslnd, Verbindlichkeiten zu Lasten des Ver
eins oder del' Gesellschaft einzugehen odeI' in deren Namen
odeI' Auftrag zu 'zeichnen (z. B. Aufsichtsratsmitglieder, Ge
schaftsfUbrer, Vorstandsmitglieder odeI' Prokuristen): 1m
Zusammenhange mit Regierungsabteilungen odeI' Amts
steUen soli das Wort' "Beamter'~ aUe Vorsteher von Abtei
lungen, Unterabteilungen. Am~sstenen odeI' anderen ahn
lichen organisatorischen Einheiten einschliessen.
V. Alle Verwahrer. Pfleger, Beamten odeI" andere per
sonen, die lrgendwelche vorerwiihnten Vermogensteile im
Besltz odeI' Verwahrung haben- odeI' die Verfilgung iiber die
selben ausUben. sind verpfiichtet, den Vorschriften des Ge
setzes Nr. 52 del' Militarregierung Folge zu leisten.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG.
80
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MILITAR.Y GOVERNMENT""; GImMAN'!
UNITED STATES ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NO. 2
Idt;
der des
ibm an
ichtsrats
eutschen
eutschen
ire der
Kammer'
ordneten
eschliftsZeitUn
ung'von
fie der
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, betreut
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Stellung.
lar, ent
itkrli!ten
fur die
liie ob<m
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tehenden
u irgend
tten, so
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:efUhrten
den soll
'-Stellen,
de ein
:hrift 1m
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nen ,ein
\mtsstel
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:' Amts
n Abtei
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:tUNG.
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR: ~
(Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
Blocking and Control of Property)
(Gemiiss Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militiirregierung;
Sperre und Kontrolle'von Vermogen)
'
Reiells
Reichs
tschatts_
,:ammem.
L1I1g,
MILlTXItREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G.
Whereas, it is the main objedive of the United Nations
to prevent Germany from ever again disrupting the peace
of the world;
Whereas, I. G. F ARBENINDUSTRIE A. G. played a
I)rominent part in building up and maintaining the German
war machine;
Whereas, through Its world-wide cartel system and
practices, I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G., as a deliberate
part of Germany's bid, for wodd conquest, hampered the
growth of industry. and commerce of other nations and
weakened their power to defend themselves;
Whereas, the war-making power represented by the in
dustries owned or, controlled by I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE
A. G. constitutes a major threat to the peace and security
01' the post_par world so long as such industries remain
within the control of Germany;
Whereas, it is essential to th.:=! abjectives of the United
Nations to take over the direction and contrel of I. G. FAR
BENINDUSTRIE A. G. and to seize possession of its prop
4lrty in order to bring about its destruction and the war
making potential which it represents; and
Whereas, it is intended that the property ~eized will be
placed at the disposition of the Control Council (Germany),
when such action is desired by the Control Council;
,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
1. All the property within the United, States, Zone in
Germany owned or controlled, directly or indirecUy, by,
I, G. FARBENINDUSTRIE A. G., a corporation organized
and e]\:isting under and by virtue of the laws of Germany
with seat and head office at Frankfurt a/Main, is hereby
specified under paragraph 1 (g) of Military Government Law
No. 52 to be subject to seizure of possession, direction, and
control by Military Government.
2. The direction and control of I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE
A. G. and. the possession of all its property in the United
States Zone are hereby seized by the Military Gov.ernor,
United States Zone.
.
3.' Pending the assumption of control of such property by
the Control Council, or an agency thereof, all the powers of
the Military Governor, United States Zone, with respect to
the property seized pursuant Iiereto and with respect to the
direction and control of the corporation are hereby delegated,
to the Deputy Military Governor, United States Zone. Re
delegation of any or all such powers is hereby authorized.
In the exercise of such powers the Deputy Military Gov
ernor, United States Zone, or any person acting by or under
his authority with respect to the property affected hereby
shall not be subject to German law.
4. In th:~ exercise of such powers the Deputy Military
Governor, or any person acti.ng by ('ft under his authority,
with respect to such property. shall be guided by the
general objectives stated in the preamble hereof and by the
following specific objectives, and will take such measures as
he deems appropri,ate, to accomplish them:
a) The making ,avallableto devastated non-enemy
countries of Europe anli to the United Nations, in accord
ance with such programs of relief, restitution and repara
tions as may be decided upon, of any of the property seized
under this order and, in particular, of'laboratories, plants
and, equipm~nt which produce chemicals, synthetic petro
leum and rubber, magnesiUm ahdaluminum and other non
ferrous metals" iron and, steel, machine tools; and heavy
machinery;
.
",1. G. Fa.rbenindustrie A. G.
,In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass das, Hauptziel der Ver,
einten Nationen darin besteht, eine nochmalige Storung de
Weltfriedens durch Deutschland unmoglich zu machen;
dass die I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. bei dem Aufbau un.
der Aufrechterhaltung des deutschen Kriegsapparates ein·
wichtige Rollegespielt hat;
. dass die I. G. Farbenindustrie A.' G. durch ihr Ober di,
ganze Welt verbreitetes Kartellsystem und durch ihr Ge
schliftsgebaren sich an DffutscHlands Streben nach Welter
oberung, durch Storung des WachstumS" der Industrie un·
des Handels anderer Nationen und durch Schwlichun~ ihre
Verteidigungskraft wissentlich beteiligt hat;
dass das Kriegspotential, das die im Besitz oder unter de
Kontrol1e der 1. G. Farbenindustrie A G, betindlicht! In
dustrie darstellt, eine erhebliche' Bedrohung des Frieden
und der Sicherheit der Nachkriegswelt bildet, solange 51
sich unter deutscher Kontrolle befindet;
. dass die Ubernahm~ der Leitung und Kontrolle der 1. (
Farbenindustrie A. G. und die Besitzergreifung ihres Ver
, mog,ens zur Erreichung der Ziele der Vereinten Natione
unbedingt erforderlich 1st, um diese Industrie und dam
daS\..Kriegspotential, das sie darstellt, zu beseitigen; un~,
dass die Absicht besteht, das beschlagnahmte Vermoge
dem Kontrollrat .(Deutschland) zur VerfUgung zu stellen. faL
dies von dem Kontrollrat verlangt wird;
wirq. hiermit folgendes angeordnet:
1. Dasgesamte Vermogen innerhalb der Amerikailische
Zone in Deutschland, welches mittelbar oder unmiUelbar il
Eigentum oder unter der Kontrolle der 1. G. Farbenindustr:
A. G., einer nach deutschem Recht errichte.ten und best(
henden Korperscha'ft mit Sitz und Hauptmederlassung 1
Frankfurta. M., steht, -wird hiermit laut Paragraph 1 (g) d<
Gesetzes der Militlirregierung Nr. 52 als der Besitzergre
fung, Leitung und 'Kontrolle der MiliUirregierung untel
liegend erkllirt.
2. Die Leitung und Ko.ntrolle der 1. G. Farbenindustr
A. G. und der Besitz ihres gesamten Verm0li;ens ~n <;ler Am'
rikaniSchen Zone Deutschlands werden hlermlt von de:
Militlirgouverneur der Amerikanischen Zone uberno~me
3. Bis zur Ubernahme der Kontrolle dieses Vermoger
durch den Kontrollrat, oder eine seiner Behorden, we~df
samtliche i Befugnisse des Mill tiirgouverneurs der Amenk,
nischen Zone' hinsichtlich des auf Grund dieser Anordnur
beschlagnahmten Vermogens sowie der Leitung und Kor
trolle der Gesellschaft hiermit ,dem Stellvertreter des M
litlirgouverneurs der Amerikanischen Zone ilb~rtragen, E
machtigung zur weiteren Ubertragung von emz~lnen, od,
slimtlichen Befugnissen wird hiermit gegeben~' Bel der, ~~'
ubung dieser Befugnisse sind der Stellvertreter d,esMlhta
gouverneurs der Amerikanischen Zone oder von lhm beau
tragte oder ermachtigte ,Personen hinsichtlich des betroffen(
Vermogens den deutschen Gesetzen nicht unterworfen.
4. Bei der Ausfrbung dieser Befugnisse dienen. dem Stel
vertreter des Militargouverneurs oder den von lhm beau
tragten oder ermachtigten Personen hinsichtlich di~ses Ve
mogens die in der Praambel aufgefiihrte~ allgeme:nen.o,d
, im' folgenden aufgefUhrten besonderen Ztele als R~cht~mlt
und diese konnen aUe die Massnahmen treffen, dle Sle z
Erreichung dieser Ziele fUr geeignet er~chten:
,\.
a) den verwUsteten nicht feindlichen eUropaischen La
dern und den Vereinten Nationen auf Grund eines Pr
gramms der' Hilfe, Rilckerstattung und Wiedergutmact!:ur
das diesbezilglich aufgestellt werden kann. auf Grund ~le~
Anordnung beschlagnahmte Vcrmogenswerte zur Verfugu
stellen, insbesondere Laboratorien, Fabriken und Ausriistu
gen zur Erzeugung von Chemikalien. syntqetischem 01. u
'Kautschuk; Magnesium, Aluminium und sonstigen NICI
eisenmetallen, Eisen und Stahl, Werkzeugmasohinen .u
schvveren D4aschlnen:
81
,
I
"
,
I
i
'
�b) aUe auf Grund dieser Anordnung beschlagnahmten
b) Destruction .of all property seized under this order
und nicht gemass den Bestimmungen des vorstehenden Ab
. and not transferred under the provisions of paragraph a)
satzes a) Ubertragenen Vermogensteile vernichten, sofern sie
above' if adap.ted to the production of arms, ammunition,
zur Herstellung 'von Waffen, Muni~ion, Giftgas, Sprengstof
poison gas, explosives, and other implements of war, or any
sen und sonstigem Kriegsgerat oder von Teilen, Zusammen
setzungen oder Beimischungen fUr die genannten Gegen
parts, components or ingredients designed for incorporation
stande geeignet sind und nicht zu den Typen gehoren, die in
in the foregoing, a~d not of a type generally used in in
den in Deutschland zugelassenen Industriezweigen gewohn
dustries permitted to operate within Germany;
lich gebraucht werden;
c) Dispersion of the ownership and control of such of
c) Eigentum sowie Fabriken und Ausriistungen, die auf
tne plans and equipment seized under this order as have
Grund dieser Anordnung beschlagnahmt und weder laut Ab
not been transferred or destroyed pursuant to paragraphs a)
satz a) und b) iibertragen, noch vernichtet worden sind, auf
and b) above.
.
teilen bzw. beaufsichtigen.
5.' a) The entire management of I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE .
5.' a) Die gesamte Leitung der I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.,
A. G., including but not l'imited to the supervising' board
auch einschliesslich des Aufsichtsrats, Vorstands, des Di
(Aufsichtsrat), the board of dir~ctors (Vorstand), and di
rektoriums und sonstiger beamteter oder nichtbeamteter Per
sonen, die allein oder in Gemeinschaft mit anderen er
rectors (Direktorium) and all other persons, whether office
machtigt sind, fUr die I. Q. Farbenindustrie A .. G. Verbind
holder.s or not, who are empowered, either alone or with
lichkeiten einzugehen' oder fUr sie odeI' in deren Namen zu
others to bind or ~gn for or on behalf of I. G. FARBEN
zeichnen, wird hiermit abgesetzt, aus ihren Stellungen ent
INDUSTRIE A. G. are forthwith removed and discharged
lassen und ihrer samtlichen Befugnisse hinsichtlich der Ge
and deprived of all authority to act with respect to the
sellschaft oder deren Vermogen enthoben.
corporation 'or its property'
.
b) Die Rechte der Aktionare auf Wahl der Leitung und
b) The rights of shareholders in respect of selection 9f
Aufsicht iiber die I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.sind auf
management or con~rol of I. G. F ARBENINDUSTRIE A. G.
gehoben.
are suspended.
6. Artikel IV des Ges.etzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierung ist
6. Article IV of Military Government Law No.- 52 shall not
auf Vermogen oder Unternehmen, die durch diese Allgemeine
be applicable to any property or enterprise affected by this
Anordnung erfasst werden, nicht anwendbar.
General Order.
7. Diese Allgemeine Anordnung tritt am 5. Juli 1945 in
7. ThIS General Order shall become effective on 5 July 1945.
Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
,
i.:
,
UNITED STATES ZONE
MILITARREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NO. 3
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR. 3
MILITARY GOVERNMENT -
GERMANY
(Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
Blocking aDd Control of Property.)
(Gemass Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung;
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen.)
Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G.
Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G.
\
Whereas, the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G., a banking
corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of
the laws of Germany with its head office at Berlin, is com
pletely owned by an official organization of the Nazi party,
the Deutsche Arbeits-Front, which has been ordered dis
solved;
Whereas, the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. has been
used by the Nazi party to consummate a large majority of
its more obnoxious financial transactions within Germany
and in countries temporarily under German armed dom
ination;
Whereas, the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. served as
the reservoir to hold Nazi party memberS' fees and other
~emi-eompulsory contributions and was used to finance the
economic enterprises of the Deutsche Arbeits Front;
Whereas,' the directors and management officials of the
Bank der' Deutschen Arbeit A. G. have been Nazi political
favorites and Nazi party officials and persoris who are now
prohibited from engaging in the business of banking;
Whereas, it is one objective of the United Nations that
Nazi party organizations of every description be eliminated;
In Anbetracht dessen,
dass die Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. ein unter deut
schen Gesetzen gegriindetes und bestehendes Bankunter
nehmen mit Starnmsitz in Berlin, in ihrer Gesamtheit Eigen
tum der Deutschen Arbeitsfront· ist, deren Auflosung als
amtliche Organisation der NSDAP angeordnet ist; und
dass die B.ank der Deutschen Al:beit A. G. von der NS
DAP dazu benutzt wurdc, den grassten Teil ihrer weniger
einwandfreien Finanzgeschiifte in Deutschland und in den
zeitweise von der deutschen Wehrmacht besetzten Liindern
durchzufUhren; und
dass die Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G. zur Ansamm
lung der' Mitgliedex;beitriige der Partei und anderer halb
freiwilliger Zahh.mgsleistungen diente und zur Finanzierung
der wirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen der Deutschen Ar'
beitsfront benutzt wurde; tind
dass die Direktoren und leitenden Beamten der Bank der
Deutschen Arbeit A. G. politische Giinstlinge der Partei und
Parteibeamte oder sonstige Personen waren, denen die Tiitig
keit im Bankgeschiift verboten worden ist; und
dass die Ausschaltung siimtlicher Organis<ltionen der NS
DAP zu den Zielen der Vereinten Nationen gehort;
wird hiermit folgendes angeordnet:
it is hereby ordered:
1. Commencing from the effective date hereof the pro
visions of Article IV of Military Government L<lw,No. 52
shall not apply to the Bank der Deutschen Arbeit A. G.,
(hereinafter called the Bank) nor to any of its property.
l. Mit dem Inkrafttreten dieser Verordnung finden die
Bestimmungen des .Artikels IV des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Mi
l;tiirregicrung keine Anwendung mehr auf die Bank de r
Deutschen Arbeit A .G., (im folgenden kurz Bank genannt)
sowie auf deren gesamtes Vermogen.
32
�j'
,,..
die aut '
laut At>
;ind, autI,
I,
de A. G.,
des, Di
eter Per
eren er
Verbind
Tamen zu
Igen ent
der Ge
tung und
:ind aut
erung ist
1gemeine
" 1945 in
:RUNG
~"~" 3
lng;
)
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT,
ter deut
nkunter
it Eigen
sung als
und
der NS
weniger
t in den
Landern
der NS
IM AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
MILITARREGIERUNG
FINANZ·ABTEILUNG
, Datum, I. August 194;
FINANCE SECTION
1 August 1945
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNG
Nr.l
GENERAL LICF.NSE NO. 1
Jlsamm
er halb
nzierung
:len AXtank der
,rtei und
le ,Tatig
2. Das gesamte der Bank gehOrende .oder von ihr unmU
telbar oder mittelbar, ganz oder teilweise kontrollierte Ver
mogen in der Amerikanischen Zone Deutschlands wird hier
durch zur Beschlagnahme, Verwaltung und Kontrolle durch
die'Mllltarregierung nach Art. 1 (g) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der
Militarregierung bestimmt.
3. Di~ Obernahme der Verwaltung und Kontrolle aUer
Niederlassungen, Buros und Filialen der Bank sowie die In
besitznahme ihres gesamten Vermogens und ihrer Guthaben
in der Amerikanischen Zone durch die Militiirregierung er
folgt hierdurch. '
.
4. Die erwahnten Niederlassungen, Buros und Filialen sind
am ,1. September 1945 urn 0 Uhr 01 fUr aIle Zwecke zu
'schliessen.
'
5. Slimtlichen Dlrektoren, leitenden Beamten oder son
stigen Personen, gleichviel ob im Amt oder nicht, welche
Vollmacht haben, entweder aHem oder gemeinsam mit an
dern innerhalb der Amerikanischen Zone namens der Bank
zu ieichnen oder Verpftichtungen einzugehen, wird ihre Be
rechtigung, Handlungen in bezugauf die Bank - oder deren
Vermogen vorzunehmen; entzogen, abgesehen von d~n in
Art. 6 festgelegten Ausnahmen.
'
'6. Diejenigen Beainten undAngestellten der Niederlassun
gen und Filialen der Bank, die von der Militarregierung da
zu bestimmt werden, zeitweilig noch in ihren Stellungen llei
der Bank zu verbleiben, haben alle B~sUmmungen der Ge
setze der Mllitiirregierung zu befolgen, insbesondere daf
Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung und .die Allgemeine An
ordnung Nr. 1 zu diesem Ge92tz: DaIiiber hinaus sind sie. fUl
diE' ErfUllung folgender Pftichten verantwortlich:
a. Sie diirfen keinerlei Geschafte irgendwelcher Art irr
Namim der Bank durchfUhren. '
\ Sie durien keine Auszahlungen zur Abwicklung d<!'l
,Einlagen bel der Bank oder anderer Verbindlichkeiter
der Bank vornehmen.
c" Sie dUrfen Zahlungen zum Ausgleich von Forderunger
der Bank von deren Schuldnern entgegenhehmen.
d. Sie haben aUe Vorkehrungen und erforderlichen Mass·
nahmen zu treiTen, urn die vorhandenen Bestande unc
, Unterlagen sicherzustellen.
'
e. Sie durfen Wertpapiere oder andere fUr Rechnung del
Kundschaft aufbewahrte Werte nur mit vorheriger Ge
-nehmigung der Militiirregierung herausgeben.
f. Bis zurn Ergehen weiterer Weisungen dUrien sie nie
mand den Zutritt zu den Schrankfachern oder del
Zugang zu Verwahrstticken gestatten.
7. Diese Allgemeine Anordnung tritt am 1. Septembel
1945 urn 0 Uhr 01 in Kraft.
2.' An the property within the United States' Zone ,in
Germany owned or controlled, directly or indirectly. in
whole or in part, ,by the Bank is hereby specified under
paragraph 1 (g) of Military Government Law No. 52 to be
subject to seizure of possession, direction, and control by
Military Government.
'
3. The. direction and control of all branches, offices and
agencies -oi"th'e Bank and the possession ot a:i:l:-tts-property
and assets in the United States Zo~e are hereby seized!:y
the Military Government.
-:--"""
'=r.=Tileseb~es and agencies' will close for all
purposes at 0001 hours, 1 September' 1945.
5. All directors, management officials and all other persons,
whether office .holders or not, who are empowered, either '
alone Of with others', to bind or sign for or on behalf of the
Bank in the United States Zone are'deprived of all authority
to act with respect to the Bank or its property except as
specifically authorized in Paragraph 6.
.
6. The branch and' agency officials and employees of the
Bank who may be selected by the Military Government
authorities to remain temporarily in the employ of ·the Bank
are charged with observance of all provisions of Military
Government laws, especially Military Government Law No.
52 a'nd General Order No. 1 issued thereunder, anjj in
addition the following responsibilities and duties:
a. They will transact no new b~siness of any character
'on behalf of the bank.
b. They will make no 'payments in liquidation of deposit
or other liabilities of the bank.
c. They will accept payments in liquidation of existing
obligations from the debtors· of the bank:
d. They will take all prudent and necessary measures to
safeguli\rd existing assets and records.
e. They will make no, ~eliveries of securities or other
assets held in safekeeping for the accout of customers
without ftrstobtaining the authorization of' the Mil
i~ary GO'VIii!rnment.
f. They will permit no access to safe deposit boxes or
articles left for safekeeping until further instructions
are issued.
7. This General Order shall become effective at 0001 hours
1 September 1945.
lden
:ofern sle
'rengstof_
Sammen
I (T
'n ~
~n{
In
ge., . ..&ll- .,
(Revised,
(Revidiert)
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der MiliHir
regierung
(Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen)
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52
(Blocking and Control of Property)
,
1. A general license is hereby goon bad pemllitting any
natural person within Germany whose prop£:rty is blocked'
pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52 to. make pay
ment, transfer, or ",;thdrawals or to order the payment.
transfer or withdrawal, from all his accounts in financial
institutions of such funds as may be necessary for fue actual
living expenses of such natural person and the members of '
his h~usehold, provid~d that:
.
'a, The total of all such payments, transfer, withdrawals
or orders therefor, does not exceed RM ,200 in anyone
calendar month, except that additional sums not ex-
1. Jeder nattirlich>~n Person in Deutschland, ~ deren Vel'
mogtm auf Grund des Gesetzes 'Nr. 52 der Militiirregierun:
gesperrt ist, wird hiermit eine ailgemeine Genehmigung erteil)
von allen Ihren Konten bei finanzieUen Unternehmen Geld
betriige zu zahl'~n, zu tiberweisen oder abzuheben, cine
Auftrag zur Zahlung, Cberweisung oder Abhebung zu er
teilen, insoweit als dies fUr ihren tatsiichlichen Lebensuntcr
halt und den Lebt~nsuntcrhalt der Mitglieder Hues Haushalte
notwendig ist; jedoch nur unter der Voraussctzung, dass:
a. Der Gesamtbetrag an~r solchen Zahlurigen, tJberw·:!j
sungen, Abhebunge;< oder Auitriige hierzu den Belra
von RM 200,- im Kalenderrrionat nicht tibersteig!. m,
der Massgllbe. dass zusiitzliche Belriige VWl nicht mch
33
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,
I
, ' I
, I
.
I
�ceeding ltM 50 per person per calendar month may be
withdrawn for each dependent member of such person's
hous~ld, up to a total ofRM 100 for ail such de
pe~dents, making a maximum possible aggregate allow
ance of RM 300 per household per calendar month,
:l
b. Payments. transfers and wLthdrawal8 from an account
in tJhe ·name Qf a person Who has been taken under de
~tion or other form of custody by Military Govern:
ment shall be made only.to a member of such persgn's
household. and under nEY circumstances to suob persOn.
2. ANY FINANCIAL INSTITUTION .EFFECTING ANY
PAYMENT, .TRANSFER OR WITHDRAWAL PURSUANT
'to THIS GENERAL LICENSE .SHALL SATISFY ITSELF
THAT SUCH PAYMENT, TRANSFER OR WITHDRAWAL
IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS
AND CONDITIONS OF THIS GENERAL LICENSE.
3. As used here<1n, the term· "hcmsehold" shalil. mean all
dependent relations residing wlth and !the natu~al person
owning or' controlling the blocked accouri.t.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVEltNMENT
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
GENERAL LICENSE NO: 2
Issued Pursuant to Military Governmelit Law.No. 52
(Blocking alid Control of Property)
1. A general license is hereby granted permitting payment
or transfers into accounts in financial instituti.ons blocked
pursua.nt to Military Government ·Law No. 52, ~'rOvtided
that:
a. Such transactions are not prolhibited by any law other
than Military Government Law No. 52;
b. Such payment or t.ransfer shall not be made by or .on
behalf .of or from the property of any person whose
property is blocked, except that a person, whose prop
erty ·is blocked may depoSit in his account in.3' finan
cial institutio'n pr.operty held by him outside a financial .
institution;
c. This license shall not be deemed to authorize any pay
ment or transfer to any blocked account other than tha,t
of the person who is the ultimate beneficiary of such
payment or tr~nsfur.
2. This l-icense may not be employed to authorize or make
any payment or trans.fer compx-ising part of a transacti.on
which cannot be effected without the issuance of another
uc~.
:1'
1M ;AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILIT){RRE,GIERUNG
FINANZ-ABTEILUNG
1 August 1945
i.' .
I
I'
al8 RM 50,- pro Person und Kalendermonat fUr jedes
weitere w1rtschaftlich abhlingige Mitglied d~ Haus
halte.!; . der betreffenden Person abgehoben werden
durfen,. wobei der Gesamtbetrag fUr aUe wirtschaftil1ch
abhlingLgeri Personen des Haushaltes aber RM 100
rucht uberstedgen darf, so dass sich' gegebenenfalls ~n
Hochstbetrag von RiM 300,- fiir jeden Haushalt und
Kalendermonat ergeben kann;
b. Zahlungen, Oberweisungen und Abhebungen von einem
Konto, das 1m Namen einer wn der Militlirregierung
verhafteten oder sonstwie ;in' Haft befind1ichen Person
gefiihrt wird, nur an Mitglieder des Haushaltes dieser
Person und keinesfalls an die Person selbst gemacht
werden durfen.
.
2. Jooes finanzielle Unternehmen, aas drgendwelche Zah.
lung, Uberweisung oder Abhebung auf Grun<:i diesel' allge
.m~inen· Genelh~i,gung du,rchfiihrt, hat sich vox-her zu verge
wissern, <lass eme derarhge Zahlung, Uberwedsung oder Ab.
h?bung im ELn;klang mit den Vorschri.ften und Bedingun~;m
diesel' allgememen Genehmigung erfolgt.
3. Das Wort "Haushalt" bedeutet in diesem 'Zusammen
hang die natUrliche Herson undalle wirtschaftlich abhan
,gigen'. Verwandten, die bei del' nattirlichen Person wohnen
der'das Eigentum an dem gesperrten Konto oder rlie 'Ver~
fUgungsg-ewalt fiber dasselbe zusteht.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Datum,l. August 1945
ALLGEMEINE, GENEHMIGUNG
NR.2
.ErteiU auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der MiliHir
I:egierung .
(Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen)
i. Eine allgemeine Genehmigung zur Vornahme von z.ah
lungen unct Oberwedsung.an auf Ronten .in deutsohen fin,an~
ziellen Unternehmen, die'auf Grund des Gesetze~' Nr. 52 der
MiLitarregier-ung gesperrt sind, wird hiermit erteilt, und
zwar unter der Voraussetzu~g. dass:
a. Derartige Gescha.fte ledjglkh durch das Gesetz Nr. 52
del' Militiirreg;ierung f·tir ver.boten erklart sind;
b. Eine solche Zahlung oder t};benv6Isung nieht von oder
fUr Rechnung von oder aus dem Vermogen einer. Per
son gemacht Wird, deren Vermogen gesperrt ist, es sei
denn, dass erne Person, deren Vermog·an gesperrt ist,
ihr Vermogen, welches sich ausserhalb' aines finanZliellen
Unternehmens befindet, '\\1i ihrem Konto bci eineJn
finanziellen. Unterriehmen hinterlegen darf;
c. Diese G~nehmigung nicht zur Vornahme von Zahlungen
oder Uberweisungen zugunsten eines gesperrten Kontos
berechtigt, es sei denn, dass die Zahlung zugunsten des
£;esperrten Kontos des endgiiltig Berechtigten erfolgt.
2. Auf Grund diesel' Genehmigung diirfen Zahlungen .od,~r
Uberweisungen, die zu cinem Geschl1ft gehoren, fUr das eine
weitere Genehmigung erforderlich ist, nicht ausgefiihrt
werden,
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILI1'ARREGIERUNG
�mr'
MlLITABY GOVERNMENT
es
werdEtl
1 August19U
;chatWdl '
.M ,11'\0_',
Ad
on ~nern'
~egi~
n Person
;es dieSer
gemacht
che Zah. '
:er
allge~
:u verg~
oder Ab..
in~,
sammen.. '
a,bhiin..;.
WOoQnen,'
rfie Ver
1
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNC
NR.3
GENERAL LICENSE
NO.3
1f('1n
1oh""
MILJ."l'1tB.BEGIERUNO
FlNANZ-ABTEILUNO
Datum. 1. August 194
FINANCE SEOTION
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52.
(Bloddng and Control of Property)
A general license ~s hereby granted permitting any Kreis
or Municipality to engage in all transactions within Germany
ordinarily incidental to its normal operations" provlded that
such transactions are not prohibited by any law other than
Military Government Law No. 52 and ,that such Kreis or
Municipality shall not engage in any, extraordinary trans
adion wh1ch, directly or indirectly, substantially diminish~s
or fmperils the assets of such Kreis or Municipality or
otherWise prejudicially affecb; its financial position.
(Sperre und KontroUe, von Vermogen)
Jedem Kreis oder jeder Gemeinde wird tiiermlt die Ge
nehmigung ertent; aUe Rechtsgeschatte Innerhalb Deutseh
lands vorzunehmen, die' fi1r gewohnlich zu ihrem nomiale
Autgabenkreisgehoren, .vorausgesetzt, dass diese' Gescbiift
lediglich durch daB Gesetz Nr.52 der Militiirregierung fu
verboten erkUirt'Sind, und dass der betretrende Kreis ode
die Gemeinde kelne ausserordentlichen Geschlifte vornimm
die direkt 9der Indlrekt das Verml$gen des ~etreffende
Kreises oder der Gemeinde wesentllch v.erringern, gefahrde
oder In anderer Beziehung Nachteile fOr ihre tlnanziell
Lage zur Folge haben.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
:RUNG
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 dei' Militiir·
regierung
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SE~ON
MlLITARREGlERlJNG
FlNANZ-ABTEILUNG
Datum. L August
1 Auguss 1945
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUN(
\
NR.4
GENERAL LICENSE
NO.4
gust 1945
ErteUt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militiir
regierung
[ssued Pursuant to Military Gove.tnment Law Np. 52
, (Blocking and Control of Property)
JNG
(Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen)
A general license is hereby granted permitting intra- and
t. 52 der
crilt, und
;z Nr. 52
i;
, Elne allgemeine Qmehmigung wird hlermit' erteilt f,i
Uberweisungen im Verkehr innerhalb oder zwischen Kredl
instituten von Konten, die auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr..
der MiliUirregierung gesperrt sind:
a. auf Konten des DeutSchen Reichs oder der Llindt
Provinzen, Stadtkreise, Gemeinden,Landkreise od
anderer Regierungsunterabteilungen oder AmtssteU.
%Urn Zwecke der Zahlung von ftilligen Steuern. Ze
len,' Gebiihren und iihnlichen ,Posten, oder
.
b. zum Zwecke der Zahlung von fil.lligen Sozialversich
rungllpriimien.
.
1M AUFT,RAGE, DER MILITARREGIERUNG
inter-bank transfers of credit from an account blocked pur
:;uant to Military Government Law N,). 52,
a. to the account of the German Reich or any Liinder,
Provinzen, Stadtkreise, Gemeinden, Landkreise, or
other governmental SUb-division: or agency in paYment
of matured taxes, dUties, fees and similar items,' or
b. in payment of matured premiums for social insurance.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
lOon Zah:
m tlnan-:
ner Per-'
st, es sei ,
)errt .ist,
an2liellen '
ei einem
lhlung~
KOontos
lsten des
eriolgt.
gen oder
das Erine.
1Sri rt
~,
"
RUNG
,
..t;;..
,.
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUN'
NR.5
'GENERAL LICENSE
NO.5
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesebes Nr. 52 der Militii
regierung
[ssued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52
(Blocking and Control of Property)
(Sperre ond Kontrolle von Vermogen)
Jeder Anstalt innerhalb Deutschlands, die dem off\~
Uehen Gottesdienst zu dienen bestimmt ist, ,'W'ird hiermit e
allgemeine Genehmigung ,erteilt. alle Rechtsgeschafte vor:
nehmen, die ZU, ihrem nOITQ&len Aufgabenkreis g....<>horen 1,;
durch Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung fUr verboten '
activities but otherwise prohi>bited by Military Government
kHirt sind, mit der Massgabe, dass:
Law No. 52, provided that:
a. Diese ,Geschiifte lediglich durch Gesetz Nr.52
a. Such transactions are not prohibited by any Law other
Militarregierung fUr verboten erklart sind;
than Military Government Law No. 52.
i b. Diese Genoehmigung keine Ermachtigung zur Ausubt
von Rechtsgeschiiften einer AmtssteUe, eilnes Unt
b. This license shall not authQrize any transaction by or :
nehmens, einer Person oder einer anderen, in der P
on behalf of any agency, organization, pe1'6On or other
gemeinen Vorschrift Nr. 1 erwahnten OrglUllisation 0
entity mentioned .in General Order N o . 1 . .
iIi deren Auftrag darstellt;
A general license is hereby granted perm!l.tting any ilnstii-.
tutaon witlh;in ,Germany dedicated to public worship to
engage ·in all transactions ordinarily incidental to db normal
1
MlLITXRREGIERUNG
FlNANZ·ABTEILUNG
Datum. 1. August If
1 Augullt 1945
von oder
19~
I
i
I
I'
.
,
.'
'
i ,
i
,
'
".
I
I
",
'
'
�Itt '.,
,e
n,
'
eschla
ar 1946
2. Wherever reference is ,made in any of such Proclama
tions, Laws, Ordinances, Notices and Orders of the MIli.tary
Governmi<!!nt to governments or representatives of any of tQe
Unitl~d Nations, such references shall, in the absenee of,
indication to the contrary, mean natiGnal Gr Gther 6uthoryties
or representatives thereof dealt with as such by the Theater
Commander Gr the gGvernment of the United States.
3. This amended Law shall be effective upon prGmulgatiGn.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
Approved: 29 July 1946.
Bestatigt: 29. Juli 1946.
MILlTXRREGlERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NR. 1
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR. 1
Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
Blocking and Control of Property
GemaB Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung;
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen
'rokla
und
deutet.
tiGnen.
ranuar
len in
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
MILITARY GOVERNMENT -.GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
gte
!'Il
2. Die Bezugnahme in diesen Proklamationen, Geseuen;
Verordnungen, Bekanntmachungen und VerfuguDgen der
Militarregierung auf Regierungen oder Vertreter ciner der
Vereilnigten NatiGnen 'bedeutet, vGr.beh:altlieb einer ab
weichenden Bestilmmung, Staats- odeI' sonstige Behorden
Gder Vertreter dieser NatIionen, vorausgesetzt, dass sie von
dem Befehlshaber der amerikanischen Streitkriifte in Europa
oder der Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten als sotebe
anerkannt 'sind.
'
3. Dieses abgeanderte Gesetz tritt mit seinet· Verktindung
in Kraft.
SUPPLEMENT No.1
1. Pursuant to paragr.aph 1 (g) of Military Gov~rnment
Law NO'. 52. the Deutsohe Kriegsversicherungsgemeinschaft
ERGANZUNG Nr. 1
1. In Ausfilhrung des Gesetzes Nr. 52 Par. 1 (g) der MUi
i"
tarregierung wird hiermit die Deutsche Ktiegsversioherungs
gemeinsch.a.ftals den Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes unter
is hereby specified as subject to the prGvisiGns Gf sadd law.
woden bezeichnet.
2. The operatiGns Gf the Deutsche Kriegsversicherungs
2. Der Betrieb der Deutschen Kriegsversicherungsgeme<in-'
gemeinschaft are hereby declared suspended by Military
schafit wird hiermit von dar Militarre.~erung fUr zeitweildg
Government and by virtue Gf Article I, ,General Order NO'. L
aufgehGben erklart; auf Grund der allgemeinen VGrschriit
Nr. I, Art. 1 sind somit, die Bestimmungen des Artikels4
the proVisions of Article IV, paragraph 6, ,Military Govern
Par. G des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierung mJt den· c.
ment Law 52 are nO' longer applicabie c;(cept, as hereinafter nach.fO'lgenden Ausnahmen nicht mehr anwendbar.
provdded.
3. Die Verfiigung .tiber Vermogenswerte oder Vermogens
3. The disposal of prGperty or interests in prGperty Gwned
interessen 1m Eigentum oder un~er KGntrGlle der Deutschen
or contrGlled by the Deutsche Krdegsversicherungsgeme~n
Kriegsversicherungsgemeinschaft zur volligen od.:l' teil
,
schaft, whether to seMsfy, in whGle Gr in part, an informal· weisen Erfi.Hlung eines gerichtlichen Urteils odel' eines
au6ervertraglichen Gder anderwe<itig.en
gilt als
claim, a judgment of a cGurt Gf law, Gr' otherwise, except erhebliche Minderung Geier Gefahrdung Anspruchs .cler be
der Werte
for the purpose of defraying costs of administratiGn to include
sagten Gemeinschaft lim Sione des P.l;Ir. 6 (a) des Gesetzes
.damage and d.anm dnvestigatiGns and such 'other expenses Nr. 52 der Militarregierung; ausgenGmmen sind Venfiigungen
zum Z'!Vecke del' Begleichung VGn Verwaltungsunkosten, ein
a.~ are necessary to maintain and complete accurate recGrds
schlie6licn Kosten fur UnterS'qohungen VGn Schiiden uQd
of assets, li3bilities, and Gt'her relative data, shall be deemed
Anspriiooen und salcher Kosten. die zur F,i,ihrung und Ver
9UbstaIliia:lly to diminish Gr imperil the assets Gf said
vGllstandigung genauer Aufstellu.ngen der Werte und Ver
pftlc'htungen oder anderer erheblicherDaten erfGrder14ch
company wilthin the rrreaning Gf paragraph 6 (a), of MiliJbary
sind
.
Government Laiw NO'. 52.
4. AHe Klagengegen die Deutsche Kriegsversicherungs
4. All suits against the Deutsche Kr.iegsversicherungs
gemednscllaft, die vor deutschen GencMen auf Grund von
gemeinschaft un German cGurts based Gn i~sur~ce or
Versicherungs- oder Rtickversicherungsanspriiohen zum
rcinsuranre 'cla.ims and brought for the purpose Gf securing Zwecke der Erlangung oder Vollstreckung VGn Urte<ilen
schweben, werd:n als erledigt el'klart.
.
I
or ellifGreing a judgment shall be abated.
"'\
,
BY ORPER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
Approved: 22 Julie 1946.
1M AUFTRAGE DER iMILIT.A.RREq.IERUNG.
Bestiitlgt: 22. Juni 1946.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
MILIT}{RREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
GENERAL ORDER NO'. 1
ALLGEMEINE ANORDNUNG NR. 1
Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52;
Blocking and Control of Property
GemiS Gesetz Nr. 52 der Militarregierung;
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen
SUPPLEMENT No.2
1. Pursuant to' Article I, paragraph I (g) of MilitarY Gov
e~runent
La-w No. 52. the fGllGwing persons ate declared to
constitute a category Gf"persGns specified by MilitarY
Governm~nt by inelusion in lists or Gbherwise," and are
lherefGre subject to' the provisiGns Gf said law;
ERGANZUNG Nr. '2
L In Ausfiihrung des Gesetzes Nr.52 Artikel lAbs. 1 (g)
der Militiirregierung werden hiermit fGlgende PersGnen zu
del' Gruppe sGlcher Personen gehorig erklart. "die VGn oder
Militlirregierung durch Veroffentllchung In Listen Gder auf
andere Weise bezeichnet" und damit den Bestimmungen des
genannten Gesetzes unterwGrfen sind:
'
�\J.,,(t. &cl L'L~~ .
c. Diese Genehmigung nieht rum Kauf, Verkauf ooer so.n
stiger VerfUgungiiber Grundbesitz ermach.tigt;
d. Eine solche Anstalt keine Geschafte betreiben dart, die
. direkt odeI' indirekt das Vermogen del' betreffenden
Anstalt wesentlich verI"ingern, gefahrden oder ander
weitlige Nachteile fUr !l:hl' Vermogen zur· Folge haben.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
c. Thiis license ooall not authorize the purah.ase, sale or
transfer ot title ot real property.
. d. Such institution shall not engage in any transaction
which directly or indirectly substantially diminishes or
imperils the assets of suchinstitutioll or otherwi,se pre
judicially affects such assets.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
MILITXRREGIERUNG
FINANZ·ABTEILUNG
Datum, 25. AprIl 1946
MILITARY GOVERNMENT
FINANCE SECTION
25 April 1946
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUNG
NR.6
GENERAL LICENSE
NO.6
Erteilt auf. Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militiir
regierung
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52
(Blocking and Control of Property)
(Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen)
1. A "n·~ral license is hereby granted unblockiDg prop
(
erty in Germany which is owmd wholly by.United Nations
nationals who are residing.in Germany, provided that the
property of such persor.s is blocked solely by reason of the
operation of Article I, paragraph 1 (b) of Military Govern
ment Law No. 52.
2. This general license shall not be deemed to authorize
any transaction prohibited by Military Government Law
No. 53.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
1. Hiermit wird eine allgemeine Genehmigung erteilt, Ver
I
mogen in Deutschland freizugeben, welches alleiniges Eigen
tum von Angehorigen der Vereinten Nationen mit Wohnsitz
in Deutschland ist, vorausgesetzt, dass das Vermogen dieser
Personen ausschliesslich auf Grund des Artikels I, Paragraph
1 (b) des Gesetzes Nr. 52 der Militarregierung gesperrt
wurde.
2. Diese. allgemeine Genehmigung ist nichtals Genehmi
gung fUr Geschafte irgendwelcher Art, die auf Grund des
Gesetzes Nr. 53 der Militarregierung verboten sind, anzu
I. sehen.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG
r
. - - -....- -..-----------------...:....:....-----------------~---MILITARY GOVERNMENT G
SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREi\: OF
ANY
NTROL
MILlTXRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
KONTROLL-GEBIET DES OBERSTEN BEFEHLSHABERS
GESETZ NIt 53
(
oreign 'Ex
Devisenbewirtschaftung
ARTICLE I
ARTIKEL I
Prohibited Transactions
\
1. Except as duly licensed by or on instructions of Mil
itary Government, any transaction involving or with respect
to any of the following is prohibited:
(a) Any foreign exchange assets owned or controlled
directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, by any
person in GERMANY;
(b) Any property located in GERMANY owned or
controlled directly or indirectly, in whole or in
part, by any person outside GERMANY.
Verbotene Geschafte
1. VorbehaltliCh einer von del' Militarregierur'lg ordnungs
massig erteilten Genehmigung oder einer von diesel' er
lassenen Anweisung, sind aHe Geschafte verboten. welche
zum Gegenstande haben odeI' sich· beziehen auf:·
(a) Devisenwerte. die unmittelbar oder mittelbar. ganz
oder teilweise im Eigentum oder unter del' Kon
trolle von Personen in Deutschland stehen;
(b) Vermogen, welches sich innerhalb Deutschlands be
findet und unmittelbar oder mittelbar, ganz oder
teilweise imEigentum odeI' untel' Kontrolle von
Personen ausserhalb Deutschlands st~ht.
2. Vorbehaltlich einer von der Militarregierung ordnungs
massig erteilten Genehmigung oder einer von dieser erlasse
nen Anweisung, sind gleichfalls aUe Geschafte verboten,
welche zum Gegenstande haben oder sich beziehen auf:
(a) VermogEm, gleichgilltig wo es sich beflndet, vorauS
gesetzt, dass das Geschiift zwischen Personen inner
halb Deutschlands und Personen ausserhalb
Deutschlands abgeschlossen ist, oder sich auf solche
Personen bezieht;
(b) ei.ne Verpfiichtung zu einer Zahlung oderLeistung,
dIe von einer Person in Deutschland einer Person
a~ss.erhalb Deutschlands· geschuldet wird, gleich
gulhg ob die Verpfiichtung fallig ist oder nicht;
{cl die Einfuhr odeI' anderweitige Einbringung nach
Deutsc~land von 1)evisenwerten, deutschen Zah
lungsm.ltteln oder von Wertpapieren, die' von Per
sonen lnnerhalb Deutschlands ausgegeben und in
deutscher Wahrung ausgedrilckt oder zahlbar sind;
(d) di~ Austuilr, Versendung oder anderweitige vcr
bnngung von Vermogen sus Deutschland.
2. Any transaction with respect to or involving any of
the following is arso prohibited, except as duly licensed by
or on instructions "Of Military Goyernment:
(a) Property wherever situated if. the transaction is
between or involves any person in GERMANY and
any person outsjde GERMANY;
(b)- Any obligation of payment or performance, wh~ther
matured or not, due or' owing to any person out
side GERMANY by any person in GERMANY;
(c) The importing or otherwise. brjnging into GER
MANY of any foreign exchange assets, German
currpncy, or securities issued bv persons in GER
MANY and expressed or payable in German cur
rency;
(d) The exporting, remitting, or other removal ot any
property from GERMANY.
r·
tl
d
c
Jl
d
b
h
o
..
1
�3. All existing licenses and exemptions issued by any
German Authority authorizing any of the aforesaid trans
actions are cancelled
3. AIle von deutschen BehOrden erteilten Genehmigungel
und . FreisteUungell, die eines der vorbezeichneten Geschaft
zulassen, sind hlermit aufgehoben.
ARTICLE II
Artlkel II
Anmeldung von Vermiigen und Verpftlchtungen
Declaration of Property and ObllgatiOl\S
4. (a) Wem unniittelbar oder mittelbar, ganz oder teil
4. (a) Within thirty (30) days of the eftective date of this
law, unless oth~rwise ordered, any person owning
or controlling directly ar indirectly, In whole or in
part, any foreign exchange asset, or owing any ob- .
ligation of payment or performance, whether ma
tured or not, to a person outside. GERMANY, shall
file with the nearest branch of the Relchsbank, or
other Institution deSignated by Milltary Govern
ment, a written declaration·Of such asset or obli
gation in such form and manner as will be pre
. scribed by Military Government.
,"prU 1946'
liNG
\fintir
(b) When and as directed by Military Government,
any person a1rected by this law snaU rue such
other reports as may be required
eUt, Ver
!s Eigen
Wohnsib:
~n dieser
aragraph
gesperrt
~enehmi
:und des
d, anzuRUNG
'
fADERS
dnungs
~ser
er
welche
nds be- .
oder
lIe von
lZ
Inungs
!rlasse
:rboten,
,uf:
loraus
inner
serhalb
, solche
,istung,
Person
gleich
. nicht;
~ nach
Zah
n Per
mc' '.,
r! '
\_ ..
weise Eigentum oder KontroUe von Devisenwertel
zusteht, oder wer zur Zahlung oder Leistung al
elne Person ausserhalb Deutschlands ·verpflichte
1st, glelchgiiltig ob die Verpflichtung fallig ist ode: .
nicht, hat sOlchen Devisenwert oder solche Ver·
pflichtUl'ig, soweit 'nichts abweichendes vorgeschrie,
ben ist, innerhalb von dreissig (30) Tagen nach den
Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes bel der nachsteI
Reichsbankstelle oder bel der sonst vonder Militiir·
reglening bestimmten Stelle schriftllch in der vor
der MlUtarregierung vorzuschreibenden Art un(
.Weise anzumelden.
(b) Jede Person, auf welche dieses Gesetz anwendbal
ist, hat zusiitzliche Meldungenj soweit solche ver·
langt werden, iu dem Zeitpunkt und in der Weise.
die die, Militlirregierung vorschreiben wird, einzu
retchen.
ARTlCLE'm
ARTIKEL m
Delivery of Property
Ablieferung von Vermogen
5. Within fifteen (15) dayS of the effeCtive date of thls
$. Wer die folgenden Arten von Vermogen als Eigentiimer
law; all of the following clasSes of .property shall be deliv
oder Inhaber hUt oder $Onst besitzt, verwaltet oder kon·
ered, against receipt therefor, by the owner, holder. or other
trolliert, ha.t mese' innerhalb von funfzehn n5) Tagen Qach
person in possession; custody or eontrolthereof, to the
dem lnkI:afttreten dieses.' Oesetzes gegen Empfangsbestlifii
der nlichsten Reidhsbankstelle oder in ander.er nOlCh
nearest branch of the Reichsbank, or as otherwilSe di:rected:
zu
immender Weise aibzuliefern:
(a) Currency other th'an Gennan. currency;
(a) 'slllntliche.Zahlungsmittel mit Ausnahme deutscher;
(b) Scheeks;.Anweisungen, Wechsel. und andere Zahlungen
(b) Checks, drafts, bills of exchange and other instru
,verbrriefende Urkun.Oen, welche auf' Personen ausser
ments of payment drawn' on or issued by, persons
hatb Deutsohlands gezogen oder vonsolchen Personen
outside GERMANY;
ausgesteut, sind;
,
(c) Securlfiies and other evidences of ownership or in,
(c) Wertpapiere und andere dem Nachweis van Eigentwn
deb:edness issuoo by: '
OOer Versohuldung dienende Urkunden, welche aus
gestellt mnd von:
(I) Persons outside GERMANY; or
(I) Personen a:usserhal'b DeutsdhllaIlids oder
(II) Persons :in GERMANY if expressed in a our
(II) PersoneJ1 ,innerhalb DeutscMands, falls die, Ur
rency other than German currency;'
, lrunde in niohbdeutscher Wiihrung ausgedrUckt ist;
Cd) Gold- oder Silbermiinzen, GOld-, Silber- oder Platin
(d) Gold or silver coin; gold, silver or .platlnum bUil
bIm'en oder Legterungen davon in Barrenform.
Hon or alloys tJhereof in bullion form:
6. Wetn unmlIttelbar oder mittelbar,ganz oder te1lwei!'e
6. Any person owrung or Controlling directly or Lndirectly,
Eigentumoder . Kontrol1e von' Devisenwerten anderer Art
in whole. or :In part, any other type of foreign exchange asset,
zusteht, hat auf Anweisung der MUl.tiirregierung den Besi.tz,
shall, when ardered by Military Government, deld:wr, against
die Verwahrung oder Cije Kontrolle dieser Werle gegen
receipt, the 'POssession, custody or control of.sUch' ll'Sset to
Empfangsbestiitigung an die niichste Reichsbankstelle oder
the trel1.l'est branch of 'the' Re<icllsbank, or as otherwdse
m anderer noah zu bestimmender Weise Z'U ubertragen.
directed.
7. Venn6gen der in diesem Artikel bezeichneten Art,
7. AJD.y property referred to in this Article which hereafter
weld1es nach dem Inkrafttreten dteses Gesetzes lin den
comes into the' possession, ownership or control of. any
Beilitz, da~ EIgentum oderunter die' Kontrolle einer diese~
J),."rSOD suJbje<:t to this law, siball, withrln 3 days, thereof, be
Gesetz unterworienen Person gelangt, ist innerhal,b von drel
~el1vered by' stich person lin the same truinner as· provided
Tagen nach. Erwerb durch di.ese PersOn in der gleidlen, in
diesem Artikel vorgeseherten Weise .abzu1iefern.
bO·thds J\l1icle.
ARTICLE IV
ARTIKEL r~
•
Applications for LiceDlles
Antrllge auf ErteUung v'Gn Genehmigungen
8. Applications for license& to engage in trensactions pro·
8. Antriige auf Erteilung von Genehmigungen zur Vor
hibited by thds law, or any request. in relation to 1lbe
nahmevon Geschatten, welche durch dieses Gesetz verboten
operaflion of this law, shall be submitted iq accordance' Wlith
sitld, sowie. Gesuche jegUcher Art. weldle sich auf die An
wendung dieses Gesetzes bemehen, Sind naoh 'Massgabe der
'such regulations as may be issued at a future dat~. by
von der Militlirregterung nach xu erlassenden Besfiimmun,gen
Military Government.
einzureichen.
ARTICLE V
ARTIKEL V
Nlchtlgkeit von Geschiften
Void Transactions
9. Nichtig und unwirksam sind Gesohiifte, dde in Ver
9. Anytrans.fer effuctedin Vliolablon of this law arid any:
agreement or arrangement made, whether before or after the
letzung <lieses Gesetzes vorgenommen werden, femer
Ubertragungen, Vertrlige oder Vereinbarungen, welche vor
effective date of thds law, with intent to defeat or evade
oder nach dem Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetzes in der Absicht
this law or the objects of Mildtary Government, ds nUll and
abgeschlossen werden,.' dieses Gesetz oder Aufgaben der
Void.
Milltiirregierung
vereiteln oder zu umgehen.
guner
zu
37
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ARTICLE VI
ConfUctlng Law
10. In case of any inconsistency between this law or any
. or~r Inade under U end any German law,· the' former
prevails.
ARTICLE
va
Definitions
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11. For the purposes of this law:
(a) "Person" shall mean any natural person; collective
persons and any juristic person under public or
private law and any government including all
political sub-divisions, public corporations, agen
cies and instrumentalities thereof;
(b)' "Transaction" shall mean acqUiring, importing,
borrowing or receiving with or without eonsidera
tion; remitting, selling, leasing, transferring( .re
moving,· exporting, hypothecating,' pledging or
otherwise disposing of; paying,. repaying,. lending.
guaranteeing or otherwise dealing in any property
mentioned in this law;
(c) "Property" shall mean all movable and immovable'
property and au rights and interests in Qr claims
to .such property whether present or future, and
shall include, but shall not b.e limited to, land and
buildings, money, stocks, shares, patent rights or
licenses thereunder, or other evid~nces of owner
ship, and bonds, bank balances, claiMs, obligations
and other evidences of indebtedness, imd works
of art and other cultural materials;
(d) "Foreign Exehan.ge Asset"' .shall be deemed to in
clude:
(I) Any property located outside GERMANY.
(II) Currency other than German currency; bank
balances outside GERMANY; and checks,
drafts, bills of exchange and other \ instru
ments of payment drawn' on or iss~ed by
persons outside GERMANY;
(III) Claims and any evidence thereof owned or
held by:
a. Any person in GERMANY against a per
son outside GERMi\NY whether expressed.
in German or otner currencies;
b. Any person in GERMANY against any
o!her person in GERMANY if. expressed
in a _currency other than German cur
rency;
c. Any person outside GERMANY against
another person outside GERMANY in
which claim a person' in GERMANY has
any' interest;
(IV) Any securitiess and other evidences of owner_
ship or indebtedness issued by persons .out
side GERMANY, and securities issued by
persons in GERMANY if expressed. or pay
able in a currency other' than German
currency;
(V) Gold
.
. ' .
or silver coin, or gold, silver or platinum
bullion or alloys thereof in bullion form,
no matter. where located;
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ARTIKEL VI
GesetzeswidersprDche
10. 1m Falle eines Widerspruchs zwischen cHesem Gesetz
oder einer auf" Grund desselben erlassenen Anordnung und
. deutschem Recht geht das erstere vor.
ARTIKEL VB
'Begrlffsbestlmmungen
11. FUr dIe Anwendung diesesGesetzes gel ten die fol
genden Begriffsbestimml,lngen: .
(a) "Person" bedeutet jede natilrliche. Person, Gesamt
handgemeinschaft und· juristische Person des
offentlichen oder privaten Rechts; femer eine Re
gierung einschlieBlich staaUicher oder kommunaler
Verwaltungen, Korperschaften des offentllchen
Rechts, deren Dienststellen und Organe; ,
(b) "Geschaft" bedeutet Erwerb, Einfuhr, Leiht! und
Empfangnahme von Leistungen, gegen oder ohne
Entgelt, femer Versendung, Verkauf, VermietuD·g,
Verpachtung, Obertragung, Verbringung, Ausfuhr,
Belastung, Verpfiindung und jede anderweitige
VerfUgung; Zahlung, Riickzahlung, Verleihung.
Obernahme von Garantien und jede andere Vor
nahme von Geschaften iiber Vermogen, das in
diesem . Gesetz erwahnt ist;
(~) "Vermogen" bedeutet jede.s bewegliche und un
bewegliche Vermogen sowie alle Rechte und Inter
essen ·oder . Anspriiche auf' solches Vermogen,
gleichgiiltig ob diese fiillig sind oder nicht. . Es
schlieBt ein, ist aber nicht beschriinkt auf:
Grundstiicke und Gebaude, Geld, Beteiligungen,
. Aktlen, Patente, Gebrauchsmuster Qder . Lizenzen
fUr deren Ausiibung' und, andere Urkunden zum
Nachweis von Eigentumj 'Schuldverschreibungen,
Bankguthaben, Anspriiche, Verbindlichkeiten, an
dere Urkunden' zum Nachweis von Verbindlich
keiten, sowie Kunstbesitz und andere Kulturgegen
stiinde; .
(d) "Devisenwert" bedeutet:
(I) AuBerhalb Deutschlailds befinslliches Ver
m6gen;
(II) Zahlungsmittel, mit Ausnahme deutscher
Zahlungsmittel;
Bankguthaben
auBerhalb
Deutschlands, und Schecks, Anweisungeij,
Wechsel und andere Zahlungen verbriefende
Urkunden, welche auf Personen auBerhalb
Deutschlands gezogen oder von solchen Per
sonen ausgestellt sind;
(III) Anspriiche und Urkunden zum Nachweis der
artigel;' Ansprilche, vorausgesetzt, daB:
a. d'er Inhaber oder sonstige Berechtigte eine
Person innerhalb Deutschlands und der
Anspruchsverpflichtete eine Person auBer
halb Deutschlands ist, gleichgiiltlg ob der
Anspruch in deutscher oder in ir'gendeiner
anderen Wlihrung ausgedriickt ist;
b. der Inhaber oder sonstige Berechtigt~ und
der Anspi'uchsverpflichtete Pel'sonen in
nerhalb Deutschlands sind und der An
spruch in nichtdeutscher Wiihrung aus
gedriickt ist;
c. der .Inhaber oder sonstige Berechtigte
und der Anspruchsverpflichtete Personen
auBerhalb Deutschlands' sind und eine
Person innerhalb Deutschlands' an dern
Anspruch in irgendeiner' Weise beteilig t
1st;
(IV) Wertpapier und andere Urkunden zum Be
weis von Eigentum und Verpflichtung en .
welche von Personen auBerhalb D~utschlands
ausgestellt sind, und Wertpapiere, welche von
Personen innerhalb Deutschlands ausgestell t
sInd, vorausgesetzt, .daB sie in nlchtdeutscher
Wahrung ausgedriickt oder. zahlbar sind;
(V) Gold_ oder Silbermiinz~n, Gold~, Silber- ode r
Platinbarren oder Leglerungen in Barren
form, gleichgillUg wo befiodlich;
~
�(VI) Such other property as Is determined by
Military Government to be a foreign ex
change asset;
(e) A juristic person may, for the purpose of the en
forcement of the provisions of this law,. be deemed
to. be. in anyone or more of the following coun
tnes:
(VI)
solches
andere Vermogen, das durch di
Militarregierung zu einem Devisenwert er
klart wird.
(e) FUr die Zwecke der Anwendung dieses Gesetz(
kann eine juristische Person in einem oder mel:
reren der folgenden Liinder sein:
(a) in dem Lande, durch deren Gesetze oder unt!
deren Herrschaff die juristische Person en'
standen 1st,
.
(b) in dem Lande oder in den Landern, in welchel
oder in welchen die juristische Person ihl
geschiiftliche NiedeI"lassung hat, oder
(c) in dem Lande oder in den Landern, in welchel
oder in welchen die juristische Person gE
schaftlich tatig 1st.
(f) Vermogen gilt als "im Eigentum' oder unter Kor.
trolle" einer Person, wen. es im Namen oder fi:
Rechnug oder zugunsten dieser Person gehalte
wird oder wenn es der Person oder deren Beau:·
tragten oder Agenten gli)schuldet wird oder wen
eine solche Person berechtigt oder verpflichtet is
solches Vermogen zu kaufen, zu empfangen od!
:au erwerben.
.
(g) "Deutschland" bedeutet das Gebiet des ..Deu
schen Reiches", wie es am 31. Dezember 1937 bl
standen hat.
.
ARTIKEL VIII
Strafen
12. Jeder VerstoB gegen di~ Bestimmungen dieses G·
setzes wfrd nach Schuldigsprechiing des Taters dur!
ein Gericht der Militarregierung nach. des sen E)
messen mit ieder gesetzlich zulassigen' Strafe, jedo(
\ nicht mit der Todesstrafe, bestraft.
ARTIKEL IX
Inkrafttreten
13. Dieses Gesetz tritt mit dem Tage seiner ersten Ve
kundung in Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DERMILITARREGIERUNG.
(a) that country by, or under whose laws it is
created,
(b) that or those in which it has a principal place
of business, or
die tolGesamt.
Ion des
eine Re
.munaler
mtltchen
(c) that or those in which it carries on business.
(f) Property shall be deemed to be "owned" or "con
trolled" by any person if such property is held in
his' name or for his account or benefit, or owed.
to him or to his nominee or agent, or if such per
son has a right or obligation to purchase, receive
or acquire sueh property;
'ihe und
ler ohne
mietung,
Ausfuhr,
:rweitige
:leihung,
!re Vor
das in
(g) The term "GERMANY" shall mean the area con
stituting "Das Deutsche Reich" as it existed OD
31 December 1937.
~nd
un
d Inter
:rmogen, .
~ht.
Es
,kt auf:
igungen,
:"izenzen
len zum
ibungeQ,
ten, an
,indlich
trgegen
ARTICLE VIII
Penalties
12. Any person violating the provisions of this law shall.
upon conviction by Military Government Court be
liable to any lawful punishment other than death as
the court may determine.
'ARTICLE IX
~ffeetive Date
13. This law shall become effective upon the date of its
first promulgation.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
~utscher
113erhalb
isungEm,
riefende
:l3erhalb
en Per
MILITARY GOVERNMENT :.- GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
l\IILITJ{RREGlERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
GESETZ NR. 54
LA.W NO. 54
Nutzung von Vermogen der Wehrmacht
Use of Wehrmacht Property
eis der
i:
To deprive the German Armed Forces ot the use of military
installations and training facilities within the United States
Zone, including air fields, maneuver areas,. camps, and ranges;.
To facilitate the accommodation and settlement of Germans
and others;
•
"I:'o decentra1i;!:e the structure of the German economy;
.
it is hereby ordered as follows:
1. .The right to possession and use of all property in the
United States Zone (excluding the Bremen Sub-District),
title to which is held by any of the following is hereby
granted to - the Land (State) in which such property is
situated: .
.
(a) The Supreme Command of the German Armed .Forces,
the German Army, the German Navy, the German Air
Forces, and any component thereof;
.
(b) The SA (Sturmabteilungen). the NSKK (NS-Kraftfahr
korps), the NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps), the SS (Schutz
staffeln), including the SD (Sicherheitsdienst);
(c) The German Reich, any of its' departments or. agencies,
for or in the interest of any of the organizations listed
under a and b;
ste eine
nd der
aul3er.
ob der
ndeiner
Die Zwecke dieses Gesetzes sind
den deutschen .streitkraften die Nutzung aller militarischr
Anlagen und AusbUdungseinrfchtungen, einschliesslich v(
Flughafen aller Art, Truppeniibungsplatzen, Lagern ur,
Schiessplatzen, in der Amerikanischen Zone zu entziehen;
die landwirtschaftliche Erzeugung zu erhOhen;
die Niederlassung und Siefllung von Deutschen und ander£"
Personen zu ermoglichen; und,
den Aufbau der deutschen Wirtschaft zu dezentralisiereJ
demgemiss wird hiermit folgendes bestimmt:
1. Das Besitz. imd Nutzungsrecht jeglichen in del' Amer
kanischen Zone (ausschUesslich des Bczirkes Bremen) b(
legenen Vermogens der nachgenannten Personen und Organ
sationim wird hiermit auf das Land ubertragim, in del
solches Vermogen belegen ist:
(a) das Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, des Heeres, d(
Kriegsmarine, der Luftwaffe, und die ihnen unte;
geor.dneten Verbande;
.
(b) die SA (Sturmflbteilungen), das NSKK (NS-Kraftfahl
korps), ,das NSFK (NS-Fliegerkorps) und d)e E
(Schutzstaffeln) einschliesslich des SD (Sicherheit:
dienst);
(c) das Deutsche Reich, seine Behorden und Dienststelle:
hinsic~tlich des Vermogens, das sie zugunsten oder il
Interesse einer der unter a oder b angefiihrten Organ
sationen besitzen;
.
To increase agricultural production;
gte und
.en in
er An
g aus
.
~chtigte
=rsonen
d eine
n dem
leteiIigt
1m Be
tungen,
~hlands
:he von
gestellt
utscher
1 d.'
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�BY UKLH:R OF MIL:TARY GOVERNMYNT.
-...:.<.:'!.~~"
;o.[JLIT.-\RY GOVcttNl\1ENT -
GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
1M AUFTRAGE DER.""c,,,,s.!TARREG1ERUNG.
I\IILITARREGIERUNG -
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
NOTICE
BEKANNTMACHUNG
• Foreign Exchange and External Assets
Devisenwerte und Auslandsvermogen
r'he
attention of all persons is drawn to Military Gov
Law No. 53 and to the absolute 'n'2cessitv of , del
'
, and delivering forthwith all property referred to in
~ II and III respectively of that law.
Property must be declarcd even though it may have
~ legal\\' ~'ested in the German External Property
!
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hsion by virtue of Control Council Law No.5.
Iflt
LIly person who fails after the expiry of thirty days
!he date of this noUce. to declare or deliver any prop
ilfected, llpon conviction bya Military Government
:shalJ be liable to further severe penalties as the court
tlcrmine in addition to any outstanding penalty under
io. 53.
'his notice becomes eftective 10 February 1946.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
"
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1. Alle Personen werden nochmals auf das Gesetz Nr. 53
del' Militarregierung hingewiesen, nach welchem jedermann
die unbedingte Pllicht zur sofortigen Anmeldung und Ab
lieferung aller Vermogenswerte obliegt, die in den Artikeln
II und III des Gesetzes Nr. 53 aufgezahlt sind.
2. Die Vermogenswerte mtissen auch dann noch ange
meldet werden, wenn sie kraft Gesetzes Nr. 5 des Kontroll
rates bereits auf die Kommission fUr das deutsche Auslands
vermogen gesetzlich tibertragen sind.
3. Wer es unterUisst, binnen 30 Tagen vom Tage diesel'
Bekanntmachung ab, irgendwelche Vermogenswerte del' in
Rede stehenden Art anzumelden odeI' abzuliefern, wird. wenn
ein Gericht del' Militarregierung ihn ftir schuldig beiindet,
mit noch weiteren von diesem Gericht zu bestimmenden
Strafen, zusatzlich der im Gesetz Nr. 53 aufgetilhrten Stra
fen, bestraft werd.;!n.
4. Diese Bekanntmachung tritt am 10. Februar 1946 in
Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG.
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�MILITXRREGIERUNG
DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
BEKANNTMACHUNG NR. 2
NOTICE ·NO. 2
under Military Government Law No. 53.
l"ORElGN EXCHANGE ASSETS OF DISPLACED
PERSONS AND STATELESS PERSONS
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auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 53 der'MilitiirregierUIJI.
DEVISENWERTE VERSCHLEPPTER UND
STAATENLOSER PERSONEN
1. All cfu;placect persons .and staWless persons are informed
that they .are subject to Milliiary Government Law No. 53
"Foreign Exchange Control." Articles II .and III of that
law require the filing of declaNrtions of certain .types of
property and the deJ,i,verY of certa'in .foreign exobange .assets.
2. Witlhin filCteen (15) days alter the effective date of
this Notice, all displaced persons who own or hold or who
are in possession, custody or control, of any ext th~' foreign
exchange assets listed in paragraph 7, below, shall file with
the nearest branch of the appropriate Land Central Bank a
wrmen declaration of .any of woh assets whdoh are loea·ted
i'n !;he United States Area of Control 1.n GeMliany, and shall
deliver any' wClh assets Qg.a1nst 'receipt to that bank; pro
vided, however, that any displaced persolllS wilo are regis
tered members of and who are J:'es1ding in United Namons .
displaced persons' .assembly centel'6 may comply with the
requirements of this parngNlJph by declaring .in Wl"itlng and
deli'Veringagainst receipt weh <foreign exchange assets to
the offidal within such centers destgnated .by 'tllhe author
ities thereof to Q'CCept and dea>O'Sit SUOh assets In the nearest
branch of the appropriate Land CentNlll Bank in the name
af ~e owner or dlolder. CompliWl'C'e \riIth 1Jhe proviSions
of this lParagrnph by displaced persons wi'll be deemed a
!uLl compliance wi!;h bhe provisions of Ail'ticles II and III
of Military Government Law No. 53.
3. Any stateless person 'Who ds nat Jndiuded WiitMn the
definition of the term "displaced persons" in paragraph 5,
below, shall comply with the provisions of Articles II and III
of Military Government Law No. 53 during the fifteen (15)
day period after ·the effective date of this Notice.
4. During the fifteen (15) day perdod after thE effecbi·ve
dale, 'hereof, no prosecutions ·lWiill lbe 41l'stWuted against dis
- placed persons or 'against statele6S ,persons tor v·iolations
of Articles II I8.I1d III of lMoUibary Government La.w No. 53
or !or the vlolla!;ion of any other applicable legisl>8lbion pro·
Mbiting the pO'SSession of foreign eJOOhange oasSets. There-.
after, aU diJSplaced 'persons :and etate'less persons wHl be
liable to .prosecu!;ion for the v-iolatiQIl of sud!. proV'isions of
I8IW on'ly ~tf such Vlio!aHons occur after the end of such
fifteen (15) day period.
5. The term "disp~aced 'personS," as used herein, means
United Nations displaced persons and aU other persons re
ceiving di!ij)laced persons' care and aSlSistance.
6. The term "Unlited States Area of Control in Germany,"
as used herein, >S'hall include the Laender of BaVaria, Bremen,
Hesse, 'and Wuerbtcmberg-Baden >aoo the United States
Sector of BerLin.
~. The foreign exchange assets referred to in paragraph 2, .
above, shaH include:
a.• Currency ocher than German currency;
b. Ohecks, dra,fts, bills of exchange and ather instru
ments ot payment drawn 0IIl or 4ssued,by persc·.·.s outside
Germany;
.
c. Securitties and other evidences of ownership arin
debtedness 1ssuedby;
rJ
(1) <persons oUJt9ide Gel'rTlIany; or
(2) per:oons 4n Germany i! elllpressed ,in a curreru::y
other than German currency.
d. Gold or snver coin; gO'ld, silver or platinum buUion
OJ:' aHoys thereof in buiLion form,
"
1. ABe verschleppten und staatenlosen Personen werdell
hiermit In Kenntnis gesetzt, daB sle dem Gesetz Nr. 53 der
Militarregierung "Devisenbewlrtschaftung" unterliegen. NiQ
Artikel II und III dieses Gesetzes ist die schrlftliche ~
meldung gewisser Devlsenwerte vorgeschrleben.
2. Innerha~b von 15 Tagen naell Inkrafttreten dieser
Bekanntmachung haben aile verschleppten Personen, !lit.
irgendwelche in Abs. 7 dleser Bekanntmachung auf
geftihrten Devisenwerte als ElgentUmer oder Inhaber hallel
oder sonst besltzen, verwalten oder kontrollieren, del' nlicbst
gelegenen Zweigstelle der zustandlgen Landeszentralbd
die im Amerlkaniseben Kontrollgebiet Deutschlands beJ1M.
lichen. Werte dieser Ail't schrlftlicll anzumelden und gegell
Empfangsbeschelnigung der genannten Bank abzuliefem.
Jedoch konnen versch!eppte Personen, die al5 solche II
Sammellagern verschleppter Personen der Verelnten Nationea
gemeldet sind und daselbst wohnen, den Erfordernissell
dleses Absatzes in 'der Weise nachkommen, daB sle DeviSeD
werte dieser Art bei. einem von den LagerbehOrden %III'
Empfangnahme 'bestimmten Beamten innerhalb elnes Lagen
schriftllch anmelden und gegen EmpfangsbescheinlgUDI
abliefern, der diese Werte sodann 1m Namen der Elgentlimef
oder Inhaber In der nliebsten ~eigstelle der zustiindlgell
Landeszentralbank zu hinterlegen hat. Eine verschlepplt
Person, die die. VorschrUten dieses Absatzes befolgt, erfiilll
damit die Bestimmungen der Artikel II und III des GeselZ5
Nr. 53 der Militarreglerimg.
3. AIle staatenlosen Personen, die nieht unter die BegriftS.
bestimmung "Verschleppte Personen" des Abs. 5 dieser
Bekanntmachung fallen, haben die Vorschriften der Artikli
II und III des Gesetzes Nr. 53 der Militarregierung innerhalll
der 15tagigen Frist, die naCll Inkrafttreten dleser Bekannl
machung zu laufen beginnt, zu befolgen.
4. Gegen verschleppte oder staatenlose Person en wild
. innerhalb der 15taglgen Frist, die nach Inkrafttreten dieset
Bekanntmachung zu laufen beginnt, eine Strafverfolgulll
wegen .Verletzung der Artikel II und III des Gesetzes Nr.53
der Milltarregierung oder wegen Verletzung anderer eiD
schHigiger gesetzlicher Bestlmmungen, die den Besltz VOl
Devisenwerten veI"bieten, nlcht eingeleltet;
5. Der Ausdruck "Verschleppte Personen" im Sinne dieser
Bekanntmachung bedeutet verschleppte Personen der Vet
einten Natlonen und aile anderen Personen, die gleidl
solchen verschleppten Personen Fiirsorge und Unterstiitzunc
empfangen.
6. Der Ausdruck "das Amerikanische KontrollgeblEI
Deutschlands" im Slnne dleser Bekanntmachung uwa/3t lilt
Lander Bayern, Bremen, Hessen und WUrttem'berg-Badell
sowle den Amerikanischen Sektor von Berlin.
7. Die in Abs. 2 dieser B~kanntmachung genannten
Devisenwerte umfassen:
. a. Zahlungsmittel, mit Ausnahme deutscher Zahlunp
mittel;
b. Sebecks, Anweisungen, Wechsel und andere ZahlUll
gen verbriefende Urkunden, welchEl auf Personen au/3erhalb
Deutschlands bezogen oder von sotchen Personen ausgestelll
sind;
.
c. Wertpapiere und andere' dem Nachweis von Eigen
tum und Verschuldung dienende Urlrunden, welche SUI
gestellt sind auf:
(1) Personen auBernalb Deutschlands; oder
(2) Personen innerhalb Deutschlands, falls die
Urkunde in nlcht..oeutscher Wiihrung BUSge
drUckt 1st.
d. Gold- oder SilbermiinzeJl, Gold-, Silber- oder PlatiD
barren oder ·Legierungen davon in Barrenform.
58
e.
agen1
and
d\'Spi.
Fore!
to tho
receil
propr
II sta
apprc
owne
makh
9. '
. wtbhb
tem!)(
of
Pu
I. 1
tary (
pollsti
the a:
the s.
Urmt
2 l
Gover
Monol
dustry
cnfore
tend
effect<
3. 'J
design
Milita;
forcilll
respec
4. 'I
area t.
Justmf
In par
5. II
telizati
let for
No. 56
nance
lifter f
'J
ISSl
u.s.
C
Order
Second
Ordinal
Second
(Con'
Order 1
Ordinal
01sp1.
Regula!
Cune
Regula!
Mane:
�I
l The Land Central Banks have been designated as the
01 Military Gaverrunent for the purpose of accepting
safeguarding foreign exobange :assets surrendered by
persons pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Notice.
exchange ~ssets thus surrendered will be returned
the owner or holder thereof upon presentation of the
given in connection with such surrender, to the ap
.",.nriAU> branch of the Land Central Bank accompanied by
UND
statementfrOOl a duly au'l!h.orized represenltative of the
wropriate Land Office of· MIUtary Governm·ent that the
ner or holder is leaVling Germany for the :purpose of
a permanent change of residence.
t. 'Ihis N()tice ils atppLicalb'le and shall become eftectiVe
the Laender of Bavarira, Bremen, Hesse, aJlld Wuert
• 1OnJ>..r,~-Baden on 1 April 1948.
en dieser
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
onen, die
109 auf
ler haltCll
er nlichst
ntralbanlt
is bcllnd-· of Extension of. Time under Order No. 1 Issued
Ind gcgCll
Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 56-)
)zulicfem.
solche In
I. Under paragraph 4 of Order No.1, United States Mill
INationen
Government Law No. 56 entitled "Prohibition of Mono
'dernissen
Condltions·in the German Motion Picture Industry",
Devisen
·rden zur M al:ency designated by Military Government to enforce
es Lagel'l 2le said law may, for good cause shown, extend the time
heinlgunl imlt within which compliance must be effected.
2 Under paragraph 4 of Order No.1, British MllItary
gentiimer
Ordinance No. 78, entitled "Prohibition of
standigen
·sc.r'~'lpte IJIonopiolii;UC Conditions in the German Motion Picture In
the agency designated by Military Government to
itl
lit
. t:\
.es
the said Ordinance may, for good cause shown, ex
time limit within which compliance must be
ft. 2
NOTICE
1 The Bipartite Decart~liza:tion Commission has been
i!sIgnated theretofore by both the United States and British
Kilitary Governments as the designated agency for en
the aforementioned Law No. 56 and Ordinance No. 78
The recent currency reform in the combined economic
has necessarily required a temporary period of read
.ill:lm,'nt rendering the existing compliance dates alluded to
paragl,ap~h 1 and 2 above impracticable.
In consequence of th~ foregoing, the Bipartite· Decar
.IOII.Atinn Commission hereby extends the compliance date
forth In paragraph 4 of Order No. 1 issued under Law
56 and paragraph 4 of Order No.1 issued under Ordl
No. 78, from 4 months after 8 March 1948 to 8 months
8 March 1948.
8. Als Beauftragte der Mliltlirreglerung zum Zwecke der
Annahme und sicheren Verwahrung von· Devisenwerten, die
von verschleppten Persbnen auf Grund ·des Abs. 2 dleser
Bekanntmaehung a:bgelie.fert werden, mnd· die Landes
zentral.banken benannt worden. Die Ruckgabe der aut dfese
Weise abgelieferten Devisemverte an den Eigentumer oder
frUheren Inhaber erlolgt gegen Vorlage der bel <ler Ab
lIeferung ausgestellten Empfangsbescheinlgung bel der
zustlindigen Zweigstelle der Landeszentralbank, wenn glelch
zeitlg eine von einem bevollmiichtigten Vertreter des
.zustandigen Amtes der Militlirregierung ausgestellte Beschei
nigung darober beigebracht wIrd, daB der Eigentumer oder
friihere Inhaber 1m Begriff ist, Deutschland zum Zwecke
des endgUltigen Wechsels seines Aufenthaltsortes zu ver
lassen.
9. Diese Bekanntmachimg hat GUltlgkeit innerhalb dlt
Lander Bayern, Bremen, Hessen und Wiirttemberg-BadEm .
Sie tritt am 1. Ap~il 1948 111 Kraft.
I.M AUFTR,AGE DER MrLITARREGIERUNG
BEKANNTMACHUNG
fiber die Verlingerung der Vollzugsfrist
in Anordnung Nr. I, erlassen auf Grund des Gesetzes
Nr. 56-) der Militarregierung
1. .GemaB Ziff. 4 der Anordnung Nr. 1, erlassen auf
Grund des Ge.setzes Nr. 56 der Militiirregierung, "Verbol
monopoJartiger Verhaltnlsse In der deutschen Film
industrie", kann die von der Militlirregierung mit del'
DurchfUhrung dieses Gesetzes betraute Stelle In gerecht..'
fertigten Fallen die Vollzugsfrist verlangern.
.
2. GemaB Ziff. 4 der Anordnung Nr. 1, erlassen auf
Grund der Verordnung Nr. 78 der Britlschen Mllitlirregie
rung, "Verbot monopolartiger Verhaltnisse In der deutschen
Filmlndustrie", kann die von der Militarregierung mit der
Durchfiihrung dleser Verordnung betraute Stelle In gerecht
fertigten Fallen die Vollzugsfrist verlangern.
3. Von der Amerikanlschen und Britischen Milltlirregie
rung ist daraufhin die Zweizonen-Dekartellislerungskom
mission mit der Durchftihrung des obenerwahnten Gesetzes
Nr. 56 und der obenerwahnten Verordnung Nr. 78 betraut
worden.
4. Die Unlangst in dem Vereinigten Wlrtschaftsgebiet er
foIgte Wlihrungsreform erfordert notwendigerwelse zur Um-·
stellung eine gewisse Zeitspanne und macht daher die Sel
bebaltung . der In Ziff. 1 und 2 erWahnten VollzugsfristeD
untunUch.
. ...
5. Aus diesem Grunde verlangert die Zweizonen-Dekar-.
tellisierungskommlsslon die. in Ziff. 4 der Anordnung Nr. I,
erlassen auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 56, und die InZiff. 4
der Anordnung Nr. 1, erlassen auf Grund der Verordnung
Nr. 78. vorgesehene Vollzugsfrist von vier Monaten, ge
rechnet vom 8. Marz 1948 an, auf acht Monate. gerechnet··
vom 8. Marz 1948· an.
DIE ZWEIZONEN-DEKARTELLISIEIWNGSKOMMISSION
.) Ausgabe I, sette 16-17
16-17
'ANHANG
APPENDIX
mannlen
:ahluogs
S. Military Government Leg-islation Concerning
Currency Reform in U. S. Sector of Berlin
for Monetary Reform
Order for Monetary Reform
for Monetary Reform (First Ordinance)
Ordinance for Monetary Reform··
n Eigen
(Conversion Ordinance)
:he 8US
for the Stamping of Identity C.ards
.Ordin~mc:e for the Exchange of Currency by
DJsl)lac~ed Persons
all~' die
IltguIllti<ms Nos. 1-8 to the First Ordinance for
Reform
:r Platln- ...I,....nuJII!l Nos. 1-5 to the Second Ordinance for
Reform
Gesetzliche Vorschriften der Amerikanischen Militiir
regierung fiber Neuordnung des Geldwesens im U. S.
Sektor von Berlin
Befehl zui" Geldreform
Zwelter BefehI zur Geldreform
Verordnung zur Neuordnung des Geldwesens
(Erste Verordnung)
Zweite Verordnung ~ur Neuordnung des GeId~esens
(UIDStellungsverordnung)
Befehl aber die Abstempelung von Personalausweisen
Verordnung zum Umtausch der Wiihrung durch
verschleppte Person en
Bestimmungen Nt. 1-8 zur Ersten Verordnung zur
'Neuordnung des Geldwesens
.
Bestimmungen Nr. 1-5 zur Zweiten Verordnung zur
Neuordnung des GeldwesenSi
Zahluo
.uBerhalb
Llsgestelit
(
69
'
..
�~~r 6-ci~-L--· ~i-'-/7P~,11-~ (!-~::...«
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
I
MILITXRREGIERUNG
·JCU1
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
- DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANIS<;:HES KONTROLLGEBIET
ORDINANCE NO. 34
VERORDNUNG NR. 34
Amendment No.3
Dritte Xnderung der Verordnung Nr. 6 der
Militarregierung *)
to Military Government Ordinance No.6
"Military Government Court for. Civil Actions" *)
"Zivilgericht der MilWirregierung"
ARTICLE I
ARTIKEL I
1. Section 15 of Military Government Ordinance No. 6
1. Paragraph 15 der Verordnung Nr. 6. der
<VHllLclIn~"'H",·lllH!.
wlrd abgeandert durch Streichung der Worte ,,6
wo Immer diese vorkommen, und EinfUgung
"ein Jahr" an ihrer Stelle.
is amended by deleting the words "six months" wherever
they appear and inserting· in place thereof the words
. ."one year".
ARTIKEL II
ARTICLE II
2. Section 3 of Part II of Military Government Ordinance
No.6, which was added by Section f8 of Military Govern
ment Ordinance No. 18··), is amended by adding the
following:
"Causes of action arising on or after 4 October 1948
and the trial thereof shall not be governed by the
foregoing provisions of this section, but shall be gov
erned by the applicable German law except as it may
be otherwise modified by MiUtary Government/'
ARTICLE III
3. This Ordinance shall become effective within the
Laender of Bavaria, Hesse, Wuerttemberg-Baden, Bremen
and the United States Sector of Berlin on 4 October 1948.
3. Diese Verordnung tritt am 4. .Oktober 1948 in
Landern Bayem, Hessen, WUrttemberg-Baden, Bremen
dem amerikanischen Sektor von Berlin in Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
---------_ ...
_- - -
l\ULITXRREQIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
ALLGEMEINE GENEHMIGUN
NR.15
GENERAL LICENSE
NO. 15
Erteilt auf Grund des· Gesetzes Nr. 52 der
Militarregierung t)
(abgeanderte Fassung)
Sperre und Kontrolle von Vermogen
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 52t)
(Amended)
Blocking and Control of Property
Also known as
Auch bekannt als
GENERAL LICENSE
NO.9
ALLGEMEINE GENEI-IMIG
NR.9
Erteilt auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr.
Militarregierung ttl
Devisenbewirtschaftung
Issued Pursuant to Military Government Law No. 53tt)
Foreign Exchange Control
1. A gener·aI license is hereby granted permitting trans
actions which result in cl'I.."dits t(} ,blocked accounts existing
or t(} be esta:blished in the names Qf persons absent ·from
Germany provided that:
a. Amounts so credited are payahle in German· cU.r
rency and originate directly fram:
(1) ·au1:horized pensions and benefits under sodal
and private insurance policies which d(} not
exceed DM 3,000.- 'per annum in the case of
1. Hiermit w·ird eine allgemeine Gen'ehmigung ertcilt
Geschafte, welctle zu Gutschriften auf bestehenden
errichtenden Sperrkonten von Personen fUhren,
LlullerhaI-b Deutschlands 'befinden, mit der Ma~glllbe.
a. di.z gutgeschriebenen ,Betriige in deutocher
zaMbar sind ,und unmittelbar stammen aus:
(1) erlaubten Pensionen und Zahlungen a·uf .
von S~ial- oder pri'Vaten Versiche
zum Ht>chstbetrag von jahrlich
wenn es sj.ch urn wiooerkehrende
'J Issue
••) Issue
t) Issue
ttl Issue
.)
..)
t)
ttl
A. pages 73-78
F, page 10
A. pages 24-26
A, pages 36-39
30
Ausgabe
Ausgabe.
Ausgabe
Ausgabe
A,
F.
A.
A,
S. 73-78
S. 10
S, 24-26
S. 36-38
�Mit
handelt, und von DM 20000,-, we·nn es si,
um eine einmalige' Zahlun·g handelt;
(2) Za'hloungen flilli-ger ZLnren oder Riickz.ahlung,
des KapitaIs von Verbindlichkeiten, die .a.
deutschegesetzlkhe Zahlungsmittel lauten UI
von Personen in Deutschland solchen aufierhn
Deutsd1J.ands geschuldet werden;
(3) MieLzinsen, Gewi·nnanteHen oder ander'~n A,rt,
. von deutschen Vermogenswerten;
(4) Verm1ichtrissen oder Erbschaften oder Anteil,
an solchen;
b. ein gmtiger Vertrag aus der Zeit vor del' Kapitu};
lion besteht, auf Grund dessen sich del' Schuldner sei.n,
Zahll\lIlgsverpfikhtung nicht entziehen \rann und
c. die Betrage aus diesen GeschMten <lusschliefi.li<
dem KO'l1to des Versicherten oder BegUns'tigten, des GHil
bigers, Vermlichtnisnehmers oder Erben, oder des Ei,gel
tUrners gutgeschrieben werden.
2. Diese al:lgemeine Gene>hmigung 1st nicht als Ermacl
tigung zu solchen Zahlungen von Sperrkonten anzusehe
·fUr diekeine sonstige Ermachtigung di!r MiliUirregierur
vorliegt.
.
3. Geldinstitute, die Gutschriften auf die Konten vc
abwesenden Inha:bern vorne"hmen, haben sich zu vergewi!
sern, daJl die Vorschriften dieser alJgemeinen Genehmigul'.
einge'halten werden.
.
4. Die . gemaB dieser aUgemeinen Genehmigung gU;'
geooi1riebenen Betrage sollen nicht zur Abzah·lung vo
Sollsalden der Kontenin'ha'ber verwendet werden.
5. Diese allgemeine Genehmigung ist in den Lander
Bayern, Bremen, Hessen und WUrtt'~mberg-Baden undo so
weit sie nkht aUif Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 53 del' Militih
regierung erteilt 1st, 1m amerlkanischen Sektor von Berli
am 1. Juli 1948 in Kraft get,reten.
liM AUFTRAGE DER MLLITARREGIERUNG
regularly r.ecurring paymen ts or DM. 20,000.- in
the ca.se of non-recurring 'pay.r.Oents;
(2) due interest payments or repayn1ents of capital
with respect to debts expressed in German legal
~R.
tender currency owed by persons in Germany
Ig Nr. 6 der
to <persons outside .Germany;
(3) rents, royalties, and other forms of income from
Gtarman assets;
;ierung"
(4) legacies or inheritances. or distribuUve shares
therein.
A valid pre-capituLation contract exists under which
liability to effect payment cannot be avoided and
c. Amounts resulting from such transaclionsare cre
only to the a'C'Count of 1he poliCy hO'lder/benefkiary,
r,,~~Ja'cditor, Jegateelh·:lir. or owner concerned.
This general license Shall not be deemed to authorize
payment from any blocked account which is not otherwIse
~i""pulnor'ize,d by Mi,litar,y Government.
34
3. Financial institutions effecting credits to' the accounts
absentee owners shall satisfy themselves that the pro
of. this ,general 'license are met.
4. Amounts <lredited pursuant to this general license shall
be applied :to the reduction of. ·any existing debit
IlkIli:lm:es of 'the aocount holders.
...""',..0·.... "'''11.1
,er 1948 in
en, Bremen
:raft.
:mEGIERUNG
HLAND
,EBIET
IlIGUNG
r. 52 der
5. This general licen&e is effective within the Laender
Bremen, Hesse and Wuerttemberg-Baden and, ex
cept insofar as it has .been issued pursuant to MHitary
Government Law No. 53, in the US Sector of the Greater
Berlin Area, from 1 July 1948.
BY O:RDER OF MLLITAlRY GOVERNMENT
,
MILITARY GOVERNMENT...;.. GERMANY
UNITED STATES AREA OF CONTROL
NOTICE NO.3
under Military Government Law No. 53 .)
ilogen
Import and Export of German Currency
1. Notice is hereby given that US Military Government
Law No. 53 prQhibits the import of money into Germany
nCUNG
and the export of money therefrom, except as licensed or
authorized' tin instructions of Military Government.
2. Authorization is given for the import and export of
German currency in an amount not exceeding 40 Deutsche
Harks; prov}ded, however, that persons who proceed dail~
&cross the International frontier from. their place of resi
dence to their place of business, employment or professional
Illg erteilt fur
practice are only authorized to import or export an amount
llden oder zu
not exceeding 10 Deutsche Marks per day.
ren, die slch
ga;be. dafi
3. Any import or export of German currency in excess
:her W1ihrung 01 the amount so authoriz.ed will be prosecuted.
. 53 der
Grund
4. This Notice becomes effective in the United States
~e".
jen bis
Zone on 12 November 1948.
DM 3000.-.
BY ORDER OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT
e Zahlungen
nf
'I Issue A. pages 36-39
..
-------~------------
MILJTliRREGIERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
. AMERIKANISCHES KONTROLLGEBIET
BEKANNTMACHUNG NIt 3
auf Grund des Gesetzes Nr. 53 der MiliUirregierung'
Ein.: und Ausfuhr deutscher Zahlungsmittel
1. Es wird' hiermit bekannt gemacht, daB Gesetz Nr. 5
der Amerlkanischen Militiirregierung die Elnfuhr von Gel
nach Deutschland und die Ausfuhr von Geld aus Deutsch
land verbietet, falls kelne Genehmigung oder Ermachtigun
auf Grund einer Anweisung der Militiirregierung erteil
worden ist.
2. Elne Erm'achtlgung zur Ein- und Ausfuhr von deut
schen Zahlungsmitteln bis . zu einem Hochstbetrag. von. 4
Deutschen Mark wird hiermit ertellt, jedoch diirfen Per
sonen, die taglich die Internationale Grenze auf dem Weg
von ihrem Wohnsitze zu ihrem .Arbeitsplatz oder zu den
Orte, wosie Ihr Geschaft betreiben oder ihren Beruf aus
iiben, uberschreiten, einen Hochstbetrag vonnur 10 Deut
schen Mark taglich ein- und ausfUhren.
3. Die Ein-' und Ausfuhr von deutschen Zahlungsmitteh
in einem die Ermachtigung ubersteigenden Betrage wlrl.
strafgerichtlich verfolgt werden.
4. Diese Bekanntmachung tritt am 12. November 1948 ii
der amerikanischen Zone in Kraft.
1M AUFTRAGE DER MILITARREGIERUNG·
<) Allsgabe ·A.
S. 36-38
�. .
.
(
C3
v, \- A~\£.§ :P'~\:s\\!)"..,~AtmYi ~r:
..
OFFICE OFMIUTARY GOVERNM~NT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
.
.
,
,.
..
.i~~oi~~b \ ·/PROPERTY CO
.
I
~~J'"
~
c;..i
.
~
.
•
. IN THE u.S.-OCCUPIED AR' .. -Ii.,"ERMANY .
1945 -1949 )
SPECIAL REPORT OF THE
MILITARY GOVERNOR
�t"I"(UjJt.K I T liUNTROL
17-117
TITLE 17
DdInlIloll& DIldOI'
PROPERTY CONTROL
n-I
&cope of PI'OIM'ri7 Coall'Ol. - Proper\7 Control concenlll' tIM
ulobllahmeDt of control over \he proper\lel,of _
... IIbd cnpaI
zallOll8 .set fOl1h lD 1010 Law 1'10. 112, .... amended, and of orlam
18tlo... set lD \he Appendlo 10 Control ,Coundl Law 1'10.2, aDd'
.ucII properll.,. .... ....,. from time to time be aped.fted lD dlredIva.
Proper\7 Control Is _ldered en lDterim _
pendIDI
ultimate dIspoll1Uon.
(Hotblnl lD this 'Title will be lDterpreted to IIbroplo 4IrKtIws
of USFET/EUCOM, relaUve to \he COIItrol of properIJ of Unlted
NaUona DI.plac:ed Peroo... and !bole aaolmIlated to Ihem lD atatua
(UNDP'.) wllllin the U. S. Zone of Occupation In Germ&n7.)
II
I
•
~ obal1 mean an)' mtural _
.... coJleeUve peniODI,
juristic _ n a under publle or private law, and 1IlI1 lOvet"11DIent.
=u~~~v1s10lll, pubUc: ~ratlona, agencies.
i'.ln..
"8_ _ eDIerpr.Iaa'" aha1l mean an)' ~ lUI abOve defined
eBlBBed lD commercial, buatneu. or publ!C: weltIIn! aetlvltles.
n-in..
It. "11lItIonaI" of a Jtate or Ioyenunent sba11 mean a IIIbject,
cltlten, or partnenblp and an)' corporatloD 01' other juristic: penon
C!Zlatlng under tha lawa ot. or bavtDc a principal om.., lD the
terrltol7 ot. ...e~ Jtalo or lOVermnent.
'
PART 1
I
lola Law No. 51.
17-117.1
GENBBAL
8BC1'10N '"
17-117.&
11-100
ObJedlves ...4 GeIlenI Policies of ProperlJ' CoDll'Ol.
"GermaDT' shall mean tbe area conotltutlng "l:lu Deu1ec:be
ReIch" as It,exbted on 31 December 1837•.
11-101.1
General. - The objeetlve of Proper\7 Control Is 10 ensure that.
pe"dtnB ulllmale dlapoalUon of properly taken 1,,10 CWltody. aucII .
Propert7 will be wesuarded and malntalned without IUbltanl1al
depreciation In value of ..-1&,
11-1OU
·ObJeeililes of ProperlJ' CoDII'OI. - The control of proper\7 Is •
necessary step lD accompflsJilas Important ultlmalo objeclives of
the ·occupaUon. Includlns denaz!fleatlon. dem11ltarlalJoD, ""n
comltant delndwlttl,a1l:r.tlon, restitution, reparatlona, anci'relleL 111
CIU'T)'inC out deIw.IlIc:atlon, dem11ltarlatlon, and cIeID4uItrIalI
.allon, control Ia taIcen to remove deslilnated penon.t and orpnl~
18Uons from posItla... of power aDd lnIIuence. In a_mp1llhlnl
restitution. repara~, and rellef, control .III Ulten to, provtde
wtlmate ald to Hatlons and lDdlvlduals who were vletlml of Hat!
oppression.
.
17-n&
ProPeft7 Fuda. - Property fundi ate. funds RceJved as a
IWult of exerdsIng. ProPeft7 Control tune\looa. PropertY·tund.
do not lDclude bank or other ac:counlll eJ:IstInI as lIOPanote entiti.,.
(1. e, aecounlll wbo1l7 unrelated to properties under control) which
are blocked or frozen b7 1Il0 omc:era exerdsIng tlDandal tunc:tiou.
0nl7 bomk or other ac:counlll beloDllnl to a JI1'OI'G17 or Indlvtduall
whose propert1 II taIcen lDto ProPeft7 Conln>l CWltody are con
sldere4 as property tundl.
n-101
• ~ of Tille. -
'l'bb TItle ""Ill fortb the objectives and
pollcles and prescribes the rules and procedures which will be
, followed b7 1Il0 oUlcf:rs lD the U. S; Zone.lD the auperv1llon of and
the """trol of property. It will &lao 1Ovet11\he German authorities
In ""ard 10 custody and operational management of properllet tor
which they are to be made responsible. . '..
,
17·1.
&cope of Tille.
•
a. Under dlredIveo of 11 lIlay 19(8; "Tranlfer of Propertl' Con
trol Responalb11ltles lD Oreater-Hesse and Wllrttemberll-Baden to
Land MlnIater Presldenllo", CiS, OMOUS. 7 .;IUDe, 1M8, "'l'raaIfer of
Property Control ResponIllb11ltl... In Orealor-Hesse to Land
ubu..ter PresIdent," Resporudbllltles11 Seplem~toIIH1l, '-r~er
CIS, OMGUS.
of Property, Control
lD Bavaria
Land Wnlater
•
PresIdents." CIS, OMOUS, 11 !!ePtomber IM8,~ =~
Control Bespons!bIllUea lD am-. to tha 0
t,"
CIS, OMOUS, retIJIOIISIb11lty for c:ustody and admInIatration of all
, p:opetV uncler lola control was transferred to tha varIouI LAncler
of tIM US Zone. ThIa prQgI.'IIm of transfer of responalbUIt7 relalol
to c:ustody aDd admlnlstratlon 0ni7: dIapoaItion of PfOPeft7 belna
retalaed as an 1010 reIPOIIIiIb11l17 subJect· to the regul.a~ eel
fortli lD tbIa Title.·
.
b. 1IIaoIar as c:ustody and admlnlstratlOl1 of p:opetV 11 con
....rued the regula~ set fortb lD· tbIa TlIl9 IbaIl aPP17 onl;t will
IUch time as German authorities promulpte tbe:Ir cnm. regul.atloDl
tor c:ustody and admlnlstrallon of proper\7 aDd said relUla~ ....
approved by MIlllor)' Govemment. At that time parIlI of tbIa Title
con....rued with the above subject matter will be deleted from the:
Title.
8BCI'ION B
DEFIHITIOHS AND AllBRl!:vJATIONS
n·ll0
CIIIet. Property Control Braacla. - The ChIef. ProperIJ Control
Branch (CPOB). Ia the senlor Propertf Control Ol!leer' lD the
U.S. Zone.
.
n.-Iu
J)ep"'" ChIef, ProperlJ' Conlrol BnIII.dI.. - The Depu17 ChIA!t,
Propert7 Control Branch (DCPClI). II ..... oecond seDlor Property
Control om... In the U. S. Zone.
17-1U
Lan4 ProPeft7 CoDII'OI CIIId. - The Land Property Control
l~ Is the
1Il0 Property Control om_ at
"""or
t:'i
11~11'
Lan4 Property Control .o\IIII1aat ChIef. - The Land Propert7
Control AsIIIstant ChIef (LPCAC) Is the oecond leDlor ProPeft7
,Control otlIeer at Land JeveJ.
. '
'12-11'
Propert7 OoDtrolIer. - The Proper17 .Controller II the lIeld
feJJft$eIllotive of the LPCC.
, l'-UI
~
ProPeft7 Control
~dea.
17-118J.
LaAd Clv\l.lan ~q Bead. - Land Clv11lan Almer Heed
~v!t the head of \he German Property Control om.., al
17-11o.s .
~rk
Ctvlllaa Apnq
Bead. - ReaierunpbezlJ1c:
Clv11lan Agener Head (lICAH), If established. \I \he head of the
German Propert7 Control Omce at Regl~rk level.
,
11·110.1
ctrWua A,cetIe7 Bead. - Clv11lan Agcs:y Head (CAlI) 11 \he
head of the German ProperlJ' Control OUice at KreIa level.
n-ul
TIIIdDc Till.. -
Proper\7 Control does nol normaI17 indude
taIdn.c tiU" to property.
n-ns
. .Tn>e of ConInI. - AI to Unlted Hatla...
and Heut.rala proper
tiel, the I)'pe of eonlrol Impaled at an)' time Ia a matter
Wlthto \he dlacretIon of tile LIi'CC. un:lr>oa othenrlJe apedflca1ly
indicated b7 a blibef authorll7.
AI to 0eI'm&n propeor\l.... tbe t7Pe of control Imc>oR<I at
BD7 time II a matter wlthto the dl-..tlon of the LeAH unleaa
oll>erw.lae lpealacall7 todicated b7 MIIlIIaI7 Government.
·111 either _ , local delA!nntnatton u desirable bec::a_ tha
control to be uen:Iaed ma7 va., ~ to the nature IIlId
elr<:umstaneeo of eac:b .....
�PROPERTY CONTROL
1'-Ut
I'rbur7 ~ - ProIJOllV Control wiU not be ~
over propet1jes J10t embraced In MGR 11-300 below UDlesa ape
cUlea1I,y authorized by the CPCB or dinlc:Ied othflr'llrlle In the
Rqujattom bereln. Property _trol wiU _
appIT WIder lUll
oIrcumstances with respect In ~ which an pr\maI'1l7
of eoncem'to tire 11.S. Army or Na'97 or bmbcba of Mllltary
Government
.ole JlII.'UdlcUon over proper1Ia YUted (n
111!4 bnlllChes. Control wII1 _ be ae.rdled _ _y war'
IutelIationa or material ,'Imlea not -te4 by autbo1Ued branches
of the Army or Na'97, Dor _
8117 properiIa dnIred Inr uae
,or openUori by ot!rer authorized brancllel and . .endes at tbo
, 11. S. oceupatlonal Inrces and MlllIDr1 Government, even thOUCh
.IUCb ~ would otIrerwIae ...... ,wltIrID the ecope of MGR
".vtnc
, 11-300.
'
However, formal control aDd CUIIIody _
be taken Wb<!II
property I. re!esee4 by the Army, Na'97 or other branches of
MIlItary Goftl'l1ment, 1& beIq Ul!.dentood !bat IUcb property ~
be 4erequ\1I!ldoDed aDd reIunIed to Iba GermeIl economy without
, pI.aoInc IUch propertIet UDder PropertyConlrol.
'
1'-125
Applleatloa 'of DoeIt'Ine te CenIllA 8ituaUou. - In the all
_ . o f mstnIct101U1 from the DIrector, l'tnaIlee DlWIo... the
hmcUoAl of Propecty Control do not apply to ,the foIIowInc:
a. Operation of rattroadl by 'l'ransportation Corps;
b. Operation of PIT equipment by Si&nal Corps:
Co OperaWon of cIoc:U by NellY:
d. U... of bulldlDp by 11. S. IIjIelICIea or persomIeI Inr olBeea
IIDd billeli: IIDd
e. Control over fonqn exc:tump traNaetlons, the bIac:IdnI ot
, deposita In bankI or other flDlIftCIal IDBtltutlo..... or the blodr:
tng of negotiable tndnunentt .IUCb I I -ntles, bonda, etc.
which an not IOIIOCIated with teal propertiet, or other
propertiet normally taken IftID ProIJOllV Control custody an~
wh4ch an adequately aafagu8l'ded ud DO prIII:IIol,ptn
I. acIIleved tIrrougb toldng them Into CODftoJ.
' ,
OEm:ux. PLAN OF
.
AD::r~TION' Mm SUP~ON
.
,.
Datlet .r IWAD. iii _ral, the RC.\JI, If er.1ed, abaIl
.upenotse and coordIDate operaUons of each KreIa . . - , . and
aU CAH". in the RecI~ He abIIlI a1ao be... euc:b
a4ditlonal authority, duties, II2Id rupG'I1IIbIlitIet I I may, within
tba general lImitat!ou and requlrementt bereln, be delegated to
,him by the LeAH.
17·1H.1
PURSUAm' TO TRANSFER TO GERI\IAN AtlTHORlTIES.
l1-m
'rraast'l!I' te Oermaa A4mInImaIloil: Authority IIDd respoaoI
bUlty for admlntl\l'atlon of tire ProIJOllV Control program 'hll
been IraMferred to ae_ authorttlaa' IUbJed to obaervation
aDd bur,;Iectlon by and report. to the ProperI;y Control, Branch
to usure proper attainment of MG obJectiws. Authority over
aubatGDtlve ruIa governing property """trol bas not been trau
ferred to the German' authorltles. The 0ermIID government In
each Land In the 11. S. - . . aball bave the rapoaaIblllty for ad
mIDlatraUon. IlUbJed to such, IUtmtantl1le rules II an or may
be establl.shed by M'W1Dr1 Government ud to complluce with
M'1IlIDr1 Government In respect to InBpecIion and report&..
AI 'part of the transfer or administrative ~lIibUlty to the
Oerman IIOftmmellta, they are authori2ll:d to ~,theIr. own
pi..... for adrnlnll\l'atlve, O~iz8uon and ~raWOD to:.Jll!·~
m1~ to the ProIJOllV CoiitliO BranCh tor
Itt a<lequaey to GCCOmpllsh MG obJectives. Pending the oubm1sslon '
of web plana, It I. neceuary to pl'OYlde lID admlnlatrative .,.atom.
and ~ sect\ODll In tbIa chapter wtuch deal with admln1l\l'atlve '
detalb ,of, organization and operation are continued In elIeet
pending acceptance of a modlllc:atlon thereto or a ",batltute plan
origlnaUnl With a Land govemmenL
apPlOvani,dAitiinnlDe
DatIet or the CAD. The duties of the CAB and hta otrice
Include the Inllowtnl:
L Deddinll lnIliIalI,. wholc:b properUes an 'lUbJect to control
IIDd whether tIrey abou1d be taken under control:
b. 1'rIIt1na prGpe!:'tiet UDder control;
Co AppoInting ud nmovIna: custodians;
d. 'Preparing and aecutlng custodIaD contract. and, fbr:lDI f_
udot!rer terms thereof,alloubJect te IIpIII'O\I'al by the LeAH;
<I. DeddtoC lnItially ,questkms relat:InC to CUItodJana, bald......
under control, and partlculer operatlona or tnmsactIons:
f. A.c!mlnIstertng and supel"rialDg tba dee of tire CAB and
all Itt 1\mctI0JlII; .
II- SlllDiDI aDd fotwanIlAg an D-.r'1 reporIa;
b. Recordtog appropztateiT all U'anSaCtlOIU, II required on
MGIPO fomuL Unreported tnmsactIona wiU be wldeble at
the 'dIJeretIOft of the LPCC:
L Acttvely 8IIIdatInIi anil coopmatlng with Property Conlrollen
or other 'repn!lmltatlves of the LPCC In lUll trlapediloa or
.u.sr.t of b!.I' office or recordl or IIDY inveatlSalllon relating
to Property Coftlnll in bls Kretr,
1. Cooperating with KftU MG SecurIty and LIaboIl Detach
maatt and Occupallonal SecurIty Valli:
'k. CIlrr:Jtac out 8117 apecIal 1nItrUct1_ or onIerI transmitted
10 bIm by or tIu'tIup the LCAH or RCAH.
17-111
,
",;
1'·1.
17-131.1
LIDe of ....lIOIIIIblllt,. of GeI'IIUIII. AaUtoriUeli. - ,The CAR
lI.reaponsIble to aDd recetvea orders ,«rom the LCAH. Sud! re
8POftB!blHty ma,. run direetl1 or through the
of the 'ReAlI.
wIIo transp>ltt orO!rs of the LeAH aDd exercisea certain additional
• uthority .. delegated by the LCAH. The LCAH' I. respocIIIIblo
to the Mlntsterpnl.sldent of each Land. No ot!rer Oerman otIIclala
shaU have authority In Property Control functions.
,
Germaa Propert,. Control Oftt_ _
OIddalo. There I.
estabHsbed (n each KreIs a Oerman Property Control Ol!lce UDder
the dlreetIcn of a CAH and in each Land a GemIaII Property
Control Oflloe under the dInct!Ion of, a LCAH. There " a1ao
authorized, when required, a Oerman ProperI;y Control Om.:e at
Re8lerunglJbedrk level under the direetlon or lID BCAH.
:~~!"rk~tbattlnghema:~ngtoco== ~i'rI~~~
Daua of ,1IIe LPCa. - The LPCC hll general ~
authori'ty over tba Prope:rty Control progrem in the' partk:uJar
Land and S. ruponaIbIe for Itt proper adm1nlatratlon by aerman
ottkUla. He will eD.IUnI !hat bIa' field ttott ac:compliabe. Itt
l\mctIona of inapecf4on, IAYelt4gatiOft, aDd the IIIv111« of aailtanoe
to GemIaII aulboritlea. He WOl _ _ that Property Controllen
ktion to be taken.
om_
!
I
I
'''"
t.
l>
,
,
»(
.
,.
r-
17
a~
he
nil
of ~ ControUen. - The Property ControlleT I.
oot lID intermediate o:&:er but It a field tepI'eIeIltative of the
Ll'CC. HI. duUet IDdude tile following:
'
L FumiabIng lalnrmatlOD In partlaJIar e&II!II aDd .",plaIDInl
important proyIaIona of taws, resulatdona, aDd estabUshed
poUey:
b. AaurlDI that b8l1c rule.. 1!m1lntlolll and polley III'e being
correctl:r observed IIDd tlret procedure S. proper and uniform;
Co OIecIdna on-Ieneral admI.td.Itratlve adequacy, recordl.l\ll.
aeeountlng and auditing:
'
d. Con4uc:tIDl l~ftI aDd Inveat\gallo.... either by order
of fIIle LPCC or on hta own iIIItJatlve, wlfIIl or without
noUce to the otaee.s, otaclalt, otbel' persoIUI or ~.
17-113
All Ballo IixIauna ' - Dtrect1_ aDd l'I>IIetet Unc:lulBpd.
- Transfer of the Property ContNl pro_ waa admInII\l'ative
not lIUbaIGnlive In nature, eftedIIDr merely a chMge of penoJUI
.lIDd ofl'kel performing particular duUell. All oubatantive rule.
governing Property Control remain una.Ifected.
"
A
,d
~
Oetoeral IIbaner of 811perytDoa or GeI'IIUIII. AufIIortlI... - All
MG poHcles, 'dlnc!ive.. and 1nItrUct10Jl11 Oft Property Control sub
Ject., wblc:b originate at OMGUS or Land level, will be trans
mitted through t1ul Lanet Dlrector of OMG to fIIle MInIsterprIs\
dent, or by the LPCC to the LCAH, their respeetlve duly autborlz
ed agents.
I
i_
..
'"
•
"~U
n-uz
t
':'?j:;:. '
.:~,~~~;
':??"
:_:;":<t"
l
;~,
~~:
,~~;"
,:.
'~.',
;,
,
In~ted:-
n·1H
.
....poIIIIII>IUtIaa or ~t. - The LeAH under the;
ldIn1sterprIII4ent of each Land abaU be rapoftllble for the aafe
guardiIng of prolJOllV under control aDd for the general ad
,mlnbtralloo. of the Property Control propam. He wiU be IlUbJect
to .IUCb I\Ipel'V\.oIon, rettrlct1o.... audltt IIDd 1Ubm1tta1 of reporIa 81
may be required by MlllIDr1 Government.:
'
17-11"1
DaU.. .r LOAD. -'The duUet of \be LCAH and his ol'f!ce abaU
Include the foYow!,ng:
.. eneral ltaponlllbl1ity (or PrOperty Control AdmIDtI\l'aUoIL
G
The LCAH .baIl be primarily I'eSpGDlIlble for proper organ
ization to ensure dedlve hmttlonlnl of aU oftlcea and
otllc:la.. tn the admln\str8t:1on of the Property Control pro
~,
'
'
e, Guarding "alDat uy
(1) Improper, lr'regular, or frIIuduIent tr8Dl8.etlOftI IUc:b as
Uftautlrorized lise or di.posUiOA of aaetI or
(2) Favorltllm or dlacrimInaUOD ClOIl\rary to MG obJedives;
f. The ProIJOllV CoDtroller w1I1 cooperate With aDd .....t
the CAB In the dedlve ImplementatiOD of Property Control
hmc:t40111 at the ICreta leveL He wiU act. I I lID J.ospectot
IIDd advise tha CAB ?t an,. Irresutaittlet or procedurea that
'are not In accord willi MG poikdea. He wiU Iolon'll the
CAB of all deficiencies noted; Ihoaa that an DOt ~
locally wiU b reported to the LPCC. In the tatter _
ftlftedlal act10n wII1 be talttated, at Land level aDd appro
priate ~ IUUIOd b,. the LC.AB Ihrougb aerman
cbannels. In urgent caaeo or emergencle. Ie. II- to safeguard
aueta) ProperI;y Controllers may act Immedl.atdy III circum
.tanc:u require, In the lIlIme of the LPCC, but wlU report
the faetl III writing to the LPCC Within 48 bours.
�~nU~~KII
17·11'1
(
,
a.:trtcuo... _
uul ~ .f AaUlorltJ' bJ' MllIIarJ' Q .....
........... RestdctIonJIlmpose4 on Getman ottidala and powers
~ 10 and retoIlled by MQ oUldalJ are III follow.:
a. I'ropertJ' woed bJ' u. S. occupational fo.,...,. of MIlitary
~al,
,
German Mltborltles shall have co Jurisdiction 0VI!r property
DOW or hereafter occupied or woed by U. S. occupational
forces or MllItarJ' Governmat dur:ln& the pertod or auch
00CIIP8DC)' ,or ......
b. Property Or United Nations and Neutrala.
With respect 10 property of Ulllted NatlOlll and, or NeutralJ
and their t:l8t1onals, c:uslodillllll may not be appolnted or
removed, contraeta or cuatodIaII8 mq not be conaummated
or cancelled, and property may not be relellled from control.
wtthout prior approval. of the LPOC. TIle CAR may auspend
cualodIlIN or IIIdl properUes pendlni llnal action bJ' the
LPOC. but any aucb BllSpl!naion mUllt be reported Mthln two
da)'lllo the property Controller.
t. ~atloa of General Aulbority of SUpervision. Oennan olllciala at Land and lower levell wlll be aubject
Io,ceneralauper\islon by the LPOC.
PAIlT I
OPBllATJONAL PLAN 1'0& P&OPBltTJ' CONTROL
SECTION A
RELATION BETWEEN BLOCKING CONTROL AND PROPERn
CONTROL
n·u,
&eapoIIIIWUl7 for II10dLIq Control. - PropertIes .ubjec:t 10
MG Law No. 52 nol ac:tuaUy taken under control wlll continue In
be aubJec:t 10 BI.acIdn& C4ntrol under the provision. or Tille 18,
MGIL Sueh properUes aa are taken lLlo custody bJ' I'ropertJ'
C4ntrol wll1 no loager be subjec:t to bloeldng control and wlll be
admlnl.tered entirely bJ' Property ControL TIlla Indudea blocked
bank accounts whIch mq belons 10 aueb property.
SECTION B
PROPERTY CONTROL PROCEDURE
Procedlll'll or ~1aIIIbhIa& Control. - Whenever It Is neceasar:v
to establlsb control over a prOpertJ' the followlni two basic .te",
will be taken:
a. Post or deUver Notice of Custody - Form MGIPC 1; and
to. EDte~ property on Property Reconia ...,. Forni. MGIPC :. and
.dispose of the form as .dlrec:ted In OMGUS, AG -letter 010.8
(FD), 25 Feb .'. subjec:t: Property Control AeeounUDII and
Auditlni Procedure. and LeaaI Forms.
Postlni the Notice or CUlltody doea not In Itself constitute takInII
contmL Notices may be posIed pendiDg Ilna1 detormlnatlon aa
to advlaahlllly of, laklnll control, and Notice may be removed
MthIn a reasonable period. Such preliminary postlll/l8 may be
resorted 10 111 exceptional circumstance., eo II-. llivlni temP<>l"8l"l'
protec:tlon 10 property subject 10 the II1Ittal Jurisdiction or other
branc:hea of MIlItarJ' Governmenl If temP<>l"8l"l' c:uatoty I. to be
taken; the word "temporary" will be II1aerted 111 the tllle of the
Notice befoOl "custodT'. and 111 the _ d Une of the Notice
"temporarily" will be II1aerted after :'declared-.
17-au
Procedare for MlIID~ C4Dt1oL
n·U1.1
BeeoedIDr Mattera Afleellq C:Oatrol. - When control b.. been
establlahed. • i'eeordInI of all perUDent mattera dec:tlni the ex·
en:lae of control over such property will be made. ThIs will be
clone bJ' preparI.nJ the Report or Property Transaetl..... (FonD
MGIPC I). 'u the property Is an operatlni property or other In
come producing property which b permitted 10 conUDue operatln;l
Ita buaIneu, the followlni wll1 be done:
a. Dell"er Property Control Letter of Instructlona No. 1
Form MGIPCOItm:11, and
•
II. Sec:ure financial ztatement or ~I date and pe.rlodIcal
tlnanclal ....temenl&
'
17·lW.I
OpenUoD of BtWaea £ate........... - Unlesa otherwise directed
and subjec:t, 10 such further Umltatlona as may be Imposed by
any business enterprlle under Property
Control mq encqe 111 all transactlone ordlmrily Incldatallo the
normal conduct of Ita bualnesa actlvlllea within oecupIed Germany
provided that such buslneaa enterprise may not engase 111 liny
tranaactlon which, cllrectly or Indirectly, aubatantlnUy d1mInlahea
or Imperlla the _
or .uch enterprise or otherwise preJudittally
deeta Ita flnanelll poll lion.
MIlIlarJ' Govemmenl,
n-au
C4Dtrol TIIro.... CulodIau. - Property C4ntrol wlll normally
be exercised throUllh euslodlana. Acceptable c:ualodl..... manaser.,
and operaUnll qenta of controlled properties wll1 be authorized to
aIC&Ce 111 neceuary Qnd desirable tranaactlons M~ ..,.peeI! there
10 ...b~ec:t 10 the following overall prohibition. which may be reo
moved 111 particular c:aJeII bJ' obtaining the approval of the CPCB
111 tbe c:aae of Ulllted Nations and Neutrala properties and the
LPCC In the c:aae of other prOpect.les:
Mil DOt be encumbered, .old or other
a. That capital _
_
dIopooed of; and
b. That operaUDII properl1ea wll1 Dot be altered In character,
IlOl' wll1 ohllsaUone be Incurred eX""'t aa Incldatal to the
ordinary eourse of busineas; and
'
,~ Thai maximum allowalUlell for actual llvlni expen_ to
mmel'll and their fomIllea will not exceed &mounta spedlled
In General Llc:ense No. 1 - (Form MGAF-Ul)).
vUNIHOL
SECTION C
COORDINATION OF PROPERTY CONTROL PROGRAM WITH
LAW FOR LlBERATION FROM NATIONAL SOctALlSM AND
MILITARISM (MGR *5001
n-DS
GeIIeI'III Propert)' C4l1trol POUC:r &eapecuq !be Law for U
beraUoa. - To accompllah Propert)' C4ntrol objectives, Property
Control proeedu"", must be dosely coordinated Mth the prosram
, ouWned under the Law for Liberation. 'TI1Ia coordination wll1 entall
aasumptlon of control of property aa soon as ""'und! appear and
the retention thereof until a final declslon Is rendered, When an
Indlvldnal's atatua Is determilled by ftnal deell1en of a tdbunal,
such dectslon wll1 be respected Mth relation to hb Or t.er
~roperty.
n-DS.1
De&lU.... of FInal De~ - Final decision m4!'1na a decision
from which no appeal .an be Ialren and whl.h determlnea the
statUII of an Indlvldnal and dlaposltlon of hi. or her properly pur.
auant to the Law for Liberation (MGR 24-500), ,
n·au
PoUq l'I'Ior 10 FInal DedIkm. - UnW llnal declsl..,s under
the Law for Liberation, German Property C4ntrol olflclala Mil
take proper1J' under control as lOOn aa any around! appear th...... _
for, (__ ~G Law No. 112 and aupplement thereto and thO! T..... for
Liberation from National SocIalism and Militarism), and will re
lease property ollly wha elearly jUlltllled bJ' co~boraled ra....
In accordance with thIa pollt)' of conservlnll property. preliminary
c.lasslflcatlon, whereby individuals are placed 111 Class 1 or :I bJ'
pubUe prosec:uton, MU be fully and promptly _peeted by laklnll
aU the 1I1d1v1dua1'. property under control pending tlnal decision.
TWa permit, German otfidalJ to take control or to relaln control
already taken, notMthstalldiDg a decision 01 a tribunal which haa
not
beooIne final and whleb doea not order conflacation.
,...1
n-zss.s
PoI1eJ' ane.. FInal DeeIoI..... -' Final de.lslon of tribumla will
be fully respected and toUowed. Atter any lInal declslnn wWch
does not order property conflscallon, any property of the Individual
already under control will be released unless llround! other than
pollUcal or mlUtartaUc Incrtmlnatlon exist for retaining control
(I.e., duresa property owned by an 1I1d1v1dual exonerated under
the Law for ,Liberation). Any property or the Individual not al
ready under control will not be taken Into control on "",unda of
pollUcal or mllltorlstie Incrimination of said Indlvldnal so 10l1,li a.
said dectslon remains effective.
n·DS.4
Elfect.lwe A.ctIoDa taItea after FiDaI Decbloll. - Where any c:ase
Is ....opened for any reason whatsoever, the case wll1 be con
sidered ... reverUnll io Its statUII beiore tlnal decision. When the
Minister for PoUtieal LlberaUoD pardona an II1dividual or vacates
or modifies .. tlnal decision without ordering tlnal disposition of
the Individual property, the ease will aIao be COnsidered as ....
vertlng 10 Ita statUII before final decision until the LeAH haa been
Instructed In wrltInII by the Mlnlsler of Poll tical Liberation, If
release of the II1dividual property b Intended.
17-U6
Proeedlll'll alld Stepi to be taketl b)' Germ... Of8da1a to
Elteetuale 'eonn-UoD Orden..
n·Z14.1
A a I _ t of Peraoane. 111 Offlee of CAR to ooordtaate Open;..
ilea wlUI the Law for Libel'aUGII. The LCAH wlll assign one
or more individuals (dependina: on number of acting tribw\,al.a) In
the otIIce or the CAR 10 etfec:t conUnuous liaison with publl.
Pn>aec\ltora. TIl_ Individuals, 10 be called LIaison otIIcers, wll1
be available 10 tesllty, ask ~estIona, and otfer aullllestlons
resardlnll proper1J' dur:ln& the proeeedlnp.
n-uu
Procedare Prior to A4jadleaUoa. TIle foUowmll steps wll1
be takea by Ule CAR prior 10 adjudication:
~ LIaIJcm offleera wdll be o~ 10 secure elasslflcatlon
IIsta of Class 1 and I offend.... and deUver them 10 the
CAR who M11 take prompt action 10 place property under
control;
" b. LIaIson oI!Ieer. M11 be ordered 10 famlUarlze themselves
Smerally Mth information available 10 the pubU. pro.....
culor·. ottice and 10 report such InformaUoD 10 the CAR 111
order 10 tacllttate action bJ' the CAR at 'IIIe proper time.
n·1t3&.I
Prooedan ane.. FInal DedIkm. -, TIle foUowIng .tepa wll1
be taka by the CAR after IInal deell1en:
a..A written copy of the tinal dealslon will be flied 111 the
otIIc:e of the CAR,
b. If eonfisc:aUon Is not ordered, and U no o1her around!'
exIat tor retalnlna: control, any property of said 1I1.dl\1dual
then under contml ahaU be prompll7 reiellled;
Co If the decision ordera contIacatlon, Ute CAR ahall ac:l
promptly In arc:oedance the.-!Ih.
SECTION D
RELEASING PROPERTY FROM CONTROL
LCAH". wll1 release property from
O-SSOna for Beteue.. custody under the fol1owing conditione:
a. Whenever the CPCB dI~ the turnlns over 01 the property
10 a dellsnated penon,
b. Whenever It Is detemrllled that the property wu taken
11110 c:uatody In error;
,
Co Upon the rewrn of an abaenllee owner. where control of
the property wu Ialren under Section I (t) 01 Article J
of MG Law No. 12. and upon aubmI..lon or acceptable proof
of ~erahlp, of eltlzenahlp, and of poUllcal reUablllty;
�t"nut"t.n
I I
d. Whenever the owner hal been cleared, or hu ..tisfled the
aanctloos, If any, imposed on him under the Law for UbeT
atlon from National SoaIaUsm and MlUtartsm:
e. Whenever the own<>r of the property, under SectIon 1 (eI)
of MG Law No. ~2, hBl been released from deteaUon or any
, other type! of """tady by MUltary Government, and the
property Is not otherwise within the 'lICOpe of· MGR 17-300
below;
f. Whenever a turn-over award. order or InatruCUon III
received from J\eparations Section or KesUtuUolIS Control
Branch of Military Government (approvaimuR be obta!ned
In advance from Ule ResUtution Control Brandl, OIMGUS
(Rear), APe 757, Franldurt-Hoeeh8t, before Property Controi
ofllclals may releue any property that was removed from
anyone of the followtnC oc:c:upIed countries:
Hungary
Albania.
Austria
Italy
Belgium
LUl<eIIlbourg
Buillana
Netherianda
Czechaslovakla
Norway
Denmark
Poland
Finland
JIoumanla
France
U.s,SA
Greece
YU/losIavla);
I- Whenever the property Is requisitioned for use, _rallon,
or other purpose by the oa:upationai fa...,.. or other
branches of MIlltary Government;
h. UpoD recommendation of the Mlnlaterprlsldent 01. the Land.
or the appropriate dvll authorities In the case of Berlin
.Sector, with the approval of the CPCB;
{
\,
I. Whenever directed by the LPCC 40 releue to LInder lOVern
ments upon appropriate receipt, under the provisions
of MGR 17-313.1.
17-141
Beleases of Property 10 U. S. OecapaUonai Fo...,.. anll other
Branehes. Property actually takec under control may there
after be requisitioned by or turned over 10 the ooc:upatlonal forces
and other branches of MlUtary GovernmenL In tibia case tb!
LCAH will, by order of the LPCC, release the property concerned
from the Property Control books by entering proper notation on
the Report of Property Transactions (Fonn MG1PCI3). Such
notaUon will include deslgnatl"" of umt or braneh, name of
commanding officer, date of release, statement of condition at
ttme of release, and. any other relevent IDlonnaUon. It Ibe
property In question belongs 10 a Unlted Nations GoverDment or
National thereof, such fact will be called 10 the attention of the
commanding oUicer of the unit or branch to wtdch the property
III released.
17-W
Property Sab~ 10 InstrueUop" ..... Ordera of LeAD. - The
LCAH In all cues will Ioke the fallowiDI steps whenever It III
necessary to release any property, IncludInB· funds, from controL
L In case of Unlted Nations' and Neutrals' praperties wr4tten
approval of LPCC will be obtained (see MGR 17-137 b);
b. Tbe proper notation will be entered on the Report of
Property TransaeUon (MGIPCI3). Such notation will in
clude
(1) Name and addle.. of releasee,
(2) Release date,
(3) Reason anellor authority for release,
(4) ·Any oUler information pertaining 10 release,
and
(II) SIgnature of LCAH;
c. A written certUlcate will be secured In tr4pHca1e from the
releasee In case of German etc. properties and from quadri
parUte of Unlted NaUons and Neutrals properties con
°talDing _
.
(1) Property ...rial number, description and loeeUon of
property, and
(2) Acknowledgement of receipt of property;
d. In the case of properties of United Nations and Neutrela,
the signed Original will be attached to the MGIPCIS reportlntl
the releue ..... forwarded to the CPCB. 11le duplicate,
triplicate, and quadnlplicate copies will be retained by the
LPCC, the LCAH, 'and CAR, respectively. In all other caaea
the signed original will be attaehed to the MGIPCI3 reportInB
the' release and forwarded 10 the LCAIL Tbe duplicate
and triplicate will be ~ed by the LPCC and CAlI,
respectively.
"
D
PART S
PROPERTIES TO BB CONTROLLED
Jl
,e
~:''::
is
.1
'''~~'
d
~;:'~~~j.
.. "
...
,~
".;~:
1IIl,
,,{
en
of
,I
;"f
8BCl'10N A
GENERAL
17-1OG
. Oeneni Rale. - All soon BI grounds therefor appear, LCAH's
will establish and maintain Property Control over aU properties
as deftned In MGR'. 17-120 and 17-121, owned or cortroiled, direct1y
or' indirectly, In whole or In part, by the various categories of
perIODS ..... orpnlzations described In: ArtIcle I of MG Law No.
~2' except u· supeneded by MG Law No. 54 with respect to c:er
lain categories of property; the appendiJ: to Control Counctl Law
No. 2, 'Geneml Order No. 1 and supplements thereto lJaued pur
JWlDt 10 Law No. ~2; the organizations described by MG Law
No.5, MG Laws Nos. 77 and 191; Control Counctl Laws Nos. 9
and 10, subject 10 the limitations ..... exceptions stated In Title 17,
MGR. Control of Property will a1ao be uswned u provided In
the Law for IJberation (MGR 24-500 and MGR 17-235) u lOOn
u IfOWlda appear, and such control will be retained unW a ftnal
dedalon III rendered.
'.
8ECI'ION B
PROPERTIES OF THE GERMAN REICH, LANDER, PROVINCES,
AND POLITICAL SUBDMSWNlI.. THEREOF - ARTICLE I
.p."a. 1 (a)'OJ' MG LAW NO. 52
vVI~ I nVL
17-11'
'hk1q (loatnl Depeadeod oa D_aII01I of U.....
LCAB'. will take control oYer properties In thIII. clua after the
German IOYeI'DIIlental qmey or lnatnm.entallty conc:emed III no
Ioncer In exIIItence. LCAH'. will not exerdae control when the
properties an wed 10 house or to fadlltate nonna! functions of
covernment or public services permitted by. MIlltary Goyemment,
e. II-. property oecupted by mlnlatries and other deparimenta of
IOftmIIlent, and property wed as lire stations, pa1Ice staUoa..
prtaona, public aehoola, ..... hoIpltala.
,,-eney. _
17-111
DootrIne of Prfmar7 eoa-a AppllCllllJe..- InlUally the proper
ties described In ArtIcle I, par. 1.. of MG Law No. 52, .... the
primary o;oneern of tIui U. S. Anny, Navy, or other hnncha of
MIlItary GoverDmenL Rence, LCAB'. will take no action with
respect 10 sueh properties except with apecIal authorization of
the Mlnlaterprllldent concerned. Unless. speclAcally Instructed
herein relative 10 parUc:ular types of. property, LCAII!a ,will ~b1IIIh control In these cases only when:
.
L DIrected by the MlnlaterpS'ls\dent conc:emed, or In the ease
of _ I qendes by the Llnderrat or by Military Govern
ment:
h. The a\II!Dey havlnC prtmary conc:em hal <OIDpleted Ita mil
IioD or taU: In connection tberewlth and hu 10 Indlcated In
wrlUnc 10 the LCAB;
eo The Bleney haIIiDI prtmary CODeerD hu indicated that Its
Interest In the property hu ceased; or
d. The qeney havlnl prtmary CODeerD hu released the proper"
.tt, or hu arranced for Ita transfer to Property ControL
17-SU
8peciaect Property fa ta be (loaaIdeftCI wUhhs thIa CIaa. _ In
addition 10 the spedftc cluaea of property dexribed In ArtIcle I,
par. la of l'dG Law No. U, the followiDI propertlea an to be con
sidered within thIa c1ua and taken Into control onlJ when the
provisions of MGR 17-310 ..... ·MGR 17-311 an sat1alled:
L ·The lleIchsbahn and other transport facIlIUes belODIInI to
or controllecl by the ReICh or ...,., of Its political 1IlbdI
vIaIona or munldpalltles;
h. The post, telegraph, aDd telephoM propertIea of the ReIch;
eo CasUes, museuma, libraries and· archives;
•
d. UUlIUes, monopolies, puhlIc undertaldnp and pUblic ~
nUona;and
'
e. Public forests.
.
17-m
JartacUcUoa of LlDIl. aver WehnaaoId Property. _
17-11J.l
QeaenL - MG Law No. 54 cranta 10 the Land the r\lht to
poaaesslon and use of all property, both real and peraonal, suit
able for agricultural purposes or required for accomocbtioa' or.
setUement of Germans and oth...., UUe to which wu held by any
of the following:
L The Supreme CollllDBDd of the German Armed Forces; the
.
German Army, Navy and AIr Forces;
h. The SA (Stunnabtellungen), NSKK (NB-KrafUahrkorps),
NSFK (NS-FlIecerkorps), SS (Schutza1la1!eln) and SD (SI
cherheltadlenat);
eo The German 1IeIeh, Ita departmenta 01\ asendea, for or In
the Interest of O~tIoa8 lIated In aubpen. L and
h. above;
d. Azi.7 officer of or\lBlllz8t1ons lIated under subpen. " and
b...bove, In hili olftdal capadtt; and
.
e. Azly other organlzaUon or penon, far or In the Interest of
: = U..... or persons lIated under auhpan. ° a., b., and
' . 0
17-01.1
(loatral AlreacIy Taltea Oftlr Wehnnacht Property 10 (loa
UDaL - MG Law No. 54 conYeyll to the LInder the possession and
use of IUeh property descrlbedJD MGR 17-311.1 above ·u III sult
ehle for agricultural P\ll"pQSe8 or required
"ccommodation or
settlement of Germans or oth.era", The Law does not apply, how
ever, 10 property of thIa Dature which III now or herea1ter used.
occupied, or In the CWIiody of the U. S. oc:eupationai forces or
MIlltary GovernmenL LCAH'. will continue control· already taken
over barracJa, buildlnla, and other pmpertIea of the WehrmachL
for
17-111.1
(loatrol of AIl4lUonai Wehrnlaebt,. Kr!epmuine, anll LaftwaIl'e
Properties. - AlIWehnnacht,·Kr!1!IIlJDUU'\ne, and Luftwafte proper
Ues, real or personal; DOt suitable for agricultural purposes or
for oaccommodatlon or settlement under the provWons of MG Law
No. 54 will be taken Into c:aatod7 by LCAH's sublect to the fol
lowInI exceptions:
.
L Property held or belne used by the U. S. oc:eupatlonal
forces; and
h. Property held or beInI used by other branches 'or divisions.
of MIlltary CJ<wernmenL
17-111.'
Power 10 Be,.... ~on lIeaerved. - Military Government
reserves the power to regain possession or otherwille BllUlDe con
trol over any properties transferred 10 the LAnder under the
Law. LPCC's will not exerdae thIa power without the .pecillc
authority of the CPCB.
..'
17-SU.5
Reports from LInder. - The LAnder IOvernment will be re
quired 10 fumlllh the reports OIl all' properties subject to MG
law No. 54, whether or not Suitable for agricultural purpoiea or
required for' accommodetlon or .setUement of Gennana, LCAH's
will forward copy of IUeh reporla to: Olftce of ChIef, PropUty
Control Branch, Finance DIvision. The report wW conatItute the
bBlIII for directives from the CPCB authorizing LCAH's to establish
control over millteoy properties of the Gennan ReIch or the In
come derived from their use.
�SBC'DOJll' 0
PROPERTIES OF ENEMY STATIIS OTHER THAJII' OERI4AJII'Y
- ARTICLE 1 PAR. 1 (h) OF 1I/IG LAW . 1l0. 52
n·.
Until further ptOIDUlptlolUl an. IAued by
lI/IlIllar7 Governmmt, LCAH'a will. OW establlab aDd' mallltait•.
CIOIltrol over NCb propertIs deocz1bed In Article I, par 1 (b), 01.
MG Law No. 52 u an. owned or controlled by the tolIow1", natioD*
or tbelr natloDal.l:
QeaenIe ..... -
{
\
L
BuliarIa.
17·_
~ I'I'otMrt7 of . G e _ lIatIoDaIL LCAB'. will
eatablleh _1101 over abllDdoned properly beloIIIInII to 0ennaIl
naUonalt, whether NCb penona are inside or oulalde of Oerman:I,
or when! IIIch properly would 0IberwI.. come within the _pe
of MOB. INICO ~
17-181
b. BUDPlT.
Co
SBC'DON 0
PROPERTIES OF ABSENTEE OWNERS - ARTICLE 1 PAR. I(t)
OF KG LAW No. 8S
Itab'.
do Japan, aDd
e. RumanIa.
ucnOIf D
PROPERTIES OF NSDAP. NSDAP OBOANJZATIO!18 AND
NSDAP OFFICIALS AND MElI/IBERS ARTICLlt 1
·PAR. He) OF MG LAW NO. 52 AND .r.PPZNDDt TO CON·
TROL
LAW NQ. 2
17. .
NSDAP ............... Loeai I'IIrt7 oree.. - LCAB'. wlU
lmmedIalel7 eatablleh aDd IDIIIntain CIOIlIroI oVer NSDAP IJea4.
quarten ...d Ioc:al I'IIrt7 dee., and propertIa 01. orpaIIalIoDII
and ..-Ia1IoDII controlled by the NSDAP. u deIc:ribed In Itz.
Ucle 1. par 1 (e), 01. MG Law No. ., and the appendtr to Control
Couridl Law No. 2 to the es:teGt not udwled by other parqnpbI
from the ooeraUon of LCAB'L
AllIed Pr-v. - LCAB"a will 0IIIab1lllh _trol. _
properUes
oWned or c:ontrolled by au AllIed ~te or IIIlUonallIhm!ot,
whether touDd abaJ>doned or in the i)OSIeIIIoIl 01 cwotocII.....
LCAB"a will conau.It and follow Inmudlona 01. LPCC'. on au
per1lnent 'UIIIttera aA'edlng the 1DIIInteDaDc:e 01. ""ntrol over In
dU8trlal and COIDIlIerCIal properUea belonalnl to AlIIedpvernmenta
CC' their naUonal&
SBCI'IOJll' B
ADDmONAL PROPERTIES - AllTICLE 1 PAR. 111) OF
1I/IG LAW.No..,
cotmc:n.
·n·m
0-'&1 Po.Ue:r. - LCAB'. will atablleh and ma,lntaln control
over aU properiIeI', as dlrec:tecl by the LI'CC, to be lakm Into
Proper'tf ControL LCAB'. are eneourased to forward recommen
daUona to the LI'CC, apec:lfyInIf pro/>lll'Ues not praeD'IIJ covered
In MOB. 17-800 above which Ihey believe abauId be laken under
CIOIltrol ("",,-General Order No. 1).
n·m
~
01. NSDAI'. 0ftI0IaIa .... 1IeDIIIen..
LCAB'. will
ImmedIate17 stablleh and maintain coa:i.trol OYer' ~ 01.
NSDAP ottlclala and membeft or eupporIera Indwled In bladdlate
or lzI ",=rdance with Law tor lJbeftUon from NaUonal SodaIlAim
aDd Militar\sm or otherwUe IipecUIed by MlUIar7 OoYl!l'lUlleDt.
LCAB'. will not eun::IR CIOIltrol . _ IbeIr -..tIal furnlture,
do!bln& or other penonal efteeta tm1ea Ibae ban In filet been
obla1ne4 throuCh duteIa, lootln& or ~
n·m
DootrIDe 01. I'rtnIU7 00aeenI AppIIoaIoIe .. IadutnaI .... eaaa.;
merdaI Pr-v 01. NSDAP. - The laatr1acUona 1IDte41n MGlt
17·311 above will be applled In _
relatlnll to IndU8trlal aJUt
c:ommerdal enlerprllet owned or eonlrolled by tba NSDAP an4
organlzatlon.a ...d aaocIaliona controlled by It.
17·. .
DAP Pr-v, - LCAB'. will establleIi ...d IDIIIntain CIOIltrol
over propc::rIIea 01. tbe DAP (DeutIdIa AIbeItsfroat). The DAJ'
propertIs Include baIllu, Insurance ~ PUbllehllll ~
bowd!!& ...d bulldln.c companla, theaten, IIbIpbuUdIq compartIea,
n!IOI'tI, ho~ fOod producln. and ~ plata In retail
IeIII, and other properties. The DAP propertIea"were optftted by
buae vertical ""rporaUona. OwnenbIp _ centralized and all!bor
11:1' emanated from a'alnlle central COIU'Ce.
"'*
17·11M
lJaItooa A - . - In ~ 01. DAI' ~ - LOA.B'. will
take .....tm1 "'"'" au DAP propertIea located In tbelr rapeeIIft
area&. 'l'he7 wtIl 00DUDue the operaUon of au _tins PIOPIII'"
Uea 01. DAP and ""DlIIIlt from Ume to time with !be appropriate
repreaentol4_ 01. other .~ 01. MIllIar7 Clcmornmentbavlnl
... Interest In these ~ SId> .. MaDPo-. FIAanee,
Indusl:r:F. TranlIporteUon, and ~ and ~ U.certaln
propeniea tre contlDued In operaUon It la tho reepouIllWly of tbe
LCAB to ~ tho peJ.'IICIMel and _ _ au CIIIUIeCIIoawllll
the former DU.
.
81iCT1ON B .'
PROPli:BTtI!IS 011 DETAINED PERSON\S - AJrl'1tlL21 PAR. 1 (eI)
OF MO LAW NO. G2.
•
17-1tt
DeIaIned Pen-. - LCAB"'; ..nlll the ~ 01. 1bo U'Ce't,
an. all1borised to eun::IR coatrol ewer au ~ aDOPt fIIrDl
ture, dotbIIIs, or olber penonal eflecte 01. per-. detaIne4 or
held In 'ClUBtod7 by MlIUar7 <lovenImct.
n·w
-n.m
?f!1
BeteN'dIecI Po.Ue:r .. AdaIlnIIIInIIoa of PNpen,. .,...... la
•. , . , . . . . Cloalrol. - CertaIn propern", uae4 .tor
IntormaUon (NCb &II _ _per planlll, publlllbln.c houI!oI,
ltelloll&, thaalera) are 811bJm to parUe:War OMOUS arden.
Ith
respect to Ibae properUee, _
apedlIe InaI:ueUona .u to
property under control, ...d ParUc:ll1ar C\ll1odl.... to be appointed,
will be fumIshed b7 tho LPCC to the LC.AH. Such properties will
not be·reloued to _lIS exonerated IIDder the Law tor lJbeftllon
wl1boIIt wrttlen (,pproval 01. 1ntormatloll Control DlvlII_
17.m
Ji'INperV 01. """- a-ftd Viidel' 110 Law 110. L - Such
. ,properly la IIUbJec:t to MG Law No. 52, ArUde 11, par. a of Omeral
Order No. I (aee SecUon 13) which proytdea !bat properly of aU
pet'IOIIa removed from publlc or prlvale omce or posIUon by
MlUIar7 OovenmIent &ball be IIIbJm to MG Law No, G2. Tbe
decillion u to wbother tbla propert;y IIhaII be placed under eontrol
depend. on the eItcumatoD_ of each cue. Wbete deemed appro
priate, tbe LCAB will take NCb J>l"P'!rl;1 under eontrol.
.
LOOTED PROPERTY -
1'1,"
0eaenI ..... - beept as otherwise prvvId!ld in MOlt 17·381
below, LCAB', will eatabllab and IDIIIntaiD eonlrol oWl' ~
obta1ne4 tbroIIsh c\uruII, lootlns. or conAacation.
17·_
.. 19"'" of Al1. .,;.' Il::AB" wtIl exen:IIIe- control OYer Work. 01.
ut wbal there 1.0 ~ to belIAwe tlat !b.... ftPreomt a clear
_
of ~ 01' CODtiacaUon, dlapoaaesoton or spollalloo!. and where
euatod7 aDd c:ontrol la not exen:laed by :lI/IomDDenIII, FIne Arta ...d
ArchI.... ottlcert, u proytde4 under TlUe 18, MOB..
If....
FonIp ............ ~. - I'rIIperty obtamed throlllb
~ kIotInt or contlacaIIon, which II DOW or henI:afte:r placed
In the.~ 01. the Fore\ll.1 bchantle DepoeIIor7, will not be
811bJm to tho provIa\ODI 01. tbla· TItle.
nNANa.u. ABIIImI
.
.
Bs...... 01. Coatrol ........ Petell11l Ii.... - WbeIher Pm.P
erly Conb:QI. will be aerc1ae4 ~ on !be ~ III
each cue. IIIId1 u tho poUUca1 ctiaraCIer 01. !he penon detalned
or held III ~....... 01. the c:be,rp or -.attoo IeadInI to
tho cletenUon, nature 01. the properly 0'IftIe4 or controlled by tum,
period 01. cletentloD, aDd other pertlDeDt data. In each' _
thII .
cIetm:n1nal4OD wIU be made tbnIucb 1hoLC.AB. by Iha LPOC
after ""nnltallClll wllIl 1be MO Leca1 offtcer. Ioc:al ere Deteoe1I.
men\, I'ub1Ic SoI.aIy oI.Iker, or other deta.tDIII( ..-,. 'I/i'IUc!l will
be In PO-.IaI!. 01. ~ tac:IL
1T~Ht
J'1U'alluroe, CIotbIDc............. ~~ ltIurIDpIed.
LCAB', will DOt exercise any control Oft!' the f\InIiture, dofhlnl.
...d other penonal ettecte !pOR DeceI8III)' .tor dally '\lie of !be
detained pel'llQll 'IID1ea thea balle In ~aet been obtained 1hrouatI
duresa, lootms. or cxmfIIcaUOD.
SBCI'ION 11
PROPERTIES OF DISSOLVED OB. SUSPENDED ORGANI
ZATIONS - ARTICLE 1 PAll l(e) OF MO LAW No. .,
11__
Doddae or I'rImu7 Coaeena AppUa - The w\nlclloa IIDted
In MOlt 11-311 above will sWde LCAB"a with repnt to""1be appll
.,..Uon of control over the fImdI, aCCOllDIII, recorda and other
properly 01. any O1'I8IIIZaUona or U8OCIaUODI 1IIIP"llde4 or dlJ
. IDlved by MWIar7 (lovel'D.ment.
Orp..........
1T..JSl
. LaWli S........... or PIIIcIhtD,r V.....
LCAB"a will ...".. to 0eDeral Order No. I, .lI/IG Law No. II, Control
CJo\mdl Law No. :I,....d other MG lawe for IntormatlOD ~
tbe 0I'IIIIIlIZa1loDl and ..-Iallone. ~- or dIIIolftd ~7
M1l1tarv 00ftr7:lmeDt.
SBC'DOIf I
AllTICLE I PAR. 2 OF MG LAW No. 52
PAU'
AND 0l'JIBIl SPECIAL I'IIOPBaTIIICS
. 8BCl'10N A
FINANCIAL ASSETS
17. . .
......... ~ DeII.De4 0eaenL - The term MfInanda1 aaet&"
Indude:l bo!b 0ennaIl ...d o!ber CIII'n!Ddes, IJtOd<I, bonda, ...d
other oecwiUel, cerUtleates 01. dePolllt or receIpte !bereror, chedaI,
IlratIII, and bUla 01. achanse. wlUehowlo rece1plll, bWI of lodto.
bank boob n1denclnl cIaIma al8lUf, baIllu, poataJ. stro or olber
IIIOJIe7 ordara, letten of eredlt and other cominerdal paper. sold
and .lIver colli&, sold, aIlver. and plotlnum bullion or aUo;va In
.bulIJoo fonD,; and j .........
" ....1
,.
l'IuacIIaI'AMeIIIn ~ 8abJe<lt 10.0 Law N.. ., DeIlnett
~). FlnancIal _
IIIbject to MG
(J'oreIp .........
Law No. U IndUcIe thefo1lowln8:
L C'urreney other !ban German c:um!IlI::7; banII: balaru::eII OI/l'
.Ide GeriIwI7: ...d chedu. drat1It, bUla 01. a~ or other In
IItI'IImeIlte 01. p871Dent dra_ .... or Iasued by penona oulalde
OennaD7l
b. Gold or .11ft:!' coin, or SOld, aIlver or ploll:nUm bullion or
auo;va thereof lzI.bullion form:
Co It.AJ oecwillH or other evidences of ownenhip I1r Indebted
nOlI bIInIe4 by per-. OIIla1de 0ertnan7....d oecwiUea or oP>cr
evidence of- ownerIIbIp or Indebledn_ laaue4 by peraona In Ger
I!IIlIQ1 it ~ or p87able .In eurreney other then German
c:um!IlI::7,
do CtaIma and any evld...ce !bawf owned or held ·b7
(1) An'!! per8O"" In German7 aIaIliin any peraona Olllalde
0ennan7 whether apreaaed In· German or olber cur
reDC7, "
.,..,
. ' ,
(2) An'!!' pe:tOOIl In Germ"';' asabat "'7 other per-. In
Gennan7 If expnued In a ~ otbar than 0ennaIl
eurnII1ey.
.
(8) AzI7 pe..- ouIaIda Oerman7 aI8IUf, ......Iber peraon
oulalde a..m.n7 In which c:Iatin a peraon In Germany
baa any Interest;
JULY 1949
�t-'HUtJt.t'( I T \.iUN I t'(UL
11-4%'
Claims (or RestituUon.. - LCAH's are directed to COnsult In
these cases wUh the LPCC's pendIng the tssuance of instructions
from OMGUS for handling claims for rcstJtuUon.
e. Such other property as may be determined by MiUtary Gov
ernment to be a foreign exchange asset,
{
"
11-40!.l
n.4Z1
rrocedure.
n. When the properties of any person subject to MG Law
No, 52 are taken into custody. those assets which are foreign eX
chnnge assets, as defined in MGR 17-401. will nol be taken into
Property Control custody bul will be lorwarded by Ihe CAH to Ihe
LPCC through normal channels in the case of United Nations or
Neulrais properties and to the LeAH In the case of German pro
perlles. The LPCC or LCAH. upon receipl ot torelgn exchange
assets, will deposit them in a safe deposit box of the neare,t Land
Cenlral Bank lor satekeeplng. Tbe LIInd C.nlral Bani< will pre
pare such fonns as are necessary under MG Law No. !S3 tor this
clBSS
ot assets;
Use by Former Owner.
LeAH's may pennit the usc ot these
properties by the original ecclesiasiJcal owners pending their
ultimate disposition. LCAH', will collect rentai or other compen
&alion for the use of such properties or maY,at the recommendation
of the Education and Religious Attain officer, 1hrough the LPCC.
defer (but not waive) payment ot compensation until ultima Ie dIs
position Ii made.
SECTION D
PERISHABLE PROPERTY AND PROPERTY SUBJECT TO
DETERIORATION
,
b. With respect 10 the remainder of the property laken Inlo
CUlIlody. b.longlng 10 the aame individual, whlch is subject to MG '
Sale Alllborl...... - The LCAH will authorlte or dlrecl the
custodian, ma.nager, or operating qen t to provide the sale oC
property;
LIIw No. ~2 bul nol MG LIIw No. ~3, Ille CAH will tollow through
with Ihe usual procedure for taking, properly under control, aa
pre;cribed in paT!. 20 Ihrough 22,3. OMGUS AG leiter 010.6 (m),
25 Feb {1, subject. Property Control Accounting and AudIting
Procedures, and Legal Forms. For example, a CAM may take into
custody a business Which owns, among other use~ stocks: of
subsidiaries in countries other than Germany. The stocks of
foreign subsidiaries In'such cue will be fot'\JIarded to the LPCC or
LCAH for disposlUon prescribed by Met Law No. 53. and th.
remainder of Ihe as.els belonging 10 Ihe business will b. taken
into property control custody in the usual manner.
L Whenever perblhable property has been taken under control;
b. Aller concurrence from inten:.led branch.. ot MIlIto!')'
Goverrun.ent, whenever property taken under control t. auf:>..
ject to deterioration or substantial depreciation. or lou of
value:
Co Wbenever the COlt of the upkeep or maintenance ot non
income producing property will in time amount to a sum
equal to the value ot the property;
/
.
d. Upon recommendation of the Land Mlnislerprbldent, or Ille
appropriate civil authorlUes In II>, case 01 Brmlen. Weser
nUlnde and Berlin Sector, aDd wi~h the approval of CPCB.
11-40%
, Flnuclal A...,III nol Snbje.l to MG La.. No. 51 assets not subject to, MG LaW No. 53. are those classe,
specified In MGR 11-400. which do nol represent foreign
a_ts as defined In MGR l1-tOLl but .... ""bjoc! 10
No. 52.
Financial
ot assets
exchaog"
MG Law
17-402..1
Procedure.
a. CAH's will determln"e wbether or not such tlnancial DBset,.
are being used or are capable of being used In connection with
a properly laken Inlo control which Is cl...sUled as an operali",
property. as dt:flned In MGR 11-1 19a. II Ihe financial a..els are
being used or.are capable of being used In connection with a Irade
or business, Ihey may be held at any place of satek••pln( uUllzed
by Ihe business for similar ...sels. such as a sate, vault, sat.
deposit box, etc., and will be subject to use by the custodian:
b. It the financial assets, other than cash, are .seited In con
nection with a properly laken Inlo conlrol wllich Is classltled as
an other income producing or a non-income producing. as defined
In MGR 11-119b and c, respecUvely, and are nol required 10 b<>
used by the custodian in connection wltb the operatIon or upkeep
ot the r.mainder of Ihe property, such asset! will be deposited by
Ihe CAH in a sale deposit box of a bank and wlll be subject to
wilhdrawal by Ihe CAH only. Tbe renlal on the .ale depo.it box
will b. paid by Ihe custodian If tllere are funds In- connecllon with
the property; otherwise, payment tor rentol will be efl'ected as
prescribed In MGR 11-521.3. II such assets are required by Ihe
custodian In Ihe operallon or upkeep of Ihe properly. they may
be held .1 any place of satekeeplng ulllized by Ille custodtan tor
IIlls cia.. of assets. Casb taken Into control In 'connection wilh
such property will be governed by the procedure. prescribed in
pars. 30 Ihrough 32, OMGUS AG leiter 010.6 (FD), 25 Feb i1. sub
ject, "Property Control Accounllng and AudIting Proced"""", and
Le gal Forms";
.
c. It property subjecl to MG Law 52 consists .olely of financial
assets, or cash and financial asaets, such property will ""I be taken
Inlo Property Conlrol bul will be deposlled In a blocked account
In any banking InsUlution. Such property will Ihereatter be sub
ject to blocking conlrol only. (See MGR 17-125(e))
11-403.
CnTTelley Abandon"" by or Caplured from En..".,. ,Por..,.,
Currency abandoned by or captured trom enemy forces generally
.constitutes "booty" according to rules of hind warlare. CAH's will
not take such currency into Property Control. but will tum It over
to a U. S. Army Disbursing officer for disposition. If not accept
able by a U. So Army Disbursing oUlcer such currency should be
delivered to the Currency Section, Foreign Exchange Depository,
OMGUS (Rear). APO 757, agalnal receipt.
,r
d
n
or
11-{05
Valid CWTf!ncy Abandoned by M".. Ic!palJtl....
LPCCs or
LCAH's will deposit valid currcney abandoned by a municipality,
or by any other governmental subdIvision or body, which may
~omc into their possession or the posses!'ion of MilitarY Govern
ment, In the nearest branch ot the Lllnd Central Bank or approved
allernale bank to the credil of the'munlclpalily_
SECTION B
DEPOSITS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, AND OTHER ACCOUNTS IN
POST OFFICES, BANKS. AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTI
TUTIONS, BEARING RELATION TO PROPERTY UNDER
CONTROL.
17-tlO
A<""nnlll Dependenl on or Related to Property UDder CouIroL
Wilen LeA H's establish control over property they will also e.tab
IIsh control over any and all accounts maintained in connection
with lfie properly.
17-411
.Cbarges a.g&lnst Control Aecoant&. - Charges against control
accounts for allowable expenditure may be made subject to the
restrictions of MGR 11-520 through MGR 17-524.
In
08n
son
anY
SECTION C
FORMER,ECO ESIASTlCAL..EROPERTY
I
n-'ll
Treal_' of Prooeeda from Sale. Proceeds from sale.
8UthOriled in MGR 17-430, abov., will be treated In the following
manner. Where the .property 18 related to a business enterprise.
the CAR will deposit the tunds received in such accounls and
depositorl"" a. are customarily maintained on beha!! of the
bu~ness. Where the property t, reJated to or represents a property
olher than that of a business enlerprl.e, h. will deposit the lunds
~n the Land Central Depository in the same manner as surplus
dunds. as prescribed in par. 32. OMGUS AG letter 010.6 (FD). 2~
Feb 47. subject, Property Control Accounllng and Auditing 'Procedure!, and Legal Forms. In the latter case, he will aloo enter
proper natation on the Record ot Property Transactions (MGIPC 3).
wilh the clrcumslances pertaining to the .ale, and 10rWard Ihts
torm together with relaled corr.spondence to II>! LPCC in Ihe
case of Unit.ed NaUons and Neutrals properties. or to the LCAH
In the case of German properties, Who win prepare a Receipt
Voucher (MGIPC 4) In the manner prescribed in par. 34, OMGUS
AG leiter 010.6 (FD), 2~ Feb 41, subject, Properly Conlrol Accounllng
and AudlUng Procedures, and Legal Forms.
PART 5
INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION A
GENERAL
17-.500
'Cualodl.....
The LeAH will not act as trustee or receiver,
nor manage property except thrO'Ugh a custodIan. manager. or
"p.ragng agent. wlth<Jul written aulhority from the LPCC. In
general, custodians, managers. operat.tng agents and other per
sonnel will be relalned subject 10 the provisions of denazification
laws, regulations, and directives (see Title 24. MGR)_
11-501
Appllcallon of Conlrol lila" be Re....llable. - LCAH'. will do
what !s reasonable. dependlng an the clrCU11lSlances of each ca....
They wiU not exerctse control over properties not important or
valuable enough to warranl control 11>0 nalure of the property,
,Ihe neoessily ~or COlIlrol. and lis condition, value, ownerahlp, and
income-producing capaclly "'" factors to be considered In deciding
whether the property Is Importanl or valuable enough to warranl
control_ Tht. decision will be mad. by the LeAH. The LCAH
will refer doubtful or border-line c..... for determination by the
LPCc.
.
'
n-sot
l!lemell\w7 0..14.., - LC.lUrs will:
a. Employ as many civilians as are deemed necessary to carry
oul Property Control function within strenglh authorized and tund
allotments (In this regard. car;, will b<> lak.n to comply with MG
LIIw No.8);
h. Consult with ~unctionat oUlcers and represenla!>ve. 01
agencies interested 1n the orperation of business enterpriSe! taken
under cont.rolj
e. Continue existing accounting system. of operaling properties
It salis.tactory (LeAH W'l1l change accounting system only upon
written B'Uthonty from' Ihe LPCC).
11-503
COOrdl....llon &D<t Uaieoll ..1111 Otb.r AleDcl...
n-sou
N_ly for Coordlllalloa. - I I will be noted that a reiationshAp
ox\S'ls between cert... " Property Control activity and the work
'01 !'he U. S. occupational forces and olher branches of Military
Government. The exel"(:lse of control over certain properties may
affect bhe operation ot BpeciaHst otficcrs and agencies In other
tleld!. and to that extent have an interest in the manner in whlch
Property Control deals with such properthi.. Many !>mes tile
~cx::eGtul maintenance ot control over property depend! on the
...lst.ance -of oulslde oW...,.. aDd a~encie ..
Ke_..
17-SOI.J
Conoo....ed. - LPCC's wlU rnalntaln necessary
]!al&On and coordination with Uie follo'N'lng. and other ottiten and
agendes concerned:.
�PROPERTY CONTROL·
(
!
a. The li:amomlc Dlvlalon in regard to overall poIlcIu OG
. lndustnal production, overall economic contlola over prlca,
ral!OJ!lng . and dIstrlbutlon of commoditl.,. and ter'U;lces,
agriculture. 10resta and fisheries;
b. Local CIC Detachmenta and Public Safety Special BrancbcI
In regard 10 denazWcation of penmmel, &eCIItIDS pro~
Infonnatlon, and appolnUng cu.ttod!ans,
C!. Provost Manhall as 10 protect\oD of ~ aplnst
I:retpIl88 by troops;
d. 0-2 peI'IIODDeI as to wblte and 'bIad< 118ta:
e. Corps of EDgIneero and Town lIIa,Iora 81 to zequIs\'IIoDIDI
property for mJUtary use:
.
t. Lecal persorujel ill ease of ciou!)t as to autborib' In lID)'
spedflc cue;
.
g. Monuments, FiDe Aria and Archlves (MII'A '" A) penmmeI
1m tnfonnatlon on art wow aod ardl1vea whIdI mIlT be
taken under Property Coaln>l purB1.IIIAt to 'MQI. 1'1-380
(LPCC'. are autborlze4 to poat Notices of ~ (Form
MQlI'Cl) on reposlloriea and IIorage placea of art worka
and an:hlvea, wtlea apedflcall7 requested by MB'A '" A of
ficers). These NoUces will be ranowcI. 81 BOOIl as I114equate
protection and aec:ur\t7 bave been utabllsbed by the MB'A
'" A I>"l'801IIlIII (see MQR 1'1-230):
b. FInance per8ODIIe1 In regard to overall IlDanclal poKcI.... the
application of MQ Law No. 53 and the awllcatlon of blocl<
Ibg eon1r01a tmde'r 4\4Q Law No. 1S2: Fore~ Eubange
Depos!141T:
I. Manpower and Labor pe.rsotl11el In regard to the ue and
operation of DAII' proper\7; •
j. EduCation and Re1l&:lous "ytlllra. peraonnel In reprd to the
maintenance of <:nntlol over former ecclesiastical' and
e4"catlonal Proper1:%...ed. liaison and coordination with
Edueallan and ReUllOYI. AlIalnr personnel concez'lllDe school
property and probleaul;
'.
.
Ie. Transportation personnel In regard to plOvidIng tmDIport
facWtle:s 1m the operatiOll. and CUItocb' ot propert;r.
L PubUc WeUare per&OII.De1 In regard to the use and operatIcD
of the property CIt Ihe Nad PBrty weUare organl:catlona; and
In. LCAH In regard to overall poUclea perta.\nIn& to Property
, Contlol functions of German civilian aulborltles.
l1-SOS.1
1110 PenollJld In the FIeld. -
MllItary t.l.aIsoD. DetadIIn"enta
wUl enter the i'rope!:t7 Conln>l t'lmctton only In an emergeDC7
wben their asststance la requested. by the CAB or requested by
the Land Property Contlol Omce represented In the field:
l'1,
U-5M
8creeDInr of ClvIIIJuI l'erIromteI Bmp",""
by LPCC'a ...d
LPCC'. and LCAB'II will be held reapoll81ble for aeeJng
LCAB'L that full investigation and screening la completed at the earliest
poasIble moment 14 deIermlne the eftlclency and 'reUabUlt7 of
eustodIau, managers, operating agents, and olber personnel em
pJoncl In connection wllb the malntenance of eontrel over
property.
SJWrION B
FEFS OF CUSTODIANS
U-5JO
17-521
NerotIaUoM CIt _ _ I'enIdtt.ed. :.. LCAH's mIlT authorize
C\IlII4Cll8IUI, managen, and operaUng agenta to negotiate I4ana
through the local financial tnatltutlona for the payment of aulborb
ild espendltureL Theae I4ana will be charaeab!e solely agaID.8t
the property or Ineome thereof. CAH's Include a statement of ""'
planation and juatUlcatiOD on Ibe Report of Propert7 TranIIactiona
are negotiated. PrIor permission
must be obtained In wrlUng from the LPCC In case of UDlted
Natlo,!!, ~_Neutralll property.
(MGi'PCI3) whenever IUcb I4ana
11·5115
..
........bIe Pes. - Fees pe1d to CWII4Cll8lUl, managers. operaUng
.....ta and olber peraonne1.emplo1e4 by LCAH'. will be reas0n
able and coIl81atent wllb local compensation atan4arda eatab~
for Ibe area. When 8 trustee bandlu more than one property ......
hi. iotal compenaatlon on a fee, basis Is "",eept1Oll.ally larp, be
ahould be placed on a reasoaable &alary.
17-01
~ F_ Problblt.ed. - WheD: LCAH'8 retaln I!lIIstlq
custodlllJlS, manegera, or operaUng agenta of propertles lakeD~derf
contlol, they ....,. autllorl:ze the pa,JmCt of Ibe exI8tInI ....... 0
feel, If reasonable.
J7-5J1
,... Pari of ()peratlac ElI:pea-. - Fees of CUltodlana"
manager&, operatlns: agents, audlton, and other pj!ftODIIe1 employed
by LPCC'I and LCAH·... excludllll perIODIIel who are dlrect em
ployees In Property Contlol 0fIIcea, will be treated In Ibe _
manner 81 cummloperaUng' ri:penaea, and will be plUd out of
Income derived from Ibe operation or use of the property.
ot
Fees are to be charged aplnst each ·lndI:ridual property and n
as a single cbars:e '8gaIn.rt all properties under one eustodlan. SUch
teea will be abown III _
on fInancIa1 atatamenta appropriate
to the property involved.
SJWrION C
'EXPENIllTt1lU!S
11-5141
NomW Expeudlt_ A"tborked. - LCAH'. will 8Uthori%e
CIIlIIodlana, managers, and operaUng agenla to IPake ouch normal
expendlluree .. are reaaonably n~ to preserve. proteet, l1li4
operate the property under controL
J'-Im
Normal Expeudll_ DellDec1. - WlIb I'eJIpect 10 Income pro
dudng properties, "Donnal. "",pendlturea~ _prlae all operaUng
expe...... lncldentlal to a re_nable operation of the property.
"·52U
1':-511
~ Blq>eDdlturea Pro!dbltad. Under no cIraun
otances wUl LCAH'a permit eustodl8lUl, aumager&, and operaUng
&genta to Incur extrao:rdlnaly or unwrual upendlturea ouch 81
capital Improvements, pun::baa of _
ouch 81 land. buU411111.
eqUlpmenl or maehln8lT wllbOYt IIPfOI.!lC approval ot the LPCC
In the _
of UDlte4 Natlona and Neutralll properties and of tho!
LCAH bi Ibe CIllO of German propertI...
O~ Properilu. - The terID "Dormal expendltures" wllb
reapeel to operating properti...... deJ1nedln MQR "-1198, In
dudes all expendltules bicldental 14 Ibe normal operation of the
property, Includln. upendlturea for raw materlata. goods for
resale, labor. taxes, fees of c:uItocItana, repaIra, rent, oftlco expen-.
IlIJIUt'QIlce premlWllll, etc. The ~turea ot a bwIIDea enter
prise will In all cases conform to Ibe llm.Itationa Imposed by Ar
ticle .. MQ Law No. &2. In Ibe·_ of partnenblpa and aln8le
proprietorablpa, a reaaonable amount payahle to Ibe own.... of ,.
propert7 and their families, DOl to exceed the maximum AlIowe4
by General U<ienIe No. 1, ,will also be coll81dered a norma1
upendlture. .
,,·IEU
,
.
.
OfJaer ~ P"",adDr l'rolNll1laL - The terID "DomIal..xpen
dllutes" with reepect to other Income JII"OdUCID!! properties, . .
deAne4 In MGR 1'1-11811, tacludea neeeua:tT upendltureo incidental
l1JUt.11ibor1aed 11_ of .......... - CUstodlano. wUl not' be permitted
to upend the funda CIt _ property on other properties, un1esa
bolb ~ In question are owr>ed by the _
perIIDD. The
term Msame peraon~ In the _
of tb1s provtslon means the _
"natural" or' "JurIdlca1 person-, ouch 81 an Indlvldual, corporatit
entlb', ete., and cIou not autborlz.e, 1m _ I e , the espendlture
of funda belongJ.ag to ODe aubdlvlslon or agency of the Belch on'
property belonllns: to an unrelated oubdlvllllon or acene1 of Ibe
Re!cb.
.
.
11·5%41
.Loau to Jadlv1411l1lt1. .,.",. 'or l'abIto .It.aUaodU.... - Under no
c:ln:umstances wUl proper!Jr lunda be used .. a JOUtCO tor lid
vandIIjJ I4ana to Indlvlduala, fIrm.I, or public aulborilles, unlea
the property la operaftna In the eapac1b' of 8 financial tnatltutlon.
,
PART.
aBcoBDS, OOmtT AND UIG,u. FOBlII8
8BCI'JON .It.
QERMAN PROPERTY RECORDS
PIlOPEaTl!'
:11-GOO
OeIIenL - LPCC'a and LCAH'. will familiarize lbemlle1v8
wllb the cIocumenta and reeordII cIiscIwed below, for they tu:mtah
Ibe plimaly aourc:e of tnformatiOD concemlnil PI'Ol>8ZV In Ger
mlID)'. A knowledge of wbere Ib_ dOCUlDenta may be and what
Ibey contaln will facllltete Ibe work of LPCC'. and LCAH·. and
enable them 14 aDlWer deta1led 1nquIiieJ! on any propert;y In Ibelr
area&.·
,
17-60J
Grnn4haeiL ..,..
17-eou
CoIItaalll and x-uoa. -'The Qrundbuch (Land RqI.ater)
WIUa1ly be found at the Amtqerlcbt or In the town ball or In
eu.tody of Ib~ Beztrbnotar. TbI. record la a register of IlUe, and
contalna ducrlptlolII of all properties In Ibe area, Ibe variOUI
Interests held therein, and other _uot data, arranged aecordllll
to toeetlon CIt property.
will
11-l1OU
.
0nm.Iaktaa. - Entries In the Qnmdbuch are made from papera
ea1led Qnmd.akte!!. which are prepared by Ibe Amtarlchter or Ibe
Bezlrkanotar and lIIed wllb Ibe Qrundbucb. When Ib_ pepera
pre prepared, Ibe parcbaser either retalna a cerUlled COP7 of Ibe
origlnal deed or receives a certified abstract of the tlU. or Ibe
17__ .
right.
Penonett-~. - There Is tWIo a Peraonen-Rec!1ter wbleb
II a erou Index of Ibe Qnmdbueb ammged ac:eordlng to the name
of Ibe 0WDer. Tb1a record contalna the owner'. adclresa, references,
to any mortcagCII aplnst the properb'. rlchta of way and ease
ments, and tho page number of the Qrundbucb entry. The Per
JOnen-Rec\ater will ordJnar117 be found at the Qrundbucbamt In
tho Amtqerlcbt.
�r
•
• ,....,.
.......
I
I
!
11'.GO.1
Notar. - In all _
where a Nolar drafted a'deed Or any
paper aft'ectInI Utle to real .male, he bas retained a copy of the
Gnmdakten. It will be pouIble to draw eoncluslons on title trom
the 81" of lbe Ioc:al Notor In many C8SeI where the Gnmdbuch
and Onmdakten are IIIIasIq or have been destroyed. .TIIe Notor
alIo dralted contracts and Instruments conve,lnl Interesl.l In per
sonalty and oommerclal property.
(
n·8Ot
~. -
TIle 'Handelsrealster (Trade Resister) will
WIUaIly be found at the Amtsgerlcht In an
separate from the
Grundbuch. Thill record ts an oflldal reglst"" on eommerclal
l1'ansacttons, p.rImarII:y conta.lDh!& arUc:Iea of IneorporaUon and
formation data on t>artnersblpa. assodatlOllll, and olh.,. eom- .
blnaUonl for trade and Industry. It alIo eontalnl refereru:es to ·the
appolntmenl of admInIstraton for enemy-owned under\aIdru!L
om""
JIMAe!""'_.
The Ba:lldelaltammer (local chamI>en of
Industry and commerce) wblch enJoy an' otflclal status In Ger
many. often ha.... InformaUon concernlnl doc:umenta alfectlng Ulle
to commercial ~d Industrta1 properties:
17·606
BeI""""-'nw rill' die 1Ielwad1anc felntlllch.ea
Vmn8-.':"
17·606.l
Admlnla&rattoa of CeriIIn Eaemy PropeJ'tJ'. - Many proper
tie. I>elongI.n,c to Allied covemmenta and nationals thereof were
ptaced under the supervision of the Re1cbskornmJosar fOr dle Be·
handl"", felntlllchen verma_ (The Relcha COIlUllbaar for
hantlllnc Enemy Prope:ty). The om"" of the Reicbskomm\.Gar
was concerned primarily with enemy realty, Industrial enler
priles, patents and coP7.flgbf.l, sblps and sblppl"ll companla
17-eGU
a-rd... In Ollerl&DdescertchL - Such property _
recorded
In the RelchskommIsaar'l otrlee (located In the Reich MIntatery of
JusUee In Berlin) and alIo In tbe files of the Oberlandescerleht
havlq jW"ladlelion over the property.
17·816
Bprucllbmmer. - The law for Liberation trom National
SodaIlsm and MlHIarIsm provIdea IIor tile elitabUllhment of
tribunals which ahall declde the classification of tile re8poD8lbie
peraona aad the sanctions to be Imposed. Trial trtbunall! have
been establlahed In urban aad ,NrBl dlatric:t&
17·6111.1
Berufungaluunmer (Appellate tribunal.)
exist lor the review of declsIons.
BerIItIm...-. -
17·611.3
Anku.e,. - An Anklllcer (PubUe Prosecutor) Ia Wi",ed to
ead! of lIbe tribunals.
8BCnON 0
. SUGGESTED USE OF LEGAL .FORMS
17-620
.
0eneraL- The legal follJlS set forth In OMGUS AQ letter
01U (FD). 2$ Feb 47, lubleet. "Property COntrol Aecountlq aa¢
Audltlng Proeedw-es. and Legal Forms" are provlde4 lUI guides tor
the preparation of agree<nenta entered Into by LPCC'a and LeAH's,
wbo w!I.l remember that theIe fOI)ihl are tIIustraU.... only and
that the legal personnel ahouId be conaulted In case of doubt a. to
tha insertion of proper provts\onL
17·1121
Appalntment of Eaemy PropeJ'tJ' 0Ust0dlu. -
(MGIPCILIl).
17-GL1
LCAH MQ' _
Mattera f .... btl! DedslOIL - , The custodian
ahould be given re.....nably wide latitude In the performance of
hIa duties. Yet LeAH'. D\&Y deem II advisable to limit the
t'lterelse ot certain powers Inddental to the operation and c:ustody
of propertles. In this ease, LCAH'. _y lnaert provlslona In th.
C<!I1tract reserving tile parUc:uIar matters for bIa declsIon.
17-aU
11.6OU
AdmlnlatratorL - Such property w... admInistered by Ver
waitei' (apeelal administrators) whose duties Include4 the prep.
ration of InftDtorie.. Inv"'ltlgallon of bank accounf.l, and the
maintenance of books. The Verwalter also .ubmltted periodleal
reports, llnanelal statementa and Annual Final Reperta to the
Relchskommtssar and the Obertandescericht.
Oontradalll Powers OIrcIImserlbe4 "" MO ReIuIIIIIons.
LeAH'a w!I.l observe that they can _
confer powen on the
custodians by contract which bave In taCt been wlthbeld from the
LCAH's by these RegulatiOlUl. or by orden of tile LPCC. For
Instance, MGR 11-$.20 througb MGR 11_ forbid extraordinary
expendltures and authorize LCAH'. to permit custodian. to make
normal e>rpeDdlture& COnsequently, paragraph C 1 of the lelal
form w!I.l be lnIeried In every contract made with eustodIans.
17-606.4
17-6Z1:a
Pees of CutocIlaIIs. - LCAB:. wiD determtae compensation for
services rendere4 by cwtodlana In accordance with Instructlona
eet forth In MGR 11-$10. In the contrad, compensation may be
e:r:presaed In termI of a lump sum payable monthly or in' terms
of a 811m measured by a percentage of thomonthiy easb reeeipta,
cue being takeD that eadl property ts charged dlrectly for Its
eustod!aIi•• f-. LeAH's may find the tint method of expressln,
compensation more suitable for conlrac:ta relatlq to eus'I.odIan.
of bualneso enterprlae. Paragrapb D of the legal form. Incorporates
betll methods of stating compensation and LeAH'. w!I.l disregard
the lnapplleable poetlon of the paragraph.
JIII'IsdlctIea of Oberlaadelcertcht. - The Oberlandesgel'lcht
having jW"IadletlOli over the property appointed the V....,,;atter.
Axed their tee.. dellned their powers and dismissed them wben
.... required. TIle Oberlandeagertcht also rendered ludgements In
eases lnalltut... for \he' eon1lsea\lon of religiOUS and charitable
property.
l1·fIIIU
1118 of Prepantl Usia. - Property COntrol OIlIces have received
prepared lI"t. of all property known ·to have been under the Ger
man Allen Property CUSlodlan. It III 8.SS\IJned that these JI.sta com·
prise the majorill' of property of this type. However, In cue
any addltlonal property of this type I. uncovered at lower levels,
Property COntrol will Immedlately take the property Inlo custody
as authorized by 1140 Law No. 61.
.
17-801
Jl.4mlaIsIn.IIoa of ~ Property "" A_heIlspllqet:. ,
Movables belonglq to Allied governmenta and nationals thereof.
and other Allted property not requlriq constant dlredlon and
.oupervtalon, e. ,~ mlnorill' Interests In busln""" enterprises and
....lty of low value, were often placed under Ihe administration of
Abwesenheltapfteger appointed liy the Abtellunl{ fUr Vormund
jW"ladletlon over the property. Such property W'II8 recorded in
the lIlea of the appropriate Amtsgerichl. The Landgerlcht and
Oberlandeqerlehl a.I$o have jur\Bdletlon In guard1ansb1p matter..
SECTION B
COURTS
17-~ts&erIc:hi. _
The Amtsgertehl IJI the lowest I.'OUl1 of recorda.
The AbteU"", fIlr Vormundschaftasachen, a aectIon of thlll cow-t,
baa Umlted »uisdletlon over the administration of movables and
realll' of low value belonging to absentee owners. The Amtsgerieht
Ia also the depository for the Grundbuch and the Handelsreg\ll~.
17-611
Landiel'lc:ht. - The Landler!eht Is the Intermedlate court
between the Amtsgerlcht and the Oberlandesgerichl. It Ia a court
of original lW"ladlc!tIon and also a court of appea," for the AmU
gerichl. It may exercise the !unctions of the Oberlandesgertcht
In tho... RegJerunpbezlrite where the lalter court doeJ not sll.
17·81.
Ol>erlaadeaa"el'lc:h..
It.61U
JUrIs<Uellon of ~ Property. -
The Obedandesgericht Is
the hlgb."'It court of original luI'Isdletlon In the Under. The
Abtellung tilr Vormundschallsgericht, a sedlon of tbls cow-t, aer
else. ""tenslve jurlJdletlon over the administration of property
betonglng to enemy countrtes and nallonals thereof. It could
appoint Verwalter and Treuhlnder (TrUstees). fb, their salaries,
revoke appolnllllenta, define the powers 'of admlnlstraUon and Isoua
Other pertlnent orders. The Oberlandesgericht I. the depository
for reeorda Ill... In connedlon wltb enemy properties placed under
control of the Re1chakommtssar.
.
'
..
17·015
Anthorlty to Uae German COurta. - LPCC·. will not submit
themaelves to the lurlad!ct!on of the German courts In any
capacity other than as wline.sel except upon written approval ot
the CPCB•
17-at••
D~Uon of COn..... COpies. - COpies of the agreement wllh
the custodlan wtll be furnlahed to the LPCC, LCA.H, CAH and
the eustodlan. Custodlana w!I.l be d1rected to 4l& coptes of said
agreemenl with the Grundbueb, Handelsreglster or other deposi
tory speelf!ed by German law (see MGR 11-600 to MGR 11-607).
<
17-m
LeMe of 1Iea1t, (MOIPf'JJ.J!\.
'17.aU
-
BpeeIIII PnmsIou SUed 011 CaIIIom. M.Q- be 1nIerted. -
It Ia
contemplated that apeeIa1 provtatona based on local cuslomll wtU
be requited for leases of real proPertY, These provtalnna ma, be
Insert... In contracts for tlre lease of realll' by the LeAH.
17-6ZU
BepaIn "" ~ - It extensive repalra are required, II wtll
be I!Iei:euar7 to provide some eom.pensaUon for the lessee In case
of termtnatlon of the lease prior to Ita explratilln.
General\y, the allocation of the cost of repa\ra over the term
of the lease w!I.l provide a fair measure of the damare ouO!ered by
the lessee In aueh an event (sed para. C 4 and D 1 of the legal
form).
1T-6ZU
T~ ..... Wlirllllca. - LCAH'e may omit or modlfy the tax
and iDsuranee provisions of paragraphs C 2 IIDd C 3 of the legal
fom>. However, LCAH'. wltl obaeve that tax and 1nIuranc:e must
be paid out of Income from the property and that the rental price
wtll consequently be higher ta those eases where the cost of laua
and lnIuranee Is bom by the lessor.
17-82U
D~Uon of Leue COpl.... - COpies'of lhe lease wtll be de
livered to the LCAlI, LPCC and CAlI, and the parttes 10 the Ie",""
. COpies thereof will be, deposlted for ftle In customary depositories
.pedfled by German law (see MGR 11-600 to MGR 17-807).
I7·W
mr. of Ooodt (MOIPCIIJ3), - The InItruetlons set forth in
MGR 17-622 througb. MGR 17-822.3 are pertinent to contracts for
hire of personal property under control Where the property
would not be replaceable If damalll!d; It may be necessary to re
quire· a deposit by the leSllee In order to guarantee the payment
of damages·to the lell$Or In cue of aceldent or loss.
�.~...
'.
PROPERTY CONTROL
,/
....s
Prociedum,
LePl ·FoI"IIII~. dated 15 Feb, iHl. Proper1J
Conlnll aecountln& for OMG-BerIlII seetw. wJl1 remain. the
n!8POIIIIblUty 01 the CPCB. .
.
. 1'Aa'l'''
PlWPBBTlr CXlH'l'8OL ACCOVN'IINO AJIID AJlDl'DNO lPROCL
.
D1JJUIII. AJIID IdIQAL POIIIIIII
n-.,..
17-'.
_&taI.IsoI.Ioa
AacU_ ........... -Theawll_luDeUO...
both ill relaUon to tndIYidual properties uti to otJ8DlmUonal
-lnUsaIIoa of ~_ I'IIaoIIoa. - ~ CoIIItoI
accountln& fwIctIou are decentrollzed. to, uti are the re:tpOD
IIb1Uty of, the LCAH 01 Bavaria, 8ren)aI, BeaM, and WlIrlte
. ber&/BadeD. ThMe qmcles wU1 malntalll mmplete _1InI
~ With full to1ormalloll 0Jr all PI'OIIM1iea uneler thelr ~troL
Detailed lwIIructIoaa relatlDjr to the van- -tln& proceau,
iIldudlq IU~. 01 ~. ate set Iortb ill I.eI.ter OMGOS'
AG Oll!..8 (fD), 1)Ib~: ~ uiiikiil Ac:i:Du!IIUiir-~ AuiJllID&
of
proc:ed_ 11 d_ttaIIzed to, and 11 the ~bIllty 01 U'CC•
8Ild LCAH'I 01 Bavaria, Breaum. Hesse, aDd WlIrltl!mberllBadm,
8Ild the Prope.rty Control ChIef, OMG-krlill Sector. The mlDlmum
lieneral audit prDIraIn 11 prescribed. ill letter. OMGVS AG' 010.8
(Fl)), nbjed: "ProJlol!ri1 Conlnll Aeeountln& uti Audltln& Pmm_ 8Ild Lepl Fo1'llll". doted 15 lI'l!b. IN','
<
<
AHNEl VII
MILlTARI
QO'lilUfI!l!liI Lt... 5Q. ,
D1ssoluUCII of th, las1
Part;
. '(Excerpt)
th1a. t:.a d1uolvali the Has1MY 1IDe! provic!ea as tolloi.sl
I
-S, 'W flmda. property, equipment, accounts, 1IDe! recorda
of fIA7 organisaUCli IDlllltiClied in this Law shall be
FeI!erved 1n~ct and shall be del1vered or tl'llnsterred
as requ1rec! by .:1l1tary Government. PeDc!1ng delivery
Or tl'llnater. all property. accounts IIDd records shall
beaubject to inspect1on. ott1c8re .and others in
.
charge thereof and administrat1ve ottlc1als wUl re
main at their posts UIltil otherwise directed. 1IDe! w1ll
be reapona1ble to the 1i1l1tary Government tor taldng
all steps to preserve intact and UIldamagec! all SUch.
flmde, property. equipment. accounts, and recorda. SIIe!
tor complying with the orders ot Military Gcnrem_t
regarding bloclt1ng. and centrol of property.
t
t
i
i
it<
pr
�CUMULATIVE INDEX*)
Military Government Gazette
Germany
Issues A-N
Mn.ITARY GOVERNMENT PROCLAMATIONS
Issue
Proclamation No.1.
Proclamation No.2··)
Proclamation No.3.
Proclamation No.4.
'.
Proclamation No. 5 - Economic Council •
Appendix "I.;" to Proclamation No. ,5 -- Agreement for Re
organization of Bizona:l EcOlllOmic Agencies. . . •
Appendix "B" to Proclamation No. 5 -- Relating -to Production,
AllOCation and Distribution of Goods and Raw Mateiial$
(Ordinance No. 14) . . • . . . . • . . • . . • . .
ProClamation No 6 :...... Amending Proclamation No.5, Economic
Council '. • • . • • . . . • . . . • \ • • .
'.
Proclamation No. 7 - Bizonal Economic Administration •
Order No.1 Pursuant to Article III (5) ...)
Order No.2
Order No.3
Order No.4
,
Order No.5
Order No.6
Order No.7
Order No.8
Order No.9
Proclamation No. 8 -- Establishment of a German High Court for
the Combined Economic Area .'. . . .
Regulation No. 1 under Proclamation No. 8
Regulation No. 2 under Proclamation No. 8
.
Page
A
A
C
C
E
1
'2
E
2
E
6
F
1
I
K
1
1
L
L
L
M
N
N
N
N
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
I
6
1
1
J
M
1,
1
1
MILITARY GOVERNMENT LAWS
Law No. 1 -- Abrogation of· Nazi Law
Regulation under Law No.1
Law No.2 -- German Courts . . . . '
Amendment No. 1 t) . . . . .
Amendment No. 2 - Limitations upon the Jurisdiction of
German' Courts. . . . . . . . . .
Amendment No. 3 -- Form of Oath . • . . . . . . ...
,
,
A
A
3
5
7
A
A
10,
B
D
1
3
.) Amendments, Regulations, Licenses, etc. are listed
a) with the enactments to which they pertain and
b) in separate categOries, such as Amendments,' Regulations, etc.
••) Correction of Proclamation No.2, Article I (see Issue C, page 14)
...) Revision of German translation (see Issue M, page 43)
t) Repealed by Article II of Amendment No.2 to MG Law No. 2 (see Issue B, page 2)
�(
Issue
Regulation No.1.
."
.
General Authorization No.1 Pursuant to Regulation No.1
General Authorization No.2 Pursuant to Regulation No.1
Official Explanations and Comments Concerning
Regulation No.1. . ~.
"
Regulation' No. 2 Testimony ~n German Courts by Persons
Subject to United States Military Law and by Persons
Associated with the United States Office of Military
Government
Regulation No.3.
Regulation N o . 4 .
Law No. 3 Definition of United Nations •
Law No.3 (Amended) - Definition of United Nations
Law No. 4 (Amended) :- Military Government Gazette, Germany
Law No.5 - Dissolution of Nazi Party.
. .
Law No.6 - Dispensation by Act of Military Gover:iunent with
Necessity of Compliance with German Law .
.
Law No.7 - Removal from Official Seals of National Socialist
Emblems ;
.
. •
Law No. 8 - Prohibition of Employment of Members of Nazi
Party, in Positions in Business Other than Ordinary Labor
an,d for Other Purposes·)
.
"
•.... . .
Regulation No.1·)
LaW No. 9 - German Rhine Navigation Courts .
Law No. 10 - Adoptions by Nationals of the United Nations ••)
Regulation N o . 1 . '.
.
. . .
Regulation No.1, Revised
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No.1, Revised. .
Law No. 11 - Repeal of Military Government Law NO.8
hibi~ion of Employment of Members of Nazi Party in Posi
tions in Business Other than Ordinary Labor and for Other
Purposes) and of Regulation No. 1 issued thereunder .
•
Law No. 12 - Abolition of Employment Preferences In Favor of
Former Members of the German Armed Forces and Others
Law No. 13 - Repeal of the Reich Hunting Act " .
.
Law No. 14, - Repeal of German Legislation Concerning Work
house Internment .
.
Law No. 15 - Bizonal Public Servants .
.
.
Amendment N o . 1 .
Law No. 16 - Certain Operations Abroad of German Insurance
Companies..
.
Amendment No.1
Law No. 17 - International Frontier Control .
Amendment N o . 1 .
Regulation No.1.
• .
Law No. 18 - Implementing Control Council Directive No. 57
Law No. 19 - Disposing of Properties in the United States Zone
of Occupation and in the United States Sector of Berlin
Having Belonged 'to the Former German Reich and to the
Former Gerxn:m States, Laender or Provinces (including
the state of Prussia).
.
A
C
G
Page
11
13
36
B
4
B
3
4
5
16
D
J
A
B
17
A
17
A
19,
A
20
A
A
20
21
14
E
H
Repealed by MG Law No. 11 (see Issue 3, page 1)
..) Correction of Article IV (see Issue I, page 27)
2
1
I
15
L
3
L
5
J
1
(pro
*)
8
A
J
2
L
'2
M
2
M
2
N
3
M
16
N
M
N
N
5
17
6
7
M
19
N
9
�Issue
Law No. 20 - Election of Certain Public Servants. to the Flrst
Bundestag .
•.
....
-_.
Law No. 21 - Legal Effect of NotJarlal Acts of Intelim Offices
for German Affairs
Regulation No. 1
Law No. 51 - Currency
Amendment No.1
Law No. 52 (Amended) - Blocking and Control of Property .
Amendment to Law No. 52.
• •
General Order No.1.
•
Supplement No. 1 to General Order No.1.
~upplement No. 2 to General Order No.1.
Amendment No. 1 to Supplement No.2.
General Order No. 2 - I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.
General Order No. 3 - Bank: der Deutschen Arbeit A. G..
General' Order No. 4 - Appointment of Custodians for the
Property of United Nations a,nd Neutral Nationals in
Absentia
"
•
...
N
13
N
N
A
E
A
A
A
B
B
13
14
23
15
24
27
27
9
9
D
4
A
A
31
32
N
14
A
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 52:
General License No. 1 (Revised)
General License No. 2
General License No. 3
General License No. 4
.\\
General License No. 5
General License No. 5 (Amended)
General License No. 6
General License No. 7
General License No. 8
General License No. 8 (Amended)
General License No. 9
General License No. 10.
General License No. 11 .
General License No. 12 .
General License No. 13.
General License No. 14.
General License No. 15.
General License No. 16.
33
34
35
A
A
A
A
C
A
B
.
Law No. 53 -
Page
C
I
F
G
H
I
I
J
L
N
Foreign Exchange Control .
A
General Licenses Issued Puisuant to Law No. 53:
General License No. 1
General License No.2
General License No. 3
General License No.4
General License No. 5
General License No. 6
General License No. 7
General License No. 8
General License No.9
General License No. 10 .
3S
35
.13
36
10
14
25
11
36
15
25
26
57
30
27
36
D
11
F
G
H
I
I
J
L
12
36
15
25
26
57
30
N
Notice - Foreign Exchange and External Assets
Notice No. 2 - Foreign Exchange Assets of Displaced Persons
and Stateless Persons .
. . : . \.
Notice No.3 - Import and Export of German Currency
8
F
27
A
79
.J
58
L
31
3
.
,
.
"
\'
. j:.
I
";
I
.
\ .
�{
\
.,
(
Issue
Law No. 54 - Use of Wehrmacht Property • . . . • .
A
Law No. 55 - Prohibition of Transactions in Stocks and Bonds
and Other Interests of I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.. •
A
Law No. 56 - Prohdbition of Excessive Concentration of German
C
Economic Power . . . . . . . ."
. . . . . . . . •
Order No.1 - Prohibition of Monopolistic Conditions in the
German Motion Picture Industry. . . . . . .
I
Notice of Extension of Time under Order No.1.
J
Order No.2 . . . . • . . . . . • • .
L
Regulation No.1. . . . . • . . . . .
C
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No.1.
D
Amendment No. 2 to Regulation No.1.
I
Law No. 57 - Custodians for Certain Bank Organiza~ons
D
Amendment No.1. . . . . . . • . . . • . .
H
Law No. 57, Revised - Decentralization 'of Banks. '. . .
M
Law No. 58 - Implementing Control Council Directive No. 50 .
E
Law No. 59 - Restitution of Identifiable Property
..
G
J
Amendment No.1. . . . . . . . . . .
Amendment No.2. . . . . . . . . . .
M
Regulation No. 1 - Establishment of Central Filing Agency
and Manner of Filing Claims for Restitution. . . . .
G
Regulation No. '2 - Filing of Reports as Required by Mili
tary Government Law No. 59. . . . . . • . . . .
G
Regulation No. 3 - Designation of Successor Organizations
Pursuant to Military Government Law No.. 59 and
Appointment of a Successor Organization to Claim
Jewish Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J
Regulation No. 4 - Establishment of Board of Review. . .
K
Regulation No.. 5 - Period of Limitation for Filing Claims
M
Regulation No. 6 - Designation of a Restitution Agency
with General Jurisdiction. . . . . • . • . . .'. •
N
See also:
General Authorization No. 2 - Pursuant to Regulation No. 1
under MG Law No.2 .\ . . . . . . . . . • . . .
G
General License No. 10 - Issued Pursuant to MG Law No. 52
G
Law No. 60 - Establishment of a Bank Deutscher Laender. • .
I
Law No. 60, Revised - Establishment of a Bank Deutscher Laender
L
Law No. 61 - First .Law for Monetary Reform (Currency Law) .
J
Regulation No. 1
J
Regulation No.2. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .'
J
Regulation No.3. . . . . . . . . . . . "
. . ..
J
Regulation No. 4 - Special Permission for Reichsmark Trans
actions to Correct Illegal Payments. . . . . . .
K
Regulation No.5. . . . . . . . . '. • . . . • . . .
K
Regulation No. 6 ~ Regulation Concerning' Rail Tickets , .
K
Regulation No. 7 -"Regulation Concerning Old Currency
Stocks of the Financial Institutions. . . . . . . . .
K
Regulation No; 8 - Regulation Concerning the Payment of .
the Second Installment of the Quota per Capita. . . .
K
Regulation No.9. . . . . . • . • . . . • . • . . '.
L
Regulation No. 10 -Regulation Concerning Subsequent Pay
ment of Quota per capita • . . • . • . . . . .
L
Law No. 62 - Second Law for Monetary Reform (Issue Law) .
J
4
Page
39
41
2
16
59
6
6
5
17
1
2
21
16
1
2
22
26
30
3
1
23
15
36
36
10
6
6
13
17
17
3
4
4
5
5
12
13
18
�Issue
(
Law No. 63 - ThiJ\d Law for Monetary Reform (Conversion Law)
Amendment N o . 1 .
••
Regulation No. 1 - Qeneral Regulation .
Regulation No. 2 - Bank Regulation •
Regulation No. 3 - Insurance Regulation
Regulation No. 4 - Regulation Concerning the Cancellation
of Contracts for Delivery under the Third Law for
Monetary Reform (Conversion Law) .
.•.
Regulation No. 5 - Conversion of Pfennig Amounts ~
•
Regulation No. 6 - Regulation Concerning the Valuation of
ProvIsional Net Worth..
•
.,
•
Re~ulation No.7 Regulation Concerning Liabilities of
••
United Nations Nationals .
Regulation NO.8'. - Regulation Concerning Deposit Funds.
Amendment to Regulation No. 8 (Regulation No. 10) .
Regulation N o . 9 . • •
.
••
Regulation No. 10 - Amendment to R~gulation No.8.
Regulation No. 11 .
••
•
Regulation No. 12 - Regulation Concerning Repatriated PVl's
Regulation No. 13.- Reichsmark Liabilities to United Nations
•..••
Nationals
Regulation No. 14 .
•
. • .
'.
Regulation No. 15
Part Payment of Interest on the Equal
ization Claim of Financial Institution\ . . • . .
Regulation No. 16 - Conversion of Tilles ot Execution .
Regulation No. 17 - Reichsmark Closing Balance and'
BusIness Year
Regulation No. 18 .
Regulation No. 19 .
Regulation No. 20 .
Regulation No. 21 .
Regulation· No. 22 - Regulation Concerning Interest Maturity
for Fixed Interest Bearing Securities .
.
Regulation No: 23 - Conversion Account of Insurance
Enterprises
• ..•
Regulation No. 24 - Part Payment of Interest Due on the
Equalization Claims of Insurance Enterp~s .
Regulation No. 25 - Old Currency Credit Balance up to
10,000 Reichsmark .
.
Law No. 64 - Provisional Revision of Tax Legislation.
Amendment No.1. .
•
. ..
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Page
21
14
33
40
46
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10
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16
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26
27
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29
30
31
31
32
N
15
N
17
'N
22
N
24
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20
M
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Law No. 65 - Fourth Law for Monetary Reform (Supplementary
Conversion Law)
•
Regulation N o . 1 .
Regulation No. 2 - AdaptatiOn of the Provisions of the
Conversion Law
.
Regulation No.3
L
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21
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32
24
Law No. 66 -
M
34
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25
Land Central Banks .
"
Law No. 75 - Reorganization of German Coal and Iron and
Steel Industries
•
Regulation No. 1 - Regulation Concerning Certain Liabllities
.
of Colliery Undertakings. • •• •
5
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Issue
Law No. 76 (Amended) - Posts, Telephones, Telegraphes and Radio
Censorship Regulations for the Civilian Population of Ger
many under the Jurisdiction of Military Government.
Law No. 77 (Amended) - Suspension of Certain Organizations
. and Offices Con~rned with Labor .
•
Law No. 151 - Surrender of Effects of Deceased Members of the
United States Forces
.
•
•
Law No. 151, Revised - Surrender of Effects of Deceased Members
of the United St1ltes Forces .
.•.
•
Law No. 153 - German Courts Martial..
•
Law No. 154 - Elimination and ProhIbition of Military Training
Law No. 161, Amended (3) - Frontier Control .
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 161:
General License No. 1
General License No. 2
Law No. 191, Amended (1) Control of Publications, Radio
Broadcasting, News Services, Films, The'atres and Music and
Prohibition of Activdties of the Reichsministerium fuer Volks
aufklaerung und Propaganda
.
Information Control Regulation No.1 - Control of Publica
tions, Radio Broadcasting, Films, Theatres and Music. •
Information Control Regulation No. 2 - Notice, Surrender of
Motion Pdcture Film .
•
Information Control Regulation No.3. •
'.
Amendment No.1 to Information Control Regulation No.3
General License No. 1
General License No. 2
General License No. 3
Information Control License
I
I. .
•
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Page
42
A
44
A
48
A
49
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41
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50
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52
53
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14
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28
ORDERS' AND GENERAL ORDERS
(Pursuant to Military Government Proclamations and Laws)
\,
Order No. 1 - Providing for DispOSition of Certain Coal Properties
Order No.1 -' Pursuant to Proclamation No.7.)
Order No.2 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
Order No.3 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
Order No. 4 - Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 5 - I\trsuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 6.- Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No.7 - Pursuant to Proclamation No.7
Order No. 8 - Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
Order No. 9 - Pursuant to Proclamation No. 7
General Order No. 1 - Pursuant to Law No. 52 .
Supplement No. 1 to General Order No.1.
Supplement No. 2 to General Order No.1.
Amendment No. 1 to Supplement No. 2
I. G. Farben- .
General Order No.2...,., Pursuant to Law No. 52
. industrie A. G. .
•
General Order No. 3 -.:.. Pursuant to Law No. 52 Deutschen Arbeit A. G. .
.•
0)
Revision of German translaUon (see Issue M. page
6
U) .
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31
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32
Bank der
•
�Issue
Page
N
14
Order No.1 - Pursuant to Law No. 56 - ProhIbition of Monopol
istic ConditiOlllS :in the German Motion Picture Industry .
Notice - Extension of '!lime under Order No. 1
I
J
16
59
Order No.2 -
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28
A
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57
17
49
General Order No. 4 - Pursuant to Law No. 52 - Appointment
of Cu'Stodians .for the Property of United .Nations and Neutral
Nationa:ls in AlbsenllJia
•• • •
(
Pursuant to Law No. 56. ,
Order No.1 - Pursuant to Ordinance No. 1 (as Amended) • •
Clemeney for FmgElbogen Offenders .
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES
Ordinance No. 1 - Crimes and Offenses.
•
Amendment No.1.
..,
Amending Ordinance No. 1 (Ordinance No. 24) .
Order No. 1 - Clemency for Fragebogen Offenders •
Ordinance No.2 - Military Government Courts •
Amendment No.1.
.
Amendment No.2.
• •
..,.
Rules of Practice in Military Government Courts, Extract .
Ordinance No.3,' Amended (1) - English and French - Offi,ctal
Lan:gua'g\:!S
•
•.
•••
Ordinance No.4 - Prohibition of Wearing ~ German Military
Uniifonns . . ,
••
•
• •
• • •
Ordinance No. 5 - Curfew. •
••.•
Ordinance No.6 - Military Government Court for Civil Actions
Amendment No. 1 (Ord-inance No. 18)
Amendment No.2 (Ordinance No. 21)
Amendment No. 3 (OrdInance No. 34)
Amendment No. 4 (Ordinance No. 36)
Ordinance No.7
Organization and Powers of Certain Military
Ta.iibunals.
.••
.•.
Amending Ordinance No. 7 (Ordinance No. 11) •
•
Regulation No.1, as Amended by Ordinance No. 11. •
Ordinance No. 8 - Military Tribunal for Security Violations .
•
, Ordinance No.9 - Motor Vehicle Speed Limits.
Ordinance No. 10 - Illegal Possession of United States Military
Payment Certificates .' . ' .
••
Amending Ordinance No. 10 (Ordinance No. 15) .
f
J
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28
A
60
63
18
63
A
71.
A
A
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71
73
73
7
5
30
26
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10
11
6
16
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18
Ordinance No. 11 - Amending Military Government Ordinance
No, 7, Enrlitled "()r:gaaUzation and Powers of certa!in MlilIlta:ry
Tribunia:ls"
.
.
RegulatIon No. 1 under Ordinance No.7, as Amended by
Ordinance No. 1 1 .
.
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11
D
6
Ordinance No. 12 - Dlegal Possession of British Armed Forces
.
Special Vouchers (BAFSV) . '
•.
Amendment No.1 (Ordinance No. ~)
••. •
C
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12
6
D
1
Ordinance'No. 13 - Regulation of Sale, Transfer and Registration
Of Motor Vehicles *)
•
•
•
"
.) Correction of Articles IV (6) and VI (see Issue F. page 18)
•
7
.
" i ' .
, ' , I
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�Issue
Ordinance No. 14 (Appendix. "B" to Proclamation No.5) - Relat
ing to Production, Al:location and Distribution of Goods and
Raw Materials *)
•••••
• .
Ordinance No. 15 ~ Amending Military Government Ordinance
No. 10, Entitloo "megal Posgession of United States Military
Payment Certificates" •
• • .
Military Government Rhine Navigation
Ordinance No. 16 Crimi.nal Courts • ••
••••
•
Ordinance No. 17 - Prohibited Transactions and Activities.
Ordinance No. 18 - Amendment No. 1 to Military Government
Ordinance No. 6 "MllitMy Government Court foc Oivil Actions"
Ordinance No.' 19 - German Coal Organ:lzation. • • • • • •
Ordinance No. 20 - Prohibition Against the Import of Cigarettes
and Other TobSIcco Products •
• ••
.' .
Ordinance No. 21 - Amendment No. 2 to Military Government
Ordinance No.6 "Military Government Court for Civil Actions"
Ordinance No. 22 - Amendment No.1 to Military Government
OrdJinance No. 12 "Illegal Possession of British Armoo Forces
Special Vouchers (BAFSV)". ••
• • • •
•
Ordinance No. 23 - Relief from Unlawful Restraints of Personal
Liberty
'.. • • ••
•
•
•
Ordinance No. 24 - Amending Military Government Ordinance
No. l' (SHAEF), entitled "Crimes and Offenses" ••
.
Ordinance No. 25 - First Ordinance on the Exchange of Currency
iby Displaced Perrons
• • •
. .'
Ordinance No. 26 Second Ordinance on the Exchange, of
CUlITency by Displaced Persons
• • •
Ordinance No. 27 - Documentation, and Residence of Certain
Displaced ~rso:ns' •
•
•
..,
•
Ordinance No. 28 - Control of Persons Entering the United
States Zone
•
••••
•
Ordinance No. 29 - Expulsion of Undesirable Gennans •
Ordinance No. 30 - Expulsion of Undesiraple Non-Gennans. • •
Ordinance No. 31 - United States Military Government Courts
for Gel"1:llany **).
.'.
"
•
• ..
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No. 31 .
••
Regulation No.1 under Military Government Ordinance No. 31
Notice - Operative Dates of Military Government
Ordinance No. 31
•
•
Ordinance No. 32 - Code of Criminal Procedure for United States
Military Governmen.t Courts for Germany ***)
•
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No. 32 •
. •
Ordinance No. 33 - Code of Civil Procedure' for United States
Mill tary Governme~t ,Courts for ~nnany t)..
..
Ordinance No. 34 - Amendment No. 3 to Military Government
Ordlinance NQ. 6, "Military Government Courts for Civil Actions"
Ordinance No. 35 - Misuse of Army Postal Service •
• •.•
OrCUJlance No. 36 - Amendment No. 4 to Military Government
Ordini8lnce N o . 6 . .
• • . . •
.) Correction of Section .0 (2) (see Issue 1', page'lill;
repeal of Ordinance No. U (see Issue I, page 21)
••) Changes in the German translation (see Issue L, page 32)
•••) Changes 1n the German translation (see Issue· L, page 33)
t) Changes In the German translation (see Issue L. page U)
8
Page
E
6
E
18
E
F
19
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7
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2
4
H
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5
H
6
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7,
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29
29
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56
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26,
�Issue
AMENDMENTS
. (to Military qovernment Proclamations, Laws, Ordinances,
Page
Regulations)
(
Am~nding Proclamation No. 5 (Proclamation No.6) .
Amendment No. 1 to Law No.2. . . . • • . .
Amendment No.2 to Law No.2 . . . . . . . .
Amendment No. 3 to Law No.2. . . . . • . •
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No. I, Revised, under Law No. 10
Amendment No. 1 to. Law No. 15
Amendment No.1 to .Law No. 16
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 17
Amendment No.1 to Law ~o. 51
Amendment to Law No. 52 .
..........•..•
Amendment No. 1" to Supplement No. 2 to General Order No: 1
Pursuant 10 Law No. 52 • . . . . . . . . . .
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 56
Amendment No.2 to Regulation No.1 under Law No. 56
Amendment No.1 to Law No. 57
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 59
Amendment No. 2 to Law No. 59
Amendment No. 1 to Law No. 63 . . . . • . . . • . . .
Amendment to Regulation No.8 under Law No. 63 (Regulation No. 10)
Amendment No.1 to Law No. 64
Amendment No. 1 to Information Control Regulation No. 3 under
Law No. 191, Amended (1) • . .
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No.1.
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No.2.
Amendment No. 2 to Ordinance No.2.
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No.6' (Ordinance No. 18)
Amendment No.2 to Ordinance No.6 (Ordinance No. 21)
.Amendment No.3 to Ordinance No.6 (Ordinance No. 34)
Amendment No.4 to Ordinance No. 6 (Ordinance No. 36)
. Amending Ordinance No.7 (Ordinance No. 11) • • . •
Amending Ordinance No. 10 (Ordinance. No. 15) . . . •
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No. 12 (Ordinance No. 22)
Amendment No.1 to Ordinance No. 31
Amendment No. 1 to Ordinance No. 32
F
A
B
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A
D
D
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1
10
1
3
5
3
5
6
15
27
4
5
17
2
2
22
14
17
20
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15
17
63
18
7
5
30
N
C
26
11
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18
6
29
26
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REGULATIONS
(under Military Government Proclamations, Laws, Ordinances)
Regulation No.1 under Proclamation No.8
Regulation No. 2 under Proclamation No. 8
J
1
M
1
Regulation under Law No.1. . . . . . .
A
.5
A
C
G
11
13
36
B
D
3
4
J
5
Regulation No.1 under Law No.2. . . .
General Authorization No. 1 Pursuant to Regula~lon No.1.
General Authorization No.2 Pursuant to Regulation No.1.
Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 2 Testimony in German Courts
by Persons Subject to U.nited States Military Law and by Per
'SOns Associated with ¢he United StateS Office of Military Gov
ernment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulation No.3 under Law No.2 (Amended)
Regulation No. 4 under Law No. 2 (~ended)
9
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Amendment to Regulation No.8 (Regulation No. 10) .
•
Regulation No. 9 under Law No. 63
10
17
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Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 63 - Geneml' Regulation
Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 63 - Bank Regulation . .
Regulation No. 3 under Law No. 63 - Insurance Regulation •
Regulation No.4 under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning the
C8ooe1latioo of Contracts ,for Delivery under the Third Law
for M<meta!l1y Refur:m (CODIVeTslon Law) .'.
••
•
Regubitlon No.5 under La'Y No. 63 - Conversion of Pfennig Amounts
Regulation No. 6 under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning
the Valualtion of Provi.sio.nal Net Worth. •..
•
•
•
Regulation No. 7 under Law NO'. 63 - Regulation Concerning
Li:a:bi1l.ties oi. United Nations Nationalls • •
•
Regulation No.8 under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning
6
5
I
Regulation NO'. 1 under Law No. 61 .
Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 61 .
Regulaticn No. 3 under Law No. 61. •
Regulation No. 4 under Law No. 61 Special Permission for
Reidlsmark Transactions to Correct Itaegai Pa,ments .
••
Regulation No.5 under Law No. 61..
Regulation No. 6 under Law No. 61 - Regulation Concerning
Radl Tickets
••
.,
•
•
Regulation No. 7 under Law No. 61 - Regulation Concerning Old
CUmmcy Stocks of the Financial Imldfutions .
••
Regulation No. 8 under Law No. ofl - Regulation Concerning the
Payment of the Second I~ent at the Qwta per Capita .
•
.
Regulation No. 9 under Law No. 61 •
Regulation No. 10 under Law No. 61 - Regulation Concerning
Subsequent Payment of Quota per Capita
•
7
14
C
.
.) Repealed by MG Law No. 11 (see Issue J, page i)'
5
N
N
Regulatdon No. 6 under Law No. 59 - Designation of a Restitution
Agency w>iIIh Genenall JlUllisddctioo
De~t~m..
21
15
3
I
L
L
Regulation No.1 under Law No; 59 - Establishment of Central
Fill:ng Agency '8Il'ld Manner of Filing C~ for Restitution .
Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 59 - Filing of Reports as
Required by Military Government I.I3IW No. 59. •
•
Regulation No. 3 under Law No. 59 - Designation of Successor
Organizations Pursuant to.Militar.y Government Law No. 59 and
Appoinltment of a SUCOE!SSOIt" Ol"gallllzation, to Olahn Jewish
Property
Regulation No. 4 under Law No. 59 - Establishment of Board
•.•
•
of Review • •
Regulation No.. 5 Under Law No. 59 - Period of Limitation for
Fi:ling 0la1ms.
Page
A
Regulaticn NO'. 1 under Law No.8·)
•
Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 10 •
•
, Regulation No.1, Revised, under Law No. 10 .
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No.1, Revised .
Regulation No.1 under Law No. 17 (Amended)
Regulation No.1 under Law No. 21
Regulation No.· 1 under Law NO'. 56
Amendment No. 1 to Regulation No. 1
Amendment No.2 to Regulation No.1
23
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15
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K
3
4
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4
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12
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13
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33
40
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K
9
9
17
17
5
46
K
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15
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15
17
16
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'
.
�Issue
Regulation No. 10 under Law No. 63
Regulation No. 8
••
••
. '.
No. 1 under Law No. 65
No.2 under Law No. 65 of the Conversion Law
No.3 under Law No. 65
17
18
L
18
L
M
20
23
M
26
M
27
M
M
M
M
M
29
30
31
31
N
15
N
17
N
22
N
24
21
M
N
..•
•
•
"
•
Regulation No. 24 under Law No. 63 - Part Payment of Interest
Due on tihe Eq'l.llal!imtion Claim at Ineur.an~Entetprl.ses. • .
Regulation No. 25 under Law No.. 63
Old Currency Credit .
Balance Uip to 10,000 Reicll.smwk . .
.,.
Regulation
Regulation
visions
Regulation
L
L
L
••
Regulation No. 11 under Law No. 63
•
•
Regulation No. 12 under Law No. 63 Regulation Concerning
Repatriated PW's
••
"
•••
•
Regulation No. 13 under Law No. 63 Reic:hsmark Liabilities to
United Nations Nationalis. .
• •
Regulation No. 14 under Law No. 63
.••••
•
Regulation No. 15 under Law No. 63 Part Payment of Interest
on the Equalization CLaim. of Financial In..~tut:l.ons •
. , •.
Regulation No. 16 under Law No. 63 - Conversion of Titles of
Execution
•.
• • . • ••
••.••..
Regulation No. 17 under Law No. 63 - Reic:hsmark Closing
Balance and Business Year
Regulation No. 18 under Law No. 63
. Regulation No. 19 under Law No. 63
Regulation No. 20 under" Law No. 63
Regulation No. 21 under Law No. 63
('
Regulation No. 22· under Law No. 63 - Regulation Concerning
Interest Maturity toF Fixed In~ Bearmg Securities .
Regulation No. 23 under Law No. 63 -Conversion Account of
Insurance Enterprises
Page
32
24
N
25
A
54
A
56
. 14
15
27
28
28
Amendment to
32
Adaptation of the Pro-
Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 75 - Regulation Concerning
Certain Lil3!bil:ities of Co1liery Undertakings •
Information Control Regulation No. 1 under Law No. 191,
Amended (1) - Co.n1:a:'oil ot PublimtiiOllS, Radio BroaJdioastdng,
••.•
.,
FilImI, Theatres and Music
Information Control Regulation No. 2 under Law No. 191,
Amended (1) - Notice, Surrender of Motion Picture Film .
Information Control Regulation No.3..
.•••
Amendment No. 1 to Information Control Regul·atlon No.3.
General License No. 1
General License No. 2
General License N o . 3 .
Regulation No. 1 under Ordinance No.7, as Amended by
• •
Ordinance NO. 11
Regulation No. 1 under Ordinance No. 31 .
F
H
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N
D
6
L
29
General Authorization No. 1 Pursuant to Regulation No. 1 under
Law No.2.
.
.
C
13
General Authorization No. 2 Pursuant to Regulation No. 1 under
Law No.2.
..
.
•.
G
36
GENERAL AlJTHORIZATIONS
11
.-
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.
�LICENSES AND GENERAL LICENSES
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 52 (Amended),
·~Blockin.g and Control of Property":
General License No. 1 (Revised)
General License No. 2
General License No. 3
General License No. 4
General License No. 5
General License No. 5 (Amended)
General License No. 6
General License No. 7
General License No. 8
General License No. 8 (Amended)
General License No. 9
General License No. 10
General License No. 11
General License No. 12
General License No. 13
General License No. 14
General License No. 15
General License No. 16
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 53, "Foreign
Exchange Control":
General License No.· 1
General License No. 2
General License No.3
General License No. 4
General License No. 5
General License No. 6
General License No. 7
General License No. 8
General License No.9.
"
General License. No. 10
General Licenses Issued Pursuant to Law No. 161, "Frontier
Control":
General License No. 1
General' License No. 2
License under Law No. 191, "Control of Publications, etc." •
General Licenses Issued Pursuant' 4:0 Infonnation Control Regula
tion No.3, Amended (1) under Law No. 191, Amended (1):
General License No. 1
General License No. 2
General License No. 3
Issue
Pare
A
33
34
35
35
35
13
36
10
14
25
11
36
15
A
A
A
A
C
A
B
C
I
F
G
H
I
25
I
J
L
26
57
30
N
27
D
8
F
F
G
H
I
I
11
12
36
15
J
L
N
D
25
26
57
30
27
.8
F
12
A
56
N
N
27
28
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28
A
78
78
NOTICES
To Parents and Guardians .
Possession, Sale, and Barter of Articles of United States Origin.
12
A
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E
Importation of Cigarettes *) • •
•
•
Notice under Law No. 53 - Foreign Exchange and External Assets
Notice No.2 under Law No. 53 - Foreign Exchange Assets of
Displaced Persons and Stateless PeJ:SOIru!. • • • • • • • •
Notice No.3 under Law No. 53 - Import and Export of German
Cunrency
•
••
.•.•• .
Notice of Extension of Time under Order No.1 Issued Pursuant
. to L!iw No. 56 - ProhiJbition of Monopolistic Conditions in tJhe
German Motion PJcture Industry. • •
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Notice - Operative Dates of Military Government Ordinance No. 31
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59
32
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14
16
30
27
CORRECTIONS
Corrections:
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43
Al'PENDICES
U. S. Military Government Legislation App\icable in the U. S.
Sector of Berlin:
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U. S. Military Government Legislation Concerning Currency Reform
in U. S. Sector of Berlin:
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.) ReSCinded by Al1:1cle V of Ordinance No. 20 (see Issue H; page 5)
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
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<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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2954 folders
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Fallon, Colin [Docs from H. Junz's Rest. Paper] [2]
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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956181-fallon-colin-docs-from-h-junzs-rest-paper-2
956181
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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ff5d74802980d2cb75b3d4a5cea55795.pdf
8faeec4970f20cee16c9d6082efcb571
PDF Text
Text
{
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List of Appendices for Policy Document
(In Chronological Order)
E. O'Connor
Oct. 15, 1999
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- The Hague Convention of 190..1' (.
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- Summary ofTrading with the Enemy Act; ( ['1 tfl rt-If.)i 8'
- The London Declaration: Jan. 5, 1943;
- The Morgenthau Plan, 1943
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- Combined Directive for Military Govemment in Germany Prior to
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Defeat or Surrender, April 28, 1944;
- Excerpts from Handbook for Military Government concerning operating
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Draft Directive for Treatment of Germany, Mar. 10,1945
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Memorandum Regarding American Policy for Treatment of Germany,
Mar. 23, 1945
6.
Directive to Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces of Occupation Regarding
Military Government of Germany, April 28, 1945 (JCS 1067/6)
7.
Declaration Regarding Defeat of Germany and Assumption of Supreme
Authority by Allied Powers, June 5,1945
8.
American Directive on the Military Government of Austria,June 27,1945
9.
USFEf Directive to Commanding Generals, excerpt, "Blocking and Control
of Property," July 7, 1945
10.
Proclamation No.1, Military Government - Germany, Supreme Commander's
Area ofControl, July 14, 1945
11.
- Report on the Tripartite Conference of Potsdam, August 2, 1945; :
Tripartite Conference at Berlin, Dept. of State Bulletin 13, August 5, 1945;
- "A Year of Potsdam," excerpt (undated)
12.
Control Council Proclamation No.2: Certain Additional Requirements Imposed
on Germany, Oct. 29, 1945
13.
Allied Control Council Law No.5, "Vesting and Marshalling of German External
Assets," Oct. 30, 1945
14.
Allied Control Council Law No.1, Sept. 20,1945; Law No.2: Oct. 10, 1945;
Proclamation No.3, Oct. 20, 1945; Law No.4, Oct. 30, 1945.
�15.
Directive on Austria, approved by the State-War.;.Navy Coordinating
Committee, Nov. 29, 1945
16.
Statement on American Economic Policy toward Gennany, Dec. 12, 1945 .
17.
Functions of Allied Kommandatura Berlin, Dec. 21, 1945
18.
Allied Control Council Definition of Restitution, Jan. 19, 1946i' 2~
19.
Final Act and Annex of the Paris Conference on Reparation, Jan.
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22. Agreement oJla Plan for Allocation of a Reparation hare to Non.
Repatriable Victims of German Action, June 14, 1946
20.
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Allied Agreement on Control Machinery forAustria, June 28, 1946
24.
Democratization of Gennany: A Statement of Policy by General Joseph
McNarney, July 9,1946
25.
Stuttgart Address by Sec. of State Byrnes, Sept. 6, 1946
26.
Memoranda entitled "Strengthening Gennan Civil Administration in the U.S.
Zone," first item undated; second item dated Sept. 30, 1946
27.
The (Herbert) Hoover Report, Feb. 26, 1947
28.
Proclamation No.5, Military Government Gennany, U.S. Area of Control,
.
June 2, 1947
29.
Directive to Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Forces of Occupation, Regarding
the Military Government of Gennany, July 11, 1947 (JCS 1779)
30.
Military Government Law 59, November 10,1947 (includes regs 1 - 6)
31.
N.B.: OUT OF CHRON ORDER:
- Military Government Laws 52 and 53
Title 17, "PropertyCqntrol"
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REFERENCE IfEM: Cumulative Index ~o Issues A - N of the Military
Government Gazette; U.S. Zone
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�A Note on Policy: U.S. Military Occupation of Gennany
E. O'Connor/Oct. 18, 1999
Property policy was subsumed in the larger category of occupation policy generally;
and in that sense alone, the controversies surrounding JCS 1067 merit attention. At some
point, we will have to decide whether or not we want to classify JCS 1067 as official
policy or not as a basis for deciding the propriety of U.S. Military Government actions vis
a-vis Nazi victim property.
There are three key issues: (1) dissension at top government and military levels at
the time JCS 1067 was developed (particularly across the Secretaries of War, State, and
Treasury); (2) key transfers of opinion and authority ~ffecting policy development and
implementation (e.g., FDR to Truman); and (3) breakdowns between policy and
implementation dating back to the official adoption of JCS 1067 (e.g., Cabinet-level policy
making versus Clay). (For more details on these points, see Ziemke, 1975: 80-96, 208
224, and 342-365.) Broader issues affecting policy included interactions with the other
Allied powers (e.g., France's rejection of unity for Gennany); domestic considerations in
the U.S. (Zink, 1957: 90) and concerns about the cost of the Occupation; and the fact that
the U.S. Zone was relatively poor and relied on imports (Gimbel, 1968: 20,46,98).
Eventually concerns about the Cold War dominated U.S. policymaking (Zink, 1957: 92).
Some historians argue that the U.S. had no occupation policy (i.e.,"a clear-cut and
reasonably well integrated set of plans based on a carefully considered and firmly grounded
policy decided at the highest political level"; Zink, 1947: 201) until Secretary of State
Byrnes's Stuttgart address (Sept., 1946) and lCS 1779 (July 11, 1947). Zink calls
Byrnes's address "the first statement of American long-range policy in.Gennany" (Zink,
1947: 202). According toZink, the U.S.'s major concern had been winning the war
(203). This is confinned in accounts of policy fonnulation at the Presidential level
(Ziemke, 1975: 106; Zink, 1957: 88) which indicate reluctance to plan for the long tenn.
. Although JCS "legally controlled American activities in Germany from May 1945
until the middle of 1947" (Zink, 1957: 91), it was protested from the outset (Gimbel, 1968:
17) and for some historians had no force whatsoever (e.g., Fainsod, 1948; Zink, 1947).
As of April, 1945, FDR no longer backed it (Zink, 1957: 92; See also Ziemke, 1975: 80
96, 208-224 and 342-365; also see attached chronology of lCS 1067). Thus, until the
Byrnes speech, there was a major discrepancy between official policy and its administration
(Gimbel, 1968: 1). Gimbel (1968,5) argues that the Potsdam agreement pennitted Clay to
interpretlCS 1067 (Clay supports this interpretation; 19.50: 19,72; see also Ziemke, 1975:
443 for further support), which had "room for interpretation" (Gimbel, 1968: 8) as he saw'
fit, i.e., emphasizing the economic unity. (Clay was also concerned about the work
involved in any rewriting of JCS 1067; Ziemke, 1975: 443). Potsdam "treated Gennany as
a single economic unit, by ensuring an equitable distribution of essential commodities
through central administrations, by establishing central administrations and common
policies to replace the regional autonomy of JCS 1067, and by linking reparations to the
requirement that Gennany be pennitted sufficient resources to subsist without external
assistance" (Gimbel, 1968: 16). According to ZieIDke, U.S. occupation policy went "full
circle" in moving from FM 27-5 (see attached notes) to JCS 1067 and then to Byrnes and
JCS 1779 (Ziemke, 1975: 443). Holborn (1947: 71) confinns this'view in his description
of the Byrnes address as the moment when Potsdam became officially implemented.
(
\. ..
The thrust for economic unity, made impossible at the Allied level due to
disagreements with France and with the Soviet Union, motivated Clay to establish the
Laenderrat and the Bizonal agreement with Great Britain (Gimbel; 1968: 44). These moves
had significant implications for property policy and implementation.
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References
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Fainsod, Merle. (1948). "The Development of American Military crovemment Policy
during World War II." In Fribdrich, Carl J., and Associates. American
Experiences in Military Government in World War II. New York: Rinehart
and Co.
I
.".
i
Gimbel, John. (1968). The American Occupation of Germany: Politics and the
.
Military, 1945-1949. Stanforo: Stanford University Press.
Hoi born, Hajo. (1947). American Jmtary Government: Its Organization and Policies.
Washington: Infantry Journal Press.
"
*
Ziemke, Earl F. (1975). The U.S. Aby in the Occupation of Germany 1944-1946.
. Washington: Center of Militiry History.
Zink, Harold. (1957). The United States in"Germany 1944-1955. Princeton: "
D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. I
I
Zink, Harold. (1947). American Military Government in Germany. New York:
I
Macmillan.
"
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�Note on Genesis of JCS 1067
E. O'Connor, Oct. 19, 1999
I
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The main sources used in this I ote are Ziemke, 1975 and Dorn, 1957 (see last page
n
for full cites). This is intended as an ihlormal note only.
,
I
The Hunt report (Ziemke, 197:5: 3), based on U.S. military occupation experience
in World War I, recognized that the administration of occupied territory was a part of war
and that the Army had to develop competence in civil administration.
I
!
FM 27-5 (Field Manual ofMil~tary Government, 1940) prescribed a military
government was "just, humane, and as mild as practicable." The objective was to "obtain
enduring peace and convert former enemies into friends" (Ziemke, 1975: 21). However, a
Dec. 22, 1943 revision of the handbook no longer stated conversion of enemies into
friends as an objective of military gov~rnment (MG) but "predicted that properly conducted
MG could 'minimize belligerency, obt;iin cooperation, and achieve favorable influence on
the present and future attitude towardlthe U.S. and its allies'" (Ziemke, 1975: 85).
However, the version still insisted on t"just and reasonable' treatment of civilians and
prompt rehabilitation of economies" (Ziemke, 1975: 85).
According to Ziemke, based In the Hunt Report, FM 27-5, and the schools
(especially Charlottesville), American! military officers "had a remarkably homogeneous
outlook" on fundamental philosophy ~nd policy of military occupation (Ziemke, 1975: 84).
A directive entitled CCS (Con1binedChiefs of Staff) 551 had been drafted in April
and May, 1944. The CCS represente" combined chiefs of staff of the U.S. and Britain.
This document was, however, restrict~d to the pre-:-surrender period (Ziemke, 1975: 85); in
addition, it assumed "an intact surrender" (Ziemke, 1975: 100(101). There was an
economic provision giving Eisenhow~r control over German industry, a provision of
which was "to make goods available for restitution and reparations" (Ziemke, 1975: 60).
There was also a political guide sent ~ith the directive, stating that MG was to be
"'firm...at the same time just and humane with regard to the civilian population as far as
consistent with strict military requirerttents'" (Ziemke, 1975: 59). The purposes were to be
"to assist continuing military operatio~s, to destroy nazism and fascism, to maintain law
and order, and to restore normal conditions in the population as soon as possible" (Ziemke,
1975:59).
I
!
I
The most influential documeni in the preparation of JCS 1067 (~ith the possible
exception of the Morgenthau Plan) was the Military Government Handbook. Handbooks
had been prepared before (e.g., the Allied MG of Sicily and Italy, AMGOT, had prepared
one, as others had been prepared for liberated countries of Northwestern Europe. These
handbooks typically went straight to the military detachments. The main idea of the
Handbook was that it would contain the basic infqrmation that any military officer would
need to know in the field. In this case; a SHAEF planning unit, entitled the German
.Country Unit, was charged with civil ~ffairs responsibilities in Germany. From May to
September of 1944, the GCU was draf:ting its Military Government Handbook. But this
particular one "made an unscheduled detour through the White House" (Ziemke, 1Cfl5: 83).
Handboo~
The first draft of the
was completed on June 15, 1944. It contained
descriptions of probable conditions in Germany and the organizations and operations of
MG. The "heart" was a chapter each dn the 12 primary civil affairs: MG functions such as
food, finance, etc. Then, for function~ specialists, each chapter was expanded upon and
�I
I
1
I
issued separately as a manual. Finally.! sample report forms and other basic information
were included (the Supreme Commanqer's proclamation, ordinances, and laws). The
proclamation declared Eisenhower as the Supreme Commander, SHAEF and stated his
assumption of supreme legislative,judibial and executive power in the occupied territory.
The ordinances were as follows: (1) A Istatement of 19 crimes against Allied Forces
punishable by death; (2) The establishrhent ofthe M(i courts; and (3) The establishment of
English as the official language of the MG. There were two categories of laws: Those
necessary to establish aitd maintain Mq control; and those dealing with National Socialism.
(For further information, see Ziemke, 1975: 83-96).
I .
In the meantime, on August 15,! 1944, the Civil Affairs Division (reporting directly
to the Secretary of War and responsibl~ for coordinating, for the War Dept., all actions of
civilian agencies in the theaters of ope~tions; its job was to plan for civil affairs) proposed
a post surrender directive, instructing I;isenhower to maintain a "firm,just and humane"
administration (Ziemke, 1975:
85)'1
In early August, 1944, Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau "chanced" to read "a
State Department paper dealing with pqstwar policy for Germany, and he was filled with
misgivings" (Ziemke, 1975: 86). He obtained a copy of the Handbook. Morgenthau had
vehement objections particularly conce.ping the passages relating to economic rehabilitation
(Ziemke, 1975: 86). He raised these objections to FOR, and evidently FOR agreed with
him. The Handbook was ordered sus~nded and recalled (Ziemke, 1975: 87).
oeu
.
The job of rewriting the Handtlok went to G-5, SHAEF (the
had by now
ceased to exist). A hasty revision, acknbwledging the temporary nature of the document
and even including a number of blank pages, was put forth (Ziemke, 1975: 88). Three
main principles were set forth·: (1) No $teps would be taken towards the economic
rehabilitation of Germany except those i:mmediately necessary to support military
occupation; (2) No relief supplies woulq be imported or distributed beyond the minimm
necessary to prevent disease and such disorder as would impede military operations; and
(3) No active Nazis or ardent sympathiters would be retained in office for the purposes of
administrative convenience or expedie~cy. Finally, the Nazi party was dissolved. There
were also attempts to reconcile the version with British criticisms (Ziemke, 1975: 88-89).
"As a result, the first sentence ... ordered~military government to do nothing to support the
Gerinan economy and the second ordered it to require the German authorities to continue
the controls that had sustained the econ6my through the war" (Ziemke, 1975: 89). Another
thorny issue concerned denazification pOlicy (Ziemke, 1975: 90).
(
In the meantime, the post-surren1er directive was deemed problematic because an
"intact surrender" seemed increasingly onlikely; instead, an "altogether different ending to
the war, one which might leave Germany a totally burned-out wreck" (Ziemke, 1975: 100)
was anticipated. In late August, 1944, ~senhower asked to be relieved of economic
responsibilities assigned to him under c:CS 551. This caused problems for the British
(Ziemke, 1975: 101). But the War Dept;. decided that a postsurrender directi ve was
imperative--aJso because of the "handbqok contrO\;,ersy." Debates among'the War. State
and Treasury departments rekindled in early September, 1944. The President formed a
"Cabinet Committee on Germany" consi1sting of the three Secretaries. The War Department
objected to the Morgenthau plan of "past~ralizing and partitioning" Germany (Ziemke,
1975: 102). Stimson opposed Morgent~au. But Morgenthau prevailed in Quebec
. (Ziemke, 1975: 103-104). On Septembyr 22, 1944, the three Secretaries completed JCS
1067. It was seen as strictly a short te~ document (Ziemke. 1975: 104; Foreign Relations
of the United States, Conferences at M~ta and Yalta, 1945: 143). It bore'ffie Morgenthau
imprint (Ziemke, 1975: 104; Dorn, 19571). (Dorn called it "largely a Treasury document":
494; Ziemke takes issue with this statement.) According to Ziemke, with JCS 1067, the
.
I
' .
I
.
I
1:2....
�~rmy
Wor Department was 'not making the
the instrument for achieving the long-range
aims of the Morgenthau Plan, but merely taking from Eisenhower the responsibility during
the initial occupation period for preve~ting an economic collapse, which Eisenhower
believed was inevitable" (Ziemke, 1975: 105). The Directive received JCS approval on
September 24, 1944. Nonetheless Ziemke calls it a "half hearted" agreement He notes
dissension and objections across the Departments--infringeIilent by War and Treasury on
State's policymaking function; the intrhsion of the State Department into the authority of
Zone Comanders (Ziemke, 1975: 208).
I
I
Three days later, fUR called Stimson to say that he did not really intend to make·
Germany an agricultural nation. In eafly October, he told Stimson he was "'staggered' to
learn that a passage about agriculturalization and pastoralization was in the agreement that
he had initialed with Churchill at Que1ec (Ziemke, 1CJ75: 106).
On December 1, 1944, Edward R. Stettinius succeeded Cordell Hull as Secretary of
. I
On January 13, 1945, JCS 10617 was submitted for tripartite adoption at the
European Advisory Commission levell but it was not accepted. Thereafter, it remained
I .
.
strictly a U.S. document.
State.
On March 10, 1945, Stettinius sent fUR a State Department Draft Directive for
Germany, citing his responsibility forfue conclusions reached at Yalta, On March 13,
fUR approved the document (FRUS,il945, v. III, p. 433). On March 14, the SWNCC
discussed the possible rewriting of JCS 1067 in light of the new Directive (the War Dept.
wanted Zone Commander latitude). But the March 10 Directive stated that the authority of
the Control Council was to be paramo~nt throughout Germany. (The September version
responded to Eisenhower's fears about having to hold up the German economy; it made
Germans responsible for price control~, food distribution, employment, production,
reconstruction, housing, transport, etc.) But the March 10 Directive made economic
controls a responsibility of the occupying authorities and assigned power to formulate
policy to the Control Council. Stettini*s wanted to establish an informal policy committee
on Germany under the chairmanship of the Dept. of State and including representatives of
the War, Navy, Treasury and the Forei'gn Economic Administration.
I
On March 15, Stettinius met with Stimson, Morgenthau, Asst. Sec. of Navy
Hensel, and Asst. to Foreign Economi~ Advisor Henry Fowler. They named
representatives to the Informal Policy Committee on Germany (lPCOG). The Chair was
Asst. Sec. of State for Economic Affaits, William E. Clayton.
.
I
.
On March 16, Stimson rold FDR that the Zone Commander needed complete
residual authority in matters that the Control.Council did not handle centrally.
I
. On March 20, Morgenthau objected to this idea. Stimson went to FDR. FDR told
hinm that he did not remember the State Department directive (of March 10) and that to his
knowledge he had not read it. On Mar~h 22, FD~ said that the March 10 directive had to
be rewritten. He wanted some level of:central administration; he also wanted some
deindustrialization but he did not wantito eliminate German heavy industry. He also said
that Quebec was a mistake, and he blamed Churchill for using the word "pastoral," which
FDR said was not a word he would have used (Ziemke, 1CJ75: 212).
Contr~l
.
On March 23, IPCOG met and kave authority to the
Council but stated that
policies were to be carried out by the ~one Commanders. Otherwise Zone Commanders
were to decide on matters affecting their own zones and in accordance with directives of
their respective governments.
!
�!
. This Directive went to the Ambassador in London the next day with an explanation
that it superseded the March 10 Directive. "JCS 1067... went to IPCOG to be rewritten as
IPCOG 1 and [became] the directive to ;the U.S. Commander in Germany" (Ziemke, 1975:
214). The final version was less clear tllan the March 23 version concerning the role of the
Zone Commanders in maintaining contrPls--but it was not entirely eliminated either, as
Treasury had wanted (Ziemke, 1975: 214).
I
i
On April 12, 1945, Harry Trum~ succeeded FOR as President. Truman did not
support Morgenthau and wanted to adm~nister Germany as an economic unit (Ziemke,
1975: 342). Morgenthau resigned in Ju1y, 1945 when Truman did not invite him to
i
Potsdam. .
The JCS amended the directive to allow Eisenhower to continue the production of
synthetic rubber and oil, aluminum, andlmagnesi urn to meet the needs of the occupying
forces. Truman stated that he disagreedlwith Morgenthau on fundamental issues
concerning German industry. On May ~ 4, approved by Truman and with the JCS
amendment, the directive went to Eisenhower as JeS 1067/8. '
Truman did not support Morgenthau. He wanted to administer Germany as an
economic unit (Ziemke, 1975: 342). Mbrgenthau resigned in July, 1945 when Truman
made it clear that Morgeothau would oj go to Potsdam.
i
.
/ </".)
Works Cited
(r D/)1 'Ji LlLUtLo, L Iv!:s,GJ
I
~I 1uLt.'tuv·; /,1/' [a-ermaf1Lrl' nlj ~ ..I)(!VLblj!jl~
<
<
Dorn, Walter L. (1957). "The Debate oyer American Occupation Policy in Ge.nnany in
1944-1945." Political Science Quarterly, Vol. LXXII, No.4: 481-501.
i
tremke,.Eari F. (1975). The U.S. Arrn:y in the Occupation of Germany, 1944-1946.
Washington: Center of Military !History.
.
i
~.
�Bibliography: ,Policy Document Full Cites
(fop pps. list author and date only)
I
.
!
I
Department of State Publicatiori 3556 (1950). German~1947-1949, The
Story in Documents. Wishington: Government rinting Office.
European and British Cobtmonwealth Series 9. .
Associat~s.
Friedrich, Carl J., and
(1948). American Experiences in
Military Government in World War II. New York: Rinehart and
Co.'
i
Gi~bel, John (1968).
The AmJrican Occupation of Germany: Politics'
: and the Military, 1945-1949. Stanford: Stanford University Press ..
Holborn, Hajo. (1947). Amerilan Military Government: Its Organization
and Policies. Washington: Infantry Journal Press.
Kurtz, Michael. (1997). "The End of the War and the Occupation of
Germany, 1944-52. Laws and Conventions Enacted to Counter
German Appropriations: iThe Allied Control Council." In
.
Simpson, Elizabcth, cd. Thc Spoils of'Var: World War II and
Its Aftermath: Thc Loss, IRcappcarancc, and Rccovery of
Cultural Property. New ¥ork: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Pp.
112-J 16.
i
:
Kurtz, Michael. (1985). Nazi Contraband: American Policy on the
Return of European Cultural Treasures, 1945-1955. New York:
Garland Publishing.
Pollock, James K., and Meisel, J,ames H. (1947). Germany under
Occupation: Illustrative Materials and Documents. Ann Arbor:
George Wahr Publishing Co.
I
I
Ruhm von Oppen, Beate (ed). (1955). Documents on Germany under
Occupation, 1945-1954. London: Oxford Univcrsity Prcss.
/
i.
Simpson, Elizabeth (ed). (1997). The SlNil. of War:. World War II and
Its Aftermath: The Loss, Reappearance, and Recovery of Cultural
Property. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
�i
Staff of the Senate Committee o~ Foreign Relations and the Department of
State. A Decade of American. Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, .
1941-49. Prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations. Senatel Document No. 123. 81st Congress. 1st
session.
Ziemke, Earl F. (1975). The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany
1944-1946. Washington: I Center of Military History.
Zink. Harold. (1957). The United States in Germany 1944-1955.
Princeton: D. Van Nostr~nd Co.• Inc.
Zink. Harold. (1947). American Military Government in Germany.
New York: Macmillan.
(Also: The Foreign Relations 'of the United States series is a key source
also; year and volume numbers are indicated at the top of each page.)
(
•
�Hr.FLbOYY1
154
19i7
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
VII
REPORT OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE
February 11, 19451.
For the past eight days, Winston S. Churchill, Prime Minister of Great
Britain, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, and
Marshal J. V. Stalin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, have met with the Foreign Secretaries,
Chiefs of Staff, and other advisors in the Crimea.
[A list of participants in addition to the three heads of governments follows
here in the original.]
The following statement is made by the Prime Minister of Great Britain, the
President of the United States of America, and the Chairman of the Council
of People's Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the results
of the Crimean Conference:
.
The Defeat of Germany
We have considered and determined the military plans of the three Allied
powers for the final defeat of the commOn enemy. The military staffs of the
three Allied nations have met in daily meetings throughout the Conference.
These meetings have been most satisfactory from every point of view and have
resulted in closer coordination of the military effort of the three_Allies_than- - -
_ _.. _~velJ)dore._The fullest-information-has-Deen infeiChanged. The timing, scope
and coordination of new and even more powerful blows to be launched by our
armies and air forces into the heart of Germany from the East, West, North
and South have been fully agreed and planned in detail.
Our combined military plans will be made known only as we execute them,
but we believe that the very close working partnership among the three staffs
attained at this Conference will result in shortening the War. Meetings of the
three staffs will be continued in the future whenever the need arises.
Nazi Germany is doomed. The German people will only make the cost of
their defeat heavier to themselves by attempting to continue a hopeless
resistance.
The Occupation and Control of Germany
We have agreed On common policies and plans for enforcing the uncondi
tional surrender terms which we shall impose together on Nazi Germany after
German armed resistance has been finally crushed. These terms will not be
made known until the final defeat of Germany has been accomplished. Under
the agreed plan, the forces of the three powers will each occupy a separate zone
of Germany. Coordinated administration and control has been provided for
under the plan through a central conttol commission consisting of the Supreme
Commanders of the three powers with headquarters in Berlin. It has been agreed
that France should be invited by the three powers, if she should so desire, to
take over a zone of occupation, and to participate as a fourth member of the
control commission. The limits of the French zone will be agreed by the four
governments concerned through their representatives on the European Advisory
Commission.
It is our inflexible purpose to destroy German militarism and Nazism and to
ensure that Germany will never again be able to disturb the peace of the world.
We are determined to disarm and disband all German armed forces; break up
'Department of State, Bulletin, XII (1945), pp. 2B-216.
APPENDIX
155
for all time the German General Staff that has repeatedly contrived the re
surgence of German militarism; remove or destroy all German military equip
ment; eliminate or control all German industry that could be used for military
production; bring all war criminals to just and swift punishment and exact
reparation in kind for the destruction wrought by the Germans; wipe out the
Nazi Party, Nazi laws, organizations and institutions, remove all Nazi and
militarist influences from public office and from the cultural and economic life
of the German people; and take in harmony such ot1;ler measures in Germany
as may be necessary to the future peace and safety of the world. It is not our
purpose to destroy the people of Germany, but only. when Nazism and mili
tarism have been extirpated will there be hope for a decent life for Germans,
and a place for them in the comity of nations.
Reparation by Germany
We have considered the question of the damage c~used by Germany to the
Allied nations in this war and recognized it as just that Germany be obliged
to make compensation for this damage in kind to the greatest extent possible.
A commission for the compensation of damage will be established. The com
mission will be instructed to consider. the question of the extent and methods
for compensating damage caused by Germany to the Allied countries. The
commission will work jn..Moscow... -_ .•!...~. - - _... -'~
Declaration on Liberated Europe
The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom, and the President of the United States of America
have consulted with each other in the common interests of the peoples of their
countries and those of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their mutual
agreement to concert during the temporary period of instability in liberated
Europe the policies of their three governments in assisting the peoples liberated
from the domination of Nazi Germany and the peoples of the former Axis
satellite states of Europe to solve by democratic means their pressing political
and economic. problems.
,
The establishment of order in Europe and the rebuilding of national economic
life must be achieved by processes which will enable the liberated peoples to
destroy the last vestiges of Nazism and Fascism and to create democratic institu
tions of their own choice. This is a principle of the Atlantic Charter-the right
of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live
the restoration of sovereign rights and self-government to those peoples who
have been forcibly deprived of them by the aggressor nations.
To foster the conditions in which the liberated peoples may exercise these
rights, the three governments will jointly assist the people in any European
liberated state or former Axis satellite state in Europe where in their judgment
conditions require (A) to establish conditions of internal peace; (B) to carry
out emergency measures for the relief of distressed peoples; (C) to form
interim governmental authorities broadly representative of all democratic ele
ments in the population and pledged to the earliest possible establishment
through free elections of governments responsive to the will of the people; and
(D) to facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections.
.
The three governments will consult the other United Nations and pro·
;Here follows in the original a. section dealing with the Dumbarton Oaks Conference
and the calling of the United Nations Conference at San Francisco.
�.. ...... ....
/
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156
APPENDIX
··:.:MERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
visional authorities or other governments in Europe when matters of direct
.
interest to them are under consideration.
When, in the opinion of the three governments, conditions in any European
liberated state or any former Axis satellite state in Europe make such action
necessary, they will immediately consult together on the m~asures necessary to
discharge the joint responsibilities set forth in this. declaration.
.
By this declaration we reaffirm our faith in the princi.ples of the Atlantic
Clarter, our pledge in the declaration by the United Nations, and our deter
mination to build in cooperation with other peace-loving nations world order
under law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all
mankind.
In issuing this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the Pro
visional Government of the French Republic may be associated with them in
the procedure suggested.
Poland
A new situation has b4;en created in Poland as a result of her complete libera
tion by the Red Army. This calls for the establishment of·a Polish provisional
government which can be more broadly based than was possible before the
recent liberation of Western Poland. The provisional government which is
now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganized on a broader demo
cratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from_ PolancLitselL and __
from_Poles abroad.-This-new-government-shOu1a-tlien be called the Polish
Provisional Government of National Unity.
Mr. Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. aark Kerr are authorized as a com
mission to consult in the .first instance in Moscow with members of the present
provisional government and with other Polish democratic leaders from within
Poland and from abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present gov
ernment along the above lines. This Polish Provisional Government of Na
tional Unity shall be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections
as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage and secret ballot. In these
elections all democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall have the right to take part
.
and to put forward candidates.
When a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity has been properly
formed in conformity with the above, the government of the USSR, which
now maintains diplomatic relations with the present provisional government of
Poland, and the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the
U.S.A. will establish diplomatic relations with the new Polish Provisional
Government of National Unity, and will exchange ambassadors by whose re
ports the respective governments will be kept informed about the situation in
Poland.
The three heads of government consider that the Eastem frontier of Poland
should follow the Curzon line with digressions from it in some regions of five
to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must receive
substantial accessions of territory in the North and West. They feel that the
opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should
be sought in due course on the extent of these accessions and that the final
delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should thereafter await the
peace conference. . . . .8
'The final sections of the Report dealt with Yugoslavia, the meeting of foreign ministers
to be held in future. and the maintenance of unity among the Allies beyond the War.
117
VIII
DIRECrIVE TO COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF UNITED STATES
FORCES OF OCCUPATION REGARDING MILITARY
GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY
April 28, 19451
~
;
It is considered appropriate, at the time of the release to the American public
of the following directive setting forth United States policy with reference to
the military government of Germany, to preface the directive with a short state
ment of the circumstances surrounding the issuance of the directive to General
Eisenhower.
The directive was issued originally in April, 1945, and was intended to serve
two purposes. It was to guide General Eisenhower in the military government
of that portion of Germany occupied by United States forces. At the same
time he was directed to urge the Control Council to adopt these policies for
enforcement throughout Germany.
Before this directive was discussed in the Control Council, President Truman,
Prime Minister Attlee, and Generalissimo Stalin met at Potsdam and issued a
communique setting forth agreed policies for the control of Germany. This_.
_<:onuIl!ll!ique_was_made-publicon.. 2-August-1945;-The·directive;-therefore;- .
should be read in the light of the policies enumerated at Potsdam. In par
ticular, its provisions regarding disarmament, economic and financial matters,
and reparations should be read together with the similar provisions set out
in the Potsdam Agreement on the treatment of Germany in the initial control
period and in the agreement on reparations contained in the Potsdam com
munique. Many of the policy statements contained in the directive have been
in substance adopted by the Potsdam Agreement. Some policy statements in
the Potsdam Agreement differ from the policy statements on the same subjects
in the directive. In such cases, the policies of the Potsdam Agreement are con
trolling. Where the Potsdam Agreement is silent on matters of policy dealt
with in the directive, the latter continues to. guide General Eisenhower in his
administration of the United States zone in Germany.
.
DIRECTIVE TO COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF UNITED STATES FORCES OF
OCCUPATION REGARDING TIlE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY
1. The Purpose and Scope of this Directive:
This directive is issued to you as Commanding General of the United States
Forces of Occupation in Germany. As such you will serve as United States
member of the Control Council and will also be responsible for the administra
tion of military government in the zone or zones assigned to the United States
for purposes of occupation and administration. It outlines the basic policies
.which will guide you in those two capacities after the termination of the com
bined command of the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force.
This directive sets forth policies relating to Germany in the initial post-defeat
period. As such it is not intended to be an ultimate statement of policies of
this Government concerning the treatment of Germany in the postwar world.
'The document, known as JCS·I067, was sent by ·the Joint Chiefs of Staff to General
Eisenhower on April 28, 194~. The Department of State released it to the press on
October 17 adding the introductory statement. Department of State, Blllie/ift, Vol. XlII
(194~). pp. ~96·607.
�t;3,
~S.U1
I Cf
.~
q.,
Appendix 3
Contracting Powers, and then only if all the belligerents are parties
to the Coiwention.
I
CONVENTION RESPECTING THE LAWS 'AND 'CUSTOMS
OF WAR ON LAND·
I
Also known as the "Hague Convention of 1907" \
(Preamble; Convention; Annex, Section 2, Chapter I:
I
Articles 27-28, and Section 3: Articles 46-47.53,55-56)
Signed at The Hague, October 18. 1907; en/I')' into force, \
January 26. 1910
i
(List of Contracting Parties)
Seeing that. while seeking means to preserve peace and prevent
armcd conAicts between nations. it is likewise necessary td bear in
mind the case where the appeal to arms has been brought ~bout by
events which their care was unable to avert;
\
Animated by the desire to serve, even in this extreme case, the
interests of humanity and the ever progressive needs of civi'lization;
Thinking it important. with this object, to revise the ge~erallaws
and customs of war, either with a view to defining them with greater
precision or to confining them within such limits as would initigate
their severity as far as possible;
I
Have deemed it necessary to complete and explain in cJrtain
particulars the work of the First Peace Conference, which, following
on the Brussels Conference of 1874, and inspired by the idJas
dictated by a wise and generous forethought. adopted provisions
intended to define and govern the usages of war on land. I .
According to the views of the High Contracting Parties, 'these
provisions. the wording of which has been inspired by the dJsire to
diminish the evils of war. as far as military requirements perinit, are
intended to serve as a general rule of conduct for the bellige}ents
in their mutual relations and in their relations with the inha~itants.
. It has not, however, been found.possible at present to co\,cert
regulations covering all the circumstances which arise in prattice;
On the other hand. the High Contracting Parties clearly do not
intend that unforeseen cases should, in the absence of a writ'ten
undertaking, be left to the arbitrary judgment of military com~anders.
Until a more complete code bf the.laws of war has been issued,
the High Contracting Parties deem it expedient to declare th~t. in
cases not included in the Regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants
and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rul~ of
the principles of the law of nations. as they result from the u~,ages
established among civilized peoples. from the laws of humanity, and.
the dictates of the public conscience. .
They declare that it is in this sense especially that Article~ I and 2
of the Regulations adopted must be understood.
I
The High Contracting Parties. wishing to conclude a fresh Conven
tion to this effect, have appointed the follOwing as their Plenipotentiaries:
i
(Here follow the names of Plenipotentiaries)
.
I
\
(
Article 3
A belligerent party which violatcs the provisions of the said Regula
tions shall. if the case demands, be lial>le to pay compensation. It .
shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons forming part
of its armed forces.
.
Article 4
The present Convention, duly ratified, shall as between the Contracting
.Powers, be substituted for the Convention of the 29th July. 1899,
respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land.
The Convcntion of 1899 remains in force as bctween the Powers'
which signed it. and which do not also ratify the present Convcntion,
Anicle 5
The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possil>le.
The ratifications shall be dcposited at Thc Hague.
The first deposit of ratifications shall be rccorded in a proces-l'erbal
signed by the Representatives of thc Powers which takc part thercin
and by the Netherland Minister for Foreign Affairs.
The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means
of a written notification. addressed to the Netherland Govcrnment
and accompanied by the instrumcnt of ratification.
A duly certified copy of the proces-verbal relative to the first depo~it
. of ratifications. of the notifications mcntioned in the preccding para
graph. as well as of the instrumcnts of ratification. shall be immediately
sent by the Netherland Govcrnmcnt. through the diplomatiC channel.
to the Powers invited to thc Sccond Pcace Conferencc. as wcll as to
the other Powers which have adhered to the Convention. In the cases
contemplated in the preceding parilgraph the said Govcrnment shall
at the same time inform them of the date on which it received the
notification.
.
Ankle 6
Non~Signatory
Powers may adhere to the present Convention.
The Power which desires to adhere notifies in writing its intention
to the Netherland Government. forwarding to it the act of adhesion,
which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government.
This Government shall at once transmit to all the other Powers a
duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of adhesion,
mentioning the date on which it received the notification.
Anick 7
The present Convention shall come into force, in the case of the
Powers which were a party to the first deposit of ratifications. sixty
days after the date of the proces-verbal of this deposit, and. in the case
of the Powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere, sixty days
after the notification of their ratification or of their adhesion has been
teceived by the Netherland Government.
Anick 8
Who, after having deposited their full powers, found in good and due
form, have agreed upon the following:
.'
!
Article 1
UY1 V'tA.hm Ifb 170"
. . CeKcerpt5 tYltv,)
178 • APPENDICES
\
The Contracting Powers shall issue instructions to their armed1land
forces which shall be in conformity with the Regulations respefting
the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to the presen~
Convention.
I
Artkk2
I
The provisions contained in the Regulations referred to in Article I,
as well as in the present Convention. do not apply except between
\
In the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to denounce .
the present Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing
to the Netherland Government, which shall at once communicate a
duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers. informing
them of the date on which it was received,
The denunciation shall only.have effect in regard to the notifying
Power, and one year after the notification has reached the Netherland
Government.
Article 9
A register kept by the Netherland Ministry for Foreign Affairs shall
give the date of the deposit of ratifications made in virtue of Article 5,
paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the notifications of
�APPENDICES· 279
adhesion (Article 6. paragraph 2) or of denunciation (Article 8,
paragraph 1) were received.
Each Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register
and to be supplied with duly certined extracts.
Article 47
Pillage is formally forbidden,
Article 53
An army of occupation can only take possession of cash, funds, and
realizable securities which are strictly the property of the State,
depots of arms, means of transport, stores and supplies. and,
generally, all movable property belonging to the State which may be
used for military operations.
All appliances, whether on land, at sea, or in tile air, adapted for
the transmission of news, or for the transport of persons or things,
exclusive of eases governed by naval law, depots of arms, and,
generally, all kinds of ammunition of war, may be seized. even if they
belong to private individuals. Qut must be restored and compensation
fixed when peace is made.
In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures
I
to the pr~sent Convention,
Done at fhe Hague. the 18th October. 1907, in a single copy; which
shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherland Gove:rnment.
and duly certified copies of which shall be sent. through the diplomatic
channel, to the Powers which have been invited [0 the Second Peace
Conference.
[The following states signed the convention October 18, 1907:]
Argentina
Austria·Hungary (Res.) I
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Colombia
Republic of Cuba
Denmark
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador
EI Salvador
France
Germany (Res.)
Great Britain
Greece
Guatemala
Haiti
Italy
Japan (Res,)
Article 55
The occupying State shall be regarded only as administrator and
usufructuary of public bUildings, real estate, forests, and agricultural
estates belonging to the hostile State, and situated in the occupied
country. [t must safeguard the capital of these properties, and
administer them in accordance with the rules of usufruct.
Luxembourg'
Mexico
Montenegro (Res,)
The Netherlands
Norway
Panama
Paraguav
Persia
Peru
Portugal
Romania
Russia (Res,)
Serbia
Siam
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkel' (Res,)
Unite~1 States of America
Urugu,!\'
Venezuela
Article 56
The property of municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion,
charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property,
shall be treated as private property.
, All seizure of, destruction or wilful damage done to institutions of
this character, historic monuments, works of art and science, is for
bidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings,
• Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Lund,
Oct. 18, 1907. 36 Stat. 2277; I Bevans 631.
I, "Res," refers to states that signed under reservations,
ANNEX TO THE CONVENTION
REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF
WAR ON LAND
Section 2. Hostilities
Chapter I. Means of Injuring the Enemy, Sieges, and
Bombardments
Arlide 27
In sieges and bombardments all necessary steps must b,e taken ito
spare, as far as possible. bUildings dedicated to reJigion. art, sci~nce,
or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals, and plaJes
where the sick and wounded arc collected. provided they arc not being
lIsed at the time fo~ military purposes.
I
It IS the duty of the besieged to indicate the presence of such
buildings or places by distinctive and I'isible signs, which shall
be notified to the enemy beforehand.
:\rticle 2 R
The pillage of a town or place, even when taken by assault, is pro~ibited,
Section 3. Military Authority over the Territory of the Hostile, State
,
(
:"
J
I
i;t\rtide 46
!
,:'Family honour and rights, the lives of persons, and private property.
as lI'ell as religious convictions and practice .. must be respected~
Private property cannot be confiscated,
'
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I·
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�..'<--"
448
Acre
OREIGN RELATIONS, 1943, VOLUME I
change could be made. It was accordingly decided that only the text
of the declaration should be released here and that no publication
should be made by this Government of the note.
Please advise the appropriate official of the Foreign Office in the
sense, of the foregoing,' explaining' that this Government naturally
<loes not consider itself bound by the interpretative note. While we
,assume the language referred to was the result merely of inadvertence,
we wish to be sure that, there be no misunderstanding as to this
,Government's position.
HULL
740.00113 Europeaa War 1989/784 : Telegram
March 12, 1943-2 p.m.
[Recei~ed March 12-1 p. m.]
1760. Department's 860, Februa.ry 8, 9 p. m. The a.pproprja.te offi
cial-oHne Foreign Office (Wa,rdpe has been informed of the substa.nce
of the above telegram a.nd it was made clear that the United States
Government does not consider itself bound by the expla.natory memo
randum for the guidance of press a.nd ra.dio on the decla.ra.tion on
property tra.nsfers in enemj-domina.ted countries.
In informa.l conversation he explained that the change in paragraph
5 of the explanatory memorandum on the declaration on tra.nsfers of
property in enemy-dominated territories was made to avoid giving
the impression that the French National Committee were recognized
as a government. He emphasized that the operative instrument in
relation to commitments for the parties concerned is the decla.ration
itself.and not the expla.natory memorandum. The status of the latter
is only that of a communique to the press a.nd public.
The Foreign Office official said that the reference in paragmph 5
of the expla.natory memorandum to the parties being "mutually
pledged to assist one another as may be required" arose out of the last
paragraph of the decla.ration itself. The origin of that paragraph
was explained in section (1) of Embassy's 5422, September 29,20 in
the paragraph immediately following the text of the declaration.
While expressing regret that anything in the explanatory memo
randum may have created embarrassment for, the Department, the
Foreign Office offi~ial expressed confidence, that difficulties, would' not
be likely to arise' in practice, since it, may be hoped that when the
LoNDON,
10
time comes after victory to implement the declaration there will be
a recognized government of France.
r:
MATl'HEW8
740.0011<3 Europeaa War 1939/1006
Inter-Allied DeclaratiO'1'/" Against Acta of Dispossession 001nnnitted
in Territories Under Enemy Occupation or Oontrol: Interim Report
of Inter-Allied SUb-Oommittee of E(cperta 31
[Extract]
PART IL--SUlIDtARY OF THE LEGISLATION OF EACH CoUNTRY
The Oharge in the Umted Kingdom (Matthews) to the
, Secretary of State
-
OF·D~~'~)
John G. Ward. Actf'ng First Secretary. British Foreign Office.
"
"Foreign Relations, 1942, vol. t, p. 77.
THE UNlTEl) STATES OF A.l'd:EIUCA
1. By Section 5(0) of its Tra.ding with the Enemy Act as
amended 32-..;.
- Power is conferred on the PresideIlt~ of tillLUnited_States -during
- -time-of wa-r Ornationil emergency to investigate, regulate, direct a.nd
compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit any transfer or dealing
which involves any property in which any foreign country or national
thereof has an interest; he may exercise these powers with respect to
any transfer or dealing wherever effected, which involves any prop
erty or any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
The President is empowered to vest any property or interest of a.ny
foreign national or country. Authority is conferred upon the Presi
dent to define all of the terms employed in said section.
These powers of the President have been made available by dele
gation to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Alien Property
Custodian.
2. General Ruling No. 12, issued by the United States Treasury
Departtnent 23 under the authority of the said Act, provides that,
except as licensed by the Treasury-
Any transfer, effected after freezing control was extended to a
country, of property in a "blocked account" of that country or of any
na~ional thereof, is null and void.
The word "transfer" includes, with certain exceptions, any acts or
transactions effected outside as well as in the United States which
may conveyor surrender any right or power with· respect to prop
1:\ Copy transmitted to the Department by the Ambassador In the United King
dom In bls despatcb No. 1()4()1. July 29; recelTed August 5.
.. Act ot October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 415) as amended by Title III ot the First
War Powers Act, 1941 ; 55 Stat. 838.
.. Treasury Department, DOCument, Pertaining 10 Foreillfl Fund8 Control,
March 39. 1044., p. 36.
'
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�:450
·- OREIGN
,,,,~:.,<
RELATIONS, 1943, VOLUME I
4i;;"" .
ACTS OF· DISPOSSESSION
erty. The expression "property" in General Ruling No. 12 includes,
in general, money, bullion, securities, financia.1 instruments, book
debts and written contracts, but not as a rule real property or chattels.
The exclusion in general of real property or chattels does not neces
sarily mean that the United States Government considers such trans
fers to be valid; such exclusion merely means that no formal state
ment. with respect to the invalidity of such transfer has l>eenissued.
3. Pursuant to powerS contained in the said Act, freezing control
is applied mainly under Executive Order 8389 as amended 2' and
regulations issued thereunder. The freezing orders, in.'general, pro
hibit the following transactions if they involye any "blocked" cOlmtry
or n~tional thereof or any property in which any "blocked" country
or national thereof has an interest or any payment' or transfer ex
pressed in terms of the 'currency of such country: all transfers of
credit, or payments involving banking institutions within the United
States; all foreign exchange transactions; all dealings in securities
(including securities physically situated outside the United States) ;
all exports from the United States or earmarking within the United
States of gold or silver, coin, bullion,~_c.urrency._The term.ilbank---
--ing-institution"-is so 'broadly defined as to include anyone holding
a credit for another as a direct or incidental part of his business.
Any transaction prohibited by the freezing orders may be licensed
by the Treasury.
.
The following are "blocked" countries:
Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France
(including Monaco), Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Roumania, Bul
garia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, Andorra, Austria,
China, Czechos1ovakiat...Danzig, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy,
Japan, Liechtenstein, .t'oland, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, U.S.S.R.,
and nny area which has been under the occupation or control of any
of 'the foregoing countries at any time after such occupying or con
trolling country has been blocked.
'
The U.S.S.R. and the four European neutral countries (Portugal,
Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) have each been granted general
licence under the freezing orders. The general licence granted to the
U.S.S.R. effectively unblocks that country and its nationals, but does
not validate any acts effected under Axis occupation.
Persons whose names are on the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked
Nationals are treated as enemy nationals for the purposes of the
,freezing orders for such time as their names appear on such List.
a
"For text of Executive Order No. 8389 (3 CFR 128 (Supp. 1940)) as amended
by Executive Order No. 8785 (3 CFR 225 (Supp. 1941)), with amendments
efl'ected after June 14, 1941, indicated by footnotes,see Documents Pertaining
to Foreign Fund.8 Oontrol, March 30, 1944, pp, 5-10.
.'
.
. 4. Control over securities has been established under other pro
hibitory measures issued by the United States Treasury. Any secu
rities or currency imported intO the United States must be reported
to and deposited with specified Government agencies. It is illegal
to receive or hold any such currency or securities without specific
.
authorisation of the Treasury.
Further, no security to which a tax or other 'stamp or notarial seal
of a foreign country has been attached may be dealt with in the United
States unless a certificate has been attached to the security by the
authority of the United States Treasury.
.
No transfer or dealing with respect to any security registered or
inscribed in the name of a blocked country or national thereof may be
effected without a licence from the Treasury.
To prevent looting, special measures have been taken to prohibit
dealing in any Philippine currency or securities.
~: ;
5. The Alien Property Custodian is empowered to take such action
as he deems necessary in the national interest with respect to business
enterprises, patents, ships, or vessels and certaitLother _property-in -----,--
--the-United States wheresucli property is affected with the interest of
a foreign or enemy national. The Custodian has (inter alia) power
to direct, manage, supervise, cont:rol or vest any such property.
6. General legal principles in the United States would suggest that,
if transfers and dealings referred to in the Inter-Allied Declaration·
were wilfuliy contrary to the prohibitory regulations discussed herein,
they would be determined by the courts to be invalid, and, in any event,
the Executive Branch of the United States Government could legally
invalidate such transfers and dealings. It is to be noted that under
Section 3(a) of the said Act and General Ruling No. 11 25 all trans
actions involving trade or communication with an enemy national are
prohibited unless licensed.
140.06113 European War 1939/1102: Telegram
The Amba8sador in the United Kingdom (Winant) to the Secretary
of State
LoNDON, October 8, 1943-8 p. m.
[Received October 9-12: 50 p. m.]
6833. An indication of the attitude of the Soviet [Union] towards
Poland was given here on October 7 at a meeting of the Subcommittee
on Axis Acts of Dispossession. This subcommittee was appointed
imme~iately after the signing on January 5, 1943 of the Inter-Allied
• Documents Pertaining to Foreion Funds Oontrnl.
MR'N'h !l(l 10<1<1 "
l'A
�Iq
q ':1 -7\
-~--
'-I
UP
.. ----- ----- -----.~--Appendix 9
Appendix 10
\
I
INTER·ALLIED DECLARATION AGAINST ACTS
OF DISPOSSESSION COMMITTED liN TERRITORIES
UNDER ENEMY OCCUPATION OR ICONTROL*
UNESCO CONVENTION AND PROTOCOL FO'
THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERT
EVENT OF ARMED CONFLICT*
Also known as the "Declaration of London"
Also known as the "Hague Convention and Protoc.
)1I111!ary :;, J 9-13
DOlle
.
I
The Governn1l'nls of the Union o(South Africa: the United States
of America: Australia: B~lgium: Canada: Chikl: the Czechoslovak
Repulilic: the United Kingdom of Great Britilin and Northern Irehllld:
Greece: India: Lu~embllrg: the ;'!etherinnds:i New Zealand: Norway:
Poland: the Cninn of Soviet Socialist Republics: Yugoslavia: and the
French Nalional Committee:
Herebv isslle ;, lormal wilrning 10 all concerned, and in particular
to persons' in n~utral countries, th~t thev inte',nd to do their utmost to
defeat the methods of dispossession practiseq by the Governments
with which thel' arc:.It \\':.Ir agLlinst the countries and peoples who
.
I
have been so lIantonll' L1ssaulted and despoiled.
I\ccordingk the GOl'ernments making thi~ Declaration and !he
French Nation;ll Committee reserl'e all their fights to declare invalid
ilny tral'lsfers of. or dealings lI'ith, property, rights and interests of
anI' description II-il;nsoel'er which are, or hal'J been, situated in the'
te;ritories 1\ hich hm'e come under the occupation or control, direct
or indirect. of the COI'ernments lI'ith which thlev are at war, or which
belong, or hall~ belonged. to persons (includin~'juridical persons)
resident in such territories. This lIarning applics whether such
transfers or dealings han: taken the form of op:en looting or plunder,
or or transactions apparentlv legal in form. even when they purport
to be \'oluntarih' l'ITcctecl"
.
The Gm'crnn1l'l1ts making this Dcclarmiolli and the French
:\:"tional Com mittel' :;uk-mnk record their ,oliUarity in this matter.
feet
v
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I
• IlHc'r·:\liil'd Ikd"r"llOI1 ;\g,linsl :kls "I' Dispossl'ssion Committed in
'!"rritmil's L nell'!' Enc'I11\' ()ccupa\ion or COlltrol. H Du''!' ST. ilCLL 21
I I 'H.;),
.
I
at TIle
Htlglle,
ivlay 1-1, 195-1; CHtn- iJ1({).t'm'L',
,\//::11'
The High Contracting Panies,
Recognizing that cultural property has sufrernl ),!f.tI ,.
during recent armed conflicts and that, bv reason of th .. Ii. '
in the technique of Warfare, it is in incre;sing dalll,:l'f "I'd
Being convinced that damage to cultural proper!1 I"'i,
any people whatsoever means damage to the l'uitlll'allH'I'I
mankind, since each people makes its contributioll t .. I h"
of the world:
Considering that the preservation of the cuhlll';" !.VI'II
great importance for all peoples of the 1I'0rid ami I h;iI il "
that this heritage should receive international proll'," ;0",
Guided by the principles concerning the protl'c'l io" "I
property during armed conflict. as established in till' ( ',,11\
The Hague of 1899 and of 1907 and in thc \\'",hingl"'l I',
April, 1935:
Being of the opinion that such protection callnol J", ..I
unless both national and international measures 11:1\'" 1"'c'l
organize it in time of peace:
Being determined to take all possible sleps '" I'roln'l ,
property:
Have agreed upon the following pro\'isiol1s:
Chapter I, General provisions regarding protection
Article I, Defmititm of cllItllral propL'rt)'
For the purposes of the present Convention. Ihe Il'rlll ", "I!
property" shall cover, irrespective of origin or O\\'I1t'fshil':
(a) movable or immovable property of great importalll'<' 1'1 I
heritage of every people, such as monuments or ;Ift,hi",
art or history, \\'hether religious or secular: arch,"'olo\!i,.
groups of buildings which, as whole, arc of hisloril ,Ii,
interest: works of art: manuscripts, books and "t\1l'r "h"
artistic, historical or archaeological interest:
\\'l,1I ," ~
collections and important collections of books or ;lr,.hi"
reproductions of t he property defined ubol'c:
(b) buildings whose main and effective purpose is 10 I'rl"tl
exhibit the movable cultural property defined in Sld)'P:II'
such as museums, large libraries and depositories ,,!, "Ic ;
refuges intended to shelter, in the event of armed c'",lIl"
movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph ,I
(cl centres containing a large amount of culturalllfop"rI' ,"
in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b). to be knoll'n as "lTntr", I '
monuments,
,I
as
Article 2. Protectiol1 of clIltural propert),
For the purposes of the present Convention, the proleclll'll:
propertv shall comprise the safeguarding 01 and rl'speCI I"r 'li, I
(
Article ~, Safe~lI(/rdillf: (if cultuml propertr
.'
The High Contracting Parties undertake to prepare Inllj],~t'"
for the safeguarding of cultural propertv situatcd \I'l1hlll tlhl!
terri ton' against the r()rc~ee<lble effects of an armed c""III,!,
such measures as they consider appropriate,
�..
,___
IJ/'9
«V
~
i02··
A DECADE
A-
~ 00 ~)cCU\ ~~Cu~-~·~MIU ~
~ tc- O~~./ lql[1 t.fCf ~...
~
O~MERICAN
o..r
!'-e-e1u..t<- t- d6 fu
FOREIGN 'POLICY, 1941-49
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~fiI.e..e. .CJ.,/\.JJ..- tu...
R:rf>lrrh l2£(o.i)C1'lS
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04
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ICflf3'l
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'A-xeCADE M AMERICAN ,OREIGN POLICY, 1941-49
503
Do c.LU~ Ilt>· 12-3 I 31.r. Unfj / 1.. ~J: s:t:S>'" rp. So:2. .
3. Partttum'tng oj New Germany
The remaining portion of Germany should be divided into two
autonomous, independent states, (1) a South German state comprising
Bavaria, Wuerttembergl Baden and some smaller ·areas and (2) a
North German state comprising a large part of the old state of Prussia,
Saxony, Thuringia and several smaller states. '
. There shall be a custom union between the new South German
state and Austria, which will be r-estored to her pre-1938 political
borders..
. .
4. The Ruhr Area
.. (The Ruhr, surrounding mdustrial areas, as. shown on the map,
including the Rhineland, the Keil Canal, and all German territory
north of theKeil Canal.)
Here lies the heart of German industrial power. This area should
. not only be stripped of all presently existing industries but so weakened
and controlled that it cannot in the foreseeable future become an
industrial area.. The following steps will accomplish this:
(a) Within a short period, if possible not longer than 6 months
after the cessation oJ hos~!l~ties, all ~ndustriaLplantsand-equi'p-----~'
-----ment .not~destroyed oy iiiilltary action shall be completely dis
mantled and transported to Allied Nations as restitution. All
equipment shall be removed from the mines and the mines closed.
(b) The area should be made an international zone to be
governed by an ~ternati?nal security org!IDization to be ~stab
lished by the Umted NatIOns. In ~overnmg the area the mter
national organization should be gUlded by policies designed to
further the above stated objective.
5. Restitution and ~eparation
Reparations, in the form of future payments and deliveries; should
not be demanded. Restitution and reparation shall be effected by the
I
transfer of existinl! German resources and territories, e. g.,
!
(a) by restItution of property looted by the Germans in terri
j
tories occupied by them;
(b) by transfer of German territory and German private rights
in industrial property situated in such territory to invaded
countries and the international organization under the program
of partition;
.
(c) by the removal and distribution amon~ devastated coun
tries of industrial plants and equipment sItuated within the
International Zone and the North and South German states
- delimited in the section on partition;
- (d) by forced German labor outside Germany; and
(e) by confiscation of all German assets of any character
whatsoever outside of Germany.
6. Education and Propaganda·
(a) All schools and universities will be closed until an Allied Com
mission of Education has formulated an effective reorganization pro
gram. It is contemplated that it may require a considerable period of
time before any institutions of higher education are reopened. Mean
while the education of German students in foreign universitips will not
r -_ _ _ _ _ _ _-..--~----:..--J !3:iulo..J-e..
GERMANY 1
6 DECLARATION OF WAR WITH GERMANY, DECEMBER 11,
.
1941
-;OINT RESOLUTION Declaring That a State of War Exists
Between the Government of Germany and the Government
and the People of the United States and Making Provision
to Prosecute the Same 2
Whereas the Gov'einment of Germany has formally declared war
gainst the Government and the people of the United States of
meriea: Therefore be it.
Re80lved by the Senate and House oj Representatives oj the United
~ates of America in Oongressassembled, That the state of war between
lle United States and the Government of Germany which has thus
een thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and
be President is hereby authorized and directed to·employ the entire
aval and military forces of the United States and the resources of
lle Government to carryon war against the Government of Germany;
-nd, to.bring-the-conflict-toa successful- ·termination,~all· of there
·)urees of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the
rnited States.
.
Approved, December 11, 1941,3:05 p. m., E. S. T.
87. THE MORGENTHAU PLAN, 1943
'rogram To Prevent Germany From Starting a World War ill a
i
!
t
. Demilitarization oj Germany
It should be the aim of the Allied Forces to accomplish the complete
emilitarization of Germany in the shortest possible period of time
ftar surrender. This means completely disarming the German Army
nd people (including the removal or destruction of all war material).
le total destruction of the whole German armament industry, and
. le removal or destruction of other key industries which are basic
) military strength.
. New Boundaries of Germany
(a) Poland should get that part of East Prussia which doesn't go
) the U. S. S. R. and the southern portion of SHesia.
(b) France should get the Saar and the adjacent territories bounded
'I the Rhine and the Moselle Rivers.
(c) As indicated in 4 below an International Zone should be created
mtaining the Ruhr and the surrounding industrial areas.
, Documents OD the problems of wBr criminals, dlsma.ntllng Bnd reparations wUl be found In Part VIII,
Jow.
II 65 B!.at. 196.
This memorandum was printed as tho first few PIl!(es of Henry Morgenthall. Ir., GermanI/ 18 Our ?rOO
m, Harper and Brothers publishers. New York a.nd London, 1945. Altbough It was !.aken to Quebec by
resident Roosevelt and Mr. Morgentbau In August }943 nnd there provisionally approved by President
... ,...'ZI' .......
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'P,...'""",,,, 'M'tnlc::tI'T Chnrl'hH1. tt n(lV(lr wa~ adontfi'd I\R the nollcy of the ~ni~~ Stato:s n~r W.BS
�__ PC£ _ .
r"
·~-.
504
A DECADE OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1941-49
A DECADE OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1941-49
(b) All German radio stations and newspapers, magazines, weeklies,
etc. shall be discontinued until adequate controls are established and
an appropriate program formulated.
7. Politicall)ecentralization
The military administration in Germany in the initial period should
be carried out with a view toward the eventual partitioning of Ger
many. To facilitate partitioning and to assure its permanence the
military authorities should be guided by the following principles:
(a) Dismiss all policy-making officials of the Reich government
and deal primarily with local governments.
(b) Encourage the reestablishment of state governments in
each of the states (Lander) corresponding to 18 states into which
Germany is presently divided and in addition make thePrussian
provinces separate states.
(c) Upon the partition of Germany, the various state govern
ments should be encouraged to orgamze a federal government for
each of the newly partitioned areas. Such new governments
should be in the form of a confederation of states; wlth emphasis
on states' rights and a large degree of local autonomy.
(h) No rnilit.nr<r T'l11,.nrlr"" "hnll hI> n(>"'miH(>rl "nvwh",.p in n""'m(lTHr
505
13. Aircraft
All aircraft (including gliders), whether military or commercial,
will be confiscated for later disposition. No German shall be per
mitted to operate or to help. operate any aircraft, including those
owned by foreign interests.
14. United States Responsibility
Although the United States would hav:e full military and civilian
r~presentation on whatever international commission or commissions
may be established for the execution of the whole German program'
the primary responsibility for the policing of Germany and for civil
. dministration in Germany should be assumed by the military forces
a
of Germany's continental neighbors. Specifically, these should in
clude RUSSIan, French, Polish, Czech, Greek, Yugoslav, Norwegian,
Dutch, and Belgian soldiers.
.
Under this program United States troops could be withdrawn
within a relatively short time.
~.-Re8ponsibility·of·Military-for-Local-German-Economy---
The sole purpose of the military in control of the German economy
Ihall be to facilitate military operations and military occupation. The
!Ulied Military Government shall not assume responsibility for such
~conomic problems as price controls, rationing, unemployment, pro
iuction, reconstruction, distribution, cOhsumption,housing, or trans
)ortation, or take any nieaslires designed to maintain or strengthen
;he German economy, except those which are essential to military
,perations. The responsibility for sustaining the German economy
md.people rests with .the German people with such facilities as may be
ivallable under the Circumstances.
I. Oontrols over Development of German Economy
During a period of at least twenty years after surrender adequate
:ontrols, including controls over foreign trade and tight restrictions on
:apital imports, shall be maintained by the United Nations designed to
)revent in the newly-established states the establishment or expansion
of key industries basic to the German military potential and to control
,ther key industries.
O. Agrarian program
All large estates should be broken up and divided among the peasants
.nd the system of primogeniture and entail should be abolished.
1. Punishment of War Crimes and Treatment of Special Groups
A program for the punishment of certain war crimes and for the
reatment of Nazi organizations and other special groups is contained
0. section 11.
2. Uniforms and Parades
(a) No German shall be permitted to wear, after an appropriate
teriod of time following the ceSsation of hostilities, any military
Lniform or any uniform of any quasi military organizations.
.
'Co
~"
Ss.-SURRENDER BY GERMANY 1
Act of Military Surrender, May 8,1945
1. We the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High
Command, herei:>Y surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Com
mander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the Su
preme High Command of the Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and
in the air who are at this date under German control.
2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all
German military'Javal and air authorities and to all forces under
German control
cease active operations at 2301 hours Central
European time on 8th May 1945, 'to remain in the positions occupied
at that time and to disarm completely, handing Over their weapons and
equipment to the local allied commanders or officers desi~nated by
Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No shlp, vessel,
or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, ma
chinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament,
apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.
3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate
commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders lssued
by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the
Supreme High Command of the Red Army.
4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be
superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on
behalf of the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the
German armed forces as a whole.
5. In the event of the German Hi~h Command or any of the forces
under their control failing to act ill accordance with this Act of
Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and
I
Tbe Axis In Defeat. Departmonto(State publication 2123, pp. 21-25;also. DcpsrtmcntofStale publfcation
~ lexts of (a) Instrument of surrender of all German armed for~s in
Includmg• all Island •• And In f)pnm •• 1< '1o~ A '0", I~' ••• ' . .
2515, Executive Agreement Series W2.
HoI and, ~;"" .... "r' _. T'<.,!.
l:n .... "n'"" .... In nortbwest Germany
" ..
; .~
:.
�.... ...,,
~:"~","
134
(.sou..-r[€
~
I+c I bc(" t/
-- D--fY\
,qL/ 7)
-::-H)/
iiMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(j'(
three, ~overnn:ents are agreed that the following measures are important and
shoWQ be put IOtO effect:
1. It is essential that the Italian Government should be made more demo
cratic by the introduction of representatives of those sections of the Italian people
who have always opposed Fascism.
'
2. Freedom of speech,of religi,ous worship, of political belief of the press
and of public meeting shall be restored in full measure to the Italian people,
who shall also be entitled to form anti-Fascist political groups.
3. All institutions and organizations created by the Fascist regime shall be
suppressed.
'
4. All Fascist or pro-Fascist elements shall be removed from the administra
tion and from the institutions and organizations of a public character.
5. All political prisoners of the Fascist regime shall be released and accorded
a full amnesty.
,
6. Democratic organs of local government shall be created.
7. Fascist chiefs and other persons known or suspected to be war criminals
shall be arrested and handed over to justice. ,
In making this declaration the three Foreign Secretaries recognize that as long
as active military operations continue in Italy the time at which it is possible
to give full effect to the principles set out above will be determined by tlie
Commander-in-Chief On the basis of instructions req~iy.edthrough~the~Combined- -~
Chiefs~of-Staff;-'The-three-Governments parties to this declaration will at the
request of anyone of them consult on thiS matter.
It is further understood that nothing in this resolution is to operate against
the right of the Italian people ultimately to choose their own, form of govern
ment.
c. DEaARATION ON AUSTRIA
The Governments of the United Kingdom. the Soviet Union and the United
States of America are agreed that Austria, the nrst free country to fall a victim
to HitIerite aggression. shall be liberated from German domination.
They regard the annexation imposed upon Austria by Germany on March
1938. as null and void. They consider themselves as in no way bound by any
changes. effected in Aust~ia. since that date.. They declare that they wish to see
reestabhs~ed a free and lOdependent Austna, and tt:ereby.to open the ~ay f?r
the Austn~ P70l?le themselves, as well as th~s~ nelS:tborlOg s~ates w~l1ch ":'111
be faced With slmdar problems, to find that pohtlcal and economic seomty which
is the o~ly .basis ~or lasting peace.
. ..
.
Austna IS re.~lOd:d. ~owever, that she h~ a respo.nslb.ibty which she cannot
~vade for rartlclpahon 10 the w~ ?n t?e Side of HltIente Germany, a~d ~t
10 the fina settlement account Will 10evltably be taken of her own contnbutlon
to her liberation.
1'.
D DECLARATION ON GERMAN ATROCITIES
•
The. United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union have received
from many quarters evidence of atrocities massacres and cold-blooded mass
"
h'ch
b .
db'
'tI· f
.
execubons w I are emg·perpetrate y the HI ente orces 10 the many coun
tries they have overrun and from which they are now being steadily expelled.
The brutalities of HitIerite domination are no new thing and all the peoples
or territories in their grip have suffered from the worst form of government
·
,
"
.
by terror. , Wh at IS new IS th at many 0 f th ese territories are now bemg redeeme d
bIud
j) I f"'E..C h ~~ ,-/fr /1)...1.),,,( /?:J..-L.-l.;,y.-c',., j
~nlJ1W~
Ui'-, G\.f!.. r(nlL~
J.UA'"'(U~ r,
APPENDIXApr.
Pn (;(
~
.2.. t?') I 0; 't
,,'-ea..r
'f 135
by the advancing armies of the liberating Powers and that in their desperation,
the recoiling HitIerite Huns are redoubling their ruthless cruelties. This is now
evidenced with particular clearness by monstrous crimes of the HitIerites on the
territory of the Soviet Union, which is being liberated from the HitIerites, and
on French and Italian territory.
Accordingly, the aforesaid three Allied Powe~s, speaking in the. interests qf
the thirty-two (thirty-three) United Nations, hereby solemnly declare and give
full warning of their declaration as follows: '
At the time of the granting of any armistice to any government which may
be set up in Germany, those German officers and men and members of the Nazi
party who have been responsible for, or have taken a consenting part in the
above atrocities, massacres and executions, will be sent back to the countries in
which their abominable deeds were done in order that they may be judged and
punished according to the laws of these liberated countries and of the free gov.
' ernments which will be created therein. Lists will be compiled in all possible de
tail from all these countries having regard especially to tJ:ie invaded parts of the
Soviet Union, to Poland and Czechoslovakia, to Yugoslavia and Greece, includ.
)
ing Crete and other islands, to Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium,'
Luxemburg, France and Italy.
\
'Thus, the Germans V\'~o~ tak~parti1l~wl1olesale_shootings-of-ltalian~officers-----odn~the-execUtionof~French, Dutch, Belgium or Norwegian or of Cretan peas
, ants, or who have shared in the slaughters infiicted on the people of Poland or
in territories of the Soviet Union which are now being swept clear of the enemy,
will know that they will be brought back to the scene of their crimes and judged
on the spot by the peoples whom they have outraged. Let those who have hither
to not imbrued their hands with innocent blood beware lest they join the ranks
of the guilty, for most assuredly the three Allied Powers will pursue them to the
~tte~most ends of the earth and will deliver them to their accusers in order that
Justice may be done. . . .
.. .
.
..
The above declaration IS wI~hout prejudice ~o the c~e o! the major crm:mals,
who.se offences ~a~e no ?~rtlcular geographical localisation .and who Will be.
i
punished by the Jomt deCISIOn of the Governments of the Alhes.
.
.
V
~,:COMBINED DIRECTIVE FOR MILITARY GOVERNMENT IN
.
•.
GERMANY PRIOR TO DEFEAT OR SURRENDER
'I
I'
I
I
I
_,
I
I
1
I
.
.
Aprd 28, 19441
1. This directive is subject to such alteration as may be necessary to meet
jOint recommendations of the European Advisory Commission in regard to the
'00
pos t -surren der pen. It reIates to the period before defeat or surrender of
'The directive was approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff and transmitted by them
to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, on April 28, 1944. But it con
sisted then only of the ~asic and political directive and inc~ud~d only the ~1itical guides
for Germany and Austna. As the text. (par. 7. p. 136) mdlcated AppendiCes C, D, ~
were not yet ready. They were transmitted on May 31, 1944. However, the economic
and relief guides were merged into Appendix D. The financial guide (Appendix C) wall
revised in August and a program adopted that envisaged to impose only a minimum of
new financial controls and !egulat!ops. I.t was felt lugely on the basis of the Italian expe·
riences that a c0'!lprehenslve .anti.mHatlOnary ,and control pr?sram could be. fOfl!1ulated
only after a practical observatIOn of the finanCial and economic factors appearing 10 Ger
many during the post-hostilities period. Appendix C is published here in its revised form.
�-----,
,•.....a:-...
136
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
137
operations; (2) to destroy Nazisr;n-Fascism and the Nazi Hierarchy; (3) to main-
Germany and to such part~ of Germany and Austria as are overrun by the forces
under.your command d~rlng such period. The same policy will be applied to
tain and preserve law and order; and (4) to restore normal conditions among
the civilian population as soon as possible, insofar as such conditions will not
occupied parts. of A':5tna as to occupied parts of Germany except where different treatm~nt IS required for Austria to meet the provision of the Political Guide
interfere with military operations.
at ApPc:"~ltx B or other paragraphs dealing speci:6.cally with Austria.
2. a. Adolf Hitler, his chief Nazi associates, and all persons suspected of hav
2. Mill~ goyernment will be established and will extend over all parts of
ing committed war crimes will be arrested and held for investigation and subsequent disposition, including those who appear on lists drawn up by the United
Germany, including .Austria, progressively as the forces under your command
. capture German terrItory. Your rights in Germany prior to unconditional surNations which will be communicated to you. The heads of all ministries and
der or German defeat will be those of an occupying power.
other high political functionaries of the German Reich and those Germans who
, 3. 11:' By vi~e. C!f your p.osition you ar.e clothed with supreme legislative,
hav: held .high positions in occupied ~llied count:ies fou.nd withill occupied
executive, and JUdiCial authonty and power 10 the areas occupied by forces under
terntory will be mtemed and held pendmg further instructions.
your command. This authority will be broadly construed and includes authority
b. The same shall apply in the case of any national of any of the United
Nations who is alleged to have committed offenses against his national law and
to take all measures deemed by you necessary, desirable or appropriate in relaof any o~er person whose name or designation appears on lists to be similarly
tion to the exige';lcies of military operations and the objectives of a firm military
government.
'
.
,
communicated.
/" b. You are authorized at your discretion, to delegate the authority herein
3. The intention is to dissolve the Nazi Party throughout Germany as soon
granted to you in whole or in part to members of your command, and further
as possible. In furtherance of this object, you should: (1) take possession of
to authorize them at their discretion to make appropriate subdelegations. You
'I'
offices and records of all Party organizations and make lists of them; (2) sus
are further author~ed to appoint members of yo~ command as Military Govpend a~ivities of ~ Party or~izati?ns except. those which you ma~ req~ire
emors of such territory or areas as you may determine.
"
to contmue to function for admimstrat1ve~9Jlyemence;(3)-arrest,-and-1ttlpC1S0n- c. You are authorized to establish such milit:lI}'_courts_forthe_conti:ol-of-- -- ---high-Partyofficials;-(4pm-party property into custody, except for those organi
t?~p-opulation-of-the·occupied areas-as-may seem to'you desirable, and to estabzations specially directed by you in (2) above. A special effort should be made
!ish appropriate regulations regarding their jurisdiction and powers.
to seize and preserve all records add plans of the German military organizations
a. The military government shall be a military administration which will
and of the Nazi Party, and of the Security, Criminal, and Ordinary Police, and
sho:w every ~aracteristic of an Allied undertaking, acting in the interests of the
records of Nazi economic organizations and industrial establishments.
4. You will take steps to prevent the operation of all Nazi laws which dis
!JOlted Nations. Whether or not U. S. flIld U. K. civil affairs personnel will be
mtegrated other than at. your headquarters will be a matter for your decision.
criminate on the basis of race, color, or creed or political opinions. All persons
4. The U. S. and British flags shall be displayed at headquarters and posts
who were detained or placed in custody by the Nazis on such grounds should
of the military government. The administration shall be identical throughout
be released subject to requirements of security and interests of the individual
those parts of Germany occupied by forces under your command subject to any
concerned.
,. a. The operation of the criminal and civil courts of the German Reich will
special requirements due to local circumstances.
"
,. The military administration shall contain no!olitical agencies or political
be suspended. However, at the earliest possible moment you should permit their
re~resentatives of the U. ~. ~d U. K. U. S. an U. K. political officers apfu.nctioning under . such regul~~ion, sup~rvi.sion, and control as you rn:"Y deter
pOllted at your headquarters will continue in office.
m~ne. The operation of pohtlcall~ obJe~lonable courts, e.g., .~eople s courts~
6. Representatives of ~yilian agencies of ,the U.S.-l.!.K. Governments or
will be pe:manent~y .suspended With .a ,!I~W to eventual abohtlon. All Nazi
of UNRRA shall not partiCipate unless and until you conSider such participation
elements will ~e ehlt;l1nated fro~ the )U~lclary. .
.
.
desirable when it will be subject, as to time and extent, to decision by the Com.
b..Sec~lt1ty PolIce, excll':dmg Crur~lOal Poitce, b~t ID;cludmg G~st~po and
bined Chiefs of Staff on your recommendation.
Slch:rheltsdlepst, should be dls~rmed, ~Isbandedand imprISoned..Crimmalll?d
OrdlO~ry Police should be retamed subject to the removal of Nazi or otherwise
7. Appendix A, Political Guide for Germany; A~pendix B, Political Guide for
Aust;ria, a~e attached heret? Appe?dix
FinanCIal Guide; Ap endix D, BeoundeSltable elements.
.
. ,
nomic GUide; and AppendIX E, Rehe! GUide; will be transmitteJat a later date.
6. 1?e replacement of local Government. OffiCl~S who may be remove? ~ill
rest With the Supreme Commander who Will deCide whether the functiOnIng
of the military government is better served by the appointment of offic.ers of
Appendix A '
POLmCAL GUIDE
the occupation forces or by the use of the services of Germans. Military Govern
_
ment will be effected as a general principle through indirect rule. The principal
1. '!be admini*ation shall be firm. It will at the same time be just and
link for this indirect rule should be at the Bezirk or Kreis level; controls at
umane
. an
n so , at as conSI e
s lct
higher levels will be inserted at your discretion. Subject to any necessary dis
militag reqm~
ou will strongly discourage ra emlza Ion
een
missals, local officials should be instructed to continue to carry out their duties.
Allied troops and e German officials and population. It should be made clear
No actual appointment of Germans to important posts will be made, until it
has been approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff. It ,should be made clear
to the locaf population that military occupation is intended; (1) to aid military
S
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�138
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
to any German, after eventual appointment to an important post, and to all other
Governmental officials and employees, that their continued employment is solely
on the basis of satisfactory performance and behavior. In general the entire
Nazi leadership will be removed from any post of authority and no permanent
member of the German General Staff nor of the Nazi Hierarchy will occupy
any important Governmental or Civil position. The German Supreme Com-'
mand and General Staff will be disbanded in such a way as will insure that its
possible resuscitation later will be made as difficult as possible.
7. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 10, and to the extent that military
interests are not prejudiced, freedom of speech and press, and of religious wor
ship should be permitted. Consistent with military necessity, all religious insti
tutions shall be respected and all efforts will be made to preserve historical
archives, classical monuments, and objects of art.
.
8. Diplomatic and consular officials of countries at war with any of the United
Nations and of neutrals will be dealt with in accordance with instructions to
be issued by the Combined Chiefs of Staff. ,
9. a. Prisoners of war belonging to the forces of the United Nations and
associated nations and their nationals confined, interned or otherwise under re
straint by German authorities will be freed from confinement and placed under
military control or restriction' as may be appropriate pending other disposition.
b. So far as practicable aftecidentmcation-and-examination; -Allied-na~
--tionals-sl:iow<roegiven opportunity to join the armed forces of their country
if represented by units in the theater, or to serve in labor battalions organized
by the military or in other approved civilian work, provided their loyalties to
the Allies have been determined and they qualify physically and otherwise.
All practical measures should be taken to. insure health and welfare of Allied
nationals. They should not be allowed to disperse until plans are made for their
employment or other disposition. Former prisoners of war released by the Axis
may be found. They should be identified and requests addressed to their respec
tive military commands for instructions as to their disposition.
c. Allied and neutral civilian internees found in the territory should be
placed in restricted residence with provision being made for their care until they
show that they can provide for themselves. Work should be provided when
practicable. They should be identified as to nationality in order that their pres
ence in the territory may be communicated to their respective governments.
d. If feasible and practicable, enemy nationals, other than nationals of the
country under occupation, will be identified and registered and those whose free
dom of movement would endanger the security of the armed forces or be other
wise undesirable will be interned or their activities curtailed as may be necessary
under the circumstances.
'
10. a. The propagation of Nazi doctrines and propaganda in any form shall
be prohibited. Guidance on German education and schools will be given to
you in a separate directive.
b. No political activity of any kind shall be countenanced unless author
ized by you. Unless you deem otherwise, it is desirable that neither political
personalities nor organized political groups, shall have any part in determining
the policies of the military administration. It is essential to avoid any commit
ments to, or negotiations with, any political elements. German political leaders
in exile shall have no part in the administration.
c. You will institute such censorship and control of press, printing, pub-
lications, and the dissemination of news or information by the above means and
by mail, radio, telephone, and cable or other means as you consider necessary
in the interests of military security and intelligence of all kinds and to carry
out the principles laid down in this directive.
11. A plan should be prepared by you to prevent transfers of title of real and
personal property intended to defeat, evade, or avoid the orders, proclamations,
or decrees of the military government or the decision of the courts established
by it.
12. a. All property in the German territory belonging to the German Reich
or to any country with which any of the United Nations are at war will be con
trolled directly or indirectly pending further instructions, subject to such use
thereof as you may direct.
.
.,
b. Your responsibility for the property of the United Nations other than
U. K. and U. S. ana their nationals in areas to be liberated or occupied by Allied
Forces shall be the same as forthe property of U. K. and U. S. and their na
tionals except where a distinction is expressly provided by treaty or agreement.
Within such limits as are imposed by the military situation you should take all
reasonable steps necessary to preserve and protect such property.
'
I
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_______ ._______. _ _ _Apt>endix B
POLITICAL GUIDE FOR AUSTRIA
139
-----
1. The political aims of the occupation of Austria will differ fundamentally
from those of the occupation of Germany in that their primary purpose will be
that of liberation. Though it will be of great importance that the occupying
forces in Germany should make a good impression on the inhabitants, this will
be of even more importance in Austria and the impression to be aimed at is
of a different kind. You should try to insure that occupation by Allied Forces
in no way suffers by comparison with occupation by Germans.
2. In applying the political guide at Appendix A to Austria you should bear
in mind the following points:
a. Paragraph 1. The attitude to the Austrian population should be more
friendly than in Germany. There will be no need to discourage some degree
of fraternization. In addition to the four points enumerated in the last sentence
in this paragraph the following should be added: "To liberate Austria from
German domination and pave the way for a free and independent Austria."
b. Paragraph 6. A large proportion of the administrative posts in Austria
have been filled by Reich Germans and the replacement of local government
officials may therefore have to be more complete than in Germany. Their re
placement should proceed as rapidly as practicable having regard to the require
ments of military security and administrative possibilities. Every encouragement
should be given to. Austrians ~mtainted by Nazi .sympathie~ to fill the vacated
posts. Only the hIghest appolOtments WIll reqUIre the pnor approval of the
Combined Chiefs of Staff.
c. In Austria there is no intermediate administrative unit between the
Reichsgaue and the Kreise and the principal link for civil affairs must therefore
be the former until it is possible to restore the old Austrian Hinder.
d. Paragraph lOa. In addition to Nazi doctrines and propaganda, it
will be necessary to prohibit propaganda for pan-Germanism and renewal of
association with Germany.
.
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140
., AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
141
expenditures arising out of operations or activities involving participation of
Allied Military forces.
a. Insofar as operations relate to the provisions of currencies for the pay
Appendix C
and other cash reqwrements of military components of the Allied forces, the
Financial Division will supply Allied military marks from currency on hand
REVISED· FINANCIAL GUIDE FOR GERMANY .
.
and will record the debit against the military force concerned.
1. United S.tates, Briti~h and other. AlI.ied f~rces will. use Allied M!l~tar:y
.
b. Insofar as operations relate to the provision of currencies for civil administration, the Financial Division will supply Allied Military marks from
marks and Re~chsmark currency or coms m their possession. Allied MIlItaryMarks and ReIch~mark ~r~encr and coi~ now. in circulation in Germany will
I'
currency on hand and will record the debit against the Allied Military
be legal tender Without dIstmctIon and Will be mterchangeable at a rate of-Government.
.
Allied Military mark for - - Reichsmark. Records will be kept of the amounts
c. If found practicable and desirable, you will designate, under direct
military control and supervision, the Reichsbaok, or any branch thereof, or any
of the .German marks used by the forces of each nation. ReichskredilkaJsenscheme and other German Military currency will not be legal tender in
other bank satisfactory to you, as agent for the Financial Division of Civil
Germany.
.
.
Affairs Sections. When satisfied that the Reichsbank, or any branch thereof,
2. In the event, however, that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied
or other designated bank, is under adequate military control and supervision,
~tary marks and/or Reichsmarks are not available, the United States forces
you may use that bank for official business, and, if necessary, by making credits
Will use yellow seal dollars and regular United States coins and the British
available, place such bank or banks in a position to finance other banks and
fo~ces will use British Military Authority (BMA) notes and regular British
branches thereof, for the conduct of their business as approved by the Allied
coms. Records will be kept of the amounts of currencies used by the United
military authorities.
States and British forces.
d. The records of the Financial Division of the Civil-Affairs-Section-
3. If it is found necessary to use US yellow seal dollars and BMA_notes, the-- --established withiiltflearea"will-indtcatein :ill cases in what currency receipts
were obtained or disbursements made by the Financial Division.
following-provisions-will-apply tosudi use:---'
a. The rate of exchange between the U.S. yellow seal dollar and the BMA
6. Upon entering the area, you will take the following steps and will put
notes will be - - dollars to one pound, and the two currencies will be interinto effect only such further financial measures as you may deem to be necessary
from a strictly military standpoint:
changeable at that rate. The United States Treasury will make the necessary
arrangements with the British Treasury.
a. You will declare a general or limited moratorium if you deem such
measure to be necessary. In particular, it may prove desirable to prevent fore. b. You will issue a prOclamation, if necessary, requiring all persons to
accept U.S. yellow seal dollars and BMA notes at the decreed rates. Transacclosures of mortgages and the exercise of similar remedies by creditors against
tions at any other rates will be prohibited.
individuals and small business enterprises.
c. The issuance of yellow seal dollars and BMA notes will cease and
b. Banks should be placed under such control as deemed necessary by you
Allied Military mark and/or Reichsmark currency will be used in their place
in order that adequate facilities for military needs may be provided and to insure
as soon as available.
that instructions and regulations issued by military authorities will be fully
d. U.S. yellow seal dollars and BMA notes will be withdrawn from circulacomplied with. Banks should be closed only long enough to introduce satis
factory control, to remove objectionable personnel, and to issue instructions for
tion as soon as such withdrawal can be satisfactorily accomplished.
e. Records will be kept of the amounts of such currencies used by the
the determination of accounts to be blocked under paragraph e below. As soon
as practicable banks should be required to file reports listing assets, liabi1ities~
United States, British and other Allied forces.
4. The rate of exchange to be decreed on your entry into the area will be
and all accounts in excess of 25,000 marks.
.
- - marks to the dollar and - - marks to the pound sterling. Transactions
c. You will issue regulations prescribing the purposes for which. credit
may be extended and the terms and conditions governing. the extensl~n of
at any other rates will be prohibited. Holders of mark currency or deposits will
credit. If banking facilities are not available you .may estab~lsh s~c~. credits or
not be entitled to purchase foreign exchange without special permission. They
will obtain dollars or pounds, or any other foreign currency or foreign exchange
make such loans as you deem necessary for essentIal economic activIties. These
will be restricted to mark credits and loans.
.
....
credits, only in accordance with exchange regulations issued by you.
5. The Financial Division of the Civil Affairs Section for Germany will
d. You will close all stock exchanges and similar financla1lOstttt:tlOns.
e. Pending determination of future disposition, all gold, foreign cur
include in its functions the control of all funds to be used by the Allied MiIirencies, foreign securities, accounts in financial institutions, ~redits,. valua.ble
tary forces within the area, except yellow seal dollars and BMA notes which
will be under the control of U.S. and British forces respectively. It will mainpapers and all similar assets held by or on behalf of the followlOg, Will be Im
tain all the accounts and records necessary ·to indicate the supply, control, and
pounded or blocked and will be used or otherwise dealt with only as permitted
under licenses or other instructions which you may issue:
movement of these currencies including yellow seal dollars and BMA notes,
(1) German national, state, provincial, and local governments, and agencies
and other funds, as well as financial data required for the determination of
and instrumentalities thereof.
"See p. 13~, footnote.
e. Paragraph lOb. You should be prepared to give more latitude to
political activity in Austria than in Germany.
I
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142
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
A
d' 0
ppen IX
ptI:
er , enemy governments, the agencies and instrumentalities thereof
(2)
and their Nationals,
'
143
(3) Owne~ and hold~~s, including neutral and United Nations Govern.
ECONOMIC AND RELIEF GUIDE FOR GERMANY
ments or national authontles ' absent from the areas 0 f Ge' ' un d
your
.
.
.
.
rmany
er
The followmg directive relates to the penod before the surrender of Ger"
controI.
I n areas were there are no mil'
h
"..
Ita.ty operatIons 10 progress, wh en prac
many. '
,
ticable and consistent with milita.ty necessity you should:
(4) . Nazi Par:Y ~rgannabons, mcludmg the Party formations, affiliates, and
:;:~r:r;;~ed asSOCIatIons, and the officials, leading meniliers, and supporters
(a) see that ~e systems of producti~n,~ontrol, collection and. distributi?n
of food and agncultural produce are mamtamed, that food processmg factones
,
,
,
,
continue in operation and that the necessa.ty labor and transport are provided
, (~), ~ersons under detention or oth,e~ types of custody by Allied Military
au,tJ:tontles and other persons whose actiVities are hostile to the interests of the
to insure maximum production. German food and other supplies will be utilized
military government.
for the German population to the minimum extent required to prevent disease
f. No governmental or private bank or agency will be authorized to issue
and unrest. You will report on any surpluses that may be available as regards
banknote~ or curre~cy except that, if found practicable and desirable, you may
which separate instructions will be issued to you;
so. ~uthonze the Relchsbank .~d the Rentenbank when they are under adequate
(b) instruct the German authorities to restore the various utilities to full
militaty control and superviSIOn.
working order, and to maintain coal mines in working condition and in full
operation so far as transport will permit. Except insofar as their production
, g. You will issue immediately a proclamation prohibiting all transfers of
or o~~r dealings in real estate and securities, other than central government
is needed to meet your requirements, or as you may be instructed in subsequent
secur!t!es. You may, however, prohibit or limit dealings in central government
directives, munitions factories will be closed pending further instructions. You
securities, but only pending resumption of service on the public debt,
will be resJ?onsible. for proc;uring such g~dS and materials for e~ort -as. you
7., All dealings in gold and forei~lexchange_and_allforei .. finandal~and ___ .. _mayj'X:9mttmdo_ttme.~e.dlrected-to-obtam-for·the·use~of:the:U01te?-NatlOns;
-forelgn-tra~etransactiofisof anyJand, including all exports ~d im orts of
You will take steps t? msur~ that no sa,,?tage or destruction IS camed out by
currency, Will be prohibited except as permitted under such regul f p
the Germans of any mdustrlal plant, equipment or stocks, or of any books or
records relating ther:to. P~ding the issue of. further directives you w!ll take
~y issue relative thereto. Except as you may otherwise authorize: 1~ ~~~
will be permitted to open and operate only mark accounts, but if yellow seal
such steps as you think ,deSirable; to preserv~ mtact all such plant, equI,Pment,
dollars and BMA notes are legal tender they mat be accept d t th d
books. and records, paytng particular attentIOn to research and expertmental
d
estabhshment·
'll b e '
e a
e ecree
'
,
ra te 0 £ exchange an d WI
turned in as directed y you in exchange for mark
. (c) e;cerc~se ~ontrol ~ver German shippi?g, in!~d transport and communica
currency at the decreed rate of exchange.
8. Non·yellow seal U.S. dollar notes and regular British pound notes will
bons p!lm~rily ~n the mterests of the; Alhed military effort and see that they
not be le~al tender. No person, agency or bank engaged in the exchange of
are matntatne~ 10 a full state of effiCiency;
.
. (?) establtsh a system of cont,rol over export and. tmpo:t trade, In deter
. money. will acquire or otherwise deal in these notes except as you may so
authorne. U. S. Army and Navy Finance Officers and British Paymasters may
mmmg what exports shall be permitted. paramount conSideration shall be granted
hOY;,ever, be authorized to accept non-yellow seal U.S. dollar notes and regula;
to you~ militaty needs. Records will be kept of all import and export
Bntlsh pound notes from United States and British Military or authorized per
transactions;
sonne! for conversion into Allied Military mark or Reichsmark currency at the
(e) instruct the German authorities to maintain the limits on prices and
decreed rate of exchange, after satisfying themselves as to the source· of the
wages in force under the most recent German regulations. The rationing
notes.
system for important staple commodities shall be retained or reestablished.
B~ack marketact~vities and hoarding y;iI1 ~e severely punished. Generally you
9. All bona fide government pensions, allowances, and social security a.
ments will continue to be paid, but steps will be taken as soon as practic~bre
wtll take all pOSSible steps to prevent mflatlon;
for a study of pensioners' records with a view to nullifying all unnecessary and
(f) where possible, work through the existing German administrative and
.
ec,?n~mic machinery in c~rrying out t,he above frogr~, be~ing in mind the
undesirable pensions and bonuses of Nazi inception.
10. The railways, postal, telegraph and telephone service, radio and all gov.
I
prtnclp~~s as rc;~ards remova.! of Nazi personne contamed lD paragraph 6 of
ern!Dent monopolie~ ,will be placed under your control and their revenues made
f
the poltttcal ~I eat App:ndlx A;
.
.
available to the military government.
.
(g) permIt the for~atIon o,f ~ democrattc trade unIOn movement and other
forms of free economic associatIon.
You will, consistent with international custom and usage, maintain ex.
IS~1Og tax la~s, except that discr~inatory taxes introduced under the Nazi regime
Will be abolIshed. Prompt actIOn should be taken .to maintain the inflow of
revenue at the hig~~st possible level. You will resume service on the public
debt as soon as mtlltary and financial conditions permit.
t
. :11.
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I
.
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (U.S.)
PRdpERTY CONTROL
,HISTORY. POLICIES.i PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES' "
1
\ OF THE
I
UNITED STATES A
OF CONTROL, GERMANY
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.SPECIAL REPORT OF THE
MILITARY GOVERNOR
\
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VV.1I. " V '
, 67
68
68
69
69
...
70
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The tllOtundamental problems ot the Property Control Program have been:
tirst, the methods ot locatirig, placing under custody, sateguarding and. administering
various specified categories lot property under control; and, second, making decisions,
providing tor ultimate dispo~tion 'ot properties and ~diting the release thereof'.
In accordance with IIilitar,yGovernment pollcies, directives, laws and other measures,
ever,y ettort is being made t1 release as JIl8Ily properties trom control as possible.
In line witb W.lltary Government pollcyof' transf'erring greater responsi
bility to German govermentu: authorities, Property Control respo'nsibility tor
custody and administration, as provided tor in lIilltar,y Goverment Regulation Title
17, was transterred to Germani Land. governm.ents dllring the latter halt of' .1946."
Special safeguards were provi~ed tor properties ot United Nations and neutral. owners,
and th08e propertie8 in ~be "F're88 1f categories. The German' agencies were under the
direct supervision of Kilitary Government authorities.
'
In JW1e 1947 the ~basis changed trom the first Plue (that of locating and
adequately protecting properties) to iJDplementing and carr,ying out tbe second Ptase
(release ot properties trom c~ntrol). In June 1947 a program was announced providing
tor the decontrol ot properties belonging to citizens ot United IJations and neutral
nations (except Spain and portugal). ' This progl"8.ll1i 1I'8.S later extended to fOI'.!ller enemy
nations with whom peace treaties bave been signed.
'
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' I
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:
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Control Council Dir~¢ive ,No. 50 and Ililitary Goverrment Law No. 58 have
established the procedures wht'lreby property of Nazi organizations are being transterred
to Land governments, or to certain democratic organizations. The properties of
"
individual Nazis are being released from control in accordance with e:xisting de- "
n&Zitication procedures. Pro~erties of the Reich are being held pending necessary ,
pollcy decisions as to disposItion. "Duress" propertifts will be held pending final
adjudication ot the case as provided for in Military Goverrment Law No. 59.' Properties
taken under control as "cturess11t properties' for which no claiID has been filed will be
released from control pursuantl to Military Government directives to be issued in the
future. It is expected that practically all properties with the exception of Ifduress",'
and "Reich If properties will bell released trom control during the first six months ot
1949.
..
On 1 July 1949, it i13 planned to liquidate completely Military Government
Property Control Offices. Residual Property Control duties will in large part be
I
transterred tO,a Central Ge~ Property Control Coordinating Committee composed of
the tour Land Civili8D Agency Heads. Those Property Control functions which cannot
be transterred to the' ~tl"al German Property Control Coordinating Comm.ittee will be
made the responsibility of one of the Military Governor 1 s Advisers.
�.
. I"
.. rxCeplS
ft~, ;uJ J 19 t}l/
~~o&/L. ~. t1-u
~'~,,;~
.
.0:fXuU1' rf1)~ -I-'r71LU16J~ 1J PI17~ CiklIYzrt:
In 1942lth~_S establlshed in England an organization known as the
United States Group Control Counc1l•. 11. was composed of various Divisions
"
corresponding to the Divisions ot llillt,17. Government and the purpose was to plan
the functions ot the o~cupation ot ~ • Within the USGCC 1I&S a Division called
"ReparationS, Deliveries am Restitutions (RD&R)" J wh1chinclwied the functions'
which Propert7 Control &8SUlll8 s toda,y. Att.er the capS.tulation ot German.r, RD&:R
Division,was split int.o tl;\e Restitution iBr&nch, the Reparation Brancb, and Property
Control, which was tirst tom.ed as a special Branch ot the Economics Division, but
wbi'ch was later taken over by the Fina.n~eDivision. In Karch 1948, the Finance
Division was dissolved, and the Propert~ Control Branch became a Branch ot a new
Division known 808 the Property- Division.,
,
~
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,
Property- Control msa8Ul'8S were aimed at the dersazitication and. de
militarization ot GermaDT. Property- Control custody 19&8 used to remove designated
persons and organizations trom positions; ot importance and power and render them
barmless to the anticipated program ot d,eDIOcratization. Custody- was ~ecessa17 to
protect certain properties pencli.ns ultimate disposition.
,
Property- Control in the U.S. ~net)t Ge1'JllaD1' became' etrective with the
posting ot )(llitar;y Government, Law RD. 52 yas the a:rmies moved through Ge1'1ll&ll1',
starting in Aachen on 18 September 194#+.1 Property- Control was, at that time, fulJ.T
administered b7 the Jlllit&rT. As stateci'in the USFET Directive of 7 July 1945 Y whiCJ
/ later served as basis .cor .L!illt&r7 Gove9Dent Regulation Title 17 (1I.GR. 17), J/ all
. properties su.bject to control were block8d and trozen on the above date 808 a
DScessU7 step toward. tbe wore_ent ofl the polic7 of denazification, the principles
of demilitarization and de1ndustrialization, and the }rogram of relief, restitution
and reparations.
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~
-
~the
0
rating procedure and meChanics of Propert7 Control wer
andbook for
'tia Govenllumt Rev. 1, 20
• Pertinent sections
/Sff;
~
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,
. (384.) ,In ftDrcising Property- Control tun~tions, the role of the ~'tal7"
GoYernaent Officer 1. that of a IlilitU7 Goverment official, not that of a receiver \
or tru.stee in the Bdt1sb or .American .eue. He should do what is reasonable in the)
circumstances. No personal liabillty-1d.J\l a.ttach to arI¥ Kilita17 Government Officer i'
for acts which are }J8rfom.ed, permitted or omitted, in good faith, relative to the
~
. control or administration of property-.
I,.
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.
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(38'.) Mllit&r7 Govel'JlDlent Oft~cers are rot authorized to sul:m1t to the
jllli-sdiction of the· local courts in proce~s in 1Ibich Killtary- Government or l1Uitary
Go~rrment Officers are J in effect J defendants. . Further instructions will be is sued
in regard to this matter.
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<:~86.)
lLilita17 Government Officers will arrange for the receipt of reports
required fram local ott1cials~ organizations and persons relating to
Property- under control.,
!
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j
retUnlS
,
. C~87.) JlUitar;y Governnent Officers will at all times gather and forward
to the Deputy Chief Property Control Officer all local intorms.tion relevant to the
classes of property-subject to Property- Control. ot particular interest will be
ot cloaking activities used to disguise property- acquired through duress or
wrongful acts of dispossesnonor sJ;Oliat1.on, or to conceal holdiilgs ot the Nazi
Party- and prominent members and supporters' tbereo t •
.
.
o
••
e
~ports
!
11
CJ}
See!nnex VIII.
=ex1ll0
~ee tiex-vr;-
ee
a
N
1'1
o.
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()88.) In the ev~t it is necessar,r to use force to t~ke possession of
any propertT or to exclude ~ person from it, 'and satficient assistance from
Military Goverrment Public ~fety Officers can.mot be obtained, a requestsbould be
made for the necessary aid to the appropriate V1l1tar;y C<XDID8.llder.
,
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,led
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(389.) In the admini3tration and operation of property taken under control,
I!ilitary Government Officer~ should not, exeept atter consultation with the appropriate
Property Control Officer, lease or repair such property, J»r employ agents and fix
and pay ccapensatiC)n for ani of the foregoing.
I ,
(3W.) I!ilitary Government does DOt ordinarily take title t.o property
taken into control. Sales
be made on behalt of the owner only i t specially
ordered or in cases of perishables.
mal'
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(39l.) Kilitar,y d;overnment Otticers will not enter into. a contract for
a tem in excess .Of JO days, without approval from the Chief Prope~T Control Officer.
I
;ed
<l
;0
r,
:U.ly
f./
which
loll
::iples
do'"
t.ated
ions
itarT
eiver'
n the
ricer
t.he
t.he
Military
ssued
reports
o
I'fard '
the
e
s or
i
(392.) PrOperty ~ould be entered on the PropertT Record (t,lG/PC/2) as ,80on
as taken ,into control. The Record of Property Transactiona(KG/pc/3) will be
"
maintairted by Ililitar,r Gove~ent Otticers or Ililitar,y Govemment Detachment. and' will
recite all facts and transactions that affect the PropertT, its condition and history.
Until propertT is entered on l the Property Record by the JL1lltary Government Ofticer and
the Notice ot CuatodT (MG/PC!l) is fUed, it is not completelT taken into control. It
.may therefore be released to I its Olmer or his representatives without formalitT even
though pro~ective notices hare been posted on it or h~ve been delivered to its
occupants. (see F &: PC T,echnical Ilanua.l.)
.
. .
(393.) when' a goirtg concern 1a taken over, Jlll1tar,y Govel'lllll8nt Otticers
should consult with any 1l1ll.tar,y Goverrment functional specialist officers 1n\:.erested
in the functioning ot such' ~ncern. When a going concern is taken over, Jlll1tarT
Goverrment Ofticers will gi~ to the person or persons in charge PropertT Cont.rOl
Letter of Instruction Ho. 1 (KG/PCO/.Il3E/l). (See F &: PC Technical. Ilanual.)
,
(394.) Operating Jgents 'and custodians aball be instructed to keep Proper
and appropriate accounts 80 tpat reports and accounts.may be rendered to owners or to
higher authorities. Where Jlijlitar,r GoveJ'Dllent takes control ot a.I:Qr business or under
taking which alread;y has a satistactory accounting ""st_ in operation, the existing
accounting system will be co~inued. It the Jlllita.r;y Government Officer finds an
"
inadequate accounting sTstsn in an undertaking under control, a report thereot will be
made to the appropriate Properl.y Control Otficer.
(395.) Funds received or produced by the operation of the property may be
retained in such accounts or depositories as are ni.e.intained. on its behal!, subject to
directions of the appropriate I Property Control Officer. Large accumulations of funds
by such undertaldngswill be reported to the appropriate Property Control Officer.
(396.) Custodians lppointed to operate any property shall have no power,
,
without the consent of higher !authOrity, to alter the nature of a business, or to< sell,
liquidate, incumber or obliga~e the propertT ~r any part of it be;yond the ordinary
course of business.
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. , (397.) Fees paid to custodians, and allowancGs made to owners or their
'
dependents, out of such propetfties may, be continued, but may not be reduced or increased
without prior approval f~ the Chief PropertT Control Officer. When paid they shall
stand as a charge against the iproperty and its owner.
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(398.) Under no ci~cumstances will persons,'"hohave been removed fNm
any office or position because! of the Sup~ Co.!lllll.aIlder' s poliCT of removal of activa
Nazis and ardent Nazi sympathi'zers be emploTed. or used in any other way in connection
with the Property Control program ot )(ilitary Government.
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The report which tollows is a brief histor,y of the Property Control Program
ot the U.S. :Military Government as administered in the U.S. Area of Control, Germany.
NOVEM8~R
1948
�PROPERTY OONTROL
It indicates til" policies, procedureeland practices tollowed, and. tile special. steps
taken to protect the properties under icontrOl and return them to tIle1r rightful
owners, or illt1m&te reCipients. In ~e annexes are cited the basic authorities
'
and pertinent legislation 'Which £omed. the bub ot tbe Propert,.. Control Program:. .
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'~LUYvJ \V\ Yh ~ctL£l
YALTA
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The claim of having produced the first concrete pronouncement of Allied in
tentions toward a defeated Germany I, belongs to the Tr'iparti te Conference in Moscow,
held in November 1943. But since the "Declaration of German Atrocities" issued
by the assembled Foreign Secretaries and signed by the allied leaders; Roosevelt,
Churchill and Stalin, deals with the specific topic of War Crim~s, its proper
place in this collection would seem to be the selection of documents concerned
with the NUrnberg Trial (Section V).
.
f
,It was at the Crimea Conference
br
1945) that the "Big Three"
establis e ,
e ore th~ collapse of the Hitler regime, the maj9r lines
of polic w
the: Potsdam Conferen
il': The Yalta
coimn~ique re-stated the demand fori
Uncon
onal Surrender" of the Casablanca
and Teheran conferences (cf. the next section, No. II). Beyond that, the Allies
proclaimed their "inflexible purpos~": to demilitarize and denazify Germany
,
(amplified in HI, IV, VI and VII),lto bring all war criminals to justice (V and
VII), to exact "reparation in kind"i (cf., especially VIII), and to destroy Qermany'
industrial war potential while leaving her people the means for achieving an
average standard of living (IX).
\
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It was at Yalta too that the crucial decision was 'made to divide up Germany
into three (later four) separate zones. of occupation, to be coordinated by an
Allied Control Commission in Berlin~ (The Americans had advocated a unified'
(mixed) allied administration, but 4ad not been able to overcome the objections
of their British and Soviet Alli.es.) It is this particular Yalta compromise
which has been blamed by most critics as the main source of friction between the
occupying powers. Since unanimity was required, in a case of disagreement each
partner felt free to act in his own!zone independently. Thus the important
principle established at Potsdam (Pri1ovision B 14), to treat Germany as a single
economic unit., was never put into 'oPleration.
. I
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CRIMEA CONFERENCE COMMUNIQUE
I
Decisions with Regard to Germany (February 3-11, 1945)
I
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The following statement is made by the Prime Minister of Great Britain,
the President of the United States, and the Chairman of the Council of people's
Commissars of the Union of Soviet ISocialist Republics on the result of the
Crimea Conference:
I
1. DEFEAT OF GERMANY
I
I
determlne;d
We have considered snd
the military plans of the three Allied
Powers for the final defeat of the common enemy. The Military Staffs of ~he three
allied Powers have met in daily meetings throughout, the Conference. These meet
ings have' been mos.t satisfactory from! every point of view and have resulted in
closer coordination of the militar~ effort of'the three allies than ever before.
..
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The fullest information has been; interchanged. The timing, scope, and co
ordination of new and even more powerful blows to be launched by our armies and
air forces into the heart of Germany from east, west, north, and south have been'
fully agreed and planned in. detail. I
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Our combined military Planswillibe made known only as we execute them but
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we believe that the very IClose working partnership among the three Staffsatta
at this Conference will r\eSult in shortening the war. Meetings of the three
staffs will be continued in the future whenever the need a~ises.
.
Nazi Germany is doomed. The German people'will only make the cost of the
defeat heavier to themselves by attempting to continue a hopeless resistance.
2, OCCuPATIOII AND COIITRoJ
We have agreed on co~on policies and plans for enforcing the uncondition:
surrender terms which we ~hall impose together on Nazi Germany after· German arI
resistance has been finally crushed. These terms will not be made known until
the' final defeat of Germany is accomplished.
!
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Under the agreed plans the forces of the three Powers will each occupy a
separate zone of Germany. I Coordinated administration and control has been pro,
vided tor under the plan through a Central Control Commission conSisting of th(
Supreme Commanders of theithree Powers with headquarters in Berlin.
\"
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It has been agreed that France should be invited by the three Powers. if :
should so desire. to take i'a zone of occupation, and to partlcipateas fourth
member of the Control Commission. The limits of the French zone will be agree(
by the tour Governments concerned through their representatives on the Europeru
Advisory Commission.
II
'
It is our inflexible purpose to destroy German militarism and Nazism and t
ensure that Germany will never again be able to disturb the peace of ,the world,
We are determined to disarm and disband all German armed forces; break up for!
time the German General St:aff that has repeatedly contrived the resurgence of
German militarism; remove lor destroy all German military equipment; eliminate (
control all German industr:y that could be used for military production; bring £
war criminals to Justice and swift punishment and exact reparation in kind for
destruction wrought by Ger~ans; wipe out the Nazi party, Nazi laws, organizatic
and institutions; remove all Nazi and militarist influences from public officef
and trom the culturaland l'conomic life of the German people; and take in harmc
such other measures in Germany as may be necessary to the future peace and saf~
of the world. .
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It is not our purpose to destroy the people of Germany, but only when NazI
and militarism have been extirpated will there be hope for deeent life for Gern
.
.
. and a place for them in the comity ot nations. , .
.
3. REPARATION BY GERMANY
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We have considered the question of the damage caused by Germany to Allied
Nations in this war, and recognized it as Just that Germany be obliged to make
compensation for the damage in kind to the greatest extent possible. A Commiss
for the Compensation of Daniage will be established. The CommisSion will be in
struc·ted to consider the question of extent and methods for compensating damage
caused by Germani to the Alllied countries. The Commission will work in Moscow.
I
I
. (Signed) WINSTON S. CHURCHILL
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVEL
J. V. STALIN.
{
�i·A>~~l"'~
j)~r
432
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSIO)!uir:
"1 am aware of Mr. Winant's agreement with Strang andif he would
abandon the British long terms in favor of our short term instrument,
we would agree to include the subject matter forming the basis of the
long terms in procl~in'!-tions and _general orders to be issued t? the
Germans after the slg'l1lng of the Surrender Instrwnent. To thIS 'We
have no objection, although the Joint Chiefs have never been advised
of the existence of such an agreement."
1 am glad that General Rilldring admits the validity of this agrf'l'
ment, which we and the Russians made as a basis for securing British
acceptance of our short military li1strument of Surrender. The in
structionwhich directed me to enter into this agreement (dated FE'b
. ruary 12, 1944) to was approved in a signed memorandum by Gene,raJ
Hilldring and was transmitted to me with the approval of the Joint.
. Chiefs of Staff and the State Department. My acceptance of this
cOllllnitment, upon express instructions of our Government, was re
ported by me in Cornea 38 of :March 10, 1944.n The State and 'Waf
Ante, p. 410.
.. Not printed.
"" Not found In Department files. Brig. Gen. Vincent Meyer wns Chief hllll
tary Advl!!<er to the United States Representative on the European Ad~isory Com
mlsRion (Winant).
<0 Telegrnm 3735, February 12, 1944, to London, Foreign Relations, 1944, vol.
If
n
TA1IIJ1JtUf I)J OU""'P-.~\
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
warding the revised directive 81 you hl;we. simply lopped off the two
.
'
• •
standard. mtroductory paragraphs and that the remamder of the dIrec
tive is more detailed than the original draft 88 sent from here.
Again, in the revised 1067, Article 1 of the Political Directive lists
fourteen categories of persons who must be searched. out, arrested and
held. The final paragraph of that same Article places on the com
mander-in-chief detailed responsibility for reporting fail'I.IIP.e to arrest
anyone of several million persons comprised in these categories and for
reporting to the Control Council his recommendation and reasons
therefor in each case. This places an exacting obligl!.tion on the com
manding general without regard to practical obstacles and without
leaving any degree of discretion to him-an obligation which is far
more binding in its detail than any which we felt wise to write into our
draft directives.
'
.
1 wonder if you realize how closely my advisers have worked with
the operational and planning Army officers who are actually going to
do some of these jobs in Germany. Those officers look at the problem.
-from-a-very-practical-viewpoint.-We-are-also-in.daily contact-with.
the representatives of the three occupying Powers and the positions
taken by them under instructions from their Governments.
In a letter to General Meyer, dated December 16, 1944,se General
Rilldring states:
T
(jr
DI ruiilJ'f.
1t17
if.; ,143'1
"/
Departments ack . I d d
.
<
now e ge and confirmed thO
.
.
13 of March 16 1944 0
IS commItment m Eacom
The remaini~'
1
.
.
go on to argue ~~t~gra~ 1S of Gelle~'al RIlldrmg's letter, however,
mitment The cons ere IS n; necessIty for meeting this clear com
inevitabiy lead to e~ellC~S? repudiat~ng such ~ commitment would
unity.
un ermmmg the baSIS of AllIed cooperation and
.
The'action taken a t th C'
ceptance of the Unc d'~' rl~~a Conference., whIch confirmed the ac
on Zones of Occu ~~ I !on~ urrender Instrument, of the Protocol
Machinery in Ge:~ Ion It e~many and the A~eement on Control
y
should make our wo a: , ;as .gIv~n us a firm baSIS for action which
I have always tr'~ t eaSIer~n ~ ~ weeks ahead.
on with a job in 'wh~ch t~ ~?r ;~t y?u. ~y problem has been to get
fore I have pressed t et l~e actor IS an Impor~antelement. Therewere of vital concerno~e c tea~~ce on ~hose thmgs ~hich 1 thought
Allied unity.
pro ec mg our mterests and ill safeguarding
..- ~~I-look forward tos-'- ~-.
agreement on the ba .eemg you 1 am sure e wIll filld ourselves in
continued Allied coo;~r~~fo:o~c ~o ~he q~estlOn of how best to assure
Sincerely"
ill t e andlmg of Germany.
' J O H N GILBERT WINANT
:v
h
140.00119 Control (GermanY)/2-2845
Memora1Uium by Pr'e8ident Roosevelt to the Searetary of State
WASHINGTON, February 28, 1945~
I desire that you, as Secretary of State, asswne the responsibility
for sE'.eing that the conclusions, exclusive of course of military matters,
reached at the Crimea Conference, be carried forward. In so doing
YOIt will, 1 know, wish to confer with other officials of this Govern
ment on matters touching upon their respective fie1ds. I will expect
you to report to me direct on the progress you are making in carrying
the Crimea decisions into effect in conjunction with our Allies.
F[RAN'KLIN] D. R[OOSEVELT]
HO.00119 Control (GermnnyJ/3-1045
Memora1Uiu7n by the Secretary of State to President Roosevelt n
[WASHINGTON, March 8, 1945.]
Your memorandum of February 28 directed me to assume the re
~ponsibility for carrying forward the conclusions you reached at the
.. Foreign Rc14tfC'lut, 1944, vol. I, p. 199.
.., Fn~ ("on", T1pfth",.. ",I~"n" ... ,.,._ 4 ..... ..,..:11.
h
_._ ..
5
�,...."'.."""~"
434
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
Crimea Conference. In pursuance thereof, I am a.ttaehing for your
approval a suggested directive on the treatment of Gennany which
I believe oonforms tb the Yalta discussions and decISIOns. I believe
t1iat such a dIrective uis urgently necess.ary to implement the Yalta
decisions and continue the fonnulation and development of United
States policy to be concerted with our Allies. If you approve of the
attached directive, I suggest the establishment of an infonnal policy
committee on Germany under the chairmanship of the Department of
State and including representatives of War, Navy, Treasury and the
Foreign Economic Administration. This committee would serve a.s
the central source of policy guidance for American officials both
civilian and military on questions relating to the treatment of Ger
many and its proceedings would be based on the attached directive.
435
3. All German arms, ammunition and implements of war shall be
removed or destroyed.
4. Military archives and military research facilities shall be
confiscated.
.
5. The manufacture and the importation of arms, ammunition and
implements of war shall be prohibited.
6. The German aircraft industry shall 'be'dismantled and the further
manufacture of aircraft and component parts shall be henceforth
prohibited.
nI.Il\UrEDIATE POLITICAL MEASURES
1. The Nazi Party and its affiliated and supervised organizations
shall be dissolved and their revival in any fonn shall be prohibited.
Such non-political social services of these organizations as are deemed
desirable may be transferred to other agencies.
[Annex]
2. Nazi laws which provided the legal basis of the Hitler regime
and which established discriminations on grounds of race, creed, and
MAROH 10, 1945.
political opinion shall 'he abolished.
DRAFT-DIREGrIVE-FOR-TRE-TREATMENT-OF-GERMANY
.~~- ---3.-All--Nazi-public--institutions(such -as the People's Courts and
I. MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Labor Front) which were set up as instruments of Party domination
shall he 8ibolished.
1. The inter-allied military government envisaged in the interna
4. Active Nazis and supporters of Nazism and other individuals
tional agreement on control Il].achinery for Gennany shall take the
hostile to Allied purposes, shall be eliminated ·from public and quasi
. place, and assume the functions, of a central government of Germany.
public office and from positions of importance in private enterprise.
2. The authority of the Control Council shall be paramount
Active Nazis shall be defined as those approximately two million mem
throughout Gennany. The zones of occupation shall be areas for t.he
bers of the Party who have heen leaders at all levels, from local to
enforcement of the Council's decisions rather than regions in which
national, in the Party and its subordinate organizations.
the zone -comma.nders possess a wide latitude of autonomous power.
5. Nazi political malefactors and all war criminals shall be alTested
3. German administrative machinery must be purged as set forth
and punished.
below. It shall lie used in so far as it can serve the purposes of this
6. Germans taken abroad for labor reparation shall be drawn
directive and does not pennit Nazi abuses.
primarily from the ranks of the active Nazisnnd of Nazi organiza
II. IMMEDIATE SECURITY MEASURES
tions, notably from t.he SS and the Gestapo.
1. The German armed forces, including para-military organiza
This procedure will serve the doub1e purpose of eliminating many
tions, shall be promptly demobilized and disbanded.
.
of the worst carriers of Nazi influence frl)m Germany lilld of com
2. All military and para-military agencies, including the General
peI1ing the gui1ty to expiate their crimes and to repair some of the
damage they have done.
,
Staff, partly milit..'try and quasi-military organizations, the Reserve
Corps, and military acndemies, together with all associations serving
7. Under the direction and supervision of the Control Council there
to keep alive t.he milit.ary tradition in Germany shall be immediately
~hall be established throughout Germany a unified system of control
orer all means of disseminating public infonnation.
.
dissolved and thereafter prohibited.
8. There shall be e,.<;tablished a uniform system of control over Ger
(Footnote Cllntlmwcl from p. 43:1.\
m:m education designed comp 1
etely to eliminate Nazi doctrines and to
Anot.her copy of this memornndtllll b('al'8 the linlldwrittcn, unsigned lIotntlon:
make possible the development of democratic ideas.
"l\larch 12. 1!l45 approved. Handed In pEIrson to the Secy. 3/13/45 Staff l\IN'I·
lng." A coverln:;:- chit by Mr. Hathuway Watson, Assistant to the Special As~i~l·
ant to the Secretary of State (G. Hayden Raynor). dated March 14. aUa('hrt\
t" st.ill
nnothpr ('(mv of. t.hp ntPTYIorflnnnm
rp1'lil~
1'11': follow~:
"Orh:dnnl
~n~
IV. ECONO~!IC OONTROL
1. Pending definite decision on l"<>.vici"n .... .j!h...... ",l~~:~ __._.'.
,
.,.
�/
436
... ,.,..~"
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
East Prussia and Upper Silesia, shall be administered and controlled
as an economic unit.
2. The economy of Germany shall be directed, controlled and
administered in such a way as to
(a) Provide facilities for, and contribute to the maintenance of the
occul'ying forces and occupying authorities.
(b) Stop the production2 acquisition and development of imple
ments of war and their specIalized parts and components.
(o') Provide a minimum standard of living for the German people
including such food, shelter, clothing and medical supplies as are re
quired to prevent disorder and disease on a scale that would make the
task of occupation and the collection of reparation substantially more
difficult.
.
(d) Provide such goods and services to Allied countries for relief,
restitution and reparation as will be in excess of the requirements of
the occupation forces and the minimum standard of living.
(e) Conform to such measures for the reduction and control of
Germany's economic war potential as the Allied governments may pre·
scribe. (See paragraphs 13 to 18, inclusive.)
3.· It-is-recognized-thata substantial-degree-of-centralized·financial-
and economic control is essential to the discharge of the tasks men
tioned in paragraph 2. The Control Council shall have general
responsibility for insuring that all measu~ necessary to this end
are taken.
4. In particular, the Control Council shall be empowered to for
mulate, within the framework of existing and future directives, basic
policies governing (a) public finance; money and credit, (b) prices
and wages, (c) rationing, (d) inland transportation and maritime
shipping, .< e) communicat.ions, (f) internal commerce, (g) foreign
commerce and international payments, (h) resititution and reparation,
(i) treatment and movement of displaced persons, and (j) allocation
of plant and equipment,. matetials, manpower and transportation.
5. It is recognized that the prevention of uncontrolled inflation is
in the interest of the United Nations. The Control Council shall
strive to insure th.:'tt appropriat.e controls, both finanCial and direct,
are maintained or revi.ved.
6. The Control Council shall utilize centralized instrumentalities
for the exeeution and implementation of its policies and directives
to the maximum possible extent, subject to supervision and scrutiny
of the occupying forces. Wllenever central German agencies or
administ.rat.ive se-rvir,es which are needed for the adequate perform
ance of such tasks have ceased to function they shall be revived or
replaced as rapidly as possible.
7. (a.) Before utilizing German agencies military government author
ities must carry through denazification in a<!cordance with the prin
•. ~ ., •
, ' ' , 't
1
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
437
(b) German nationals deprived of their positions because of previ
ous affiliations with or support of the Nazi party or because of dis
loyalty to the military government authorities shall be replaced as
far as possible by other German nationals. In recmiting replace
ments military government officers shall rely as much as practicable
on the leaders and personnel 'Of freely organized labor unions and
professional associations and of such anti-Nazi political groupings
and parties as may arise in Germany.
8. Military government shall eliminate active Nazis and supporters
of the Nazi regime and other individuals hostile to Allied purposes,
from dominant positions in industry, trade and finance.
9. Military government shall permit free and spontaneous organi
zation of labor and professional employees. It shall facilitate collec
tive bargaining between employers and employees regarding wages
and working conditions subject to overall wage controls and consid
erations of military necessity.
10. Germany shall be required. to restore all identifiable """'''""",,,'I'T'Il'
which- has-been-taken-frominvaded-collfitries. .Itsha.U-aJso
com
pelledto replace objects of unique cultural and artistic value whenever
looted property falling within these categories cannot be found and
restored.
11. Germany must make substantial reparation for damage to, or
losses, of, non-military property caused by or incident to hostilities.
Such reparation shall take the form of (a) confiscation of all German
property, claims and interests abroad, (b) deliveries from existing
German assets, particularly capital equipment, (c) deliveries from
fut.ure German output, and (d) German labor services in devastated
countries.
12. The reparation burden and schedules for delivery should be
determined in such a manner that Germ8JlY can discharge its obliga
tion within a period of ten years from the cessation of org8Jlized
hostili ti es.
.
13. The volume and character of German reparation deliverie;s
of capital equipment shall be largely determined in such a way as
to reduce Germany's relative predominance in capital goods industries
. of key importance and to rehabilitate, strengthen and develop sucll
industries in ot.her European colmtries, as part of a broad program
of reconstruction.
14. Germany shall be prohibit,ed from engaging in t.he production
and development of all implements of war. All specialized facilities
for the product.ion of armaments shall be destroyed, and all labora
tories, plants and t.esting stations specializing in research, development
and testing of implements of war shall be closed and their equipment
rrmOVf'N or OPc::t...""""l
�438
.'''''~'''''''
......"",c'*'.
i'~~
"'''FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
15. Germany shall also be forbidden to produce or maintain fadl
it.it'S for t.he production of nircmft" synt.het.ic oil, synthetic rubber
.and light metals. Production facilities in these industries shall be
removed to other countries or destroyed.
16. In order to foster and develop metal, machinery and chemical
industries in other countries, exports of competing German products
shall be subjected to restraint for a considerable period. At the
same time, German production Mld export of coal and light consumer
goods shall be facilitated.
17. German firms shall be prohibited from participating ill inter
national cartels or other restrictive contracts or arrangements.. Ex
isting German participations in such cartels or arrangements shall be
promptly terminated.
.
18. The scope and execution of the economic disarmament program
should be made compatible with the payment of reparation and both
the reparation .and economic disarmament programs should take into
consideration the necessity of maintaining a minimum German stand
ard of living as defined in :R~raro:aplt2_._.___ ~__~
~-~-- 19. In-fulfillment of this principle, Germany shall be made to begin
paying her own way as soon as possible. There shall be no simul
taneous payment of reparation by Germany and extension of credit
t9 Germany. Payment for such imports as are authorized by the
Control Council shall be made'·a first charge on the proceeds of Ger
man exports. If Germany is unable to export sufficient goods in
excess of reparation deliveries to pay for authorized imports~ repara
tion recipients shan be required to shoulder this deficit in proportion.
to their respective receipts from reparation.
740.0(U19 EAC/8-1841S
Draft Minutes of a Conference on the Work of the European Advisory
Cmnmusion a.nd on Plan8 for Control of Germany, Held at tIM
Department of State, i1fa:rch 13, 19.t,.5
Present:
WAR DEPARTMENT
NAVY.DF..PARTMF.NT
Mr. l\IcCloy
Col. R. Am.ml Cutter"
('.01. David l\.!nrcus
Col. Richard Wilmer"
Capt. W. H. VOllderbllt
Comdr. Sargent"
Lt. Harding Bancroft
,.. Assistant Executive Officer to Assistant Secretary ot War ?>IcCloy.
•• Of the Civil Affairs DlviSion, War Department.
.. Lt_ Comdr. Willis Sargent, Al'.s;staut Naval Adviser to the United StateR
Representative on tile European Advlsory Commillsion (Winant).
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
.
439
STATE DEPARTMENT
Mr. Matthews, Chairman
Ambassador Murphy
Mr. J. W. Rlddleberger
Mr. Philip Mosely
?>Ir. Emile Despres 11
Mr. Edmund Gulllon ...
RELATIONS OF EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION TO
WASBlNGTON
~{r. Matthews made it clear that the U.S. Representatives on the
Conunission had acted independently in making certain criticisms
of JCS 1067 and that in so doing he had.not received any suggestions
or communications, formal or informal, from Washington. Mr.
Mosely confirmed this and pointed out that Mr. Winant cabled queries
to Washington requesting clarification of many points, priIl).arily with
the intention of equipping himself for effective negotiation of JCS
1067 in the Commission. . He added that General Meyer had not par
.\
ticipated in fonnulatfug Ambassador Winant's three cables,<19 with
respect to JCS 1067, since those cables referred on1ItQ~nomkand ___~
,~-~~politlcal-aspectsof-l067.--~~
.
Mr. McCloy indicated that the War Department's interest was in
having an established policy and directive as soon as possible b.ut that
he understood the necessity for independent action on the part of
the EAC.
SUMMARY OF LoNDON OPERATIONS
Mr. Mosely outlined the present position of the work of the Com
mission as summarized in the attached memorandum, which he
circulated. The EAC was generally ready, or was working toward,
the establishment of middle-range plans to deal with Germany. There
had been approved by the Commission the Instrument. of Uncondi
tional Surrender for Germany, the Protocol on Zones of Occupation,
and the Agreement on Control Machinery. In addition, sixteen U.S.
draft-directives were pending before the Commission, and the other
Representatives had ngreed to accept most of them as bases for dis
cussion. Some eighteen additional draft-directives had not yet been
clear-ed in Washington. (A list of those pending in Washington
is. attached. sO )
•
., Ad\'iser on German Economic AffaIrs.
.. Of the DivisIon of Western European Affairs.
.. Apparent reference to telegrams 947, January 26, 9 p. m.; 1277, February 5,
11 p. m.; and 1278, February 5, 11 p. m., from London, pp. 396, 403, and 4(1),
respectively.
.. See bracketed note, p. 370.
�.IIV""".l.UJ.'II
.... v
.t!.J!) .... a'l'~Ul'H;,
11145, VOLUME
m
r~''''';,
I-.'J.~"
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
~'
D
~' 19 t.f.
~71
7,10.00119 Control (Germany)/8-2S41S
(}1lL,,y:-,
week; . '.. ,Monday. There would be no question, he said, of the Presi
Memorandum by the .Acting SecretUlrJj of State to PreBide'ri1rdt,8evelt
dent's h'avingrecollected his position. The Secretary said we should
now see Morgenthau with Harry Wlute and Mr. Clayton. Mr. Dunn
WASHINGTON, March 23, 1945.
said that the President had called Mr. Grew and }'-Ir. Patterson and
I am attaching for yourapprQyal a memorandum dealing with
Mr. McCloy to the White House at 12; 30 today and that he, the Presi
Ainerlcan polic for the treatment of Germany. It is my belief, and
dent, was now taking over. The Secretary said he didn't understand
t 1a. 0 t e others who attended yesterday's meeting with you, that it
that, and Mr. Dunn said that the President was taking over aUhe in·
represents your views as brought out in our conversation. This memo
. stigation of our '~boy friend". The Secretary said he thought Mr.
ml1dum was prepared jointly and llas the approval of the State,
Clayton should accompany me to the White House meeting, that we
Treasury and War Departments.
should tell the President that he had given us the directive and that
JOSEPH C. GBEW
we should be permitted to work it out. Mr. Stettinius said that :Mr.
Clayton ought to tell the President that we. do not think that the
March 10 directive reverses 1067, and that we are still following the
[An
]
general philosophy of 1067 in our treatment of Germany. Mr. Dunn
.
~ex.
said the only thing was that the War Department thought that 1067
Memorandum Regard~ng Am6MCao'I. Polwy for the Treatm8nt of
should be revised.
G~ II
Mr. Clayton then took the telephone and said that Mr. Stettinius'
[WAaHING'l'ON] March 23 1945.
position was all right as to what position we should take at the White
. .
. ' . '
.
The followmg IS a summ~ of U.S. policy relating to German. m
House meeting, but that the President would undoubtedly say tha.t he
pos - e ~t peno . ; .'Sll _lL~ - _mtroduced. m~thought the matter should be reopened and studied again~_J\ifr--'CCl~y~_the Inl
-ton-wanted-to-know what position we shoula-take that event. The
tmrE~~ AdVlso~ CommlsslOn, and will be ~ as the b~
Secretl1ry said he' felt very strongly that we ought to stand by our
for directIVes to be ISSUed to the U.S. Commanding General m
Germany.
original position. :Mr. Clayton said that Morgenthau had sent over
a memorandum" containing the points he planned to make. ~Ir.
The authority of the Control Council to formulate policy with.
Clayton stated that he would read only the first point since that was
respect to matters affecting Germa.ny as a whole shall be paramount,
the one that outlined very clearly the sharp divergence we have with
and its agreed policies shall be ca.ttied out in each zone by the zone
Treasury. (He addedthat the other points could be adjusted.)
commander. In the absence of such agreed policies, and in:matteJ:s
. "1. We should 8.oid assnming responsibility for the functioning of
e.:cln.si.el~ aff~ his own ~ ~ ~ eom~ander will ~
lDtel'nlll ('~.::nHl~ economy and its economic controls; the mainteIlllllOO
bi3 authonty m acoorda:nce mth directives :recm.ved from his own
government.
and rehabIlItatIOn of German economy is a German problem and
The administration of affairs in Germany should be directed toward
sllould not be un,dertaken by us in order to collect reparations or for
any other reason except the security of the occupying forces."
the deoe.ntraliz.arion of the political .scructme and the development
of local responsibility. The German economy' shall also be decen
The Secretary said that the above was simply impossible-that Hider
would not leave a successor. The Secretary said "if you want to say
tra.lized, except that to the minimum extent required for carrying
all right, reorganize it in any way that suits you and put in anybody
out the purposes set forth herein, the Control Council may permit
or establish central control of (a) essential national public services
you want, we will stick by our position".
The Secretary concluded by saying he thought it would be wise to
such as railroads, communications and power; (0) finance and foreign
aIrairs, and (c) production and distribnrion of essential rommodiries.
have Mr. Bohlen 8 on hand at the 12; 30 meetinO' since lli. Bohlen had
,
eo
kepr a re:-..-ord of ralr,a .a::d b pri:..~;:C "'v-~a~..ic;:. in:.r c·,· i
T:.::.re ::;,;"jj be eq"':rahlc dL.:u'.i:.mion of S<'i.'o c.oIIi.JLOd.iries becween the
, J~ C. GREW
:xi.cralzones..
Germany's ruthless warfare and :fanatical Nazi resistance have
f S~ memorandum by [.he S~ta.rT ot (.he Tre:lSury [0 President R"o)se.elr,
destroyed German economy and made chaos and suffering inevitable.
d:Ht'<l :Uu reh 20. p. "tH.
The Germans cannot escape responsibility f9r what they have brought
• Charles E. Bohlen, Assistant to the Secretary ot State tor White House liaison.
upon themselves.
in
• A marginal note reads: "O.K. FDR, ~upersedlng memo. ot Mar 10th 45".
�(#"":-.
472
....., FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME III
Controls may be imposed upon the German economy only as may
be necessary (a) to carry out programs of industrial disarmament
and demilitariza.tion, reparations, and of relief for liberated. areas
as prescribed by appropriate higher authority and (b) to assure the,
production and maintenance of goods and services required to meet
the needs of the Occupying forces and displ8.ced persons in Germany,.
and essential to prevent starvation or such disease or civil unrest as
would endanger the occupying forces. No action shall be taken, in
execution of the repa.ra.tions program or otherwise, which would tend
to support basic living standards in Germa.ny on a higher level than
that existing in anyone of the neighboring United Nations. All
economic and fina.ncial international transactions, including exports
and imports, shall be controlled with the aim of preventing Germany
from developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives
named herein. The first charge on all approved exports for repara
tions or otherwise shall be a sum necessa.ry to pay for imports. No
extension of credit to Germ~ny or Germans by any foreign person
- ·--or--Goveinment~sha.n-be-perriiitted,except-tlfat-t1ieCOn:trorCouncil-
may in special emergencies grant such permission. Rec~rrent repa
rationS shotild not, by their form or amou,nt, require the rehabilitation
or 'd~velopm:ent of German' heavy :industry and should not foster thedependence of other countries ,upon the GermaIi economy.
'
In the imposition and maintena.nce of economic controls; Germa.n
authorities will to the fullest extent practicable be ordered to proclaim
and assume' administration of such controls. Thus it should be
brought· home to the German people that the responsibility for the
administration. of stibh· controls, and for any breakdowns in those
controls, will rest ~ith themselves and their own authorities.
The Nazi party and its affiliated and supervised organizations and
all Nazi public institutions sha.ll be dissolved and their revival pre
vented. Nazi and militaristic activity or' propaganda in any form
shall be prevented.
There shall be established a coOrdinated system of control over
German eduCation designed completely to eliminate N a.zi a.nd mili
tarist doctrines and to make possible the development of democratic
ideas. "
Nazi laws which provide the basis of the Hitler regime or which
establish discriminations on grounds of race, creed or political opinion,
shall be abolished.
.All members of the Nazi party who have been more than nominal
participants in its activities, and all other persons hostile.to Allied
purposes. will be removed from public o.fIioo and from positions of
responsibility in private enterprise.
War criminnls nnd those who hll,vP n!lrlil';1"!'Ih,rl i.,.. ",l!l,....,i,..,.. ,,
.--'
,-~
EUROPEAN ADVISORY COMMISSION
473
war crimes, shall be arrested, brought to trial and punished. Nazi
leaders and influential Nazi supporters and any other persons dan
gerous to the occupation or its objectives, shall be arrested and
interned.
. A suitable program for the restitution of property looted by Ger
mans shall be carried out promptly.
The German armed forces, including the General Staff, and an
para-military organizations, shall be promptly demobilized and dis
banded in such a manner as permanently to prevent their revival or
reorganization.
.
The German war potential shall be destroyed. .As part of the pro
gram to attain this objective, all implements of war and all specialized
facilities for the production of armaments shall be seized or destroyed.
The maintenance and production of all aircraft and implements -of
war shall be prevented.
.JOSEPH C. GREW
FRANK CoE
lI.A.Imy.D._WHrrE_ _ _ _ __
-J. H. HILLDlU~N~G~_ _ _ __
!
II: FREEMAN· MATTHEWS
JOHN J. McCLoy
WII..LIAM: L. WYTON
lIENR-t MORGENTHAU, Jr.
740.00119 EAC/3-114lS: Telegram
The Acting Secretary of State to the Aml)(u8aaor in the United
Kingdom (Winant)·
WASHINGTON, March 24,1945-1 p. m.
2292. A new definitive statement of policy to take the place of the
memorandum on policy toward Germany, referred to:in our 2016,
March 17, I) p. m., has been drafted in collaboration with the War
and Treasury Departments. This memorandum dated March 23,
1945 has received the approval of the PreSident and supersedes the
~nemorandum mentioned in our 2016. The new policy statement is
considerably shorter than our memorandum of March 10 but contains
many of the points made therein. We believe that it sufficiently re
flects the Department's point of view to help your continued nego
tiations in the EAC.
It has been agreed with the War Department that a revision of
JCS 1061 must be prepared and likewise that the remaining draft
directives must be cleared in Washington and transmitted to you .
We shall start to work on both of these at once.
The text of the memorandum of March 23 is contained in Depart
ment's immediately following telegram.1o
ORRW
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~
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(7
APPENDIX
·z;'MERlCAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
,
~
.....
~-~
"
11 'fS-
U7
-yisional authorities or other governments in Europe when matters of direct
VIII
mterest to them are under consideration.
.
DIRECrIVE TO COMMANDER"IN·CHIEF OF UNITED STATES
. When, in the opinion of the three governments, conditions in any European
FORCES OF OCCUPATION REGARDING MILITARY
liberated state or any former .Axis' satellite state in Europe make such action
GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY
n~essaty, they. will. immediately consult together on the measures necessaty to
discharge the Joint responsibilities set forth in this declaration.
.
By. this declaration we reaffirm our faith in the prindplesof the Atlantic
~
April 28, 194,1
~:r, our pl~dg~ in the d~arati.on by the United .Nation~, and our deter-
It is considered appropriate, at the time of the release to the American .public
Dllnatlon to bu~ld 10 cooperation WI~ other peace-lOVIng nations world order
of the following directive setting forth United States policy with reference to
under. law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all
the military government of Germany, to preface the directive with a short state
ment of the circumstances surrounding the issuance of the directive to General
~d. . .
.
. ~n ISSUIng thiS declaration, the three powers. express the hope that the Pro-
Eisenhower.
'
.
VISional Government of the French Republic may be associated with them in
The directive was issued originally in April, 194', and was intended to serve
I
two purposes. It was to guide General Eisenhower in the military government
the procedure suggested.
Poland
l
of that portion of Germany ocOlpied by United States forces. At the same
A new situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete libera
!
time he was directed to urge the Control Council to adopt these policies for
tion by the Red Army. This calls for the establishment of a Polish provisional
\.
enforcement throughout Germany.
gov~ent 'Yhich can be more broadly based than was possible before the
I.
~fore.~is directive was diSOlssed.'i~ the CO'?-trol Council, President '-!'ruman,
recent lihf:rat!on .of Western Poland. The provisional government which is
Prune ~Q1ster ~tt1~, and Generallss~o StalIn met at Potsdam and, Issued .a
no",: func1;lonu;tg 10 Po!and ~hould therefore ~ reorganized on a broader demo
commun~que setting forth ag!eed poboes for the c.c:'n~l ~~~Ci;rmany'. ThIL
crabe basiS With the mcluslon of democratic leaders from Poland itselLand___~ _ _ _ _
C9p:ununlque~was-made--public-on-2-August-194'. The. directive, therefore,
s?0uld ~ read. ~ the light. of ~e policies enum.erat~d at Potsd~, In par
_from.~~oles~ahroad.---Thisnew-governmerit snoula- tlien ~oecarred the Polish
ticular, Its prOVISions regardmg disarmament, econoDllc and financial matters,
ProVISional Government of National Unity.
Mr. Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. Clark l{err are authorized as a com
and reparations should be read together with the similar provisions set out
10 t;he Potsd~ Agreement on the treatment of Germany in the initial control
mission to consult in the first instance in Moscow with members of the present
provisional government and with other Polish democratic leaders from within
period and 10 the agreement on reparations contained in the Potsdam com
Poland and from abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present gov
-?lunique, Many of the policy statements contained in the directive have been
emment along the above lines. This Polish Provisional Government of Na
10 substance adopted by the Potsdam Agreement. Some policy statements in
t;he Pots~am, Agreement differ from th,e .policy statements on the same subjects,
tional Unity s~all be pledge~ to the holding of free and unfettered elections
as soon as possible on the basiS of universal suffrage and secret ballot. In these
10 ~e dltecbve, In such cases, the pohcles of the Potsdam Agreement are con
tr?lh~g, Wh~re ~e Potsdam Agree~ent is sil~nt on matters. of policy dealt
elections all democratic~d anti-Nazi parties shall have the right to take part
With 10 the directive, the latter contlOues to guide General Eisenhower in his
and to put forward candidates.
administration of the United States zone in Germany.
When,a Polish Pr,ovisi~nal Government of National Unity has been properly
formed .10 ~onf~tDl1ty ~lth ~e abo-:e, the government .~f the USSR, which
DIRECTIVE TO COMMANDER.IN.CHIEF OF UNITED STATES FORCES OF
OCCUPAnON REGARDING THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY
now mamtams diplomatic relations Wlt;h the .present prOVISional government of
Poland, and the government of the Untted Kmgdom and the government of the
1 Th P P
d S P f h' D'
,
' h dip 1
'
.'
co e 0 t IS treetwe:
. . e, ur ose .
omatic re I '
atlons WI'th the new P0 l' h Provlslonal
IS
, , an
.
U.,A . will est abl IS
S
This dltectlve IS ,Issu~d to you as Commanding Ge~eral of the Un!ted States
Government of National Unity, and will exchange ambassadors by whose re
ports the respective governments will be kept informed about the situation in
Forces of OCOlpabon 10 Ger,?any. ~s such you Will ,serve as Untted, ~tates
~ember
,the Control Coun~ll and Will also be resp?nslble for the a~:llll1ntstraPoland.
The three heads of government consider that the Eastern frontier of Poland'
tlon of mlittary governm~nt m the %o?e, or ~ones asslgne~ to the Un~ted S~a~es
should follow the Curzon line with digressions from it in some regions of five
for, purp,oses ?f ocOlP.abon and admlntS~~abon; It outlme~ th,e basiC pohCles
v.:h1ch Will guide you 10 those two capacities after ~e termlO~t~on of the com·
to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must receive
blOed, cO~a;td of the Supr:~e Con:mander, Allied ,Exped~t1??ary Force.
substantial accessions of territory in the North and West. They feel that the
opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should
~IS directive s:ts, forth 1?ollCles relatlOg to Ge~many 10 the IOltlal post.defeat
be sought in due course on the extent of these accessions and that the final
pe!lod, ~ssuch It IS no~ IOtended to be an ultimate st~tement of policies of
thiS Government concerntng the treatment of Germany m the postwar world.
delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should thereafter await the
.1The document, k~own as Jcs..1067. was sent by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to General
peace conference....•*
"
EIsenhower on Aprd 28. 1945. The Department of State released it to the press on
October 17 adding the introductory statement.· Department of State Bullelin V I XlII
'Th e ,Jina~ sections of the Repo~ dealt With Yu~slavia, the meeti!Ig of foreign ministers
to be held In future, and the mamtena.oce of uruty among the Allies beyond the War.
(194~). PI', 596.607.
•
• o.
I
of
�-.,.-~.~,
~~~.
,
158
'"
jiMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
It is therefore essential that, during the period covered by this directive, you
assure that surveys are constantly maintained of economic, industrial, financial,
social and political conditions within your zone 'and that the results of such sur
veys and such other surveys as may be made in other zones are made available
to your Government, through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. These surveys should
be developed in such manner as to serve as a basis for determining changes
in the measures of control set forth herein as well as for the progressive formu
lation and development of policies to promote the basic objectives of the United
States. Supplemental directives will be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of
Staff as may be required.
As a member of the Control Council you will urge the adoption by the other
occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth in this directive and,
pending Control Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone. It is
anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to the Com
manders-in-Chief of the UK, USSR and French forces of occupation.
PART I
GENERAL AND POLITICAL
2. The BMis of Military Government
a. The rights, power and status of the military governme~i!l~ermany_are
based upon the~fQrulitionaLsurrender or total-defe-atoCGermany.
---b:-Suojectto the provisions of paragraph 3 below, you are, by virtue of your
position, clothed with supreme legislative, executive, and judicial authority in
the areas occupied by forces under your command. This authority wiU be
, broadly construed and includes, authority to take all measures deemed by you
necessary, appropriate or desirable in relation to military exigencies and the
objectives of a firm military government.
c. You will issue a proclamation continuing in force such proclamations,
orders and instructions as may have heretofore been issued by Allied Com
manders in your zone, subject to such changes as you may determine. Authoriza·
tions of action by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, may
be considered as applicable to you unless inconsistent with this or later
directives.
3. The Control Council and Zones of Orrupation:
a. The Four Commanders-in-Chief, acting jointly, will constitute the Control
Council in Germany, which will be the supreme organ of control over Germany
in accordance with the agreement on Control Machinery in Germany. For
purposes of administration of military government, Germany has been divided
into four zones of occupation.
b. The authority of the Control Council to formulate policy and procedures
and administrative relationships with respect to matters affecting Germany asa
whole will b,e paramount throughout Germany. You will carry out and support
in your zone the policies agreed upon in the Control Council. In the absence
of such agreed policies you will act in accordance with this and other directives
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
c. The administration of affairs in Germany shall be directed toward the
decentralization of the political and administrative structure and the develop
ment of local responsibility. To this end you will encourage autonomy in re
gional, local and municipal agencies of German administration. The German
APPENDIX
159
economic structure shall also be decentralized. The Control Council may, how
ever, to the minimum extent required for the fulfillment of purposes set forth
herein, permit centralized administration or establish central control of (a)
essential national public services, such as railroads, communications and power,
(b) finance arid foreign affairs and (c) production and distribution of essential
commodities.
'
d. The Control Council should adopt procedures to effectuate, and you will
facilitate in your zone, the equitable distribution of essential commodities be
tween the zones. In the absence of a conflicting policy of the Control Council,
you may deal directly with one or more zone commanders on matters of special
concern to such zones.
e. Pending the formulation in the Control Council of uniform policies and
procedures with respect to interzonal travel and movement of civilians, no
civilians shall be permitted to leave or enter your zone without your authority,
and no Germans within your zone shall be permitted to leave Germany except
for specific p'urposes approved by y o u .
f. The mIlitary government personnel in each zone, including those dealing
with regional and local branches of the departments of any central German
administrative machinery, shall be selected by authoritr_C!f_the_commander -0£-- --
_ t~Czone_except- that-liaison-officersmay be fumisned by the Commanders of
the other three zones. The respective Commanders·in-Chief shall have exclusive
jurisdiction throughout the whole of Germany over the members of the armed
forces under their command and over the civilians who accompany them.
g. The Control Council should be responsible for facilitating the severance
of all governmental and administrative connections between Austria and Ger
many and the elimination of German economic: influences in Austria. Every
assistance should be given to the Allied Administration in Austria in its efforts
to effectuate these purposes~
4. Basic Objectives of Military Government in Germany:
a. It should be brought home to the Germans that Germany's ruthless war
fare and the fanatical Nazi resistance have destroyed the German economy and
made chaos and suffering inevitable and that the Germans cannot escape respon
r
sibility for what they have brought upon themselves.
b. Germany will not be occupied for the purpose of liberation. but as a de
feated enemy nation. Your aim is not oppression but to occupy Germany for
the purpose of realizing certain important Allied objectives. In the conduct
of your occupation and administration you should be just but firm and aloof.
You will strongly discourage fraternization with the German officials and
population..
•
c. The principal Allied objective is ,to prevent Germany from ever again
becoming a threat to the peace of the world. Essential steps in the accomplish
ment of this objective are the elimination of Nazism and militarism in all their
forms, the immediate apprehension of war criminals for punishment, the in
dustrial disarmament and demilitarization of Germany, with continuing control
over Germany's capacity to make war, and the preparation for an eventual
reconstruction of German political life on a democratic basis.
d. Other Allied objectives are to enforce the program of reparations and
restitution, to !rovide relief for the benefit of countries devastated by Nazi
aggression, an to ensure that prisoners of war and displaced persons of the
United Nation's are cared for and repatriated.
�.P~~~"
160
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
5, Economic Controls;
, a. As a member of the Control Council and as zone commander you will be
guided by the principle that controls upon the German economy'may be im
posed to the extent that such controls may be necessary to achieve the objectives
enumerated in paragraph 4 above, and als~ as they may be essential, to protect
the saf~ and meet the needs of the ~rupy1Dg forces and assume the production
and ma10tenance of goods 'and serv1ces required to prevent starvation or such .
disease and unrest as would endanger these forces. No action will be taken in
ex:erution of the reparations program or otherwise which would tend to support
basic living conditions in Germany or in your zone on a higher level than that
existing in anyone of the neighboring United Nations,
;'
. b.In the imposition and maintenance of such controls as may be prescribed
by you or the Control Council, German authorities will to the fullest extent
;j
practicable be ordered to proclaim and assume administration of silch controls.
, 'thus. it sho~? be .brought home to the German people that the responsibility
fO,r the adn:lnlstration of such controls and fo!:my brciakdownsin those controls
I.
will rest WIth themselves and German authorIties.
..
6. Denazification:
a. A Proclamation, dissolving the Nazi party, its formations, affiliated assodations and supervised organizations, and all Nazi Eubli£.in~itutionLwhich.were-~~L1~p_as_instruments-of-Party-dominati(jil, andpronibiting their revival in any
'.
form, should be promulgated by the Control Council. You will assure the
'I
prompt eHectuation of that policy in your zone and will make every eHort t o : r
:\
prevent the reconstituti~~ of r.ny su~ o~ganiza~ion in underg~~und, d!sguise~ or
secret form. Responsibility for contmumg desltable non-polItical SOCIal services
;!
of dissolved Party organizations may be" transferred by the Control Council to
appropriate central ag~cies and by ~ou to appr~priate local agencies. .
. b: The laws purporting to .estabhs~ the political structure of National.So
C1~lsm and ~e ba;lls ?f .the. H1tler regime and all laws, d~cr~ and regulations
~~ch ~aJ:>bsh dlscnmmahons on grounds of race, natIo?a1ity, cre~a: or EO
.,
htlcal.op101on~ sh?uld be abrogated by the Control Council. You will ren(ier
'
them moperabve 1n your zone:
.
, 7' All ~e~rs, o.f. the Nw,party who have been, more th~~ n~mlOal!artlCIpants 10 1ts actl:VltIes, all ,act1ve supporte~ of Nazism or rmhtansm an all
other persons hostIle to All1ed purposes will be removed and excluded from
public ,office and from ~o~itions of .importance in qu~si-~ublic and private
~terpr1Ses such as (!) ~1V1C', econ?mlC and labor organ1zatIOnS, (2) c?t.P?ra
tions and ?ilier org~Q1~tlons m whl~ the German Govem~ent or subdlv1S1ons
have a maJo.r finanCIal mterest, (3) 1Odus~ry~ commerce, agrlrulture and ~nan~e,
(4) education, and (5) the press, pubhshmg houses and other agenc1es d1s
. .
semlOat1Og news an d propagan da. Persons , are to be treate d as more than
nominal participants in party activities and' as active supporters of Nazism or
militarism when they have (1) held office or otherwise been active at any levd
from local to national in the party and its subordinate organizations, or in
organizations which further militaristic doctrines, (2) authorized or participated
affirmatively in any Nazi crimes, racial persecutions or discriminations, (3)
been avowed believers in Nazism or racial and militaristic creeds, or (4) vol
untarily given substantial moral or material support or political assistance of any
kind to the Nazi Party or Nazi officials and leaders. No such persons shall be
il
II
i!,
retained in any of the categories of employment listed above because of admin
, istrative necessity, convenience or expediency.
d. P.roperty, ~eal and p~r~onal, owned or, controlle~ b~ the Nazi party, its
formations, affilIated assocIations and supervIsed organIZatIOns, and by all per
sons subject !O arrest under the provisions of p~agraph ~'. and found within
your z~)Qe, w!ll be taken ,under YO,ur control pe~d1O~ ,a decISIon by the Control
Council or h1gher authorIty as to Its eventual d1spos1tion.
e. All archives, monuments and museums of Nazi inception, or which are
devoted to the perpetuation of German militarism, will be taken under your .
control and their properties held pending decision as to their disposition by the
, . .
Control Council.
f. You will make special eHorts to preserve from destruction and take under
your control records, plans, books, doruments, papers, files, and scientilic, in·
dustria! and other information and data belonging to or controlled by the
followlOg:
(1) Th: <::entral Gen;nan. Government .and ,i~ subdivisions, German mili·
.
tary organIZations, organIZations engaged 10 military research, and such other
governmental agencies as ,may be deemed advisable;
(2~ ~e Nazi Party, its ~rmations,~ffiliated_associations-andsupervised--'organIZat10ns; ,
....
.
. ."
.
(3) All pollce organ1z~tions, 1O.clu~1Og Secut1:>, and. political, police;
.
(4) Important econormc organIZations and 1Odustr1al establishments, mcluding those controlled by the Nazi Party or its personnel;
.(5) . I~stitut~s ~d special bureaus devoting themselves to racial, political.
militar1StIC or SImilar research or propaganda.
7. Demilitarization:
'
a. In your zone you will assure that all units of the &rman armed forces,
including para-military organizations, are dissolved as such, and that their ~er.
. sonnel are promptly disarmed and controlled, Prior to their final disposition,
you will arrest and hold all military personnd who are included under the
provisions of paragraph 8.
b. The Control Council should proclaim, and in your zone you will eHectuate,
the total dissolution of all military and para-military organizations, including
the General Staff, the German Officers' Corps, the Reserve Corps and military
academies together with all associations which. might serve to keep alive the
,
military ~adition in Germany.
c. You will seize or destroy all arms, ammunition and implements of war
' .
and stop the production thereof.
d. You will take pro:Eer steps to destroy the German war potential, as set
'n th's I'rect'v
f rth I h
0
e sew ere 1
1 " . 1 e.
. ' .
,
8, Suspected War Crlmmals and SecurIty Arr~sJs,
, a, Y ~u will searcJ:t o,:t, a~r:st and hold" pend~g ~eIpt by you.of further
Instruct10ns as to the1r dispOSition, Adolf H1~~r, hIS ~:il1ef N~l assoc1ate~, other
war cr.iminals and all pc:rsons who h:,-ve part'CIp~~d m plannu:~g or carrymg out
Nazi enterprises involvmg or resultlOg 1D atrocIties or war crImes.
b. All persons who, if permitted to remain at large would endanger the
accomplishment of your objectives will also be arrested and held in custody
until trial by an appropriate semi-judicial body to be (stablished by you. The
-1'-1__
16.1
�..
...., ",,,.... ,
162
APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
163
tions under such regulations, supervision and control as you may consider
following is a partial list of the categories of persons in order to carry out this
appropriate. Courts which are to exercise jurisdiction over territory extending
..
.
policy.
beyond the boundaries of your zone will be reopened only with the express
[Note: There follows at this point in the directive a detailed list of cate
authorization of the. Control Council and under its regulation, supervision and
gories of Nazi war criminals and others who are to be arrested. Some of these
control. The power to review and veto decisions of German courts shall be
have not yet been found. It is considered that to publish the categories at this
included within the power of supervision and. control.
time would put the individuals concerned on notice and would interfere with
their apprehension and punishment, where appropriate. The list of categories
12. Police:
is, therefore, withheld from publication for the present.] .
With the exception of the Rei(hskriminalpolizei (Criminal Police), all ele
1£ in the light of conditions which you encounter in Germany, you believe
ments of the Si(herheilspolizei (Security Police), e.g., Geheime Slaatspolizei
that it is not immediately feasible to subject certain persons within these cate
will be abolished. Criminal and
(Gestapo), and the Sicherheitsaienst aer
gories to this treatment, you should report your reasons and recommendations to
ordinary police will be purged of Nazi personnel and utilized under the control
your Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 1£ you believe it desirable,
•
and .supervision of the Military Government.
you may postpone the arrest of those whose cases you have reported, pending
13. Political Prisoners:
a decision communicated to you by the J.C.S. In no event shall any differentia
Subject to military security and the interests of the individuals concerned,
tion be made between or special consideration be accorded to persons arrested,
you will release all persons found within your zone who have been detained
. either as to manner of arrest or conditions of detention, upon the basis of
or]laced in custody on grounds of race, nationality, creed or political opinions
wealth or political, industrial, or other rank or position. In your discretion you
an treat the.ql as displaced .t>ersons. You should make provision for the review
may make such exceptions as you deem advisable for intelligence or other
of convictions of alleged cruninal offenses about which there may be substan=..-_ _ __
military reasons.
tial.susI:~o~~adal,..!.eljgi(l_us_or_political-perserution,.and-~n-whieli. se!ltences
9. Po/ili(a/ A(/iviJies:
-oflm.ptlsonment have not been fully served by persons unprlsoned wlthmyour
a. No political activities_of_any_kind-shaU-be-countenancedunless authorize<C---' tone.
-by-you:-You will assure that your military government does not become com·
14. Eaucaiion:
mitted to any political group.
.
a. All educational institutions within your zone, except those previously re
b. You will prohibit the propagation in any form of Nazi militaristic or pan
established by Allied authority, will be closed. The closure of Nazi educational
German doctrines.
institutions, such as Adolf Hitler Schulen, Napolas and Ordensburgen, and of
. c, No German parades, military Or political, civilian or sports, shall be
Nazi organizations within other educational institutions will be permanent.
permitted by you.
b. A coordinated system of control over German education and·an affirmative
d. To the extent that military interests are not prejudiced and subject to the
~
program of reorientation will be established, designed completely to eliminate
provisions of the three preceding subparagraphs and of paragraph 10, freedom
Nazi and militaristic doctrines and to encourage the development of democratic
of speech, press and religious worship will be permItted. Collsistent with
ideas.
military necessity, all religious institutions will be respected.
c. You will permit the reopening of elementary (Volkmhulen), middle
10. Publi( Relations ana Conlrol of Public Information:
(Mitle/schulen) and vocational (Berufmhulen) schools at the earliest possible
As a member of the Control Council, you will endeavor to obtain agreement
date after Nazi personnel has been eliminated. Textbooks and curricula which
for uniform and coordinated policies with respect to (a) control of public in
are not free of Nazi and militaristic doctrine shall not be used. The Control
formation media in Germany, (b) accrediting of foreign correspondents, (c)
Council should devise lrograms looking toward the reopening of secondary
press censorship, and (d) issuance of official news communiques dealing with
schools, universities an other institutions of higher learning. After Nazi fea
Control Council matters. United States policies in these matters will be sent
. tures and personnel have been eliminated and pending the formulation of such
to you separately and you will be guided by these in your negotiations on the
programs by the Control Council, you may formulate and put into effect an
. '
Control Council.
interim program within your zone and in any case may permit the reopening
11. German Courts:
of such institutions and departments which offer training which you consider
immediately essential or useful in the administration of military government
a. All extraordinary courts, including the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court)
~
and the purpose of the occupation.
and the Sonaergerichle (Special Courts), and all courts and tribunals of the
Nazi Party and of its formations, affiliated associations and supervised organiza
d. It is not intended that the military government will interVene in questions
tions will be abolished immediately.
concerning denominational control of German schools, or in religious instruc·
tion in German schools, except insofar as may be necessary to insure that reli
b. All ordinary criminal, civil and administrative courts, except those pre
gious instruction and administration of such schools conform to such Allied
viously re-established by order of the military government, will be closed. After
regulations as are or may be established pertaining to purging of personnel
the elimination of all Nazi features and personnel you will permit those which
and curricula.
are to exercise jurisdiction within the boundaries of your zone to resume opera-
S.s.
I
.'
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. AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
1.5. Arts and Arcbives:
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 6 above, you will make' all reasonable
efforts to preserve historia.l archives, museums, libraries and works of art.
PART II
ECONOMIC
General Objectives and Methods of Control..
16. You will assure that the German economy is administered and controlled
in such a way as to. accomplish the basic objectives set _
forth in paragraphs 4
and , of this directive. Economic controls will be imposed only to the. extent
necessary to accomplish these objectives, provided that you will impose controls
to the full extent necessary to achieve the industrial disarmament of Germany.
- Except as may be necessary to carry out these objectives, you will take no steps
(a) looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany, or (b) designed'
to maintain or strengthen the German economy.
17. To the maximum extent possible without jeopardizing the successful
execution of measures r~uired to implement the objectives outlined in para
graphs ~ and , of this directive ~o.u will use ~erman authorities and ~gencies
and subject them to such SUpervlSlon and punlShment for non-comphance as
.
is necessary to insure that they carry out their tasks.
__ ._
For this purpose you will give apJ?.1:opriate-authority·to-anyGermanagendes
_____ nd-administrativeservices·you conSider essential; ,rovided, however, that you
a
will at all times adhere strictly to the provisions 0 this directive regarding de
nazification and dissolution or elimination of Nazi organizations, institutions,
principles, £eaturesand practices.
To the extent necessary you will establish administrative machinery, not depen·
dent upon German authorities and agencies, to execute or assure the execution
of the provisions of paragraphs 19, 20, 30, 31, 32, 39 and 40 and any other
measures necessary to an accomplishment of your industrial disarmament ob
jectives.
.
18. In order to decentrali%e the structure and administration of the German
economy to the maximum possible extent, you will:
a. Ensure that the action required to maintain or restore essential public utili·
ties and industrial and agricultural activities is taken as far as possible on a local
and regional basis;
b. on no account propose or approve in the Control Council the establish·
ment of centra1i%ed aaministration of controls over the German economy except
where such centralization of administration is dearly essential to the fulfillment
of the objectives listed in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive. Decentralization
in administration should not be permitted to interfere with attainment of the .
largest practicable measure of agreement on economic policies in the Control
Council.
19. You will institute or assure the maintenance of such statistical records
and reports as may be necessary in carrying out the objectives listed in para·
graphs 4 and S of this directive.
20. You will initiate appropriate surveys which may assist you in achieving
the objectives of the occupation. In particular you will promptly undertake
surveys of supplies, equipment and resources in your zone. You will endeavor
to obtain prompt agreement in the Control Council to the making of similar
APPENDIX
165
surveys in the other zones of occupation, and you will urge appropriate steps
to coordinate the methods and resUlts of these and other future surveys con
ducted in the variouS zones. ,you will kee'p the Control Council, United States
representative on the Reparation CommisSion and other appropriate authorities,
currently apprised of the information obtained by means of intermediate reports
or otherwise.
.
German Standards of living
21. You will estimate requirements of supplies necessary to prevent starva·
tion or widespread disease or such civil unrest as would endanger the occupy
ing forces. Such estimates will be based upon a program whereby the Germans
are made responsible for providing for themselves, out of their own work and
resou.i:ces. You will take all practicable economic and police measures to assure
that German r~sources are fully utilized and consumption held to the minimum
in order that imports may be strictly limited and that surpluses may be tnade
available for the occupying forces and displaced persons and United Nations
prisoners of war, and for reparation. You will take no action that would tend
to support basic living standards in Germany on a higher level than that exist·
ing in anyone of the neighboring United Nations and you will take appropriate
measures to ensure that basic living standards of the German people are not
higher than those existing in anyone of the n~igl1}:lQ~.IDgUnitedNations-when - - -
_such-measures-will-contribute-totliisingtlie stanaards of any such nation.
22. You will urge upon the Control Council that uniform ration scales be
applied throughout Germany; that essential items be distributed equitably among
the zones, that net surpluses be made available for export to Allied countries,
and that imports be limited to the net deficits of Germany as a whole.
Labor, Health and Social Insurance
23. You will permit the self-organi%ation of employees along democratic
lines, subject to such safeguards as may be necessary to prevent the perpetUation
of Nazi or militarist influence under any guise or the continuation of any group
hostile to the objectives and operations of the occupying forces.
24. You will permit free collective bargaining between employees and em
ployers regarding wage, hour and working conditions and the establishment of
machinery for the settlement of industrial disputes. Collective bargaining shall
be subject to such wage, hour and other controls, if any, as may be instituted
or revived by your direction.
2~. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 48 of this directive you are author
ized to direct German authorities to maintain or reestablish non-discriminatory
systems of social insurance and poor relief.
.
26. You are authorized to direct the German authorities to maintain or reo
establish such health services and facilities as may be available to them.
Agriculture, Industry and Internal Commerce
27. -You will require the Germans to use all means at their disposal to maxi
mize agricultural output and to establish as rapidly as possible effective machin··
ery for the collection and distribution of agricultural output.
28. You will direct the German authorities to utili%e large.landed estates and
public lands in a manner which will facilitate the accommodation and settlement
of Germans and others or increase agricultural output.
29. You will protect from destruction by the Germans, and maintain for such
disposition as is determined by this and other directives or by ~e Control Coun
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,.<·:iERICAN MILlTARY GOVERNMENT
cil, all plants, equipment, patents and other property, and all books and records
of large German industrial companies and trade and research associations that
have been essential to the German war effort or the German economy. You will
pay particular attention to research and experimental establishments of such
concerns.
30. In order to disarm Germany, the Control Council should
a. prevent the production, acquisition by importation or otherwise, and de
velopment of all arms, ammunition and implements of war, as well as all types
of aircraft, and all parts, components and' ingredients specially designed or pro
'duced for incorporation therein;
,
b. prevent the produCtion of merchant ships, synthetic rubber and oil, alumi
num and magnesium and any other products and equipment on which you will
subsequently receive instructions;
c. Seize and safeguard all facilities used in the production of any of the items
mentioned in this paragraph and dispose of them as follows:
(1) remove all those required for reparation;
(2) destrQY all those not transferred for reparation if they are especially
adapted to the production of the items specified in this paragraph and are not
of a type generally used in industries permitted to the Germans (cases of doubt
to be resolved in, favor of destruction);
(3) hold the balance for disposal in accordance with i~tr:uctions_which-wiIl--_be_senUo you.
--~
Pending agreement in the Control Council you will take these measures in
your zone. You will not postpone enforcement of the prohibitions contained
in sub-paragraphs a and b and the instructions in sub-paragraphs c without
, specific approval of your Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff except
that, in your discre~ion, you may permit the production of synthetic rubber and
oil, alUminum and magnesium, to the minimum extent necessary to meet the
purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the directive pending action by the'
Joint Chiefs of Staff upon such recommendation for' postponement as you may
make.
31. As an additional measure of disarmament, the Control Council should
a. prohibit initially all research activities and close all laboratories, research
institutions and similar technical organizations except those considered necessary
to the protection of public health;
,
b. aoolish all those laboratories and related institutions whose work has been
connected with the building of the German war machine, safeguard initially
such laboratories and detain such personnel as are of interest to your techno
logical investigations, and thereafter remove or destroy their equipment;
c. permit the resumption of scientific research in specific cases, only after
careful investigation has established that the contemplated research will in no
way contribute to Germany's future war potential and only under appropriate
regulations which (1) define the specific types of research permitted, (2) ex
clude .from further research activity any. persons who pr~viousl~ held key po~i.
tions 10 German war research, (3) prOVide for frequent mspectlOn, (4) requtre
free disclosure of the results of the research and (5) impose severe penalties,
including permanent dosing of the offending institution, whenever the regula
tions are violated.
Pending agreement in the Control Council you will adopt such measures in
yoU! own zone.
APPENDIX
167
32. Pending final Allied agreements on reparation and on control or elimina
tion of German industries that can be utilized for war production, the Control
Council should
a. prohibit and prevent production of iron and steel, chemicals, non-ferrous
metals (excluding aluminum and magnesium), machine tools, radio and elec
trical equipment, automotive vehicles, heavy machinery and important parts
thereof, e~c~pt for the purposes ~t~te~ in paragraphs 4 and. 5 of th.is direct~ve;
, b. prohibit and prevent rehabilitatton of plant and equipment In such mdus
tries except for the purposes stated in 'paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive; and
c. safeguard plant and equipment in such industries for transfer on repara
tion account.
Pending agreement in the Control Council, you will put such measures into
effect in your own zone as soon as you have had an opportunity to review and
determine production necessary for the purposes stated in paragraphs 4 and 5
of this directive.
33. The Control Council should adopt a policy permitting the conversion of
facilities other than those mentioned in paragraphs 30 and 32 to the production
of light consumer goods, provided that such conversion does not prejudice the
sub~uent r~moval of plant and equipment on_~eparatio~l.l!l!.lIDd_~oes_not ____ _
~q~a.ny~lmports beyond-those-necessary- for tlle purposes speC1.fied to para
graphs 4 and 5 of this directive. Pending agreement in the Control Council,
you may'permit such conversion in your zone.
34. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 30 and 32, the Control Council
should assure that all feasible measures are taken to facilitate, to the minimum
extent necessary for the purposes outlined in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive:
a. repairs to and restoration of essential transportation services and public
utilities;
.
b. emergency repair and construction of the minimum shelter required for
the civilian population;
.
c. production of coal and any other goods and services (excluding goods
specified in paragraphs 30 and 32, unless measures to facilitate production are
specifically approved by this Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff)
required for the purposes outlined in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive.
You will assure that such measures are taken in your own zone pending agree
ment in the Control Council.
35. In your capacity as zone commander and as member of the Control Coun
cil you will take steps to provide for the equitable interzonal distribution and the
movement of goods and services essential to the purposes set forth in paragraphs
4 and 5 of this directive.
36. You will prohibit all cartels or other private business arrangements and
•
cartel-like organizations, including those of a public or quasi-public character,
1
such as the WirtJchaftJgruppen, providing for the regulation of marketing condi
l.
tions, including production, prices, exclusive exchange of technical information
and processes, and allocation of sales territories. Such necessary public functions
as have been discharged by these organizations shall be absorbed as rapidly as
possible by approved public agencies.
'
37. It is the foHcy of your Government to effect a dispersion of the owner
ship and contro of German industry. To assist in carrying out ~is policy you
will make a survey of combines and pools, mergers" holding companies and
interlocking directorates and communicate the results, together with recommen
I
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A!"IERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
dations, to your Government through the Joint Chiefs of S~aff. You will en
deavor to obtain agreement in the Control Council to the making of this survey
in the other Zones of occupation and you will urge the coordination of the
methods and results of this survey in the various zones.
38. With due regard to paragraph 4a, the Control Council should adopt such
policies as are clearly necessary to prevent or restrain inflation of a character or
dimension which would definitely endanger accomplishment of the objectives
of the occupation. The Control Council, in particular, should direct and em
power German authorities to maintain or establish controls over prices and wages
and to take the fiscal and financial' measures necessary to this end. Pending
agreement in the Control Council you will assure that such measures as you
consider necessary are taken in your own zone .. Prevention or restraint of infla
tion shall not constitute an additional ground for the importation of supplies,
nor shall it constitute an additional ground for limiting removal, destruction
or curtailment of productive facilities in fulfillment of the program for repara
tion, demilitarization and industrial disarmament.
Power, Transportation and Communications
39. Both as a member of the Control CoundI and Zone commander you will
take appropriate steps to ensure that .
a.. power, transportation and communications facilities are directed in such a
way as to carry out the objectives outlined in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive;
b. Germans are prohibited and prevented from producing, maintaining or
operating all types of aircraft.
You will determine the degree to which centralized control and administra
tion of power, transportation and co.trul1J.Ulications is clearly necessary for the
objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 and urge the establishment of this degree
of centralized control and administration by the Control Council.
Foreign Trade and Reparations
40. The Control Council should establish centralized control over all trades
in goods and services with foreign countries: Pending agreement in the Con- ,
trol Council you will impose appropriate controls in your own zone.
41. Both as member of, the Control Council and as zone commander you
will take appropriate steps to ensure that
a. the foreign trade controls are designed to carry out the objectives stated
in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this directive;
b. imports which are permitted and furnished to Germany are confined to
those unavoidably necessary to the objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and 5;
c. exports to countries other than the United Nations are prohibited unless
specifically authorized by the Allied Governments.
42. Both as member of the Control Council and as zone commander you will
adopt a policy which would forbid German firms to participate in international
cartels or other restrictive contracts and arrangements and order the prompt
termination of all existing German participations in such cartels, contracts and
arrangements.
43. You will carry out in your zone such programs of reparation and restitu
tion as are embodied in Allied agreements and you will seek agreement in the
Control Council on any policies and measures which it lOay be necessary to apply
throughout Germany in order to ensure the execution of such programs.
PART III
169
FINANCIAL
"
44. You will make full application in the financial field of the principles
stated elsewhere in this directive and you will endeavor to have the Control
Council adopt uniform financial I?olicies necessary to carry out the purposes
stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of thiS directive. You will take no steps aeslgned
to maintain, strengthen or operate the German financial structure except insofar
as may be necessary for the purposes specified in this directive.
45. The Control Council should regulate and control to the extent required
for the purposes set forth in paragraphs 4 and 5 the issue and volume of cur
rency and the extension of credit in Germany and in accordance with the follow
ing principles:
.
a. United States and other Allied forces will use Allied Military marks and
Reichsmark currency or coins in their possession. Allied Military marks and
Reichsmark currency and coin now in circulation in Germany will be legal tender
without distinction and will be interchangeable at the rate of 1 Allied Military
mark for 1 Reichsmark. Reichskreditkassenscheine and other German military
currency will not be legal tender in Germay.
.
b. The Reichsbank, the Rentenbank or any other bank or agency may be per
mitted or required to issue bank notes and currency which will be legal tenCler;
without such authorization no German governmental or private bank or agency
will be permitted to issue bank notes or currency.
c. The German authorities may be required to make available Reichsmark cur
rency or credits free of cost and in amounts sufficient to meet all expenses of
the forces of occupation, including the cost of Allied Military Government and
including to the extent that compensation is made therefor, the cost of such
private property as may be requisitioned, seized, or otherwise acquired, by Allied
authorities for reparations or restitution purposes.
Pending agreement in the Control Council you will follow these policies in
your own zone.
You will receive separate instructions relative to the currency which you will
use in the event that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied Military marks
and Reichsmarks are not available, or if the use of such currency is found un
desirable.
You will not announce or establish in your zone, until receipt of further in
structions, any general rate of exchange between the Reichsmark on the one hand
and the U. S. dollar andother currencies on the other. However, a rate of ex
change to be used exclusively for pay of troops and tDllitary accounting purposes
in your zone will be communicated separately to you.
46. Subject to any agreed policies of the Control Council, you are authorized
to take the following steps and to put into effect such further financial measures
as you may deem necessary to accomplish the purposes of your occupation:
a. To prohibit. or to prescribe regulations regarding transfer or other dealings
in private or public securities or real estate or other property.
b. To close banks, but only for a period long enough for you to introduce
satisfactory control, to remove Nazi and other undesirable personnel and to issue
instructions for the determination of accounts to be blocked under sub-paragraph
. '
48e below.
�'<~';
170
.
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
c. To close stock exchanges, insurance companies and similar financial institu
tions for such periods o( time as you deem appropriate.
d. To establish a general or limited moratorium or moratoria only to the
e~ent clearly necessary to carry out the objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and 5
of this directive.
47. Resumption of partial or complete service on the internal public debt at
the earliest feasible date is deemed desirable. The Control Council should
decide the time and manner of such resumption.
48. Subject to. any agreed policies of the Control Council,
a. You will prohibit:
(1) the payment of all military pensions, or emoluments or benefits, except
compensation for physical disability limiting the recipient's ability to work, at
rates which are no higher than the lowest of those for comparable physical dis
ability arising from non-military causes.
.
. (2) the payment of all public or private pensions or other emoluments or
benefits granted or conferred:
(a) by reason of membership in or services to the former Nazi party, its
. formations, affiliated associations or supervised organizations;
(b) to any person who has been removed from an office or position in accord
ance with paragraph 6, and
(c) to any person arrested and detained in accordance with paragraph 8 dur
ing the term of his arrest, or permanently, in case of his subsequent conviction.
b. You will take such action as may be necessaty to insure that all laws and
practices relating to taxation or other fields of finance, which discriminate for
or against any persons because of race, nationality, creed or political opinion, will
be amended, suspended or abrogated to the extent necessary to eliminate such
discrimination.
You will hold the German authorities responsible for taking such measures
in the field of taxation and other fields of public finance, including restoration
of the tax system and maintenance of tax revenues, as will further the accom
plishment of the objectives stated in paragraphs 4 and 5.
d. You will exercise general supervision over German public expenditures
.in order to ensure that they are consistent with the objectives stated in para
graphs 4 and 5.
e. You will impound or block all gold, silver, currencies, securities, accounts
in financial institutions, credits, valuable papers and all other assets falling
within the following categories;
(1) Property ow~ed or controlled directly or indirectly, in whole or in part,
by any of the following:
.
.
(a) The German Reich, or any of the Laender, Gaue or provinces, any Kreis,
municipality or other similar local subdivision; or any agency or instrumentality
of any of them including all utilities, undertakings, public corporations or mono
polies under the control of any of the above;
(b) Governments, nationals or residents of other nations, including those of
territories occupied by them, at war with any of the United Nations at any time
since September 1, 1939;
(c) The Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations, its officials, leading members and supporters;
(d) All organizations, clubs or other associations prohibited or dissolved by
military government;
c.
APPENDIX
171
(e) Absentee owners of non-German nationality including United Nations
and neutral governments and Germans outside Germany;
(f) Any institution dedicated to public worship, charity, education or the
arts and sciences which has been used by the Nazi Party to further its interests
or to cloak its activities;
(g) Persons subject to arrest under provision~ of paragraph 8, and all other
persons specified by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise.
(2) Property which has been the subject of transfer under duress or wrong
ful acts of confiscation, disposition or spoliation, .whether pursuant to legisla
tion or by procedure purporting to follow forms of laws or otherwise.
(3) Works of art or cultural material of value or importance, regardless
of the ownership thereof.
You will take such action as will insure that any impounded or blocked assets
will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions which
you may issue. In the case particularly of property blocked under (1) (a) above,
you will proceed to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining such
property under surveillance, would permit its use in consonance with this direc
tive. In the case of property blocked under (2) above, you will institute meas
ures for prompt' restitution, in conformity with the objectives stated in para
graphs 4 ~d 5 and subject to appropriate safeguards to prevent the cloaking of
Nazi and militaristic influence.
49. All foreign exchange transactions, including those arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled with the aim of preventing Germany from
developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives set forth in
this directive. To effectuate these purposes the Control Council should
a. Seek out and reduce to the l?ossession and control of a special agency all
German (public and private) foreIgn exchange and external assets of every kind
and description located within or outside Germany.
b. Prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings in gold,
silver, foreign exchange, and all foreign exchange transactions of any kind.
Make available any foreign exchange proceeds of exports for payment of imports
directly necessary to the accomplishment of the objectives stated in paragraphs
4 and 5 of this directive, and authorize nO other outlay of foreign exchange
assets except for purposes approved by the Control Councilor other appropriate
authority.
c. Establish effective controls with respect to all foreign-exchange transac
tions, including:
(1 ) Transactions as to property between persons inside Germany and persons
outside Germany;
(2) Transactions involving obligations owed by or to become due from any
person in Germany to any person outside Germany; and
(3) Transactions involving the importation into or exportation from Ger
many of any foreign exchange asset or other form of yroperty.
Pending agreement in the Control Council, you wil take in your zone the
action indicated in sub-paragraphs a, band c above. Accordingly, you will in
your zone reduce to the possession and control of a special agency established
by you, within your Command, all German foreign exchange and external assets
as provided in sub-paragraph a. You will endeavor to have similar agencies for
the same purpose established in the other zones of occupation and to have them
merged as soon as practicable in one agency for the entire occupied territory.
�-.,
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172
173
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
In addition, you will provide full reports to your government with respect to
all German foreign exchange and external assets.
. 50. No extension of credit to Germany or Germans by any foreign person
or Government shall be permitted except that the Control Council may in special
emergencies grant permtssion for such extensions of credit.
51. It is not anticipated that you will make credits available to the Reichs
bank or any other bank or to any public or private institution. If, in your opin
ion, such action becomes essential, you may take such emergency action as you
may deem proper, but in any event, you will report the facts to the Control
Council.
'
52. You will maintain such accounts and records as may be necessary to re
Bect the financial operations of the military government in your zone and you
will provide the Control Council with such information as it may require, in
cluding information in connection with the use of currency by your forces, any
governmental settlements, occuf,ation costs, and other expenditures arising out
of operations or activities invo ving participation of your forces.
their control failing to ad in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme Command of the Red
.Army will take such punitive or other action· as they deem appropriate. .
6. This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian and German languages. The
English and Russian are the only authentic texts. Signed at Berlin on th.e 8th
day of May, 1945.
X
DECLARAnON REGARDING DEFEAT OF GER.MANY AND
ASSUMPTION OF SUPREME AUTHORITY BY AllIED POWERS
IX
DOCUMENT OF MILITARY SURRENDER OF TIlE
GERMAN ARMED FORCES
May 8, 19451
1. We, the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High Command,
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expedi
tionary Force, and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red
!t.rmy all forces on land, at sea, and in tfie air who are at this date under
German control.
2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German mili
tary, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease
active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on 8th May 1945, to
remain m the positions occupied at the time and to disarm completely, handing
over their weapons and ~uipment to the local allied commanders or officers
designated by RepresC!1tabves of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship,
vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery,
or equipment, "''''and also to machines of all kinds, armament, app!fatus, and all
the technical means of prosecution of war in general. '" '"
3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate com
manders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme
Conimander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the Supreme High Command
of the Red Army.
4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be super
seded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the
United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces
as a whole.
5. In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces under
'This document signed at Bedin-Karlshorst by Admiral Friedeburg, General Keitel and
General Stumpf on one side and by Marshals Tedder and Zhukov on the other is practi.
cally identical with the act of surrender signed at Rheims on May 7, 194~ by General ]odJ
and by· Generals Smith, Susloparov, and Sevez. The Rheims document does not contain
. the statement which is marked by two asterisks, The texts were first officially published
in Department of State, Bulletin, Vol. XIII (1945), p. 106.
June 5, 19451
The German armed forces on land~ at sea and in the air have been completely
defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and Germany, which bears re
sponsibility for the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victo
rious powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been e.ffected,
and Germany has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter
be imposed upon her.
.
There is no central government or authority in Germany capable of accepting
responsibility for the maintenance of order, the administration of the country
ana compliance with the requirements of the victorious Powers.
It is in these circumstances necessary, without prejudice to any subsequent
decisions that may be taken respecting Germany, to make provision for the
cessation of any further hostilities on the part of the German armed forces, for
the maintenance of order in Germany and for the administration of the country.
and to announce the immediate reqUIrements with which Germany must comply.
The representatives of the Supreme Commands of the United States of
America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the
French Republic, hereinafter called the "Allied Representatives." acting by
authority of their respective Governments and in the interests of the United
Nations, accordingly make the following Declaration:
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet SOI;ial
ist Republics and the United Kingdom. and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with resp.ect to Germany,
including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Com
mand and any state, municipal or local government, or authority. The assump
tion, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not
effect the annexation of Germany.
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social
ist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, will hereafter determine the boundaries of Germany or any
part thereof .and the status of Germany or of any area at present being part of
, German temtory.
.
,
In virtue of the supreme authority and powers thus assumed by the four
governments, the Allied representatives announce the following requirements
arising from the complete defeat and tinconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply:
1The Declaration was signed in Berlin by General Eisenhower, Marshal Zhukov, Field
Marshal Montgomery, General De Lattre de Tassigny. Department of State, Bullelin, Vol.
'](11 (194'). pp. lOH-lO~'.
�..
......~"'
172
~D\ Yx:> ((1
JllJJ. ~-"",qlf~
\4, 7
j .. '
173 .
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
In addition, you will provide full reports to your government with respect to
all German foreign exChange and external assets.
their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme Command of the Red
Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.
6. This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian and German languages. The
English and Russian are the only authentic texts. Signed at Berlin on the 8th
'
.
day of May, 1945.
50. No extension of credit to Germany or Germans by any foreign person
or Government shall be permitted except that the Control Council may in special
emergencies grant permission for such extensions of credit.
51. It is not anticipated that you will make credits available to the Reichs
bank or any other bank or to any public or private institution .. If, in your opin
ion, such action becomes essential, you may take such emergency action as you
may deem proper, but in any event, you will report the facts to the Control
Council.
.
. 52. You will maintain such accounts and records as may be necessary to re
flect the financial operations of the military government in your zone and you
will provide the Control Council with such information as it may require, in
cluding information in connection with the use of currency by your forces, any
governmental settlements, occupatiCin costs, and other expenditures arising out
. of operations or activities involving participation of your forces.
IX
DOCUMENT OF MILITARY SURRENDER OF mE
GERMAN ARMED FORCES
May 8, 1945 1
1. We, the undersigned, acting by authority of the Ge~ High Command,
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expedi
tionary Force, and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red
Army all forces on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this date under
German control.
2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German mili
tary, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease
active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on 8th May 1945, to
remain m the positions occupied at the time and to disarm completely, handing
over their weapons and e<J.uipment to the local allied commanders or officerS
designated by Represent3ltlves of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship,
vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery,
or equipment; **and also to m.achines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all
the technical, means of prosecution of war in general. * *
3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate com
manders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the Supreme High Command
of the Red Army.
.
4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be super·
seded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the
United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces
as a whole.
5, In the event of the German High Command or any of the' forces under
'This document signed at Berlin-Katlshorst by Admiral Friedeburg, General Keitel and
General Stumpf on one side and by Marshals Tedder and Zhukov on the other is practi·
cally identical with the act of surrender signed at Rheims on May 7, 194' by General JodI
and by Generals Smith, Susloparov, and Sevez. The Rheims document does not contain
the statement which is marked by two asterisks. The texts were first officially published
in Department of State, Bulleti", Vol. XIII (194,), p. 106.
X
DECLARAnON REGARDING DEFEAT OF GERMANY AND
ASSUMPTION OF SUPREME AUmORITY BY AWED POWERS
June 5, 19451
The German armed forceson lanC1,at sea and in the air have been completely
defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and. Germany, which bears re
sponsibility for the wit, is no "longer capable of resisting the will of the victo
rious powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been effected,
and Germany has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter
be imposed upon her.
There: is no central government or authority in Germany capable of accepting
responsibility for the maintenance of order, the administration of the country
.
and compliance with the requirements of the victorious Powers.
It is in these circumstances necessary, without prejudice to any subsequent
decisions that may be taken respectiflg Germany, to make provision for the
cessation of any further hostilities on the part of the German armed forces, for
the maintenance of order in Germany and for the administration of the country,
and to announce the immediate requirements with which Germany must comply.
The representatives of the Supreme Commands of the United States of
America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the
French Republic, hereinafter called the "Allied Representatives," acting by
authority of their respective Governments and in the interests of the United
Nations, accordingly make the following Declaration:
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social
ist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of the
French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Germany,
including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Com
mand and any state, municipal or local government, or authority. ~e assump
tion, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not
.
effect the annexation of GermaQY.
The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Social
ist Republics a~d th: United Kingdom, .andthe Provisi~nal Government of the
French Republic, wIll hereafterdetermlOe the boundartes of Germany or any
part thereof and the status of Germany or of any area at present being part of
. German territory.
In virtue of the supreme authority and powers thus assumed by the four
governments, the Allied representatives announce the following requirements
arising from the complete defeat and unconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply:
'The Declaration was signed in Berlin by General Eisenhower, Marshal Zhukov, Field
Marshal Montgomery, General De Lattre de Tassigny. Department of State, Bulleli", Vol.
XII (1945), pp. 10'1·105'.
�i·~~.
,r.. .
174
AMERICAN MILlTARY GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE 1
Germany, and all German military, naval and air authorities and all forces
under German control shall immediately cease hostilities in all theatres of war
against the forces of the United Nations on land, at sea and in the air.
ARTICLE 2
(A) All armed forces of Germany or under German control, wherever they
may be situated, including land, air, anti-aircraft and naval forces, the SS, SA
and Gestapo, and all other forces or auxiliary organizations equipped with weap
ons, shall be completely disarmed, handing over their weapons and equipment
to local Allied commanders or to officers designated by the Allied Representatives.
(B) The personnel of the formations and units of all forces referred to in
paragraph (A) above shall, at the discretion of the Commander-in-Chief of the
armed forces of the Allied state concerned, be declared to be prisoners of war,
pending further decisions, and shall be subject to such conditions and direc
tions as may be prescribed by the respective Allied Representatives.
(C) All forces referred to in paragraph (A) above, wherever they may be,
will remain in their present positions pending instructions from the Allied
Representatives.
(D) Evacuation by the said forces of all territories outside the frontiers of
Germany as they existed qn Dec. 31, 1937, will proceed according to instruc
.
tions to be given by the Allied representatives.
(E) Detachments of civil polIce to be armed with small arms only, for the
maintenance of order and for guard duties, will be designated by the Allied
Representatives.
ARTICLE 3
(A) All aircraft of any kind or nationality in Germany or German-occupied
or controlled territories or waters, military, naval or civil, other than aircraft in
the service of the Allies, will remain on the ground, on the water or aboard ships
pending further instructions.
(B) All German or German-controlled aircraft in or over territories or waters
not occupied or controlled by Germany will proceed to Germany or to such
other place or places as may be specified by the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE
4
(A) All German or German-controlled naval vessels, surface and submarine,
auxiliary naval craft, and merchant and other shipping, wherever such vessels
may be at the time of this declaration, and all other merchant ships of whatever
nationality in German ports, will remain in or proceed immediately to ports and
bases as specified by the Allied Representatives. The crews of such vessels will
remain on board pending further instructions.
(B) All ships and vessels of. the United Nations, whether or not title has
been transferred as the result of prize court or other proceedings, which are at
the disposal of Germany or under German confrol at the time of this declaration,
will proceed at the dates and to the ports or bases specified by the Allied Rep·
resentatives.
ARTICLE 5
( A) All or any of the following articles in the possession of the German
armed forces or under German control or at German disposal will be held intact
APPENDIX
175
and in good condition at the disposal of the Alli~d representatives, for such
purposes and at such times and places as they may prescribe:
I. All arm$, ammunition, explosives, military equipment, stores and supplies
and other implements of war of all kinds and all other war material;
II. All naval vessels of all classes, both surface and submarine, auxiliary
naval craft and all merchant shipping, whether afloat, under repair or construc
. tion, built or building;
III. All aircraft of all kinds, aviation and anti·aircraft equipment and devices;
IV. All transportation and communications facilities and equipment, by land,
water or air;
V. All military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane
bases, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and
coast. fortifications, fortres~es a~d ot~er forti.fied areas, toge~er with plans and
drawlOgs of all such fortIfications, mstallatlOns and establIshments;
VI. All factories, plants, shops, research institutions, laboratories, testing sta
tions, technical data, patents, plans, drawings and inventions, designed or in
tended to produce or to facilitate the production or use of the articles, materials,
and facilities referred to in sub.paragraphs I, II, III, IV and V above or other
wise to further the conduct of war.
.
.
(B) At the demand of the Allied Representatives the following will be
furnished.
I. The labor, services and plant required for the maintenance or operation o,f
any of the six categories mentioned in paragraph (A) above; and
II. Any information or records that may be required by the Allied representa
tives in connection with the same.
(C) At the demand of the Allie~ Representatives all facilities will be pro
vided for the movement of Allied troops and agencies, their equipment and
supplies, on the railways, roads and other land communications or by sea, river
or air. All means of transportation will be maintained in good order and repair,
~nd the' labor, services and plant necessary therefor will be furnished.
ARTICLE
6
(A) The German authorities will release to the Allied Representatives, in
accordance with the procedure to be laid down by· them, all prisoners of war at
present in their power, belonging to the forces of the United Nations, and will
furnish full lists of these persons, indicating the places of their detention in
Germany or territory occupied by Germany. Pending the release of such priso
ners of war, the German authorities and people will protect them in their per
sons and property and provide them with adequate food, clothing, shelter, medi
cal attention, and money in accordance with their rank or official position.
(B) The German authorities and people will in like manner provide for and
release all other nationals of the United Nations who are confined, interned or
otherwise under restraint, and all other persons who may be confined, interned
or otherwise under restraint for political reasons or as a result of any Nazi action,
law or regulation which discriminates on the ground of race, color, creed or
political belief.
(C) The German authorities will, at the demand of the Allied Representa
tives, hand over control of places of detention to such officers as may be desig
nated for the purpose by the Allied Representatives.
�~
F
~
177
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
7
The German authorities concerned will furnish to the Allied Representatives:
(A) Full information regarding the forces referred to in Article 2 (A), and
in particular, will furnish forthwith all information which the Allied representa
tives may require concerning the numbers, locations and dispositions of such
forces, whether located inside or. outside Germany;
.
(B) Complete and detailed information concerning mines, minefields and
other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety lanes in connec
tion therewith. All such safety lanes will be kept open and clearly marked; all
mines, minefields and other dangerous obstacles will as far as possible be ren
deredsafe, and all aids to navigation will be reinstated. Unarmed German mili
tary and civilian personnel with the necessary equipment will be made available
and utilized for the above purpose and for the removal of mines, minefields
and other obstacles as ditected by the Allied Representatives ..
Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom, arid the Provisional Govern
ment of the French Republic, the four Allied Governments will take such steps,
including the complete disarmament and demilitarization of Germany, as they
deem requisite for future peace and security.
(B) The Allied Representatives will impose on Germany additional political,
administrative, economic, financial, military and other requirements arising from
the complete defeat of Germany. The Allied Representatives, or persons or
agencies duly designated to act on their authority, will issue proclamations,
orders, ordinances and instructions for the purpose of laying down such addi·
tional requirements, and of giving effect to the other provisions of this declara
tion. All German authorities and the German people shall carry out uncondi
tionally the requirements of the Allied Representatives, and shall fully comply
with all such proclamations, orders, ordinances and instructions.
176
ARTICLE
ARTICLE
8
There shall be no destruction, removal, concealment, transfer or scuttling of,
or damage to, any military, naval, air, shipping, port, industrial and other like.
property and facilities and all records and archives, wherever they may be situ
ated, except as may be directed by the Allied Representatives.
9
Pending th~ institution of control by the Allied Representatives over a,ll means
of communication, all radio and telecommunication installations and other forms
of wire or wireless communications, whether ashore or afloat, under German
control, will cease transmission except as directed by the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE
ARTICLE 10
. The forces, nationals, ships, aircraft, military equipment and other property
in Germany or in German control or service or at German disposal, of any other
country at war with any of the Allies, will be subject to the provisions of this
declaration and of any proclamations, orders, ordinances or instructions issued
thereunder.
.
ARTICLE 11
(A) The principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied Representatives,
and all persons from time to time named or designated by rank, office or em·
ployment by the Allied Representatives as being suspected of having committed,
ordered or abetted war crimes or analogous offenses, will be apprehended and
surrendered to the Allied Representatives.
(C) The German authorities and people will comply with any instructions
given by the Allied Representatives for the apprehension and surrender of such
persons.
ARTICLE 12
The Allied Representatives will station forces and civil agencies in any or all
parts of Germany as they may determine.
.
13
(A) In the exercise of the supreme authority with respect to Germany
\SSWIled by the Government of the United States of America, the Union of
ARTICLE
·14
This declaration enters into force and effect at the date and hour set forth
below. In the event of failure on the part of the German authorities or people
promptly and completely to fulfill their obligations hereby or hereafter imposed,
the Allied Representatives will take whatever action may be deemed by them
to be appropriate under the circumstances.
ARTICLE
15
This declaration is drawn up in English, Russian, French and German lan
guages. The English, Russian and French are the only authentic texts.
Berlin, June 5, 1945.
XI
AMERICAN DIRECTIVE ON THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
OF AUSTRIA
June 27, 19451
ARTICLE
I. The Purpose and Scope of this Directive:
a. This directive is issued to you as Commanding General of the United States
forces of occupation in Austria. As such you will serve as United States mem
ber of the Allied Council of the Allied Commission for Austria and will also
be responsible for the administration of military government in the zone or
ZOnes assigned to the United States for purposes of. occupation and administra
tion. It outlines the basic policies which will guide you in those two capacities
after the termination of the combined command in Austria. Supplemental di
rectives will be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as may be required.
b. As a member of the Allied Council you will urge the adoption by the
other occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth in this directive
and, pending Allied Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone.
It is anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to the Com
manders in Chief of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub.
lics, and French forces of occupation.
c. In the event that recognition is given by the four governments to a pro
'The Directive was prepared by the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee and trans
mitted to General Mark Clark by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on June 27, 194~. It was made
public by the State Department on October 28, 194~. Department of State, Bulletin, Vol.
XIII (194~), pp. 661·673.
�176
~ru', ~\\?G'{n 'L/7
The German authorities concerned will furnish to the Allied Representatives:
(A) Full information regarding the forces referred to in Article 2 (A), and
in particular, will furnish forthwith all jnformation which the Allied representa
tives may require concerning the numbers, locations and dispositions of such
forces, whether located inside or outside Germany;
(B) Complete and detailed information concerning mines, minefields and
other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety lanes in connec
tion therewith. All such safety lanes will be kept open and clearly marked; all
mines, minefields and other dangerous obstacles will as far as possible be reno
dered safe, and all aids to navigation will be reinstated, Unarmed German mili
tary and civilian personnel with the necessary equipment will be made available
and utilized for the above purpose and for the removal of mines, minefields
and other obstacles as directed by the Allied Representatives.
14
This declaration enters into force and effect at the date· and hour set forth
below. In the event of failure on the part of the Getman authorities or people
promptly and completely to fulfill their obligations hereby or hereafter iinposed,
the Allied Representatives will take whatever action may be deemed by them
to be appropriate under the circumstances.
ARTICLE
ARTICLE 8
There shall be no destruction, removal, concealment, transfer or scuttling of,
or damage to, any military, naval, air, shipping, port, industrial and other like
prorrty and facilities and all records and archives, wherever they may be situ
ate , except as may be directed by the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE 15
This declaration is drawn up in English, Russian, French and German lan
guages. The English, Russian and French are the only authentic texts.
Berlin, June ~-".--------_ __
9
Pending the institution of control by the Allied Representatives over all means
of communication, all radio and telecommunication installations and other forms
of wire or wireless communications,. whether ashore or a.6oat, under German
control, will cease transmission except as directed by ·the Allied Representatives.
ARTICLE
XI
AMERICAN DIRECTIVE ON THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
OF AUSTRIA
ARTICLE 10
The forces, nationals, ships, aircraft, military equipment and other property
in Germany or in German control or service or at German disposal, of any other
country at war with any of the Allies, will be subject to the provisions of this
declaration and of any proclamations, orders, ordinances or instructions issued
thereunder.
.
ARTICLE 11
(A) The principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied Representatives,
and all persons from time to time named or designated by· rank, office or em
ployment by the Allied Representatives as being suspected of having committed,
ordered or abetted war crImes or analogous offenses, will be apprehended and
surrendered to the Allied Representatives.
(C) The German authorities and people will comply with any instructions
given by the Allied Representatives for the apprehension and surrender of such
persons..
The Allied Representatives will station forces and civil agencies in any or all
parts of Germany as they may determine.
.
13
(A) In the exercise of the supreme authority with respect to Germany
lSsumed by the Government of the United States of America, the Union of
ARTICLE
177
Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Govern
ment of the French Republic, the four Allied Governments will take such steps,
including the complete disarmament and demilitarization of Germany, as they
deem requisite for future peace and security.
(B) The Allied Representatives will impose on Germany additional political,
administrative, economic, financial, military and other requirements arising from
the complete defeat of Germany. The Allied Representatives, or persons or
agencies duly designated to act on their authority, will issue proclamations,
orders, ordinances and instructions for the purpose of laying down such addi
tional requirements, and of giving effect to the other provisions of this declara
tion. All German authorities and the German people shall carry out uncondi,
tionally the requirements of the Allied Representatives, and shall fully comply
with all such proclamations, orders, ordinances and instructions.
ARTICLE 7
12
~ ~\,
APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE
cJ ~ ;;). 7 ,~~ '-IS
•.. ..
:
.,
I
une 27, 1945 1
1. The Purpose and Scope of this Directive:
a. This directive is issued to you as Commanding General of the United States
forces of occupation in Austria. As such you will serve as United States mem
ber of the Allied Council of the Allied Commission for Austria and will also
be responsible for the administration of military government in the :lIone or
zones assigned to the United States for purposes of occupation and administra
tion. It outlines the basic policies which will guide you in those two capacities
after the termination of the combined command in Austria. Supplemental di
rectives will be issued to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as may be required.
b. As a member of the Allied Council you will urge the adoption by the
other occupying powers of the principles and policies set forth in this directive
and, pending Allied Council agreement, you will follow them in your zone.
It is anticipated that substantially similar directives will be issued to the Com·
manders in Chief of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub
lics, and French forces of occupation.
c. In the event that recognition is given by the four governments to a pro·
'The Directive was prepared by the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee and trans
mitted to General Mark Clark by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on June 27, 194', It was made
public by the State Department on October 28, 194', Department.of State, Bulietin, Vol.
XIII (1945), pp. 661-673.
�..,. ,,"!,'.oIlPIl*9J
178
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
visional national government of Austria, such government should be delegated
authority in appropriate matters to conduct public aHairs in accordance with
the principles set forth in this directive or agreed upon by the occupying powers.
Such delegation, however, shall be subject to the authority of the occupying
powers and to their responsibility to see that their policies are in fact carried out.
d. Any provisional national government of Austria which is not recognized
by all of the four Governments of the occupying powers shall not be treated by
you as possessing any authority. Only individuals who recognize your supreme
authority in your zone will be utilized by you in administration.
GENERAL
PART I
.AND POLITICAL
2. The Basil of Militar1 GOf/ernmenl:
a. The rights, power and status of the military government in Austria prior
to the unconditional surrender and total defeat of Germany, were based upon
the military occupation of Austria and the decision of the occupying powers to
reestablish an independent· Austrian state. Thereafter the rignts, powers and
status are based, in addition, upon such surrender or defeat. The Text of the
Instrument of Unconditional Surrender of Germany published as a separate
document has been made available to you. 2 You will assure that the policies
set forth in that Instrument are carried out in your zone of occupation insofar
as they are applicable in Austria even though the defeat of Germany is not
followed by a formal signing of the Instrument.
.
b. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 below, you are, by virtue of your
position, clothed with supreme legislative, executive, and judicial authority in
the areas occupied by forces under your command. This authority will be broadly
construed and includes authority to take all measures deemed by you necessary,
appropriate or desirable in relation to military exigencies and the objectives set
forth in this and other directives.
.
c. You will issue a proclamation continuing in force such proclamations,
orders and instructions as may have heretofore been issued by Allied Comman
ders in your zone, subject to such changes as you may determine. Authorizations
of action by the Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, or by the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, may be considered as applicable to
you unless inconsistent with this or other directives.
3. The Allied COllncil and Zonel of Occllpation:
a. The four Commanders in Chief, acting jointly, will constitute the Allied
Council which will exercise supreme authority in Austria. The United States
proposal for an agreement on the organization of the Control Machinery in
Austria published as a separate document has been made available to you. When
approved by the occupying powers, the text of the agreement on Control Ma
chinery in Austria will be furnished you. For purposes of administration of
military government, Austria will be divided into four zones of occupation.
When the occupying powers have agreed upon the zones of occupation in
Austria, the text of the protocol in that regard will be furnished you.
b. The authority of the Allied Council to formulate policy and procedures
and administrative relationships with respect to matters affecting Austria as a
•Appendix IX.
i)
~~,===~
APPENDIX
179
whole will be paramount throughout Austria. This authority shall be broadly
construed to .the end that, through maximum uniformity of policy and pro
cedures throughout Austria, the establishment of an independent Austrian Gov
ernment may be accelerated. In your capacity as a member of the Allied Coun
cil, you will seek maximum agreement with resfect to policy and maximum
uniformity of action by the Commanders-in-Chie in theIr respective Zones of
occupation. You will carry out and support in your zone the policies agreed
upon in the Allied Council. In the absence of such agreed policies you will
act in accordance with this and other directives of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
c. The Allied Council should cooperate with the Control Council in Germany
in .effecting the severance of all political and administrative connections be
tween Austria and Germany, and the elimination of German economic and
financial influences in Austria. You will in every way possible assist the accom
plishment of this purpose.
d. The Allied Council should adopt procedures to effectuate, and you will
facilitate in your zone, the equitable distribution of essential commodities be
tween the zones. In the absence of a conflicting policy of the Allied Council,
you may deal directly with one or more zone commanders on matters of special
concern to such zones.
.
e. Pending the formulation in the Allied Council of uniform policies and
procedures with respect to travel and movement o( persons to and from Austria.,
no persons shall be permitted to cross the Austrian frontier in your Zone except
for specific purposes approved by you.
f. The military government personnel in your zone, including those dealing
with regional and local branches of the departments of any central Austrian.
administrative machinery, shall be selected by your authority except that liaison
officers may be furnished by the Commanders of the other three zones. The
respective Commanders-in-Chief shall have exclusive jurisdiction throughout
the whole of Austria over the members of the armed forces under their command
and over the civilians who accompany them.
4. Basic ObjectiveJ of Military Government in Aliltria:
a. You will be chiefly concerned in the initial stages of military government
with the elimination of German domination and Nazi influences. Consistently
with this purpose, you will be guided at every step by the necessity to ensure
the reconstruction of Austria as a free, independent and democratic state. It wil.!
be essential therefore that every measure be urldertaken from the early stages
of occupation with this objective in mind.
b. The Allied Council should, as soon as it is established, proclaim the com
plete political and administrative separation of Austria from Germany, and the
intention of the occupying powers to pave the way for the reestablishment of
Austria as an independent democratic state. You will make it clear to the
Austrian people that military occupation of Austria is intended principally
(1) to aid Allied military operations and the strict enforcement of the ap
plicable provisions of the German unconditional surrender instrument in Aus
tria; (2) to eliminate Nazism, Pan-Germanism, militarism, and other forces
opposed to the democratic reconstitution of Austria; (3) to cooperate with the
Control Council for Germany in the arplication and enforcement of measures
designed to prevent the recurrence 0 German aggression; (4) to establish
Allied Control over the use and disposition of German t'lr"..... r .... :- A: ..•. ~_
�~
'7'
.'- •.._ _, . . . . , . - -
--
,...••>,....\
_.-.<",
r"'\
180
APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(5) to effect the complete political and administrative separation of Austria
from Germany and free Austria from Nazi and German economic and financial
influences; (6) to facilitate the development of a sound Austrian e.conomy de
voted to peaceful pursuits and not vital~y dependent upon German supplies,
markets and technical and financial assistance; and (7) to foster the restoration
of local self-government and the establishment of an Austrian central govern
ment freely elected by the Austrilltl people themselves. Other objectives of the
occupation will be to apprehend war criminals, to care for and repatriate dis
placed persons and prisoners-of-war who are members of the armed forces of
the United Nations, and to carry out approved. programs of reparation and
restitution insofar as these are applicable to Austria.
c. You will assure that there is no fraternization by your troops with any
German elements remaining in Austria. While in the initial period of occupa
tion the relationship of the troops to the Austrian civil population will he distant
,and aloof but courteous; a progressively more friendly relationship may be
permitted as experience justifies. .
5. Denazification:
a. A Proclamation dissolving the Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associa
tions and supervised organizations, and all Nazi public institutions which were
. set up as instruments of Party domination, and prohibiting their revival in any
form, should be promulgated. by the Allied Council. You will assure the prompt
effectuation of that policy in your zone and will make every effort to prevent
the reconstitution of any such organization in underground, disguised or secret
form. Responsibility for continuing ,desirable non-political social services of
dissolved Party Organizations may be transferred by the Governing Body to
appropriate central agencies and by you to appropriate local agencies.
b. All laws which extended the political structure of National Socialism to
Austria or otherwise brought about the destruction of the Austrian' state or
which established discriminations on grounds of race, nationality,' creed, or
political opinion should be abrogated by the Allied Council. You will render
them inoperative in your zone.
c. All men:ibers of the'Nazi Party who were German f'ationals prior to March
13, 1938, Germans who entered Austria after that date, and other Germans
directly connected with the Nazi exploitation of Austria will immediately be
removed from government positions and all other categories of employment
listed below, and will be expelled from Austria in accordance with paragraph
21. All Austrian members of the Nazi Party who have been more than nominal
.participants in its activities, all active supporters of Nazism and other persons
hostile to Allied purposes will be removed and excluded from public office
and from positions of importance 'in quasi-public and private enterprises such
as (1) civic, economic, and labor organizations, (2) corporations and other
organizations in which the German Government or subdivisions have a major
financial interest, (3) industry, commerce, agriculture, and finance, (4) educa
tion, and (.5) the press, publishing houses and other agencies disseminating
news and propaganda. Persons are to be treated as more than nominal par
ticipants in Party activities and as active supporters of Nazism when they (1)
held office or otherwise were active at any level from local to national in .the
Party and its subordinate organizations, (2) authorized or participated affirma
tivel y in any Nazi crimes, racial persecutions or discriminations, (:; ) been
181
avowed believers in Nazi doctrines, or (4) voluntarily given substantial moral
or material support or political assistance of any kind to the Nazi Party or Nazi
officials and leaders. No such persons shall be retained in any of the categories
of employment listed above because of administrative necessity, convenience
or expediency.
,
d. Property, real and personal, owned or controlled by the Nazi Party, its
formations, affiliated associations and supervised organizations, and by all per
sons subject to arrest under the provisions of paragraph 7 below, and found
within your zone will be taken under your control pending a decision by the
Allied Councilor higher authority as to its eventual disposition.
e. All archives, monuments and museums of Nazi lDception, or which are
devoted to the perpetuation of militarism, will be taken under your control and
their properties held pending decision as to their disposition by the Allied
Council.
f. You will make special efforts to preserve from destruction and take under
your control records, plans, books, documents, pllpers, files, and scientific, in
dustrial and other information and data belonging to or controlled by the
following:
.
(1) The central German Government and its subdivisions, the offices of the
Reichsstatthalter, the former Austrian state and its subdivisions, German and
Austrian military organizations, organizations engaged in military research, and
such other governmental agencies as may be deemed advisable;
(2) The Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations;
.
(3) All police organizations, including security and political police;
(4) Important economic organizations and industrial establishments includ
ing those controlled by the Nazi Party or its personnel;
(5) Institutes and special bureaus devoting themselves to racial, political,
militaristic or similar research or propaganda.
6. Elimination of pre-Nazi Influencn:
a. You will remove and eAclude from the positions enumerated in sub
paragraph .5 c above all persons who took an active and prominent part in the
undemocratic measures of the pre-Nazi Fascist regime or in any of its para
military organizations such as the Heimwehr and the OJtmaerkiJche Sturm
JChafel1.
.
b. You will prevent the revival of any organization seeking to restore the
pre-Nazi Fascist regime.
7. Stupecled War CriminalI and Securily ArreJIJ:
a. You will search out, arrest, and hold, pending receipt by you of further
instructions as to their disposition, Adolf Hitler, his chief Nazi associates, other
war criminals, and all persons who have participated in planning or carrying
out Nazi enterprises involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes.
b. All persons who if permitted to remain at large would endanger the ac
complishment of your objectives will also be arrested and held in custody until
their disposition is otherwise determined by an appropriate semi-judicial body
to be established by you.
[Note: There follows at this point in the directive a .detailed list of cate
gories of Nazi war criminals and others who are to be arrested. Some of these
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182
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
have not yet been found. It is considered that to publish the categories at this
time would put the individuals concerned on notice ~d would interfere with
their apprehension and punishment, where appropriate. The list of categorieS
is, therefore, withheld from publication for the present.]
If in the light of conditions which you encounter in Austria you believe it
is not immediately feasible to subject certain persons within these categories to
this treatment, you should report your reasons and recommendations to your
Government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. If you believe it desirable, you
may postpone the arrest of those whose cases you have reported, pending a
decision communicated to you by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In no event shall
any differentiation be made between or special consideration be accorded to
persons arrested, either as to manner of arrest, or conditions of detention, upon
the basis of wealth or political, industrial, or other rank or position. In your
discretion you may make such exception as you deem advisable for intelligence
or other military reasons.
8. Demilitarization:
a. In your zone you will assure that all units of the German armed forces
including para-military organizations are dissolved as such and that their per
sonnel are promptly disarmed and controlled in accordance with the policies
and procedures set forth in the Instrument of Unconditional Surrender of Ger
many or in other directives which may be issued to you. Prior to their final
disposition you will arrest and hold all military personnel who are included
under the provisions of paragraph 7. Subject to military considerations and
priority to be accorded repatriation of United Nations nationals, the Allied
Council should cooperate with the' Control Council for Germany in arranging
the early repatriation or other disposition of German members of the German
armed forces, including para-military organizations, found within Austria. The
two Allied agencies should likewise concert the prompt return to Austria of
Austrian members of the German armed forces found within Germany, except
those held as active Nazis, suspected war criminals, or for other reasons.
b. The Allied Council should proclaim, and in your zone you will effectuate,
the total dissolution of all military and para-military organizations together with
all associations which might serve to keep alive militarism in Austria.
.
c. All pe~ons who have actively supported organizations promoting mili
tarism or who have been active proponents of militaristic doctrines will be re
moved and excluded from any of the categories of employment listed in sub
paragraph :> c.
. .
d. You will seize or destroy all arms, ammunition and implements of war,
including all aircraft, military and civil, and stop the production thereof.
9. Police:
With the exception of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police), all elements
of the SicherheitspoJizei (Security Police), e.g., Geheime Staatspolizei (Ges.
tapo), and the Sicherheitsdienst der SS. will be abolished. Criminal and ordi
nary police will be" purged of Nazi personnel and utilized under the control
and supervision of the military government. .
10. Administration of lustice: .
a. All extraordinary courts, including the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court)
and the Sondergerichte (Special Courts), and all courts and tribunals of the
APPENDIX
183
Nazi Party and of its formations, affiliated associations and supervised organiza
tions will be abolished immediately.
.
b. All ordinary criminal, civil and administrative courts, except those pre
viously re-established by Allied authority, will be closed. After the elimination
of all Nazi or other objectionable features and personnel you will permit those
which are to exercise jurisdiction within the boundaries of your zone to resume
operations under such regulations, supervision and control as you may consider
appropriate. Courts which are to exercise jurisdiction over territory extending
beyond the boundaries of your zone will· be reopened only with the express
authorization of the Allied Council and under its regulation, supervision and
control. The power to review and veto decisions of German and Austrian
courts shall be included within the power of supervision and control.
11. Political Prisoners:
Subject to military security and to the interests of the individuals concerned,
you will release all persons found within your zone who have been detained
or placed in custody on grounds of race, nationality, creed or political opinion
and treat them as displaced persons. You should make provision for the review
of convictions of alleged criminal offenses about. which there may be sub
stantial suspicion of racial, religious or political persecution, and in which,
sentences of imprisonment have not been fully served by persons imprisoned
within your zone.
12. Reconstitution. of an Administrative System:
a. As soon as Nazi and Fascist influences have been eliminated from public
offices in Austria, the reconstitution of Austrian administrative agencies shall
be carried out in such a way as not to prejudice the political and constitUtional
future of Austria. The. Allied Council should be responsible for the early
establishment of such nation-wide administrative and judicial machinery as may
be required to facilitate the uniform execution of its policy throughout Austria,
to ensure freedom of transit and communication to and between the separate
zones of occupation, and to lay the foundation for the restoration of an Austrian
national administrative system. Administrative officials with powers extending
throughout Austria should be appointed only by or under the authority of the
Allied Council.
b. The formal abrogation of the Anschluss (Act of March 13, 1938) will
not be considered as reestablishing the legal and constitutional system of Aus
tria as it existed prior to that event. Such portions of earlier Austrian legislation
or of Reich legislation relating to Austria may be retained or restored to force
as is deemed appropriate for the purposes of military government and the re
constitution of Austria on a democratic basis. Insofar as it may prove desirable
to utiliZe constitutional laws for. Austrian administration, suitable provisions of
the Austrian Constitution of 1920, as amended in 1925 and 1929, should be
applied.
c. You will assure the severance of all connections between regional (Gau)
and local agencies on the one hand and Reich administrative agencies on 'the
other, and will reconstitute Austrian Provincial (Land) and local administration
at the earliest possible moment. You may utilize such agencies of the present
regional and local administrations as may be deemed useful.
�-
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
13. Restoration of Regional and Local Self-Government:
As a member of the Allied Council, you will urge the restoration of regional
and local self-government throughout Austria at the earliest possible moment.
In the absence of agreement, you will facilitate the holding of elections to local
and regional public. offices within your zone. If prior to or during occupation,
local and regional popular councils or similar organs appear, they may be
granted temporary recognition pending approval by the Allied Council and be
utilized in administration in the event that they possess popular support and
are free from Nazi or Fascist sympathizers and affiliations.
such as Adolf Hitler &hulen, Napolas and Ordensburgen, and of Nazi organi
zations within other educational institutions, will be permanent.
b. A coordinated system of control over Austrian education and an affirma.
tive program of reorientation will be established designed completely to elim.
inate Nazi, Fascist arid militaristic doctrines and to encourage the development
of democratic ideas.
'
c. Vou will permit the reopening of elementary (Volksschulen), middle
(Hauptschulen), and vocational (Berufsschulen) schools at the earliest pos
sible date after Nazi and other objectionable personnel has been eliminated.
Textbooks and curricula which are not free of Nazi, Fascist and militaristic
doctrines shall not be used. The Allied Council should assure that programs
. are devised for the early reopening of secondary schools, universities and other
institutions of higher learning. After Nazi and other objectionable personnel
and features have been eliminated and pending the formulation of such pro
grams by the Allied Council, you may formulate and put into effect an interim
program within your zone and, in any case, you will encourage the reopening of
such institutions and departments which offer training which you consider im
mediately essential or useful fn the administration of military government and
the purposes of the occupation.
d. It is not intended that the military government will interVene in questions
concerning denominational control of Austrian schools, or in religious instruc
tion in Austrian schools, except in so far as may be necessary to ensure that
religious instruction and administration of such schools conform to such Allied
regulations as are or may be established pertaining to purging of personnel and
curricula.
.
184
14. futablishment of Independent Allstrian Government:
The Allied Council should, and in your zone you will, make it clear to the
Austrian people that the Allied Powers do not intend through military govern
ment to appoint or establish a national government for Austria but will aid the
Austrian people themselves to prepare for the election of a national assembly
by democratic means. The Austrian people will be free to determine their own
form· of government provided the new regime be democratic in character and
assume appropriate internal and international responsibilities and obligations.
15. Political Activity and Civil Rights:
a. At the earliest possible moment you will permit such political activity and
organization by democratic groups as neither threatens military security nor
presents substantial danger of public disorder nor engender suspicion and
disunity among the United Nations.
b. You will prohibit the propagation in any form of Nazi, Fascist, mili
taristic, and pan-German doctrines.
c. To the extent that military interests are not prejudiced and subject to the
provisions of the two preceding subparagraphs and paragraph 16, you will
permit freedom of speech, assembly, press, association, and religious worship.
d. For pw:poses of military government you may consider as Austrian citizens
all persons who held Austrian citizenship on or before March 13, 1938, or who
woUld have automatically acquired citizenship by operation of the law of
Austria in force on March 13, 1938. The acts of July 30, 1925 and August 16,
1933 should not be considered as depriving of citizenship Austrians who have
entered the service of foreign states or who have taken up arms against the
Reich since 1938. German laws purporting to affect Austrian citizenship should
be ignored.
.
18. Religious Affairs:
a. The Allied Council should leave to the Austrian churchmen of the re
spective faiths the revision of the constitutions, rituals or internal relationships
of purely ecclesiastical bodies.
b. You will protect freedom of religious belief and worship.
c. You will refrain from intervening in matters concerning religious instruc.
tion in schools, the establishment or continuation of denominational schools
and the re-establishment of ecclesiastical control of any publicly supported
.schools.
d. Vou will take necessary measures to protect churches, shrines, church
schools, and other ecclesiastical property from damage and from any treatment
,which lacks respect for their religious character.
e. You may permit religious bodies to conduct appropriate youth, sport, and
welfare activities and to receive contributions for such purposes.
f. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 15, you will permit the establish
ment or revival of religious periodicals and the publication of other religious
literature.
16. Pllblic Relations and Control of Public Information:
As a member of the Allied Council you will endeavor to obtain agreement
for uniform or coordinated policies with respect to (a) control of public in·
formation media in Austria, (b) accrediting of foreign correspondents, (c)
press censorship, and (d) issuance of official news communiques dealing with
matters within the jurisdiction of the Allied Council. United States policies in
these matters will be sent to you separately and you will be guided by these in
your negotiations in the Allied Council.
17. Education:
a. You will initially close all schools and universities except those previously
re-established by Allied authority. The closure of Nazi educational institutions,
185
i
19. Treatmenl of Displaced Persons and Refugees in AlIslria:
a. Subject to any international agreements and to the agreed policies of the
Allied Council, you will undertake the repatriation, return to former residence
or resettlement of displaced persons who are (1) nationals of the United
Nations and of neutral states, (2) stateless persons, (3) nationals of enemy or
former enemy countries who have been persecuted by,the enemy for reasons of
�,~t-~-;;;~.
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186
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
race, nationality, creed or political opinion, (4) nationals of Italy, as rapidly
as military considerations and arrangements with their respective governments
permit. Due consideration will be given to the wishes of the individuals in
volved, and preference will be accorded to nationals of the United Nations and
persons freed from concentration camps or other places of detention.
I
b. You will establish or maintain centers for the assembly and repatriation,
resettlement or return of the foregoing displaced persons. Subject to the general
control and responsibility of military government, existing Austrian agencies
will be required to maintain essential supply and other· services for them, in
cluding adequate food, shelter, clothing and medical care.
c. Subject to your general control, you will hold existing Austrain agencies
responsible for the care and disposition of refugees and those displaced persons
who .are nationals of Germany or former enemy countries not otherwise pro
vided herein. You will facilitate their repatriation or return, subject to what
ever control you may deem necessary, as rapidly as military considerations and
appropriate arrangements with authorities in their respective hom.e countries
permit.
d. Subject to agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will determine the
extent to which UNRRA, the Inter-GovernmentaI Committee on Refugees, or
other civilian agencies will participate in handling displaced persons and
refugees.
e. You will accord liaison on matters connected with displaced persons to
representatives of each of the other Occupying Powers accredited. therefor by
their respective Commander-in-Chief and to representatives of any of the
United Nations and neutral states and Qf Italy accredited therefor by the Allied
Councilor other competent authority. You will arrange for such representatives
to have access to displaced persons who are nationals of their countries and are
authorized to permit them to use the facilities of their governments for purposes
of repatriation.
.
f. The term "displaced persons" includes (1) non-Austrian civilian nationals
who have been obliged to leave their own countries o~ to remain in Austria by
reason of the war, (2) stateless persons, and (3) persons who have been perse
cuted by the enemy for reasons of race, nationality, creed or political opinion.
The term "refugees" includes Austrian civilian nationals within Austria who
are temporarily homeless because of military operations, or are residing at some
distance from their homes for reasons related to the war.
20. Retllrn of Austrian C;vilians to Allstria:
In accordance with military considerations and appropriate arrangements with
authorities in sending countries, you will cooperate in rapid repatriation of
Austrian civilian nationals outside Austria, exclusive of active Nazis and per- .
sons suspected of having committed war c['imes or held for other reasons.
21. The Removal of German Officials ana Civ#ians from Allstria:
a. All German officials, members of the Nazi Party who were German na
tionals prior to March 13, 1938, Germans who entered Austria after that date
and other Germans directly connected with the Nazi exploitation of. Austria,
except those whom it may be desirable to hold for security or other reasons,
should be expelled from Austria. The Allied Council should consult with the
Control Council in Germany regarding the removal to Germany of such per·
APPENDIX
187
sons. Removal will be effected at the earliest time consistent with the avail
ability of transport facilities and with the prospect of orderly absorption into
Germany.
b. Subject to instructions issued by the Allied Council in accordance with
the provisions of the subparagraph a above, you will in your zone take all
practicable measures to facilitate and expedite tlie removal to Germany of all
German officials and of German· citizens to be repatriated.
22. Diplomatic ana Consular Officials ana Properties:
All diplomatic and consular officials of countries with which anyone of the
United Nations has been at war since December 31, 1937 will be taken into
protective custody and held for further disposition .. The diplomatic and con
sular property and records belonging to such countries or governments and to
their official personnel will be seized and secured if not found in the custody
of a protecting power.
23. Arts ana Archives;
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 above, you will make aU reasonable
efforts to preserve historical archives, museums, libraries and works of art.
PART II
ECONOMIC
General Economic Provisions
24. The Allied Council should ensure the direction of the Austrian economy
in such a way as to carry out the objectives set forth in paragraph 4 b of this
directive and should establish centralized control and administration of the
Austrian economy to the extent necessary to achieve the maximum utilization of
Austrian resources and equitable distribution of essential goods and services
and to obtain uniformity of policies and operations throughout Austria.
.
You will urge the establishment of such centralized control and administra
tion and, pending agreement in the Allied Council, you will take such measures
in your own zone as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this directive.
25. To the maxirrlUm extent possible without jeopardizing the successful
execution of measures required to implement the objectives outlined in para
graph 4 b of this directive, Austrian authorities and agencies should be used,
subject to such supervision as is necessary to ensure that they carry out their
task. For this purpose appropriate authority should be given to Austrian agen
cies and administrative services, subject to strict observance of the provisions
of this directive regarding denazification and dissolution or prohibition of Nazi
and Fascist organizations, institutions, principles, features and practices.
26. You will preserve all significant records pertaining to important eco
nomic, financial and research organizations and activities. You will institute
or assure the maintenance of such statistical records and reports as may be
necessary to carry out the objectives of this directive.
27. You will initiate appropriate surveys which may assist you in achieving
the objectives of the occupation. In particular, you will promptly undertake
surveys, equipment and resources in your zone. You will endeavor to obtain
prompt agreement in the Allied Council to similar surveys in the other zones
of occupation and urge appropriate steps to coordinate the methods and results
�.,.o;.~~"
r"-""''''_
.
. AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
of these and other future surveys undertaken in the various zones. You will
keep the Allied Council and your government currently apprised of the informa
tion obtained by means of intermediate reports or otherwise.
d. prevent large-scale exportation of light metals pending subsequent in
structions on the policy to be followed regarding the Austrian light metals
industry;
e. prevent the construction of plant capacity for the production of synthetic
oil and rubber; and establish procedures, in consultation with the. Control Coun
cil for Germany, for reviewing any projected construction of new or expanded
capacity for materials the production of which is prohibited or limited In Ger
many as a measure of industrial disarmament, in order to ensure that such ex
pansion is not for the purpose of evading controls in Germany;
f. close initially all laboratories, research institutions and similar technical
organizations except those considered necessary for the protection of public
health and safety, and provide for the maintenance and security of physical
facilities where deemed necessary and for the detention of such personnel as
are of interest to technological and counter-intelligence investigations. After
the provisions of paragraphs " 6, 7 and 8 (c) have been applied, the reopening
of laboratories, research institutions and similar organizations should' be per
mitted under license and periodic supervision, in accordance with policies wnich
will be communicated to you.
~~. Without prejudice to the possible eventual transfer of equipment or
production on reparation account in accordance with any Allied agreements
which may be reached, the Allied Council should facilitate the conversion of
industrial facilities to non-militarY production. In such conversion it will be
your policy to give priority to the production of essential goods and equipment
in short supply.
34. The Allied Council should assure that all semi-official or quasi-public
business and trade organizations of an authoritarian character are abolished
and that any organizations of commerce, industry, agriculture and handicrafts
which the Austrians may wish to establish are based on democratic principles.
~,. The Allied Council should adopt a policy prohibiting cartels or other
private business arrangements and' cartel-like 'organizations including those of
public or quasi-public character, such as the Wirtschaftsgruppen, which provide
for the regulatIon of marketing conditions, including production, prices, ex
clusive exchange of technical information and processes, and allocation ·of sales
territories. Such necessary public functions as have been discharged by these
organizations should be absorbed as rapidly as possible by approved public
agencies. Pending agreement in the Allied Council, you should: take no action
in your own zone with regard to this paragraph.
36. The Allied Council should adopt policies designed to prevent or restrain
inflation of a character or dimension which would endanger accomplisrunent of
the objectives of the occupation. The Allied Council in particular, should direct
and empower Austrian authorities to maintain or establish controls over prices
and wages and to take the fiscal and financial measures necessary to this end.
188
u.s.
Responsibility for Supplies from
Military Sources
28. Imports of supelies from U.S. Military supply sources, for which you
will assume responsibility, will be limited to the basic essentials necessary in
your zone (a) to avoid disease and unrest which might endanger the occupying
forces and (b) for the care of displaced persons. Imports will be undertaken
only after maximum utilization of indigenous supplies.
Agriculture, Industry and Internal Commerce
29. You will make maximum use of supplies and resources available within
Austria and you will require the Austrians to use all means at their disposal
to maximize the production of foodstuffs and other essential goods and to
. establish as rapidly as possible effective rationing and other machinery for the
distribution thereof. You will urge ~pon the Allied Council that uniform
ration scales be applied throughout Austria.
~O. The Allied Council should assure to the maximum possible extent the free
movement and equitable distribution of goods and services throughout Austria.
~1. The Allied Council should facilitate emergency repair and construction
for the minimum housing needs of the civil population and restoration of trans
portation and communications services and public utilities essential to the ob
Jectives outlined in paragraph 4 b.
. ~2. In order to supplement the measures taken by the Control Council in
Germany for the industrial disarmament of Germany and pending final decision
as to the steps necessary in Austria to eliminate Germany's war potential, you
should, in cooperation with the other zone commanders, take steps to
a. prevent the production, acquisition and development of all arms, ammuni
tion and implements of war, including all types of aircraft, and all parts, com
ponents and ingredients specially designed or produced for incorporation
therein;
.
b.' seize and safeguard; pending instructions as to disposal, all facilities which
are specially designed or adapted to the production of the items mentioned in
a and cannot be converted to non-military production, using in such conversion
only materials and equipment readily available and not emanating from
Germany;
c. take an inventory of all German-owned plant and equipment in Austria,
and all plant and equipment regardless of ownership erected or expanded in
Austria subsequent to Anschluss, in the following industries: iron mining;
steel and ferro-alloys; armaments (including aircraft); machinery (including
automotive vehicles, agricultural machinery, locomotives and rolling stock,
bearings and other special components, electrical machinery, and general in
dustrial e1uipment); electronic equipment; electric power; non-ferrous metals,
including ight metals; rubber and oil, including synthetic rubber and oil; 'Wood
pulp; synthetic fibers; instruments; optical glass; chemicals (including pharma
ceuticals and plastics) and photographic equipment; in order that the Allied
Council may determine what portion of it is redundant to the development of a
sound peacetime Austrian economy and make recommendations to the govern
ments of the occupying powers regarding the treatment of these industries:
189
Labor, Health and Social insurance
~7. The Allied Council should permit the self-organization of employees
along democratic lines, subject to such safeguards as may be necessary to prevent
the perpetuation or revival of Nazi, Fascist or militarist influence under any
guise or the continuation of any group hostile to the objectives and operations
of the occupying forces. The Allied Council should permit free collective bar
�.~Jt(:'''''._~,
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
gaining between employees and employers regarding wages, hours, and working
conditions and the establishment of machinery for the settlement of industrial
disputes. Collective bargaining shall be within the framework of such wage,
hour and other controls as may be instituted or revived.
38. The Allied Council should permit the retention or re-establishment of
health services and facilities. and non.discriminatory systems of social insurance
and poor relief.
.
in the Allied Council, you should take no action in your own zone with regard
to this paragraph.
190
Reparation and Restitution
.39. As a member of the Allied Council and as zone commander you will
ensure that the programs of reparation and restitution dnbodied in Allied
agreements are carried out, in so· far as they are applicable in Austria. The
Allied CoUncil should cooperate with the Control Council in Germany for this
purpose. You should urge the Allied Council to an agreement that, until appro
priate Allied authorities formulate reparation and restitution program for.
application in Austria,
.
.
a. no removals should be permitted on reparation account; and
b. restitution to other countries should be confined to identifiable looted
works of art, books, archives and other cultural property;
For:eign Trade
40. The Allied Council should take prompt steps to re-establish Austrian
customs autonomy subject to the provisions of paragraph 51 and establish cen·
tralized control over all trade in goods and services with foreign countries.
41. In the control of foreign trade the objectives of the Allied Council
should be, (a) to obtain as much as possible of Austria's essential imports
through regular trade; (b) encourage the development by Austrians as rapidly
as possible of foreign markets and sources of supply; and (c) to promote the
orientation of Austrian trade away from Germany.
The Allied Council shoUld seek to obtain from sources other than military
supply sources any imports essential to the achievement of the objectives set
forth in this directive. Arrangements may be made with appropriate authorities
in Germany for the importation of essential supplies from Germany, whenever
in your judgment such supplies cannot be readily obtained from other sources.
The. Allied Council should favor the conclusion of such arrangements for the '
exchange of Austrian goods and services with those of foreign countries in
cluding the development of entrepot trade, as will aid in the revival of the
Austrian economy on a sound basis and will not prejudice the eventual develop
ment of trade on a multilateral basis.
The Allied Council in cooperation with the Austrian authorities, should make
a survey of Austrian foreign exchange resources and of the possibilities for
foreign markets and sources of supply for Austrian industry ana trade to serve
as the basis of a program for the development of a sound economy. You will
communicate to your government through the Joint Chiefs of Staff the results
of such a survey, together with such .recommendations as you may deem
appropriate.
42. The Allied Council should adoft a policy which would forbid participa
tion of Austrian firms in internationa cartels or other restrictive contracts and
arrangements, and should order the prompt termination of all existing Austrian
participation in such cartels, contracts and arrangements. Pending agreement
191
PART III
FINANCIAL
General Provisions
43. The Allied Council should adopt, for application throughout Austria,
uniform financial measures which are necessary to the accomplishment of the
objectives stated in paragraph 4 (b) of this directive and wbich are in con
formity with the principles and poliCies set forth below. You will urge the
establishment of centralized administration of such measures to the extent neces
sary to achieve these objectives and, pending agreement in the Allied Council,
you will adopt such necessary measures in your own zone as are in conformity
with the provisions of this directive.
44. In the administration of financial matters you will follow the principles
set forth in paragraph 25 of this directive.
.
45. You will maintain such accounts and records as may be necessary to
reflect the financial operations of the military government in your zone, and
you will provide the Allied Council with such information as it may require,
including information in connection with the use of currency by your forces,
any governmental settlements, occupation costs, and other expenditures arising
out of operations or activities involving participation of your forces.
46. You will take measures to safeguard books and records of all public and
private banks and other financial institutions. .
47. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you are authorized
to take the following steps:
'
a. to prohibit, or to prescribe regulations regarding transfers or other deal.
ings in private or public securities or real estate or other property;
b. to close banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions for a
period long enough for you to introduce satisfactory control, to ascertain their
cash position, to apply the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 (c) of this
directive, and to issue instructions for the determination of accounts and assets
to be blocked under paragraph 55 below;
c. to close stock and commodity exchanges and similar institutions for such
periods as you deem appropriate and apply the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6,
7 and 8 (c) of this directive;
.
d. to establish a general or limited moratorium, or moratoria, to the extent
necessaI)' to carry out the objectives stated in this directive. In particular, it may
prove desirable to prevent foreclosures of mortgages and the exercise of similar
remedies by creditors against individuals and small business enterprises;
e. to issue regulations prescribing the purposes for which credit may be ex
tended and the terms and conditions governing the extension of credit;
f. to put Jnto effect such further financial measures as you deem necessary
to accomplish the purposes stated in this directive.
48. The Allied Council should designate a suitable bank, preferably the
former Vienna Branch of the Reichsbank, to perform under its direction central
banking functions. Simultaneously, all connections between such designated
bank and institutions or persons in Germany should be severed in accordance
�~-O:4~.",
•"""'''>Q:;.~~
192
APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
193
I
with paragraph 57 of this. directive. When· satisfied that this bank is under
adequate control, the Allied Council may; by ensuring that credits are made
available only in schillings through the zone commanders or authorized issuing
banks or agencies, place such bank in a position to finance other banks or other
financial institutions for the conduct of approved business.
Pending the designation of such a bank by the Allied Council, you may desig
nate a bank in your zone to perform similar functions under your direct control
and supervision and subject to the conditions specified above.
IIi an emergency you are also authorized to make direct advances, in schillings
only, to other financial institutions.
Currency
49. The Allied Council should regulate and control the issue and volume of
currency in Austria in accordance with the following provisions:
. a. United States forces and other Allied forces within Austria will use only
Allied military schillings for pay of troops and other military requirements.
Allied military schillings will be declared legal tender in Austria. As long as
Reichsmarks are legal tender in Austria, Allied military schillings will circulate
interchangeably with Reichsmarks at a. rate of one Allied military schilling for
one Reichsmark. Reichskreditkassenscheine and other military currency issued
by the Germans will not be leg:d tender in Austria;
b. without authorization by the Allied Council, no Austrian governmental
or private banks or agencies will be permitted to issue banknotes or currency;
c. appropriate Austrian authorities should, to the maximum extent possible,
be . required by the Allied Council to. make funds available free of cost in
amounts sufficient to meet all expenses of the forces of occueation, including.
the cost of Allied military government, the pay of Allied military personnel,
and to the extent that compensation is made therefor the cost of such private
property as may be requisitioned, seized, or otherwise acquired by Allied
authorities for reparation or restitution purposes;
d.. as soon as administratively practicable, a general conversion into Allied
Military schillings of the Reichsmark and Rentenmark currency circulated in
Austria should be undertaken by the Allied Council .or by you in coordination
with the other zone commanderS.
.
You will receive separate instructions relative to the currency which you will
use in the event that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied Military
dlillings are not available.
You will not announce or establish, until receipt of further instructions, any
general rate of exchange between the Allied Military schilling on the one hand
and the U.S. dollar and other currencies on the other. However, the rate of
exchange to be used exclusively for pay of troops and military accounting pur.
poses will be ten Allied Military schillings for one U.S. dollar.
Public Finance
50. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will take such
action as may be necessary to insure that all laws and practices relating to taxa·
tion or other fields of finance, which discriminate for or against any persons
becaJlSe of race, nationality, creed or political opinion, will be amended, sus
pended or abrogated to the extent necessary to eliminate such discrimination.
Consistent with the foregoing purpose, the Austrian authorities should be reo
quired to take such action in the field of taxation as is necessary to assure an
adequate in60w of revenues. Any public revenue in Austria previously collected
by the German government may De used for approved public expenditures.
51. Pending the determination of the long-range Austrian customs and trade
policy, the Austrian authorities may impose duties on imports for revenue pur·
poses. Duties for other purposes should only be imposed with the approval of
the Allied Council. No duties will be imposed on imports for military account
or for the account of such relief agencies as may be designated.
52. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will prohibit:
a. the payment to ex-soldiers of all military pensions, or other emoluments
or benefits, except compensation for physical disability limiting the recipient's
ability to work at rates which are no higher than the lowest of those for
comparable physical disability arising from non-military causes;
b. the payment of all public or private pensions or other emoluments or
benefits granted or conferred
(1) by reason of membership in or services to the former Nazi party, its
formations, affiliated associations or supervised organizations or any pre-Nazi Fas
cist organizations, such as the H~imwehr and the Ostmarkische Sturmscharen;
(2) to any person who has been removed from an office or position in ac
cordance with paragraphs 5, 6 and 8 (c); and
(3) to any person arrested and detained in accordance with paragraph 7
during the term of his arrest, or permanently, in case. of his subsequent
conviction.·
.
53. The Allied Council should exercise general control and supervision over
the expenditures of public funds to the extent necessary to achieve the purposes
of the occupation.
54. The Allied Council should promptly initiate a survey for the purpose of
ascertaining (a) the amount of the German government debt held in Austria,
(b) the amount of all outstanding internal public debts in Austria, and (c)
the fiscal position of Austria. You will promptly submit· recommendations con
cerning the treatment of these debts, taking into consideration the effect on
Austrian public credit of policies on this matter.
Property Control
55. Subject to any agreed policies of the Allied Council, you will impound
or block all gold, silver, currencies, securities accounts in financial institutions,
credits, valuable papers, and' all other assets falling within the following
categories:
a. Proyerty owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part,
by any 0 the following:
. (1) the governments, nationals or residents of the German Reich, Italy.
Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, Finland and Japan, including those of territories
occupied by them;
(2) the Austrian State, the municipal and provincial government and all
governmental authorities within Austria, including their agencies and instru
mentalities; .
(3) the Nazi Party, its formations, affiliated associations and supervised
organizations, its officials, leading members and supporters;
(4)' all organizations, clubs or other associations prohibited or dissolved by
military government;
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..............
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194
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(5) absentee owners, i...duding United Nations and neutral governments;
(6) any institution dedicated to public worship, charity, education or the
arts and sciences, which has been used by the Nazi party to further its interests
or to cloak its activities;
'_
'
(7) persons subject to arrest under the provisions of paragraph 7, and all
other persons specified by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise;
_ b. Property which has been the subject of transfer under duress, or wrongful
acts of confiscation, disposition or spoliation, whether pursuant to legislation
or by procedures purporting to follow forms of law or otherwise;
c. Works of art or cultural material of value or importance, regardless of
the ownership thereof.
You will take such action as will ensure that any impounded or blocked
assets will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions
which you may issue. In the case particularly of property blocked under a (2)
above, you will proceeli. to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining
- such property under surveillance, would permit its use in conSOnance with
this directive. Property take,!!Jrom ,~~!.dMls_underthe conditions-stated, in. b
..,L above should be restored as promptly as possible, subject· to appropriate safe-'
,
guards to prevent the cloaking of, Nazi, German or militaristic influence.
The .Allied Council should seek out and reduce to the possession and control
of a special agency all property interests of any type and description owned either
directly or indirectly by Germany or a national or a resident thereof. '
External Financial ana Property Relations
56. .All foreign exchange transactions, including those arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled for the purpose of achieving the objectives set
forth in this directive. To effectuate such objectives the .Allied Council should
a. seek out and reduce to the possession and control of a special agency all
Austrian (public and private) foreign exchange and external assets of every
kind and description located within or outside Austria;
b. prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings in gold,
silver, foreign exchange, and all foreign exchange transactions of any kind;
, c. make available any Joreign exchange rroceeds of exports for payment of
imports necessary to the accomplishment 0 the objectives set forth in this di
rective and authorize no other outlay of foreign exchange assets for purposes
approved by the Allied Councilor other appropriate authority;
d. establish effective controls with respect to all foreign exchange transactions,
including:
(1) transactions as to property between persons inside Austria and persons
outside Austria;
,
(2) transactions involving obligations owed by or to become due from
any person in Austria to any person outside Austria; and '
(3) transactions involving the importation or exportation from Austria of
any currency, foreign exchange asset or other form of property.
57. The Allied Council should, in cooreration with ,the Control Council in
Germany, take steps necessary to sever al managerial and other, organizational
connections of banks, including postal banking offices, and all other business
enterprises located in Austria with banks and business enterprises or persons
located in Germany.
'
.
APPENDIX
195
XII
i
J
REPORT ON THE TRIPARTITE CONFERENCE OF POTSDAM
August 2, 19451
On July 17, 1945, the President of the United States of America, Harry S.
Truman; the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissimo J. V. Stalin and the Prime Minister
of Great Britain, Winston S. Churchill, together with Mr. Qement R. Attlee,
met in the Tripartite Conference of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
Foreign Secretaries of the,three Governments, Mr. James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M.
Molotoff, and Mr. Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, and other advisers.
There were nine meetings between July 17 and July 25. The Conference was
'then interrupted for two days while the results of the British general election
were being declared.
On July 28 Mr. Attlee returned to the Conference as Prime Minister, accom
panied by the new Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ernest Bevin.
Four days of further discussion then took pl~e. During the cour~ of the Con
ference there were regular meetings of the heads of the three Governments
accompanied by the Foreign Secretaries, and also of the Foreign Secretaries alone.
Committees appointed by the Foreign Secretaries for preliminary consideration
of questions before the Conference also met daily.
,
The meetings of the Conference were held at the Cecilienhof, near Potsdam.
The Conference ended on August 2, 1945. .
Important decisions and agreements were reached. Views exchanged on a
number of other questions and considerations' of these matters will be continued
by the Council of Foreign Ministers established by the Conference.
'
President Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and Prime Minister Attlee leave this
Conference, which has strengthened the ties between the three Governments and
extended the scope of their collaboration and understanding, with renewed con
fidence that theIr Governments and peoples, together with the other United
Nations, will insure the creation of a just and enduring peace.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS
The Conference reached an agreement for the establishment of a Council
of Foreign Ministers representating the five principal powers to continue the
necessary preparatory work for the peace settlements ana to take up other mat
ters which from time to time may be referred to the Council by agreement of
the Governments participating in the Council.
The text of the agreement for the establishment of the Council of Foreign
Ministers is as follows:
1. There shall be established a Council composed of the Foreign Ministers
of the United Kingdom, the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, China,
'
France and the United States."
2. (I) The Council shall normally meet in London, which shall be the per
manent seat of the Joint Secretariat which the Council will form. Each of the
Foreign Ministers will be accompanied by a high·ranking deputy, duly autho
rized to carry on the work of the Council in the absence of his Foreign Minister,
and by a small staff of technical advisers.
'
'The Potsdam Declaration was released to the press
State, Bulletin, Vol. XIII (1945), pp. 153-161.
Oil
August 2, 1945. Department of
'
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:!xcerpt, Secti:aD XVII, iB100t1D.g _4 OeDtrol of Prq;erq.l,
II.
Class~80t 'Prg?!rv to be restrlctec1.
.
.
You will CeDt1D.ue'to enforce measures prnious17 taken to pre'Y8Jlt.
except as p«rm1ttec1UD4er 11eenaes or other 1D.struotions prmou17
18SUN or hereatter i88~t
tr8DsaotieD or other 4ealing 1D. aD7'
aD,·
a. Prq>erq.oaN or cClltrollecl 4ireot17 or ln4irect17', a whole or
apart, b7 8D7ofthefollow1ng.
(1) The .Germ8D. Reich, or 8117 of the laeD.4er, Gaue or Pro'rillcel,
or other" similar po11 tioal subelivisionl or 8'117 aseDC7 or
iDstrum.ental1q. thereat, iDcludiDS all utilities " UDder
takiDgs, public corporations or lDOI1opo11s UDder cClltrol at
8'117 of the aboTe,
.
Governments, natiCllall or resi481lts of nations, other than
Cerman7, which haft been at var with 8'117 of the tJn1 ted NatiClls
at 8'l17 time siDce September I, 1939~ 8'114 goV8l'D.ID8D.ts, natieDala
mid resi4entl of terntories which have been occu,piedsiDce
that 4ate by such natiCll8 or by Gel'lll8ll7;
(3) '!'he NSDAP', all offices, 4epartm8llts, agen~ies 8'I1d org8'l11zatiCllI
fOl'lll.iD.& part of it. attached ·to, or cCIltrolled by it; their
.·officials, aDd such of. their leadiDg members 8'I1d sqppar.ters as·
,,
,{
, . , . be, known
~,.
to 7CIU. or be specified b$'. this BEJa4quarterl J
(4) .All persons while held under detentiCll or 8'117 other t,pe of
cuatoc17 b7 )'QUI
(5) Allorg8'l1izaticms, clubs or other associations prohibited or
dissolVed. b7 KUitar7 GovernmeD.t;
(6) A.bs_tee owners of neD-German natiCllalit7, iDcludhg lJDited
NatiClll, and neutral sovarnments, or their natiCllals, eel
CermaDs outsideol'German7;
(7) J.D.7 lrreb. municipality or other similar local subdhi.aiCll;
(8)J.D.7 iD.8tltutiCll. dedicated to public, worship, charity, educatiCll
or the arts and sci_ces, which has been used by the Nazi part 7
.. _to turth8r it.s interesta or to cloak its aotivities; 8l'1d
j
j
1/
Propert7 whichhu been the subject of tr8ll8fer UDder duress, Wl"CIlg
tul act of cont18catiCll, disposse88iCll or spo11atiCll, whether pur
'suant to leglelatiCll or by procedures PurportiDg to follow forma
at law or otherwise J
.
.
.
.
c. Works of art or cultural material of value or importanoe. regardless
of the ownership thereol.
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bcerpt, Secu:c. .1VII,iB100tiDc auci Ocllvol of
JlroPeri1'.
'1. Olasa~a·of PrguFV to be re.tricted.
You will CClltiDue "to .force meaau.re. prmoua17 taken to preY8Jlt,
exceptaa perm1tte4.UDder licenaea or other iDatructiona prn1owsl.7
ia~e4. or hereafter ia.~, an., trllll.aetiCll ~ other dealing in an7'
a •.
Prq»81"t;,- owned or. CCIl'troUe4. direct17 or 1ndirect17. iD whole or
iDPaM. b7 an7atthefolloriDg.
·aerman Reich, or -7 of the taeuder, Gaue .or ProviDees,
or other' aimilar political subdivisions or an7 ageJ1C1 or.
inatr'lllel1talit;,- thereot, includiDg all utilities. under
takiDga. public carporatiClls or monopolis under cClltrol at
an7 of the aboYe;
.
(1) fte
(2) GoYermD8nt•• natiCllal8 or residents of nations, other than
0e1"ll8D7. which have been at war with an7 of the United NatiClls
at I4l7 time siDce September 1, 1939~ and goverDJII8nts, natiCllal8
, aDd residents of territories which have been occqpied siDce
that date b7 such natiCl18 or b7 German,.;
,,
(3) The NsnU>." all offices, depertments, asenoie. and organlzaticms
foming part of H~ attache4to, or ccmtrolled b7 it, their
.-officials, aDd such of. their leadiDg members and supporter. 88·
mq be known to 7(JU or be specified by this Headquarters;
..
(
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,
,
(4) .Allper.CIls whUe held under detentiCll or an7 other type of
custod7 b7 70UI
(5) .Allorganizatia:i.s, clubs or other associations prohibited or
di.solTed, bY ](111ter7 Govel'DDl.8nt I
(6) .A.b.eiltee owners of nCll-German nationa.lit7, including United
BatiClls. and neutral governm.ents, or their natiCllal., end:
Oer.maDs outsideatGerman7;
(7)
"
-'
"
,
.
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.An7 Kreis, municipallt7 or other similar local subdh1.• icm,
(6)An7 instituticm dedi catedto public, worship, chari t,., educati OIl
or the aris and 8ciences, which has been used b7 the Nazi part 7
_ ,_to further it,s interests or to cloak its activities; and
I
b.
'j
Pro.Pert7 which has been the subject of traDsfer under duress, YrCllg
tul act of contiscatiCll, dispossessiCll or spoliatiCll. whether pur
. 8U8D~ to legislaticm or b7 procedures purportiDg to foUow f01'm.8.
of law or otherwise,
.
.
.
c.
.
Wf0rk~_ of ari or cultural material of valus or im,portance, regard,leS8
o tua O1IDership thereat.
I
J/ tm'ET Directive.
.
,
.
to COIDIDaDdiDg Generals. J41Utar7 Di8tricta. 7 J
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�MILITbREGlERUNG _ DEUTSCHL;~D) 'f-tfS
KONTROLL-GEBIET DES OBERSTEN BEFEHLSHABERS
JA 60
A-
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - ' GERMANY
SUPREME COMMANDER'S AREA OF CONTROL
PROCLAMATION NO.1
Ihc people of
'An das
PROKLAMATION NR. 1
DEUTSCHE VOLK
. Ich, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberster Befehlshaber
der Alliierten Streitkrafte, gebe hiermit folgendes bekann t:
GERMANY
.I. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander,
lit'd Expeditionary Force. do hereby proclaim as follows:
I
I
Die Alliierten Streitkrafte, die unter meinem Oberbefehl
stehen, haben jetzt deutschen Boden betreten. Wir kommen
als ein siegreiches Heer, jedoch nicht als UnterdrUcker. In
dem deutschen GElbiet, das von Streitkraften unter meinem
Oberbefehl besetzt ist, werden wir den Nationalsozialismus
und den deutschen Militarismus vernichten, die Herrschaft
der Nationalsozialistischen Deutscnen Arbeiterpartei besei
ligen, die NSDAP auflosen sowie die grausamen, harten und
lIngerechten Rechtssatze und Einrichtungen, die von der
NSDAP geschaffen worden sind, aufheben. Oen deutscheri
Militarismus, der so oft den Frieden der Welt gestort hat,
werden wir endgUltig beseitigen. Filhrer der Wehrmacht
und der NSDAP, Mitglieder der Geheimen Staatspolizei und
andere Personen, die verdachtigt sind. Verbrechen und Grau
samkeHen begangen zu haben, werden gerichUich angeklagt
undo falls fur schuldig befunden, ihrer gerechten Bestrafung
zugefilhrt.
The Allied Forces serving under my command have now
\ered Germany. We come as conquerors, but not as op~
In the area of Germany occupied by the forces
MllliOClcr my command, Y"e shall obliterate Nazi-ism and Ger
Militarism. We shall ov~rthrow the Nazi rule,dissolve
Nazi Party and abolish the cruel, oppressive and dis
laws and institutions which the Party has
We shall eradicate that German Militarism 'which
so often disrupted' the peaoo of the world. Military
Party leaders,the Gestapo, and others suspected of
and atrocities will be tried and. if guilty, punished
they deserve.
II
II
supreme legislative; judicial and executive authority and
within the occupied territory. are vested in me as
supreme Commander of the Allied Forces and as Military
Governor, and the Military Government is·established to
these powers un~er my direction. ;'\11 persons in
occupied territ~ry will obey immediately and without
all the enactments and orders of the Military
Ir..wprnrnprlt Military G<lvernment C~urts will be established
tor the punishment of offenders. ' Resistance to the Allied
Forces will be ruthlessly stamped out. Other serious offenses
will be dealt with severely.
Die hOchste gesetzgebende. rechtsprechende und voll
zlehende Machtbefugnis und Gewalt in dem besetzten Gebiet
ist In meiner ,Person als Oberster Befehlshaber'der Alliierten
Streitkrafte und als Militar-Gouverneur vereinlgt. Die Mili
tarregierung ist eingesetzt, urn diese Gewalten unter meinem
Befehl. auszuiiben. AIle Personen in' dem besetzten Gebiet
haben 'unverziiglich und widerspruchslos aUe Befehle und
Veroffentlichungen der Militarregierung zu befolgen. Gerichte
der MiliUi.rregierung werden eingeset~t. urn Rechtsbrecher zu
verurteilen. Widerstand gegen die Alliierten Streitkrafte wird
unnachsichtlich gebrochen. Andere schwere strafbare Hand
lungen werden scharfstens geahndet.
III
All German courts and educational institutions within the
b
territory are suspended. The Volksgerichtshof, the
"
the' SS Police Courts and other special courts
C are deprived of authority throughout the occupied 'territory.
<:. Re-opening of- the criminal and civil courts and educational
institutions will be authorized when conditions permit.
IV
All officials are charged with the duty of l'emaining at
their posts until further orders, and obeying arid enforcing
all orders or directions of Military Government or the Allied
~
t Authorities addressed to the German Government or the
¥ German people. This applies also to officials, employees
,!: and workers of all public undertakings and utilities and to
( all other persons engaged in essential work.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER,
SUPREME COMMANDER
Allied E;xpeditionary Force
Aile deutschen Gerichte, Unterrichts- und Erziehungs
anstalten innerhalb des besetzten Gebietes werden bis auf
weiteres geschlossen. Dem Volksgerichtshof. den Sonder
gerichten, den SS Polizei-Gerichten und anderen ~lUl3e~
ordentlichen Gerichten wird iiberall im besetzten Geblet dIe
Gerichtsbarkeit entzogen'. Die Wiederaufnahme der Tatig
keit der Straf- und Zivilgerichte und die Wiedereroffnung
der Unterrichts- und ErziEihungsanstalten wird genehmigt,
sobald die Zustande es zulassen.
IV
AIle Beamte sind verpfiichtet, bis auf weiteres auf ihren
Posten zu verbleiben und alle Befehle und Anordnungen der
Militarregierung oderder Alliierten BehOrden, ?ie an. die
deutsche Regierung oder an das deutsche Volk ~.erlc~tet smd,
zu befolgen und auszuftihren. Dies gilt auch fur dIe Beam
ten, Arbeiter und Angestellten samtiicher offentlichen und
gemeinwirtschafUichen Betriebe, sowie fUr sonstige Personen,
die notwendige Tatigkeiten verrichten.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER,
Oberster Befehlshaber
der Alliterten Streitkrafte.
III
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
'1
.~
(
MILITitRREGlERUNG - DEUTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
PROCLAMATION NO. 1
To the People of Germany:
I, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commanding General,
United States Armed Forces in Europe, do' hereby proclaim
as fOllows:
I
As announced on 5 June 1945, supreme authority with
l'l'spect 10 Germany has been assumed by 'the Governments ,
PROKLAMATION NR. 1
AN DAS DEUTSCHE VOLK:
Ich, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberbefehlshab~r d~r
Amerikanischen ,Streitkrafte in Europa, erlasse hlerml1
folgende Proklamation:
I
Nach der Bekanntmachung vom 5. Juni 1~4~ haue~. ?ic
Regierungen der Vereinigten Staaten, des Verel~lgten Komg
reichs und der Union der Sozialistischen Sowletrepubllken
1
\
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Alle Anordnungen der IVIilitiirregierung und sons1ige
Anordnungeri (einschlieJ311ch Proklamationen, Gesetze, Ver·
ordnungen, Bekannlmachungen, Vorschriften und Anweisun·
gen), die von dem Obe!;,sten Befehlshaber del' Alli'ierten
"Streitkrafte oder in seinem Auftrage erlassen worden sind,
bleiben in der Amerikanischen Besatzungszone in vollem
Umfange in Kraft, soweit sie nicht ausdrUcklich von mil' oder
in meinem Auftrage aufgehoben oder abgeiindert worden
sind: Bei der Anwendung der 10 diesel' Zone jelzt geltenden
Anordnungen bedeutet jede Bezugnahme auf den Oberslen
Befehlshaber, die Alliierten Streitkrafte und die Alliierlen
MiliUirbehorden von diesem Tage ab den Oberbefehlshaber
der Amerikanischen Streitkrafte in Europa, beziehl!ngsweise
die Amerikanischen Streitkrafte in Deutschland, beziehungs
weise die Amerikanischen Militarbehorden in ~Deutschland.
All Military Government and other orders (including
proclamations, laws, ordinances, notices, regulations and
directions) issued by or under the authority of the Supreme
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, are continued in
full force and effect in the United States Zone of Occupation
except as specifically revoked or modified by me or under
my authority. In applying such orders now outstanding
within this Zone, all references to SUpreme Commander, to
Allied Expeditionary Force, and to Allied Military Authorities
shall be construed as referring' from this date forward to
the Commanding General, United States Armed Forces in
Europe, to the Armed Forces of the United States in Ger
many, and to the United States Military Authorities in Ger
many respectively.
IV
Dated: 14 July 1945.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
General of the Army
Commanding General of the United
States Armed Forces in Europe.
MILITARY GOVERNMENT - GERMANY
UNITED STATES ZONE
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MILI'l'aRREGIERUNG - DEtJTSCHLAND
AMERIKANISCHE ZONE
PROCLAMATION NO.2
PROKLAMATION NR. 2
th~
German p:oople in th::! United States Zone:
An das Deutsche Yolk in d'~r Amerikanischen Zone:
Ich, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Oberster Befehlshab~r
I, Gene-ral Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commanding General,
del' Amerikanischen Streitkrafte in Europa, erlasse hierml t
Tlnited States Forces, European Theater, ,do hereby proclaim
folg,ende Proklamation:
as follows:
Artikel I
ARTICLE I
Thel:e are hereby constituted within the United States , Innerhalb der Amerikanischen Besatzungszone werden
hiermit Verwaltungsg,~biete gebildet, die von jetzt ab (lIs
Zone of Occupation the follOwing administrative areas which
Siaaten bezeichnet werden; jeder Staat wird eine Staats
will henceforth be I"~ferred to as states and each of which
regierung haben. Die fOlgenden Staaten werden' gebildet:
will have a state government:
GROSS-HESSEN umfasst Kurhessen und Nassau (a~s
GREATER HESSEN - comprising Kurhessen and Nassau
schliesslieh der zugehorigen Exklaven und der Krcls C
(except,ing enclaves thereof and the Kreise Oberwester
Ob3rwesterwald, Unterwesterwald, Unterlahn und Sank!
wald, Unterwesterwald. Unterlahn and Sankt Goars
Goarshausen) und Hessen-Starkenbu'rg, Oberhes:;~n,
hausen) and Hessen-Starkenburg, Oberhessen, and the
und den ostlich des Rheines belegenen Teil von Rheln
part of Rheinh.~ssen east of the Rhine;"
hessen;
WURTTEMBERG-BADEN - comprising the Kreise Aalen,
WURTTEMBERG-BADEN umfasst die Kreise Aalen, Bal;:k
Backnang, Boblingen, Crailsheim" Esstingen, Gmund,
nang, Boblingen, Crailsheim, Esslingen, Gmund, GoP
Goppingen, Hall, Heidenheim, HeHbronn, Kunzelsau,
pingen, Hall, Heidenheim, Heilbronn, Kunzelsau. Leon
Leonberg, Ludwigsburg, Mergentheim, Nurtingen north
b~rg, Ludwigsburg, Mergentheim. NLirtingen nordlieh ~er
of the Autobahn, Ohringen, Stuttgart, Ulm, Vaihingen,
Autobahn, Ohringen, Stuttgart, Ulm. Vaih..ingen, Wal b
Wa,iblingen. the Landeskommissarbezirk Mannheim, and
lingen, den Landeskommissarbezirk Mannheim, und dIe
the Kreise Bruchsal, Karlsruhe Stadt and Land, and
Krcise Bruchsal, Karlsruhe Stadt und Land, und PIorz'
Pfcl'zheim Stadt and, Land;
heim Stadt und Land;
BAVARIA - comprising all of Bavaria as constituted in
BAYERN umfasst g,lnZ Bayern, wie es 1933 bestand, au~
1933, l,.'!ss Kreis Lindau.
schlielllich des Kreises Lindau.
ARTICLE n
ArUkel II
Kxcept as heretofore abrogated, suspended or modified by
Soweit das deutsche Recht, das zur Zeit der Besetzunii
Military Government or by the Control Council for Ger- i in Kraft war, nieht durch die Militl:irregicrung odt~r dell
1'0
mar
sha:
IV
pro:
Alle im Auftrage der, Militiirregierung odeI' sonst aut· whi
Grund der Ermachtigung des' Obersten Befehlshabers der
Alliierten Streitkriifte bis heute "vorgenommenen Ernennun·
gen und erteHten Vollmachten bleiben in vollem. Umfan~e
lautihren Bedingungen in Kraft, bis sie von mil' oder lfl
ineinem Auftrage widerrufen odeI' abgeandert werden.
Datum: 14. Juli 1945.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
D
General of the Army
Oberbefehlshaber del.'
Amerikanischen Streitkrafte in Europa.
All appointments heretofore made and all authorizations
heretQfore ,issued by order of Military Government or
otherwise under the authority of the Supreme Commander,
Allied Expeditionary Force, continue to be in full force and
effect according to their terms until, revoked or modified by
me' or under my authority.
.!
.
Die Amerikanische Besatzung3Zone ist von Amerikanischen
Streitkraften unter meincm Oberbef,ehl besetzt, und es be.
steht dadn unter meiner Autoritat eine Militarregierung.
Jede Person in dieser Regierungszone hat unverzugtich und
bedingung310s alle Rechtssatze und Anordnungen zu befol
gen, soweit sie in. Kraft bleiben, oder von mir oder in
meinem.Auftrage erlassen werden.
III
1
.
,
und die Provisorische Regierung der Franzosischen Republik
die hOchste Autoritat hinsichtlich Deutschlands Ubernommen.
The United StatesZone of Occupation is occupied by United
States Forces under my command. and a Military Govern
ment under my authority is established therein. All persons
in such Government Zone will obey immediatelY and without
question all of the enaclments and orders continued in effect
or issued by me or under my authority.
I
.
of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Union of So
cialist Soviet Republics, and the Provisional 'Government of
.the French Republic.
II
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\?oY VI
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\Y7
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
(5) absentee owners, including United Nations and neutral governments;
(6) any institution dedicated to public worship, charity, education or the
arts and sciences, which has been usea by the Nazi party to further its interests
or to cloak its activities;
..
(7) persons subject to arrest under the provisions of paragraph 7, and all,
other persons specified by military government by inclusion in lists or otherwise;
b. Property which has been the subject oftransfer under duress, or wrongful
acts of confiscation, disposition or spoliation, whether pursuant to legislation
or by procedures purporting to follow forms of law or otherwise;
c. Works of art or cultural material of value or importance, regardless of
the ownership thereof.
, You will take such action as will ensure that any impounded or blocked
assets will be dealt with only as permitted under licenses or other instructions
which you may issue. In the case particularly of property blocked under a (2)
above, you will proceed to adopt licensing measures which, while maintaining
such property under surveillance, would permit its use in consonance with
this directive. Property taken from Austrians under the conditions stated in b
above should be restored as promptly as possible, subject to appropriate safe
guards to prevent the. cloaking of Nazi, German or militaristic influence.
The Allied Council should seek out and reduce to the possession and control
of a special agency all property interests of any type and description owned either
directly or indirectly by Germany or a national or a resident thereof. .
XII
194
External Financial ana Property Relations
56. All foreign exchange transactions, including those arising out of exports
and imports, shall be controlled for the purpose of achieving the objectives set
forth in this directive. To effectuate such objectives the Allied Council should
, a. seek out and reduce to the possession and control of a special agency all
Austrian (public and private) foreign exchange and externaf assets of every
,
kind and description located within or outside Austria;
b. prohibit, except as authorized by regulation or license, all dealings ingold,
silver, foreign exchange, and all foreign exchange transactions of any kind;
c. make available any foreign exchange proceeds of exports for payment of
imports necessary to the accomplishment of the objectives set forth in this di
rectiveand authorize no other outlay of foreign exchange assets for purposes
approved by the Allied Councilor other appropriate authority;
d. establish effective controls with respect to all foreign exchange transactions,
including:
(1) transactions as to property between persons inside Austria and persons
outside Austria;
(2) transactions involving obligations owed by or to become due from
'
any person in Austria to any person outside Austria; and
(3) transactions .involving the importation or' exportation from Austria of
any currency, foreign exchange asset or other form of property.
57. The Allied Council should, in cooreration with the Control Council in
Germany, take steps necessary to sever al managerial and other organizational
connections of banks, including postal banking offices, and all other business
enterprises located in Austria with banks' and business enterprises or persons
'
.
located in Germany.
195
REPORT ON THE TRIPARTITE CONFERENCE OF POTSDAM
AU2Ust 2, 19451
\
On July 17, 1945, the President of the Unitc:d States of America, Harry S.
Truman; the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissimo J. V. Stalin and the Prime Minister
of Great Britain, Winston S. Churchill, together with Mr. Qement R. Attlee.
met in the Tripartite Conference of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
ForeignSecretaries of the three Governments, Mr. James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M.
Molotoff, and Mr. Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, and other advisers.
There were nine meetings between July 17 and July 25. The Conference was
then interrupted for two days while the results of the British general election
were being aecla.red.
On July 28 Mr~ Attlee returned to the Conference as Prime Minister, accom
panied by the new Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ernest Bevin.
Four days of further discussion then took place. During the course of the Con
ference there were regular meetings of the heads of the three Governments
accompanied by the Foreign Secretaries, and also of the Foreign Secretaries alone.
Committees appointed by the Foreign Secretaries for preliminary consideration
of questions before the Conference also met daily.
.
The meetings of the Conference were held at the Cecilienhof, near Potsdam.
The Conference ended on August 2, 1945.
Important deciSions and agreements were reached. Views exchanged on a
number of other questions and considerations of these matters will be continued
by the Council of Foreign Ministers established by the Conference.
Presjd~nt Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and Prime Minister Attlee leave this
Conference, which has strengthened the ties between the three Governments and
extended the scope of their collaboration and understanding, with renewed con
fidence that their Governments and peoples, together with the other United
Nations, will insure the creation of a just and enduring peace.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS
The Conference reached an agreement for the establishment of a Council
of Foreign Ministers representating the five principal powers to continue the
necessary preparatory work for the peace settlements ana to take up other mat
ters which from time to time may be referred to the Council by agreement of
the Governments participating in the Council.
The text of the agreement for the establishment of the Council of Foreign
Ministers is as follows:
,1. There shall be established a Council composed of the Foreign Ministers
of the United Kingdom, the Union' of the Soviet Socialist Republics, China,
.
France and the United States.
2. (I) The Council shall normally meet in london, which shall be the per
manent seat of the Joint Secretariat which the Council will form. Each of the
Foreign Ministers will be accompanied by a high-ranking deputy, duly autho
rized to carry on the work of the Council in the absence of his Foreign Minister,
and by a small staff of technical advisers.
'Tbe Potsdam Declaration was released to the press on August 2, 194'. Department of
State, Bul/elin, Vol. XIII (194,), pp. 153-161.
�?;~
196
~~,
,~",
APPENDIX
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(II) The first meeting of the Council shall be held in London not later than
September 1, 1945. Meetings may be held by common agreement in other capi
tals as may be agreed from time to time.
3. (I) As its immediate important task the Council shall be authorized to
draw up, with a view to their submission to the United Nations, .treaties of
peace with Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland, and to propose set
tlements of territorial questions outstanding on the termination or the war in
Europe. The Council shall be utilized for the preparation of a peace settlement
for Germany to be accepted by the government of Germany when a govern
ment adequate for the purpose is established.
(II) For the discharge of each of these tasks the Council will be composed
of the members· representing those states which were signatory to the terms of
surrender imposed upon the enemy state concerned. For the purpose of the
peace settlement for Italy, France shall be regarded as a signatory to the terms
of surrender for Italy. Other members will be invited to participate when mat
ters directly concerning them are under discussion.
(III) Other matters may from time to time be referred to the Council by
agreement between the member Governments.
4. (I) Whenever the Council is considering a question of direct interest to
a State not represented thereon, such State should be invited to send representa
tives to participate in the discussion and study of that question.
(II) !he Council may adapt its procedure to the particular problem under
consideration. In some cases it may hold its own preliminary dIscussions prior
to the participation of other interested states. In other cases, the Council may
convoke a formal conference of the state chiefly interested in seeking a solution
of the particular problem;
In accordance with the decision of the Conference the. three Governments
have each addressed an identical invitation to the Governments of China and
France to adopt this text and to join in establishing the Council.
.
The establishment of the Council of Foreign Ministers for the specific pur
. poses named in the text will be without prejudice to the agreement of the Cri
mea Conference that the~e should be periodic consultation among the Foreign
Secretaries of the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the
United Kingdom.
The Conference also considered the position of the European Advisory Com
mission in the light of the agreement to establish the Council of Foreign Mini
sters. It was noted with satisfaction that the Commission had ably discharged
its principal task by the recommendations that it had furnished for the terms
of Germany's unconditional surrender, for the zones of occupation in Germany
and Austria and for the inter-Allied control machinery in those countries. It
was felt that further work of a detailed character for the coordination of Allied
policy for the control of Germany and Austria would in future fall within the
competence of the Allied Control Council at Berlin and the Allied Commission
at Vienna. Accordingly, it was agreed to recommend that the European Advis
ory Commission be dissolved.
GERMANY
The Allied armies are in occupation of the whole of Germany and the Ger
man people have begun to atone for the terrible crimes committed under the
leadership of those whom in the hour of their success they openly approved and
blindly .obeyed.
197
THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO GOVERN
THE TREATMENT OF GERMANY IN THE
INITIAL CONTROL PERIOD
A. POLITICAL PRlNCIPLES.
1. In accordance with the agreement on control machinery in Germany, su
preme authority in Germany is exercised on instructions from their respective
Governments, by the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United
States of America, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
and the French Republic, each in his own zone of occupation, and also jointly,
in matters affecting Germany as a whole, in their capacity as members of the
Control Council.
2. So far as is practicable, there shall be uniformity of treatment of the Ger
man population throughout Germany.
.
3. The purposes of the occupation of Germany by which the Control Council
shall be guided are:
(I) The. complete disarmament and demilitarizatipn of Germany and the
elimination or control of all German industry that could be used for military
production. To these ends:
(a) All German land, naval and air forces, the S.S., S.A., S.D., and Gestapo,
with all their organizations, staffs and institutions, including the General Staff,
the Officers' Corps, Reserve Corps, military schools,. war veterans' organizations
and all other military and quasi-military organizations, together with all clubs
and associations which serve to keep alive the military tradition in Germany,
shall be completely and finally abolished in such manner as permanently to pre
vent the revival or reorganization of German militarism and Nazism.
(b) All arms, ammunition and implements of war and all specialized facili
ties for their production shall be held at the disposal of the Allies or destroyed.
The maintenance and production of all aircraft and all arms, ammunition and
implements of war shall be prevented.
(II) To convince the German people that they have suffered a total military
defeat and that they cannot escape responsibility for what they have brought
upon themselves, since their own ruthless warfare and the fanatical Nazi resist
ance have desttoyed German economy and made chaos and suffering inevitable
v·
�(""''''''\
198,
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(III) To destroy the National Socialist Party and its affiliated and supervised
organizations, to dissolve all Nazi institutions, to insure that they are not revived
in any form, and to prevent all Nazi and militarist activity or propaganda.
/
(IV) To prepare for the eventual reconstruction of German l'0litical life
" . on a democratic basis and for eventual peaceful cooperation in International
.
" life by Germany.
(4) All Nazi laws which provided the basis of the Hitler regime or estab
lished discrimination on grounds of race, creed, or political opinion shall be
abolished. No such diScriminations, whether legal, administrative or otherwise,
shall be tolerated.
5. War criminals and those who have participated in planning ~r carrying
out Nazi enterprises involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes shall be
arrested and brought to judgment. Nazi leaders, influential Nazi supporters
and high officials of Nazi organizations and institutions and any other persons
dangerous to the occupation or its objectives shall be arrested and interned. .
6. All members of the Nazi party who have been more than nominal par·
ticipants in its activities and all other persons hostile to Allied put'eoses shall
be removed from public and semi-publtc office and from positions of responsi
. bility in important, private undertakings. Such persons shall be replaced by per
sons who, by their political and moral qualities, are deemed capable of assist
ing in developing genuine democratic institutions in Germany.
7. German education shall be so controlled as. completely to eliminate Nazi
and militaristic doctrines and to make possible the successful development of
democratic ideas.
8. The judicial system will be reorganized in accordance with the principles
of democracy, of justice under law, and of equal rights for all citizens without
distinction of race, nationality or religion.
9. The administration of affairs in Germany should be directed toward the
decentralization of ~he political structure and the development of local respon
sibility. To this end:
.
(I) Local self-government shall be restored throughout Germany on demo
cratic principles and in particular through elective councils as rapidly as is con
sistent with military security and the purposes of military occupation;
(II) All democratic political parties with rights of assembly and of public
discussions shall be allowed and encouraged throughout Germany;
~ (III) ReI;'resentatives and elective principles shall be introduced into reo
gional, provtncial and state (land) administration as rapidly as may be justified
'" by the successful application of these principles in local self-government;
,
\
(IV) For the time being no central German Government shall be established.
Notwithstanding this, however, certain essential central German administra . e
de artments, head
sha
e e l e, pa lCU arl in
.the
s 0 nance trans ort, communications forei
n In ust'"
<Su epa ments will act un er e Irection 0 the Control Council.
10. Subject to the necessity for maintaining military security, freedom of
speech, press and religion shall be permitted, and religious institutions shall
be respected. Subject likewise to the maintenance of military security, the for
mation of free trade unions shall be permitted. '
~
B, ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
11. In order
~o
eliminate Germany's war potential, the production of arms,
APPENDIX
1
;
'j
'I
¥
1
~j.,
'i
i
c~
-----------------------------
199
ammunition and implements of war as well as all types of aircraft and sea
going ships, shall be prohibited .and prevented. Production of metals, chemicals,
machinery and other items that are directly necessary to a war economy shall
be rigidly controlled and restricted to Germany's approved postwar peacetime
needs to meet the objectives stated in paragraph 15. Productive capacity not
needed for permitted production shall be removed in accordance with the repa
rations plan recommended by the Allied Commission on reparations and ap
proved by the Governments concerned, <?r if not removed shall be destroyed.
12. At the earliest practicable date the .German economy shall be decentral
ized for the purpose of eliminating the present excessive concentration. of eco:
nomic power as exemplified in particular by cartels, syndicates, trusts and other
monopolistic arrangements.
13. In organizing the German economY'Jrimary emphasis shall be given to
the development of agriculture and peacef domestic tndustries.
14. During the period of occupation Germany shall be treated as a single
economic unit. To this end common policies shall be established in regard to:
(a) Mining and industrial production and allocations;
(b) Agriculture, forestry and fishing;
(c) Wages, prices and rationing;
(d) Import and export program for Germany as a whole;
(e) Currency and banking, central taxation and customs;
(f) Reparation and removal of industrial war potential;
(g) Transportation and communications.
In apflying these policies account shall be taken, where appropriate, of vary
ing loca conditions.
15. Allied controls shall be imposed upon the German economy, but only
to the extent necessary:
. ( a ) To carry out rrograms of industrial disarmament and demilitarization,
of reparations, and 0 approve.d exports and imports.
(b) To assure the prOduction and maintenance of goods and serVices re
quired to meet the needs of the. occupying forces and displaced persons in Ger
many, and essential to maintain in Germany average living standards not ex
ceeding the average of the standards of living of European countries. (Euro
pean countries means all European countries, excluding the United Kingdom
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.)
' .
(c) To ensure in the manner determined by the Control Council the equi
table distribution of essential commodities between. the several zones so as to
produce a balanced economy throughout Germany and reduce the need fot
imports.
(d) To control German industry and 'all economic and financial international
transactions, including exports and imports, with the aim of preventing Ger
many from developing a war potential and of achieving the other objectives
named herein.
(e) To control all German public or private scientific bodies, research and
experimental institutions, laboratories, etc., connected with economic activities.
16. In. the imposition and maintenance of economic cOntrols established by
the Control Council German administrative machinery shall be created and the
German authorities shall be required to the fullest extent practicable to rodaim
and assume administration of such controls. Thus it should be br
e
to the German people that the responsibility for the a minIstration of such
___
�t"".~'\.'I.
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
control
d an reakdown in e
selves. Any
erman controls which may run counter to the objectives of occupation will
be prohibited.
"
17. Measures shall be promptly taken:
(a) To effect essential repair of transport;
(b) To enlarge coal production;
(c) To maximize agricultural output; and
(d) To effect emergency repair of housing and essential utilities.
18. Appropriate steps shall be taken by the Control Council to exercise con
trol and the power of disposition over German-owned external assets not already
under the control of United Nations which have taken part in the war against
Germany.
' ,
19. Payment of reparations should leave enough resourCes to enable the Ger
man people to subsist without external assistance. In wOt'king out the economic
balance of Get'many the necessary means must be provided to pay for imports
appt'oved by the Contt'ol Council in Germany.' The proceeds of exports from
current production and stocks shall be available in the first place for payment
for such imports.
The above clause will not apply to the equipment and products referred to
in paragraphs 4 (a) and 4 (b) -of the reparations agreement.
and shall be completed within two years from the determination specified in
paragraph 5. The delivery of products covered by 4 (a) above shall begin as
soon as possible and shall be ma.de by the USSR in agreed installments within
five years of the date hereof. The determination of the amount and characte!
of the industrial capital equipment unnecessary for the German peace economy
and therefore available for reparations shall be made by the Control Council
under policies fixed by the Allied Commission on Reparations, with the parti.
cipation of France, subject to the final approval of the Zone Commander in the
ZOne from which the equiymentis to be removed.
7. Prior to the fixing 0 the total amount of equipment subject to removal,
advance deliveries shall be made in respect of such equipment as will be deter
mined to be eligible for delivery in accordance with the procedure set forth in
the last sentence of paragraph 6.
8. The Soviet Government renounces all claims in respect of reparations
to shares of German enterprises which are located in the western zones of
occupation in, Germany, as well as to German foreign assets in all countries,
except those specified in paragraph 9 below.
'
The Governments of the United Kingdom and the United States of America
renounce their claims in respect of reparations to shares of German enterprises
which are located in the eastern zone of occupation in Germany, as well as
to German foreign assets in Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Rumania and eastern
Austria.
10. The Soviet Government makes no claims to gold captured by the Allied
troops in Germany.
200
-
~+-;.."
REPARATIONS FROM GERMANY
In accordance with the Crimea decision that Germany be compelled to com
pensate to the greatest possible extent for the lass and suffering that she has
~ caused 19 the Unjted NatiQps and for which -the German peopre canril::n:'-estap!"
- - C'espOiiSibility, the following agreement on reparations was reached:
, 1. Reparation claims of the USSR shall be met by removals from the zone
of Germany occupied by the USSR and from appropriate German external assets.
2. The USSR undertakes to settle the reparation claims of Poland from its
own share of reparations.
3. The reparation claims of the United States, the United Kingdom and othet
countries entitled to reparations shall be met from the western zones and from
appropriate German external assets.
,
4. In addition to the reparations to be taken by the USSR from its own zone
of occupation, the USSR shall receive additionally from the western zones:
(a) Fifteen per cent of such usable and complete industrial capital equip
ment, in the first place from the metallurgical, Chemical and machine manu
facturing industries, as is unnecessary for the German peace economy should
be removed from the western zones of Germany, in exchange for an eguivalent
value of food, coal, potash, zinc, timber, clay products, petroleum products and
such other commodities as may be agreed upon.
'
(b) Ten per cent of such industrial capital equipment as is unnecessary
for the German/eace economy and should be removed from the western zones,
to be tr-ansferre to the Soviet Government on reparations account without pay
ment or exchange of any kind in return.
_ Removals of equipment as provided in (a) and (b) above shall be made
simultaneously.
5. The amount of equipment to be removed from the western ZOnes on account
of reparations must be determined within six months from now at the latest.
6. Removals of industrial capital equipment shall begin as soon as possible
;~
"
J
"i
-
201
DISPOSAL OF THE GERMAN NAVY AND MERCHANT MARINE
The Conference agreed in principle upon arrangements for the use and
disposal of the surrendered German fleet and merchant ships~ It was decided
that the three governments would appoint experts to work out together detailed
plans to give effect to the agreed principles. A further J' oint statement will be
published simultaneously by the three governments in ue course.
1
CITY OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ADJACENT AREA
The Conference examined a proposal by the Soviet Government that pending
the final determination of territorial questions at the peace settlement the sec
tion of the western frontier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which
is adjacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point on the eastern shore of
the Bay of D!!Ozig to the east, north of Braunsberg-Goldap, to the meeting point
of the frontiers of Lithuania, the Polish Republic and East Prussia.
The Conference has agreed in principle to the proposal of the Soviet Govern
ment concerning the ultimate transfer to the Soviet Union of the city of Koenigs
berg and the area adjacent to it as described above, subject to expert examination
of the actual frontier.
The President of the United States and the British Prime Minister have de
clared that they will support the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming
peace settlement.
'
WAR CRIMINALS
The three governments have taken note of the discussions which have been
proceeding in recent weeks in London between British, United States, Soviet
and French representatives with a view to reaching agreement on the methods
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
of trial of those major war criminals whose crimes under the Moscow Declara
tions of October 1943, have no particular geographical localization.
The three Governments reaffirm their intention to bring those criminals to
swift and sure justice. They hope that the negotiations in London will result
in speedy agreement being reached for this purpose, and they regard it as a
matter of great importance that the trial of those major criminals should begin
at the earliest possible date. The first list of defendants will be published before
September 1.
AUSTRIA
The conference examined a proposal by the Soviet Government on the ex
tension of the authority of the Austrian Provisional Government to all of
Austria.
The three Governments agreed that they were prepared to examine this
.q~estion after the entry of the British and American forces into the city of
VIenna.
POLAND
The conference· considered questions relating to the Polish Provisional Gov
ernment and the western boundary of Poland.
On the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity they defined their
attitude in the following statement:
A. We have taken note with pleasure of the agreement reached among
representative Poles from Poland and abroad which has made possible the
formation, in accordance with the decisions reached at the Crimea Conference,
of a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity recognized by the three
Powers. The establishment by the British and United States Governments of
diplomatic relations with the Polish Provisional Government has resulted in
the withdrawal of their recognition from the former Polish Government in
London, which no longer exists.
The British and United States Governments have taken measures to protect
the interest of the Polish Provisional Government, as the recognized Govern
ment of the Polish State,. in the property belonging to the Polish State located
in their territories and under their control, whatever the form of this property
may be. They have further taken measures to prevent alienation to third parties
of such property. All proper facilities will be given to the Polish PrOVIsional
Government for the exercise of the ordinary legal remedies for the recovery
of any propertj belonging to the Polish State which may have been wrongfully
alienated.
The three Powers are anxious to assist the Polish Provisional Government
in facilitating the return to Poland as soon as practicable of all Poles abroad
who wish to go" including members of the POlish armed forces and the
merchant marine. They expect that those Poles who return home shall be
accorded personal and property rights on the same basis as all Polish citizens.
The three Powers note that the Polish Provisional Government, in accordance
with the decisions of the Crimea Conference, has agreed to the holding of free
and unfettered elections as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage
and secret ballot in which all democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall' have the
right to take part and to put forward candidates, and that representatives of the
Allied press shall enjoy full freedom to report to the world upon developments
in Poland before and during the elections.
B.. The following agreement was reached on the western frontier of Poland:
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In conformity with the agreement on Poland reached at the Crimea Con
ference the three heads of Government have sought the opinion of the Polish
Provisional Government of National Unity in regard to the accession of terri·
tory in the north and west which Poland should receive. The president of the
National Council of Poland and members of the Polish Provisional Govern·
ment of National Unity have been received at the conference and have fully
presented their' views. The three heads of Government reaffirm their opinion
that the final de·limitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the
peace settlement.
The three heads of Government agree that, pending the final determination
of Poland's western frontier, the former German territories east of a line
running from the Baltic Sea immediately west of Swinemiinde, and thence
along the Oder River to the confluence of the western Neisse River and along
the western Neisse to the Czechoslovak frontier, including that portion of East
Prussia not placed under the administration of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics in accordance with the understanding reached at this Conference and
including the area of the former free city of Danzig, shall be under the ad·
ministration of the Polish State and for such purposes should not be considered
as part of the Soviet zone. of occupation in Germany.
CONCLUSION OF PEACE TREATIES AND ADMISSION TO THE
UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION
The Conference agreed upon the following statement of common policy for
establishing, as soon as possible, the conditions of lasting peace after victory
in&~:
'
The three Govemments consider it desirable that the present anomalous
position of Italy, Bulgaria, Finland; Hungary and Rumania should be terminated
by the conclusion of peace treaties. They trust that the other interested Allied
Governments will share these views.
For their part, the three Governments have included the preparation of a
peace treaty for Italy as the first among the immediate important tasks to be
undertaken by the new Council of Foreign Ministers. Italy was the first of the
Axis powers to break with Germany, to whose defeat she has made a material
contribution, and has now joined with the Allies in the struggle against Japan.
Italy has freed herself from the Fascist regime and is making good progress
toward the re-establishment of a democratic government and institutions .. The
conclusion of such a peace treaty with a recognized and democratic Italian Gov
ernment wilf make it possible for the three Governments to fulfill their desire
to support an application from Italy for membership of the United Nations.
The three Governments have also charged the Council of Foreign Ministers
with the task of preparing peace treaties for Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary and
Rumania.
The conclusion of peace treaties with recognized democratic governments in
these states will also enable the three Governments to support applications from
them for membership of the United Nations. The three Governments agree to
examine, each separately in the near future, in the light of the conditions then
prevailing" the establishment of diplomatic relations with Finland, Rumania,
Bulgaria and Hungary to the extent possible prior to the conclusion of peace
treaties with those countries.
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
The three Governments have no doubt that in view of the changed conditions
resulting from the termination of the war in Europe, representatives of the
Allied press will enjoy full freedom to report to the world upon developments
in Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland,
As regards the admission of other States into the United Nations organiza,
tion, Article 4 of the Charter of the United Nations declared that:
"I. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving
States who accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the
judgment of the organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations;
"2, The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations
will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation
of the Security Council,"
.
The three Governments, so far as they arc concerned, will support applica
tions for membership from those States which have remained neutral during
. the war and which fulfill the qualifications set out above,
The three Governments feel bound however to make it clear that they for
their part would not favor any apflication for membership Jut forward by the
present Spanish Government, whIch, having been founde with the support
of the Axis Powers, does not, in view of its origins, its nature, its record and its
close as.sociation with the aggressor States, possess the qualifications necessary to
justify such membership_
undertaken. They agree that any transfers that take place should be effected
in an orderly and humane manner.
Since the influx of a large number of Germans into Germany would increase
the burden already resting on the occupying authorities, they consider that the
Allied Control Council in Germany should in the first instance examine the
problem with special regard to the question of the equitable distribution of these
Germans among the several zones of occupation. They are accordingly in
structing their respective representatives on the control council to report to
their Governments as soon as possible the extent to which such persons have
already entered Germany from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and to
submit an estimate of the time and rate at which further transfers could be
carried out, having regard to the present situation in Germany.
The Czechoslovak Government, the Polish Provisional Government. l/.Od the
Control Council in Hungary are at the same time being informed of the above
and are being requested meanwhile to suspend further expulsions pending the
examination by the Governments concerned of the report from their repre
sentatives on the control council.
204
TERRITORIAL TRUSTEESHIPS
The conference examined a/roposal by the Soviet Government concerning
trusteeship territories as define in the decision of the Crimea Conference and
in the Charter of the United Nations Organization.
After an exchange of views on this question it ,was decided that the dis
position of any former Italian territories was one to be decided in connection
with the preparation of a peace treaty for Italy and that the question of Italian
territory woUld be considered by the September council of Ministers of Foreign
Affairs.
REVISED ALLIED CONTROL COMMISSION PROCEDURE
IN RUMANIA, BULGARIA, AND HUNGARY
The three Governments took note that the Soviet representatives on the Allied
Control Commissions in Rumania, Bulgaria and Hungary. have communicated
to their United Kingdom and United States colleagues proposals for improving
the work of the control commission, now that hostilities in Europe have ceased.
The .three Governments agreed that the revision 0'£ the procedures of the
Allied Control Commissions in these countries would now be .undertaken,
taking into account the interests and responsibilities of the three Governments
which together presented the terms of armistice to the respective countries, and
accepting as a basis the agreed proposals.
ORDERLY TRANSFERS OF GERMAN POPULATIONS
The conference reached the following agreement on the removal of Germans
from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary:
The three Governments having considered the question in all its aspects,
recognize that the transfer to Germany of German populations, or elements
thereof, remaining in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary will have to be
.\
MILITARY TALKS
During the conference there were meetings between the Chiefs of Staff of
of the three Governments on military matters of common interest.
Approved:
J. V. Stalin,
Harry S. Truman,
C. R. Attlee.
XIII
DECLARATION DEFINING TERMS FOR JAPANESE SURRENDER
July 26, 1945 1
(1) We-the President of the United States, the President of the National
Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Brit
ain-representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred
and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.
(2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British
Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from
the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power
is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to
prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
.
.
.
(3) The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might
of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an
example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is
immeasurably greater than· that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis,
necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the
whole German reople. The full application of our military power, backed by
our resolve, wi! mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese
homeland.
'This Potsdam Declaration was issued by the heads of governments of the United
States, Great Britain, and China, the President of the National Government of China
communicating with President Truman by dispatch. Department of State, Bulle/in, Vol.
XIII (194,) pp. 137·138.
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Tripartite Conference at Berlin
(Released to the press by the Whlte House .august 21
ments and extended the scope of their collaboration
and understanding, with renewed confidence that
their governments and peoples, together with the'
other United Nations, will ensure the creation of a
just and enduring peace.
I
REPORT ON THE TRIPARTITE CONFERENCE OF
BERLIN
Loftu8.
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Organ- .
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KingRelat-
On July 11, 1945, the President of the United
States of America, Harry S. Truman, the Chair
man of the Council of People's Commissars of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalis
simo J. V. Stalin, and the Prime Mini~ter of Great
Britain, Winston S. Churchill, together with Mr.
Clement R. Attlee, met in the Tripartite Confer
ence of Berlin. They were accompanied by the
foreiO'n secretaries of the three governments, Mr.
b
,
James F. Byrnes, Mr. V. M. Molotov, and Mr..
Anthony Eden, the Chiefs of Staff, and other ad
visers.
There were nine meetings between July seven
teenth and July twenty-fifth. The conference was
then interrupted for two days while the results of
the British general election were being declared.
On July twenty-eighth Mr. Attlee returned to
the conference as Prime Minister, accompanied by
the new Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
lIr. Ernest Bevin. Four days of further discus
sion then took place. During the course of the
conference there were regular meetings of the
heads of the three governments accompanied by
the foreign secretaries, and also of the foreign sec
retaries alone. Committees appointed by the for
eign secretaries for preliminary consideration of
questions before the conference also met daily..
The meetings of the conference were held at the
CeCittenhoi iielI:r Put§dam. The conference endOO !
Oiiltugust 2, 1945. ..
Important decisions and agreements were
reached. Views were exchanged on a number of
other questions and consideration of these matters
will be continued by the council of· foreign min
isters established by the conference.
President Truman, Generalissimo Stalin and
Prime Minister Attlee leave this c'onference, which
~as strengthened the ties between the three governI
Iraq.
.via. •
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IT
ESTABLISHMENT OF A. COUNCIL OF FOREIGN
MINISTERS
.
The conference reached an agreement for the
establishment of a Council of Foreign Ministers
representing the five principal powers to continue
the necessary preparatory work for the peace set
tlements and to take up other matters which from
time to time may be referred to the Council by
agreement of the governments participating in the
Council.
The text of the agreement for the establishment
of the Council of Foreign Ministers is as follows:
1. There shall be established a Council composed
of the foreign ministers of tlie Un.ited Kingdom,
the Union 'of Soviet Socialist Republics, China,.
France and the United S~tes.
2.(i) The Council shall normally meet in Lon
don, which shall be the permanent seat of the joint
secretariat which the Council will form. Each of
the foreign ministers will be accompanied by a
high-ranking deputy, duly authorized to carryon
the work of the Council in the absence of his for:
eign minister, and by a small staff of t~hnical ad
visers.
(ii) The first meeting of the Council shall be
held in London not later than September 1, 1945.
Meetings may be held by' common agreement in
other capitals as may be agreed from time to time.
3. (i) As its immediate important task, the Coun
cil shall be authorized to draw up, with a view to
their submission to the United Nations, treaties
of peace with Italy,· Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary
and Finland, and to propose sett1emen~s of terri
torial questionS outstanding on the termination of
the war in Europe. The Council shall be utilized
for the preparation of a peace settlement for Ger
153
�154
many to be accepted by the government of Ger
many when a government adequate for the purpose
is established.
(ii) For the discharge of each of these tasks the
Council will be composed of the members repre
senting those states which were signatory to the
terms of surrender imposed upon the enemy state
concerned. For the purpose of the peace settle
ment for Italy, France shall be regarded as a sig
natory to the terms of surrender for Italy. Other
members will be invited to participate when mat
ters directly concerning them are under discussion.
(iii) Other matters may from time to time be
referred to the Council by agreement between the
member governments.
4. (i) Whenever the Council is considering a
question of direct interest to a state not repre
sented thereon, such state should be invited to
send representatives to participate in the discus
sion and study of that question.
(ii) The Council may adapt its procedure to
the particular problem under consideration. In
some cases it may hold its own preliminary dis- .
cussiops prior to the participation of other inter
ested states. In other cases, the Council may con
voke a formal conference of the state chiefly inter
ested in seeking a solution of the partiCUlar prob
lem..
In accordance with the decision of the conference
the three governments have each addressed an
identical invitation to the governments of China
and France to adopt this text and to join in estab
lishing the Council.
,The establishment of the Council of. Foreign
Ministers for the specific purposes named in the
text will be without prejUdice to the agreement of
the Crimea Conf~rence that there should be peri
odic consultation among the foreign secretaries of
the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics and the United Kingdom.
. The conference also considered the position of
the European Advisory Commission in the light of
the agreement to establish the Council of Foreign
Ministers. It was noted with satisfaction that the
Commission had ably discharged it!l principal
tasks by the recommendations· that it had fur
nished for the terms of Germany's unconditional
surrender, for the zones of occupation in Germany
and Austria, and for the inter-Allied control ma
chinery in those countries. It was felt that
further work of a detailed character for the coordi
nation of allied policy for th.e control of Germany
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETt'
and Austria would in future fall within the COlli.
petence of the Allied Control Council at BerliIJ
and the Allied Commission at Vienna. Accord.
ingly, it :was agreed to fecommend that tbe
European Advisory Commission be dissolved.
III
GERMANY
The Allied Armies are in occupation of the Whole
of Germany and the German people have begun to
atone for the terrible crimes committed under tbe
leadership of those whom in the hour of their
success, they openly approved and blindly obeyed.
Agreement has been reached at this conferelle~
on the political and economic principles of a co
ordinated Allied policy toward defeated Germam
during the period of Allied co~trol.
..
The purpose of this agreement is tg carry out
the Crimeg.. Declaration on Germaw.' German
militarism and Nazism wili be extirfated and tht
Allies will take in agreement together, now and in
the future, the other measures necessary to assurt
that Germany never again will threaten her neigh.
bors or the peace of the world.
It is not the intention of the Allies to destroy or
enslave the German people. It is the intention of
the Allies that the German people be given the
opportunity to prepare for the eventual recon,
struction of their life on a democratic and peaceful
basis. If their own efforts are steadily directed 10
this end, it will be possible for them in due cour,e
to take their" place among the free and peaceful
peoples of the world.
.
The text of the agreement is as follows:
The Political and Economic Principles to Go,'ern
the Treatment of Germany in the Initial Control
Period.
A. Political Principles.
1. In accordance with the agreement on con'
trol machinery in Germany, supreme authoril.r.
in Germany is exercised on instructions from their
respective governments, by the' Commanders-in Chief of the armed forces of the United States of
America, the United Kingdom, the Union of 8,0"
viet Socialist Republics, and the French Republ lc,
each in his own zone of occupation, and alsO
jointly, in matters affecting Germany as a whole,
in their capacity as members of the Control Cou n'
ciL
2. So far as is practicable, there shall be uni·
formity of treatment of the German populatioll
throughout Germany.
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�.f('eUST 5, 1945
3. The purposes of the occupation of Germany
br which the Control Council shall be guided are:
. (i) The complete disarmament and demilitari
zation of Germany and the elimination or control
of all German industry that could be used for mili
tllry production. To these ends:
(a) All German land, naval and air forces, the
5.S., S.A., S.D., and Gestapo, with all their organi
zations, staffs and institutions, including the Gen
('I'al Staff, the Officers' Corps, Reserve Corps, mili
tary schools, war veterans' organizations and all
llt her military and quasi-military organizations,
tocrrther with all clubs and associations which
:::>
~('!,\'e to ke~p alive the military tradition in Ger
Ill:lllY, shall be completely and finally abolished in
such manner as permanently to prevent the revival
'or reorganization of German militarism and
~nzism.
(b) All arms, ammunition and implements of
waF and all specialized facilities for their produc
vs:
155
any other persons dangerous to the occupation or
its objectives shall be arrested and interned .
6. All members of the Nazi party who have been
more'than nominal participants in its activ;ties '
and all other persons hostile to allied purposes
shall be removed from public and semi"public of
fice, and from positions of responsibility in im
portant private undertakings. Such persons shall
be replaced by persons who, by their political and
moral qualities, are deemed capable of assisting
in developing genuine democratic institutions in
Germany.
,
7. German education shall be so controlled as
completely to eliminate Nazi and militarist doc
, trines and to make possible the successful develop
ment of democratic ideas.
8. The judicial system will be reorganized in
accordance with the principles of democracy, of
justice under law, and of equal rights for ali citi
zens without distinction of race, nationality or'
religion.
9. The administration of affairs in Germany
should be directed towards the decentralization
of the political structure and the development of
local responsibility. '1'0 this end:
tion shall be held, at the disposal of the Allies or
destroyed. The maintenance and production of
all aircraft and all arms, ammunition and imple
lIlents of war shall be prevented:
(ii) To convince the German people t~at they'
(i) Local self-government shall be restored
h:tve suffered a total military defeat and that they
throughout Germany on democratic principles and
(:annot escape responsibility for what they have
in particular through elective councils as rapidly
hrought upon themselves, since their own ruthless
warfare and the fanatical Nazi resistance have de- , as is consistent with military security and the pur
poses of military occupation;
stroyed German economy and made chaos and suf
(ii) All democratic political parties with rights
f cring inevitahle.
of assembly and of 'public discussion shall be al
(iii) To destroy the National Socialist Party
lowed and encouraged throughout Germany;
and its affiliated and supervised organizations, to
(iii) Representative and elective principles
dissolve all Nazi institutions, to ensure that they
shall be introduced into regionsJ, provincial and
arc not revived in any form, and to prevent all
state (land) administration as rapidly as may
:\azi.and militarist activity or propaganda.
be justified by the successful application of thepe
(iv) To prepare for tile eventual reconstruc
principles in local self-government;
lion of German political life on a democratic basis
(iv) For the time being no central German gov
IInu for eventual peaceful cooperation in interna
ernment shall be established. Notwithstanding
<
tionallife by Germany.
this, however, certain essential central German
4. All Nazi laws which provided the basis of the
administrative departments, headed by state sec
iii tIer regime or established discrimination on.
retaries, shall be established,' particularly in the
g'l'ounds of race, creed, or political opinion shall
fields of finance, transport, communications, for
be abolished. N.o such discriminations, whether
eign trade and industry. Such departments will
legal, administrative' or otherwise, shall be
act under the direction of the Control Council.
tolerated.
10. Subject to the necessity for maintaining
5. War criminais and those who 'have partici
, military security, freedom of speech, press and
~!lted in planning or carrying out Nazi enterprises
religion shall be permitted, and religious insti
Involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes
tutions shall be respected. Subject likewise to the
shall be arrested and brought to judgment. 'Nazi
maintenance of military security, the forma,tiQu
le~ders, influential Nazi supporters and high of
of free trade @iQ~ sI,lall be permitted.
fiCIals of Nazi organizations and institutions and
�156
B. Economic Principles.
11. In order to 'eliminate Germany's war po
tential, the production of arms, ammunition and
implements of war as well as all types of aircraft
and sea-going, ships shall be prohibited and pre
vented. Production of metals, chemicals, ma
chinery and other items that are directly neces
sary to a war economy shall be rigidly controlled
and restricted to Germany's approved post-war
peacetime needs to meet the .objectives stated in
paragraph 15. Productive capacity n9t needed for
permitted production shall be removed in accord
ance with the reparations plan recoinm~nded by
the Allied Commission on reparations and ap
proved by'the governments concerned or if notre
moved shall be destroyed.
12. At the earliest practicable date, the Ger
man economy shall be decentralized for the pur
pose of eliminating the present excessive concen
tration of economic power as exemplified in par
ticular by cartels, syndicates, trusts and other.
monopolistic arrangements.
.
.
13. In organizing the German economy, pri
mary emphasis shall be given to the development
of agriculture and peaceful domestic industries:
14. During the period of. occupation Germany
'. shall be treated as a single economic unit. To this
end common policies shall be established in re
gard to:
(a) Mining and industrial production and allo
cations;
,
(b) Agriculture, forestry and fishing;
(c) .Wages, prices and rationing;
(d) Import an~ export.programs for Germany
as a whole;
.
(e) Currency and banking, central taxation and·
customs;
. (f) Reparation and removal of industrial war
potential; ,
(g) Transportation and communications.
In applying these policies account shall be
taken, where appropriate, of varying local con
.'
ditions.
15. Allied controls shall be imposed upon the
German economy. but only to the extent· necessary:
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(a) To carry out programs of industrial dis
armament and demilitarization, 'of reparations,
and of approved exports and imports.
(b) To assure the production and maintenance
of goods and services required to meet the needs of
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
the occupying forces and displaced persons
many and essential to maintain in Germany
,age living standards not exceeding the
the standards of living of European "U~IlIIho"~'"
(European countries means all European COUnY..
excluding the United Kingdom and the
Soviet Socialist Republics.)
(c) To ensure in the manner determined by
Control Council the equitable distribution -of
sential commodities between the several zoneF
as to produce a balanced economy throughout
many and reduce the need for imports.
(d) To control German industry and all
nomic and financial international traJlS:ll.ct:lOll5. •
cluding exports and imports, with the aim of
venting Germany from developing 'a war po!:ent1.
and of achieving the other objectives named _...._ .......
(e) 1'0 control all German public or
scientifi<: bodies, research and experimental
tutions, laboratories, et cetera, connected with
nomic activities.
16. In the imposition and maintenance of
nomic controls established by the Control
German administrative machinery shall be
and the German authorities shall be required
fullest extent practicable to proclaim and
administration of such controls. Thus it
be brought home to the German people that
responsibility for the administration of such ca
troIs and any breakdown in these controls will
with themselves. Any German controls
'"'
may run counter to the objectives of OCC'UPIII.'. ~',' (
will be prohibited.
..
17. Measures shall be promptly taken:
(a) To effect essential repair oftransporti
_
(b) To enlarge coal production;
1M
(c) To maximize agricultural output; and
..
(d) To effect emergency repair of housing
till
essential utilities.
18. Appropriate steps shall be taken by the
trol Council to exercise control and the power
disposition over German-owned external
already uniJer the control of United Nations
have taken part in the war against Germany·
19. Payment of reparations should leave _AIl"._-;:::
resources to enable the German people to
without external assistance. In working Ollt Ii
.economic balance of Germany the necessary 1llet1
must be provided to pay for imports appro-ved ~
the Control Council in Germany. The ""..,nI'PJeur
exports :from current production and stocks
!::
�.~VGUST 5, 1945
157
be fl.\'nilable in the first place for payment for such'
importS.
. The above clause will not apply to the equipment
and products referred to in paragraphs 4(A) and
4( B) of the Reparations Agreement.
IV
REPARATIONS FROM GERMANY
In accordance with the Crimea decision that
Germany be compelled to compensate to the great
est possible extent for the loss and Sllffering tb.3t
she has c
.
ations and for
W Jich the German people cannot esca e respon
sibility, the following agreement on reparations
was reached:
1. Reparation claims of the U.S.S.R. shall be
. met by removals from the zone of Germany occu
pied by the U.S.S.R.. and from appropriate Ger
mnn external assets.
2. The U.S.S.R. und~rtakes to settle the repara
tion claims of Poland from its own share of·
rl'pnrations.
3. The reparation claims of the United States,
tho United Kingdom and other countries entitled
to reparations shall be met from the western zones
lind from appropriate German external assets.
4. In addition to the reparations to be taken by
the U.S.S.R. from its own zone of occupation, the
U.S.S.R. shall receive additionally from the west
~rn zones:
s.
:portj
(A) 15 per cent of such usable and complete in
dustrial capital equipment, in the first place from
tho metallurgical, chemical and machine manufac
turing industries, as is unnecessary for the Ger
mnn peace economy and should be removed from
tho western zones of G~rmany, in exchange for
n.n equivalent value· of food, coal, potash, zinc,
limber, clay products, petroleum products, and
slich other commodities as may be agreed upon.
(B) 10 per cent of such industrial capital equip
ment as is unnecessary for the German peace econ
omy and should be removed ITom the western
zones, to be transferred to the Soviet Government
on reparations account without payment or ex
change of any kind in return.
Removals of equipment as provided in (A) and
(8) above shall be made simultaneously.
lh 5, The amount of equipment to be removed from
e western zones· on account of reparations must
be determined within six months from now at the
latest.
6. Removals of industrial capital equipment
shall begin as soon as possible and shall be com
pleted within two years from the determination
specified in paragraph 5. The delivery of prod
ucts covered by 4(A) above shall begin as soon
as possible and shall be made by the U.S.S.R. in
agreed installments within five years of the date
hereof. The determination of the amount and
character of the industrial capital equipment un
necessary for the German peace economy and
therefore available for reparations shall be made
by the control council under policies fixed by the
Allied Commission on "Reparations, with the par
ticipation of France, subject to the final approval
of the zone commander in the zone from which
the equipment is to be removed .
7. Prior to the fixing of the total amount of
equipment subject to removal,advance deliveries
shall be ma~e in respect· of such equipment as
will be determined to be eligible for delivery in
accordance with the procedure set forth in the
last sentence of paragraph 6.
8. The Soviet Government renounces all claims
in respect of reparations to shares of German en
terprises which are located in the western zones
of occupation in Germany as well as to German
foreign assets in all countries except those speci
"fied in paragraph 9 below.
9. The Governments of the United Kingdom
and the United States of America renounce their
Claims in respect of reparations to shares of Ger
man enterprises which are located in the eastern
zone of occupation in Germany, as well as to Ger
man foreign assets in Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary,
Rumania and Eastern Austria.
10. The Soviet Government makes no claims to
gold captured by the Allied troops in Germany.
v
DISPOSAL OF THE GERMAN NAVY AND MERCHANT
MARINE
. The conference agreed in principle upon ar
rangements for the use and disposal of the sur-·
rendered German fleet and merchant ships. It
was decided that the three governments would
appoint experts to work out together detailed plans
to give effect to the agreed principles. A further
joint statement will be published simultaneously
by the three" governments in due course.
�158 .
DEPA.RTMENT OF STA.TE OU'[,L!l1l.:;:
VI
CITY OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ADJACENT
AREA
The conference ~amined a proposal by the Bo
viet Government that pending the final· determi
nation of territorial questions at the peace settle
mentthe section of the western frontier of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which is ad
jacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point
on the eastern shore of the Bay of Danzig to the
east, north of Bratinsberg-Goldap, to the meeting
point of the frontiers of Lithuania, the Polish Re
.'
public and East Prussia.
The conference has agreed in principl~ to the
proposal of the Soviet Government concerning
the ultimate transfer to the Soviet Union of the
City of Koenigsberg and. the area adjacent to it
as described above subject to expert examination
of the actual frontier.
The President of the uirlted States and the
'British Prime Minister have declared that they
will support the proposal of tlie conferenCe at the
.' forthcoming peace settlement.
prepared to examine this question after the
of the ·British and American forces into the~Cirt·'IIl·h";'4~~
of Viel!na.
..,
.
IX
POLAND
The ~nference considered questions
the Polish Provisional Government and the
ern boundary of Poland.
On the Polish Provisional, Government of XI
tional Unity they defined their attitude in the
lowing statement :
A-We have taken note with pleasure of
agreement reached among representative
from Poland and. abroad which has made
~
the formation, in accordance with the aeclSlU'l. oil
reached at· the Crimea Conference, of a
1-.
Provisional Government of National
~I'•
ognized by the three powers. The est:n.bJ:ishnBflIl HI,
by the British and United States Governments
.011
diplomatic relations with the Polish .PrclvisiOlll
'." T
Government has resulted' in the withdrawal
pen- .
their recognition from the' former Polish ~
tI'D
ernment in London, which no longer exists.
~
vn
The British and Uriited States (lo'vAMlmel1111 lit
have taken measures to protect the interest of
iAd
WAR CRIMINALS·
Polish Provisional Government as the reC~()l!Jlli1li. h
. The three governments have taken note of the
government of the Polish State in t h e _
discussions which have been proceeding in recent
belonging to the Polish State located in their
.of f
weeks in London between British, United States, .
tories and under their control, whatever the .
1M
Soviet and French representatives with a view to
of this property may be. They have furthtlr
mel
r~aching agreement on the methods ·of trial of
measures to prevent alienation to third parties
Dar
those major war criminals whose crimes under the
such property. .All proper facilities will be
Pol
Moscow Declaration of October 1943. have no par
to the Polish Provisional Government for the
ClOD:
ticular geographicallocallzation. The three gov
cise of the ordinary legal remedies for the
tb
ernments ·reaffirm their intention to bring those
of any property belonging to the Polish
criminals to swift and sure justice. They hope
which may have been wrongfully alienated.
that the negotiations in London will result in
The three powers are anxious to assist the
. speedy agreement being reached for this purpose,
Provisional Government in facilitating the
and they regard it as a matter of great importance
to Poland as soon as practicable of all Poles
that the trial of those major criminals should be
who wish to go, including members of the
gin at the earliest possible date. The first list of
. armed forces and the Merchant·Marine.
defendants will be published before September
expect that those Poles who return home shall
first.
.
accorded pex:sonal and property rights on the
.VIn.
basis as all Polish citizens.
AUSTRIA
The three powers note that the Polish
visional Government in accordance with the
The conference examined a proposal by the So
cisions of the Crimea Conference has agreed to
viet Government on the extension of the authority
holding of free a:qd unfettered elections as
of the. Austrian Provisional Government to all of
. Austria..
.
as possible on the basis of universal suffrage
~ret ballot
wlUQh I\ll <lemocr.tic apd
Th~ three governme~ts a{fE'OOd Qlat ther Wen}
m
�159
,rcUST 5. 1945
.
.
tl'es shall have the right to take part and
pllr
t forward candidates, and that representa
,~ ~I~f the Allied press shall 'enjoy full freedom to
urt' t to the world upon developments in Poland
f\'~;e Ilnd during the elections.
".
ben-The following agreement. was reached on
,he western frontier of Poland:
'" ZI
• II
pleasure
,entative .
s made
i the
enated..
stthe
g the
Poles
f the
III conformity with the agreement on Poland
at the Crimea Conference the three heads
rear IIed
h
..
f th
(If government have sought t e OplJ::lOn 0 • e
POlSh Provisional Government of Na~lOnal Umty
•
f
.
. th
th
'
" (Y'lrd to the aCceSSlOn 0 terrItory ill . e nor
Jll reo'
h ould receIve. The
J west which Poland s
SII
President of the National Council of. Poland and
'hPrOVISlonaIG overnment
"
s of the Pobs
'J1~nlber
.
f \'"ational Unity have been receIved at the conIf', :llce and have fully presented their views. The
tn
ffi
th·
..
three beads of government rea rm elr opmI~n
I· . t the final delimitation of the western frontIer
11.1
.
l'
of Poland should await the peace sett ement.
The three heads of government agree that,
pt.'lIding the final"determination of Pol~nd~s west
I'rll frontier the former German terntorles east
Ilf a line ru~ing from the Baltic Sea immediately
west of Swinemunde, and thence along the Oder
m"'er to the contiuence of the western Neisse River
I1l1d along the western N eisse to the Czechoslov~k
frontier ' includinO' that portion of East PruSSIa
t:>
•
not placed under the administration of the Umon
()f Soviet Socialist Republics in accordance with
I he understanding reached at this conference and
including the area of the former free City of
Danzig, shall be under the administration of the
Pulish State and for such purposes should not be
considered as part of the Soviet zone of occupa
lion in Germany,
x
CONCLUSION OF PEACE TREATIES AND ADMIS.
SION TO THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION.
The conference agreed upon the following state
ment of ~ommon policy for establishing, as soon
as possible, the conditions of lasting peace after
tietory in Europe:
The three governments consic;ler it desirable that
. the present anomalous position of Italy, Bulgaria,
Finland, JIungary and Rumania should be termi
nated by the conclusion of peace treaties. They
trust that the other interested Allied governments
\ViIl share these views.
661247-4G--2
For their part the three governments have in
cluded the preparatIon of a peace treaty for Itdy
as the first among the immediate important tasks
to be undertaken by the new Council of Foreign
Ministers. Italy was the first of the Axis powers
to break with Germany, to whose defeat ~e has
made a material contribution, and has now joined
with the Allies in the struggle against Japan.
Italy has freed herself from the Fascist regime
and is making good progress towards the reestab
lishment of a democratic government and institu
tions. The conclusion of such a' peace treaty with
a recognized and democratic Italian government
will make it possible for the three governments to .
fulfill their desire to support an application from
Italy for membership of the United Nations.
The three governments have also charged the
Council of Foreign Ministers with the task of pre
paring peace treaties for Bulgaria, Finland, Hun
gary· and Rumania. The cOnclusion of peace
treaties with recognized democratic governments
in these states will also ena.ble the three govern
ments to support applications from them for mem
bership of the United Nations. The three gov
ernments agree to examine each separately in the
near future, in the light of the conditions then
prevailing, the' establishment of diplom~tic re~
lations with Finland, Rumania, BulgarIa, and
Hungary to the extent possible prior to the con
clusion of peace treaties with .those countries.
The three governments have no doubt that in
view of the changed conditions resulting from the
termination of the war in Europe, representatives
of the Allied press will enjoy full freedom to report
to the world upon developments in Rumania, Bul
garia, Hungary and Finland.
. As regards the admission of other states into
the United Nations-Organization, Article 4 of the
Charter of the United Nations declares that:
"1. Membership in the United Nations is open to
all other peace-loving states who accept the obli
gations contained in the present Charter. and, in
the judgment of the Organization, are able and
willing to carry out these obligations;
.
"2. The admission of any such state to member
ship in the United Nations will be effected by a
decision of tqe General Assembly up~n the recom
mendation of t~e Security Council."
The three governments, so far as they are con
cerned, will support applications for membership
from those states which have remained neutral dur
�160
a.
The ·three governments having considered
j,ng the war and which fulfill the quiilifications set .
..
out above.'
. question iIi all its aspects, recognize that the tran..
fer to Germany of.German populations, or e"
The three governments feel bound however to
. make it clear that they for their part would not
ments thereof, remaining in Poland, Czechosk
vakia and Hungary, will have to be undertakl'l
favor any application for membership put for
They agree that any transfers that take plaa
ward by the present Spanish Government, which,
should be effected in an orderly and humane IIlI!.
having been founded with the support of the Axis
nero
powers, d~s not, in view of its origins, its nature,
Since the inftux of a large number of Gel'lllari!
its record and its close association with the aggt.:es
sor states, possess the qualifications neCessary to
into Germany would increase the burden
justify such membership.
resting on the occupying authorities, they COIilSld!.
that the Allied Control Council in Germany
XI
.in the first instance examine the problem
special regard to. the question of the equitable di.
TERRITORIAL TRUSTEESIDP8
tribution of these Germans among the
The conference examined a proposal by the
zones of occupation. They are· accordingly ~ 1\
Soviet Government concerning trusteeship terri
structing their respective representatives on tJ,
tories aedefined in the decision of the Crimea Con
Control Council to report to their governments
'1\
ference and in the Charter of the United Nations
sOon as possible the extent to which such
n
Organization.
have already entered Germany from Polan:!
After anexchange.of views on this question it
was. decided that the disposition of any former . Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and to submit &I
estimate of the time and rate' at which
Italian territories was one to be decided in con
transfers could be carried out, having regard ~
nection with the preparation of a peace tl1laty for
the present situation in Germany. .
•
Italy and that the question of Italian territory
The Czechoslovak Government, the Polish JIn. til
would be considered by the September Council of
visional Government and the Control Council.
Ministers of Foreign Affairs.
III
Hungary are at the same time being informed
I
the above, and are being requested meanwhile
III
XII
suspend further expulsions pending the exnmint ".
. REVISED ALLIED CONTROL COMMISSION PRO;
tion by the governments concerned of the
f
CEDURE IN RUMANIA. BULGARIA. AND HUN.
GARY
.
from their representatives on the Control vv.....-.· " :
M
The three governments took note that·the Soviet .
XIV
1
representatives on the Allied Control Commissions
OIl
MIUTARY TALKS
in Rumania, Bulgaria and Hungary, have com
municated to their United Kingdom and United
During the conference there were meetings it
States colleagues proposals for improving the work
tween the Chiefs of Staff of the three ~T"·' "nmll'Jll'.
of the Control CommiSSion, now that hostilities in
on military matters of cOmnlon interest.
Europe have ceased.
. .
Approved :
The three governments agreed that the revision
J. V. S'fALIN
of the procedures of the .A.llied Control Commis
HAimY S. TntJ)fAS
.' .
sions in these countries would now be undertaken,
C. R. A'J'TLEE.
taking into account the interests and responsibil
ities of the three governments which together pre
LIST OF DELEGATIONS
sented the terms of armistice to the respective
FOR THE UNITED STATES
countries. and accepting as a basis the agreed
The President, ll6.B.BY S. TBUKAN
proposals.
•
XIII
.
.
ORDERLY TRANSFERS OF GERMAN POPULATIONS
The conference reached the following agreement
on the removal of Germans from Poland, Czecho
slovakia and Hungary:
.
The Secretary of State, lAKES F. BYRNES
Fleet Admlral WILLIAJo[ D. Ll!:ABY, U.S.N., Chief of
to the President
lOSEPH E. DAVI&J, Special Ambassador .
EDWIN P.a.tJIZY, SpeclalAmbassador
Ambassador ROBEaT D. MtlllPHY. Polltlcal Ad~lSer to
Commander·1n-Qhlef, United States Zone m Gern:lllP1
�..
~.
;",
-
_
n:IU:LL HARRIMAN, Ambassador to the U.S.S.n.
I of the Army, GEORGB C. MAllsB.ALT.., ChIef of
Stall',
4kDl'r:l
rulled States Army
.
Admiral E'aNEST 1. KING, U.S.N., ChIef of Naval
flt"t't •
Operations and Commander in ChIef, U.S. Fleet
If<'Ceral of the ArmY, H. H. ARNOLD, U.S. Army All' Forces
ral B REBON S. SoMItBVELL, Commanding General.
VeDt.'
.
'rlU" Service Forces
\1~ Admiral EMORY S.
I..iNn, War Shipping
IIJr
\\'UJJ.US
Admln~-
.
L. CLAY'J.'ON, Assistant Secretary of State
J un:s C. DUNN, Asslstant'Secretary of State
I;~ CollEN, Special Assistaut to the Secretary of State
.U. FKF.£)[AN MATTHEWS, Director of European Mairs, De- '
pnrtDlent of State.
.
ClUlLEs E. BoHLEN, Assistant to the Secretary, (together
. u-Ith polltlcal, mllltary and technical advisers). '.
fOR THE UNITED KINGDOM
The Prime Minister, Mr. WINSTON S. CHUBCllILL, JI,L P.;
Mr. O. R. ATTLEE, JI,L P.
TIll! secretary of State for Foreign Mairs,
Mr. Aln'B:ONY EDEN, M. P.
Mr. ERNEST BEVIN, JI,L P.
Lonl LEATHERS, Minister of War Transport
,
:0:11' .U.EXANDEB CADOGAN, Permanent Under Secretary of
Slnte tor Foreign Mairs
Sir AJicHIBALD CLArut KERB, H.M. Ambassador at Mo~w
l4lr WALTER MONaKTON, H~d qf the United Kingdom
IMt'gatioli to Moscow Reparations Commission
l'Ilr WU.tlAM: STRANG, PoUtlcal Adviser to the Commander
In·Cblet, British' Zone In Germany
NIl' EDWARD BIIIDOE8, Secretary ot the Cabinet
.'.-Id ){arsbal Sir AuN B.BOOXE, Chief of the Imperial
Ill'lIeral Stafr'
)fllfshal Of the Royal AIr Force, SlrClUlILII8 PoI1TAL,
Clllef ot the AIr Staff .
Admiral ot the Fleet, Sir ANDUW CmmmGHAM, First Sea
Lord
General Sir HAS'l'Il!fG8 ISMAY, Chlef ot Staff to the Mln
Ister ot Defence
"
-
.
"
~.,
, 161
.IfGt'ST 5. 1945
\\ . .l
:,'
Field Marshal Sir lI.uioLD Al:Ja:ANDEB, Supreme Allied
;, Commander. Medlterranean Theatre
.
Field Marshal Sir HltN:By MAITLAND WILSON, ~ead of. the
Bi'ltlsh lolnt Statf Mlsslon at Washlngton
and other advisers.
FOR THE SOVIET UNION
.
,
The Chairman ot the. Connell of People's CoJDJD1ssft1'S,
1. V. S'l'A..LJli
People's Commlssar for Foreign Affairs, V. JI,L MOLO'l'OV
Fleet Admlral N. G. Kl'JZ5E'1'8Ov, People's Commissar. the
Naval Fleet of the U.S.S.B. .
A. L Aln'oNOV, Ohlef of Statf of the Red Army
A. YA VYSBllJSltI, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign
. AJfa1rs
S. I. KAVTABAnzE, Assistant People's CommisSar tor For
eign Affairs
.. '
.. .
x.. JI,L MAIm, ASSistant People's' Commissar for Foreign .
AJfa1rs
Admiral S. G. -X:ucW:aov, Chief' of Staff of the Naval
Fleet
.
F. T. GUBEV, Ambassador 'Of the .Soviet Union In Great
Britain .
A. A. GsoJaXo. Ambassador of the Soviet UnIon in the
UnIted States of America
.
K. V. NOVlXOV, Member of th~ Collegium of the Commis
sariat for Foreign Mairs, Director ot the Second
European Division
S. K. TSA..RAPKIN, Member ot the Collegium of the Com
mlssariat..ior Foreign AJfa1rs, Director of the United
States Dlv1s1on
.
S. P. KozYmIW, Director of the First European Division
ot the Commissariat for Foreign Alralrs
A. A. LA.v:iusHCBEV, Director of the Dlvlslon of Balkan
. Countries,: Commissariat for Foreign Mairs
A. A. SoBou:v, Chief of the Polltlcal Section of the Soviet
Military Admlnlstrstlon In Germany
,
L Z. SABUBOV, Assistant to the Chlef ot the Soviet MIlI
t4ry Admfnlstratlon In Germany
A. A. GoLUNSXY, Expert consultant of the .Commlssarlat
for Foreign Affairs
and also political, military, and technical. assistants.
•
�2
A ~ear ot Potsdam
uJJ))l'\~ I~ \.wV j i
M. D~(\ . G I, ( ,
fi
A year ago Germany surrendered. At Potsdam theBi~Three
again would Germany menace the peace ot the world.
"All
~
decreed that never
U" r
Now Germany has been disarmed. Her ~, the tamous Wehrmacht, has been
smashed into bits. Her air torce--Goering's pride--has been destroyed. Her navy
has been broken up. Germany is also being disarmed industrially. High explosive
plants have been blown up. I. G. Farben, the world's bigsest cartel, has been
seized; its top management has been Jailed; some ot its many plants havf) been·
destroyed, some otteredtor reparations, and all put under separate control.
The Allied Control Authority has approved the Plan to~ Reparations--actually
a plan tor industrial disarmament. While somewhat more than halt ot Germany's
total pre-war industry will remain, only one-third ot the heavy industry which
made the steel, the big guns and the tanks tor Hitler's war ot aggression will be
lett. Germany is being demilitarized,denazitied and deindustrialized.
Today Germany, like much ot Europe, is hungry. Physical deterioration.trom
slow starvation has begun. Coal is short. A second winter with .little heat lies
ahead. These shortages exist not because ot reparation removals but because
those industries which are to remain in Germany cannot. yet be revived. Germany
is paying a heavy price tor the destruction she brought on herse.lt. But the tear
in Germany today goes deeper than hung~r and cold. It is the tear ot continued
economic paralysis--the tearot the continued separation ot Germany into tour
parts. For a year now Germany has been virtually cut into tour Zones ot Occupa
tion--with the Zone borders not merely military lines, but almost air-tight eco
nomic boundaries which prevent the tree flow ot tood and industrial products on
which a nation's economic lite depends.
The Potsdam Agreeme.nt stated categorically that Germany would operate as an
economic unit. The Reparations Plan was based on the principle, .and so stated.
The plan provided that enough industry was to remain to permit Germany a tolerable
standard ot liv~ng. But this could only be true it German resources were treely
available throughout Germany, and it the proceeds ot German exports could pay tor
food and other necessary .imports tor Germany as a whole.
50 tar this part ot Potsdam has not been made eftective. Until boundary
questions are settled, and the areathat is to be the tuture Germany becomes one
economic unit, the individual parts can never become selt-supporting. 50 tar
very little progress can be reported toward the tormation ot the German adminis
trative agencies agreed at Potsdam as necessary tocperate Germany as an economic
whole. There is no German government t o d a y .
The U.S. Zone depends historically ~n coal and steel trom the British Zone,
on tood and seeds tromthe Soviet Zone, on tertilizer and tin plate trom the
French Zone. Today the United states is spending perhaps two hundred million
dollars a year--over a halt. million dollars a day--to prevent starvation, disease
and unrest in the U.S. Zone. Without free trade with other parts ot Germany,
and without a common export program, the U.S. Zone can not pay its own way •
. The issue is clear. It Germany is to support herselt the Potsdam Agreement
must be m~de ettective. The status of the Saar and the Ruhr must be tinally de
ter~lnedand any necessary ch~ges in the Reparations Plan made. But the tuture'
Germany must be allowed to operate as an economic unit. Otherwise it is obvious
that the Reparations Plan and the industrial disarmament ot Germany cannot become
ettective as now planned, because the four Zones.cannot exist separately with
that amount of industry removed. The U.S. Delegation has 'theretore advised the
other Occupying Powers that until the situation is claritied, no reparationo
(j1J.~l
-:>
�,
(
I
I
"
"
"
.
'"
\"
,I
,
. .. .
.'
,
,
.'
..
.
I
I.'
.
'
94
plants other than the few agreed for advance deliveries will be dismantled. The
u. S. position on reparations remains unchanged. When the boundaries of the
future Germany are determined and ahe begins, to operate as one country,. indus- .
trial disarmament can proceed and a large share of her industrial plants, machin
ery. and equipment can go in reparations to the countries ravaged by Germany.
At Paris, a year after Potsdam, the Council of Foreign Ministers, debated
the issue. Our Secretary of State urged that the Potsdam agreement be mad.e ef
fective as a whole, that Germany be disarmed in both a military and. industrial
sense, that reparation be made to the devastated countries, that central German
administrative agencies be created and that Germany be treated as a single eco
nomic unit.
However, no agreement was reached. The U. S. Delegation then offered to
Join the economy of our Zone of occupation with anyone. or more of the other
zones. This would break down some at least of'the economic borders now choking
the economy. The intention is not to divide Germany, 'but to bring about the· eco
nomic unity called for by Potsdam as rapidly as possible. General McNarney, the
U. S.· Zone Commander, has officially confirmed our Government's offer to the
three other occupying powers at a meeting of the Allied Control Council.
A year of Potsdam has clarified the issue.
a whole or it must be revised.
Potsdam must be carried out as
Brigadier General WILLIAM H. DRAPER, JR.
Director, Economics Division
Office of Milit~y. Government
3
Reparations and the Future Level of German Industry
With the approval by the Control Council on March 26, 1946, of liTHE PLAN FOR
REPARATIONS AND THE LEVEL OF POST-WAR GERMAN ECONOMY IN' ACCORDANCE WITH THE
BERLIN PROTOCOL," eight months of intensive study and negotiations by the occupy
ing powers were successfully concluded. The ,plan, seventeen pages in length, is
the basis for specific determination of the nature and amount of industrial equip
ment to be removed as reparations. It is the first major step toward implementa
tion of those provisions of the Berlin Protocol which impose controls upon the
German economy to the extent necessary to "carry out programs of industrial dis
armament and demilitarization, of reparations, and of approved exports and imports.1t
The plan as finally approved 1s first of all a guide to industrial disarma
ment to assure, in the words of the Berlin Protocol "that Germany never again will
threaten her neighbors or the peace of tne world." Reparations are a part of
industrial disarmament--of the process of eliminating industry not necessary to
the maintenance of a German standard of living "not exceeding the average of
standards of living of European countries," excluding the U. K. and the U. S. S. R.,
but sufficient "to enable the'German pepple to subsist without external assist
ance." With these principles before them, the experts were confronted with two
apparently irreconcilable facts.. Nearly all indus try' supports modern war,' but' it
also supports people. With her present territory and population, Germany cannot
subsist without large imp'orts, particularly of food, ano. exports of industrial
products are the only known source of payment--unless the occupying powers make
gifts. The history of the reparations plan is essentially the history of an
effort by quadripartite study and negotiation to strike a balance between the re
quirements of economic disarmament and of self-support.
�95
standard ot Living Board
The United states' contribution to the solution ot this problem began with
the organization of the German Standard of Living Board to frame preliminary
recommendations concerning future production levels. The Board's report commonly
ref~rred to as the Hoover Report in honor of the Board's Chairman, Dr. C. B.
Hoover, was published on 21 September 1945 and was introduced into the Quadripar
tite machinery as a basis for discussion.
other overall plans were submitted b., the British, French and Soviet delega
tions in January and February, 1946, and a second U. S. Memorandum, pIfepared
under the direction of Dr. B. U. Ratchford, was presented otficially as the
American position to the Economic Directorate on 29 January 1946. The final plan
as approved by the Control Council embodied work of all the delegations modified
by quadripartite reconciliation of the differing viewpoints retlected in the
several reports.
To facilitate the preparation.of a plan acceptable to all occupying powers,
the Economic Directorate agreed on 15 August 1945 to organize the Level of In
dustry Committee. At its first meeting on 17 September 1945 this committee
created a Technical Staff to operate as a Working Party of economists. During
the six months between the date of its organization and preparation of the Eco
nomic Directorate's draft pl~l, the LOIC and Technical Staff held sixty-four
meetings in an effort to .develop and agree upon the hundreds of separate questions
requiring answers. Some issues were not resolved until 8 March 1946 when the
Control Council accepted 'a complete set of proposals subject to tinal approval by
'the several governments •
.
The plan rests on four major assumptions:
Germany will consist of the present German territory lying between the
Oder-Neisse line and the present western b.oundaries.
The population within these boundaries
year 1949~
wi~l
be 66,500,000 in the target
.
Exports will encounter no special discriminations in foreign mark.ets.
Germany will be treated as an economic unit in accordance with the Berlin
Protocol.
Zonal AuthQrity Unworkable
The importance of these assumptions is apparent. Placing Germany's eastern
boundarY,on the Oder-Neisse line eliminated about 25 percent of the former Reich's
agricultural resources, but did not greatly affect total population, since the
anticipated immigration of Germans not permitted to remain on .foreign soil is ex
pected to offset the loss. If substantial changes should be made in Germany's
western boundaries, industry important to the whole of Germany would be affected,
thus necessitating revision of permitted production levels in the remaining Reich
territory. Sim~larly, if the population proves to be greater than 66,500,000,
necessary imports of food and raw materials will require higher levels of produc
tion, both for export and for domestic consumption. The salability of German ex
ports is a critical assumption. If it is in error, the problem of German self
support will be almost insoluble. Finally', since the plan is intended to apply
to the whole of Germany, zonal autonomy in such matters as reparations removals
and trade would make the plan unworkaple.
With these as sump ti.ons as a starting point, the economists were confronted
with the problem ot estimating requirements for major consumer .goods,such as
tood and clothing; the kind and 8J11ount ot exports necessary to balanoe imports:
�;,.
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96
and the amount of basis production in mining, metallurgy, machinery, chemistry,
and electric power necessary to support estimated consumption and export levels.
And this had to be consistent with a maximum reduction in war potential, on the
one hand, and the encouragement of agriculture and peaceful industries on the
other. The resulting pattern of restricted and unrestricted industries is ob
viously not the only possible answer, but it is one answer to an extremely com
plex problem. Most important, it is an answer that was acceptable to the Four
powe,rs.
The plan as written begins with the specific disarmament features of the
Berlin protocol--elimination of the production of arms, ammunition and implements
. of war, as well as all types of aircraft and seagoing ships. In addition to
these prohibitions the plan states that all industrial capital equipment for the
production of fourteen speoific items of critical military importance will be
eliminated. These items inolude synthetio rubber, gaso.line, and ammonia; ball
and taper roller bearings; heavy machine tools of certain types; heavy tractors;
aluminum (primary), magnesium, beryllium, and vanadium (from Thomas Slag); radio
active materials; radio transmitting equipment; and specific chemical products.
The elimination of domestic production,of the first four items is contingent upon
the availability of imports and the means of payment. Thus, by striking out items
of ,critical military importance not essential to the German peacetime economy, .
the first step toward industrial disarmament is .achieved.
.
(
I,
.
Certain other industries, primarily the metallurgical, machinery, and chemi
cal industries, are necessary to both war and peace •. It was necessary, there
tore, to restrict such production to amounts no more than enough to support the
prescribed standard of living. Ingot steel capacity is thus reduced to 7.5
million metric tons, or to 39 percent of 1936 production, and annual production
was limited to 5.8 million tons until otherwise determined by the Control Council.
Similarly, drastic restrictions have. been placed upon the production of such non
ferrous metals as copper, zinc, lead, tin, nickel, aluminum, and magneSium. Only
reclaimed alumihum will be produced domestically, and a limited amount of mag
nesium will be imported.
Restrictions on the mechanical and electrical engineering industries differ
in. the several branches depending upon relative military significance. Thus
machine tool capacity is to be reduced to 11.4~ of total 1938 value., and such
tools will be limited as to size .and type by the Allied Control Authority. Heavy
mechanical engineering is reduced to 31~ and light mechanical engineering, con
sisting mainly of machinery production for the consumer goods, to 5~ of total
1938 value. The production ot private motor carS has been reduced to 16~ of 1936
production. In the field of electrical engineering heavy types of equipment are
limited to 30 percent, within an overall l1mitation for the entire electrical
industry, of 50 percent of total 1938 value. In this way Germany's capacity to
produce those types of equipment which heretofore have been converted to the pro
duction of armaments will be reduced to the level necessary to support a minimum
peace economy.
'!'he chemical ihdust'ry I Ii third major source of supply in a modern war economy,
has heen cut baok to preclude the diversion of facilities to military production.
The basic chemicals,' nitrogen, calcium, carbide, sulphuric acid, chlorine and
alkali, have been reduced to 40 percent of total 1936 capacities. Considering the
fact that these basic chemicals include those required for fertilizers, this re
duction is extremely severe. Certain other chemicals, notably pharmaceuticals
and dyestuffs, have not been so sharply reduced because, of the necessity for
allowing sufficient exports to pay for imports.
Two other industrial restrictions are notable. Installed capacity for the
production of' electric power is reduced from more than 15 billion KW in 1936 to
9 billion KW in 1949, or 40 percent below 1936. Such a limitation on generating
capacity is expected to be an effective deterrent to expansion of such war poten
tial industries as electro~metallurgy and chemicals. Cement is the only building
�97
material included in the restricted list, but it is also the most important.
duction capacity is reduced to 68 percent of 1936 produotion •.
Pro
The industries already described are expected to yield the bulk of antici
pated deliveries of indwitrial equipment' on reparations account. Such equipment
,,111 constitute the difference betWeen existing capacity and the amount required
to meet the prescribed production levels.
'
Two other groups of industries are included in the plan, but are not expected
to provide reparations. The first of these groups includes coal mining, railroad
rolling stock production, agricultural machinery, textiles, rubber (natural and
reclaimed), paper, and boots and shoes. Levels for these industries ,are fixed or
estimated, and although they are not expected to yield reparations, the possi
bilities of exacting reparations are not excluded if, the Control Council decides
that there are surplus capacities suitable for reparations. The second group of
industries includes building and building materials (except cement), furniture
and woodworking; flat glass, bottle and domestic glass; ceramics; bicycles; small
motorcycles and potash. No levels have been set for these industries, and they
are "free to develop within the limits of available material and financial re
sources."
'
These are the major features of the plan. It starts by elim'inating pro
duction essential toa war, but not necessary to a peace economy. Then it cuts
deeply into industries which are major supports for war, but necessary to the
maintenance of peaceful production. Finally, in accordance with the policy of
encouraging peaceful industries, it allows a wide range of freedom for peaceful
industries to develop.
Balance of Payments
One other feature of the plan merits discussion--the balance of payments.
The ultimate balancing of imports and exports is essential to self-support in
Germany. Without sufficient exports to balance necessary imports, there is danger
that import deficits will continue to be a drain on the treasuries of the occupy
ing powers. The plan states that approved imports will not exceed RM 3 billion,
and exports totaling, RM 3 billion at 1936 prices will be provided for in the
industry levels. Of the total proceeds from exports, not more than RM 1.5 billion
will be spent for food and fodder. Any portion of this amount not needed for
food and fodder will be used to pay for occupation costs and other charges.
The total food import bill is a little larger than the 1936 bill, and amounts
to 50 percent of the total imports for '1949. Considering the fact that Germany
will be supporting a population equal to, or even greater than, the 1936 popu
lation'without the highly productive area east of the Oder-Neisse line, the im
pO:l"t allowance will not support a very luxurious diet. Estimates indicate a per
capita calorie consumption of about 2700 per day, a large proportion of which
will consist of grain and potatoes rather than the more expensive meats and fats.
It is not assumed,that minute control will be exercised over the German diet, but
lack of internal agricultural resources and export capacities will compel the
Germans to rely heavily,on inexpensive high-calory foods~
Wh11e estimated total imports in the target year '1949' will be nearly 30 per
cent less and exports 38 percent less than in 1936, the changed composition of
import, and exports illustrates better than do- the total figures the effect of
the plan on the German economy. Among the imports, for example, those items
which will not be produced domestically when it is physically and financially
possible to import them--ball and taper roller bearings, synthetic gasoline and
oil, nitrogen fert11izer(from synthetic ammonia) and rubber--w111 cost almost
twice as much as the same items in 1936, and will amount to 14 percent of the
total import b111 as compared with 5 percent in 1936. Raw materials, on the
other hand, will amount to only 41 percent, and miscellaneous imports 35 percent,
(
�£
98
ot 1936 expenditures tor the same items.
Exports, even more than imports, reflect the effects of economic demilitari
zation. Exports of metal products--machinery, electrical equipment, optics and
precision instruments, and non-ferrous metal goods--are reduced to 37 percent,
and chemical products to 42 percent, of 1936 exports. In lin~ with the policy
of encouraging peaceful industrie$, emphasis is placed on exports of produets from
natural resources and light ~anuracturing industries. Exports of coal, coke,
and potash are estimated at 122 percent, and consumer goods--leather, textiles,
glass, ceramics, paper, etc.--at 109 percent ot1936 exports. Thus Germany is
almos't excluded from export fields in which she was preeminent prior to the war-
metallurgy, engineering, and chemicals--and turned toward the production of con
sumer' 8 goods.
'
It is estimated that'the general effect of the plan is to reduce the level
of industry as a whole (excluding building and building materials industries) to
about 50 or 55 percent of the 1938 level. It is not now possible to translate
this figure into an estimate of average consumer income. The real effect upon
the German standard of living, therefore, is not too clear. It ."ill depend, in
part, upon the manner in which the. oc.cupying powers deal with the planned removal
problem. If industry in general is too badly disorganized in the removal process,
the achievement of permitted and estimated levels in 1949 will be made more dit
ficult. Long-range results will be influenced even more by the ability of the
German people to reorganize industry and to find new methods of achieving economic
utilization of remaining industrial resources. The speed of the anticipated
gradual recovery from present emergency levels of industrial production will de
pend to a large degree on food and coal availabilities, and the degree to which
interzonal and export -trade and financial problems are handled for Germany as a
whole. The location, character, and volume of employment opportunities will be
greatly changed after the plant removal period, and the maintenance of a reason
able level of consumer income will depend upon the extent to which unrestricted
industries can be expanded and the labor force adjusted to the new pattern of
industry.
The plan is only a first step toward solution ot the reparat10ns problem.
It is not a document for the long-range control of Germany and should not there
fore be regarded as a complete answer to the problem ot the German industrial war
potential. The lasting controls over German industry will probably be written
into the future peace treaty. Indeed, the plan itself may, in the light of
experience, require revision either because the basic assumptions prove to have
been unwarranted or because the parts do not balance. It would be almost a mir
acle it it were not faulty .at least to some degree, considering the £act that it
represents qu~dripartiteplanning and compromise. The real achievement lies in
the faot that a plan has 'been developed.,and agreed on by the four occupying
powers.
From "A Year of Potsdam," pp. 23-33.
,
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8
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
11
,
1945-54
ocasions l'importance pdmordiale qu'il attache a ee que la region rheno·
estphalienne ne puisse plus dans l' avenir consti tuer pour l'Allemagne un
nenal, une zone de passage ou un point de depart pour attaquer ses
ind~pensab1e
oisins occidentaux. 11 considere que la separation definitive de cette
pour la couver·
egion, Ruhr comprise, d'avec l' Allemagne,
constitue en outre la condition essentielle de
ture de la frontiere
la securite de I'Europe et du monde. H estime donc necessaire, si des
administrations centrales allemandes doivent etre etablies, qu'il soit en
meme temps specific que la region rheno.westphalienne sera soustraite a
leur competence.
.
Etant donne
que prlsente pour I'Europe et pour Ie monde
Ie probleme allemand, la Delegation
se serait attendue a ce que
fran~aise,
l'importanc~
fran~aise
ce probleme figurat en premiere place a l'ordre du jour de la premiere
reunion du Conseil des cinq Ministres des Affaires etrangeres. ' Etant donne
l'abondance des sujets inscrits a cet agenda, elle ne se propose pas d'insister
pour que l'ensemble de ce probleme ou seulement celui ~u sort particulier
a reserver a la region rheno-westphalienne soit discut~ des la premiere
session. EHe doit declarer toutefois que Ie representant fran<;ais au Comite
de contr6le interallie de Berlin ne sera pas autorise a souscrire a une
mesure prejugeant ce sort avant que la question ci-dessus posee ait etc
d6battue par les cinq ministres et ait fait l'objet d'une decision du Conseil.
~NTROL
20
COUNCIL PROCLAMATION NO.2: CERTAIN ADDITIONAL
REQ.UI~MENTS IMPOSED ON GERMANY
September 1945
CC, OJficial Gaz.elu, No. 1,29 October 1945. p. 8
To the people of Germany:
We, the Allied Representatives,' Commanders-in-Chief of the forces of
occupation of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the French Republic, pursuant to
the Declaration regarding the defeat of Germany, signed at Berlin on
5 June 1945, hereby announce certain additional requirements arising
from the complete defeat and unconditional surrender of Germany with
which Germany must comply, (in so far as these have not already been
fulfilled), as follows:
I
1. All German land, naval and air forces, the SS, SA, SD and Gestapo,
with all their organizations, staffs and institutions, including the General
Staff, the Officers' Corps, Reserve Corps, military schools, war veterans'
organizations and all other military and quasi-military organizations,
'.
o~n
I
~
SEPTEMBER
$.pI- 2.b)
l'l~
1945
%tfOJr>.
1
y
6g
military trad·ti . G
in accordanc
:,::an , shall be completely and finally abolished
Representati e W1 me 0 s and procedures to be l;¥d down by the Allied
2. All for:s'of milit
. .
..
',
activities of h t
ary trallung, nuhtary propaganda and military
hibited as w lla
?n the part of the German people, are pro·
t e
of any organization initiated to further
any as;ect
and the formation of war vetero.,' orga·
ruzations or
er
which nught develop military characteristic. or
which are
such organiza~,;;,e to carry on the German military tradition, whether
urport
social athletic ., or
to be political, educational, religious
, o r recreabona or of any other nature.
.'
eve~ ~ture,
~( f. or;n~bOn
t~Iltary tr31m~g
d~' ~roups
gro~ps f
SECTION
II
3 (a) German authorities and officials in all territories outside the fron
tiers of Germany as they existed on 31 December 1937, and in any areas
within those frontiers indicated at any time by the Allied Representatives,
will comply with such instructions as ~o withdrawing therefrom as they
may receive from the Allied Representatives.
(b) The German authorities will issue the necessary instructions and
will make the necessary arrangements for the reception and maintenance
in Germany of all Genrtan civilian irihabitants of the territories or areas
concerned, whose evacuation may be ordered by the Allied Representa
tives.
(c) Wi~drawals and evacuations under sub-paragraphs (a) and (b)
above will take place at such times and under such conditions as the Allied
Representatives may direct.
4. In the territories and areas referred to in paragraph 3 above, there
shall Immediately be, OJ! the part of all forces under German command'
and of German authorities and civilians, a complete cessation of all
measures ofcoercion or forced labour and of all measures involving injury
to life or limb. There shall similarly cease all measures of requisitioning,
seizure, removal, concealment or destruction of property. In particular,
the withdrawals and evacuations mentioned in paragraph 3 above will be
carried out without damage to or removal of persons or property not
affected by the orders of the Allied Representatives. The Allied Repre
sentatives will determine what personal property and effects may be taken
by persons evacuated under paragraph 3 above.
SECTiON
,'_ ,: , .. _ .• ,t.,:~1,
~~,.""
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Irppn
;!\iVI':
the
III
5, The Allied Representatives will regulate all matters affecting Ger
many's relations with other countrieS. No foreign obligations, under
SECTION
takinrr~
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('If ",n" J,i .... r! ,..ill h ....... o~"_nA ~~ ~~.~_~...I
:-...
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70
..
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUI"ATION,
1945-54
on behalf of German authorities or nationals without the sanction of the
Allied Representatives.
6. The Allied Representatives will give directions concerning the abro
gation, bringing into force, revival or application of any treaty, convention
or other international agreement, or any part or provision thereof, to
which Germany is or has been a party.
7 (a) In virtue of the unconditional surrender of Germany, andas of
the date of such surrender, the diplomatic, consular, commercial and
other relations of the German State with other States have ceased to exist.
(b) Diplomatic, consular, commercial and other officials and members
of service missions in Germany of couritries at war with any of the four
Powers will be dealt with as the Allied Representatives may prescribe.
The Allied Representatives may require the withdrawal from Germany of
neutral diplomatic, consular, commercial and other officials and members
of neutral service missions.
(c) All German diplomatic, consular, commercial att d other officials
and members of German service missions abroad are hereby recalled. The
control and disposal of the buildings, property and archives of all German
diplomatic and other agencies abroad will be prescribed by the Allied
Representatives.
.
'
8 (a) German nationals will, pending further instructions, be prevented
from leaving German territory except as authorized or directed by the
Allied Representatives.
(b) German authorities and nationals will comply with any directions
issued by the Allied Representatives for the recall of German nationals
resident abroad, and for the reception in Germany of any persons whom'
the Allied Representatives may designate.
9. The German authorities and people will take all appropriate steps
to ensure the safety, maintenance and welfare of persons not of German
nationality and of their property and of the property of foreign States.
IV
10. The German authorities will place at the disposal of the Allied
Representatives the whole of the German intercommunication system
(including all military and civilian postal and telecommunication systems
and facilities and connected matters), and will comply with any instruc
tions given by the Allied Representatives for placing such intercommunica
tion systems. under the complete control of the Allied Representatives.
The German authorities will comply with any instructions given by the
Allied Representatives. with a view to the establishment by the Allied-.
Representatives of such censorship and control of postal and telecommuni
,
.1 .. , _ .•• !rl,," ,.."rr;"rt hv n~rsons or
SECTION
SEPTEMBER
1945
71
otherwise conveyed and of all other forms of intercommunication as the
Allied Representatives may think fit.
I I. . The German authorities will comply with all directions which the
Allied Representatives may give regarding the use, control and censorship
of all media for influencing expression and opinion, including broadcast
ing, press and publications, advertising, films. and public performances,
entertainments and exhibitions of all kinds.
V
12. The Allied Representatives will exercise such control as they deem
necessary over all or any part or aspect of German finance, agriculture
(including forestry), production and mining, public utilities, industry,
trade, distribution and economy generally, internal and external, and
over all related or ancillary matters, including the direction or prohibition
of the manufacture, production, construction, treatment, use and disposal
of any buildings, establishments, installations, public or private works,
plant, equipment, products, materials, stocks or resources. Detailed state
ments of the subjects to which the present provision applies, together with
the requirements of the Allied Representatives in regard thereto, will
from time to time be communicated to the German authorities.
13 (a) The manufacture, production and construction, and the acquisi
tion from outside Germany, of war material and of such other products
used in connection with such manufacture, production or construction,
as the Allied Representatives may specify, and the import, export and
transit thereof, are prohibited, except as directed by the Allied Represen
tatives.
.
(b) The German authorities will immediately place at the disposal of
the Allied Representatives all research, experiment, development and
design directly or indirectly relating to war or the production of war
material, whether in government or private establishments, factories,
technological institutions or elsewhere.
14 (a) The property, assets, rights, titles and interests (whether situated
inside or outside Germany) of the German State, its political subdivisions,
the German Central Bank, State or semi-State, provincial, municipal or
local authorities or Nazi organizations, and those situated outside Germany
of any person resident or carrying on business in Germany, will not be
disposed of in any way whatever without the sanction of the Allied Repre
sentatives. The property, assets, rights, titles and interests (whether situ
ated inside or outside Germany), of such private companies, corporations,
trusts, cartels, firms, partnerships and associations as may be designated by
the Allied Representatives will nQt be disposed of in any way whatever
without the sanction of the Allied Representatives.
(b) The German authorities will furnish full information about the
SECTION
�_
Ai,
•
72
,I/:
('
...,.';~""'!
,
\
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
1945-54
property, assets, rights, titles and interests referred to in sub-paragraph (a)
above and will comply with such directions as the Allied Representatives
may give as to their transfer and disposal. Without prejudice to any fur
ther demands which may be made in this connection, the German authori
ties will hold at the disposal of the Allied Representatives for delivery to
them at such times and places as they may direct all securities, certificates;
deeds or other documents of title held by any of the institutions or bodies
mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) above or by any person subject to German
Law, and relating to property, assets, rights, titles and interests situated in
the territories of the United Nations, including any shares, stocks, deben~
tures or other obligations of any company incorporated in accordance
with the laws of any of the United Nations.
(c) Property, assets, rights, titles and interests situated inside Germany
will not be removed outside Germany or be transferred or disposed of to
any person resident or carrying on business outside Germany without the
')
sanction of the Allied Representatives.
(d) Nothing in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above shall, as regards
property, assets, rights, titles and interests situated inside Germany, be
deemed to prevent sales or transfers to persons resident in Germany for
the purpose of maintaining or carrying on the day-to-day national life,
economy and administration, subject to the provision of sub-paragraphs
19 (b) and (c) below and to the provisions of the Declaration or of any
proclamations, orders, ordinances or instructions issued thereunder.
15 (a) The German authorities and all persons in Germany will hand
over to the Allied Representatives all gold and silver, in coin or bullion
form, and all platinum in bullion form, situated in Germany, and all such
coin and bullion situated outside Germany as is possessed by or held on
behalf of any of the institutions or bodies mentioned in sub-paragraph
14 (a) above or any person resident or carrying on business in Germany.
(b) The German authorities and all persons in Germany will hand
over in full to the Allied Representatives all foreign notes and coins in the
possession of any German authority, or of any corporation, association or
individual resident or carrying on business in Germany, and all monetary
tokens issued or prepared for issue by Germany in the territories formerly
occupied by her or elsewhere.
16 (a) All property, assets, rights, titles and interests in Germany held
for or belonging to any country against which any of the United Nations
is carrying on hostilities, or held for or belonging to the nationals of any
such country, or of any persons resident or carrying on business therein,
will be taken under control and will be preserved pending further instruc
tions.
(M An nropertv. assets, rights, titlfs and interests. in Germany heldf°J:,
~~ I IV3 t-o ~ Yl ~ IIlcivllL()Q...,t S. pn ro1e ffl le"tff.fH,t?.s. ...{:JJ. \J.;('
.......-
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'
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Ct>n1 'JQJ] Ie.
SEPTEMBER
1945'
73
07,.
.
thosd countries, o,{her than Germany and the countries referred to in sub
paragraph (a) above, which have at any time since 1 September 1939 been
at war with any of the United Nations, will be taken under control and
will be preserved pending further instructions.
(c) The German authorities will take all necessary steps to ensure
the execution of the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above, will
comply with any instructions given by the Allied Representatives for that
purpose, and will afford all necessary information and facilities in connec
tion therewith.
17 (a) There shall, on the part of the German authorities and people,
be no concealment, destruction, scuttling or dismantling of, removal or
transfer of, nor damage to, ships, transport, ports or harbours, nor to any
form of building, establishment, installation, device, means of production,
supply, distribution or communication, plant, equipment, currency, stocks
or resources, or, in general, public or private works, utilities or facilities of
any kind, wherever situated.
(b) There shall be no destruction, removal, concealment, suppression
or alteration of any documents, records, patents, drawings, specifications,
plans or information, of any nature, affected by the provisions of this
document. They shall be kept intact in their present locations until further
directions are given. The German authorities will afford all information
and facilities as required by the Allied Representatives in connection
therewith.
(c) Any measures already ordered, undertaken, or begun contrary to
the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above will be immediately
countermanded or discontinued. All stocks, equipment, plant, records,
patents, documents, drawings, specifications, plans or other material
already concealed within or outside Germany will forthwith be declared,
. and will be dealt with as the Allied Representatives may direct.
(d) Subject to the provisions of the Declaration or any proclamations,
orders, ordinances or instructions issued thereunder, the German authori
ties and people will be responsible for the preservation, safeguarding and,
upkeep of all forms of property and materials affected by any of the said
provisions.
(e) All transport materials, stores, equipment, plant, establishments,
installations, d~vices and property generally, which are liable to be sur
rendered or delivered under the Declaration or any proclamations, orders,
ordinances or instructions issued thereunder, will be handed over intact
and in good condition, or subject only to ordinary wear and tear and to
any damage caused during the continuance of hostilities which it has
proved impossible to make good. .
18. There shall be no financial, commercial or other intercourse with,
or rl('i!linrr~ with or for the benefit of. countries at war with any of the
�A
,~\
.t""""
.
.....
..
.j
..
74
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
1945-54
United Nations, or territories occupied by such countries or with any
other country or person specified by the Allied Representatives.
VI
19 (a) The German authorities will carry out, for the benefit of the
United Nations, such measuri!S of restitution, reinstatellleni lesmration,
repa~on:;-retrerand!~ha§ilitatiQij as the Ajlje;;i:Repre
senrt¢~~::-'FOr--t11eSe purposes the German authorities
willeffect or procure the surrender or transfer of such property, assets,
rights, titles and interests, effect such deliveries and carry out such repair,
building and construction work, whether in Germany or elsewhere, and
will provide such transport, plant, equipment and materials of all kinds,
labour, personnel, and specialist and other services, for use in Germany or
elsewhere, as the Allied Representatives may direct.
(b) The German authorities will also comply with all such directions as
the Allied Representatives may give relating to property assets, rights,
titles and interests located in Germany belonging to any on~ofthe United
Nations or its nationals or having so belonged at, or at any time since, the
outbreak ofwar between Germany and that nation, or since the occupation
of any part of its territories by Germany. The German authorities will be
responsible for safeguarding, maintaiillng, and preventing the dissipation·
of all such property, assets, rights, titles and interests, and for handing
them over intact at the demand of the Allied Representatives. For these
purposes the German authorities will afford all information and facilities
required for tracing any property, assets, rights, titles or interests.
(c) All persons in Germany in whose possession such property, assets,
rights, titles and interests may be, shall be personally responsible for report
ing them and for safeguarding them until they are handed over in such
manner as may be prescribed.
20. The German authorities will supply free of cost such German cur
rency as the Allied Representatives may require, and will withdraw and
redeem in German currency, within such time limits and on such terms as
the Allied Representatives may specify, all holdings in German territory
.of currencies issued by the Allied Representatives during military opera
tions or occupation, and will hand over the currencies so withdrawn free
of cost to the Allied Representatives.
21. The German authorities will comply with all such directions as may
be issued by the Allied Representatives for defraying the costs of the pro
visioning, maintenance, pay, accommodation and transport of the forces
and agencies stationed in Germany by authority of the Allied Representa
tives, the costs of executing the requirements of unconditional surrender,
and payment for any relief in whatever form it may be provided by the
SECTION
T"'~,~.
,11\T ........ : ......... ('I
1945
75
22. The Allied Representatives will take and make unrestricted use
(whether inside or outside Germany) of any articles referred to in para
graph 12 above which the Allied Representatives may require in connec
tion with the conduct of hostilities against any country with which any of
their respective Governments is at war.
SEPTEMBER
,
.
VII
23 (a) No merchant ship, including fiShing or other craft, shall put to
sea from any German port except as may be sanctioned or directed by the
Allied Representatives. German ships in ports outside Germany shall
remain in port and those at sea shall proceed to the nearest German or
United Nations port and there remain, pending instructions from the
Allied Representatives.
(b) All German merchant shipping, including tonnage under construc
tion or repair, will be made available to the Allied Representatives for
such use and on such terms as they may prescribe.
(c) Foreign merchant shipping in German service or under German
control will likewise be made available to the Allied Representatives for
such use and on such terms as they may prescribe. In the case of such
foreign merchant vessels which are of neutral registration, the German
authorities will take all such steps as may be required by the Allied
Representatives to transfer or cause to be transferred to the Allied Repre
sentatives all rights relative thereto.
(d) All transfer to any other flag, service or cOlltrol, of the vessels
covered by sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) above is prohibited, except as may
be directed by the Allied Representatives.
24. Any existing options to repurchase or reacquire or to resume control
of vessels sold or otherwise. transferred or chartered by Germany during
the war will be exercised as directed by the Allied Representatives. Such
vessels will be made available for use by the Allied Representatives in the
same manner as the vessels covered by sub-paragraphs 23 (b) and (c)
above.
25 (a) The crews of all German merchant vessels or merchant vessels iIi
German service or under German control will remain on board and will
be maintained by the German authorities pending further instructions
from the Allied Representatives regarding their future employment:
(b) Cargoes on board any such vessels will be disposed of in accordance
with instructions given to the German authorities by the Allied Represen
tatives.
26 (a) Merchant ships, including fishing and other craft of the United
Nations (or of any country which has broken off diplomatic relations with
Germany) which are in German hands, wherever such ships may be, will
'. be surrendered to the Allied Representatives, regardless of whether title
SECTION
�.":":: ~'., '"-
76
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
1945-54
has been transferred as the result of prize court proceedings or otherwise.
All such ships will be surrendered in good repair and in seaworthy condi
tion iIi ports and at times to be specified by the Allied Representatives,
.
for disposal as directed by them.
(b) The German authorities will take all such steps as may be directed
by the Allied Representatives to effect or complete transfers of title to such
ships regardles~ of whether the title has been transferred as the result of
prize court proceedings against such ships in neutral ports.
'17- The German authorities will comply with any instructions given
by the Allied Representatives for the destruction, dispersal, salvaging,
reclamation or raising of wrecked, stranded, derelict or sunken vessels,
wherever they may be situated. Such vessels salvaged, reclaimed or raised
shall be dealt with as the Allied Representatives direct.
28. The German authorities wiU place at the unrestricted disposal ofthe
Allied Representatives the entire German shipping, shipbuilding and ship
repair industries, and. all matters and facilities directly or indirectly rela
tive :>r ancillary th~reto, and will pro~de the requisite .labour apd sped.alist
seI'Vlces. The reqUIrements of the Allied Repr~sentatives WIll be speCIfied
in instructions which will from time to time be communicated to the
German authorities.
SECTION
VIII
29. The German authorities will place at the unrestricted disposal of
tho Allied Representatives the whole of the German inland transport sys
tem (road, rail, air and waterways) and all connected material, plant and.
equipment, and all repair, construction, labour, servicing and running
facilities, in accordance with the instructions issued by the Allied Repre
sentatives.
30. The production in Germany and the possession, maintenance or
operation by Germatls of any aircraft of any kind, or any parts thereof,
are prohibited.
31. All German rights in international transport bodies or organiza
tions, and in relation to the use of transport and the movement of traffic in
other countries and the use in Germany of the transport of other countries,
will be exercised in accordance with the directions of the Allied Repre
sentatives.
32. All facilities for the generation, transmission and distribution of
power, including establishments for the manufacture and repair of such
facilities, will be placed under the complete control of the Allied Repre
sentatives, to be used for such purposes as they may designate.
SECTION
IX
.,,~_
... _
~.1~,..
SEPTEMBER 1945
77
Allied Representatives may give for the regulation of movements of
population and for controlling travel or removal on the part of persons in
Germany.
.
34· No persons may leave or enter Germany without a permit issued
by the Allied Representatives or on their authority,
35· The German authorities will comply with all such directions as the
Allied Representatives may give for the repatriation of persons not of
German nationality in or passing through Germany, their property and
effects, and for facilitating the movements of refugees and displaced
persons.
SECTION
X
36. The German authorities will furnish any information and docu
ments and will secure the attendance of any witnesses, required by the
Allied Representatives for the trial of:
(a) the principal Nazi leaders as specified by the Allied Representatives
and all persons from time to time named or designated by rank, office or
employment by the Allied Representatives as being suspected of having
committed, ordered or abetted war crimes or analogous offences;
(b) any national of any of the United Nations who is alleged to have
committed an offence against his national law and who may at any time
be named or designated by rank, office or employment by the Allied
Representatives; and will give all other aid and assistance for these pur
poses.
37· The German authorities will comply with any directions given by
the Allied Representatives in regard to the property of any person referred
to in sub-paragraphs 36 (a) and (b) above, such as its seizure, custody or
surrender.
SECTION
XI
8
3 . The National Socialist German Workers'Party (NSDAP) is com
pletely and finally abolished and declared to be illegal.
39· The German authorities will comply promptly with such directions
as the Allied Representatives may issue for the abolition of the National
Socialist Party and of its subordinate organizations, affiliated associations
and supervised organizations, and ofall Nazi pUblic institutions created as
instruments of Nazi domination, and of such other organizations as may
be regarded as a threat to the security of the Allied forces or to inter
national peace, and for prohibiting their revival in any form, for the dis
missal and internment of Nazi personnel; for the control and seizure of
Nazi property and funds; and for the suppression of Nazi ideology and
teaching.
.
40. ~
f'\.~:"""
......
The ,..German authorities and German nationals wilJ nnt
::lJlI'"IW
th"
�. '
·",.
,(r' ",~.
78 DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION, 1945-54
41. The German authorities will comply with such directions as the
Allied Representatives may issue for the repeal of Nazi legislation and for
the reform of German law and of the German legal, judicial, administra
tive, police and educational systems,· including the replacement of their
personnel.
42 (a) The German authorities will comply with such directions as the
Allied Representatives may issue for the rescinding of German legislation
involving discrimination on· grounds of race, colour, creed, language or
political opinions, and for the cancellation of all legal or other disabilities
resulting therefrom.
(6) The German autl),orities will comply with such directions as the
Allied Representatives may issue regarding the property, assets, rights,
titles and interests of persons affected by legislation involving discrimina
tionon grounds of race, colour, creed, language or political opinions.
. 43. No person shall be prosecuted or molested by the German authori
ties or by German nationals on grounds of race, colour, creed, language or
political opinions, or on account of any dealings or sympathies with the
United Nations, including the performance of any action calculated to
facilitate the execution of the Declaration or of any proclamations, orders,
ordinances or instructions issued thereunder.
44. In any proceedings before any German Court or authority judicial
notice shall be taken of the provisions of the Declaration and of all
proclamations, orders, ordinances and instructions issued. thereunder,
which shall override any provisions of German law inconsistent therewith.
SECTION XII
45. Without prejudice to any specific obligations contained in the pro- •
visions of the Declaration or any proclamations, orders, ordinances or
instructions issued thereunder, the German authorities and any other
person in a position to do so will furnish or cause to be furnished all such
information and documents of every kind, public and private, as the
Allied Representatives may require.
.
46. The German authorities will likewise produce for interrogation and
employment by the Allied Representatives upon demand any and all
persons whose knowledge and experience would be useful to the Allied
Representatives.
47. The Allied Representatives will have access at all times to any
building, installation, establishment, property or area, and any of the
contents thereof, for the purposes ofthe Declaration or any proclamations,
orders, ordinances or instructions issued thereunder, and, in particular,
for the purposes of safeguarding, inspecting, copying or obtaining any
,1"'., ~1. ~ _, ~1 ;' ...... ,~.~~ ~_~J...
-l !-•.,f'...... ~ ................ : ..... _
..,.,1........ r:"'.. . ,........" ... ...""<!.,..t.."...~t:,,.~ ,,,~11
...
,... ....
,
/~
7
,I
SEPTEMBER 1945
79
give all necessary facilities and assistance for this purpose, including the
service of all specialist staff, including archivists.
SECTION XIII
In die event ofany doubt as to the meaning or interpretation of any
term or expression in the Declaration and in any proclamations, orders,
ordinances and instructions issued thereunder, the decision of the Allied
Representatives shall be final.
Done at Berlin, the 20th day of September 1945.
48·
CONTROL COUNCIL LAW NO.2, PROVIDING FOR THE TERMINATION
AND LIQ.UIDATION OF THE NAZI ORG~IZATIONS
10 October 1945
CC, OjJidal Ga.utu, No.
I,
29 October '945. p. 19
ARTICLE I
The National Socialist German Labour Party, its formations, affiliated
associations and supervised agencies, including para-military organizations
and all other Nazi institutions established as instruments of party domina
tion are hereby abolished and declared illegal.
2. The Nazi organizations enumerated in the attached Appendix, or
which may be added, are expressly abolished.
3· The reforming of any of the orgaruzations named herein, whether
under the same or different name is forbidden.
I.
ARTICLE II
All real estates, equipments, funds, accounts, records and other property
of the organizations abolished by this law are confiscated. Confiscation is
carried out by Military Commands; general directives concerning the dis
tribution of the confiscated property are given by the Control Council.
ARTICLE III
Until such time as the property mentioned is actually placed under the
control of the Military Commands all officers and other personnel, includ
ing administrative officials and others accountable for such property, are
held personally responsible for taking any action necessary to preserve
intact all such property and for complying with the orders of the Military
Commands regarding such property.
ARTICLE IV
Any person violating any provision of this law shall be liable to criminal
prosecution.
Done at Berlin. Tn O~tnhl"r r(\~t::
�L':'
80
<_.3
DOCUMENTS ON GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION,
I.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1[.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
••
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
Partei-Kanzlei
Kanzlei des Fuhrers der NSDAP
Auslandsorganisation
Volksbund fur das Deutschturn im Ausland
Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle
Parteiamtliche Priifungskommission zum Schutze des NS-Schrifttums
Reichsorganisationsleiter der NSDAP
Reichsschatzmeister der NSDAP
Beauftragter des Fuhrers fUr die Oberwachung der gesamten geistigen und
weltanschaulichen Schulung undErziehung der NSDAP
Reichspropagandaleiter der NSDAP
.
Reichsleiter fur die Presse und Zentralverlag der NSDAP (Eher Verlag)
Reichspressechef der NSDAP
Reichsamt fur das Landvolk
Hauptamt fur Volksgesundheit
Hauptamt fUr Erzieher.
Hauptamt fur Kommunalpolitik
Hauptamt fUr Beamte
Beauftragter der NSDAP fUr aIle Volkstumsfragen
Rassenpolitisches Amt der NSDAP
Amt fUr Sippenforschung
Kolonialpolitisches Amt der NSDAP
AussenpoIitisches Amt der NSDAP
Reichstagsfraktion der NSDAP
Reichsfrauenfuhrung
NSD-i\rztebund
Hauptamt fur Techriik
NS-Bund Deutscher Technik
NS-Lehrerbund
Reichsbund der Deutschen Beamten
Reichskolonialbund
NS-Frauenschaft
NS-Reichsbund peutscher Schwestern
Deutsches Frauenwerk
Reichsstudentenfuhrung
NSD-Studentenbund
Deutsche Studentenschaft
NSD-Dozentenbund
NS-Rechtswahrerbund
NS-Altherrenbund der Deutschen Studenten
Reichsbund Deutsche Familie
Deutsche Arbeitsfront
NS-Reichsbund fUr Leibesubungen .
I\T<:L R "i... hdtri,..CTI'rhllnn
10
1945-54
APPENDIX
2.
;0.1
<""-?;-~'
',',
r "
:.~
OCTOBER
1945
81
Reichskulturkammer
Deu tscher Gemeindetag
Geheime Staatspolizei
Deutsche Jagerschaft
Sachverstandigenbeirat fUr Bevolkerungs- und Rassenpolitik
Reichsausschuss zum Schutze des Deutschen BIutes
51. Winterhilfswerk
52. Hauptamt fUr Kriegsopfer
53· NSKOV (NS-Kriegsopferversorgung)
54· SA (Sturmabteilungen), including the SA-Wehrmannschaften
55· SS (SchutZstaffeln), including the Waffen-SS, the SD (Sicherheitsdienst)
and all offices combining command over the police and SS
56. NSKK (NS-Kraftfahrerkorps)
57· NSFK (NS-FIiegerkorps)
58. fU (Hitler-Jugend), including its .subsidiary organizations
59. RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)
60. OT (Organisation Todt)
6.1. TENO (Technische Nothilfe)
62. Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt
45·
46.
47·
48 .
49·
50.
CONTROL COUNCIL PROCLAMATION NO.3: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
OF JUDICIAL REFORM
20
October 1945
CC, O./fitird GtU:.IIt14, No. I, 29 Ocloim 194-5, p. 6
By the elimination of the Hitler tyranny by the Allied Powers the terrorist
system of Nazi Courts has been liquidated. It is necessary to establish a
new democratic judicial system based on the achievements of democracy,
civilization and justice. The Control Council therefore proclaims the
following fundamental principles ofjudicial reform which shall be applied
throughout Germany.
I. EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
AU persons are equal before the law. No person, whatever his race,
nationality or religion, shall be deprived of his legal rights.
II. GUARANTf;ES OF THE RIGHTS
of
THE ACCUSED
I. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due
process of law.
. 2. Criminal responsibility shall be determined only for offences pro
vided by law.
3· Determination by any court of any crime 'by analogy' or by so
called 'sound popular instinct', as heretofore provided in the German
r.rim;.,,-,, ,....... ~~ :" ___ 1.:1.', .'
�PROPERTY CONTROL
('.,
AIDiI:t XVI
Aasa..JI '9DI
De - " wltIIID
LAW NO.5
V_ _ ............... cal Genua ktenIIII ......
a-ca ..
1II'ber-. ,1be ~
detamII>eII 10 _
.....,.
'of·. . 'OeniWa _
..... ad'lo ..". tile '1114'_ of'lIIorII:r
GenIuIIa ~ wllll the lllieatlaa IIIo!rebT of ..-IIDC IllIor
DatIaul ~ .'CiOIII!ctfft ~ . the eIImIDatIoD. of _ •
0eJ
_ _ Jigtaltala. " .,. ' .
' ..,
..
Now. ~ 1be 0Iatr0l CCiuDI:Il,'
~ of
sa' ~'Wi1Iltlle
!lie PotIIdam ~ aDd !lie poIHIca1ad tc:oJIOIIIIc
pdDdpks .., wbI.cb It .. ' - - ' " 10 'bot IUIded III _ _ willi
IIIIa ...,...... ___ .. IaIIDwI:
Aa'ftCl.a I
A GenIuIIa &xtenIal Pro""",, ~ (hereIDatIier
n1IirrecI
10 .. ~ OIm"l'IIIon") ~ of~tI_ of !lie '
~ PDwo:n III ~ .. IIiftbJ' CCIIIIIbrte4.
For !lie ~ of CIIr1'1iDC out u.. ~ of IIIIa La1r !lie
.. -'fluted .. a ~aovenia>eDtaI, ......,. of tile
QoD..... CouDdl ftIIt<od. willi aIllIIe . . - q ' pOwen ad autboIiv,
of oceapaUoa of manIIaIIIDC and
- . I I q !lie e9'IdImce willi I'lIIIIMICt 10 0ennIaI:I'II atemal .-ta
.l1li11 bot 1be I\IIIPODIIbI1Iv of 1be ~ !lor lllal
-
.., _
eoz-......
on.
0JmmI1IIon .".,. reczueR lIIoDe
to coadact.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ellIIer &10M or III ~ wIIb lit
ftlIIIplbD JoIol
Ielf ICOIIIdueI;beIq IIOIIdueIed In GIber -_&ad, ~: Ito
III _ : _ 1be
..
_1aIaed III _ _ tIWl _ _ aublect to tile autbortt7 of tile
~
~
AlmCl.aa:
:Aa'1'JCUI
m
. All richta, Utles. IlltenIIta In respect of _
~ out
aide a-- ..mtdl ..
or coatNIle4 .., _ peIWD of Gel'
"""'DaIlcatlll17.oublde 0ermaa1 or..,. _ bnDdtof _ ~
ai -:poratloD 01' oilier
eDU17 orpnlzed aDder tile 1&... of
0ermaa1 Qf IIavInI He prIDd,pal place of. buIIDea In 0etmaD)' . .
,.....,.., ........ III !lie O"'I"""'on
,
For ibe ~ of tbt. ArticIa tile tenn "uIJ ...- of, Gel'
""'" J(at\a!lllli17 ou.l8I4e Gen:naJIT' IIbaU ~ cmI)' to • penoIl
who .... enJo7ed full rilbla of Oerman dtlzenoblp aDder l.'IA!ldl
La1r at _ Uma ~ 1 Septenlber 1lI3II aDd who .... at _'tIJIIII
1 Septenlber Ill.
_ le!'ritor)' theD IIl!der !he '
_ ..... of !lie Belch
IIbaU DOt appI7 to l1li)' d _
of _ CCIIIItr)' --..d
to lui... been lIIIDexM ..,. Gel'
man,r . . . S1 ~ 1m,
--s
I.....
.co
ARTICI.a 11'
TIle CommlIIIon .... powe ..,. unanbnous qreement me time
to Uma 10 add to tile ~ of persona to be at1ecIed . ..,.
ArtIcIeot
and
of IIIIa 'La"" unIea IUc;h ad4IUon .. fttoe4 b)'
,0IwIdIwltblD.110 dII7I of ~tm'" ~
::=.n.
.
m
~;'I:.
1'91' tile ~
ARTIer... II
of tbII Law:
a) TIle ...... ~•
hIducIe _ Datura! pa-. or col
1ecII... pa-. or _
JuridlCIIl PenroD or ....U17
pub\Ic or
jort¥8le law 1IavInI'leaa1 capadI;r to IICQUfre, - . clan...... or dI.t'o
pole of ~ or lllte:mla \beI'eIA; ad ani' ~t Indud
Ina aU poIItICIIl ~ jpUbII.c ~ .....cIea 'ad
...,. ~t\ea tIIeftof. A1q JuricIIeal penoQ or eDU17
Wblch ~ orp.nIaed UDder tba J.... of, or bill Ita pdDdpal place of
bueIDea III 0ennuI)- IbaIl bot deemed to be a pimIOI1 of Oerman
Jl8Uona1117 witIIID !lie ~ of AItIcla n benof. .
'
II) TIle ...... "p:roporI7" IbaIl Indude all -.able ..... 1m
IIIO¥abIe properV and aU JIIbta aDd 111_ III or ~ to lIUCb
properiJ' wIIetb!!r IDIIIun!d or DDt. tncludIDI all properiJ'. rilblll,
111_ or cI.t.Ima lranItem!d to or beId .., tbIrd parUea ..
DOJI>lDMa
tn&II-, aDd all prapert;)'. rilbta, IIltereata or daIJnI
lranItem!d ..,. '"'7 of 11ft Or oIhuwIIe or for coaaI"-Uoa, !Ill
press or implied, but DOt I.aI:IIIdIDI !lie JIIbta or IIIt_ of tbIrd
partIM to • bella lIde lillie for tuIl CIIIIlIIdmoIlGn, aDd IIbaU hIducIe
but IbaIlDOt be limited to buIIdIasa'imd ImdI, pocIa, _ _ aDd "
mercIIaJIdIIe, dIatteII, colli, buWoD, c:ur:ftIIq, depoeIta, acocitmta or
debta abaree, cIahDa. billa of IadInt. 1IIlU'eIIouM receIpta, all kIIlda of
• JIDaDdal m.trumesala wbetber ~ ILJIeI~ or In _
"forel&n ........".,. ~ of ~ or ~p of prop.
erI7. .....tncta. judlmeDta, rilbta III or willi ftIIped to P.l'teDlII, •
~ trademarIar, etc., aDd III II'!lIIeral pl'OJIert,J of _
nature
....n.
wbatooever.
.' .
detenDIne.
'
AIl'J'ICI.a D
It .I'baIl be
~v
"""*
or
eon...
TIle questIcm of wbellier or not _
compesII&Uon obaIl be paI4
to _
penoIl wtw. rilbt. Utle or Intereat III _
prcIper11 ....
been vested In ~ willi tbb law wtll be decided at !IUcb
'time and In IIIdI _ _ .. !he CGD..... 00uDdI .".., In tile future
a ........:
peri,.e wIIOIIO
"'*" _
properiJ' ~ aftecte4 ..,. tJda La1r to
do or to attempt to do _ act or
0IDI.t0n III derop.U...
of the Utle or Intereat of tile O>mm'",... UDder ArtIcIeot n and
lIJ,or
bl To UIIIat or cirmapIre wttb ...,. oIhlt ~ 10 do or to at
~ to do _
lIUCb act or IDIIIoIt auch !III1laloQa . . are spedJIelt
III tbla ArtIde.
'a) For _
ABTICI.a '¥II
'*""" 'IItoIaUq _
An)'
10 c:rinWut1
..-uaa.
provIIlo!l of tbb La1r Iba1I be liable
AIl'J'ICI.a :Em
All II!'CI¥IJIou of 1&... or decneI or pu1II tbeNwlth wbIch .....
ContradlC!0t7 to _ ODe of !lie provIIIou of tbII l.aw or..!! ~
I&w Ol"decree Iaued UDder tile pro\'IIIoaI of tbb La1r . . bereb7
<IedarecI .nuIl and ........
. .
1 .t
P.KOKNIQ
O4ainI1c1e C'orpe d'Ara!tM
O.'zmncov
IIIInII'Il of the Soviet Unloll
DWIGHT Do ImIENHOWEa
a.-at of abe Ann7
... 1.. IIOJITGOMEIlY
I'IdclIlarlb8l
• I
1
I
C/l
. ArIIda·U _ m d. IIIIa La1r IbaIlDOt lIPPb' to _ _ IIIibIed
.'
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&iii. 00kmlM ad PIli 1Dna. ~ VDIoa of 809tet 8ocIa1lII-....." ......
pubI.IcI, !he UDited Stale!, 7rance aDd _
GIber UDltedJlatlOna
4etennIDed iii !lie em..... ~ •
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·CJeraiIIuIT ,wldch .. .........s 011' coatrollecl ..,. _ peIWD . , Germe
...UoaaIIV IDaIde ~ . . IIiftbJ' ...ated In IIle Commllllon
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VII
CONTROL COUNCIL IN ACTION
.
ULuJ f\1>5( _
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Law 2.:.
1
Dc)-. I 0
j
r £1 y~
The tollowing selection ot Control Council Laws and Proclamations will il
lustrate the progress made in the tields ot Judicial retorm (documents 1, 3 and 4),
denazitication (2) and demilitarization (5).
~ ~.
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2JJ)"l1 l
no.
',cx..r
On october 12, 1946, the Control Council published directive No.· 38 which
extends the denazitication principles applied by the German courts in the U. S.
zone (reproduced in Part B, section XVI, NO., 2) to all Gerrnany.l-fLU} yto tf~ ocf ~o,.ll1l
. And on December 30, 1946, ~he Control Council enacted Law No. 43 "to prevent
the rearmament ot Germany, It· which re-entorces and amplities the rules set torth
in the Potsdam Agreement (IV) and in the "Additional Arrangements tor Control ot
. Germany (VI), bearing also on the "Level ot German Industry" Plan, reproduced as
Document No. IX. The directive prohibits "the manufacture, import, export,trans
port and storage" ot all atomic means ot wartare, all apparatus ~capable ot pro
Jecting lethal or destructive projectiles," armored vehicles, range-tinding. de
Vices, warships, submersible craft and landing equipment, aircraft ot all types,
and poison gas. The production ot high explosives or chemicals is likewise pro
hibited, but exceptions may be granten by Allied authorities tor peacetul indus
trial purposes.
.
On February 20, 1947, the Control Council decreed that the state ot Prussia
had ceased to exist de jure (Law NO •.44); the same day saw the abolition ot
Hitler' s Nazi Farm Law (Control· Council· Law 110. 45).
1
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Law No.1:
Repealing ot Nazi Laws
The Control Council enacts as tollows:
Article. I
1. The tollowing laws ot a political or discr.iminatory nature upon which the
Nazi regime rested are hereby expressly repealed, together with all supplementarY
and explanatory laws, ordinances and decrees:
(~) Law
concerning the Reliet ot Distress ot the Nation and the Reich (Gesetz
zur Behebung der Not des Volkes und des Reiches ot 24 March, 1933, RGBl.
I/41.·
.
.
(b) Law tor the reconstitution ot Otticialdom (Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung
des Berutsb amtentums) ot 7 April, 1933, RGB1. 1/175.
(c) Law tor the amendment ot the Provisions ot Criminal Law and Procedure
(Gesetz zur Anderung von. Vorschritten des Strafrechts und des S.tratver
tahrens) ot 24 April, 1934, RGB1. 1/341.
.
(d) Law tor the Protection ot National Symbols (Gesetz zum Schutze der
nationalen Symbole) ot 19 May, 1933, RGB1. 1/285.
(e) Law against the creation ot Political Parties (Gesetz gegen die Neu
bildung von Par1;e1en) ot 14 July, 1933, RGB1·. I/479.
(t) Law
on Plebiscites (Gesetz uber Volksabst1rmmmg)ot 14 July, 1933, RGBl.
1/479.
.
�(g) Law for securing the Unity of Party and state (Gesetz zur Sicherung del"
Einheit von Partei und staat) of 1 December, 1933, RGB1. 1/1016.
'
(h) Law concerning insidious attacks against the State and the Party and for
the protection of the Party Uniform and insignia (Gesetz gegen heim
tuckische Angrifre auf Staat ,und Partei und zum Schutz del" parteiniform)
of 20 December, 1934, RGBl. 1/1269.
(j) Reich Flag Law (Reichsf1aggengesetz) of 15 September, 1935, RGB1. 1/1145.
(k) Law for the protection of German Blood and German Honour (Gesetz zum
Schutze des deutschen B1utes und del" deutschen Ehre) of 15 September,
1935, RGB1. 1/1146. ,
~
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(1) Reich
Citizenship Law (Reichsburgergesetz) of 15 September, 1935, RGB1.
1/1146.
'
(m) Prussian Law concerning the Gestapo (Preussisches Gesetz uber die
Geheime Staatspo1izei) of 10 February, 1936, G.S. 21.
(n) Hitler
youth Law (Gesetz uber die Hitler jugend) of1 December, 1936,
RGB1. 1/993.
.
,
(0) ordinance against support for the camouflaging of Jewish Businesses
(Verordnung
Gegen die Unterstutzung del" Tarnung J{1discher Gewerbebe
triebe) of 22 April, 1938, RGB1. 1/404.'
.
'((";
.
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ordinance for the reporting of Property of Jews (Verordnung fiber die
Anme1dung des Vermogensvon Jude~) of 26 April, 1938, RGB1. 1/414.
"
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(q) Law
concerning the alteration of the trade regulations for the Reich
(Gesetz zur Ander\Ul& del" Gewerbeordnung fur das Deutsche Reich) of 1
July, 1938, RGB1. 1/823.
'
(1") Second Carrying out Ordinance of the Law concerning the changing of
F~1l1
Names and Christian Names (Zwa1 te Verordnung zur Durchfuhrung des
Gesetzes ubel" die Anderung von Fam11iennamen und Vornamen) of 17 August',
1938, RGB1. 1/1044.
'
'
(s) ordinance concerning the Passports of Jews (Verordnung uber Reisepasse
von Juden) of 5 October, 1938, RGB1. 1/1342.
'
'
(t) Ordinance ,for the elimination of Jews from economic life (Verordnung zer
Ausscha1tung del" Juden aus dem deutschen Wirtschafs1eben) of 12 November,
1938, RGB1. 1/1580; .
.....
,
,
(u) Police Ordinance concerning the appearance of Jews in public (Po1izei
verordnung uber das Auttreten del" Juden in del" Offent1ichkeit) of 28
'
,
November, 1938, RGB1. 1/1676.
(If) Police
Ordinance concerning the marking of Jews (Po1lzeiverordnung uber
die Kennzeichnung del" Juden) of 1 September, 1941, RGB1. 1/547.
(x) Ordinance concerning the employment of Jews (Verordnuqg uber die
Beschaftigung von Juden) of 31 October, 1941, RGB1. 1/675.
(y) Decree
of the ·FUehrer concerning the 1ega1'status of the NSDAP (Er1ass
das Fuehrers uber die Rechtsste11urig del" NSDAP) of'12 December, 1942,
RGB1. 1/733.
(z) Police Ordinance concerning the identification of male and female work
ers from the-East on Reich T~rritory (Po1izeiverordnung uber die
J
�67
Kenntlichmachung der tm Reich oetindlichen ostarvelter und Arbeiterinnen)
ot 19 June. 1944. RGB1.' I/147.
" ,.,
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,
2. The abrogation ot the above mentioned laws does not revive any law enacted
subsequent to 30 January. 1933. which was thereby repealed.
Article II
No German enactment. however or whenever enacted. shall be applied judicially
or administratively in any instance where such application would cause injustice
or inequality, either (a) by tavoring any person because ot his connection with
the National Socialist German Labor Party. its formations, aftiliated associations.
or supervised organizations, or (b) bydiscrtmlnating against any person by reason
ot his race, nationality, religious beliets, or opposition to the National
Socialist German Labor Party or its doctrines.
Article III
Any person applying or attempting to apply any law repealed by this law will
be liable to criminal prosecution.
Done at Berlin 20 Deptember 1945
2
Law No.2:
PrOViding tor the Te'rmination and Liquidation of the Nazi Organizations
The Control Council enacts as tollows:
Article I
1. The National Socialist German Labour Party, its tormations, ,af'til1ated
associations and supervised agencies. including para-military organizations and
all other Nazi institutions established as instruments ot party domination •. are
hereby abolished and declared illegal.
2. The Nazi organizations enumerated in the attached Appendix, or which may
be added, are expressly ,abolished. [Not printed.]
t~e
3. The re-torming ot any ot the organizations named herein. whether under
same or ditterent name, is torbidden.
Article II
All real estates. equipments. tunds. accounts. records and other property ot
the organizations abolished by this law are confiscated. Confiscation is carried
out by Military Commands; general directives concerning the distribution ot the
confiscated property are given by the Control pounc.il.
Article III
Until such time as .the property mentioned is actually placed under the con
trol ot the Military Commands all ofticers and other personnel. including ad
ministrative otticials and others accountable tor such property, are held
personally responsible tor taking, any action necessary to pr~Serve intact all
(
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68
such property. and ror complying with the orders
ing such property.
or
the Military Commands regard
Al'"ticle IV
Any person violating any provision
prosecution.
or
this law shall be
liable~o
criminal
Done at Berlin 10 October 1945
Proclamation No.3:
ruridamental Principles
or
Judicial Rerorm
. By the el~nation or the Hitler' tyranny by the Allied Powers the terrorist
system or Nazi Courts has been liquidated. It is necessary to establish a new
democratic judicial system based on the achievements or democracy, civilization
and Justice. The Control Council thererore proclatms the rollowing rundamental
principles or judicial rerorm which shall be applied throughout Germany.
I
Equality berore the Law
All pe~sons are equal berore the law. No person whatever his race, nation
ality or religion, shall be deprived or his legal rights.
II
Guarantees
or
the Rights
1. No persons shall be deprived
process or law.
law.'
or
or
the Accused
lire, liberty or property without due
2. Crtminalresponsibility shall be determined only ror orrences provided by
3. Determinatlonby any courto! any crime ~by analogy" or by so;;"called
"sound popular instinct," as heretorore provided in the German Crtminal Code, is
prohibited.
4. In an" criminal prosecution the ~ccused shall have the rights recognized
by democratic law, namely the right to a speedy and public trial and to be in-,
rormed otthe nature and caUBe ot the accusation, the right to be contronted with
..itnesses in his tavor and the right to have the assistance or counsel ror his
,derence.· Excessive or inhuman punishments or any not provided by law w11l not be
inflicted.
.
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5. Sentences on persons unjustly conYicted under the Hitler.Regime on
political, racial or religious grounds must be quashed.
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�69
III
(
Liquidation of EXtraordinary Hitler Courts
The People's Court, Courts of the NSDAP and Special Courts are abolished and
their re-establisbment prohibited.
IV
Independence of the Judiciary
•
,1. Judges will be independent from executive oontrol when exercising their
functions and owe obedience only to the law.
2. Access to judicial functions will be open to all who accept democratic
principles without account of their race, social origin or religion. The pro
motion of judges will be based solely on merit and legal qualifications.
V
Justice will be administered in Germany in accordance with the principles of
_tl'lis proclamation by a system of Ordinary German Courts.
Done at Berlin 20 October 1945
4
Law No.4:
Reorganization of the German Judicial System
November 10, 1945
The Control Council, in accordance with its proclamation to the German
people, dated 20 October 1945, deciding that ,the German Judicial system must be
reorganized on the bas.is of the principles of democracy, legality and equality
before the law of the citizens, without distinction of race, nationality or re-.
ligion, enacts as follows:
Article 1 .
Reorganisation of the German courts, w111 in principle, take place in con
formity with the Law concerning the structure of the Judiciary of 27 January 1877,
Edition of 22 March 1924 eRGBl 1/299). The following system of ordinary courts
is to be reestablished: Amtsgerichte, Landgerichte, and Oberlandesgerichte.
Articl~
II
The Jurisdiction of Amtsgerichte and Landgerichte in civil and, criminal
cases will, in general be determined in conformity with the law in force on 30
January _1933; however, the civ11 jurisdiction.of the Amtsgerichte w11l be extended
to claim of a value not exceeding RM. 2000.
The Landg&richte will have appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the
Amtsgerichte.
The Oberlandesgerichtew111 have no original jurisdiction but w,111 have
final appellate Jurisdiction over the decisions of the Landgerichte in civil
�•
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70
cases; they will-have ,the right or review on question or law (Revision) over de
cisiona or Amtsgerichte and Landgerichte in criminal cases as provided by law.
Article III
Jurisdiction or German Courts shall extend to all cases both civil and
criminal with the rollowing exceptions:
,
.
(a) Criminal orfenses committed against, the Allied Occupation Forces;
(b) criminal orrenses committed by Nazis or any other persons against citi
zens or Allied nations and their property, as well as attempts directed towards
the re-establisbment or the Nazi regime, and the activity or the Nazi organisa
tions;
.
zens
or
(c) Criminal orrensesinvolving military. personnel
Allied nations;
or
or
Allied Forces or citi
(d) Other selected civil and criminal cases withdrawn rrom the jurisdiction
German Courts, as directed by the Allied Military Command;
(e) When an orrense committed is not or such a n'ature as to compromise the
security or the Allied Forces, the Military Command may leave it to the juris
diction or German Courts.
Article IV
To errect the reorganization or the Judicial system, all rormer members or
the Nazi Party who have been more than nominal participants in its activities and
all other persons who directly rollowed the punitive practices or the Hitler
regime must be dismissed rrom appointments as judges and prosecutors and will not
be admitted to those appointments.
Article V
In carrying out this law, it is lert to the discretion or the MilttaryCom
mand gradually to bring the Jurisdiction or German courts into conformity with
this law.
Article VI
This law will come into rorce rrom the date ,or its promulgation.
, tary Commanders or Zones are charged with its execution.
The Mili
Done at Berlin 30 October 1945
'5
Law No. 34:
Dissolution
or
the Wehrmacht
The Control Council, in accordance with Proclamation No. 2, Section I, para
graph 1, or 20th September 1945, enacts as rollows:
Article I
The German War Ministries: Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OD), Oberkommando
'
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14'26
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1945, VOLUME
m
740.00119 Control (Oerman:r)/l1-284I5: Telegram
The United States Political Atlvu61' for G61"1TUlIT/.,!/ (Mtll7'pky) to eM
Secretary of State
[lllxtract]
BERL1lt, November 28,1945-8 p. m.
[Received December 1-2: 18 a. DL]
1126. (1) Twenty-third meeting of .the Coordinating Committee.
Russian member presiding, was held yesterday and gave rise to a cer
tain acrimony on the questions of restitution and deeentraliz&tion
of German economy.
(2) Economics Directorate produced a report 'f1' containing on the
one hand a Russian definition of restitution and a US, British and
French definition on the other. Russian definition, which was ea
simtially" the sarneas that brought forward at last Coordinating
Committee meeting (see 1092 of Novembe,r 24, 6 p. m,T8), was that'
restitution is limited to property capable of identifiCSItion, forcibly
seized and carried away from the territory of the country by the
enemy. Alternative definition was that restitution will be limited
to identifiable goods which existed at the time of the OCCUpa.tiOl1
and which were taken out of the country by the enemy, whatever the
means of dispossession; it would also include identifiable goods pro
duced during the occupation acquired by the enemy by force. French
member pointed out that in this latter respect the alternative defini.
tion was narrower than the Declaration of January 5, 1943,19 which
envisaged restitution of goods sold to the enemy with the consent of
the victim country and/or pointed to the conciliatory attitude of his
delegation in accepting this narrower interpretation. He referred'
to the positions taken at the current Paris Reparations Conference,
by the US, British and French representatives.' This provoked a
question by the British member as to which body would furnish a
definition and he stated his understanding that responsibility in this
regard rested with the Control Council.
.
General Clay emphasized the urgent need of reaching a definition
and pointed out that the intent of the present discussion was mainly
to set a limit on restitution and that progress could later be made
with respect to procedure. He suggested a compromise along the
following lines:
"Restitution will be limited in the first instance to identifiable goods
which existed at the time of the occupation of the country and which
'11 The paper referred to, designated CORC/P (45) 167, a~tually emaoated
from the Reparations; Del1veries, and Restitution Directorate.
.. Extracts of thIs telegram, dealing with a dIfferent aspect of' the Germu
mtnllt.!on. !'ITA nMnf!,o (\n u. !lll.
r
I
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J>lre.L,h ~
GERMANY
i
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N ()I. ~)
I
1~27
were taken out of the countr;y by the enemy thr0l:lgh Use of force.
Also falling under measures o.f restitution are identifiable goods pro
duced during the occupation
whose aequisition was accompanied
by an act of force. .AlI other articles removed by the enemy which
existed at the time of occupation are eligible for restitution to the
extent consistent
left Germany." with reparations and the minimum economy_ to be
and
French member pointed out French pUblic opinion could not ac
cept the leaving of certain important looted articles to the remaining
German minimum economy, but he stated he would seek his Govt's
views on General Clay's suggestion for presentation the next meet
ing. Russian member likewise requested time for consideration.
British member expressed sympathy with French position and men
tioned he would accept whatever definition is agreeable to the French.
MURPHY
DePartmeot of the Arm7 FJJea : Telegram
Ths Joint Ohiefs of Btal! to General OlarM and General McNa1'ney80
WASBl:NOTON, 29 November 1945.
Watt 85965. 1. This directive,81 received from the State, 1Var
arid Navy Departments, is issued to you as Commander in Chief, U.S.
Zone of Occupation, Austria (Germany) and U.S. Member of the
Allied Council; Austria (Germany).
You will seek to obtain agreement in the Control Council to the
application in the other zones of occupation of the polic.ies laid down
in this directive. If, in your judgment, it appears impossible to
obtain quadripartite agreement, you will explore the possibilities of
1\ tripartite agreement applicable to the three western zones and make
appropriate recommendations to the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
You will proceed with the application of thi$ directive in your own
roneeven prior to agreement, provided,however, that restitution of
property defined in Paragraphs 2 c and 2 d will be effected only when
the return of such property is certified by the appropriate representa
tive of the claimant country to be urgently required for the rehnbilita
and reconstruction of his country. The restitution shall not be
delayed on the ground that items subject to restitution are needed
-Gen. Joseph T. MeNarney had SUcceeded Gen. Dwiltht D. Eisenhower as
{'()mmandfng General, United States Forces. European Theater, Unfteil Stntes
lIllltary Governor
'.\1 {'()nncll, Germany.
for Germany, and United States Member of the .A.lUed Control
.'. II.A. draft of this directive had been apprOT"ed by Informal action of the Stn te
" JJ4/2; ~oncemlnl!" iIlWl\T(""" or" ," - .. _-, XOT"ember 1~ FlTlrl A"~'N""'"' "~ .. ,,
~ War-Navy CoordInating Committee on ,
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1428
'1i'OREIGN RELATIONS, a45, VOLUME m
I
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" to meet the military or civilian requirements in any'. zone of occupa
tion provided that in the case of transportation equipment restitution
may be so phased as not to reduce availa;ble transportation below that
required' for military deployment and for purposes of the occupation,
including the removal of industrial plant and equipment for'
reparation.
'
ITEMS SUBJECT TO REsTlTUTION
2. Without prejudice to the formulation of a definitive restitution
program, the following categories of property shall; as an interim
measure, be subject to restitution in accordance with the provisions
of this directive:
a. All currencies of the United Nations occupied by GerIll&ny; ,
b. Works of art and cultural works of either religious artistic,
documentar;y, scholastic or historic value including, as weh as'ree
ogI!.ized works of art,'such objects as rare musical instruments, books
and manuscripts, scientific documents of an historic or cultural nature
and all objects usually found in museums, collections, libraries, and
historic archives, identified as having been looted or acquired in any
wa:y through commercial transactions or otherwise by Germ8JlS from
Umted Nation countries during German occupation;
c. Heavy and power-driven industrial.and agricultural machinery
and ~uipment, rolling stock, locomotives, barges and other trans
portatIon equipment (other than sea-going vessels) and communi
cation and power equipment 'identified. as having been looted or
acquired in any way by Germans from United Nations during Germ:m.
occupation;
d. Other goods, valuables (excludin~ gold,' securities, and foreijlD
currencies other than those mentioned m Paragraph 2' a), materials,
equipment, livestock and other property found in storage or other
Wl.se in bulk form and identified as having been looted or acquired
in any way ,by Germans from United Nations during German
occupation;
e. In the case of property mentioned in c and d above which wns
produced durin~ the period of occupation, restitution shall be made
only if the clalIDant government submits adequate proof that the
property in question was acquired by Germany through an act of
force.
PaOCEDURES FOR REsTITUTION
3. Your government will tra,nsmitto you from the governments of
the USSR, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherla,nds, Norway,
Denmark, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Greece lists ·of
property claimed to have been taken from their countries during the
period of German invasion or occupation. Such lists will include
wherever possible all relevant informa,tion which will aid in the identi
fication and location of such property.
4. After examination of these lists you will indicate to your gov
ernment which of these countries should ,be invited to send missions
GERMANY
1429
,:
into your zone for the purpose of (a) substantiating claims for the
: restitution of property mentioned in paragraphs 2 a and d, (0), re
" ceiving information regarding the location Of property which has
,I
been the subject of restitution claims by their government (c) identify
ing and receiving any such property to be restored or distributed in
accordance with the provisions of this directive. ' You will recommend
appropriate time and the size of the mission. After approval, details
can be arranged by the respective governments direct with you as
commander in chief of the United States Zone. You Win furnish such
missionszone.
in your facilities necessary to the proper discharge of their functions
O. You will take steps to deliver all pape! currency of United
Nation countries invaded or occupied by Germany, now in your zone,
to the government of the country of issue without the DeCessity of
proof that it was looted or otherwise acquired from that country
during the period of German invasion or occupation. ,
. 6. You will take steps in your zone to uncover and secure possession
of property covered by paragraphs 2 0, 2 c and 2 d, mentioned in
lists submitted by claimant governments, and to reStore such prop
erty to the government of the country from which it was taken.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
7. You will require 'the claimant governments to give receipts for
items received by them in accordance with the provisions of the di.
rective. These receipts shall contain a brief description of the item
received and its condition, and a waiver of any further claim as repa
ration or otherwise based upon the removal of the item concerned by
the Germans or the exaction of funds used by the Germans to pa,y for ,
it.
8. You will keep a complete record of items returned or distributed
in accordance with the provisions of this directive; and you will sub
mit to the Control Council and your government monthly reports on
the progress of the restitution program. .
9. The cost of administering this program of restitution shall be
counted as part of the costs of occupation. '
10. Any property subject to restitution uncovered in Austria and
subsequently removed to Germany shan be regarded as uncovered
. in Germany.
11. After final determination of the amount and character of repa
rations removals, to be made by 2 February 1946, there should be no
restitution on any items of equipment of key importance to' plants
retained in Germany as essential to minimum peacetime,economy.
�/~" ~l0o(n
214
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''17
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
distribution of essential commodities, suf.)ject to the approval and review of the
Supreme Commander in order to assure their conformity with the objectives of
the occupation.
4. Reparations and Restitution-a. Reparations-Reparations for Japanese
aggression shall be made:
(1) Through the transfer-as may be determined by the appropriate Allied
authorities-of Japanese property located outside of the territories to be retained
by Japan.
(2) Through the transfer of such goods or existing capital equipment and
facilities as are not necessary for a peaceful Japanese economy or the supplying
of the occupying forces. Exports other than those directed to be shipped on
reparation account or as restitution may be made only to thoS!! recipients who
agree to provide necessary imports in exchange or agree to pay for such exports
in foreign exchange. No form of reparation shall be exacted which will inter
fere with or prejudice the program for Japan's demilitarization.
b. Restitution-Full and prompt restitution will be required of all identifiable
looted property.
.
.5. Fiscal, Monetary, and Banking Policies-The Japanese authorities will
remain responsible for the management and direction of the domestic fiscal,
monetary, and credit poliCies subject to the approval and review of the Supreme
Commander.
6. International Trade and Financial Relations-Japan shall be permitted
eventually to resume normal trade relations with the rest of the world. During
occupation and under suitable controls, Japan' will be permitted to purchase
from foreign countries raw materials and other goods that it may need for
peaceful purposes, and to export goods to pay for approved imports.
. Control is to be maintained over all imports and exports of goods, and
. foreign exchange and financial transactions. Both the. policies follow~d in the
exercise of these controls and their actual administration shall be subject to the
approval and supervision of the Supreme Commander in order to make sure
that they are not contrary to the policies of the occupying authorities, and in
particular that all foreign purchasing power that Japan may acquire is utilized
only for essential needs.
7. Japanese Property Located Abroad-Existing Japanese external assets and
existing Japanese assets located in territories detached from Japan under the
terms of surrender, including assets owned in whole or part by the Imperial
Household and Government, shall be revealed to the occupying authorities and
held for disposition according to the decision of the Allied authorities.
8. Equality of Opportunity for Foreign Enterprise within Japan-The Jap
anese authorities shall not give, or permit any Japanese business organization
to give, exclusive or preferential opportunity or terms to the enterprise of any
foreign country, or cede to such enterprise control of any important branch of
economic activity.
9. Imperial H01lseholdProperty-Imperial Household property shall not be
exempted from any action necessary to carry out the objectives of the occupation.
'D-e£-,
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APPENDIX
215
XVI
STATEMENT ON AMERICAN ECONOMIC POLICY
TOWARD GERMANY
December 12, 1945.1
A. STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE
,
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The Department of State has formulated a statement of its economic policy
toward Germany for the guidance of the United States occupying authorities
and has transmitted that statement to the War Department and to the Govem
ments of the other occupying powers. ~enal policy was, of course,
. laid down at Potsdam. The purpose of 1S staent is to IIiidie dear tfie
--1ilileClcan conception 6lthe meaning of the Potsdam Declaration as it bears on
present and impending economic issues in Germany.
.
The position of Germany in the/resent world picture must be looked at
broadly against the whole backgroun of recent history. For six years Germany
has ruthlessly imposed war and destruction on Europe and the world. The
Nazis who ruled there for more than a decade are now defeated, discredited
and have been or are being rooted from positions of power. The final stages
of war caused vast movements of Germans within their own country, and
peace has permitted the return to their homes of millions of foreign laborers
who had been enslaved in German mines and factories. The insistence of the
Nazis on continuing the war to the bitter end caused enormous destruction to
German Cities, transport facilities and other capital of the country. These are
the basiC reasons for the present position of Germany, a position tor which the
Germans themselves areprimarify responsible. German industrial production
will for some time be low and her people ill-fed even if there were no occupa
tion and no reparations program.
The Potsdam Declaration involves three stages in the return of Germany to
normal economic conditions. The first covers the German economy from the
surrender of the armed forces, last May, to at least the end of the present winter.
In this interval our broad purposes are to· ensure that our policy in Germany
makes the maximum possible contribution to recovery in areas recently- liberated
from Germany and, positively, to set up a structure that will provide for the
future recovery of Germany in conformity with the principles agreed to at
Potsdam.
.
Within these broad objectives four principal immediate aims are these:
First, to increase to the greatest possible extent the export of coal from Ger
many to liberated areas. The rate of economic recovery in Europe depends upon
the coal supplies available over this winter; and it is our intention to maintain
the policy of hastening the recovery of liberated areas, even at the cost of
delaying recovery in Germany.
Second, to use the months before spring to set up and to set into motion, in
conjunction with our Allies, the machinery necessary to execute the reparations
and disarmament programs laid down and agreed at Potsdam. A considerable
part of the statement just issued is directed to making clear the technical basis
on which we believe the reparations calculation should be made.. This calcula
tiori, which requires definition of the initial postwar German economy, must be
completed before February 2, 1946.
.
IReJeased to the press December 12. Department of State, Bulletin, Vol. XIII (194~),
pp. 960·96~.
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Third, to set up German administrative agencies which would operate under
close policy control of the occupying authorities in the fields of finance, trans
port, communications, foreign trade, and industry. Such agencies,. explicitly
. required by the terms of the Potsdam agreement, must operate if Germany is to
be treated as an economic unit and if we are to move forward to German
.recovery and to the eventual termination of military occupation.
Fourth, to prevent mass starvation in Germany. Throughout Europe there
are many areas where the level of diet is at or close to starvation. In terms of
world supply and of food shipments froni the United States, liberated areas
must enjoy a higher priority than Germany throughout this first post-war winter.
The United States policy, in collaboration with its Allies, is to see that sufficient
food is available in Germany to avoid mass starvation. At the moment the
calory level for the normal German consumer has been established at 1,550 per
day. This requires substantial imports of foodstuffs into Germany, especially
of wheat; and for its own zones of Germany and Berlin the United States is
now importing wheat to achieve this level. The bulk of the German population
has been eating more than 1,550 calories daily, either because they can supple
ment the ration from foodstuffs available in the countryside, or because their
work justifies a ration level higher than that of the normal consumer, as in the
case of coal miners. In the major cities, and especially ~erlin, however, a food
problem exists and is/articularly severe during the winter months. One thou
sand, five hundred an fifty calories is riot sufficient to sustain in health a popu
lation over a long period of time, but as a basic level for the normal consumer
it should prevent mass starvation in Germany this winter. If a higher level
for the normal consumer is judged to be required and if it is justified by food
standards in liberated areas, the ration level in Germany may be raised by
agreement among the four occupying powers.
In short, this will be an exceedingly hard winter for Germany, although only
slightly more difficult than for certain of the liberated areas. A softening of
American policy toward the feeding of German civilians and toward the alloca
tion of coal exports from Germany, while it would ease the difficult task of the
four occupying authorities, could largely be at the expense of the liberated areas.
We are, however, constructively preparing for the second stage in German
economic policy, which should begin some time next spring.
. In this second stllge, it is envisaged that Germany will gradually recover.
Simultaneously with the removal of plants under reparation, plants will be ear
marked for retention; and as fuel and raw materials become available, German
industry which is permitted to remain will be gradually reactivated and the
broken transport system revived. Although coal exports from Germany will
continue, the probable expansion in coal output should permit larger allocations
in coal to the German economy, after the end of the winter. German industrial
production will then increase and German exports should begin to approach a
level where they can finance necessary imports and gradually repay the occupying
forces for their outlays in the present emergency period.
The third stage of economic development will follow after the period of repa
ration removals, which under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration must be com
pleted by February 2, 1948. The resources left to Germany at that time will be
available to promote improvement of the German standard of living to a level
equal to that of the rest of continental Europe other than the Soviet Union and
the United Kingdom. Housing and transport will recover more rapidly than
APPENDIX
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217
in the previous stages of economic development. In general, the German people
will during this period recover control over their economy subject to such re
sidual limitations as the occupying powers decide to impose. These limitations,
which will be determined by agreement among the occupying powers, should,
in the opinion of this Government, be designed solely to prevent German re
armament and not to restrict or reduce the German standard of living.
In all these stages it must be borne in mind that the present occupying powers,
as well as many other nations, have suffered severely from German aggression,
have played a large role in the German defeat and have an enduring interest in
the postwar settlement of Germany. The settlement agreed at Potsdam re'luires
the shifting of boundaries in the East and the movement of several mlllion
Germans from other countries. That settlement also requires, in the interests
of European rehabilitation and security, the removal from Germany of a large
part of the industrial warmaking capacity which never served the German
civilian, but which, from 1933 on, served to prepare for war and to make war.
In the words of the Potsdam Declaration:
"It is not the intention of the Allies to destroy or enslave the German people.
It is the intention of the Allies that the German people be given the opportunity
to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and
peaceful basis. If their own efforts are steadily directed to this end, it will be
possible for them in due course to take their place among the free and peaceful
peoples of the world."
B. STATE DEPARTMENT STATEMENT ON REPARATIONS SBTl'LEMBNT
AND PEACETIME ECONOMY OF GERMANY
(1) The determination of the amount and character of industrial capital
equipment unnecessary for the German peacetime economy which is to be made
by tlle Allied Control Council prior to February 2, 1946, has the limited pur
poses of eliminating the existing German war potential and deciding the volume
of available reparation from the three western zones of occupation.
(a) The task of the Allied Control Council is to eliminate German industrial
capacity to produce finished arms, ammunition, implements of war, aircraft and
sea-going ships, either by removing such capacity as reparation or by .destroying
it, and to effectuate a drastic reduction in the capacities of the metallurgical,
machinery and chemical 2 industries. The present determination, however, is
not designed to impose permanent limitations on the German economy. The
volume of permitted industrial production of a peacetime character will be
subject to constant review. after February 2, 1946; and final Allied decisions
regarding restrictions to be maintained on German industrial capacity and pro
duction will not be made until the framing of the peace settlement with Germany.
(b) While reparation removals will undoubtedly retard Germany's economic
recovery, the United States intends, ultimately, in cooperation with its Allies,
to permit the German people under a peaceful democratic government of their
'The phrases "machine industry" and "machine· manufacturing industry" in the Berlin
Declaration should be interpreted broadly. The parallel language from ].C.S. 1067
covers machine-tool, automotive, and radio and electrical industries. It is suggested that
the phrases should be interpreted to cover "metal-working industry," or, in British
terminology, heavy and light engineering. The words. "chemical industry" should be
interpreted to include particularly that part of the industry which is devoted,. or can be
readily converted. to war production, and to exclude potash and salt industries, which
should be included with extractive j".1,,<I.;...
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218
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
own choice to' develop their own resources and to work toward a higher standard
of living subject only to such restrictions designed to prevent production of
armaments as may be laid down in the peace settlement.
(2) It is in the interest of the United States to abide strictly by the terms of
the Berlin Declaration which imposes a severe reparation obligation on Germany
in order to:
(a) weaken effectively the economic base from which war industry could be
derived until a peaceful democratic Government is firmly established in
Germany;
(b) provide material assistance to United Nations countries which have
suffered from Nazi aggression and which now face tasks of rehabilitation and
.
reconstruction from the damage of war;
(c) insure that, in the recovery from economic chaos left by war in Europe,
the aggressor nation, Germany, shall not reconstitute a peacetime standard of
living at an earlier date than the countries ravaged by German arms.
(3) The security interest of the United States and its Allies requires the de
struction in Germany of such industrial capital equipment as cannot be removed
as reparation and as can only be used for the production of armaments or of
metallurgical, machinery or chemical products in excess of the peacetime needs
of the German economy. It is not, however, the intention of the United States
wantonly.to destroy German structures and installations which can readily be
used for permitted peacetime industrial activities or for temporary shelter. It
will evidently be necessary to destroy specialized installations and structures used
in shipbuilding, aircraft, armaments, explosives and certain chemicals which
cannot be removed as reparation. Non-specialized installations and structures
in the same fields may have to be destroyed in substantial part, if not desired as
reparation, in cases of integrated industrial complexes the layout of which is
such as substantially to facilitate reconversion from peacetime to war. purposes
at some later date. Finally, in removing equipment from plants declared avail
able for reparation, no consideration shourd be given to withholding portions
of the equipment desired by a reparation recipient in order to retain remaining
installations and structur,es in more effective condition for peacetime uses.
Within these limits, however, the reparation and security policies of the United
States are not designed to result in punitive destruction of capital equipment
of value to the German peacetime economy.
(4) For the purpose of determining the industrial. capacity of the peacetime
German economy, thus eliminating its war potential-the real basis on which
the amount and character of reparation removals are to be calculated-it should
be assumed that the geographical limits of Germany are those in conformity
with provisions of the Berlin Declaration, i.e., those of the Altreich less the
territory east of the Oder-Neisse line.
(5) The Berlin Declaration furnishes as a guide to removals of industrial
equipment as reparation the concept of a balanced peacetime German economy
capable of providing the German people.with a standard of living not in excess
of the European average (excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics). In the view of the Department of State the Berlin
Declaration is not intended to force a reduction 10 German living standards
except as such reduction is required to enable Germany to meet her reparation
payments. In effect, the Berlin Declaration merely provides that Germany's
obligation to make reparation for the war damage which her aggression caused
APPENDIX
219
to other countries should not be reduced in order to enable Germany to main
tain a standard of living above the European average. The Department of State
further interprets the standard-of-living criterion to refer to the year imme
diately following the two-year period of reparation removals. For the purpose
of meeting this requirement, German industrial capacity after reparation re
movals should be physically capable of producing a standard of living equivalent
to the European average in, say, 1948. Given the difficult problems of ad
ministration and economic organization which the German peacetime economy
will still face' in 1948, it may be doubted that industrial equipment remaining
in Germany at that time will in fact produce at full capacity, so that the standard
of living realized in Germ;l.Oy is likely for some time to fall short of the
European average.
(6) It may be assumed that the European standard of living in 1948 would
approximate the average standard of living over the period 1930-38. If this
assumption be adopted, the German standard of living chosen as a basis for esti
mating the industrial capital equipment to remain in Germany could be arrived
at by use of German consumption data in a year in which the German standard
of living, as measured by national income indices, most closely approximated
the 1930-38 average in Europe. The German consumption standard in the year
selected should be subject to adjustments upwards or downwards to compensate
for any over-all difference between the German standard in the year selected
and the European average. Past consumption records defined as suggested above
are meant only as a general guide. They would require the following further
adjustments:
(a) Provision for change in population between year selected and 1948.
(b) Adjustment to allow for notable deviations in pattern of German con
sumption in selected year from normal pattern.
.
(c) Allowance to enable the German people to make good, at reasonable
rates of reconstruction, the wide-spread damage to buildings in Germany, and
to the transport system as scaled down to meet the requirements of the German
peacetime economy. It is suggested that sufficient additional resources beyond
those required to provide the adjusted output of the selected year should be
left to overcome the building shortage in twenty years and to' effect repairs to
structures on rail and road transport systems over five years.
( d) Sufficient resources should be left to Germany to enable that country,
after completion of industrial removals and reactivation of remaining resources,
to exist without external assistance. This topic is more fully treated below.
. (7) In planning the peacetime German economy, the interests of the United
States are confined to the .industrial disarmament of Germany and to the pro.
vision of a balanced economic position at the standard of living indicated. The
United States does not seek to eliminate or weaken German industries of a .
peaceful character, in which Germany has produced effectively for world markets,
for the purpose of protecting American markets from German goods, aiding
American exports, or for any other selfish advantage. Similarly the United
States is opposed to the attempt of any other country to use the industrial dis
armament plan of the Berlin Declaration to its own commercial ends at the
expense of a peacetime German economy. It is our desire to see Germany's
economy geared to a world system and not an autarchical system.
(8) In determining the volume of removals for reparation purposes, the
United States should not approve removals on such a scale that Germ~nv wOI1I,.!
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221
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVElLNMENT
APPENDIX
be unable, owing to a shortage of capital equipment, to export goods in sufficient
many would still require United Nations aid in financing and possibly in pay
ing for minimum imports necessary to prevent disease and unrest. Even after
substantial capital removals have been completed, it is doubtful that the German
economy can operate for some time up to the limits of remaining industrial
capacity, due to the limited availability of fuel, food, raw materials, and the
slow progress which can be made in filling the gat> left by the Nazis in the
economic and political organization of Germany. It IS possible, and even likely,
that the physical transport of reparation removals will limit transport capacity
available for recovery of the German economy and for the expansion of exports.
It is in this respect only, however, that the reparation policy laid down in the
Berlin DeclaratIOn may require the United Nations to finance German imports
for a longer period, or to pay for them in greater degree, than if no provision
for reparation from Germany had been made.
.
(10) During the next two years the United States and other occupying powers
must finance minimum essential imports into Germany to the extent that ex
ports from stocks and current production do not suffice to cover the cost of such
imports. Since the Berlin Declaration makes no provision with respect to the
German standard of living in the period' of occupation, the occupymg powers
are not obliged to provide imports sufficient for the attainment in Germany of
a standard of living equal to the European average. The present standard of
supply in Germany, so far as the United States is concerned, is still governed
by the "disease and unrest" formula. Under the conditions set forth in para
graph 9, it will prove desirable to extend the type and volume of imports into
Genriany not only because of our intere$t in avoiding disease and unrest en
dangering our occupying forces but also because of our interest in reactivating
selected German export industries which would yield a volume of foreign ex
change, and as far as possible to repay the past outlays of the occupying powers
on imports. If, when the time comes for the conclusion of a peace treaty with
Germany, there remains a backlog of unpaid imports, the occupying powers
will have to decide. whether or not to impose on Germany an oblIgation to pay
off the accumulated deficit.
(11) For the immediate future, and certainly until next spring, military
government authorities should concentrate on the repair of transport, emergency
repair of housing and essential utilities, and the maximization of coal and agri
cultural production. Some coal will of course be required in Germany to effect
the minimum repairs of transport, housing, and utilities calle,d for in existing
.directives. As long as coal and raw materials remain in short supply in Europe.
however. it is United States policy to make them available in maximum quanti
ties for the revival of industrial output in liberated areas.
The maximizatign of coal exports in accordance with existing directives will
make it impossible to allocate within Germany coal sufficient to attain a sig
nificant volume of industrial production and over the coming winter it will
limit activity even in fields directly related to 'repair of transport, housing and
utilities and to agriculture.
If and when the coal crisis in Europe is surmounted-perhaps by next spring
-it will be possible to review the situation and ascertain whether larger amounts
. of German coal can be allocated for essential industrial production in Germany,
and in particular for the selective reactivation of German export industries. The
possibilities in. this direction will depend not only on the satisfaction of coal
requirements in liberated areas, but also on the suc('e~~ "f mil i~" ~. "".,AO-:- ~ - - L
220
quantities to pay for essential imports. Thus capacity should be left to enable
Germany to produce for export goods which yield enough foreig(l exchange
to pay for the imports required for a standard of living equal to .the average in
Europe, excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. In this connection, the following points should be stressed:
(a) In determining the amount of cat>ital equipment to be retained in Ger
many, 'provision need be made for capaoty to proauce exports sufficient to pay
for estunated current imports. No allowance should be made in German export
industry to provide capacity to pay for externally incurred occupation costs,
including imports of goods consumed by forces of occupation, and troop pay
not expended in Germany.
.
(b) The provision in the Berlin Declaration which stipulates that in or
ganizing the German economy "primary emphasis shall be given to the develop
ment of agricultural and 'peaceful domestic industries"· requires that the maxi
mum possible provision be made for exports from sources other than the metal,
machinery, and chemical industries.
.
(c) It is implicitly recognized in the Berlin Declaration that the policy of
industrial capital equipment removals and the restriction of exports in the fields
of metals, n:iachinery and chemicals will require countries which have previously
depended on Germany as a source of these products to obtain them elsewhere.
Since capacity in the metal, machinery and chemical industries in excess of
German peacetime needs is to be transferred to countries ·entitled. to receive
reparation from Germany, it is expected that the industrial capacity lost in
Germany will after an interval be refovered in large part elsewhere in the
world, and for the most part in Europe. But it should be borne in mind that
the industry removed from Germany will in the main replace industry destroyed
by the Germans and will not be sufficient to meet the prewar demand. It should
be emphasized, however, that any effort toward industrial recovery in Germany
must not be permitted to retard reconstruction in European COUQtries which
have suffered from German aggression.
(d) In determining the amount of capacity required to strike an export
import balance, the United States and other occupying powers cannot in fact
guarantee that the. export·import balance will be achieved. Their responsibility
is only to provide reasonable opportunity for the attainment of balance at the
agreed minimum level of standard of living. In fixing the amount of industrial
capacity necessary for export, the provision of margins of safety is unnecessary
, if Germany's export potential is estimated on reasonable basis. It should be
noted that, if resources are left to enable Germany to make good her war damage
and depreciation in housing and transport over certain numbers of years as
suggested in laragraph 5 (d), extension of the period in which such deficits
are liquidate would in case of need make some additional capacity available
for prOduction of export goods.
(9) The necessity which devolves upon the United States and other occuPy
ing powers to finance imports into Germany and possibly to pay for such Im
ports in the next few years does not arise in the first instance from the policy
of reparation removals agreed upon at Potsdam. The German economy was
brought virtually to a standstill by Germany's defeat, which produced an almost
complete breakdown of transport, economic organization, administration, and
direction. If no removals of industrial capital equipment were attempted, Ger
a
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
II. Fllnctions
authorities in raising German coal output and restoring the German transport
system.
.
Meanwhile, military government authorities should survey the fuel and raw
material requirements of German industries capable of supplying essential civil
ian goods and of manufacturing for export so that, as soon as coal and raw
materials can be made available, a program for selective reactivation of remain
ing industrial capacity in Germany can get underway. In formulating this pro
gram, attempt must be made to give priority to industries which in relation to
expenditures of fuel and raw materials will contribute most toward striking an
ultimate export-import balance in Germany, as well as to the satisfaction of
the most pressing internal requirements of the German economy.
(12) The role of the occupying authorities in the process of German revival
should, in general, be that of providing and setting the conditions within which
the Germans themselves assume responsibility for the performance of the Ger
man economy. To this end, the occupying authorities should devote primary
attention in planning revival to the development of German administrative
machinery, not only in the fields of intrazonal production and trade but in
intenonal and international trade, and in the application of common policies
in transport, agriculture, banking, cUrrency, taxation, etc.
As one aspect of this process, denazification should be satisfactorily completed
during the present period. For the rest, great importance attaches to the con·
clusion within the Allied Control Council of agreements governing policies to
be followed in various aspects of the German economy enumerated ana devising
intenonal German machinery for their application.
A. The functions of the Far Eastern Commission sba11 be:
1. To formulate the policies, principles, and standards in conformity with
which the fulfillment by Japan of its obligations under the Terms of Surren
der may be accomplished.
2. To review, on the request of any member, any directive issued to the
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or any action taken by the Supreme
Commander involving policy decisions within the jurisdiction· of the Com
mission.
3. To consider such other matters as maybe assigned to it by agreement
among the participating Governments reached in accordance with the voting
procedure provided for in Article V·2 hereunder.
B. The Commission shall not make recommendations with regard to the con
duct of military operations nor with regard to territorial adjustments.
C. The Commission in its activities will proceed from the fact that there has
been formed an Allied Council for Japan and will respect existing control
machinery in Japan, including the chain of command· from the United States
Government to the Supreme Commander and the Supreme Commander's. com
mand of occupation forces.
III. Fllnctions of the United Siales GOfJernment
,
XVII
I
MOSCOW COMMUNIQUE OF DECEMBER 27,1945 1
At the meeting which took place in Moscow from December 16 to December
26, 194' of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, the United States of America and the United Kingdom, agreement
was re!lChed on the following questions:
II
FAR EASTERN COMMISSION AND ALLIED COUNOL FOR JAPAN
A. FAR EASTERN COMMISSION
Agreement was reached, with the concurrence of China, for the establishment
of a Far Eastern Commission to take the place of the Far Eastern Advisory
Commission. The Terms of Reference for the Far Eastern Commission are as
follows:
I. Establishment of the Commission
A Far Eastern Commission is hereby established composed of the representa
tives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States,
China, France, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and the
Philippine Commonwealth.
'Only Sections II and III are reprinted here. For full text see Department of State,
BlIllelin, Vol. XIII (194'), pp. 1027·32.
.
223
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1. The United States Government shall prepare directives in accordance with
policy decisions of the Commission and shall transmit them to the Supreme
Commander through the appropriate United States Government agency.. The
Supreme Commander shall be charged with the implementation of the directives
which express the policy decisions of the Commission.
2. If the Commission decides that any directive or action reviewed in accord
ance with Article II·A·2 should be modified, its decision sba11 be regarded as
a policy decision.
.
3. The United States Government may issue interim directives to the Supreme
Commander pending action by the Commission whenever urgent matters arise
not covered by policies already formulated by the Commission; provided that
any directives dealing with fundamental changes in the Japanese constitutional
structure or in the regime of control, or dealing with a change in the Japanese
Government as a whole will be issued only following consultation and folfowing
the attainment of agreement in the Far Eastern Commission.
4. All directives issued shall be filed with the Commission.
IV. Other Methods of Consllltation
The establishment of the Commission shall not preclude the use of other
methods of consultation on Far Eastern issuel! by the participating Governments.
V. Composition
1. The Far Eastern Commission shall consist of one representative of each of
the States party to this agreement. The membership of the· Commission may
be increased by agreement among the participating Powers as conditions warrant
by the addition of representatives of other United Nations in the Far East or
having territories therein. The Coinmission shall provide for full and adequate
consultations, as occasion may require, with representatives of thf" TJ"itpri'l\l".;,,-_
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Mol born
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
distribution of essential commodities, subject to the approval and review of the
Supreme Commander in order to assure their conformity with the objectives of
the occupation.
4. Reparations and Restitution-a. Reparations-Reparations for Japanese
.
aggression shall be made:
(1) Through the transfer-as may be determined by the appropriate Allied
authorities-of Japanese property located outside of the territories to be retained
by Japan.
(2) Through the transfer of such goods or existing capital equipment and
facilities as are not necessary for a peaceful Japanese economy or the supplying
of the occupying forces. Exports other than those directed to be shipped on
reparation account or as restitution may be made only to thos.e recipients who
agree to provide necessary imports in exchange or agree to pay for such exports
in foreign exchange. No form of reparation shall be exacted which will inter
fere with Or prejudice the program for Japan's demilitarization.
b. Restitution-Full and prompt restitution will be required of all identifiable
looted property.
.
5. Fiscal, Monetary, and Banking Policies-The Japanese authorities will
remain responsible for the management and direction of the domestic fiscal,
monetary, and credit policies subject to the approval and review of the Supreme
Commander.
6. International Trade and Financial Relatio11J-Japan shall be permitted
eventually to resume normal trade relations with the rest of the world. During
occupation and under suitable controls, Japan· will be permitted to purchase
from foreign countries raw materials and other goods that it may need for
peaceful purposes, and to export goods to pay for approved imports.
. Control is to be maintained over all imports and exports of goods, and
foreign exchange and financial transactions. Both the policies followed in the
exercise of these controls and their actual administration shall be subject to the
approval and supervision' of the Supreme Commander in order to make sure
that they are not contrary to the policies of the occupying authorities, and in
particular that all foreign purchasing power that Japan may acquire is utilized
only for essential needs.
7. Japanese Property Located Abroad-Existing Japanese external assets and
existing Japanese assets located in territories detached from Japan under the
terms of surrender, including assets owned in whole or part by the Imperial
Household and Government, shall be revealed to the occupying authorities and
held for disposition according to the decision of the Allied authorities.
8. Equality of opportunity for Foreign Enterprise within Japan-The Jap
anese authorities shall not give, or permit any Japanese business organization
to give, exclusive or preferential opportunity or terms to the enterprise of any
foreign country, or cede to such enterprise control of any important branch of
economic activity.
9. Imperial Household Property-Imperial Household property shall not be
exempted froin any action necessary to carry out the objectives of the occupation.
APPENDIX
215
XVI
STATEMENT ON AMERICAN ECONOMIC POLICY
TOWARD GERMANY
December 12, 1945.1
A. STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE
The Department of State has formulated a statement of its economic policy
toward Germany for the guidance of the United States occupying authorities
and has transmitted that statement to the War Department and to the Govern
ments of the other occupying powers. ~ fundainenal policy was, of course,
laid down at Potsdam. The purpose of this st~t is to mm dear E6e
. 'iUlierlcan conception 6ithe meaning of the Potsdam Declaration as it bears on
present and impending economic issues in Germany. .
The position of Germany in the/resent world picture must be looked at
broadly against the whole backgroun of recent history. For six years Germany
has ruthlessly imposed war and destruction on Europe and the world. The
Nazis who ruled there for more than: a decade are now defeated, discredited
and have been or are being rooted from positions of power. The final stages
of war caused vast movements of -Germans within their own country, and
peace has permitted the return to their homes of millions of foreign laborers
who had been enslaved in German mines and factories. The insistence of the
Nazis on continuing the war to the bitter end caused enormous destruction to
German cities, transport facilities and other capital of the country. These are
the basic reasons for the present position of Germany, a position lor which the
Germans themselves are primarily responsible. German industrial production
will for some time be low and her people ill·fed even if there were no occupa
tion and no reparations program.
The Potsdam Declaration involves three stages in the return of Germany to
normal economic conditions. The first covers the German economy from the
surrender of the armed forces, last May, to at least the end of the present winter.
In this interval our broad purposes are to ensure that our policy in Germany
makes the maximum possible contribution to recovery in areas recently liberated
from Germany and, positively, to set up a structure that will provide for the
future recovery of Germany in conformity with the principles agreed to at
Potsdam.
Within these broad objectives four principal immediate aims are these:
First, to increase to the greatest fossible extent the export of coal from Ger
many to liberated areas. The rate 0 economic recovery in Europe depends upon
the coal supplies available over this winter; and it is our intention to maintain
the policy of hastening the recovery of liberated areas, even at the cost of
delaying recovery in Germany.
.
Second, to use the months. before spring to set up and to set into motion, in
conjunction with our Allies, the machinery necessary to execute the reparations
and disarmament programs laid down and agreed at Potsdam. A considerable
part of the statement just issued is directed to making clear the technical basis
on which we believe the reparations calculation should be made.. This calcula
tiori, which requires definition of the initial postwar German economy, must be
completed before February 2, 1946.
'Released to the press December 12. Department of State, BulleJin, Vol. Xln (1945),
pp. 960-965.
.
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
Third, to set up German administrative agencies which would operate under
close policy control of the occupying authorities in the fields of finance, trans
port, communications, foreign trade, and industry. Such agencies, explicitly
required by the terms of the Potsdam agreement, must operate if Germany is to
be treated as an economic unit and if we are to move forward to German
recovery and to the eventual termination of military occupation.
Fourth, to prevent mass starvation in Germany. Throughout Europe there
are many areas where the level of diet is at or dose to starvation. In terms of
world supply and of food shipments fn;)In the United States, liberated areas
must enjoy a higher priority than Germany throughout this first post-war winter.
The United States policy, in collaboration with its Allies, is to see that sufficient
food is available in Germany to avoid mass starvation. At the moment the
calory level for the normal German consumer has been established at 1,550 per
day. This requires substantial imports of foodstuffs into Germany, especially
of wheat; and for its own zones of Germany and Berlin the United States is
now importing wheat to achieve this level. The bulk of the German population
has been eating more than 1,550 calories daily, either because they can supple
ment the ration from foodstuffs available in the countryside, or because their
work justifies a ration level higher than that of the normal consumer, as in the
case of coal miners. In the major cities, and especially Berlin, however, a food
problem exists and is/articularly severe during the winter months. One thou
sand, five hundred an fifty calories is not sufficient to sustain in health a popu
.lation over a long period of time, but as a basic level for the normal consumer
it should prevent mass starvation in Germany this winter. If a higher level
for the normal consumer is judged to be required and if it is justified by food
standards in liberated areas, the ration level in Germany may be raised by
agreement among the four occupying powers.
In short, this will be an exceedingly hard winter for Germany, although only
slightly more difficult than for certain of the liberated areas. A softening of
American policy toward the feeding of German civilians and toward the alloca
tion of coal exports from Germany, while it would ease the difficult task of the
four occupying authorities, could largely be at the expense of the liberated areas.
We are, however, constructively preparing for the second stage in German
economic policy, which should begin some time next spring.
In this second stage, it is envisaged that Germany will gradually recover.
Simultaneously with the removal of plants under reparation, plants will be ear
marked for retention; and as fuel and raw materials become available, German
industry which is permitted to remain will be gradually reactivated and the
broken transport system revived. Although coal exports from Germany will
continue, the probable expansion in coal output should permit larger allocations
in coal to the German economy, after the end of the winter. German industrial
production will then increase and German exports should begin to approach a
level where they can finance necessary imports and gradually repay the occupying
forces for their outlays in the present emergency period.
The third stage of economic development will follow after the period of repa
ration removals, which under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration must be com
pleted by February 2, 1948. The resources left to Germany at that time will be
available to promote improvement of the German standard of living to a level
equal to that of the rest of continental Europe other than the Soviet Union and
the United Kingdom. Housing and transport will recover more rapidly than
APPENDIX
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1
'II
I
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217
in the previous stages of economic development. In general, the German people
will during this period recover control over their economy subject to such re
sidual limitations as the occupying'powers decide to impose. These limitations,
which will be determined by agreement among the occupying powers, should,
in the opinion of this Government, be designed solely to prevent German re
armament and not to restrict or reduce the German standard of living.
In all these stages it must be borne in mind that the present occupying powers,
as well as many other nations, have suffered severely from German aggression,
have played a large role in the German defeat and have an enduring interes~ in
the postwar settlement of Germany. The settlement agreed at Potsdam requires
thi shifting of boundaries in the East and the movement of several million
. Germans from other countries. That settlement also requires, in the interests
of European rehabilitation and security, the removal from Germany of a large
part of the industrial warmaking capacity which never served the German
civilian, but which, from 1933 on, served to prepare for war and to make war.
In the words of the Potsdam Declaration:
"It is not the intention of the Allies to destroy or enslave the German people.
It is the intention of the Allies that the German people be given the opportunity
to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and
peaceful basis. If their own efforts are steadily directed to this end, it will be
possible for them in due cOurse to take their place among the free and peaceful
peoples of the world."
B. STATE DEPARTMENT STATEMENT ON REPARATIONS SETI'LEMENT
AND PEACETIME ECONOMY OF GERMANY
. (1) The determination of the amount and character of industrial capital
equipment unnecessary for the German peacetime economy whjch is to be made
by the Allied Control Council prior to February 2, 1946, has the limited pur
poses of eliminating the existing German war potential and deciding the volume
of available reparation from the three western zones of occupation.
(a) The task of the Allied Control Council is to eliminate German industrial
capacity to produce finished arms, ammunition, implements of war, aircraft and
sea-going ships, either by removing such capacity as reparation or by .destroying
it, and to effectuate a drastic reduction in the capacities of the metallurgical,
machinery and chemical 2 industries. The present determination, however, is
not designed to impose permanent limitations on the German economy. The
volume of permitted inaustrial production of a peacetime character will be
subject to constant review after February 2, 1946; and final Allied decisions
regarding restrictions to be maintained on German industrial capacity and pro·
duction will not be made until the framing of the peace settlement with Germariy.
(b) While reparation removals will undoubtedly retard Germany's economic
recovery, the United States intends, ultimately, in cooperation with its Allies,
to permit the German people under a peaceful democratic government of their
IThe phrases "machine industry" and "machine· manufacturing industry" in the Berlin
Declaration should be interpreted broadly. The parallel language from ].C.S. 1067
covers machine·tool, automotive, and radio and electrical industries. It is suggested that
the phrases should be interpreted to cover "metal-working industry," or, in British
terminology, . heavy and light engineering. The words "chemical industry" should be
interpreted to include particularly that part of the industry which is devoted, or can be
readily converted, to war production, and to exclude potash ·and salt industries, which
should be included with extractivl' ;nrl,,<t.,...
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218
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
own choice to develop their own resources and to work toward a higher standard
of living subject on1y to such restrictions designed to prevent production of
armaments as may be laid down in the peace settlement.
(2) It is in the interest of the United States to abide strictly by the terms of
the Berlin Declaration which imposes a severe reparation obligation on Germany
. .
in order to:
(a) weaken effectively the economic base from which war industry could be
derived until a peaceful democratic Government is firmly established in
Germany;
(b) provide material assistance to United Nations countries which have
suffered from Nazi aggression and which now face tasks of rehabilitation and
.
reconstruction from the damage of war;
(c) insure that, in the recovery from economic chaos left by war in Europe,
the aggressor nation, Germany, shall not reconstitute a peacetime· standard of
living at an earlier date than the countries ravaged by German arms.
(3) The security interest of the United States and its Allies requires the de
struction in Germany of such industrial capital equipment as cannot be removed
as reparation and as can only be used for the production of armaments or of
metallurgical, machinery or chemical products in excess of the peacetime needs
of the German economy. It is not, however, the intention of the United States
wantonly to destroy German structures and installations which can readily be
used for permitted peacetime industrial activities or for temporary shelter. It
will evidently be necessary to destroy specialized installations and structures used
in shipbuilding, -aircraft, armaments, explosives and certain chemicals which
cannot be removed as reparation. Non-specialized installations and structures
in the same fields may have to be destroyed in substantial part, if not desired as
reparation, in cases of integrated industrial complexes the layout of which is
such as substantially to facilitate reconversion from peacetime to war. purposes
at some later date. Finally, in removing equipment rrom plants declared avail
able for reparation,· no consideration should be given to withholding portions
of the equipment desired by a reparation recipient in order to retain remaining
installations and structures in more effective condition for peacetime uses.
Within these limits, however, the reparation and security policies of the United
States are not· designed to result in punitive destruction of capital equipment
of value to the German peacetime economy.
.
( 4) For the purpose of determining the industrial capacity of the peacetime
German economy, thus eliminating its war potential-the real basis on which
the amount and character of reparation removals are to be calculated-it should
be assumed that the geographical limits of Germany are those in conformity
with provisions of the Berlin Declaration, i.e., those of the Altreich less the
territory east of .the Oder-Neisse line.
(5) The Berlin Declaration furnishes as a guide to removals of industrial
equipment as reparation the concept of a balanced peacetime German economy
capable of providing the German people with a standard of living not in excess
of the European average (excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics). In the view of the Department of State the Berlin
Declaration is not intended to force a reduction in German living standards
except as such reduction is required to enable Germany to meet her reparation
payments. In effect, the Berlin Declaration merely provides that Germany's
obligation to make reparation for the war damage which her aggression caused
-
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APPENDIX
219
to other countries should not be reduced in order to enable Germany to main
tain a standard of living above the European average. The Department of State
further interprets the standard-of-living criterion to refer to the year imme
diately following the two-year period of reparation removals. For the purpose
of meeting this requirement, German industrial capacity after reparation re
movals should be physically capable of producing a standard of living equivalent
to the European average in, say, 1948. Given the difficult problems of ad
ministration and economic organization which the German peacetime economy
will still face in 1948, it may be doubted that industrial equipment remaining
in Germany at that time will in fact produce at full capacity, so that the standard
of living realized in Germ!IDy is likely for some time to fall short of the
European average.
(6) It may be assumed that the European standard of living in 1948 would
approximate the average standard of living Over the period 1930-38. If this
assumption be adopted, the German standard of living chosen as a basis for esti
mating the industrial capital equipment to remain in Germany could be arrived
at by use of German consumption data in a year in which the German standard
of living, as measured by national income indices, most closely approximated
the 1930-38 average in Europe. The German consumption standard in the year
selected should be subject to adjustments upwards or downwards to compensate
for any over-all difference between the German standard in the year selected
and the European average. Past consumption records defined as suggested above
are meant only as a general guide. They would require the following further
adjustments :
(a) Provision for change in population between year selected and 1948.
(b) Adjustment to allow for notable deviations in pattern of German con
sumption in selected year from normal pattern.
.
(c) Allowance to enable the German people to make good, at reasonable
rates of reconstruction, the wide-spread damage to buildings in Germany, and
to the transport system as scaled down to meet the requirements of the German
peacetime economy. It is suggested that sufficient additional resources beyond
those required to provide the adjusted output of the selected year should be
left to overcome the building shortage in twenty years and to effect repairs to
structures on rail and road transport systems over five years.
(d) Sufficient resources should be left to Germany to enable that country,
after completion of industrial removals and reactivation of remaining resources,
to exist without external assistance. This topic is more fully treated below.
(7) In planning the peacetime German economy, the interests of the United
States are confined to the industrial disarmament of Germany and to the pro
vision of a balanced economic position at the standard of living indicated. The
United States does not seek to eliminate or weaken German industries of a _
peaceful character, in which Germany has produced effectively for world markets,
for the purpose of protecting American markets from German goods, aiding
American exports, or for any other selfish advantage. Similarly the United
States is opposed to the attempt of any other country to use the industrial dis
armament plan of the Berlin Declaration to its own commercial ends at the
expense of a peacetime German economy. It is our desire to see Germany's
economy geared to a world system and not an autarchical system.
(8) In determining the volume of removals for reparation purposes, the
United States should not approve removals on such a scale that Germanv wn"ltl
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
be unable, owing to a shortage of capital equipment, to export goods in sufficient
many would still require United Nations aid in financing and possibly in pay
ing for minimum imports necessary to prevent disease and unrest, Even after
substantial capital removals have been completed, it is doubtful that the German
economy can operate for some time up to the limits of remaining industrial
capacity, due to the limited aVailability of fuel, food, raw materials, and the
slow progress which can be made in filling the gap left by the Nazis in the
economic and political organization of Germany. It is rossible, and even likely,
that the physical transport of reparation removals wi! limit transport capacity
available for recovery of the German economy and for the expansion of exports.
It is in this respect only, however, that the reparation poliq laid down in the
Berlin Declaration may require the United Nations to finance German imports
for a longer period, or to pay for them in greater degree, than if no provision
for reparation from Germany had been made.
(10) During the next two years the United States and other occupying powers
must finance minimum essential imports into Germany to the extent that ex
ports from stocks and current·production do not suffice to cover the cost of such
imports. Since the Berlin Declaration makes no provision with respect to the
German standard of living in the period of occupation, the occupymg powers
are not obliged to provide imports sufficient for the attainment in Germany of
a standard of living equal to the European average. The present standard of
supply in Germany, so far as the United States is concerned, is still governed
by the "disease and unrest" formula. Under the conditions set forth in para
graph 9, it will prove desirable to extend tl1e type and volume of imports into
Germany not only because of our interest in avoiding disease and unrest en
dangering our occupying forces but also because of our interest in reactivating
selected German export industries which would yield a volume of foreign ex
change, and as far as possible to repay the past outlays of the occupying powers
on imports. If, when the time comes for the conclusion of a peace treaty with
Germany, there remains a backlog of unpaid imports, the occupying powers
will have to decide. whether or not to impose on Germany an obligation to pay
off the accumulated deficit.
(11) For the immediate (uture, and certainly until next spring, military
government authorities should concentrate on the repair of transport, emergenq
repair of housing and essential utilities, and the maximization of coal and agri
cultural production. Some coal will of course be required in Germany to effect
the minimum repairs of transport, housing, and utilities cal1e,d for in existing
directives. As long as coal and raw materials remain in short supply in Europe,
however, it is United States policy to make them available in maximum quanti
ties for the revival of industrial output in liberated areas.
The maximization of coal exports in accordance with existing directives will
make it impossible to allocate within Germany coal sufficient to attain a sig
nificant volume of industrial production and over the coming winter it will
limit activity even in fields directly related to repair of transport, housing and
utilities and to agriculture.
If and when the coal crisis in Europe is surmounted-perhaps by next spring
-it will be possible to review the situation and ascertain whether larger amounts
of German coal can be allocated for essential industrial productiori in Germany,
and in particular for the selective reactivation of German export industries. The
possibilities in this direction will depend not only on the satisfaction of coal
requirements in liberated areas, but alsoon the suCt-e~~ nf 1"';1;." ...... " ..-.,~._~"_L
220
quantities to pay for essential imports. Thus capacity should be left to enable
Germany to produce for export goods which yield enough foreign exchange
to pay for the imports required for a standard of living equal to the average in
l1urope, excluding the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist
. Republics. In this connection, the following points should be stressed:
. (a) In determining the amount of ca~ital equipment to be retained in Ger
many, provision need be made for capaCIty to produce exports sufficient to pay
for estimated current imports. No allowance should be made in German export
industry to provide capacity to pay for externally incurred occupation costs,
including imports of goods consumed by forces of occupation, and troop pay
not expended in Germany.
(b) The provision in the Berlin Declaration which stipulates that in or
ganizing the German economy "primary emphasis shall be given to the deVelop
ment of agricultural and peaceful domestic industries" requires that the maxi
mum possible provision be made for eXports from sources other than the metal,
machinery, and chemical industries. .
.
(C;) It is implicitly recognized in the Berlin Declaration that the poliq of
industrial capital equipment removals and the restriction of exports in the fields
of metals, machinery and chemicals will require countries which have. previously
depended on Germany as a source of these products to obtain them elsewhere.
Since capacity in the metal, machinery and chemical industries in excess of
German peacetime needs is to be transferred to countries entitled to receive
reparation from Germany, it is expected that the industrial capacity lost in
Germany will after an interval be rf>!=overed in large part elsewhere in the
world, and for the most part in Europe. But it should be borne in mind that
the industry removed from Germany will in the main replace industry destroyed
by the Germans and will not be sufficient to meet the prewar demand. It should
be emphasized, however, that any effort toward industrial recovery iri Germany
must not be permitted to retard reconstruction in European countries which
have suffered from German aggression.
(d) In determining the amount of capacity required to strike an export
import balance, the United States and other occupying powers cannot in fact
guarantee that the export.import balance will be achieved. Their responsibility
is only to provide reasonable opportunity for the attainment of balance at the
agreed minimum level of standard of living. In fixing the amount of industrial
. capacity necessary for export, the provision of margins of safety is unnecessary
if Germany's export potential is estimated on a reasonable basis. It should be
noted that, if resources are left to enable Germany to make good her war damage
and depreciation in housing and transport over certain numbers of years as
suggested in paragraph , (d), extension of the period in which such deficits
are liquidated would in case of need make some additional capacity available
for production of export goods.
(9) The necessity which devolves upon the United States and other occupy
ing powers to finance imports into Germany and possibly to pay for such im·
ports in the next few years does not arise in the first instance from the poliq
of reparation removals agreed upon at Potsdam. The German economy was
brought virtually to a standstill by Germany's defeat, which produced an almost
complete breakdowri of transport, economic organization, administration, and
direction. If no removals of industrial capital equipment were attempted, Ger·
!
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221
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
authorities in raising German coal output and restoring the German transport
system.
.
Meanwhile, military government authorities should survey the fuel and raw
material requirements of German industries capable of, supplying essential civil
ian goods and of manufacturing for export so that, as soon as coal and raw
materials can be made available, a program for selective reactivation of remain
ing industrial capacity in Germany can get underway. In formulating this pro
. gram, attempt must be made to give priority to industries which in relation to
expenditures of fuel and raw materials will contribute most toward striking an
ultimate export. import balance in Germany, as well as to the satisfaction of
the most pressing internal requirements of the German economy.
. (12) The role of the occupying authorities in the process of German revival
should, in general. be that of providing and setting the conditions within which
the Germans themselves assume responsibility for the performance of the Ger·
man economy. To this end, the occupying authorities should devote primary
attention in planning revival to the development of German admimstrative
machinery. not only in the fields of intrazonal production and trade but in
interzonal and international trade. and in the application of common policies
in transport. agriculture, banking, currency, taxation, etc.
As one aspect of this process. denazification should be satisfactorily completed
during the present periOd. For the rest, great importance attaches to the con
clusion within the Allied Control Council of agreements governing Eolicies to
be followed in various aspects of the German economy enumerated ana devising
interzonal German machmery for their application.
II. Functions
A. The functions of the Far Eastern Commission shall be:
1. To formulate the policies, principles, and standards in conformity with
which the fulfillment by Japan of its obligations under the Terms of Surren
der may be accomplished.
2. To review, on the request of any member. any directive issued to the
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or any action taken by the Supreme
Commander involving policy decisions within the jurisdiction of the Com
mission.
~. To consider such other matters as may be assigned to it by agreement
among the participating Governments reached in accordance with the voting
procedure provided for in Article V-2 hereunder.
B. The Commission shall not make recommendations with regard to the con·
duct of military operations nor with regard to territorial adjustments.
C. The Commission in its activities will proceed from the fact that there has
been formed an Allied Council for Japan and will respect existing control
machinery in Japan, including the chain of command· from the United States
Government to the Supreme Commander and the Supreme Commander's. com·
mand of occupation forces.
222
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•
. MOSCOW COMMUNIQUE OF DECEMBER 27. 1945 1
At the meeting which took place in Moscow from December 16 to December
26. 194~ of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, the United States of America and the United Kingdom, agreement
was reached on the following questions:
.
11
FAR EASTERN COMMISSION AND ALLIED COUNCIL FOR JAPAN
A. FAR EASTERN COMMISSION
Agreement was reached, with the concurrence of China. for the establishp::tent
of a Far Eastern Commission to take the place of the Far Eastern Advisory
Commission. The Terms of Reference for the Far Eastern Commission are as
follows:
I. Establishment of the Commission
A Far Eastern Commission is hereby established composed of the representa·
tives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States,
China. France, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India. and the
Philippine Commonwealth.
'Only Sections II and III are reprinted here. For full
BMlletin, Vol. XlII (1945), pp. 1027-!2.
tat
see Department of State,
III. Functions of the United StateJ Government
1: The ~~ited States Gover1l;ID7nt shall prepare dire~ves in accor~ance with
pobcy dec1s1ons of the COmmIssion and shall tranS1D1t them to the Supreme
Commander through the appropriate United States Government agency. .The
Supreme Commander shall be charged with the implementation of the directives
which express the policy decisions of the Commission.
2. If the Commission decides that any directive or action reviewed in accord·
ance with Article II·A-2 should be modified, its decision shall be regarded as
a policy decision.
.
~. The United States Government may issue interim directives to the Supreme
Commander pending action by. the .Commission whenever urgent matters arise
not covered by policies already formulated by the Commission; provided that
any directives dealing with fundamental changes in the Japanese constitutional
structure or in the regime of control, or dealing with a change in the Japanese
Government as a whole will be issued only following consultation and following
the attainment of agreement in the Far Eastern Commission.
4. All directives issued shall be filed with the Commission.
IV. Other MethoJJ of Consultation
The establishment of the Commission shall not preclude the use of other
methods of consultation on Far Eastern issues by the participating Governments.
V. Composition
1. The Far Eastern Commission shall consist of one representative of each of
the States party to this agreement. The membership of the Commission may
be increased by agreement among the participating Powers as conditions warrant
by the addition of representatives of other llnited Nations in the Far East or
having territories therein. The Commission shall provide for full and adequate
consultations, as occasion may require, with representatives of th~ TJn;"'~ l\T~~:,,-.
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228
Functions of Allied Kommandatura Berlin
Proposed 27 November 1945 and approved by
the Allied Coordinating Committee 21 De
cember 1945.
The Inter-Allied Kommandatura Berlin cons.ti tuted by Articles 3 and 7,
European Advisory Commission Basic Agreement on Control Machinery for Germany,
·14 Nov. 1944 as amended 1 May 1945 will operate under the following general
direc.tives:
1. The Inter-Allied.Kommandatura is responsible to the Control Council of
the Allied Control Authority for the administration of Greater Berlin.
2. The Coordinating Committee will issue direct to the Kommandatura all
orders and resolutions which in the opinion of the Control Authority are applica
ble to and will be executed in Greater Berlin.
.
3. All orders and resolutions of the Control Authority received through the
Coordinating Committee will be implemented uniform~y in all sectors of Berlin
through the Allied Kommandatura.
4. Questions considered by the Allied Kommandatura Berlin (It which unanimous
agreement cannot be reached will at the request of any dissenting party be sub
mitted to the Coordinating Committee of the Allied Control Authority for decision.
;.
,
5. DELETED
6. Prior to being placed into effect, matters introduced unilaterally in
of MilitarY,Government of a particular sector in Berlin
may be submitted to the Allied Kommandatura Berlin for possible application to
all sectors.
volvingadministratio~
7. The Inter-Allied Kommandatura Berlin has authority subject to these in
structions to prescribe its own rules of procedure.
,
.
qY6. '
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224
2
CONSTITUTION OF BERLIN
Approved by Allied Coordinating Committee
3 August 1946
To provide for the situation arising after the collapse of the national
socialist regime, and the occupation by the Allied Powers, and in continuation of
the constitutional right, according to the City Statutes of 30 May 1853, to the
Law on the formation of a new MunieJpallt:r of Berlin of 27 April 1920, and the Law
on the preliminary regulation of various problems of, the municipal constitutional
right of t~e City of Berlin of 30 March 1931, Berlin receives th.e following:
CON S TIT UTI 0 N
Chapter I:
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
(1) Greater Berlin is the exclusively established Public Territorial Corporation
for the Territory of the Municipality of Berlin.
(2) Greater Berlin has to fulfil all the public duties in its district in
ance with th~s .Constitution.
(3) Greater Berlin bears the Arms and Flag with the Bear.
will be .laid down in a special order.
accor~
Particulars hereof
Article 2
(1) The whole of the German citizens of Greater Berlin express their will through
their elected representative bodies.
(2) All citizens of Greater Berlin are, within the framework of the effective
laws, of equal status independent of Race, Sex, Confession and extent of
property owned.
(3) The representative bodies. are the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and the Magis
trat.
Article 3
(1) The Stadtverordnetenversammlung is constituted on ground of general, equal,
direct, and secret election by the inhabitants of Berlin, who are entitled
to vote according to the principles of proportional r9presentation.
(2) The Members of the Magistrat will be -elected by the Stadtverordnetenversammlung
for the period of the election term.' All political parties composing the
Stadtverordnetenversammlung must be represented in the Magistrat if such
parties demand it. The Members of the Magistrat must also be competent to
fulfil their duties.
(3) The elected Members will remain in office· until the newly elected representa
tives and members of the Magistrat have been obligated~
(4) The election of the Members of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and
for this election will be given in the election regulations.
deta~ls
�225
Chapter II:
(
THE STADTVERORDNETENVERSAMMLUNG
Article 4
The,Stadtverordnetenversammlung consists of 130 members (stadtverordnete).
They will be elected for two years.
Article 5
The Stadtverordnetenversammlung has the following duties:
(1) The election of the members of the Magistrat.
(2) The resolution on
(i) the Constitution of Berlin and ita alterations,
(ii) all legal regulations (Verordnungen and Satzungen),
(iii) the settlement of the Budget, grants, and reimbursements for extraordinary
expenditures,
(iv) the determination of the taxes,
(v) the discharge of the Annual Accounts after checking audit,
(vi) ,the taking up of loans,
(vii) the establishment of new, and the closing down of obsolete or unprofitable
institutions and establishments,
(vi11) the partiCipation in new undertakings working as institutions of private
or public right,
(ix) best()wing and renouncing the Freedom of the City.
(3) The
supervision of the execution of the Legal regulations resolved by the
representatives as well as of the entire administration.
Article 6
(1) Within two weeks after the publication of the final result of the elections
to the Stadtverordnetenversammlung the Magistrat must summon those elected
for the purpose of constituting the Stadtverordnetenversammlung, and to
obligate them by handclasp at the beginning of' the first meeting to consci
entiously fulfil their duties.
(2) In the first meeting the Stadtverordnetenversammlung elects from their midst
for their term of office the Managing Committee, consisting of a Chairman and
a secretary, and their deputies.
(3) The Stadtv'erordnetenversammlung is, to be summoned at least once a month."
The
meeting has to be called by the Chairman, with notice of the subjects to be
discussed. Notice must be given at least two clear days before the me'eting
direct to every representative.
Extraordinary meetings of the Stadtverordrietenversammlung may be 'convened
also by
(i) the Chairman
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(ii) on demand of at least one fourth of the members, or
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�(iii) on demand of the Magistrat,
and~ except in cases of utmost urgency, warning must also be given at least
two clear days before the meeting direct to each of the members, with notice
of the subject to be discussed.
(4) On deliberation and voting on subjects touching the special private interests
of a representative, this representative may not be present. His opinion can
be expressed in writIng, and must be heard.
(5) Should a member lose his right to vote, he will be excluded from the Stadt
.verordnetenversammlung, and will lose his rights as' a member of this body.
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(6) The Stadtverordnetenversammlung establishes its own order or procedure regu
lations •.
Article 7
(1) The sittings of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung are public. On application
of the Magistrat or the Chairman or of a fifth of the representatives,' the
public may be excluded in the case of certain matters. A resolution on this
point is passed in a secret sitting.
(2) The Stadtverordnetenversammlung can establish committees in order to discuss
certain general as well as individual problems. These elect from their midst
. a Chairman and a secretary for summoning meetings and presiding at these.
(3) The
Stadtverordnetenversammlung and its committees are competent to pass reso
lutions if at least one half of the members are present. The resolutions are,
if not otherwise stipulated, passed with simple majority. In caSe of equal
votes, the casting vote of the Chairman will decide. Resolutions upon alter
ations of the Constitution require a majority of two thirds.
(4) Minutes are to be kept of the meetings.
motions, as
passed, are
well as the
presided at
These have to contain the discussed
well as the manner and result of the voting. Resolutions, as
to be entered in a special book. The Minutes of the meeting, as
entry of the resolutions are to be sig~ed by the Chairman who
the meeting, and by the secretary.
Arttcle 8
The members of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung have the right of traveling
free of charge on ·the public means of transportation within Berlin, and to
receive a remuneration for each sitting and compensation for the loss of
earnings accruing owing to the sitting.
Chapter III:
THE MAGISTRAT
Article 9
(1) The Magistrat consists of the Oberbuergermeister,.three Buergermeisters, and
a maximum of sixteen additional full time, salaried, members.
(2) The members of the Magistrat take an oath in the presence of the Stadtver
o~dnetenversammlung on taking up office, that they will impartially discharge
their duties for the good of the commUnity and in accordance with the law.
If a member of the Magistrat breaks his oath or shows himself as completely
unsuited for his office, he may be relieved of it, following upon a hearing
before a Committee specially called by the Stadtverordnetenversammlung for
this purpose~ A decision to dismiss requires a two-thirds majority of the
members of the Stadtverordnetenversammlung.
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Article 10
(1) The Magistrat is to be invited to all sittings of the Stadtverordnetenver
sammlung, and of its committees, w~th notice of the Agenda.
(2) The Stadtverordnetenversammlung can demand the participation of a certain
member of the Magistrat for the purpose of giving a report to the sitting.
The members of the Magistrat are allowed at any time during the discussion
to express their opinion.
(3) The Magistrat is to be informed of all resolutions of the Stadtverordneten
versammlung.
Article 11
(1) The Magistrat is the supreme, guiding, and executive organ of Greater Berlin,
and represents Greater.Berl1n externally. 'Phe MagiStrat is entirely responsi
ble to the Stadtverordnetenversamm1ung, and subordinate to its instructions.
The Magistrat issues Ordinances and statutes on the basis of, and for the
purpose of the execution of the existing legislative provisions which have
been adopted by the Allied Kommandatura and the Stadtverordnetenversammlung.
The Magistrat supervises the execution of these legislative provisions and
ordinances.
The ordinances and directions of the Magistrat will be executed throughout
the whole area of Greater Berlin.
'Upon a two-thirds vote of the total membership of the Stadtverordnetenver
sammlung, a resolution may be forwarded to the Allied Kommandatura requesting
dismissal of the Magistrat and stating reasons. If the Allied Kommandatura .
agrees~ the Magistrat must immediately resign.
(2) The Magistrat is authorized to bring up questions for the agenda of the
Stadtverordnetenversammlung meetIngs, and to prepare proposals in an appro
priate form for discussion at these meetings.
(3) The Magistrat decides on the directives according to which tne public tasks
are to be carried through, and supervises the Bezirksaemter.
(4) The Magistrat appoints, transfers, and dismisses all persons in the service
of Greater Berlin, and supervises management, unless a member of the Magistrat,
or the Bezirksamt, or a member of the latter has been charged therewith.
(5) The Magistrat takes its decisions by simple majority of votes. In the case
of equal1ty of votes the casting vote of the Chairman will decide. The
Magistrat is able to take decisions, it more than one half of its members
are present.
{6} While deliberating and voting on subjects touching the private interest of a
member of the Magistrat, this member may not be present. His written explana
tion must be heard.
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(7) The Magistrat draws up its own order' of procedure •.
Article 12
(1) TheOberbuergermelster is the Chairman of the Magistrat. He represents the
Magistrat externally, conducts the sessions of the Magistrat, and directs the
service supervision of the remaining members of the Magistrat.
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(2) The three'Buergermeisters are the permanent deputies of the Oberbuergermeister.
(3) The Oberbuergermeister, or, in case of his incapacity, his Deputy, can tempo
rarily act on his own initiative in cases belonging to the Magistrat's com
petency, which admit of no delay. The matter must be laid before the Magis
trat at its next seasion for confirmation by way of resolution, or in cases
of particular importance, at an extraordinary meeting. These decisions must
not contradict the constitution and the principles of democracy.
(4) The Magistrat, as leading pnd executive authority, conducts its business
through departments, the number of which must not exceed 18. Each department
has at its head a member of the Magistrat.
(5) Each Member of the Magistrat performs independently, on its ownresponsibllity,
and in accordance with the directives obtEl,ined in Article 11, the duties en
trusted to him by the representative bodies (Vertretungskoerper).
Article 13
The'resolutions of the representative bodies (Vertretungskoerper) (Article 5
(2) and Article 11, para. 1) are binding for the District bodies only, i f
they have been passed by the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and Magistrat in
agreement. Where agreement is not reached, a joint discussion between the
Magistrat and the Stadtverordnetenversammlung is held, with the obj~ct of
reaching an agreement. If an agreement is not attained through this joint
discussion, the Stadtverordnetenversammlung will decide with a two-thirds
majority of its members.
Chapter IV:
THE BEZIRKSVERORDNETENVERSAMMLUNG
Article 14
(1) For the purpose of local administration, Greater Berlin is divided into
twenty Verwaltungsbezirks (Administrative Districts).
(2) In each Verwaltungsbezirk, a Bezirksverordnetenversammlung (District Council),
and a Bezirksamt (District Office) will be formed to look atter local inter
ests, and to carryon the work of the Bezirk.
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(3) Upon a unanimous resolution of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, and the
Bezirksamt, an Administrative District can be divided into Ortsbezirke (Local,
Districts) •
Article 15
(1) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung is established on the basis of Q. general,
equal, direct, and secret election, by all persons entitled to vote, living
in the Administrative District, according to the principles of proportional
representation, and ror the maximum period of two years.
(2) For the Administrative Districts of up to 100,000 inhabitants, 30 District,
Representatives, for those of 100,000 up to 200,000 inhabitants, 40 District
Representatives, and for those of 200,000 and more inhabitants, 45 District
Representatives are to be elected.
(3) The elections of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung and the elections of the
Stadtverordnetenversamrnlung take place on the same day. The elections of the
',Members of the Bezirksverordnetenversamrnlung and details for these elections
will be given in ,the election regulations.
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Article 16
(1) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung is to resolve on all affairs concerning the
District, within the limits of the directives issued by the Stadtverordneten
versammlung, and the Magistrat.
(2) The Be zirksverordnetenvers ammlung elects the members of the Bezirksamt accord
ing to the stipulations valid for the election of the Magistrat.
(3) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung annually prepares a survey on the require
ments of the ~s,tablishments and institutions administered by the district, as
well as of the other District Administrations; ,this survey serves as a basis
for the total Budget.
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(4) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung supervises th~ execution of lts ,resolutions,
and the utilization of the means which are placed at the disposal of the
local establishments and institutions of the Administrative District.
Article 17
(1 )
Within a period of two weeks after the publication of the final result of the
election of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, the Bezirksamt, in order to
create the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung must summon the elected members and,
at the beginning of the first meeting, must obligate the members by hand.
clasp to perform conscientiously their duties!
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(2) During its first meeting, the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung elects trom its
midst the managing Committee, composed of a Chairman, a secretary, and their
Deputies, who preside for the period of the election term.
(3) 'The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung must be convened once a month. The convo
cation must be made by the Chairman, with notice of the Agenda. The notice
must b.e transmitted to each District Representative at least 2 whole days be
fore the day of the meeting.
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Extraordinary meetings of the
Bezirksv~rordnetenversammlung
may be convened.
(i) on the part of the Chairman,
(11) on demand of at least 1/4 ot the District Representatives, 'or
(iii) on demand of the Bezirksamt.
Apart from cases of the utmost urgency, the notice must enumerate the questions
to be discussed, and must be transmltted to each District Representative at
least 2 clear days. before the day of the meeting.
(4) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung meets in public. On the application of the
Bezirksamt, or the Chairman, or a fifth of the Representatives, the public
may be. excluded in the case of certain matters. The resolution on this is
passed in a secret sitting.
The members of the Magistrat may take part in the meetings of the Bezirks
verordnetenversammlung. The members of the Bezirksamt are to be invited,
with notice of the agenda, to take part in all meetings of the Bezirksver
ordnetenversammlung and its Committees.
The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung can demand the presence of a certain member
of the Bezirksamt as reporter. The members of the Magistrat and the Bezirks
amt must be heard at any time during the deliber.ation.
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(5) While deliberating and voting on subjects touching the special private
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interest of a member of'the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, this mentbermay
not be present. His written declaration must, however, be heard.
(6) .Ifa member of the Bezirksverordnetenverswmm1ung loses his right to vote, he
will be excluded from the Bezirksverordnetenversamm1ung and lose his rights
due to him as a member.
(7) The Bezirksamt must be informed on all resolutions of the Bezirksverordneten
versammlung.
(8) The Members of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung have the right of traveling
free of charge on the public means of transportation within Berlin, and they
receive a remuneration for each sitting, and compensation for the loss of
earnings accruing owing to the sittings.
(9) The Bezirksverordnetenversammlung draws up its own order of procedure.
Chapter V:
THE BEZIRKSAMT
Article 18
(1 )
The Bezirksamt consists of the District Buergermeister as Chairman, one
Deputy, and not more than 9 salaried official members.
(2 ) Every Bezirksamt member conducts independently, and under personal responsi
bility, the duties transferred to him by the election of the Bezirksverord
netenversamm1ung and according to the directives given in Article 11.
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(3) The
members of the Bezlrksamt take an oath before the Bezirksverordneten
versammlung on entering .their office, that they will fulfil their duties un
biased, for the welfare of all, and in accordance with the law. If a member
of the Bezirksamt breaks his oath, or shows himself as completely unsuited
for his· office, he may be relieved of it, following upon a hearing before a
Conunittee specla11y called by the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung for this pur
pose •. A decision to dismiss requires a two-thirds majority of the Bezirks
verordnetenversammlung.
(4) Upon a two-thirds vote of the total membership of Bezirksverordnetenversanun
lung a reso1ution·may be forwarded to'the Military Conunandant of the Sector
requesting dismissal of the Bezirksamt and stating reasons. If the Military
Commandant of the Sector agrees, the Bezirksamt must immediately resign.
Article 19
(1) The Bezirksamt is the executive subordinate authority in the affairs of the
Administrative DIstrict. The Bezirksamt is absolutely responsible to the
Bezirksverordnetenversammlung.
(2) The Bezirksamt is also the executive organ of the Magistrat, and its duty is
to fulfil the directives of the Magistrat. It is under the supervision of
the Magistrat.
(3) The Bez1rksamt has to
i execute the resolutions of the Bezirksverordnetenversanun1ung,
11 administer the institutions and establishments of the District,
\ iii engage, transfer, and dismiss all persons who are in the serv1ce of the
. Administration of the District,
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iv act as lntermediary between the Bezirksverordnetenversanun1ung and the
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representative bodies of Greater Berlin,
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(4) In other respects the provisions of Article 11 (5) and (6) are decisive.
Representatives of the Magistrat must be heard at any time during the dis
cussion of the Bezirksamt.
(5) The Bezirksbuergermeister is under the supervision of the Oberbuergermeister,
and t~e other Bezirksamt members are under the supervision of the Bezirks
buergermeister.
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Chapter VI:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANS OF THE CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION,
AND THE BEZIRKS ADMINISTRATIONS
'Article 20
(1) The competency of the Local Administr~tion, in the Administrative Districts,
in relation to the Central Admihistration is to be regulated in the Main
Statutes. In these, the sphere of affairs to be managed by the Centr.al Ad
ministration is to be designated. All other administration affairs are to
be attended to by the Administrative Districts.
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(2) The spheres of work are to be stated in such 'form that
(i) affairs which require uniform administration on account of their im
portance for.the whole of Berlin, are left to the management of the
Central Administration of the Magistrat;
(11) all other affairs concerning the District itself are to be managed by
the Bezirksamt, and the Bezirksamt must be allowed discretion in
managing these affairs.
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(3) The spheres of the duties of the Districts may be different in the various
Districts.
Article 21
The chief Statutes will regulate the Meetings and powers of th'e Buerger
meisters l Council and define the methods considered necessary for the co
operation of the local and central Administrations. The chief Statutes have
to be submitted to the Allied Kommandatura for approval.
Article 22
It is the privilege of the Magistrat in all. cases, to prevent the execution
of resolutions of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, and the Bezirksamt, if
the interests of the Community make it necessary, or if the resolutions of
the Bezirks 'authorities exceed their competence, or violate the law. In the
resolutions of the Magistratpreventing the execution of Bezirksverordneten
versammlung and Bezirksamt resolutions, the grounds for the objection must be
given.
Article. 23
(1) If no agreement is reached in the case of Article 22, every Corporation con
cerned may apply for a decision, within 2 weeks, from the date of the an
nouncement of the objection.
(2) This decision will be" made by a Committee appointed 'by the Stadtverordneten
versammlung.
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Chapter
vn:
BUDGET AND FINANCE
. Article 24
(1) The property of the territorial corporation is to be administered economically
and carefully. It is to be maintained out of the means of the regular budget.
(2) To provide for articles needing replacement, because they are too old, or
have been worn out, or otherwise have depreciated in value, or because of in
creased requirements due to increasing demand, funds must be placed in res.erve
out of the ordinary Budget (Renewal and Extension Reserve).
Article 25
(1) Public Undertakings must show a profit.
(2) statutes must be framed for undertakings without legal representation (City
owned undertakings).
(3) Budget management, administration of property, and the accounting for .each
undertaking must be effected in a manner permitting specific inquiry into
their administration and financial results.
Article 26
(1) Loans (annuities, bonds, and other credits, except cash credits) may only be
raised within the extraordinary budget plan.
(2) Loans may be taken up only for covering extraordinary and indisputable de
mands so far' as other means for covering these demands are not available.
(3) For each loan a redemption scheme must be set up. Loans which serve to
satisfy recurriug demands are to be redeemed before these arise anew.
Article 27
(1) The entire income and expenditure of Greater Berlin are to be calculated for
each fiscal year, and inserted in the budget plan. The budget plan is the
basis for administering all revenues and expenses. As a rule, the expenses
are sanctioned for one year.
(2') In calculating the budget plan for Greater Berlin, special plans are to be
made for the demands of the various Districts. For carrying them through,
due discretion is left to each district.
(3) If by the end of the fiscal year the budget plan for the next year has not
yet been compiled, up to the time of application the Magistrat authorized to
pay all expenses ,necessary, for maintaining legally based institutions, to
enforce measures which are taken on a legal basis, to fulfil all legally
valid obligations of Greater Berlin, and to proceed with work on buildings,.
supply, and other services for which in the budget plan of the preceding
year, expenditure was already sanctioned.
Article 28
(1) Surplus and extra exp~nses may only be paid wIth the approval of the Magis
trat. Approval may only be given for indisputable reqUirements.
(2) All excessive and extraordinary expenditure requires the subsequent consent
of the Representative Bodies.
(3) Extraordinary expenditure may be paid only if cover payment Is assured.
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Article 29
Persons in the service of Greater Berlin who are guilty of violating the regu
lations of Article, 28, are responsible to the Corporation for the damage'in
volved. The liability to render such compensation does not arise, if the
action was taken in order to avoid a pressing danger to the Corporation which
could not be foreseen, and if the contravention of the regulations was not
excessive in view of the measures demanded by the emergency.
Article 30
(1) The Treasurer must give the Representative bodies of Greater Berlin an account
of the utilization of all revenues of the 'fiscal year, in the first six months
of the following fiscal year, and must submit a summary on the entire assets
and liabilities.
(2) The accounts are to be examined and passed by the Hauptpruefungsamt on the
basis of the budget plan and budget calculations. ' Details will be given ~q
an Ordinance.
(3) On the basis of the examination and statement of items carried through by the
Hauptpruefungsamt, the Representative Bodies decide to pass the accounts.
Chapter VIII:
PROVISIONS CONCERNING PUBLIC OFFICIALS
Article 31
(1) All p,ersons fulfilling superior duties in the Central Administration, and all
employees in leading positions of the Central Administration are appointed,
transferred, and dismissed by the Magistrat.
(2) All persons who ,have to perform superior duties in the Adminis'trative District,
and all employees in leading pOSitions of the District are appointed, trans
ferred and dismissed by the Bezirksamt.
(3) The transfer of persons who have to perform superior duties in the service of
Berlin from an Administrative District to the Central Administration, or from
one District to another, is decided upon by the Magistrat after hearing the
respective Bezirksamt.
Article 32
All'persons who have to exercise superior duties in the service of Berlin, in
taking over their work, have to swear an oath that they will fulfil them im
partially for the welfare of all, and according to the law. They receive
fixed official remunerations for their work.
Chapter IX:
EFFECTIVE LEGAL PROVISIONS
Article 33
(1) A matter can only be regulated by an ordinance, i f it is to be generally
legal. This ordinance must be framed according to this Constitution, and
announced in writing and publicly.
(2) All ordinances are to be published within a term of one month aft,er final
resolution. They come into effect, failing other directions, on the seventh
day after they are published.
Article 34
The organs which have been appointed or approved by the municipality of
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Berlin, when this Cons.titution comes into force, in the Central Administra
tion, as in the District Administration, will exercise the constitutional
privileges until new organs are appointed.
Article 35
(1),
This Constitution comes into force on the day of its publication in Greater
Berlin. All former directives, which are contrary to this Constitution, be
come void on the same day. The necessary directives for its execution will
be issued by t~e Magistrat.
(2) The Stadtverordnetenverswmmlung will deliberate in public meetings on the
Draft of a new Constitution for Greater Berlin. This Draft is to be sub
mitted to the Allied Powers for approval before 1 May 1948
As soon as this
approval has been given, elections must be held according to the new Consti
tution.
Article 36
Except as may be specifically provided by the Allied Control Authority, the
,independent administration of Greater,Berlin is subordinate to the Allied
Kommandatura, and that of the Bezirks Administrations to the Military Govern
ments in the respective sectors. All legal enactments which are accepted by
the Stadtverordnetenversammlung, as well as ordinances and instructions
issued by the Magistrat, must conform to the laws and ordinances of the Allied
Powers in Germany and, the Allied Kommandatura Berlin, and be sanctioned by
the latter. Alterations in the Constitution, resignation of the Magistrat
or of any of its members, as well as the appointment and discharge of leading
officials of the city administration can only take effect with the sanction
of the Allied Kommandatura Berlin.
The Bezirks Administrations are subordinate in their activities to the Mili
tary Government in the respective sectors.
This Draft, of a Temporary Constitution for Greater Berlin has been elaborated by
the Local Government Committee of the Allied Kommandatura.
FELDMAN
Garde Major
USSR
GLASER
Lt. Col.
U.S.
HAYES
Majar
G• •
ZIEGELMEYER
Capitaine
FR.
COORDINATING COMMITTEE MINUTES
(Meeting'ot 2 August 1946)
THE MEETING:
(a) approved the proposed
const~tution
in principle;
(b) '~ended Articles 4, 12, and 36 as shown above;*
(c) returned the proposed constitution to the Kommandatura,
(i) inviting its attention to the'foregoing discussion;
(ii) requesting it to consider the desirability of amending the constitu
tion to give the Stadtverordnetenversammlung and Bezirksverordneten
versammlungen the right to demand, atter due hearing, the dismissal
of employees of the Magistrat and Bezirksaemter who violat~ the con
stitution; and
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(iii' authorizing ,it to take final action on the constitution without fur
ther re£erence to the Coordinating Committee, after having considered
_ _-::-___.=,th=.e_n=.e.=,c;;.e,ssi ty for ,tl?-~ ,amendment ref erred to in (11) above.
* Articles 4, 12 and 36 are here published in their amended form.
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ALLIED KOMMANDATURA BERLIN
Office of the Chairman Chief of starf
SUBJECT:
Constitution of Ber11n
TO
Oberbuergermeister, C1ty of Berlin
We believe that the re-estab11shment of a constitutional government in the
City of Berlin is an histor1cal event. In forwarding the present document to the
Magistrat, together with an Allied Kommandatura Order, the occupat10n AuthOrities
again express their desire to.establish political independence in Berlin, and give
the population the right to determ1ne by themselves the form of their government.
Berlin first received a democratic constitution in 1920. However, under
the influence of the Nazi regime, the limitation of po11tical freedom. resulted in
the fact that admin1strative and governmental departments of the City became crude·
tools of the fasc1st power.
The 1946 Const1tution 1s a temporary document,dest1ned to re-establish
political freedom and pass it on to the populat10n of Ber11n. The constitution
will transm1t all powers into the hands of representatives elected by the popula
tion. The constitut10n requires that these elected representatives estab11sh a
Const1tutionalAssembly with the a1m to begin immediately the work of drawing a
more detailed drart of the constitution for the City of Berlin. It foresees a
stab1e city government created on .the basis of the general laws of 1853, 1920 and
1931.
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The Allied Co~andants have decided that this new constitution will be put
into effect in October, when elections will be held, and at which time they will
transfer all responsibility for the government of Berlin under the guidance of the
Allied Kommandatura Berlin to the pop~lation of the City, firmly convinced that
democratic developments will never cease.
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USSR
Maj. Gen. KOTIKOV
BR
Maj. Gen. NARES
US
Maj. Gen. KEATING
PH
Brig. Gen. LANCON
3
Berlin Elections·
The municipal elections of October 20, 1946 attr.acted much more public atten~
tion than the d1strict and state diet elections for the whole Soviet Zone held
the s,ame day (see XX). The reason was that, with strict four-power supervision
of the polls, the results could be relied upon to reflect electorate trends, un
hampered by any pressure, more objectively than outside the city limits. Further
roore, in Berlin, the Social Democratic party, which in the Soviet Zone had been
fused with the Communists to form the SED (Socialist Unity Party, cf. XX) was. per~
mitted to operate independently, even in the Soviet sector. The result was a
serious setback for the Sovie.t-sponsored SED. The official tabulation of the
electlon returns gives to the
Social Democrats
Christian Democrats
SED
Liberal Democrats
Not valid
999,170
454,202
405,992
192,527
39,164
votes
vo:tes
votes
votes
votes
(48.7~)
(22.l~)
(19.~)
C 9.4!')
�Which City Council?
/
The new City Assembly met on November 26, 1946, to elect a City Council
(Magistrat) which was to replace the original Soviet appointed council of the
first period of occupation when all of Berlin was under Soviet administration.
However, one day, before the meeting of the new Socialist-dominated assembly. the
Soviet Military Governor of Berlin, Major General Alexander Kotikov, published
an order in the name of the four-power Kommandatura, which made the reorganiza
tion of the Magistrat conditional on prior approval of the four Allies, thus re
serving to himself a veto power against newly to be elected city officials. The
three other Allied representatives on the Kommandatura protested against this
Soviet move and advised the new City Assembly to proceed with the elections of
the 16 councillors regardless of the Soviet decree. This was done, but on
December? the old City Council refused to yield to its successor. For a few
days it looked as if Berlin would have two city councils. But on December 10 the
four members of the Kommandatura agreed in favor of the new council, but removed
one member and held up approval of two more. Behind the particular issue, there
was the major question of how Article.36 of the Berlin Constitution ought to be
interpreted, which says that all legal enactments of the City Assembly as well as
ordinances issued by the City Council must be sanctioned by the Allied Kommanda
tura. This was understood by the Soviet representative to mean that no decision
of the city was to have the force of law unless it was passed upon by the four
Allied Powers, while the American representative held the view that all enact
ments of the city were valid unless vetoed by all four Allied powers.
The Trade Union Dispute
Another dispute between the four powers arose over the question of voting
procedure for the Berlin Trade Union elections scheduled for February 3. 1947.
The Western powers, led by the U. S. representative, advocated a system favoring
greater influence of groups other than the SED. This time the Soviet representa
tive. Major General Kotikov, reversed the stand taken in the City Council contro
. versy, and championed the right of the Berlin Trade Unions to decide their own
affairs free of Allied interference. On February 10 this issue too was amiably
settled by a compromise satistactory from both the U. S. and the Soviet viewpoint.
Socialization of Industry
On February 13, 1947, the Berlin City Assembly adopted with 118 against 12
votes of the Liberal Democrats a bill to socialize all big enterprises and
monopolistic corporations situated in Berlin. The measure patterned after
Article 41 in the constitution of Hesse, and subject to approval by the Allied
Konnnandatura, provides for the expropriation of all enterprises "ripe for social
ization." Compensation will be made to all owners and shareholders unless they .
are proven to be former Nazi activists or war criminals. Foreign shareholders
will receive full and immediate compensation. The bill further provides that the
City of Berlin shall act as administrator and ,trustee of all socialized enter
prises until the creation of a central German government. The supervisory com
mittee governing the socialized sector of Berlin economy will consiSt of,dele
gates from City Magistrate, Assembly, Trade ~nions, and Management.
�'{-~'(J.S.
488
:1.:
ICJLj(.£;
V
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~
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.
'.
'
140.00119 EW/1-1948: Telegram
I'he United States Politwa2 Adviser for Germany (Murphy) to the
Acting Secretary of State·
BERLIN, January 19, 194~10 a. m.
[Received January 20-10: 30 a.
169. See my 112, January 13,6 p. m., and my 89, January 11,6 p. m.
Following is text of definition of restitution based on Soviet counter
proposal adopted by Coordinating Committee at its thirty-second
meeting:
RESTRICTED
I
'
(0~
I ·,~~\cr -Cf to
. / 489
"a. As to goods of a unique character, restitution of which is im
possible, special instructions will fix the categories of goods subject
to replacement, the nature of these replacements and the conditions
in which such goods could be replaced by equivalent objects.
"4. Relevant transportation expenses within the present Gennan
frontiers and as repairs necessary for proper transportation, includ
ing the necessary manpower, material and organization, are to be
horne by Germany and are included in restitution. Expenses outside
Germany are borne by the recieient country.
.
"5.. The Control Council wl11 deal on a)) questions of restitution
with the government of the country where the objects were looted."
MURPHY
lU
Itt
!
//
~j/)
needed to maintain the productive capacity of 7,500,000. This [pro
posal was accepted] for immediate implementation and the Coordinat
ing Committee decided to refer the larger question at issue to the Con
trol Council meeting of January 21. Clay and Sokolovsky desired
communication to the press of the Coordinating Committee's current
discussion but Robertson requested deferment of publicity pending
Control Council action.
3. Coordinating Committee accepted with certain additions Uussian
counter-proposal on definition of restitution (see my 112, January 13,
2 p. m.). Clear text and summary of discussion furnished in separate
telegram. 16
; ..
j':
,',-'\
1[1 '
GERMANY
Sent to Dept as 159; repeated to Moscow as 16 and London for per
.sonal a,ttention. Secretary Byrnes 16 as 40.
i
I
I,·
/.
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1946, VOLUME V
II:
I
.__ I ;
;~( • .
'-. \.._. . \"... .' C; \..-~'I
"1. The question of restitution of propelty removed by the Germans
from A11ied countries must be examined, in all cases, In light of the
declaration of January 5, 1943.17
"2. Restitution will be limited in the first instance to identifiable
goods which existed at the time of occupation of the country con·
cerned and which haye been taken by the enemy by force from the
.
territory of the country.
"Also falling under measure of restitution are identifiable goods
produced during the period of occupation and which have- been ob
tained by force. All other property removed by the enemy is eligible
for restitution to the extent consistent with reparations. However,
the United Nations retain the right to receive from Germany com
pensation for this other property removed as reparations.
.
'"Telegmm 169, January 19, from Berlin, intra.
1. The Secretary of State was In London as Chairman of the Unite{} States
delegation to the First Part of the First Session of the General Assembly ot
the United Nations.
11 Reference Is to the Inter-Allied Declaration Against Acts of Dispossession,
Foreir1n Relu.tion8. 1943. vol. I. D. 443.
General Clay approved the proposal on condition that restitution
to be effected will not involve expenses to US occupation forces and
he emphasized that the US accepted no obligation to replace art objects
item by item. In reply to a question from the French as to meaning
of "compensation" Russian member envisaged compensation as in
cluding equipment, manufactured goods, raw material of minerals
delivered at Germany's expense as far as possible. French member
requested the record include Soviet member's understanding that the
Control Council will decide the question to what extent restitution
is consistent with reparations.
Instructions envisaged under paragraph 3 of text above were re
ferred to the R.eparations Deliveries and Restitution Directorate for
drafting and agreement will be reported to Control Council meeting
21 January subject to British member obtaining final approval from
his Government of the above definition.1s
Sent Dept repeated to Moscow as 17, Paris as 17, London as 40 and
copy to Angell 19 in Berlin.
.
MURPHY
"Telegram 198, January 22, 4 p. m., from Berlin, reported QI] the disrussion
concerning restitution at the 17th meeting 'Of the Allled Control Coundl.
January 21. British General Playfair presided because of the illness of both
Field Marshal MOQtgomery and General Robertson. "Playfair stated that the
British delegation would accept the definition of restitution which was agreed
by the French, Sonets and U.S., at the last Coordinating Committee meeting.
British stated, howe\'er, that they accepted on the assumption sImilar to that
stated by Clay for the U.S., namely, that definition would not result in lillY
additional burdens on the German economy which would have to be met from
British sources. The British also agreed with the So.iet provision that 'goods
ot an unique character' would relate only to artistic and cultural objeets.
Koenig suggested and obtained unanimous agreement that 'scientific apparat1l!;'
also be Included. British pointed out that they agreed with the U.S. \'Iew that
there would not be replacement of objects of art item for Item." (740.00119
Control (Germany)/I-2246)
If James
W. Angell, United States representative, Allied Commission on
Reparations.
�/I"'!>;"'.
488
I
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I:
I'
I
i
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I CJ L/ C;
\/
til"{
\... <--_. . '~/'
'-~crC
~
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1946, VOLUME V
GERMANY
needed to maintain the productive capacity of 1,500,000. This [pro
posal was accepted] for immediate implementation and the Coordinat
ing Committee decided to refer the larger question at issue to the Con
trol Council meeting of January 21. Clay and Sokolovsky desired
communication to the press of the Coordinating Committee's current
discussion but Robertson requested deferment of publicity pending
Control Council action.
3. Coordinating Committee accepted with certain additions Russian
counter-proposal on definition of restitution (see my 112, January 13,
2 p. m.). Clear text and summary of discussion furnished in separate
telegrnm. 16
Sent to Dept as 159; repeated to Moscow as 16 and London for per
sonal ntt~ntion. Secretary Byrnes 16 as 40.
MURPHY
740.00119 EW 11-1946: Telegram
i':
The United States Political Adviser for Germany (Murphy) to the
Acting Secretary of State'
BERLIN, January 19,1946-10 a. m.
[Received January 20-:-10: 30 a. m.]
169. See my 112, J nnuary 13,6 p. m., and my 89, January 11, 6 p. m.
Following is text of definition of restitution based on Soviet counter
proposal adopted by Coordinating Committee at its thirty-second
meeting: .
RESTRICTED
,~
:1{
\
!
"1. The question of restitution of property removed by the Germans
from Allied countries must be examined, in all cases, In light of the
declaration of January 5, 1943.11
"2. Restitution will be limited in the first instance to identifiable
goods which existed at the time of occupation of the country con
cerned and which have been taken by the enemy by force-from the
territory of the country.
.
"Also falling under measure of restitution are identifiable goods
produced during the period of occupation and which have· been ob
tained by f<?rce. All other proper~y remo,:"ed by the t;nemy is eligible
for restitutIOn to the extent consIstent'wIth reparatIOns. However,
the United Nations ret.'l.in the right to receive from Germany com
pensation for this other property removed as reparations.
,. Telegram 169, January 19, from Berl!n. intra.
The Secretary of State was In Lond<ln as Chairman of the United StatE'll
delegation to the First Part of the First Session of the General Assembly of
the United Nations.
.
11 Reference Is to the Inter-Allied Declaration Against Acts of Dispossession,
For.eilln Rela,tions. 1943. vol. I. D. 443.
te
.-, }'./ ........... I'"
I)
,) ,/
,L",;" ii. / I;' .) ) 'l/ '. fir ,.
~~
I /~~q-Lf to
. 489
"3. As to goods of a unique character, restitution of which is im
possible, special instructions will fix the categories of goods subject
to replacement, the nature of these replacements and the conditions .
in which such goods could be replaced by equivalent objects.
"4. Relevant transportation expenses within the present Gennan
frontiers and as repairs necessary for proper transportation, iIiclud
. jng the ne(!essary' manpower, material and organization, are to be
horne by Germany and are inc1uded in restitution. Expenses outside
Germany are borne by the reci~ient country.
.
.
"5. The Control Council WIll deal on all questions of restitution
with the government of the country where the objects were looted."
General Clay approved the proposal on condition that restitution
to be effected will not involve expenses to US occupation forces and
he emphasized that the US accepted no obligation to replace art objects
item by item. In reply to a question from the French as to meaning
of "compensation" Russian member envisaged compensation as in
cluding equipment, manufactured goods, raw material of mineral~
delivered at Germany's expense as far as possible. French member
requested the record include Soviet member's understanding that the
Control Council will decide the question to what extent restitution
is consistent with reparations.
'
Instructions envisaged under paragraph 3 of text above were re
ferred to the Reparations Deliveries and Restitution Directorate for
drafting and agreement will be reported to Control Council meeting
21 January subject to British member obtaining final approval from
his Government of the above definition.18
, Sent Dept repeated to Moscow as 17, Paris as 17, London as 40 and
copy to AngelI 19 in Berlin.
.
.
MURPHY
"Telegram 198, January 22, 4 p. m.• from Berlin, reported on the dl~cu8SiQn
concerning restitution at the 17th meeting 'of the Allied Control Council.
January 21. British General Playfalr presided because of the illness of both
Field Marshal l\foQtgomery and General Robertson. "Playfalr stated that the
British delegation would accept the definition of restitution which was agreed
by the French, Sonets and U.S., at the last Coordinating Committee meeting.
British stated, howe,"er, that they accepted on the assumption similar to that
stated by Clay for the U.S., namely, that definition would not result in tinY
nddltlonalburdens on the German' economy which would have to be met frolU
British sources. The British also agreed with the SOviet provision that 'goods
ot an unique character' would relate only to artistic and cultural objE'('ts.
Koenig suggested and obtained unanimous agreement that 'scientific apparatns'
also be Included. British pointed out that they agreed with the U.S. ,"lew thnt
there would not be replacement of objects of art item for item." (740.00119
Control (GermanY)/1-2246)
,. James W. Angell, United States representative, Allied Commission on
Reparations.
�114
u_sapr_Sr-- /3uJ.U/l~
CJan· -Jar. ICf~L(0)
~M1
,21 f
I
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETo
JGU\ ' t ttl
\P
Reparation From Germany
1~lf(P
..
FINAL ACf AND ANNEX OF THE PARIS CONFERENCE ON REPARATION 1
('
CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATION
The Paris Conference on Reparation, which has
met from 9 November 1945 to 21 December 1945,
recommends that the Governments represented at
the Conference should sign in Paris as soon as
possible an Agreement on Reparation from Ger
many, on the Establishment of. an Inter-Allied
Repal;ation Agency and on the Restitution of
Monetary Gold in the terms set forth below.2
DRAFT AGREEMENT ON REPARATION FROM GER.
MANY, ON THE ESTABUSHMENT OF AN INTER·
ALLIED REPARATioN AGENCY AND ON THE RESTI•.
TUTION OF MONETARY GOLD
Agreemen.t), shall be divided into the follow ill"
.
,
categories:
(
~
Oategory A, which shall inClude all forms of
German reparation' except those included iii
Category B,
Oategory B, which shall include industrial anll
other capital equipment removed from German)"
and merchant ships and inland water trarispo~·t.
II
1\
II
h
l'
Ii
B. Each Signatory Government shall be enti·
tIed to the percentage share of the total value 01
tl
Category A and the percentage share of the total
value of Category B set out for tlu1t Goverumelll
in the Table of Shares set forth below:
iI
0
The Governments of ALBANIA, The UNITED
STATES of A~reRroA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, CAN
TABLE OF SHARES.
ADA, DENl\[ARK; EGYPT, FRANCE, The UNITED
KINGDOll[ OF GREAT BRITAIN' AND NORTHERN bE
Country
Category A Category R
----------,---I~-----LAND, GREEOE, INDIA, LUXEMBOURG, NORWAY, NEW
Albania_
_____ • __ _
.35
.05
ZEALAND, The NETHERLANDS, CZEOHOSLOVAKIA,
United States of America_ ____ ____ _
11. 80
28. 00
The UNION OF SOUTH AFRIOA and YUGOSLAVIA, in
Australia ______________________ _
.9.1
.70
order to obtain an equitable distribution among
Belgium ________ . __ . __ .. __
4.50
2. 70
themselves of the total assets which, in accordance
Canada _____ • ______ . __'. ___ . ,. __
1.51)
3.50
Denmark___ _. _____ . ____ __ __. __ ..
.35
with the pro.visions of this Agreement and the
.25
Egypt. __________ .. _ ___ ~ ______ _
.20
~ 05
Provisions agreed upon at Potsdam on 1 August
France ______ ________ . _________ . 16.00
22.80
19-15 between the Governments of the United
United Kingdom _______ . ____ ._. _ 28. 00
27.80 '
States of America, the United Kingdom of Great
Greece ___ • ___________ . _... __ _. ____ _
4.35
2. 70
India ____________ ._ __ _ _____ _
Britain and Northern Ireland and the Union of
2.90
2.00
Luxembourg __________ . __________ _
. 40
Soviet Socialist Republics, are· or may be de
.15
Norway _,________ . _______ , _. _. ___ _
1.90
1.30
clared to be available as reparation from Germany
New Zealand_ ___________ __ ______ _
.60
.40
(hereinafter referred to as German reparation), \ Netherlands ______ . __
5. 60
3. 90
in order to establish an Inter-Allied Reparation
Czechoslovakia ____________.________ _
4.30
3.00
Union of South Africa (Q) _____ ~ ____ _
Agency, and to settle an equitable procedure for
.10
.70
•Yugoslavia __ ______ __ ____ _ ____ _
9.60
the restitution of monetary gold, '
.
6. 60
-----"---HAVE AGREED as follows:
I"
Il:
tl
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1);
~~
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m
Sl;
~
01
~
TotaL_____________________
100.00
Ar.icle 1. Shares in Reparation.
A. German reparation (exclusive of the funds
to be allocated under Article 8 of Part I of this
I Released to the press Jan. 15.
• On Jan. 14 the following governments signed the
agreement: United States, France, United Kingdom, Neth
erlands, Belgium, Yugoslavia, and Luxembourg. The slg.
natures represent 84.15 percent of Category A quotas, thus
bringing the agreement Into e1fect as of Jan. 14.
ib
C:
es
A·I
of
as,
---
a
of
., no
100.00
;,~:."
Part I
German Reparation
di
~ ~t
The government oC the Union or South ACrica hBB undertaken to wai'~
·Its claims to the extent necessary to reduce its percentage share or Category II
to the figure oC 0.1 per rent but is entitled, in disposing oC German enrJllY
assets within Its Jurisdiction, fo charge the net value of such assets against U;
. percentage share or Category A and a percentage share under Category D of
0.1 per cen t.
. (0)
C. Subject to the provIslOns of paragraph D
below, each Signatory Government shall ,be en
titled to receive its share of merchant ships deter·
mined in accordance with Article 5 of Part I of
this Agreement, provided that· its receipts· of
;:.:
~:.~
.
Ils~
�1.1.\'l,.4RY 27, 1.946
'l.e!UUlt ships do not exceed in value its share in
Cllft.gory B as It whole.
Subject to the provisions of paragraph D be
loW. each Signatory Government shall also be
t.utitled to its Category A percentage share in
(jl'rt llftn ftssets in countries which remained neu
tnl l in the war against Germany.
The distribution among the Signatory Govern
Illl'llts of forms of German reparation other than
ull'rehant ships, inland water transport and Ger
Ul:lll assets in countries which remained neutral
ill the war against Germany shall be guided by
the principles set forth in Article 4 of Part I of
I his Agreement.
D. If a Signatory Government receives more
thull its percentage share of certain types of assets
ill either Category A or Category B, its receipt')
of other types of assets in that Category shall be
rcdllced so as to ensure that it shall not receive
Jllore than its share in that Category as a whole.
E. No Signatory Government shall receive more
I hun its percentage share of either Category A
Ol' Category B as a whole by surrendering any
PHt·t of its percentage share of the other Category,
pxeept that with respect to German enemy assets
within its own jurisdiction, any Signatory Govern~
lllcnt shall be permitted to charge any excess of
sllch assets over its Category A percentage share
of total German. enemy assets within the juris
diction of the Signatory Governments either to
its receipts in Category A or to its receipts in
.
Category B or in part to each Category.
F. The Inter-Allied Reparation Agency, to be
established in accordance with Part II of this
Agreement, shall charge the reparation account
of each Signatory Government for the German
assets within that Government's jurisdiction over
a period of five years. The charges at the date'
of the entry into force of this Agreement shall be
not less than 20 per cent of the net value of such
assets (as defined in Article 6 of Part I 'of this'
Agreement) as then estimated, at the beginning
of the second year thereafter not less than 25 per
eent of the balance as then estimated, at the begin
ning of the third year not less than .33% per cent
. of the balance as then estimated, at ~he beginning
of the fourth year not less than 50 per Cent of the
. balance as then estimated, at the' beginning of the .
fifth year not less than 90 per cent of the balance
JIll
(
lph D
be en
deter
t I of
)~.<
f
Vi.<'.~
.
as then estimated, and at the en:d of the fifth year
the entire remainder of the total amount actually
realized.
G. The following. exceptions to paragraphs D
and E above shall apply in the case of a Signatory
Government whose share in Category B is less
than its share in Category A:
(i) Receipts of merchant ships by any such
Government shall not reduce its percentage share
in other types of assets in Category B, except to
the extent that such receipts exceed the value ob- .
tained when. that Government's Category A per
centage is applied to the total value of merchant
~~
.
(ii) Any excess of German assets within the
jurisdiction of such Government over its Category
A percentage share of the total of German assets
within the jurisdiction of Signatory Governments
as a whole shall be charged first to the additional
share in Category B to which that Government
would be entitled if its share in Category B were
determined by applying its Category A percent
age to the forms of German reparation in Cate
gory B.
H. If any Signatory Government renounces its
shares or part of its shares in German reparation
as set out in the above Table of Shares, or if it
withdraws from the Inter-Allied Reparation
Agency at a time when all or part of its shares in
German reparation remain unsatisfied, the shares
or part thereof thus renounced or remaining'shall
be distributed rateably among the other Signatory
Governments.
. .
Article 2. Settlement 01 Claim. against Germany.
A. The Signatory Go~ernments agree among
themselves that their respective shares of repara~
tion, as determined by the present Agreement,
shall be regarded by each of them as covering all
its claims and those of its nationals against the
former German Government and its Agencies, of
a governmental or private nature, arising out of
the war (which are not otherwise provided for),
including costs of German occupation, credits ac
quired during occupation on clearing accounts and
claims against the Reichskreditkassen.
.
B. The provisions of paragraph A above are
without prejUdice to:
(i) The determination at the proper time of the
�DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETI.\
116
forms, duration or total amount of reparation to be
made by Germany;
(ii) The rigbt which each Signatory Govern
ment may have with respect to the final settlement
of German reparation; and
(iii) Any political, territorial or other demands
which any Signatory Government may put for
ward with respect to the peace settlement with
Germany.
_I
C. Notwithstanding anything in the provisions
of paragraph A above, the present Agreement shall
not be considered as affecting:
(i) The obligation of the appropriate authori
ties in Germany to secure at a future date the dis
charge of claims against Germany' and German
nationals arising out of contracts and other obliga
tions entered into, and rights acquired, before the
existence of a state of war between Germany and
the Signatory Government concerned or before the
occupation of its territory by Germany, whichever
was earlier;
.
(ii) The claims of Social Insurance Agencies
of the Signatory Governments or the claims of
their nationals against the Social Insurance Agen
cies of the former German Government; and
(iii) Banknotes of the Reichsbank and the Ren
ten bank, it being understood that their realization
shall not have the result of reducing improperly
the amount of reparation and shall not be effected
without the approval of the Control Council for
Germany.
tory Government or its nationals in respect of
property received by that Gdvernment as· repa.
ration with the approval of the Control Couneil
for Germany.
'
A.rticle 4. General Principles lor' the A.llocation
Industrial and ·other Capital Equipment.
A. No Signatory Government shall request the
allocation to it as reparation of any industrinl or
other capital equipment removed from Germany
except for use in its own territory or for use by it~
own nationals outside its own territory.
. B. IIi submitting requests to the Inter-Allied.
Reparation Agency, the Signatory Governments
should endeavour to submit comprehensive pro.
grams of requests for related groups of items)
rather than requests for isolated items or small
groups of items. It is recognized that the work
of the Secretariat of the Agency will be more effec
tive, the more comprehensive the programs which
Signatory. Governments subinit to it.
C. In the allocation .by the Inter-Allied Repara.
tion Agency of items declared available for repa
ration (other than merchant ships, inland water
transport and German assets in countries which
remained neutral in the war against Germany) , the
following. general principles shall serve as guides:
(i) Any item or related group of items in which
a claimant country has a substantial prewar finan·
cial interest shall be allocated to that country if it
so desires. Where two or more claimants have
such substantial interests in a particular .item or
D. Notwithstanding ·the provisions of para . group of items, the criteria stated below shall guide
graph A of this Article, the Signatory Govern
the allocation.
ments agree that, so far as they are concerned, the
(ii) If the allocation between competing claim·
Czechoslovak Government will be entitled to draw
ants is not determined by paragraph (i), attention
upon the Giro Account of the-National Bank of
shall be given, among other relevant factors, to the
Czechoslovakia at the Reichsbank, should such' ac- . following considerations:
tion be decided upon by the Czechoslovak Gov
. (a) The urgency of each claimant country's
ernment and be approved by the Control Council
needs for the item or items to rehabilitate, recon
for Germany, in connection with the movement
struct or restore to full activity the claimant
from Czechoslovakia to Germany of former
country's economy;
Czechoslovak nationals.
(0) The extent to which the item or items
Article 3. Wai.,er 01 Claims Regarding PropertY' Allo
would replace property which was destroyed,
cated as Reparation.
.
damaged or looted in the war, or requires re
placement because of excessive wear in war pro
Each of the Signatory Governments agrees that
duction, and which is important to the claimant
it will not assert, initiate .actions in international
'. country's economy;
tribunals in respect of, .or give diplomatic sup
(0) The relation of the iten:t0r items, to the.
port to claims on behalf of itself or those persons
general pattern of the claimant country's p.rewllr
entitled to its protection against any other Signa-
sl
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�117
j.l.vt.'..fnY 27, 1946
economic life and to programs for. its postwar
economic adjustment or development;
(d) The requirements of countr'ies whose rep
aration shares are small but which are in need of
l','rtain specific items 01' categories of items.
(iii) In making allocations a reasonable balance
,,/Ja II be 1l1aintained among the rates at which the
1"\'1'01 ration shares of the several claimant Govern
IIl('lIts are satisfied, subject to such temporary ex
l'l'ptiuIlS as are justified by the considerations under
paragraph (ii) (a) above.
~rlicle 5. General Pri,lciples lor the Allocation
,\I('relwnt Ships and Inland Water Transport.
QI
A. (i) German merchant ships available for dis
riblltion as reparation among the Signatory
{;on.. rnments shall be distributed among them in
proportion to the respective over-all losses of
1Il!'l'cliant shipping, on a gross tonnage basis, of
Iitl' Signatory Governments and their nationals
Illl:ough acts of war. It is recognized that trans
fpl's of merchant ships by the United Kingdom
and United States Governments to other Govern
1l1l'llts are subject to such final approvals by the
Ii'g'islatul'es of the United Kingdom and United
SI ates of America as may be required.
(ii) A special committee! compose~ of repre
:iPlltatives of the Signatory GoVerIllllents, shall be
appointed by the Assembly of the Inter-Allied
H<'paration Agency to make recommendations
('oncerning the determination of such losses and
Ille allocation of German merchant ships available
for distribution.
(iii) The value of German merchant ships for
reparation accounting purposes shall be the value
d~termined by the Tri-partite Merchant Marine
Commission in terms of 1038 prices in Ger
many plus 15 per cent, with an allowance for
depreciation. .
B. Recognizing that some countries have special
need for inland water transport, the distribution,
of inland water transport shall be dealt with by
it special committee appointed by the Assembly
of the Inter-Allied Reparation Agency in the event
that inhmd water transport becomes a vail able at n
future time as reparation for the Signatory Go",
ernments. The valuation of inland water trans
port will be made on the basis adopted for the
valuation of merchant ships or on an equitable
basis in relation to that adopted for merchant
ships.
I
A.rticle 6. German External ,A.ssets.
A. Each Signatory Government shall, under
such procedures as it may choose, hold or dispose
of German enemy assets within its jurisdiction in
manners designed to preclude their return to Ger
man ownership or control and shall charge against
its reparation share such assets (net of accrued
taxes, liens, expenses of administration, other in
,rem charges against specific items and legitimate
contract claims against the German former owners
of such assets).
B. The Signatory' Governments shall give to
the Inter-Allied Reparation Agency all informa
tion for which it asks as to the value of such assets
and the amounts realized from time to time by
their liquidation.
. C. German assets in those countries which re
mained neutral in the war against Germany shall
be removed from German ownership' or control
and liquidated or disposed of in accordance with
the authority of France, the United Killgdom
and the United States of America, pursuant to ar
rangements to be negotiated with the neutrals by
these countries. The net proceeds of liquidation
or disposition shall be made available to the Inter
Allied Reparation Agency for distribution on
reparation account.
D. In applying the provisions of paragraph A
Itbove, assets which were the property of a coun
try which is a member of the United Nations or
its nationals who were not nationals of Germany
at the time of the occupation or annexation of this
country by Germany, or of its entry into war, shall
not be charged to its reparation account. It is,
understood that· this provision in no way pre
judges any questions which may arise as regards
assets which were not the property of a national of
the country concerned at the time of the latter's
.oc.cupation or annexation by Germany or of its
entry into war.
E. The German enemy assets to be charged
against reparation shares shall include assets
which are in reality German enemy assets, despite
the fact that the nominal owner of such assets is
not a German enemy.
Each Signatory Government shall enact legis
lation or take other appropriate steps, if it has
not already done so, to render null and void all
transfers made, after the occupation of its terri
tory or its entry into war, for the fraudulent pur
. pose of cloaking German enemy interests, and
�118
thus slllving them harmless from the effect of con
trol measures regarding German enemy interests.
F. The Assembly of the Inter-Allied Repara
tion Agency shall set up a Committee of Experts
in matters of enemy property custodianship ,in
order to overcome practical difficulties of law and
interpretation which may arise. The Committee
should in particular guard against schemes which
might result in effecting fictitious or other trans
actions designed to favour enemy interests, or to
reduce improperly the amount of assets which
might be allocated to reparation.
Article 7. Captured Supplies.
The value of supplies and other materials sus
ceptible of civilian use captured from the Ger
man Armed Forces in areas outside Germany and
delivered to Signatory Governments shall be
charged against their reparation shares in' so far
as such,supplies and materials have not been or
are not in the future either paid for or delivered
under arrangements precluding any charge. It
is recognised that transfers of such suppli,es and
material by the United Kingdom and United States,
Governments to other Governments are subject to
such final approval by the legislature of the United
Kingdom or the United States of America as may
be required.
Article 8. Allocation 01 a Reparation Share to Non-,
repatriable J'icrinu 01 German Action.
In recognition of the fact that large numbers
of persons have suffered heavily at the hands of
the Nazis and now stand in dire need of aid to pro
mote their reJ:i.abilitation but will be unable to
claim the assistance of any Government receiving
reparation from Germany, the Governments of
the United States of America, France, the United
Kingdom, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, in con
sultation with the Inter-Governmental, Commit
tee on Refugees, shall as soon as possible work out
in common agreement a plan on the following
general lines: '
,
A. A share of rep,aration consisting of all the
non-monetary gold found by the Allied' Armed
Forces in Germany and in addition a sum not ex
ceeding 25 mi1lion dollars shall be allocated for
the rehabilitation and resettlement of non-repatri
able victims of German action.
B. The sum of 25 million dollars shall be met
from a portion of the proceeds of German assets
in neutral countries which are available ."'~IOf4."",.jit.
aration.
C. Governments of neutral countries shall be
requested to make available for this purpose (in
addition to tIle sum of 25 million dollars) assets
in such countries of victims. of Nazi action ~~=F"
have since died and left no heirs.
D. The persons eligible for aid under the pl11~
in question shall be restricted to true victims of
Nazi persecution and to their immediate families
and dependents, in the following classes:
(i) Refugees from Nazi Germany or Austria
who require aid and cannot be returned to their
countries within a reasonable time because of pre
vailing, conditions;
(ii) German and Austrian nationals riow resi
dent in Germany or Austri", in exceptional cases
in which it is reasonable on grounds of humanity
to assist such persons to emigrate, and providing
they emigrate to other countries within a reason
able period;
(iii ) Nationals of countries formerly occupied
by the Germans who cannot be repatriated or are
not in a position to be repatriated within a reason
able time. In order to concentrate aid on the most
needy and deserving refugees and to exClude per
sons whose loyalty to the United Nations is or was
doubtful, aid shall be restricted to nationals or
former nationals of previously occupied countries
who were victims of Nazi concentration cam}!ls or
of concentration camps established by regimes
under Nazi influence but riot including persons who
have been confined only in prisoners of war camps.
E. The sums made available under paragraphs
A and B above shall be administered by the Inter
Governmental Committee on Refugees or by a
United Nations Agency to which appropriate func
tions of the Inter-Governmental Committee may
in the future be transferred. The sums made
available under pa'ragraph C above shall be ad
ministered for the general purposes referred to ill
this Article under' a program of administration
to be formulated by the five Governments named
above.
'
F. The non-monetary gold found in Germany
shall be placed at the disposal of the Inter-Govern
·mental Committee on Refugees as soon as a plan
has been worked out as provided above. '
G. The Inter-Governmental Committee on Refu
gees shall have power ~o carry out the purposes of
lJl
III
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119
I.lSC.fRY 27, 1946
~ble_for
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'les'·';:;liaU
purpose
liars)
action
'
through appropriate public and private
.,
. II OI'!!!lJIlSntlOns.
Ill' I
~
I (. The fund shall be used, not f or t I1e compensa
. I of individual victims, but to further the re
IIt.1
Inabilitation or r~settI 0 persons 111 t I1e e1"
ement f '
Igl~
bit. dass es.
I. Xothing in this Article shall be considered to
('"I.jlldice the claims. which individual refugees
111:1 \' ha \'C against a future German Government,
I'Xl.~.pt to the amount of the benefits that such refu
f'\'l'~ nul\' have received from the sources referred
~o in pn;'agraphs A and C above..
I
(It
{ltIl d
, Part II
Inter·Allied Reparation Agency
."rtide 1. Establishment
0/ the Arlency.
The Governments signatory to the present
.\gl'l.t'ment hereby establish an Inter-Allied Repa
l'atioll Agency (hereinafter referred to as the
·'.\gcucy"). Each Government shall appoint a
Delegate to the Agency and shall also be entitled
10 appoint an Alternate who, in the absence of the
Ddegate, shall be entitled to exercise all the func
I iOlls and rights of the Delegate.
(Irtide 2. Functions
0/ the Arlency.
Agency. The President of the Agency shall be
the Delegate of the Government of France.
C. The Secretariat shall be under the direction
of a Secretary General, assisted by two Deputy
Secretaries General The Secretary. General and
the two Deputy Secretaries General shall be ap
pointed by the Governments of France, the United
States of America and the United Kingdom. The
Secretariat shall be international in character. It
shall act for th~ Agency and not for the individunl
Signatory Governments.
Article 4. Functionll 0/ the Secretariat.
The Secretariat shall have the following func
tions:
A. To prepare and submit to the Assembly pro
grams for the allocation of German reparations;
B. To maintain detailed accounts of assets avail
able for, and of assets distributed as, German·
reparation;
C. To prepare and submit to the Assembly the
,budget of the Agency;
. D. To perform such other administrative func
tions as may be required.
0/ the Assembly.
Subject to the provisions of Articles 4 and 7 of
Part II of this Agreement, the Assembly shall allo
cate German reparation among the Signatory Gov
ernments in conformity with the provisions of this
Agreement and of any other ·agreements from time
to time in force among the Signatory Govern
ments. It shall also approve the budget of the
Agency and shall perform such other functions as
.are consistent with the provisions of this Agree
ment.
Article 5. Functions
A. The Agency shall allocate German repara
among the Signatory Governments in accord
:lIlce with the provisions of this Agreement and
uf any other agreements from time to time in force
among the Signatory Governments. For this
pUl'pose, the Agency shall be the medium through
which the Signatory Governments recei.ve infor
mation concerning, and express their wishes in
I'(~gnrd to, items available as reparation.
B. The Agency shall geal with all questions re- .
Article 6. J'oting in the Assembly.
lating to the restitution to a Signatory (lovern
Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement,
ment of property situated in one of the Western
Zones ofGermany which may be referred to it by
each Delegate shall have one vote. Decisions in
the Commander of tbat Zone (acting on behalf of
the Assembly shall be taken by a majority of the
his Government), in agreement with the claimant . ; votes cast.
Signatory Government or Governments, without
Article 7. Appeal/rom Decisions 0/ the ASllembly.
prejudice, however, to the settlement of such queS
A. When the Assembly has not agreed to.a claim
tions by the Signatory Governments concerned
presented bya Delegate that an item should be
either by agreement or arbitration.
allocated to his Government, the Assembly shall, at
Article '3. Internal Organization 0/ the Agency.
the request of that Delegate and within the time
limit prescribed by the Assembly, refer the ques
A. The organs of. the Agency shall be the As
tion to arbitration. Such reference shall suspend
sembly and the Secretariat.
the effect of the decision of the Assembly on that
B. The Assembly shall consist of the Delegates
item.
and shall be presided over by the President of the
I ion
�l20
-. B. The Delegat~s of the Governments claiming
an item referred to arbitration under paragraph
A. above shall select an A,i'bitrator from among
the other Delegates. If agreement cannot be
reached upon the selection of an Arbitrawr, the
United States Delegate shall either act as Arbi
trator or appoint. as Arbitrator another Delegate
from among the Delegates whose Governments are
not claiming the item. If the United States Gov
ernment is one of the claimant Governments, the
President of the Agency shall appoint 'as Arbitra- .
tor a Delegate whose Governmellt is not Il:claimant
Government.
Article 8.Powerll 0/ the Arbitrator.
When the question of the allocation of any item
is referred to arbitra.tion under Article 7 of Part
II of this Agreement, the Arbitrator shall have
authority to make final allocation of the item
among the claimant Governments. The Arbitrator
may, at his discretion, refer the item to the Secre
tariat for further study. He may also, at his dis
cretion, require the Secretariat to resubinit the item
to the Assembly.
. Article 9. Expensell.
A. Th~ salaries and expenses of the Delegates
. and of their staffs shall be paid by their own Gov
ernments.
B. The common expenses of the Agency shall be
met from the funds of the Agency. For the first
two years from the date of the .establishment of
the Agency, these funds shall be contributed in
proportion to the percentage shares of the Signa
tory Governments in Category Band ther!'lafter in
proportion to their percentage shares in Category
A.
C. Each Signatory Government shall contribute
its share in the .budget of the Agency for e~ch
budgetary period (as determined by the Assem
bly) at the beginning of that period; provided that
each Government shall, when this Agreement is
signed on its behalf, contribute a sum equivalent
to not less than its Category B percentage share
of £50,000 and shall, within three months there
after, contribute the balance of its share in the
budget of the Agency for the budgetary period in
which this Agreement is· signed on its behalf.
D. All contributions by the Signatory Govern
ments shall be made in Belgian francs or such
other currency or currencies as the Agency may re
quire.
I
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLET'fi
Article 10. J'oting on the Budget.
In considering the budget of the Agency for ant
budgetary periQd, the vote of eacl~ Delegate in th~
Assembly shall be proportional to the share of the
budget for that period payable by his Go"el'll.
ment.
Article 11. Official Languages.
ar
The official languages of the Agency shall k
English and French.
JW
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ta
m
Article 12. Offices 0/ the Agency.
The seat of the Agency shall be in Brussels. The
Agency shall maintain liaison offices·in such other
places as the Assembly, after obtaining the nec
essary consent.s, may dp.cidE'.
al
to
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of
G·
Article 13. Withdrau,al.
W:
Any Signatory Government, other than a Go\'
ernment which is responsible for the control of
a part of German territory, may withdraw from
the Agency after written notice to the Secretal'int.
of
(t
It
be
Article 14. Amen4ments and Termination.
This Part II of the Agreement can be ameudell
or the Agency terminated by a decision in the As
sembly of the majority of the Delegates voting.
provided that the Delegates forming the majority
represent Governments whose shares consti tute col
lectively not less than 80 per cent of the aggl'egate
of the percentage shares in Category A.
Pi
D
Article 15. Legal Capacity. Immunities and Privileges.
K
til
The Agency shall enjoy in the territory of en('11
Signatory Government such legal.capacity ;lnll
such privileges, immunities and facilities, as mJl~'
be necessary for the exercise of its functions and
the fulfilment of its purposes. The representatives
of the Signatory Governments and the officials
of. the Agency shall enjoy such privileges and
immunities as are necessary for the independent
exercise of their functions in connection with tbe
Agency.
Part III
Restitution of Monetary Gold
Single Article.
A. All the monetary gold found in Germany by
the Allied Forces and that referred to in para
graph G below (including gold coins, except those
of numismatic or historical value, which shall be
Sl
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·A
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'"
~
�,121
j..f-"VARY 27, 1946
'~lon~d directly i~ identifiable) shall be pooled
n" ,Iistribution as restitution among the countries
{III
" h'
'Irtiriputing in the pool m proportIOn to t elr
:~:."pt.dh·e losses of gold through looting or by
wl'urwful removal to Germany.
"
B. 'Vithout prejudice to claims by way of rep
'11':11 ion for unrestored gold, the portion of mone
;:11',\' gold thus accruing to each country partici
p;!1 illgin the J?ool s~all be accep~ed by tl~at coun
IJ'\' ill full satIsfactIOn of all claIms agamst Ger1II;IIlY for restitution of monetary gold.
C, .A proportional share of the gold shall be'
allocated toeach country concerned which adheres
to this arrangement fot· the restitution of monetary
{Told and which can esfablish that a definite !tmount
~f IIwuetary gold belonging to it was looted by
C;"l'IlUlllY or, at any time after March 12th, 1938,
WHS wrongfully removed into German territory.
V, The question of the eventmil participation
of l'oulltries not represented at the Conference
(other than Germany but includin:g Austria and
Italy) in the above-mentioned distribution shall
hi' l'eserved, and the equivalent of the total shares
which these countries would receive, if they were
, ('\'cutually admitted t~ participate, shall beset
a~i(le to be disposed of at a later date' in such man
lier liS may be decided by the Allied Governments
i:ulJcerned.
'
E. The various countries participating in the
pool shall supply to the Governments of the
(;Ilited States of America, France and the United
Kingdom, as the occupying Powers concerned, de
tailed and verifiable data regarding the gold losses
suffered through looting by, or removal to,
Germany.
'
F. The Governments of the United States of
.\.Illerica, France and the United Kingdom shall
take appropriate steps within the Zones of Ger
many occupied by them respectively to implement
distribution in accordance with the foregoing pro
visions.
G. Any monetary gold which may be recovered
from a third country to which it was transferred
. from Germany shall be distributed in accordance
with this arrangement fot' the restitution of mone
tary gold.
Part IV
Entry into Force and Signature.
Article l. Entry into Force.
This Agreement shall be open for signature on
behalf of any Government represented at the Paris
COliference on Reparation. As soon as it has been
signed on be~alf of Governments collectively enti
tled to not less than 80 per cent of the aggregate of
shares in Category A of German reparation, it,
shall come into force among such Signatory Gov
ernments. The Agreement shall thereafter be in
force among such Governments and those Govern
ments on whose behalf it is subsequently signed.
Article 2. Signat~re.
The signature of each contracting GO\'ernment
shall be deemed to mean that the effect of the pres
ent Agreement extends to the colonies and overseas
. territories 6f such Government, and to territories
under its protection of sllzerainty or over which
it at present exercises a mandate.
In witness whereof, the undersigned, duly au
thorized by their respective Governments, have
signed in Paris the present Agreement, in the Eng
lishand French languages, the two texts being
equally authentic, in a single original, which shall
be deposited in the Archives of the Government of
The French Republic, a certified copy thereof being
furnished by that Government to each Signatory
Government.
_________ for the Goyernm~nt of ________ _
194
_____ for the Government of ________ _
194 .
UNANIMOUS RESOLUTIONS BY THE CONFERENCE
The Conference has also unanimously agreed to
include the following Resolution~ in the Final
Act:
1. German Assets in the Neutral Countries.
The Confer~nce unanimously resolves that the
countries which remained neutral in the war
against Germany should be prevailed upon by all
suitable means to recognize the reasons of justice
and of international security policy which moti
vate the Powers exercising supreme authority in
Germany and the other Powers participating in
this Conference in their efforts to extirpate the
German holdings in the neutral countries.
.
2; Gold transfered to the Neutral Countries.
The Conference unanimously resolves that, in
conforinity with the . policy expressed by the
United Nation~ De~laration Against Axis Acts of
Dispossession of January 5th, 1943 and the United
Nations Declaration on Gold of February 22nd,
�122
/
1944, the countries which remained neutral in the
war against Germany be prevailed upon to make
available for distribution in accordance with Part
III of the foregoing Agreement all looted gold
transferred into th~ir territories from Germany.
3. Equality of Treatment regarding Compensation
for War Damage..
The Conference unanimously resolves that, in
the administration of reconstruction or compensa
tiOI~ benefits for war damage to property, the treat
ment accorded by each Signatory Government to
physical persons who are nationals and to legal
persons who are nationals of or are owned by na
tionals of any other Signatory Government, so far
as they have not been compensated after the war
for the same property under any other form or
on any other occasion. shall be in principle not
less favourable than that which the Signatory
Government accords to its own nationals. In view
of the fact that there are many special problems
of reciprocity related to this principle, it is recog
nized that in certain cases the actual implementa
tion of the principle cannot be achIeved except
through special ag'reements between Signatory
Governments.
Referenoe to the Antteal to the Final Aot.
During the course of the Conference, statements
were made by certain Delegates, in the terms set
out in the attached Annex, concerning matters not
within the competence of the Conference but hav
ing a close relation with its work. The Delegates
whose Governments are represented on the Control
Council for Germany undertook to bring those
statements to the notice of their respective Gov e
ernments.
In witness whereof, the undersigned have signed
the present Final Act of the Paris Conference on
Reparation.
Done in Paris on December 21, 1945, in the Eng
'lish and French languages, the two texts being
equally authentic, in a single original, which shall
be deposited in the Archives of the Government
of the French Republic, certified copies 'thereof,
being furnished by that Government to all the
Governments represented at that Conference.
------- _____ Delegate of the
Government of _________ _
------------ Delegate of the
Government of _________ _
DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETIN
ANNEX.
1. Resolution on the subject of Restitution.
The Albanian, Belgian, Czechoslovak, Danish.
French, Greek, Indian, Luxembourg, N etherlalld~
and Yugoslav Delegates agree to accept as the
basis of a restitution policy the following IJl'in:
ciples:
(a) The question of the restitution of propel't\·
removed by the Germans from the Allied countl'i~
must be examined in all cases in the light of the
-United Nations Declaration of January 5th, 1O.t3.
(0) In general, restitution should be confined to
identifiable g~ds which (i) existed at the til\l~
of occupation of the country concerned, and were.
removed with or without payment; .(ii) were pro
duced during the occupation and obtained by an
act of force.
"
(c) In cases where articles removed by the en
emy cannot be identified, the claim for replace
ment should be part of the general reparation
claim of the country concerned.
(d) As an exception to the above principles,
objects (including books, manuscripts and docu
ments) of an artistic, historical, scientific (exclud
ing equipment of an industrial character), educa
tional or religious character which have been
looted by the enemy occupying Power shall, so far
as possible, be replaced by equivalent objects if
they are not restored.
(e) With respect to the restitution of looted
goods which were produced during the occupation
and which are still in the hands of German con
cerns or residents of Germany, the burden of proof
of the original ownership of the goods shall rest
on the claimants and the burden of proof that the
goods were acquired by it regular contract shall
rest on .the holders.
(I) All necessary facilities under the auspices of
tbe Commanders-in-Chief of the occupied Zones
shall be given to the Allied States to send expert
missions into Germany to search for looted prop'
erty and to identify, store and remove it to its
country of origin.,
(g) German holders of looted property shall be
compelled to declare it to the control authorities; .
stringent penalties shall be attached to infractions
of this obligation.
2. Resolution on Reparation from Existing Stocks
and Current Production.
The Delegates of Alba.nia,
Belgium~
Czechoslo·
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�JANUARY 27. 1946
:1'i
>je:
,"lIkia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, India,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Yugo
slavia,
.
In view of the decision of the Crimea Conference
that Germany shall make compensation to the
(J'reatest possible extent for the losses and suffering
~'hich she has inflicted on the United N~tiolls,
Considering that it will not be possible to"satisfy
the diverse needs of the Governments entitled to
I'l'pllnltion unless the assets to be allocated are suffi
eil'lItIy varied in nature and the methods of alloca
tion are sufficiently flexible, " "
Express the hope that no category of economic
I'l'~ources in excess of Germany's requirements as
tlefilled in Part III, article 15 of the Potsdam Dec
lurution,due account being taken of article 19 of
the same Part, shall in principle be excluded from
the assets, the sum total of which should serve to
meet the reparation claims of the Signatory Gov
el'nments.
It thus follows' that certain special needs of dif
fel'ent countries willl10t be met without recourse,
in particular, to German existing stocks, current
production and services, as well as Soviet recipro
cal deliveries under Part IV of the Potsdam Dec
luration,
It goes without saying that the foregoing,shull
be without prejudice to the necessity of achieving
the economic disarmament of Germany.
The above-named Delegates would therefore
deem it of advantage were the Control Council to.
furnish the Inter-Allied Reparation Agency with
lists of existing stocks, goods from current pro
duction and services, as such stocks, goods or serv
ices become available as reparation. The Agency
:::hould, at all times, be ina position to advise the
Control Council of the special needs of the differ
ent Signatory Governments.
3. Resolut~on regarding Property in Germany
belonging to United Nations or their nationals ..
The Delegates of Albania, Belgium, Czechoslo
vakia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, the Nether
lands, Norway and Yugoslavia, taking into ac
count the fact that the burden of reparation should
fall on the German people; recommend that the
following rules be observed regarding the alloca
tion as reparation of property (other than ships)
situated in Germany:
(a) To determine the proportion of German
property available as reparation, account shall be
taken of the sum total of property actually~onsti-
"123
tuting the German economy, including assets be
longing to a"United Nation or to Its nationals, but
excluding looted property, which is to be restored.
(h) In general, property belonging legitimately
to a United Nation or to its nationals, whether
wholly oW!led or in the form of a shareholding of
more than 48 percent, shall so far as possible be
excluded from the part. of German property con
sidered to be available as reparation.
(0) The Control Council shall determine the
cases in which minority shareholdings of a United
Nation or its nationals shall be treated as forming'
part of the property of a German juridical person
and therefore having the same status as that
juridical person.
(d) The foregoing provisions do not in any way
prejudice the removal'ordestruction of concerns
controlled by interests of a United Nation or of its
nationals when "this is necessary for security
reasons.
(e) In cases where an asset which is the legit~
imate property of one of the United Nations or
its nationals has been allocated as reparation, or
destroyed, particularly in "the cases referred to in
paragraphs h, 0, and d above, equitable compensa- .
tion to the extent of the full value of this asset
shall be granted by the Control Council to the
United Nation concerned as"a charge on the Ger
man economy. This compensation shall, when"'
possible, take the form of a shareholding of equal
value in German a:;;sets of a similar character
which have not been allocated as reparation.
(I) In order to ensure that' the property in
Germany of persons declared by one of the United
Nations to be collaborators or traitors shall be
taken from them, the Control Council shilJI give
effect in Germany to legislative. measures and
juridical decisions by courts of the United Nation
concerned in regard to collaborators or traitors
who are nationals of that United Nation or were
nationals of that United Nation at the date of its
occupation or annexation by Germany or entry
into the war. The Control Council shall give to
the Government of such United Nation facilities
to take title to and possession of such assets and
, to dispose of them.
4. Resolution on captured War Materiel.
The Delegates of Albania, Belgium, Denmark,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Czecho
slovakia and Yugoslavia, taking account of the
fact that part of the war materiel seized by the
;I
�124
Allied Armies in Germany is of no use to these
Armies but would, on the other hand, be of use
to other Allied countries recommend:
(a) That, subject to Resolutjon 1 of this Annex
. on the subject of restitution, war material which
was taken in the Western Zones of Germany and
which has neither been put to any use nor destroyed
as being of no value, and' which is not needed by
the Armies of Occupation or is in excess of their
. requirements, shall be put at the disposal of coun
tries which have a right to receive reparation from
.
the Western Zones of Germany, and;
(b) That the competent authorities shall deter
mine ~he available types and quantities of this
materiel and shall submit lists to the Inter-Allied
Reparation Agency, which shall proceed in ac
cordance with the provisions of Part IT of the .
above Agreement.
I
5. Resolution on German Assets in the Julian March
and the Dode~anese.
T·he Delegates of Greece, the United Kingdom
and Yugoslavia (being the Delegates of the coun
tries primarily concerned), agree that:
(a) The German assets in Venezia Giulia (Ju
lianMareh) and in the Dodecanese shall be taken
into custody by the military authorities in occu
pation of those parts of the territory which they
now occupy, until the territorial questions have
.'
been decided; and
(b) As soon as' a decision on the territorial
questions has been reached, the liquidation of.the
assets shall be undertaken in conformity with the
provisions of Paragraph A of Article 6 of Part I
of the foregoing Agreement by ~he countries whose
sovereignty over the disputed territories has been
recognized.
6. Resolution on Costs relating to Goods Delivered
Crom Germany as Reparation.
The Delegates of Albania, Australia, Belgium,
Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, India,
Luxembourg, Norway, New Zealand, the Nether
lands, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, recommend
. that the costs of dismantling, packing, transport
. ing, handling, loading and all other costs of a gen
eral nature relating to goods to be delivered from
Germany as reparation, until the goods in ques
tion bave passed the German frontier,ltnd expendi
ture incurred in Germany for the ac!6ount of the
Inter-Allied Reparation Agency or of the Dele-
DEPA.RTMENT OF STA.TE BULLETIN
gates of the Agency should, in so far as they are
payable in a currency which is legal tender in
Germany, be paid as a charge on the German econ.
omy.
7. Resolution on the Property of War Criminals.
The Delegates of Albania, Belgium, France,
Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia ex
press the view that:
(a) The legislation in force in Germany against
German war criminals should provide for the con
fiscation of the property in Germany of those crim
inals, if it does not do so already;
(b) The property so confiscated, except ,such as
is already available as reparation or restitution.
should be liquidated by the Control Council and the
net proceeds of the liquidation paid to the Inter·
Allied Reparation Agency for division according
to the principles set out in the foregoing Agree·
ment.
8. Resolution on Recourse to the International
Court of Justice.
. The Delegates of Albania, Australia, Belgium,
Denmark, .France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Norway, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia recom·
mend that:
.
;.;
;.
e
h
a
"
fA
11
6:
. OJ
Subject to the provisiollS of Article 3 of Part I
. ]()
.of the foregoing Agreement, the Signatory Gov
,. 'al
ernmen~ agree to have recourse to the Interna·
,'th
tional Court of Justice for the solution of every
." ..
conflict of law or of competence arising out of the' ".: W:,
be
provisions of the foregoing Agreement which has
not been submitted by the parties concerned to
amicable solution or arbitration.
Agriculture in the Americas
The following article gfinterest to readers of
the BULU!lTIN appeared In the. December Issue
of Agriculture in the Amerloa,; a publication of
the Department of Agriculture, copIes of whIch
may' be obtaIned from the SuperIntendent of
Documents, Government PrintIng Office, for 10
cents each:
"BrazU's Sugar Indu8t~Y", by Hubert Maness,
. /lOW assistant agrIcultural economist:. American
Embassy, Chungking, and fonnerl:t-;lctr~n8U1
at Rio de JaneIro.
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Uah hLYlQ'lr\- k
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524
GER~
FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1946, VOLUME V
for light industry must be allowed to vary as time requires. He
stressed that production in light industry must be based on world
markets and, therefore, that amount and type of production may
vary considerably. He also stressed that in the plan it has been as
sumed that the Saar and Ruhr are· an integral· part of Germany;
that, this being a Governmental problem, it could not be raised in
the Control Council, but that, if',boundary or other changes should
be made, the agreed plan wouid have to be modified as it probably
'
would no longer be sound. '
Koeltz stated that French interpretation was that maximum amount
of food imports indefinitely was 1.5 billion reichsmarks (1936 vallie).
He stated that this would be the' French position even if the popula..
tion should exceecl the assumed 66.5 million. He stated that any
population increase could not 'be allowed to affect the· proposed com
mercial balance.
Robertson agreed with Clay's above comments and emphasized
the British contention that a population of over 66.5 million would
require modification of the plan. He asked Sokolovsky for the Rus
sian view on this point, and received the reply that the British worry
on this score is imaginary as Sokolovskybelieves that the population
figure will prove to be under' 66.5 'triillii:m. Robertson stressed t.hat
he could not accept the plan llntil it had been referred to the British
Govt. It was agreed that the provisional acceptance of the plan
would allow the Economic Directorate to proceed.
MURPHY
740.00119 Control (Germany) 12-2446 : Telejtram
The Secretary 01 State to the United State8 Political Adviaer for
with the achievement of our objectives in Germany. In view of the
fOl'Pgoing it appears desirable· that our present policy concerning
politic.nl discussions in Germany should be reviewed as a matter of
urgency."
Your comment<:! would be' appreciated.
BYRNES
~2.::0/3-!l46 : Telegram
The Secretary of /State to the United States Political Adviser lor
Germany (M'Ilirphy)
SECRET
'VASHINGTON, March 12, 194~ p. m.
645. Secretary of War has written letter to me 58 of tenor compar
able to your 602 of Feb 24. He reports Military Govt belief that
unwillingness of "Vestern Powers to take a stand on frontier issne
is giving Soviet Military Govt and Communist Party great propa.
ganda advantage. Letter concludes "It is also reported that it will be
difficult to prevent the spread of this development unless the political
parties in the Western Zone cnn be given license to discuss the above
and similar issues, that to permit a discussion of the French position
'Will no doubt arouse French resentment; and it is believed that t.he
prohibition against political discussions of critical issues interferes
WASmNGTON, March 14, 1946-9 p. m.
667. Our attitude toward French reservation on level of German
dyestuff production as detailed in urtel 729 and 730 69 and by Clay to
War Dept. in CC 1112 of March 8,60 is firm opposition. Dept urges
that you make no concessions to French on pharmaceuticals and dye
stuffs. War Dept sending similar message. We do not regard this
issue as a disarmament issue in any respect.
Dept believes that French desire to use this action to replace Ger.
many in export markets. U.S. policy as stated in Para. 7 of Dec 12,
statement Glis opposed to such action.
French participated with Germn,ns in pre-war dyestuffs cartel.
U;S. is anxious to break the Ge~man cartel but does not wish in doing
so to fost.er a French-controlled world cartel. We are not yet satisfied
with the abrogation of French-German dye-industry arrangement
made during the occupation.
You are authorized to communicate the substance of U.S. views as
~lated in this cable to French representatives in Berlin if necessary.82
Sent to Berlin as 667 repeat to Paris as 1185 and Brussels as 229 for
.1ngeU as 180.
GermAny (Mwrphy)
SECRET
525
BYRNES
740.00119 EW13-1646: Circular telegram
The Secretary 01 State to Oertain Diplomatic Retyre8entatives &
u.s. URGENT
RFBTRICTED
WASHINGTON, March 16, 1946-8 a. m.
Following is substance of JCS directive to Commanders US zones
Both t~legrams dated March 8; pp. 520 and 523, respectively.
.. Not prInted.
.
It Statement by the Department of State on the Reparation Settlement and the
Peacetime Economy of Germany; tor text, see Department of State BfdleUn,
Dt'eember 16, 1945, p. 960.
'
UTelegram 884. March 26. ,11 p. m., from Berlin, reported final acceptance by
the French of the figures previously accepted provIsionally, i.e., productive capac
of 882 million relchsmarks " " . pharmaceuticals, 36,000 tonsfnr "V"!,,t,,"..
11.d T\n,.nt'\?'1f. ,.." 10n('\ ~_. _ for
.
IiO
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GERMANY
.
Germa(' . \ld Austria re restitution to Italy, I:Iungary, Rumania and
Finlana: '.:.:i.id to Austria fronl Gennany which is supplement to out
standing directive re restitution to United Nations.
Pending agreement in Control Council on scope of restitution 4U to
above-named countries US zone commanders instructed to undertake
interim program of restitution to governments of these countries of
specified categories of identifiable property acquired by Germany
through act of force or removed t.o Germany or Austria without com
pensation and removed from Italy between Sept 3, 1943 to .May Hi,
1945; from Hungary between .Tan 20, 1945 and May 15, 1945; from
Rumania between Sept 1:2, 1944 and May 15, 1945; from Finland
between Sept H}, 1944 and May Hi, 1945 and from Austria between
March 12, 1938 and May 15, 1945.115
Following summarizes categories of property covered by directive
(a) whole range of cultural and artistic works, museum collections,
libraries, archives, etc. (Restitution of this category requires only
submission of satisfactory proof of identifiability by claimant Govt
irrespective of circumstances of remova1.) (b) Heavy and power
driven industrial and agriculturnl equipment, communication, power
and transportation equipment, except sea-going vessels (0) other
property (except gold, securities and foreign currencies) found in
storage or bulk form. (Restitution of this cn,tegory need 110t be made
if zone commander considers restitution would jeopardize minimum
requirements German or Austrian economy or require additional US
assistance to Germany or Austria).
,
Zone commander may defer restitution transportation equipment
pending formulation of over-all program so as not to reduce avnilable
transportation below need for purposes of occupation, minimum re
quirements of German and Austrian economy and recommendations
of ECITO.
,
~JJJ7
,
Please deliver to govt to which you are accredited memo
.g
following lines:
L'Pending agreement on sco)?e of restitution among ocCupying
powers of Germany and AustrIa the govt of US' has instructed the
Commanders in Chief of US zones of occupation in Germany and
Austria to undertake an interim program of restitution to the govt
of" (blank) of identifiable property other than gold securities and
currencies removed from (blank) during the period from (blank)
to (blank).
"Accordingly govt of US invites the (blank) govt to submit to
the US govt one or more lists of such property which (blank) govt
has reason to believe may be located in US zones of occupation in
Germa.ny or Austria. These lists should, so far as possible, refer
separately to such property believed to be in Gennany and Austria.
They should further contaIn as much description of property as pos
sible and as may be required to enable occupym~ authorities to identify
property and should include all available mfo as to location of
property.
"Following the receipt of these lists, which may be submitted
m-iu,tim and which may indicate :priorities in the urgency of return,
it is intended, where necessary, to Invite (blank) govt to send a: small
mission to US zones of occupation in Germany and Austria for purpose
of identifying such of the listed property as each of the occupying
authorities may have been able to discover in his zone."
Lists received by mission should be transmitted directly to Murphy
in Germany or Erhardt in Austria for delivery to US military authori~
ties. Please make available to Dept duplicates of any lists forwarded
to Berlin or Vienna. For your info, practice has heen for military
a.uthorities to extend at approprillite time invitation to govts concerned
for missions to proceed to US zone.
BYRNES
140..00119 Control (Germanl')/3-1946: Telegram
.. Under cover of despatch 3224, April 27, Mr. Murphy transmitted the text of
II. paper (CORC/P (46) 143. April 17) agrel?'(l uJlon by the Coordinating Com
mittee, establishing quadripartite procedures for restitution to be observed by
the zonal commanders in each zone in implementing the agreed definition of
restitution. contained in telegram 100, January 19, from Berlin, p. 489. (1olll':!'rn
Ing the eligibility of nations to tile claims, it reads: "::-.r 0 nation sball be eligible
for restitution unlt'ss Its territory wus occupied in whole or in part by the Gel'man
armed forces or the forces of her allles and unless It is a United Nation, or shall
have been specified by the Allied Control ConnciL" (740.00110 EW14-2746)
.. In a circular telegram dated July I, the Department changed the periods
covering restitution of property as follows: "Property in question was taken from
Italy during period of 25 July 1V43 to 15 May 19..1 5; from Hungary during period
15 Oct 1944 to 15 May 1945; from Rumania during period :!3 Aug 1944 to 15 May
1945 and from Finland during periort 2 St'pt 1944 to 1:'1 May 1M!). Perioo for
Austria remains unchanged, l.e., 12 Mar 11)38 to 15 May 19..15." (740.00119·
l<!W/7-146)
Subsequently, as reported in War Department's telegram 87749, December H,
from the .Joint Chiefs of Staff to General McNarney (not printed) ; Bulgaria
and Albania were added to the list of countries eligible for restitution with the
limiting dates September 9, 1944, to May 15, 1945, and July 25, 1943, to May 15,
1945, 'respectively (SWNCQ 204).
The United States PoliticoJ.. Adviser for Germany (Murphy) to the
Secretary of State
BEm:..nr,March 19,1946-10 p. m.·
[Received March 24-8: 41 a. m.]
814. Your 645, March 12, 6 p. m., regarding letter from Secretary of
Wax on political discussions in Germany. It is true in my opinion that
uncerta.inty regarding the Gennan western: settlement, and also French
opposition to central German administrllitive agencies, national trade
unions and national political party activity, provide excellent materill.l
for German left propaganda which is not distasteful to our Soviet
colleagues. This propaganda includes public criticism by Soviet
. sponsored Gennans of the conduct of affairs in the western zones. We,
however, do not wish to be placed in a position of lending approval to
8EXlRET
URGENT
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226
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
4. For the consideration of urgent problems affecting both southern and
northern Korea and for the elaboration of measures establishing permanent
coordination in administrative-economic matters between the United States com
mand in southern Korea and, the Soviet command in northern Korea, a con
ference of' the representatives of the United States and Soviet commands in
Korea shall be convened within a period of two weeks.
(f) Heavy tractors.
(g) Primary aluminum.
(h) Magnesium.
.Ci) Beryllium.
(j) Vanadium produced from Thomas Slags.
(k) Radioactive materials.
(1) Hydrogen peroxide above 50 percent strength.
(m) Specific war chemicals and gases.
(n) Radio transmitting equipment.
Facilities for the production of synthetic gasoline and oil, synthetic ammonia
and synthetic rubber, and ball and taper-roller bearings will be temporarily
retained to meet domestic requirements until the necessary imports are available
and can be paid for.
,
XVIII
PLAN OF THE ALLIED CONTROL COUNCIL FOR REPARATIONS
AND THE LEVEL OF POST·WAR GERMAN ECONOMY
March 26, 19462
The plan for reparations and the level of postwar German economy in
accordance with the Berlin protocol:
1. In accordance with the Berlin protocol the Allied Control Council is to
determine the amount and character of the industrial capital equipment un- ,
necessary for the German peace economy and therefore available for repara~
tions. The guiding principles regarding the plan for reparations and the level
of the post-war Geiman economy, in accordance with the Berlin protocol, are:
(a) Elimination of the German war potential and the industrial disarmament
of Germany.
'
(b) Payment of reparations to the countries which had suffered from
German aggression.
(c) Development of agriculture and peaceful industries.
(d) Maintenance in Germany of average living standards not exceeding the
average standard of living' of European countries (excluding the United King
dom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).
(e) Retention in Germany, after payment of reparations, of sufficient re
'sources to enable her to maintain herself without external assistance.
2. In accordance with these principles, the basic elements of the plan have
been accepted. The assumptions of the plan are:
'
,
(a) That the population of postwar Germany will be 66.5 millions.
(b) That Germany will be treated as a single economic unit.
'
(c) That exports from Germany will be acceptable in the international
markets.
Prohibited Indllstries
1. In order to eliminate Germany's war potential, the production of arms,
ammunition, and implements of war as wen as all types of aircraft and sea
going ships is prohibited and will be prevented.
2. All industrial capital equipment for the production of the following items
is to be eliminated:
(a) Synthetic gasoline and oil.
(b) Synthetic rubber.
(c ) Synthetic ammonia.
( d) Ball and taper-roller bearings.
(e ) Heavy machine tools of certain types.
'The Plan was adopted by the Allied Control Council in Berlin on March 26, 1946 and
released to the press in Berlin March 28, in Washington April 1, 1946. Department of
State, Bulletin, Vol. XIV (1946), pp. 636-639.
227
R!lstricted Indllstries, Metallllrgical Indllstries
1. Steel
( a ) The production capacity of the steel industry to be left in Germany
should be 7,500,000 ingot tons. This figure to be subject to review for further
reduction should this appear necessary. ,
(b) The allowable production of steel in Germany should not exceed 5,800,
000, ingot tons in any future year without the specific approval of the Allied
Control Council, but this figure will be subject to annual review by the Control
Council.
(c) The steel plants to be left in Germany under the above program should,
as far as practicable, be the older ones.
.
'
2. Non-ferrous metals. The annual consumption of non-ferrous metals (in
cluding exports of products containing these metals) is fixed at the following
quantities:
Copper ............................... 140,000 tons
Zinc ................................. 135,000 tons
Lead .......................... : ...... 120,000 tons
Tin ....................."........ ~ . . . . 8,000 tons
Nickel ................................ ' 1,750 tons
Chemical Indllstries
1. Basic chemicals. In the basic-chemical industries there will be retained
40 percent of the 1936 production capacity (measured by sales in 1936 values).
This group includes the following basic chemicals: nitrogen, phosphate, calcium
carbide, sulphuric acid, alkalies, and chlorine. In addition, to obtain the re
quired quantities of fertilizer for agriculture, existing capacity for the produc
tion of nitrogen through the synthetic-ammonia process will be retained until
the necessary imports of nitrogen are available and can be paid for.
2. Other chemicals. Capacity will be retained for the group of other chemical
production in the amount of 70 percent of the 1936 production capacity (meas
ured by sales in 1936 values). This group includes chemicals for building sup
plies, consumer-goods items, plastics, industrial supplies, and other miscel
laneous chemical products.
3. Dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic fibers. In the pharmaceutical
industry there will be retained capacity for the annual production of 80 percent
�.
228
,....~~~
~-
,"-"'"
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of the 1936 production (measured by sales in 1936 values). Capacity will be
retained to produce annually 36,000 tons of dyestUffs and 185,000 tons of
, synthetic fibers.
Machine Manufacturing and Engineering
1. Machine tools. For the machine-tool industry there will be retained 11.4
per~t of 1938 ,?-pacity, with additional restrictions on the type and size of
machme blols which may be produced.
2. Heavy engineering. In the heavy-engineering industries there will be re
tained 3~ percent of 1938 capacity, These industries produce metallurgical
equipment, heavy mining machinery, material-handling plants, heavy power
equipment (boilers and turbines, prime movers, heavy compressors, and turbo.
blowers and turbopumps).
,
3. Other mechanicaf engineering. In other mechanical-engineering industries
there will be retained 50 percent of ,1938 capacity. This group produces con
structional equipment~ textile machinery, consumer-goods eqUipment, engi-'
neering small tools, food-processing equipment, woodworking machines, and
other machines and apparatus.
4. Electroengineermg. In the electroengineering industries there will be
retained 50 percent of 1938 production capacity (based on sales in 1936 values).
Capacity to produce heavy electrical equipment is to be reduced to 30 percent of·
1938 production or 40,000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value). Heavy electrical
equipment is defined as generators and converters, 6,000 kw. and over; high
tenSIOn switch gear; and large transformers, 1,500 leva and over. Electroengi
neering, other than heavy electrical equipment, includes electric lamps and light
fittings, installation materials,electri~ heating and domestic appliances, cables
and wires, telephone and telegraph apparatus, domestic radios, and other elec
trical equipment. Export of specified types of radio receiving sets is forbidden.
Transport Engineering
1. Transportation industry.
(a) In the automotive industry capacity will be retained to' produce annually
80,000 automobiles, including 40,000 passenger cars, 40,000 trucks, and 4,000
light road tractors.
'
(b) Capacity will be retained to produce annually 10,000 motorcycles with
cylinder ~izes between 60 and 250 cc. Production of motorcycles with cylinder
sizes of more than 250 cc. is prohibited.
(c) In the locomotive industry available capacity will be used exclusively
for the repair of the existing stock of locomotives in order to build up a pool of
15,000 locomotives in 1949. A decision will be made later as to the production
of new locomotives after 1949.
(d) Sufficient capacity will be retained to produce annually 30,000 freight
cars, l,350.passenger coaches, and 400 luggage vans.
.
2. Agricultural machinery. To permit maximization of agriculture, capacity
will be retained for an annual production of 10,000 light agricultural tractors.
Existing capacity for the production of other agricultural equipment, estimated
at 80 percent of1938 levels, is to be retained, subject to restrictions on the type
'
and power of the equipment which may be produced.
3. Spare parts. In estimating capacities there will be taken into account the
production of normal quantities of sPare parts for transport and agricultural
machinery.
APPENDIX
229
4. Optics and precision inst'ruments. Capacity will be retained to produce
precision instruments in the value of 340,000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value),
of which 220,000,000 reichsmarks is estimated as required for domestic use
and 120,000,000 reichsmarks for export. A further limitation for this industry
is possible, subject to the recommendation of the Committee for the Liquidation
of German War Potential.
Mining Industries
1. Coal. Until the Control Council otherwise decides, coal production will
be maximized as far as mining supplies and transport will allow. The minimum
. production' is estimated at 155,000,000 tons (hard coal equivalent), including
at leaSt 45,000,000' tons for export. The necessary supplies and services to this
end will be arranged to give the maximum production of coal;
2. Potash. The production of potash is estimated at over 100 percent of the
1938 level.
Electric Power
There' will be retained an installed capacity of 9,000,000 kw.
Cement
Capacity will be retained to produce 8,000,000 tons of cement annually.
Other Industries
1. The estimated levels of the following industries have been calculated as
shown as necessary for the German economy in 1949:
(a) Rubber. 50,000 tons, including 20,000 tons from reclaimed rubber and
30,000 tons from imports.
(b) Pulp, paper, and printing. 2,129,000 tons, based on 26 kg. per head
per annum in 1949 plus 400,000 tons for export.
(c) Textiles and clothing industries. 665,000 tons of fiber, based on 10
kg. per head for 1949 and including 2 kg. for export.
(d) Boots and shoes. 113,000,000 I;airs, based on 1.7 pairs per head in
1949 (figure excludes needs of occupy109 forces).
'
Production may exceed the above estimates in this paragraph (other industries)
unless otherwise determined by the Control Council.
2. BUilding. No level will be determined for 1949. The industry will be
free to develop within the limits of available resources and the licensing system.
3. Building-materials industries (including cement). Existing capacity will
be retained. Production will be in accordance with building licensing and
export requirements.
4. Other unrestricted industries. For the following industries no levels have
been determined for 1949. These industries are free to develop within the
limitations of available resOurces. These industries are as follows:
(a) Furniture and woodwork.
(b) Flat glass, bottle glass, and domestic glass.
(c) Ceramics.
( d) Bicycles.
( e ) Motorbicycles under 60 cc.
(f) Potash.
General Level of Industry
It is estimated that the general effect of the plan is a reduction in the level .
�,cl;'''':''';'''-':~
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(.
230
,.
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
.~' ,.
,.".1,
231
tions held in Austria on November 25, 1945, of an Austrian Government recog
ni%ed by the Four Powers, to redefine the nature and extent of. the authority
of the Austrian Government and of the functions of the Allied Organization
and Forces in Austria and thereby to give effect to Arti~e 14 of the agreement
signed in the European Advisory Commission on July 4, 1945. .
Have agreed as follows:
Article One
. The authority of the Austrian Government shall. extend fully throughout
Austria, subject only to the following reservations:
(A) The Austrian Government and all subordinate Austrian authorities shall
carry out such directions as they may receive from the· Allied Commission.
(B)' In regard to the matters specified in Article 5 below neither the Austrian
Government nor any subordinate Austrian authority shall take action without
the prior written consent of the Allied Commission .
Exports and Imports
• The following agreement has been reached with respect to exports and
unports:
(a) That the value of exports from Germany shall be planned as 3,000,
000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value) for 1949, and that sufficient industrial ca
pacity shall be retained to produce goods to this value and to cover the internal
requirements in Germany 10 accordance with the Potsdam Declaration.
(b) That approved imports will not exceed 3,000,000,000 reichsmarks (1936
value), as compared with 4,200,000,000 reichsmarks in 1936.
(c) That of the total proceeds from exports it is estimated that not more.
than 1,500,000,000 reichsmarks can be utilized to pay for imports of food and
fodder if this will be required, with the understanding that, after all imports
. approved by the Control Council are paid for, any portion of that sum not
needed for food and fodder will be used to pay for costs of occupation, and
services such as transport insurance, etc.
.Determination of Capaciiies AflaiJabJe for Reparations
1.. After the approval of this plan, the existing capacities of the separate:
branches of production shall be determined, and a list of enterprises available
for reparations shall be compiled.
.
2. After decisions have been given on the matters now referred to the co
. ordinating committee, the Economic Directorate would propose to prepare the
final plan embodying these decisions ami including a description of the various
features of the plan, such as: disarmament, reparations, .postwar German
economy, and the German balance of trade.
XIX
"The agreement was approved by the Allied Commission May 24, 1946 for reference to
the four governments for final approval. It was officially sign~ by the four members of
. the Commission on June 28, 1946. Department of State, Bllileltn, Vol. XV (1946), pp.
17'-178.
"'\p
~
APPENDIX
of industry as a whole to a figure about 50 or 55 percent of the prewar level
in 1938 (excluding building and building-materials industries).
ALLIED AGREEMENT ON CONTROL MACHINERY FOR AUSTRIA
June 28, 19461
Preamble
The Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
and the Government of the French Republic (hereinafter called the four
powers):
.
.
In view of the declaration issued at Moscow on November 1, 1943, in the
name of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, whereby the three governments
announced their agreement that Austria should be liberated from German domi.
nation, and declared that they wished to see reestablished a free and independent
Austria, and in view of the subsequent declaration issued at Algiers on Novem.
ber 16, 1943, by the French Committee of National Liberation concerning the
independence of Austria;
ConSidering it necessary, in view of the establishment, as a result of free elec
W"
/.....-'"
.I
Article Two.
( A ) 'J1le Allied Organization in Austria shall consist of: 1. An Allied
. Council, consisting of four high commissioners, one appointed by each of the
Four Powers;
2. An Executive Committee, consisting of one high ranking representative
of each of the high commissioners;
3. Staffs appointed respectively by the Four Powers, the whole organi%a
tion being known as ,the Allied Commission for Austria.
(B) 1. The authority of the Allied Commission in matters affecting Austria
as a whole shall be exercised by the Allied Council of the executive committee
or the staffs appointed by the Four Powers when acting jointly.
2. The high commissioners shall within their respective 2:ones ensure the
execution of the decisions of the Allied Commission and supervise the execution
of the directions of the central Austrian authorities.
3. The high commissioners shall also ensure within their respective zo~es
that the actions of the Austrian Provincial authorities deriving from their
autonomous functions do not conOict with the policy of the Allied Commission.
(C) The Allied Commission shall act only through the Austrian Government
or other appropriate Austrian authorities except:
1. To maintain law and order if the Austrian authorities are unable to do so;
2. ·If the Austrian Government or other appropriate Austrian authorities do
not carry out directions received from the Allied Commission;
3. Where, in the case of any of the subjects detailed in Article Five below,
the Allied Commission acts directly.
.
(D) In the absence of action by the Allied Council, the four several high
commissioners may act independently in their respective zones in any matter
covered by subparagraphs 1 and 2 of subparagraph C of this article and by
Article 5, and 10 any matter in respect of which power is conferred on them
by the agreement to be made under Article 8 subparagraph A of this agreement.
(E) Forces of occupation furnished. by the Four Powers will be stationed in
the respective 2:ones of occupation in Austria and Vienna as defined in the
agreement on zones of occupation in Austria and the .administration .of the City
of Vienna, signed in the European Advisory Commission on Tulv 9, 1945,
�~,~~a-;/ I p'nii~ ~I-;-- L~' -~
/.!~~:":t-
72
~:i;ion
in Germany
r1~tl L{', DaA.JtpLt-~·)
L-U.J:.)
(l1 ~
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tributed much toward making the Germans understand the humane'
characteristics of the American people. Spending much of my time
in Berlin, I became more familiar with the work of its club than with
others, although I appreciated and was grateful for the contribution
\\-hich all made to the accomplishment of our objectives. At one
Christmas season the Berlin club sponsored a community drive
which raised more than $40,000 from the relatively small American .
contingent in Berlin and some of our visi,tors. During the blockade it
published an Operation Vittles cookbook which earned more than
$10,000 in its initial publication. This was a collection of recipes
spiced with the humor of occupation, as for instance the American
who ordered a dry martini and got three (drei). While these funds
were used for general charitable purposes, they were applied largely
to the support of hospitals for the young and to help needy and ailing
children. Supplies were distributed by members of the club, giving
a valuable personal touch to its work. Not enough has been said of
the part played by our American women and children in Germany,
and too much of what was said was devoted to the few who lived
lavishly in the mi~st of poverty. Perhaps as a group we did tend to
live too much together. If so, this did not prevent our women and
children from giving freely of their time to work without stint to
relieve distress. This they did while living in a deficit economy in
which needed articles had to be ordered from the United States, but
they brought the touch of home into. everyday life ..
The spring of 1946 was Significant, too, in that it marked the first
meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers to consider the German
problem. Although the Council had held its initial meeting in London
in September 1945, it had not at that time discussed Germany.
1'-lurphy and I us~d the 1945 occasion to report to Secretary Byrnes
on our program in Germany. I must admit we were more optimistic
then with respect to the possible success of quadripartite government
than was warranted by future events. By the spring of 1946 much of
this optimism had gone.
Shortly after reporting to Secretary Byrnes with General Eisen
hower's approval in October 1945, I had returned to the. United
States to discuss the revision of our policy directive JCS /1067, which
had been modified to some extent by the Potsdam Protocol. There
seemed to be no difference in thinking among the representatives of
u
.•
Military Government Finds Its Place
s-v.o -4&
73
the several departments in Washington charged with its preparation,
and my own suggestions were received with favorable comment.
James Riddleberger, ·of the State Department, headed the drafting
committee and was confident that the revised directive would be in
our ha,nds in a few weeks. Actually it had not materialized in the
spring of 1946, and did not reach us until July 1947. 10
Therefore I believed it was timely to submit a report on the general
situation in Germany together with my recommendations to Secre
tary Byrnes and his advisers in the State Department before the first
Paris meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers. My report was in
letter form and as it apparently did not reach the heads of depart
ments I decided to repeat it, somewhat condensed, by cable. General
McNarney concurred and authorized me to dispatch this cable,
which was submitted in May. Since it was my first comprehensive
review ?f the German problem, I repeat it almost in full: u
Further progress in settlement of German problems requires firm,
definition of economic unity agreed at Potsdam. De-industrialization)
and reparatiOns poliCies are based on treatment of Germany as all
economic unit, which has always been interpreted as fully inclusive
of that part remaining after the aUocation of territory to Poland and
Russia . .If a common economic policy is to be fully implemented in
all zones of Germany, central adm.inistrative agencies are eSSential].
If they cannot be obtained and/or the boundaries of Germany are
. to be changed, the present concept of Potsdam becomes meaningless
After one year of occupation, zones represent air-tight territories
with almost no. free exchange of commodities, persons, and ideas.
Germany now consists of four srnall economic units which can deal
with each other only through treaties, in spite of the fact that 110 olle
unit can be regarded as self-supporting, although British and Russian
zones could become so. Economic unity can be obtained only through
free trade in Germany and a' comnwn policy for foreign trade de
signed to serve Germany as a whole. A common financial policy is
equally essential. Runaway inflation accompanied by economic
paralysis may develop at any moment. Drastic fiscal reforms to
reduce currency and monetary claims, and to deal unth debt struu
ture, are essential at earliest possible date. These can not be obtained
by independent action Of the several zones. Common policies and
nationwide implementation are equally essential for transportation,
:t
�74
G
Decision in Germany
-".....:...~ ..
Military Government Finds Its Place
75
communications, food and agriculture, industry and foretg n trade, if
.make specific provisions for small numbers of miscellaneous peaceful )
economic recovery is to be made possible.
industries, and hence such industries can be removed from the east
I mmediate decisions are imperative that the Rhineland and Ruhr
ern zone without violation of either Potsdam or the level of industry
are to remain within the German political and economic structure
plan. Implementation of the reparations plan should also require a
evellifillternationalized; that the Saar is or is not to be ceded to
cessatwn in the taking of products as reparatiOns until and unless an
France; that the indigenous resources of Germany are to be equally·
import-export balance is obtained. Finally, it must be recognized that
available throughout Germany and where used for exports proceeds
any modification in the boundaries of occupied Germany will reqtdre
are to be available to provide essential imp01ts for all Germany; that
a revision of the program. The loss of the Saar would not require a
zOllal boundaries serve only to delineate areas of occupation and
serious revision. The loss of the Rhineland and the Ruhr wouldre
IIOt as internal barriers for the German people; that central adminis
quire complete revision.
trative agencies either wider a provisional government or to be placed
(Political Structure) It is feasible now to establish concurrently
ullder a provisional government, should be established without delay.
(with the administrative agencies agreed at Potsdam) a provisional
As it now stands, economic integration is becoming less each day,
government to which these agencies would report. We would pro
with Soviet and. French Zones requiring approval for practically
. pose that the initial provisional government would correspond
each item leaving their zones, and with the British and our zones in
. roughly to the Council of Minister Presidents now established in the
. self defense moving in the same direction.
U. S. Zone. A COtfflcil of Minister. Presidents of the States of all four
The post-war level of industry to be left Germany, which serves as
zones would be established with the requisite coordinating com
a basis for reparatiOns, is based on treatment of Germany as an
mittees to supervise the approved cent·ral agencies and to effect co
economiC unit. Its execution under other conditions would be abso on other matters of internal policy. This council would
ordination
lutely impossible as it would leave economic chaos in Germany. It
be charged with the preliminary draft of a constitution to be placee!
would particularly affect the U. S. Zone which has no raw materials
before an elected constitutional convention, tchich would prepare for
and would create a continuing financial liqbility for the United
ratification by the people the future constitution for the GemulIl
States for many years. In the absence of agreements essential to
state, subfect to approval of the Allied Control Authority. We be
economic unity, we have discontinued the dismantling of reparations
lieve the follOWing principles should be fundamental:
plants except those approved for advance deliveries, as further dis
a. Germany should be a federal.state composed of between 9 and
mantling would result in disaster if we are unable to obtain economic
15 states, organized either by economic areas or by traditional
tlllity. If economic unity proves impossible, only those plants in the
political divisions ..Each of these states would be politically
U. S. Zone which were designed solely for production of war muni
autonomous, except for the specific functions c(~ded to the fed-·
tions should be removed. If economic unity is obtained, there is
eral government. Bavaria and Gross Hesse in U. S. Zone teotllel
110 reason why 'the reparations plan should not be implemented
be ideal states. The present amalgamation of North Wuerttellt
promptly. Much pressure is developing to revise the reparations plan
berg and North Baden would be discontinued in favor either
in favor of production for reparations. This ignores the real danger
of two states or of· a combined 'Vuerttemberg-Baden state.
tehich Germany would still present if restored to full industrial
Similar state units have been or could be established ·in the
strength. Much has been written relative to importance of German
other zones.
industry to the recovery of Europe. It is my considered opinion that
it will take from three to five years to bring German industry to the
b. The constitution T1litSt contain the essentials of denwcracy, to
Ieeel now agreed, and that the removal of plants for reparatiOns
wit: All political power must originate with the people and be
purposes has no major bearing on the extentof economic recovery
subject to their control; there must be frequent reference of
durillg this period. Unfortunately, the level of industry plan does not
programs and leadership to popular elections; elections must
�~~:
;·~h~.
•••• ~f.
76
Decision in Germany
Military Government Finds Its Place
77
be held under competitive conditions in which there are at least
as long as the population was German, it was further agreed to
two competing parties; political parties must be democratic in
remove their entire German population. Manifestly, the large popu
character and clearly distinguished from governmental instru
lation in.the Ruhr could not be removed. Its removal would cripple
mentalities; the basic rights of the individual must be preserved
industry in the area. Moreover, it is clear that there is no place avail
by law; government must be exercised through rute of law; and
able to which this populatiof! could be moved. Hence, it is our view
the powers of the federal government must be limited in the
that the political or economic separation of the Ruhr-Rhineland
constitution to those agreed by the several states composing the
u:ould be a world disaster.
federal government. While the constitutions of individual states
We would propose the establishment of a Ruhr Control AuthOrity
need not agree, they must be democratic in 1iuikeup and must
for only the coal and steel industry in the area. This Authority would
provide for some delegation of powers to the county and the
take over ownership and possession of the properties, issuing Class A
community level. The constitutions of the several states must
common stock to those present owners cleared from Nazi associa
proVide for the exercise of all powers reserved to the states and
tions, which would be the only stock entitled to dividends. Control
1I0t given to the federal governnient.
would be exercised through Class B stock in the hands of the Ruhr
COTltrolAuthority composed of such nations.as 111Lly be agreed. The
c. Prior to the writing and adoption of the new constitution, a
proposed authority would operate under existing quadripartite
provisional central government of the type preViously indicated
government until a German government is established and its rela
should be established at the earliest possible date. As soon as
tionship to that government would be specified in the peace treaty .
the central administrative agencies are established they should
.The AuthOrity would have complete control over the volume of pro
tcork directly with state organizations, and zonal organizations
duction and would require such exports as are agreed in the Allied
established by the occupying powers should be dissolved.
Control AuthOrity or specified in the peace settlement. Under this
A special paper on the Ruhr has been presented to the Secretary of
Authority, general management would be left in German hands and
State at his request. It pOints out that Ruhr coal and steel represent
the Authority itself would operate within the political and economic
Germany's chzef assets. Under the present boundary of Germany,
framework of Germany. The creation of the Ruhr and the Rhineland
practically all of its steel and all of its industrial coal come from the
as separate states in ~ federal structure should facilitate the operation
Ruhr. It would be impossible to obtain a balanced export-import
of the Ruhr Control Authority.
program with the removal of the Ruhr. The separation of the Ruhr
In concluding, we are of the view that our proposals herein will
Rhineland area would in itself turn the remainder of Germany into
be generally acceptable to the British. In theory, since they accord
(i pastoral economy. It would particularly afJect the U. S. Zone where
u.:ith Potsdam, they should be acceptable to the Russians, although
industry is largely of the assembly type and can not exist without
in detail many difficulties will arise with the Russian representatives. \
coal and steel from the Ruhr. If it had to pay for this coal and steel
Basically, it is expected that these proposals will be stronglyresi~ted )
-in a separate currency, it would have a continuing deficit for many
; by the French. However, if agreement cannot be obtained alpng
years. Politically, the separation of the Ruhr-Rhineland area would
.- these broad lines in the immediate future, we face a deteriorating i
create permanent political unrest and every patriotiC German citizen
German economy which will create a political unrest favorable to i
.tcould begin now to plan for such political and military alliances as
. the development of communism in Germany and a deterrent to its \
tcould promise some day to return this area to Germany. It violates
democratization. The next winter will be critical under any circum- ;
the principle of self-determination. Facing reality, the United States
stances and a failure to obtain economic unity before the next willter/
agreed to the transfer of certain areas in Germany to Russia, Poland
$Cts in will make -it almost unbearable. The sufJe!ings of the German
alld Czechoslovakia. However, recognizing the impossibility of a
. people will be a serious charge against democracy and will develop
successful incorporation of these areas into the respective countries
a sympathy which may well defeat our other ob;ectives. in Germany.
I
�~\
,
78
Decision in Germany
The British and U. S~ Zones together could, within a few years, be
come self-supporting although food would have to be provided
during this period until industry could be rehabilitated sufficiently
to provide requisite exports to support food imports. Recognizing
fully the political implications of such a merger it is our belief here
t hat even these implications would not. be as serious as the contin
uation of the present air-tight zones. If French and Russian agree
ment to these basic principles cannot be obtained, we would
recommend strongly that the British be approached to determine
their willingness, to combine their zone of occupation with ours.
If the British are willing for this merger to be accomplished, the
French and Russian representatives should be advised that it is our
proposal to effect this merger before winter, even though we would
much prefer to obtain Allied unity in the treatment of Germany as
a tellOle.
This report contained the first proposal for bizonal merger. I had
discussed its substance with Secretary Byrnes in Paris in the spring
of 1946, but the cable itself had somehow been lost in the maze of.
bureaucracy and never reached him. When he returned to Paris
for the next meeting, in July, I pointed out to him the positive nature
of Communist propaganda in Germany and the necessity for an
early public statement of United States policy which would nullify
the effectiveness of the Communi'st appeal. Secretary Byrnes, Sena
tors Connally and Vandenberg, and Mr. Cohen agreed that a state
ment was needed. Byrnes believed it was an announcement of
major import which should be delivered by the Secretary of State
at an appropriate time and place, which pleased me very much.
When Moloto¥ used two Paris conferences to spread Soviet propac
ganda, Byrnes determined that the appropriate place for his state
ment was in Germany. He discussed this with Connally and Vandell~
berg and the lattcr in particular felt strongly that the Secretary
should make the statement in the form of a speech and in Germany
as soon as feasible. As a result September 6 was fixed as the date on
which Byrnes would address an audience composed largely of
occupation personnel, but with key German officials included, in
Shlttgart.
'
.
This was the major development of the occupation so far. Our
Secretary of State came to Germany to announce a constructive
g~\
Military Government Finds Its Place
79
policy which we would follow alone if necessary because we be
lieved it in the interest of all Europe. Byrnes came first to Beilin
by air. His party included Mrs. Byrnes, Senator and Mrs. Connally,
Senator and Mrs. Vandenberg, Mr. H. Freeman Matthews (later
our Ambassador to Sweden), Miss Cassie Connor, private secretary
to Secretary Byrnes and an old friend, and Mr. and Mrs. Frank
(Anne O'Hare) McCormick. Mr. Charles E.Bohlen and Mr. Michael
McDermott of the State Department went directly to Stuttgart. to
check arrangements for the address and for the handling of news
by the large number of correspondents assembled in that city.
Byrnes discussed his speech with me in Berlin. I was impressed
both with its straightforward simplicity and with its constructive
tone. At the time he was conSidering the elimination or at least the
modification of a sentence which read: "As long as an occupation
force is required in Germany, the Army of the United States will be .
a part of that occupation force." I urged him with all the persuasion
at my power not to, change one word because it would be the most
welcome part of his speech, not just in Germany but throughout
Europe. It seemed essential even then to express the determination
of the United States to remain in Europe until stability came to
alleviate the terror which resulted from Communist' expansion.
Byrnes agreed with me but felt that this statement was so important
that it should be cleared with the President. As he was unable to
reach Truman by telephone, he cabled the 'proposed sentence so
that he could be advised if change was felt desirable. No reply was
received, and the statement not only had the desired effect but also
was the first expression by a high American official of our Brm
intent to maintain our position in Europe.
We went from Berlin to Stuttgart on the same evening that Byrnes
arrived in Berlin, using a private train designed for Hitler's use
and heavily armor-plated underneath. While the decoration of the
train was heavy from our point of view, it was luxuriously equipped
to include sunken black marble bathtubs in the private suites pre~
pared for Hitler and his immediate staff. Before we arrived in
Stuttgart I arranged for the four minister-presidents ·of the states
in our zone to call at the train to pay their respects. They remained
for a brief talk with Byrnes, Connally, and Vandenberg, during
which they expressed their appreciation for. American assistance
and for the co~operation of military government in their effort to
�~ lL/J 1'141t
2649
~
(~v
kr=-5l
US
(
Agreement between tM United Statea of America arul other gO'Dernmenta
reapecting reparation to non-repatriable victims of German action.
Signed at Paria June 14, 1940; effective June 14, 1946.
AGREEMENT
ON A PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF A REPARA·
TION SHARE TO NON·REPATRIABLE VICTIMS
OF GERMAN ACTION
lune 14. 1946
@oV~
(T. 1. A. S. 1694)
{N·)
�2650
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES
[61
STAT.
AGREEMENT ON A PLAN FOR ALWCATION OF A REPARA.
TION SHARE TO NON.REPATRIABLE VICTIMS OF GERMAN
ACTION.
PNt.. p. 3171.
DlstrlbutloD of
funds.
Use of assets lor r&
babUltatlon, etc.
PM. P. 3173.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the Final Act of,
the Paris Conference on Reparation, the Governments of the United
States of America, France, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia, in,consultation with the Inter-Governmental Committee
on Refugees, have worked out, in common agreement, the following
plan to aid in the rehabilitation and resettlement of nonrepatriable
victims of German action. In working out this plan' the signatory
Powers have been guided by the intent'of Article 8, and the procedures
outlined below are based on its terms:
In recognition of special and urgent circumstances, the sum of
$25,000,000, having been made available by Allied governments as a
priority on the proceeds of the liquidation of German assets in neutral
countries, is hereby placed at the disposal of the Inter-Governmental
Committee on Refugees or its successor organization for distribution
to appropriate public and private field organizations as soon as they
have submitted practicable programs in accordance with this Agree
ment.
A. It is the unanimous and considered opinion of the Five Powers
that in light of Paragraph H of Article,S of the Paris Agreement on
Reparation, the assets becoming available should be used not for
the compensation of individual victims but for the rehabilitation and
resettlement of persons in eligible classes, and that expenditures on
rehabilitation shall be considered as essential prepatory outlays to
. resettlement. Since all available statistics indicate beyond' any
reasonable doubt that the overwhelming majority of eligible persons
under the provisions of Article 8 are Jewish, all assets except as
specified in Paragraph B below are allocated for the rehabilitation
and resettlement of eligible Jewish victims of Nazi action, among
whom children should receive preferential assistance. Eligible Jewish
victims of Nazi action are either refugees from Germany or Austria
who do not desire to return to these countries, or German and Austrian
Jews now resident in Germany or Austria who desire to emigrate,
or Jews who were nationals or former nationals of previously occupied
countries and who were victims of Nazi concentration camps or ,
concentration camps established by regimes under Nazi influence.
B. The Bum of $2,500,000, amounting to ten percent, arising out of
the $25,000,000 priority on the proceeds of German assets in neutral
countries, ten percent of the proceeds of theUnon-monetary gold",
and five percent of the "heirless flinds" shall be administered by the
Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees or its successor organi
zation through appropriate public and private organizations for the
..
~
�61 STAT.]
r.
(
\.
N
9(
1 \
r
I
MULTlLATERAL-REPARATION-JUNE 14, 1946
2651
rehabilitation and resettlement of the relatively small numbers of
non-Jewish victims of Nazi action who are in need of resettlement.
Eligible non-Jewish victims of Nazi action are refugees from Germany
and Austria who can demonstrate that they were persecuted by the
Nazis for religious, political, or racial reasons and who do not desire
to return, or German and Austrian nationals, similarly persecuted,
who desire to, emigrate.
Avallablllty
O. The Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees funds tor programs. of
or the Director General of the successor organization shall under the
mandate of this Agreement make funds 'available for programs sub
mitted by the appropriate field organizAtions referred to in Paragraphs
A and B above as soon as he has satisfied himself that the programs
are consistent with the foregoing. Only in exceptional circumstances
may the cost of resettlement programs exceed a maXimum ,of $1,000
per adult and $2,500 per child under twelve years of age. The action
of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees or its successor
organization shall be guided by the intent of Article 8 and, by this PoII.. P. 8171.
Agreenlent which is to place into operation as quickly as possible
practicable progtanls of rehabilitation and resettlement submitted by
the appropriate field organizations.
LiquIdation
D. In addition to the $25,000,000, sum the Inter-Governmental ignated BSSOts. of des
Committee on Refugees or its successor organization is hereby author
ized to take title from the, appropriate authorities to all "non
monetary gold" found by the Allies in Germany ,and to take such
steps as may be needed to liquidate these assets as promptly as
possible, due consideration being given to secure the highest possible
realizable value. As these assets are liquidated, the funds shall be
distributed in accordance with, Paragraphs A and B above.
AvailabIlity
E. Furthermore, pursuant to Paragraphs C and E of Article 8, in "heirless funds." of
the interest of justice, the French Government on behalf of the Five PM, pp. 3172, 3113.
Governments concluding this Agreement, are making representations ,
, to the neutral Powers to m8ike available all assets of victims of Nazi
action who died without heirs. The Governments of the United
States of America, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, and Yugo
slavia are associating themselves with the French Government in
making such representations to the neutral Powers. The con~lusion
that ninety-fivepercent of the "heirless funds" thus made available
should be a.llocated for the rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish
victims takes cognizance of the fact that these funds are overwhelm
ingly Jewish in origin, and the five percent made available for non-'
Jewish victims is based upon a liberal presumption of "heirless"
funds" non Jewish in origin. The "heirless funds" to be used for the
rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims of Nazi action
should be' made available to appropriate field organizations. The
"heirless funds" to be used for the rehabili~ation and resettlement of
non-Jewish victims of Nazi action should be made available to the
.Inter-Governmental Committee, on Refugees or its successor organi
zation for distribution to appropriate public and private field organi
zations. In 'making these joint representations, the signatories are
�2652
Retention
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES (61
an d
tlansfer of CQlroIlcy.
Letter of InstnJo
tlon to Director.
Authentlo texts.
: :'
(
STAT.
requesting the neutral countries to take all necessary action to facili
tate the identification, collection, and distribution of these asset.c3
which have arisen out of a unique condition in international law and
morality. H further representations are indicated the government.c3
of the United States of America, France, and the United Kingdom
will pursue the matter on behalf of the Signatory Powers.
.
F. To insure that all funds made available shall inure to the greatest
possible benefit of the victiIns whom it is desired to asSist,· all funds
shall be retained in the currency from which they arise and shall be
transferred therefrom only upon the instructions of the organization
to which the Inter.Qovernm~tal Committee on Refugees or its
successor organization has allocated the funds for expenditure.
G.The Director of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees
shall carry out his responsibilities to the Five Governments in respect
of this Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Letter of
Instruction which is being transmitted to him by' the French Gov
ernment on behalf of the Governments concluding this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned have signed the present
Agreement.
Done in Paris on the 14th of June, 1946, in the English and French
Languages, the two texts being equally authentic, in a single original,
which shall be deposited in the Archives of the Government of the
French Republic, certified copies thereof being fui:nished by that
Government to the signatories of this present Agreement.
Delegate of the United States
of America,
Delegate of Czechoslovakia,
J. V.
ELI GINZBEBG.
Delegate of France,
KLVANA.
Delegate of Yugoslavia,
M. D. JAKSIC.
PHILIPPE PEBIEB
Delegate of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain & Northern Ireland,
DOUGLAS MACKILLOP.
POUR COPIE CERTIFrEE CONFORME:
Le MIDlstre PI6uJpotentialre
Chef do Service du Protocole.
JACQUES DUMAINE.
�11 STAT.
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MULTlLATERAL-BEPARATION-JUNE 14, 1946
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ANNEX TO THE AGREEMENT ON A PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF A
REPARATION SHARE TO NON.REPATRIABLE VICTIMS OF GERMAN
ACTION
DECLARATION BY THE CZECHOSLOVAK AND YUGOSLAV DELEGATES
In accepting the phrasing of P~agraph E of the Agreement, the
Czechoslovak arid Yugoslav Delegates have declared that the Repub
lic of Czechoslovakia and the Republic of Yugoslavia have not by
so accepting, given up their claim to the forthcoming inheritances
mentioned therein which, according to the provisions of international
law, belong to their respective States.
PARIS, 14th J'U'M, 194.6.
The Czechoslovak Delegate:
The Yugoslav Delegate:
J. V. KLVANA
M. D. JAKSIC
2653
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
of industry as a whole to a figure. about 50 or 55 percent of the prewar level
in 1938 (excluding building and building-materials industries),
.
ExporJs and ImporJs
• The following agreement has been reached with respect to exports and
~~rts: .
.
(a) That the value of exports from Germany shall be planned as 3,000,
. 000,000 reichsmarks (1936 value) for 1949, and that sufficient industrial ca
pacity shall be retained to produce goods to this value and to cover the internal
requICements in Germany In accordance with the Potsdam Declaration,
(b) That approved imports will not exceed 3,000,000,000 reichsmarks (1936
value), as compared with 4,200,000,000 reichsmarks in 1936,
(c) That of the total proceeds from exports it is estimated that not more .
than 1,500,000,000 reichsmarks can be utilized to pay for imports of food and
fodder if this will be required, with the understanding that, after all imports
approved by the Control Council are paid for, any portion of that sum not
needed for food and fodder will be used to pay for costs of occupation, and
services such as transport insurance, etc.
DeJerminlllion .of CapaciJies .lfflai/able for ReparilJions
1.. After the approval of. this plan, the existing capacities of the separate
branches of production shall be determined, and a li~t of enterprises available
for reparations shall be compiled.
.
.
2. After decisions have been given on the matters now referred to the co
. ordinating committee, the Economic Directorate would propose to prepare the
final plan embodying these decisions an(f including a description of the various
features of the plan, such as: disarmament, reparations, postwar German
economy, and the German balance of trade.
XIX
ALLIED AGREEMENT ON CONTROL MACHINERY FOR AUSTRIA
June 28, 19461
Preamble
The Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
and the Government of the French Republic (hereinafter called the four
powers) :
In view of the declaration issued at Moscow on November I, 1943, in the
name of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, whereby the three governments
announced their agreement that Austria should be liberated from German domi
nation, and declared that they wished to see reestablished a free and independent
Austria, and in view of the subsequent declaration issued at Algiers on Novem
ber 16, 1943, by the French Committee of National Liberation concerning the
independence of Austria;
Considering it necessary, in view of the establishment, as a result of free elec
'The agreement was approved by the Allied Commission May 24, 1946 for reference to
the four governments for final approval. It was officially signed by the four members of
. the Commission on June 28. 1946. Department of State, Bu//elin, Vol. XV (1946), pp.
175-178.
/ .....S<oto..{,.
.
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APPENDIX
2~1
.
tions held in Austria on November 25, 1945, of an Austrian Government recog
nized by the Four Powers, to redefine the nature and extent of· the authority
of the Austrian Government and of the functions of the Allied Organization
and Forces in Austria and thereby to give effect to Article 14 of the agreement
signed in the European Advisory Commission on July 4, 194',
Have agreed as follows:
Article One
The authority of the Austrian Government shall. extend fully throughout
Austria., subject only to the following reservations:
(A) The Austrian Government and all subordinate Austrian authorities shall
carry out such directions as they may receive from the Allied Commission.
(B) In regard to the matters specified in Article 5 below neither the Austrian
Government nor any subordinate Austrian authority shall take action without
the prior written consent of the Allied Commission.
Article Two
(A) 'Qte Allied Organization in Austria shall consist of: 1. An Allied
Council, consisting of four high commissioners. one appointed by each of the
Four Powers;
2. An Executive Committee. consisting of one high ranking representative
of each of the high commissioners;
3. Staffs ap~inted respectively by the Four Powers, the whole organiza
tion being known as the Allied Commission for Austria.
(B) 1. The authority of the Allied Commission in matters affecting Austria
as a whole shall be exercised by the Allied Council of the executive committee
or the staffs appointed by the Four Powers when acting jointly.
2. The high commissioners shall within their respective zones ensure the
execution of the decisions of the Allied Commission and supervise the execution
of the directions of the central Austrian authorities.
3. The high commissioners shall also ensure within their respective zones
that the actions of the Austrian Provincial authorities deriving from their
autonomous functions do not conflict with the policy of the Allied Commission.
(C) The Allied Commissiori shall act only through the Austrian Government
or other appropriate Austrian authorities except:
1. To maintain law and order if the Austrian authorities are unable to do so;
2, If the Austrian Government or other appropriate Austrian authorities do
not carry out directions received from the Allied Commission;
.
3. Where, in the case of any of the subjects detailed in Article Five below.
the Allied Commission acts directly.
(D) In the absence of action by the Allied Council, the four several high
commissioners may act independently in their respective zones in any matter
covered by subparagraphs 1 and 2 of subparagraph C of this article and by
Article 5, and in any matter in respect of which power is conferred on them
by the agreement to be made under Article 8 subparagraph A of this agreement.
(E) Forces of occupation furnished by the Four Powers will be stationed in
the respective zones of occupation in Austria and Vienna as defined in the
agreement on .zones ?f occupation in Austr!a and the a~n:inistration of the City
of Vienna, sllwed 10 the European Advlsorv CommISSion on Tutv Q. 1 ()4~
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AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
Decisions of the Allied Council which requires implementation by the forces of
occupation will be implemented by the latter in accordance with instructions
from their respective high commissioners.
6. The control of travel into and out of Austria until Austrian travel controls
can be established.
7 (a). The tracing, arrest and handing over of any person wanted by one
of the Four Powers or by the International Court for War Crimes and Crimes
Against Humanity.
(b). The tracing, arrest and handing over of any person wanted by other
United Nations for the crimes specified in the preceding paragraph and included'
in the lists of the United Natlons Commission for War Crimes.
The Austrian Government will remain. competent to try any other person
accused of such crimes and coming within its jurisdiction subject to the Allied
Council's right of control over prosecution and punishment for such crimes.
Article Three
The primary tasks of the Allied Commission for Austria shall be:
(A) To ensure the enforcement in Austria of the provisions of the Declara
tion on the.Defeat of Germany signed at Berlin on June S, 1945.
(B) To complete the separation of Austria from Germany, and to maintain
the independent existence and integrity of the Austrian State, and pending the
final definition of its frontiers to ensure respect for them as they were on
December 31, 1937;
(C) To assist the Austrian Government to recreate a sound and democratic
national life based on an efficient administration, stable economic and financial
conditions and respect for law and order;
_
(D) To assist the freely elected government of Austria to assume as quickly
as possible full control of the affairs of state in Austria.
(E) To ensure the institution of a progressive long-term educational program
designed to eradicate all traces of Nui ideology and to instill into Austrian
youth democratic principles.
Article Four
(A) In order to facilitate the full exercises of the Austrian Government's au- .
thority equally in all :tones and to promote the economic unity of Austria, the
,Allied Council will from the date 'Of signature of this agreement ensure the
removal of all remaining restrictions on the movement within Austria of per
sons, goods, or other traffic, except such as may be specifically prescribed- by
the Allied Council or required in frontier areas for the maintenance of effective
control of international movements. The zonal boundaries will then have no
other effect than as boundaries of the spheres of authority and responsibility
of the respective high commissioners and the location of occupation troops.
(B) The Austrian . Government may organize a customs and frontier ad
ministration, and the Allied Commission will take steps as sOon as practicable
to transfer to it customs and travel control functions concerning Austria which
do not interfere with the military needs of the occupation forces.
Article Five
The following are the matters in regard to which the Allied Commission may
act directly as provided in Article 2 (C) 3 above: 1. Demilitarization and
disarmament (military, economic, industrial, technical and scientific).
2. The protection and security of the Allied Forces in Austria, and the ful
fillment oftheir military needs in accordance with the agreement to be negotiated
under Article 8 (A).
3. The protection, care and restitution of property belonging to the govero
ments of any of the United Nations Or their nationals.
4. The disposal of German property in 8.ccordance with the existing agree
ments between the Allies.
S. The early evacuation of, and exercise of judicial authority over prisoners
of war and displaced persons.
Article Six
(A) All legislative measures, as defined by the Allied Council, and interna
tional.agreements which the Austrian Government wishes to make except agree
ments with one of the Four Powers, shall, before they take effect or are pub
lished in the State Gazette be submitted by the Austrian Government to the
Allied Council. In the case of constitutional laws, the written approval of the
Allied Council is required, before any such law may be publishe<l and put into
'e~ect. In the case of all other legislative measures and international agreements
ie may be assumed that the Allied Council' has given its approval if within
thirty-one days of the time of receipt by the Allied Co~ssion it has 'not in
formed the Austrian Government that it objects to a legislative measure or an
international agreement. Such legislative measure Or international agreement
may then be published and put into effect. The Austrian Government will in
form the Allied Council of all international agreements entered mto with one
.
'
or more of the Four Powers.
(B) The Allied Council may at any time inform the Austrian Government or
the appropriate Austrian authority of its disapproval of any, of the legislative
measures or administrative actions of the Government or of such authority, and
may direct that the action in question shall be cancelled or amended.
Article Seven
The Austrian Government is free to establish diplomatic and consular rela
tions with the Governments of the United Nations. The establishment of diplo
matic and consular relations with other governments shall be subject to the prior
approval of the Allied Council. Diplomatic missions in Vienna shall have the
C1ght to communicate directly with the Allied Council. Military missions ac
credited to the Allied Council shall be withdrawn as soon as their respective
governments establish diplomatic relations with the Austrian Government, and
in any case' within two months of the signature of this agreement.
Article Eight
(A) A further agreement between the Four Powers shall be drawn up and
communicated to the Austrian Government as soon as possible and within three
months of this day's date defining the immunities of the members of the Allied
, Commission and of the forces in Austria of the Four Powers and the rights
they shall enjoy to ensure their security and protection and the fu.Uillment of
their military needs.
(B) Pending the conclusion of the further agreement required by Article 8(A)
�,~
234
~'"
~~\
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX
. the existing rights and immunities of members of the Allied Commission
and of the forces in Austria of the Four Powers, deriving either from the
Declaration on the Defeat of Germany or from the powers of a Commander-in
Otief in the field, shall remain unimpaired.
Article Twelve
The decisions of the Allied Council. Executive Committee, and other con
stituted bodies of the Allied Commission shall be unanimous.
The Chairmanship of the Allied Council, Executive Committee and direc
torates shall be held in rotation.
.
Article Nine
(A) Members of the Allied Council, the Executive Committee and other
staffs appointed by each of the Four Powers as part of the Allied Commission
may either be civilian or military.
.
(B) Each of the Four Powers may appoint as its High Commissioner either
the Commander-in-Chief of its forces m Austria or its diplomatic or political
representative in Austria or such other official as it may care to nominate.
(C) Each High Commissioner may appoint a deputy to act for him in his
absence.
. (D) A High Commissioner may be assisted in the Allied Council by a political
adviser and/or a military adviser who may be respectively the diplomatic or
political represen~tive of his government in Vienna or the Commander-inOllef of the forces in Austria of his government.
.
(E) The Allied Council shall meet at l~ twice in each month or at the
request of any member.
Article Ten
(A) Members· of the Executive Committee, shall. when necessary, attend
meetings of the Allied Council.
(B) The Executive Committee shall· act on behalf of the Allied Council in
matters delegated to it by the Council.
(C) The Executive Committee shall ensure that the decisions of the Allied
Council and its own decisions are carried out.
.
(D) The· Executive Committee shall coordinate the activities of the staffs
of the Allied Commission.
Article Eleven
(A) The staffs of the Allied Commission in Vienna shall be organized in
divisions matching one or more of the Austrian Ministries or departments with
the addition of certain divisions not corresponding to any AustrIan Ministry or
department. The list of divisions is given in Annex 1 to this agreement; this
organization may be changed at any time by the Allied Council.
(B) The divisions shall maintain contact with the appropriate departments
of the Austrian Government and shall take such action and issue such direc
tions as are within the policy approved by the Allied Council or the Ex;ecutive
Committee.
(C) The divisions shall report as necessary to the Executive Committee.
(D) At the head of each division there shall be four directors, one from
each of the Four. Powers, to be collectively known as the Directorate of that
division. Directors of divisions or their representatives may attend meetings of
the Allied Council or of the EXeCutive Committee in which matters affecting the
work of their divisions are being discussed. The four officials acting as the head
of each division may appoint such temporary subcommittees as they deem
desirable.
.
235
Article Thirteen
The existing Inter-Allied Command in Vienna, formerly known as the Kom
mandaJIJra, shall continue to act as the instrument of the Allied Commission for
affairs concerning Vienna as a whole until its functions in connection with civil
administration can be handed over to the Vienna Municipality. These will be
handed over progressively and as rapidly as possible. The form of supervision
which will then be applied will be decided 6r the Allied Council. Meanwhile
the Vienna Inter-Alliea Command shall have the same relation to the municifal
administration of Vienria as the Allied Commission has to the AustrIan
Government.
Article Fourteen
The present agreement shall come into operation as from this day's date and
shall remain in force until it is revised or abrogated by agreement between the
Four Powers. On the coming into effect of the present agreement the agreement
signed in the European Advisory COmmiSsion on July 4, 1945. shall be &bra-·
gated. The Four Powers shall consult together not more than six months from
this day's date with a view to its revision.
In witness whereOf the present agreement has been signed on behalf of each
of the Four Powers by its High Commissioner in Austria.
.
Done this 28th day of June 1946 at Vienna in quadruplicate in English,
French, and in· Russian. each text being equally authentic. A translation into
German shall be agreed between the four High Commissioners and communi
cated by them as soon as possible to the Austrian Governinent.
XX
SHIPMENTS OF CIVILIAN SUPPLIES BY THE
UNITED STATES ARMYI
'The tables on the following pages were obtained from the War Department. Table A
shows cumulative U. S. shipments of civilian supplies to all areas through February 1946.
Table B shows cumulative U. S. shipments of civilian supplies to European areas through
:H January 1946, broken down by commodities and by theaters of destination. And Table
C shows U. S. civilian supply shipments to European areas, monthly, through ;1 January
1946. Figures of shipments from the United States, of course, are not a completely re
liable indication of overseas issues, since they do not re1lect the occasional diversion of
supplies upon arrival overSeaS, supplies shipped to theaters from other countries, or any'
indigenous supplies issued for relief purposes. Table D contains recent available .6gures
on civilian supply issues in the European Theater from all sources and is cumulative
through ;0 September 1945.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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2954 folders
Text
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Paper
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Fallon, Colin [Docs from H. Junz's Rest. Paper] [1]
Creator
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
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Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
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9/19/2012
Source
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956181-fallon-colin-docs-from-h-junzs-rest-paper-1
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/2eb70b6f4cda552bbfa84cbc022bd4da.pdf
3620061007463a52746d32a813727444
PDF Text
Text
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Records 65 through 65
Author:
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Control'No.:
(65-1)
Page 1 of 1
77 returned.
Schwari, Walter, Rechtsanwalt.
In den Wind gesprochen? Glossen zbr
Wiedergutmachung des nationalsozialistiachen Unrechts.
Mlinchen, Beck; 1969.
xiii, 95 p. 23 ,ern.
LAW, .
Reprinted from Hejourrial
sprechung zum
Wiedergutmachungsrecht.
Restitution and indemnification claim~ (1933
Germany (West)"
Rechtsprechung zum Wiedergutmachungsrecht.
10407299
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Records 43
Page 1 ofl
77 returned.
Author:
Germany (
under Allied
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United States Zone) Laws, statutes, etc. "from old catalog]
Uniform Title: Das Rllckerstattungsgesetz. [from old
]
Title:
. Kommeritar zur Wiede'rgutmachung~ amerik. Ges. Nr.
59 vom 10. Nov.,1947, franzos,' VO. Nr. 120 vom 10. Nov.
1947.
.
/
Published:
F. Sch6ningh, i949:
Description:
rl19 R. 23 cm.
LC Cali No.:
LAW
Restitution claims '(1933- ) -- Germany.
Subjects:
old
,
]
Other authors: Petrich, Walter, [ from old catalog] ed.
Other authors: Germany (
under Allied
ion, 1945
French Zone) Laws, statutes, etc. [from old c~talog]
Control No.:
7896261
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Records 66
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LC Call No.:.
ISBN:
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Control No.:
Page 1 of 1
77 returned..
Schwarz, Walter,
Rechtsanwalt.
nach den Gesetzen der Alliierten
Machte I von Walter
Mtinchen : Beck, 1974.
~xv, 394 p. ; 25 cm.
Die Wiedergutmachung nationa1sozialistischen
Unrechts durch die Bunctesrepublik Deutschland
LAW
I
. '
3406036651 : DM58.00
Restitution and indemnification claims (19337
(West)
1755716
Bd. 1
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Records 64 through 64
Author:
Title:
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Des
on:
LC Call No.:
Control No.:
Page 1 of 1
77 returned.
. Schwarz, Walter. [from old catalog]
Gesetz und Wirklichkeit. Betrachtungen.zur
Wiedergutmachung ,im Spiegel von Praxis und Recht
[n.p. " n.d. J
15 p.' cm.
LAW
7234808
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Page 1 of 1
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Records.2
returned.
Title:
Weitere praktische Fragen
Ruckerstattung in
den Westzonen und Berlin. . ..
Published:
. Heidelberg, Verlaqsgesellschaft "Recht und
Wirtschaft," 1950.
200 p. 20 cm.
LC Call No.:·
LAW
Restitution claims (1933Germany. [from old
Subjects: .
cata
Other titles:
Praktische Fragen der Ruckerstattung in den
Westzonen und Berlin.
:
Control No.:
8370497
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�Meeting with Saul Kagan
August 8, 2000
Contrast between the Military Government and the OAP: The military government
returned things to the country of origin but did not insist on restitution efforts. The
United States did not monitor activities of other. countries because of their exclusive
focus on Germany and Austria. [Stefan Munsing at Offenbach].
U.S. was the lead government in restitution. It was the first to enact legislation and the
first to recognize successor organizations. The U.S. deserves a lotof credit for this.
A reluctance to aGcept principles of Military Law 59 affected relations with OAP.
M-Aktion: Furniture looted by Nazis in France and brought to Germany was dealt with
under 1956 BRUG legislation that provided a modest compensation program recognizing
that the assets had been looted. It was not item for item.
"You can assume that final figures were not proposed by us and accepted by them.
Everything was a compromise."
Jews from Eastern Europe could file claims for jewelry that had been stolen from them.
This was also a modest settlement.
The JRSO did recover libraries, paintings, and other objects in Germany that were not in
the possession of the U.S. Army.
The Allies relinquished responsibility under a series of contractual agreements and the
FRG agreed to do certain things in return. In virtually every agreement, there are
agreements on restitution and assets.
.
The JRSO and French counterparts did a massive search and filed 136,000 claims [The
German Finance Ministry conducted study of implications of restitution policy] Das
Bundesruckerstattungsgesetz, Vols. I-VII. Walter Schwarz
With respect to real estate, the JRSO searched for Jewish names in real estate transactions
[filed claim for Alfred Rosenberg's villa] and filed claims. If they were wrong, they
withdrew claims. Eventually, they settled for bulk settlements with the various Laender.
There is a book of CORA appeals in NARA (for volumes and,nature of appeals).
JRSO filed for unclaimed property not just heirless property. Successor organizations
were recipient for the minority portion of claims and ofless valuable property.
Individual claims in Germany dragged on and on, the JRSO wanted funds to support
resettlement of Holocaust survivors in DP camp. They bought pre-fit housing in Finland
�for DP's in Israel where there was no housing for them. Other funds went to the IDC
who fed 200,000 meals a day in the camp.
The JRSO was a strange, amorphous American organization that descended on the
German Aryanizers. JRSO lacked familial knowledge.
General Clay and subsequently McCloy were supportive ofthe JRSO. The JRSO had to
be attached to the military government. Clay authorized a loan of $1 million marks
(which was later forgiven) to the JRSO to get it going. The JRSO received logistical
support from the U.S. AffilY. Clay argued that the British and French should enact ML
59in their zones. Clay was open and. helpful.
"
Sy Rubin was called the "Genuine Jewish Public Servant."
Unhappy Germans pressured the Laender to support bulk settlements. Byrnes speech in
Stuttgart, Cold War, Korea all provided context for restitution policy issues "People in
Germany didn't know if it was going to be a two front war." Some people in the
Washington and Berlin governments weren't enamored of the whole process. The de
Nazification program didn't penetrate very deeply."
Restitution procedures were complicated and aryanizers could battle it for a very long
time. The lawyers had to be paid because, in principle, they couldn't accept contingency
fees. One had to fight a lot of negative decisions. The process was decentralized which
added to the complexity [Die Wiedergutmachung nationalsozialistischen Unrechts durch
die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Band II].
The URO (United Restitution Organization)has filed thousands of appeals under.German
restitution laws.
AUSTRIA:
The military government in Germany was absolutely more coherent than in Austria. The
western nations bought the idea of Austria as the first victim, but Molotov also signed the
agreement. In Germany between 1945- i 949 there was no central government at all. In
Austria there was a central government. There were 4 zones in Vienna (just as in Berlin).
On issues of restitution, there are minutes in the Austrian cabinet that describe how the
Austrians wanted to drag out the process, intentionally and interminably. The U.S.
government under Clark was not as efficient or as thorough as in Geffilany. It was
confronted with a government. Denazification was left to the government which had no
interest in it (including the Social Democrats by the way). These people were a vital bloc
in any election and both major parties vied for the same bloc of votes.
Assets were turned over to the Austrians in 1955 by the United States and it wasn't until'
1981 (or 1991) that they did something about it (Mauerbach) (NOTE: The Mauerbach
auction, organized by Christie's, took place on October 29th and 30th, 1996 in the
Viennese Museum of Applied Arts. The English title of the catalogue is "Mauerbach.
�,
Items Seized by the National Socialists to be Sold for the Benefit of the Victims of the
Holocaust. ")
The Austrians enacted property restitution laws with ridiculously short deadlines; Most.
Jews were not in Austria" they were elsewhere.
Meeting with Saul Kagan
'. August 15,2000
The JRSO was appointed in the summer of 1948 and the deadline for claims filing was
December 31, .1948. The JRSO had only 6 months to make claims while individuals had
13 months from the promulgation oflaw ML 59.
Ferencz asked Clay for extension of filing period. Clay, who was otherwise lIelpful, did
not extend the filing deadline. Showed the need to move expeditiously.
Impact of currency reform: after June 1948 there were no RM, only a small amount was
left for conversion into DM. The RM was worthless and new currency was scarce. By
the end of '49/'56 there was money. Before, it was a barter economy in which Camel
cigarettes were the most valuable commodity.
'
The average Jewish restitution claimants was interested in a cash settlement rather than in
acquiring property. Aryanizers pleaded scarcity of property.
United Restitution Organization: Clay wanted to deal with the JRSO. The URO set up
under the JRSO umbrella and become the legal aid service [gavelled BEG claims]. When
the JRSO came into existence, people had been filing claims on their own. Of the
600,000 Jews in Germany in 1953, half did not survive.
The URO built its staff with German lawyers who were not necessarily admitted to
practice in the United States. They took modest fees and work(;:d on a contingency basis.
ML 59: Was this a voluntary transaction in the normal course ofbusiness? . The law had a
presumption in favor of documents for transactions after 1935. For transactions between'
1933-1935, the presumption was' rebuttable and usually turned on the value ofthe
transaction.
The U.S. Court of Final Appeal was more sympathetic to claimants (CORA). "There is
no making whole, the question is the measure of compensation."
OAP: The JRSO had a priori handicap. There was not a full recognition and acceptance
that the JRSO should have similar status. There was no means for the JRSO to get access
to banks. The JRSO had to lobby Congress for recognition. They also had to battle the
War Claims Fund which had greater appeal than the concept of heirless Jewish property .
. There is more sensitivity today.
�•
In Switzerland, money was transferred to an agent and names were not used and the
depositors were protected.
-Omnibus Swiss accounts
Deposits by relatives
$ 6million was arbitrary number and it was whittled down over the years. The
amounts OAP paid out to individuals would be helpful to have.
Did GAO ever look at Alien Pr9perty? Senate Committee: did it use numbers?
Did the OAP say when they released property? OAP internal files?
The OAP did not share information. They had lists of names and JRSO had to go
name by name. This was not always adequate or satisfactory. The process
became a bargaining process - who would give less?
Whatever they settled for was to salvage whatever was salvageable
Formula 90-10 goes back to post-war lARA (Inter Allied Reparations Agency) in
Brussels when they decided to divide $25 million 90-10%
For benefit of non-rep atnabIe refugees, mostly Jews who would not or could not go
home, plus some non-Jews who would not return to Communist countries
Did assets go in War Claims Fund? There should be records ofOAP as of May 8, 1945.
Ther~ should be'subsequent reports on disposition of assets under their control
Bureaucrats in the OAP wanted to increase funds in War Claims Fund
Paintings - The JRSO was the operating agency in U.S. Zone. It considered the JCR as
cultural property experts. Just not much of operating capacity. Followed their advice on
disposition of cultural and religious and library material. Paintings had no particular
value. They were brought to New York and their existence was advertised. Some were
returned. The otherswere sold. These were typical 19th century bourgeois paintings.
Side Note--Securities: Brown Brothers & Harriman.
ITT had substantial holdings in Germany
�To: Gene Sofer
Page 10(7 Thursday, August 31, 2000 3:19:48 PM
Conunents on Draft Report of the Presidential Advisory Conunission on Holocaust Assets in
the United States
Lynn H. Nicholas
Chapter I
p3 para 3 "Monuments and Fine Arts Administration" I do not believe there was ever an entity with
this name. There waS a Monunments, Fine Arts and Archives Branch, or Division in the succeeding
military and civilian commands and governments.
p7 para 3 Titles of studies not clear
p12 para 2 "The day to day restitution process in Germany was put in the hands of80,000 German
bureaucrats... " This was certainly not true of art objects during the occupation-do you mean
restitution of German owned items. Also 80,000 bureaucrats seems like a lot-who were they and in
which agencies.
ChapterU
p. 16 The Nazis did not consider the Dutch, Flemish Belgians and Scandinavians as "inferior races"
but as fellow Nordics to be brought into the fold. Indeed, German soldiers were encouraged to
impregnate Norwegian women, who were considered the purest ofthe pure.
p. 23 Perhaps mention here that in addition to the ERR Hitler's Linz Organization and Goering's art
staff ran major looting operations oftheir own.
.
.
~.\
p. 29 para 3 "the horrors perpetrated by Nazi Germany througho£t~Europe during the 1930's"perhaps
instead ofthruout Europe say "at home and in the annexed Sudetenland and Austria"
pAl para 2-end of para missing?
Chapter III
p. 126 Feel there should be some mention of quantities of works of art.held and/or sold by Alien
Property Custodian and maybe an example or two of what they were .. Also-what happened to heirless
works of art held by OAP after the war.
Chapter IV 7/21 Draft
p 141 heading says Chapter 5
p 141 para 2 " ...they realized that restitution to rightful owners could commence only after all assets
had been secured, consolidated and inyentoried... "
In fact "Interim" and other out shipments to
other countries began in August 1945 long before everything had been secured consolidated or
inventoried. For exanlple, in the fall large numbers of crated items originating from France were sent
�To:
G~ne
Soter
Page 2 of7 Thursday, August31, 2000 3:21:05 PM
back from Neuschwanstein and inventoried in Paris. The process was not planned far ahead-it was
driven by necessity and the desire to get things out ofthe repos and back to where they had come from
as quickly as possible.
p.142 para 1 "Initial collections of confiscated assets came primarily from the battlefields or deserted
Gestapo or SS headquarters" This is certainly not true of art-sl).ould make clear in each section
whether you are discussing monetary assets or art which had quite different histories.
p 142 para 2 "valuables continued to come to light in the months following...".. should be "years"
P 143 top ... by the summer of 1946, they stood poised to tackle etc~ By the summer of 1946 massive
amounts of art had already been returned to the countries from which it had been removed-the process
began in the late summer of 1945.
.
P 144 the "Office ofthe Adviser on Fine Arts..." This description gives the impression that this was a
large bureaucracy of some kind-in fact, in Sicily, the "adviser"( who had really no staffto speak of)
consisted of one officer, Mason Hammond.
p 148 para 1 ''the Fortezza gold cache" What eventually happened to it-perhaps provide a reference
to later info or a footnote on its fate .... 1946 was early days
p.152/3 MFAA officers developed a system of intelligence to track Nazi looting- what was this-same
as OSSIALIU?
p.154/5 much of para seems redundant-perhaps say" SHAEF reminded officers oftheir additional
responsibility to investigate all info ...to end of quote
.p.15 5 para 2 Was an info file on' all artworks taken into custody by all MFAA ever set up? I do not
think so-if not better to delete this para
p.156 para 2-words left out of quote?? Also is footnote adequate -should it not indicate actual title of
document?
p.157 para 2. The description ofthe OSS Consolidated Interrogation Reports is not clear. The ones
actually published were #1 ERR #2 Goering #4 Linz. #3 was never published. (Checkthose
numbers) There was another major report on the Dienststelle Muhlmann in Holland by Vlug-
I can't remember if it was a CIR or a DIR and I don't think it had a number.
. Also the ERR should be referred to as "one ofthe Nazi organizations" not the as there were a
number of others that looted.
.
p. 157/8 German art dealers had engaged in extensive private purchasing in..... Great Britain, the
United States.... . During the war??? or when? nothing wrong with buying in those places before or
. after the war unless they knowingly bought loot..
.
p. 161 para beginning "In January 1945 .." Why bring up this silly suggestion which was never
implemented. ?
�Page 3 of7 Thursday, August 31,2000 3:21:55 PM
To: Gene Sofer
p. 167/8 The two examples offalse leads are not very impressive-(Though the sentence "The officers
found no signs of a cache, but were unable to determine its existence or non-existence with any
certainty" is quite interesting.) Why not just say much effort was expended on false leads and leave it
~~
.
p. 168 end "In August 1945 US forces were still compiling.." Implication is that they should have.
fmished compiling by then-This was only three months after the surrender-items and documents would
continue to tum up for years-they were, after all, dealing with the documents and actions of 12 years
of an entire major government.
.
p.169 last line Is Frankfurt really only 35 miles from Merkers?
p.173 para 1 last line perhaps say "sometimes prevented action being taken in time to avoid serious
losses to the .contents of a depository" i.e. many depositories were ok
p.180 last para US forces continued to fmd repositories for years following the surrender, not just
months .
p.183 para 2 "The confusion and uncertainty at local levels soon began to concern the high .
command..... " This is not quite accurate- MFAA officers had to fight very hard to get attention from
upper echelons. Art related directives from "Eisenhower" (ie his stafl) were the result of much
lobbying by MFAA and the Roberts Commission..
p.185 para 1 "the clearing of repos continued well into 1946 ... " I believe it went ort long after that.
Things kept re-appearing until the end ofthe occupation and sometimes still do.
p.187-188 The description ofthe setting up of collecting points is not clear. Frankfurt and Marburg
were already being used for storage before the May 20 order to set up collecting points. Munich
opened officially on June 14, 1945 .. The Wiesbaden building was requisitioned in late June and
received its first objects in late July or early August.. Art items from Frankfurt were then transferred
to Wiesbaden. Munich and Wiesbaden were the two most important art collecting points. Offenbach,
main CP for Judaica, both objects and books, (but not for Jewish owned art objects) should be
included here-check date ofopening. I
not sure what was at Bonn-it was not an important art
repository and I do not remember any reports from there-check to see when and if it was oper~ional.
am
p189 top "semi-permanent unit"-recommended and desired but never created
p.189 para 2 "Alt Aussee cache'; Remind readers of what this is. Perhaps say it is where Hitler's
. own collections were stored which included many major looted pieces which were instantly
recognizable.
P 189 last line Marburg- having this here sort of makes one feel that it was set up after Munich-move
this para up???
p.190 para 1 last line "a new collecting point in Wiesbaden... " By the summer of 1946 Wiesbaden
had been operating for a year. Perhaps say "to the major collecting point at Wiesbaden"
�}}'.
To: Gene soter
Page 4 or7 Thursday. Augusl31. 2000 3:22:47 PM
p.192 this para not quite clear- First it says local officers moved art and then says the fact that they
were not authorized to do so slowed things up -perhaps clarifY
p.I94 Ranbach should be Ransbach
p.195 para 1 This is not quite true. Many items were identified in the repositories and in some cases
sent directly back to the country of origin from there-viz Neuschwanstein.
.
"organizations responsible for restitution" What are these??? clarifY that each
victim country had its own such organization.
. p.20 1 para 2 Maybe put this Wiesbaden para up with the other collecting point info. Instead of
"shortly after the German surrender" say "late June, 1945"
Check "Rossbach" could that be "Ransbach" ?
p.202 top statement that movement ofworks from repo "only addedto the backlog ... " Of course it
did-but the backlog was eventually cleared up. Also "In January 1946 Army officials "admitted"
being unable to identifY works... .!t seems to me that there was nothing bad about that-of course it
would take time to identifY objects and putthings in order. This whole para ( and indeed the whole
chapter) is relentlessly negative. After Criticizing for m~y pages the fact that the Army was slow to
empty the repos they are now criticized for having too much in the collecting points. At least the fact
that by April 1946-(pretty good considering the chaotic conditions ofwar-tom Germany)· Offenbach
. was already shipping out large quantities is mentioned, but seemingly as an afterthought. Also should
mention that major shipments back to countries, which included victim art, began in early fall of 1945.
Some indioation ofthe quantities being handled would be good-the Monthly reports ofthe collecting
points, I believe, kept a running total.
Section "Security issues"
Somewhere in these paragraphs it should be made clear that the local popUlation as well as D.P.s and
G.I.s stole things -viz the German guard who stole things from the Munich CP
p.204 Para 1 did the theft and vandalism "continue at an alarming rate ... ". There was theft and
vandalism-but in relation to what was saved it does not seem very alarming.
p.206 Weimar was in the Soviet Zone of occupation. US forces were withdrawn from there on July
1, 1945, I believe. Check this story-unreconstructed Nazis loved to blame things on the Americans,
especialJy after they had left an area and the case could not be investigated. (believe this case may
have been in the news lately but I have no file on it here) Use another example?
p.2071208 last line-I 50 "presumed" stolen works is a minuscule number when: compared to the
several million works secured by the Allies. Is this for all of Germany or just Berlin-??
Were lists actually distributed?? By which agency? Date?
p.211 para 1 "restitution... upon application". I think many ofthe early returns were initiated by the
Allied Governments.
p.211 para 2 "in which case it was to be returned to USFET.." Is this really so? Was anything
returned?
. '
�To: Gene Sorer
Page 6 on Thursday, August31, 2000 3:23;40 PM
Also-"providing of estimates of object's value"-I think maybe this was proposed as part of
reparationS policy but not implemented for art.
This chapter ends rather abruptly-perhaps somewhere in p211 add a reminder phrase saying
restitution will be discussed in Chapter _ or words to that effect.
CHAPTER V
P216 Not sure eXperiences of Ms. Gergely should be main example for restitution-The Hungarian
train was certainly an anom~ly-or at least some indication should be given ofthe tons ofJewish owned
items which were successfully restituted in a number ofthe formerly occupied nations.
P; 232 para 2 should note that the "Jewish cultural property" referred to here consisted of books and
religious objects and did not include Jewish owned fme arts which were handled at the other
collecting points.
P.244 Somewhere should mention German compensation programs for art and other possessions
which went on well into 60's i.e. the "Widergutmachtung" program
p.261 para 2-re items at Alt Aussee-should indicate that most ofthe very high grade looted art found
at Alt Aussee, which was principally from Hitler's collections, was taken to the Munich CP and not
left in Austria.
This chapter has little information on art restitution. Need to have some info on how many claims were
filed -how much was returned. Present Ch IV does not tell us enough about what was actually done.
Of interest might be yearly totals ofthings going in and out ofCollecting Points, number ofshipments
with destinations plus some contrast with Soviet practice and a short discussion of politically
motivated action concerning art. (Lubomirski collection, for example) Also some info on major
.Recuperation Commissions in France, Holland 'etc. would be good.
Chapter VI
p.292 para 2 In order ~o claim the books ..... It seems only logical that the claimant would have to .
submit the titles of his books.
p332 last para It would be interesting to know how it was determined that these were Jewish owned if
they were "unidentifiable" Maybe say they were ''unclaimed'' or "heirless" ie identified as Jewish
owned but owners could not be located.
p.342 Rothschild portraits. Did the ~othschilds agree to them going to Israel? Good to say so if
they did.
p. 344 "former living persecutees" ClarifY?
Chapter VII
�To: Gene Sofer
Page 6 on Thursday, August 31, 2000 3:24 :27 PM
Hungarian Train
Maybe should be called the "Werfen" train and not the "Gold" train as the gold was on a different
train
'.
as
While it is true that the train contained Jewish owned property, it was not, is pointed out earlier in
the report, US policy to distinguish between Jewish owned and other property at this time. Hungary"
had been an Axis country and was, in 1945 in the Soviet area of control. It was US policy to make
Axis allies wait until last for restitution-this included Italy. Therefore the fact that the train contents
were initially taken over as enemy property does not seem particularly out of line. The fact that the
objects never did 'go back to Hungary seems to be principally a result ofthe approach ofthe Cold War
and the greater influence ofthe Jewish Successor organizations--granting them preference was, of
course a violation of original US policy.. Somewhere in this report it should be noted, however, that
by late 1947 thousands of Hungarian claims for all kinds ofproperty had been processed by the
Army and a great deal (including gold reserves and paintings, I believe) returned to that country. J
remember in RG 260 documents on Hungarian claims. It would be interesting to know if any were
Jewish claims and ifso why the train stuffwas different.
Re General Collins' and other requisitions Were any ofthese items ever rcturned to the warehou,se
or did the officers in question keep the~? I have heard mention of receipts documenting the return of
some things to Property control.
'•.
..:"
Also the dates of early requisitions are confusing-The train was "due" for unloading July 23 (p.3 56)
(Maybe check when it was really unloaded) and the contents were taken into the control ofProperty
Control on August 29. (Why the delay?) But General Collins received objects allegedly from the
train on July 13 (p.359).) A mitigating factor in these early requisitions and in the classification ofthe
train's contents as enemy property is that all documents cited indicating items on train were mostly
Jewish are dated on or after Aug. 29- up til then the contents were described as "alleged" to be
property ofthe Hungarian State. It should not be forgotten that other trains from Hungary had indeed
contained state property such as Hungary's gold reserves and also the best pictures from the Budapest
Museum.
.
p.372 "the official decision of Gen. Mark Clark" When was this made? Is it documented.? Clark, I
believe, did not even get to Austria until August 1945 so decisions on the status ofthe train would
have been the responbility of local commanders at the time the train was captured and unloaded.
Becher Ransom
Hungary again! Were there no example~ from Western Europe?
Did any ofthe ransomed Jews make claims? Were the objects in any way identifiable? Was there a
list ofnames ofthose who got out this way?
Erroneous Restitution
p.406 last para
This seems a rather large generalization to extract from this case, which, I believe
�To: Gene Sofer
Page 1 of1 Thursday, Augusl31, 2000 3:25:20 PM
was quite unique.
ConclusionPerhaps, for art and books anyway, in this section should have some statistics ofthe magnitude ofthe
quantities actually restituted thru the Collecting Points and estimates ofwhat percentage ofthe objects
processed by the US went astray. I believe Jonathan Petropoulos has prepared something.
Bibliography?
Index?
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guidelines. As a result, the paintings were sold at a private auction even before the JRSO
checked claims' of ownership..
Despite the Bezalel Museum's offer to accept and preserve all ofthe paintings and other
invaluable artifacts, the JRSO claimed that the sale of the paintings was necessary by arguing
that a home for them could not be found .. However, the JRSO did send 35 of the most valuable
paintings to Israel for the benefi~ of the J,ewish State.
The JRSO's conduct in handling unclaimed Jewish pa\ntings resulted in legal actions
througp.out the next decade. As late as 1960, owners of paintings that were sold or distributed by
the JRSO were .still looking for their property. In most cases, the claimed paintings could not be
found.
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from the Wiesbaden Collecting Point. 26o This shipment included seventeen portraits of members
ofthe Rothschild family, which were eventually, shipped to Israe1. 261
In 1952, the JRSO claimed approximately 400 paintings it had discovered in the Office of
;
the Administration ofPrope~es of the City of Berlin that had been looted from the Berlin Jewish
Museum (Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland).262 Some of the paintings were claimed
and subsequently returned to their former owners. In 1953, ajoint subcommittee from the JRSO
and the Jewish Trust Corporation OTC) for Germany was formed to decide the fate of the
remainder of the collection. 263 The paintings were then allocated as follows: 14 paintings and
one Hanukkah chandelier to the Jewish Museum at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati; five
paintings to the United Kingdom for display in old age homes for refugees from central Europe;'
and three or four paintings to the French branch of the JTC for the same purpose. All other
paintings were set aside for the Bezalel Museum and Tel-Aviv Museum, where between 25 and
30 of them would be placed at the disposal ofIrgun Oley Merkaz Europe (organization for
newcomers from central Europe) for display in old age homes. 264
In conclusion, although the JRSO received hundreds of unclaimed Jewish paintings from
OMGUS, it was not fully prepared to handle their disposition according to postwar restitution
260
Receipt for Jewish Cultural Prop., Oct. 23, 1952, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 105 [305436-442].
261 Letter from Saul Kagan to Benjamin B. Ferencz, "JRSO Letter No. 908," Mar. 12, 1952, Central Archives
for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b (115701-702].
262 Saul Kagan and Ernst H. Weismann, "Report on the Operation of the JRSO 1947-1972," [120174-193].
263Letter from C. Kapralik to Saul Kagan, "Pictures & Other Objects from the Jewish Museum, Berlin," Nov.
26,1953; Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115783-784]. The members
of the subcommittee included Professor Bentwich, Dr. Reichmann and Dr. C.l. Kapralik.
264 Letter from C. Kapralik to Saul Kagan, "Pictures & Other Objects from the Jewish Museum, Berlin," Nov.
26, 1953, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115783-784].
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In 1952, the JRSO conducted an extended internal investigation to detennine which
paintings were sold, where they were sent, and what ~as price paid for them. The reason for this
investigation was that the JRSO "had some very pertinent queries which we have not been able
"
to a:r:swer satisfactorily."254 This·process continued throughout the 1950's as the JRSO received
claims for different artifacts it once had in its possession.255 By 1959, the JRSO was evensued
for the return of eleven art objects it received from the Munich Collecting Poine56
B.
The 1950-1953 shipments
Between 1950 and 1951, the JRSO received additional shipments of unclaimed art
objects from the Munich and Wiesbaden Collecting Points. For example, on May 1951, the
...
Wiesbaden Collecting Point offered the JRSO unclaimed Jewish paintings since it was about to '
close. 257 On July 4,1951, more than 200 unclaimedpaintings of Jewish own~rship were
transferred to the JCR and distributed by the JRSO. 258 These unclaimep Je~ish paintings
included simple family portraits that had been stamped with labels from the Institut fur
Erforschung der Judenfrage. 259 On October 23, 1951, the JRSO also received 356 art objects
254 Letter from Samuel Dallob to Saul Kagan, "JCR-Shipments 1949'," JuI. 28, 1952, Central Archives for the ':
.
I
History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115703].
. '
. 255 For Example, see letter from Toni to Saul Kagan, "Re: Paintings: a) Portrait of a Man by MiereveIt
#218371K0gl 370/3, b) Lalldscape with Flock of Sheep by Zuccareli- #218391K0gI372/5," Sept. 26, 1957, Central
Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296c [121932-932]; letter from Saul Kagan to Mr.
Mark Uveeler, Aug. 14 1959, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296c [121879
880].
256 Letter from Dr. E. Katzenstein to Bezalel National Museum, Aug. 3 1959, Central Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296c [121884-885].
,
257 Letter from Saul Kagan to Dr. Hannah Arendt, May 30,1951, Central Archives for the History of the .
Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115757].
.
258
Receipt of Jewish Cultural Prop., Jui. 4,1951, NACP, RG 260, Ardelia Hall, Box 104 [123218-231].,
259 Letter from Saul Kagan to Dr. Hannah Arendt, May 30, 1951, Central Archives for the History of the _
Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115757].
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John Smart miniatures. At this point the JRSO had to decide whether to recall the said items. Eli .
Rock argued that the sales were legitimate, therefore,
While we might be able to get these miniatures back for a small sum of m,oney, by and
large we want to, wherever possible, avoid calling back any ofthese paintings that have
been sold. Mr. Odell went ahead and sold them on our authorization arid on an implied
warranty that we had legitimate title and the right to sell. He is a recognized art dealer in
New York and his entire livelihood depends on his prestige and his reputation.in that
respect. For us to recall any of the paintings may definitely reflect badly on him, and I
would ther~fore not want to attempt to search out these two miniatures. 25o
Despite this overall reluctance to pursue Claims for identifiable art objects, the JRSO was
more willing to pursue claims when the claimants lived in the United States. In one such case, a
Forest Hills, New York resident claimed a Wilroider painting and was invited to the JRSO
warehouse to. identify the painting. "We will be happy to turn it over to him in return for a signed
.
release," stated Rock, although "we may also charge him for transportation and insurance
Yet, even when claimants lived in the US, the JRSO was hesitant to turn over the claimed
property. For example, a US citizen claimed a Dutch Ratsherr painting sold by Odell to a
personal friend. This claim was especially difficult because"the claimant lives in the US (where
he call make trouble for us) and since the sales price was not so inconsidet~ble," wrote Rock.252
Ultimately, the JRSO resolved this claim by paying the purchaser $200, twice the selling price. 253
250 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, liRe: i Folly," Aug. 23, 1950, Central Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115606-608].
251 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, "Re: • Folly," Aug. 23, 1950, Central Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115606~608].
'
252 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, liRe: • Folly," Aug. 23, 1950, Central Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115606-608].
253 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, "Re: 'Folly," Aug. 23, 1950, Centra~ Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115606-608]; "Proceeds from Sale of Paintings in New York," Central
Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115698].
.
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4.
Identifiable Paintings
Almost immediately after the first shipment of paintings arrived in New York on June
1949, the US Military Government requested the return of four paintings that were considered to
be identifiable. 244 Absent any JRSO guidelines for such a situation, Benjamin Ferencz instructed
Eli Rock to hold the paintings until the issue was resolved. Ferencz told Rock that, "I think this
simply means that you should check with us before disposing ofthese four paintings. u245
Some members of the JRSO's Executive Board insisted that it would be impossible to
determine whether such claims were valid, and that "the JRSO has clear title to these paintings
and that any claimant who might now appear do not in fact have any strict legal rights to
claim."246 Nevertheless, by August 20, 1950, the JRSO received nine claims for the paintings.247
Eli Rock now recognized that these claims could be valid "assuming, however, that those
paintings which we have already sold are in fact accurately claimed, I haven't the slightest idea
as to what we should do with these claims."248
In response to the nine claims, the JRSO conducted an internal investigation to locate the'
paintings c1aimed. 249 The JRSO found that Mr. Odell had already sold some of them, such as two
244 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO New York Letter # 193," Sept. 14, 1949, Central
Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115675-676].
245 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO New York Letter # 193," Sept. 14, 1949, Central
Archives for the History o~ the Jewish People, JRSc5 NY, File 296a [115675-676].
246 Eli Rock, "Memorandum re: Proposed Plan for Inviting Inspection by Potential Claimants of JRSO
Paintings," Apr. 7, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115763].
247 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, liRe: Narkiss- ' Folly," Aug. 22, 1950, Central Archives for
the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a (115610-613].
248 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, "Re: Narkiss- 's Folly," Aug. 22, 1950, Central Archives for
the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115610-613].,
249 Letter from Eli Rock to Benjamin B. Ferencz, liRe: ' Folly," Aug. 23, 1950, Centrai Archives for the History
of the Jewish People, JRSO NY; File 296a [115606-608].
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examples for art students." 236 As a result, the JRSO Executive committee approved the shipment
of these paintings to Israel at their special meeting on March 29, 1950.237
Dr. Kayser estimatedthatthe 35 paintings shipped to Israel were worth between $9,000 .
and $12,000.238 The Jewish Agency provided $500 for restoration because some of the paintings
were damaged during the war,239 Before they were shipped to Israel on October 6, 1950, the 35·
paintings were exhibited at thelewish Museum in New York. 240 Upon the arrival of the paintings
in Israel, Shlomo Eisenberg of the Jewish Agencyhandled their distribution. 241
By November 1951, a small number of paintings of little value that could not be sold by
Mr. Odell were still at the Jewish Museum. These paintings were offered to Dr. Narkiss ofthe
Bezalel Museum in Israel because he expressed "a great interest" in them.242 Thus, it was decided
to send the remaining unsold paintings to IsraeP43
236 Memo, "Paintings and other art objects turned over to the JRSO by Military Government," Mar. 14, 1950,
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115679-680].
237 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Rpt., Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People,
JRSO NY, File 296a [115684-688].
238 Memo, Dr. Stephen S. Kayser, "Disposition of IR.S.O. Paintings," Apr. 11, 1950, Central Archives for the
History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115762].
239 Letter from Eli Rock to Maurice M. Boukstein, "Restoration of JRSO paintings," Apr. 5, 1950, Central
Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115683]; letter from Eli Rock to Dr. Stephen S.
Kayser, Mar. 22, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115681].
240 Memo from Antonie Neiger to Saul Kagan, '~Art object shipped by JRSO Nuernberg to New York in
1949,." Sep. 11 1952, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115695-698].
241 Memo from Antonie Neiger to Saul Kagan, "Art object shipped by JRSO Nuernberg to New York in
1949," Sep. 11 1952, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115695-698].
242 Letter from Saul Kagan to Mr. Kottlieb Hammer, Dec. 12, 1951, Central Archives for the History of the
Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115692].
. .
243 The shipping cost was $100. Memo from Saul Kagan to Maurice M. Boukstein and Moses A. Leavitt,
"Disposal of remaining JRSO paintings," Nov. 23, 1951, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People,
JRSO NY, File 296b [115691].
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auction, where the buyers would understand the nature and the background ofthe paintings and
where the 30% fee for printing a catalogue could be saved, was more appealing to the JRSO.231
Dr. Kayser recommended Mr. H. F. Odell, an experienced antique dealer and art seller
from New York City, to handle the sale of the paintings. and other art obj ects. 232 In addition, Dr.
Kayser offered the use of the Jewish Museum premises for the auction. Once the JRSO agreed,
Mr. Odell conducted the auctions between May 1950 and May 1951.233 The total proceeds from
the auctions minus the auctioneer's commission and minor JRSO expenses, were $3,219.65.234 .
3.
Shipment to Israel235
In preparation for the JRSO Executive Committee's meeting on March 29, 1950, Dr.
Walter Moses, a board member of the Tel-Aviv Museum, and Dr. Stephen Kayser of the Jewish,
Museum had selected 35 paintings "for which there is a considerable need in Israel by way of
offering representative types of art work inthat country and by wayoffumishing valuable
,
'
,231 FromDr. Steph~n S. Kayser, "Disp~sition of J.R.S.O: Paintings," Apr. 11, 1950, Central Archives for the
History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115762J.
"
232 Memo, ,"Paintings and other art objects turned over to the JRSO by Military Government," Mar. 14, 1950,
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, :JRSO NY, File 296a [115679-680].
,
,
233 For re~eipts from these sales please see the papers held by H.F. Odell, Central A;chives for the History of
the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115706-708J, [115710-756], [115758-761].
'\
234 The following is a breakdown of proceeds by month: May 1950, $1,922.60; Jun. 1950, $926.70; August
1950, $345:65'; October 1950, $58.10; May 1951, $166.60. These numbers are not amount received but rather the
sums received from purchasers by Mr. Odell less his commission of 22 Yz %, and less a minor sum expended for
repairs and transportation of the pictures involved. Memorandum, from Antonie Neiger to SaulKagan, "Art objects
shipped by JRSO Nuerenberg to New Yorkin 1949," Sep. 11, 1952, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish
People, JRSO NY, file 296a [115695-698J.
235 For list of paintings shipped to Israel, see Appendix I' and "Paintings to be Shipped to Israel," Central
, Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a: [115609J; In addition to the 35 paintings, a
" wooden statute was designated to be shipped to Israel as a gift to one of the churches. However, the available
documents to not support such a shipment. See JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for
the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115684-688].
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8111/00 Draft, Chapter VI
Despite this correspondence, Dr. Narkiss was not invited to the JRSO Executive Committee
meeting and Dr. Lewin's motion to tum the collection over to the Israeli government was
overwhelmingly defeated. 226
The JRSO Executive Committee further discussed whether to advertise the transfer of the
paintings to the JRSO. Dr. Nathan Stein, a member ofthe Council for German Jews,
recommended that they do so in order to enable potential claimants to exanline, and possibly
make claims for their property. Mr. Moses A. Leavitt ofthe AIDC agreed, "provided that it
entails no further expense" to the JRSO.227 Thus, the meeting concluded with the understanding
that the 35 old Masters paintings would be sent to Israel and the rest would be sold by the
JRSO.228
Once this decision was made, Dr. Kayser, Mr. Leavitt and Mr. Rock met to determine the
best method of sale. They discussed three possibili,ties: public auction, sale to individuals and
private auction.229 Dr. Kayser believed that "in view ofthese particular objects, a public auction
type of approach would be both risky and undesirable. ,,230 Thus, the men decided that a private,
226 JRSO Exec. Corum. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
227 JRSO Exec. Corum. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a[115684-688].
228 JRSO Exec. Corum. Meeting, Mar. 29,1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
229 From Dr. Stephen S. Kayser, "Disposition of lR.S.O. Paintings," Apr. 11, 1950, Central Archives for the
History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115762].
230 Memo, "Paintings and other art objects turned over to the JRSO by Military Government," Min. 14, 1950,
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115679-680].
,
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On March 29, 1950, the JRSO Executive Committee met to discuss the disposition of the
paintings.221 Dr. Isaac Lewin from Agudath Israel raised the only objection to the sale of the
paintings, claiming that "these objects, as the former property of murdered Jews, constitute a
valuable heritage of the Jewish people."222 He proposed instead that the collection be transferred
to the Israeli government, to be preserved and exhibited "as a memorial for the great
catastrophe."223 Members of theCommittee disagreed with this suggestion and explained to Dr.
Lewin that except for 35 old masters paintings, the Israeli museums had refused the collection
through Dr. Walter Moses, a member of the Board of Directors of the Tel-Aviv Museum. 224
"
However, the explanation given to Dr. Lewin was misleading. In truth, as early as May 26,
1949, Dr. Mordechai Narkiss oJthe Bezalel Museum in Jerusalem, had written to Joshua Starr,
Executive Secretary of the.JCR, to protest the sale of the art objects and to express Bezalel
Museum's interest in taking care of the paintings:
I must protest against any proposal to sell there art treasures. As an alternative, I propose
that the shipment be cosigned to the Jewish Agency, with the Bezalel Museum acting as a
custodian, with responsibility of making restitution to claimants. As for the non-valuable
items, it would prove uneconomical to sell these, and it would be wiser to distribute them
to schools and communal institutions.z25
221 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
,222 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
,
223 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
224 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, 1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, ,JRSO
NY, File 296a [115684-688].
m Rpt., "Narkiss to Starr, May 26 1949," May 26; 1949, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People,
JRSO NY, File 296a [115670].
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OMGUS "properties and objects in its possession which have been delivered by mist,ake."zI6
Such properties included those for which individual owners could be identified after the transfer.
Yet, Benjamin Ferencz, Director General of the JRSO, felt that the paintings should still be sold'.
In a letter to Eli Rock, Ferencz wrote:
I do not believe that anyone here would object to the sale of the paintings ifthere had
been a mistake in a standard provision which MG includes to protect itself. The danger
thata mistake has been made is slight but is always a possibility: My own feeling is that
if the decision has been made that the paintings would be sold, a few months should be
'
.
allowed to elapse before this is done.217
The paintings were shipped to the United States "with the idea they be sold and the proceeds
used for JRSO purposes."ZI 8
Upon the arrival of the paintings in New York, the JRSO considered three possibilities
,for their disposition: to distribute them to Jewish organizations in Israel and the United States, to
sell those paintings for which therewas a market in the United States, or to sell all of the
paintings and use the proceeds to build up an art collection with other Jewish organizations. 219 It
was concluded that the JRSO Board of Directors would make the final decision on the
disposition of the paintings.220
216 Receipt, "Allied Control Authority, Reparations, Deliveries and Restitution Directorate, Receipt for Cultural
Objects," May 31, 1949, Central Archives for the HistoryoftheJewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115639].
ZI7 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO NY letter # 126," Jun. 10, 1949, Central Archives
for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115641-642].
218 JRSO Exec. Comm. Meeting, Mar. 29, '1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO
NY; File 296a [115684-688].
Lettedrom Edward M.M. Warburg to Dr. Stephen S. Kayser, Nov. 1, 1949, Central Archives for the
History for the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115785-786].
219
"
220 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO New York letter #121," Jun. I, 1949, Central
Archives for the History of.the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115647-648].
WORKING DRAFT
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�8111/00 Draft, Chapter VI
M. M. Warburg, Walter Leary of Knoedler Gallery and Dr. Stephen S. Kayser o(the Jewish
.
'
"'.
\
"
Museum reexamined the paintings after they arrived in New York. Ill These experts estimated
that the entire collection was worth between $5,000 and $15,000. 212 The'main'reason for this
lower estimate was that two of the most valuable paintings, a Sisley and a Courbet, were actually
second and third rate examples of theses artists, contrary to Dr. Narkiss' initial appraisa1. 213
The JRSO, in an internal memo,
express~d disappointment ;t the low'er value or"the
,..
'
paintings:
It has now be,come apparent that the value placed on the above items at the time they
were turned over to the JRSO in Germany was (ar in exct;ss of. their actual value. The
problem has therefore become one of disposing of these, items and, where indicated,
selling those which may have some saleable value ... 214
Now, the JRSO hoped only that any sale of the paintings would cover the costs of shipping,
•
"
I
:'"
.
:
storage and express charges. 215
2.
The Sale of the Paintings
Even before OMGUS transferred the paintings to the. J,RSO, a debate ensu~d over their ,
.
~'
disposition.', According to US Military policy, the JRSO was responsible for restoring to
211"Lett:r fr~m
:ryt. M. Warburg to Dr. Stephen S, Kayser, Nov, 1, '~94~, Central Archives for the
History of theJewish People;JRS6 NY, File· 296a [115785-786]; Memorandum, 'from Antonie Neiger to Saul
Kagan, "Art ol'>jt?,cts sqipped by JRSO Nuerenberg to New'York in 1949," Sep. 11, ~I952, Central Archives for the
History' of the Jewish Pe<lple, JRSO NY, File 296b [115695:698].,.
212 From Dr. Stephen S. Kayser, "Disposition of lR.S.O. Paintings,'; Apr.' {i, 1950,C~~tral Archives for the
History of the jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115762r'
, ii3 Memo fr~m Antbnie Neiger to Saill Kagan, "Art objects shipped by JRSO Nuererib~rg to New York in
t'949," Sep', 11, 1952, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115695-698] ..
:.,!
.
214 Me~lO, "Paintings and other art objects tum~d over to the JRSO by Military Government," MaL 14, 1950,
Central Archives for.the Histbry of the Jewish Pe6ph~, JRSb NY, File 296a [115679.;.680].
\ ' . \
215 LetterJrom Ed~ard M. M. Warbur~ to Dr. Stephen S. Kayser, Nov. 1, 1949, Central Archives for the .
History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY,, File 296a,t115785-786]..
.', ,
.
...
.
,
WORKI1~G
DRAFT - NOT FOR CIRCULATION
328
�"
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...
8/11/00 Draft, Chapter VI
. and miniatures. The JRSO's first priority was to ship the most valuable paintings to New York. 204
Consequently, five crates of art objects were delivered to New York aboard the "American
Miller" on June 9, 1949. 205 On June 30, 1949 eleven more crates, initially valued at $40,000,
were shipped aboard the n American Inventor". 206 Once in New York the crates stored in the
basement ofthe Jewish Museum for free storage. 207 By March 14, 1950 the JRSO had spent
$3,700 on shipment, storage and insurance for the paintings.208
1.
Appraisal of Paintings:
Dr. Mordechai Narkiss of the Beialel Museum in Israel made the first appraisal of the
.
\.
.
1,000 art objects in.Europe. He estimated that their total value was between $100,000 and
150,000. 209 As a result, the first shipment of five crates was appraised at $58,950. 210 However,
even before the first shipment left Europe, it was believed that this appraisal was too high, and
the second shipment was insured for only $6,700 instead of the $40,000 estimated by Dr.
Narkiss. To clarify the matter, experts such as Curt Valentin of the Buchholz Gallery, Edward
203 The transfer was made through the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc., the cultural agent of the JRSO.
"Schedule A: List of Objects transferred from the Munich CCP to JCR Nuernberg," May 29,1949, Central Archives
for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 301 [115805-840]; Letter from Saul Kagan to Alexander
Roseman, "Hq. JRSO New York Letter #139," Jun. 29, 1949, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People,
JRSO NY, File 296a [115593-603].
204 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, !lHq. JRSO New York letter # 116," May 27, 1949, Central
Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115645-646).
205 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO NY. letter #126" Jun. 10; 1949, Central Archives
for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115641-642].
206 Letter, from Saul Kagan to Mr. Alexander Roseman, "Hq. JRSO New York letter # 139," Jun. 29, 1949,
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [I 15593-603].
207 Memo, tiRE: Paintings and other art objects turned over to the JRSO by Military Government," Mar. 14,
1950, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115679-680).
208 Memo, "RE: Paintings and other art objects turned over to the JRSO by Military Government," Mar. 14,
1950, Central Archives for the History oftbi Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296a [115679-680).
209 Memo fro~ Antonie Neiger to Saul Kagan, "Art Objects shipped by JRSO Nuremberg to New York in
1949," Sep. n 1952, Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, JRSO NY, File 296b [115695-698].
210 Letter from Benjamin B. Ferencz to Eli Rock, "Hq. JRSO NY letter #126," Jun. 10, 1949, Central Archives
for the History of the Jewish People," JRSO NY, File 296a [115641-642].
WORKING DRAFT - NOT FOR CIRCULATION
327
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28 Aug 00
-(
MEMORANDUM FOR: Gene Sofer, Deputy Director, Presidential Advisory Commission
on Holocaust Assets (PACHA) in the United States
SUBJECT: Revi'ew of Draft Historical Report
1, The draft report is generally well written and documented with adequate primary
sources. It treats in a comprehensive fashion many subjects that have previously been
unaddressed by the historical record. The new research and new findings of the report
are its major str~ngths. In sum, it represents an impressive start at an extremely
complex subject area.
2. The draft als() has significant weaknesses. The quality of the presentation is
somewhat uneven, reflecting undoubtedly the many different authors and researchers
working on the project. There is a certain amount of duplication that needs to be
thought out as well as some conceptual problems.that at times undermine the clarity of
the presentation. The amount of missing material is significant, and includes such
topics as victim bank accounts and similar instruments in the United States, American
policy toward th~ Baltic nations and similar "exception" cases, and the problems with the
acquisitions by the Library of Congress. In addition, there are no overall conclusions or
recommendations, or--on the technical, scholarly side--no bibliography or discussion of
source material yet.
3. At enclosure 1 are more specific comments on each chapter and its contents.
Immediately below are some general points that need to be made:
a. The report needs a strong concluding section, one whose findings can be
incorporated intq any synopses or briefer policy recommendations. Such a section
would serve to qring together and synthesize all of the independent conclusions in
almost every subsection. Previously the commission has tried to stress problems in the
American performance. But those judgements need to be balanced by the incredible
achievements made by all echelons of government in handling of Holocaust Assets,
which the text of the report makes extremely clear. In addition, the conclusion would be
further strengthened by some positive recommendations that would impact on the future
and have immediate utility. For example, in future cases (and such problems have
occurred recently in Panama, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosova, etc.) should our policy regarding
illegally confiscated assets be one ofindividual restitution to owners (or heirs) or to the
state? Should Army and international laws on requisitioning be changed or clarified? Is
more government authority needed regarding the regulation of certain types of
I
property? If mistakes were made, then we don't want to make them again.
b. There is a significant amount of confusion surrounding certain key terms as
applied to holocaust assets. Is such property to be considered "heirless" only if the
actual owner is deceased? Or only if his. or her nuclear family no longer exists? Or do
�heirs extend to' one or more generations? Or, is the state considered an "heir" and the
term then signify that the national origin cannot be determined. This matter should be
sorted out at the beginning of the study, with the understanding that those implementing
the policy might have been equally confused back in the period under study. Such
findings should tie in with the innovative concept of successor organizations (which
should be emphasized in the conclusion)--unless the commission wishes to challenge
that concept an,d argue that all Holocaust Property should devolve to the extended heirs
of its owners intaccordance with current U.S. law.
c. U.S. policy re Holocaust Assets needs clarification. Basically, the American
government adopted a policy of restitution. How it was implemented was conditioned
by a number of factors, rather than by exceptions to an agreed upon implementation
policy. In certain cases, former allies were treated one way, neutrals another, and
former belligerents still another. In the case of Italy, a new "allied" government had
been recognized by the allies--or at least the United States and the Western Allies; in
the case of, for :example, Finland, Croatia, Hungary and Romania--and of course
Germany--that didn't happen. Austria is another special case, but so are the Baltic
countries, I suspect. In some cases, certain personal property was given to various
national governments regardless of .its ownership status; in others, it was claimed either
by owners or by their immediate heirs; and in still others by international or successor
organizations in a speed and manner that really precluded any efforts at individual
restitution to probable heirs. In short, I think it correct to say that the American aims
were quite idealistic but that execution was much more pragmatic, as it had to be if the
program was to: be effective at all.
d. To effect the final changes and bring everything together, the report needs to have an
experienced senior historian to oversee the effort--as was done in the two studies
produced by Se'cretary Eizenstadt's interagency group.
�,I
270/4-14 Note that in the matter of vesting and frosting, allies, neutrals, and former
.belligerents differ~nt nations were treated different ways· depending largely on their
wartime status, a~other example of US policy being implemented on a practical basis.
277/bottom of page Statistics. presented are, confusing. Do they square with those
.
given earlier re vesting and claims? Does the last sentence mean that the JRSO filed
7,078 claims (thought it was 11,000) against frozen victim assets, but only 35 of these.
claims concerned assets vested after 1946 (which would represent 3 percent of the
overall 4,226 [?] vesting orders, of which most, 68 percent or about 3,900, were issued
post 1946). The whole thing needs to be clarified and the number crosschecked.
Chapter 6 Anoth!3r excellent chapter, but one presented from a different point of view
than the precedin.g ones. This essay, really a topical chapter amid the chronological
ones, works very well, giving the ready a break from the narrative story, yet giving him a
better understanding of previously treated policies, organizations, and actions, by
viewing them through a. different perspective. Not surprisingly, this'chapter is supportive
of the ..IRSO and the successor organization concept, while other chapters and other .
publications of the commission have not been, arguing that more care should have
been given to finding the legal heirs to all looted property. 'Finally, there seems to be no
information regarding the questions of those works that the JRSO donated to the Library
of Congress and other holdings.
,
285/2-4 Notes the high number of duplicate claims for vested property, which might
explain some of the discrepancies noted early in the statistical information presented.
(Also, who was Monroe Karasik and why is he mentioned in the t~xt?) Later the authors
note (349/6-7) that Justice believed--no explanatipn give--that the JRSO had only 500
, valid claims, a contention that begs explanation.
288-290 As this discussion makes 'clear, the objective was to establish an organization
which could care 'for "heirless Jewish cultural objects" -- not objects that were both
. heirless and stateless, and thus representing the practicality of US restitution
implementation. :
129/1-2 Provides the reader with an invaluable OMGUS definition of heirless Jewish
property, which-could be applied to many of the personal items on t~e Hungarian Gold
Train.
.
202-305 Notes the transfer of Jewish property originating in CzechOSlovakia, Poland,
and the Baltic countries, to successor organization, actions some of which the US
government directly supported. Rather than as erroneous exceptions to policy, they
should be treated as evidence of the practicable restitution policy pursued by the United
States.
328-330 This section and others also underline that Jewish cultural property originating
in Germany was in many cases not returned the German Jewish community that
7
�Hungary and certain other former enemy or neutral nations. I would also not that the
original commission gold train report detailed the list of stolen assets claimed by the
Temporary Managing Committee of the Central Bqreau of Hungarian Jews, which by
their very nature (boxes of diamonds and bags of gold coins) would suggest that the
most valuable material had been divested of ownership identity and sorted- according to
kind well beforel the train left Budapest. Many would, in fact, hold that US officials were
quite right in nol allowing claimants to wander around the various holding areas in
Germany and Austria (see 371/5-8) to claim property that they could not otherwise
identify (something made clear by the Yugo~lavian essay that follows). The fact that the
sale of the material netted in New York only about $150,000 (40 percent above
evaluation) further indicates the low average value of this material despite its great
volume--and ironically there is reason to believe--even as pOinted out by the study--that
not all of the material was looted assets and much was the property of Hungarian
officials and citizens seeking to escape the Soviet armies by fleeing with their property
to Switzerland.
- Persollally, I find it hard at first to excuse the demands of General Collins for
household items, "of the very best quality and workmanship available in the land of
Salzburg" (quot~d twice! 360/16-17 and 362/7-8) for his villa andlor rail car. But the
fact is that almost every other high-level US official or headquarters was doing ~he same
thing. In Europe military headquarters, high level officials, and large civil and
international organizations have often been house,d in the many castles and similar
structures that abound there, the more so now due to the great shortage of .civilian
housing and barracks in German and Austria due to the bombing campaign (but the
same had been true in France and Italy). And such quarters had to be outfitted with
household items in the easiest and least expensive manner possible (rather than import
them from the US or buy them on the open market). More to the point (and something
many general officers had no taste-for), Collins was a regional governor (as were his
division comma'nders). and he was expected to entertain accordingly as a traditional
method of conducting political business. The ambassadors and civilians that replaced
them had to do :the same thing. Moreover, the value of the requisitioned items-
compared to what gold and treasures were being stored by'the US Army and those
stolen by the Germans--seems to be extremely minor, certainly not comparable to the
Hesse Crown jewels or the Quinlenburg treasures and not deserving to serve as the
centerpiece for 'alleged American malfeasance. Finally, although, I believe it likely that
these items had belonged to Jewish victims, there is no evidence that Collins knew that
fact as the matter was handled by his junior aides.
.
355/7 US policy was restitution, not to restitute items to their country of origin. Ideally,'
in fact, the underlying goal was to restitute property back to the originalowner--and as
pointed out repeatedly there were too many cases of property being awarded directly to
individuals or tq successor organizations to say that these were exceptions.'
357/12-15 The; inventory suggests that the identities of the owners were not associated
with individual property, but it is also hard to envision a list of owners with several million
names.
9
�remained there, but instead went to successor organizations. Hungarian property was
treated somewh~t similarly.
I
,
344ff The section on assets vested and/or frozen in the United States is well done.
Although it duplicates some of the material found elsewhere in the manuscript, it gives
the reader a different point of view and details the role of theJRSO in this process more
clearly. Consideration should, however, be given to combining it with similar material or
at least reconciling the presentation with earlier material.
Chapter 7 This chapter attempts to deal with subjects that first, don't appe~r to fit
elsewhere and that second, "highlight specific failures of US restitution policy as
implemented." The material here, instead, needs to be integrated into the text. The text
has already addressed implementation failures--noting the tendency of American troops
toward looting, the loss of books to the DP camps, the agonizingly slow process of
defrosting, and so forth. The chapter presents nothing new in this regard, so it makes
sense to treat these problems right along w,ith the narrative as others have been
covered, and generalize about them in the conclusion. Specifically, the variations in
how the United States implemented its restitution goals, as noted,earlier, ought to be
regarded as a virtue, or at least there ought to be a strong recognition that the US
government of the time was also committed to an implementation program that was
practical--rather than regard the varied implementation as a failure ..
354ff The Center's independent study of the Hungarian gold train episode has already
made several pO,ints regarding the contentions of the report's authors and this review
will only underlin~ a few matter below:
I
- The Hungarian Gold Train received its name from the fact that it was carrying
the Hungarian N~tional Gold--which was secured by US troops, moved to Frankfurt, and
returned directly to the Hungarian government. There is overwhelming testimony that
. the train contained not only the nation~1 gold and property confiscated from Hungarian
Jews, but property of other wealthy Hungarians--supporters of the fascist regime,
cultural property ,from Hungarian museums, various raw materials and war material, and
so forth. We also know that the most valuable items were removed from the train and'
later captured by French forces, and that in its five- to six-month odyssey the assets'on
board were (as the revised study admits) "rearranged, repacked, divided _and'
subdivided, loaded and unloaded, and repeatedly looted by German soldier, Hungarian
guards, and Austrian civili;;Jns" well before it fell into American hands: There is no basis
for believing the judgement of one junior American officer "that the entire train consists
of items and articles, which were stolen or taken away by Hungarian authorities" many
months after the:train had been seized and its contents stored away 358/13-14). In
contrast, all evidence indicates that Jewish property was thoroughly mixed with non
Jewish property and that ownership generally could not be determined.
.
'
- Seco'nd: the study makes no reference to the official restitution process through
which many gold train items were restored to their owners. Nor does it mention that
American policy up to March 1946 forbade the Army from restituting such property to
8
�360/1 Collins" "home" was in the United States--no requisitioned goods were taken to
homes or private residences.
361/4 There is, no proof that these particular household goods came from appropriated
Jewish assets c;md many might have also been the property to non-Jewish Hungarian
nationals seeking escape to Switzerland.
364/7-8 If som~ of the officers lost track of the property, than they ought to have
answered to tha~. Such investigation are extremely common in the Army and the
government and ,mandated by law; I have conducted ~any myself as has almost every
other mid-level or senior American official, military and civilian 'alike. The fact that the
original requisition slips and many of the accountable surveys survived over fifty years
indicates that Makenzie ought to have located any missed items had he tried (although
such items are generally not accorded the accounting importance of weapons, vehicles,
and other mor~ expensive non-expendable, items).
356-357 Ther~ is rio evidence that any property, certainly not any victim property, was
stolen from the;Salzburg warehouse, and in sum no proof that "victims' assets subject to '
,~estitution were designated [mis-designated?), requisitioned, lost, and stolen."
'
370 The quoted admission that the "decision [not to return the personal property on the
Hungarian gold train to the Hungarian government] was based on the fact that it was
impracticable to return inoividuai items to the original owners or heir and is believed to
have been made in [the] best interests of the class which was despoiled" seems a
reasonable expl.anation, without revisiting the "heirless" issue (which the study earlier
pointed out had been decentralized to military decision-makers with the admonishment
that cost' effectiveness be a primary factor). But the matter begs the question of why the
Hungarian Jews did not deal through their restitution agency in Austria--or why the
commission researchers did 'not deal with the records left by the process and
, highlighted in the Cente~'s report.
I
371-372 This quote makes it clear that the decision not to restitute the gold train
material to Hungary was made at the highest levels and not at the country level;
General Clark's contention--or that of his staff-:.regarding the identifiability of the
property applied to its individual ownership and not its national origins. No one in
Austria or the US Army questioned that it came from Hungary. Thus and in accordance
with general US policy applied to other items, it could have well been returned to
Hungary without reversing Clark's decision. Basically, this contention, whatever its
origins (and I suspect that Marshall did not pen it personally as he was not even
Secretary of State when Clark allegedly made this decision and communicated it to
someone), is bpthirrelevant and illogical.
I
378 The example given seems to show that the system of going through the national
commissions to restitute individual items could work--if the items were there and could
be reasonably identified (could anyone do better or a-dopt different criteria?).
10,
�394/Conclusion The Becher ransom is an interesting case, but is there any explanation
of why the Jewish agencies sought to bloc the return of victim property to its owners or
why the State De'partment agreed?
.
395 The one bag: of "gold fillings from teeth" needs explanation; perhaps the SS
official's t'estimony should not be trusted.
Chapter 8 As noted earlier, the concluding chapter is extremely weak, non-existent for
all practical purposes, and this should be the strongest chapter of the entire study.
Fortunately, I think that this should be fairly easy to correct, on the other hand I'm not
sure to what extent the study and the findings that flow from it will support the kind of
recommendations that the commission wishes to make as explored in the July meeting.
'I
!
II
�28 Aug 00
MEMORANDUM FOR Gene Sofer, Deputy Director, Presidential Advisory Commission
on Holocaust Assets (PACHA) in the Uni.ted States
!
SUBJECT: Review of Draft Historical Report
1. The draft report is gt?nerallywell written and documented with adequate primary
sources. 'It treats in a comprehensive fashion many subjects that have previously been
unaddressed by the historical record. The new research and new findings of the report
are its·major strengths. In sum, it represents an impressive start at an extremely
complex subject area.
2. The draft also has significant weaknesses. The quality of the presentation is
somewhat unev~n, reflecting undoubtedly the many different author,s and researchers
working on the project. There is a certain amount of duplication that needs to be
thought out as well as some conceptual problems that at times undermine the clarity of
the presentation.' The amount of missing material is significant, and includes such
topics as victim bank accounts and similar instruments in the United States, American
policy toward the: Baltic nations and similar "exception" cases, and the problems with the
acquisitions by the Library of Congress. In addition, there are no overall conclusions or
recommendation's, or--on the technical, scholarly side--no bibliography or discussion of
source material yet.
3. At enclosure 11 are more specific comments on each chapter and its contents.
Immediately below are some general points that need to be made:
a. The report needs a strong concluding section, one whose findings can be
incorporated into any synopses or briefer policy recommendations. Such a section
would serve to bring together and synthesize all of the independent conclusions in
almost every subsection. Previously the commission has tried to stress problems in the,
American performance. But those judgements need to be balanced by the incredible
achievements made by all echelons of government in handling of Holocaust Assets,
which the text of the report makes extremely clear. In addition, the conclusion would be
, further strengthened by some positive recommendations that wbuld impact on the future
and have immediate utility. For example, in future cases (and such problems have
occurred recently in Panama, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosova, etc.) should our policy regarding
illegally confiscated assets be one of individual restitution to owners (or heirs) or to the
state? Should Army and international laws on requisitioning be changed or clarified? Is
more government authority needed regarding the regulation of certain types of
property? If mistakes were made, then we don't want to make them again.
b. There is a significant amount of confusion surrounding certain key terms as
applied to holocaust assets. Is such property to be considered "heirless" only if the
actual owner is deceased? Or only if his or her nuclear family no longer exists? Or do
I
�heirs extend to ohe or more generations? Or, is the state considered an "heir" and the
term then signify that the national origin cannot be'determined. This matter should be
sorted out at the beginning of the study, with the understanding that those implementing
the policy might have been equally confused back in the period under study. Such
findings should tie in with the innovative concept of successor organizations (which .
should be emphasized in the conclusion)--unless the commission wishes to challenge
that concept and argue that all Holocaust Property should devolve to the extended heirs
of its owners in accordance with current U.S. law.
'
c. U.S. policy re Holocaust Assets needs clarification. Basically, the American
government adopted a policy of restitution. How it was implemented was conditioned
by a number of factors, rather than by exceptions to an agreed upon implementation
policy, In certain ,cases, former allies were treated one way, neutrals another, and
former belligerents still another. 'In the case of Italy, a new "allied", government had
been recognized by the allies--or at least the United States and the Western Allies; in
the case of, for example, Finland, Croatia, Hungary and Romania.:.-and of course
Germany--that didn't happen. Austria is another special case, but so are the Baltic
countries, I suspect. In some cases, certain personal property was given to various
national governments regardless of its ownership status; in others, it was claimed either
by owners or by their immediate heirs; and in still others by international or successor
organizations in a speed and manner that really precluded any efforts at individual
restitution to probable heirs. In short, I think it correct to say that the American aims
were quite idealistic but that execution was much more pragmatic, as it had to be if the
program was to be effective at all.
"
d. To effect the final changes and bring everything together, the report needs to
have an experienced senior historian to oversee the effort--as was done in the two
studies produced by Secretary Eizenstadt's interagency group.
·4. The efforts of ~he commission to date are extremely promiSing, but much more still
needs to be done!. In this final effort, the Center of Military History will continue to
support the work of your researchers and writers in every way possible.
Cf
ASAIMRA
"
Chi~f of Military History
Jeffrey J. Clarke
Chief Historian
2
�270/4-14 Note'that in the matter of vesting and frosting, allies, neutrals, and former
belligerents different nations were treated different ways depending largely on their
wartime status, another example of US policy being implemented on a practical basis.
277/bottom of page Statistics presented are confusing. Do they square with those
given earlier re; vesting and claims? Does the last sentence meand that the JRSO filed
7,078 claims (thought it was 11,000) against frozen victim assets, but only 35 of these
claims concerned assets vested after 1946 (which would represent 3 percent of the
overall 4,226 [?] vesting orders, of which most, 68 percent or about 3,900, were issued
post 1946). The whole thing needs to be clarified and the number cross-checked.
Chapter 6
�,
implementing U,S policy in the field, and in the absence of contrary direction, ought to
have followed such reasoning. Obviously, one longer-range problem was the difficulty
in applying its "internal restitution" policies to Hungary as the US Army did not control
Hungarian territory and could promulgate no restitution laws, etc.
I
229/3-7 Study notes that it was only in March 1946 that former belligerents such as
Hungary were allowed to submit claims through the national commissions that were
established. This would explain, again, why Hungarian organizations were rebuffed
prior to that date and required to funnel their requests through those commissions
following that d~cision.
231/3-11 Earlier commission studies blamed the US Army for not extending the
deadlines for restitution. Such decisions not surprisingly appeared to have been made
at higher levels, as indicated by the citation (#46), so I would think that the "discussion
of the terminatic;m of the restitution program" noted in the footnote be summarized in the
text.
232-233 The report notes the return of concentration camp assets to the countries of
national origin by OMGUS; since the property is somewhat similar, these actions would
in this case ague that the same ought to have been applied to Hungary. The contention
by Marshal or o'ne of his assistants that US policy toward the gold train property was
thus determined by an Army decision that its contents were "heirless" seems incorrect,
as everyone knew that it came from Hungary (whether or not specific heirs could be
identified).
I
239/9-10 This statement is incorrect (see also 244/1-3). Instead the US government
and the Tripartite Gold Commission took a narrow definition of both monetary and non
monetary gold, holding that the form not the content, or origin of the Gold was critical-
thereby stopping Colonel Bernstein's efforts on behalf of OMGUS and the FED to
investigate the i.ssue of tainted gold (all covered in the first Eizenstadt report). (Calling
this a "liberal interpretation" is extremely misleading. An explanation of the reasons
behind that decision has never appeared (to my knowledge) and the commission report
ought to cover t,hat subject.
239-240 The discussion re material passed to the IGCR outlines clearly US policy
regarding restitl;ltion implementation in a contentious area, and illustrates that the
decision to make practicality a major factor in the process was made at the highest
levels and not sometl1ing made up in the field. In effect, military officials were charged
with determining the practicality of implementing certain aspects of restitution with
instructions that cost be a key evaluation factor. Similarly, the commission report
criticizes the US government (244/1-3) for "seeking a speedy characterization of
property as "unidentifiable" with the clear implication that the whole concept of
recognizing successor organizations was unfair and ought to be discontinued (but
elsewhere it seems to approve them and the concept that they represented).
�182 Here and elsewhere (see also 188/9-10) the shortage of MFA&A officers is noted,
but not explained. In part, the problem reflected the generally small number of experts
in America, of general military age (18-50 in this case), who were qualified in such
areas. In the same vein, Treasury, as we know from the Eizenstadt gold report, had an
extremely difficult time putting a team of assayers together in the immediate postwar
period to assist the FED in valuating the gold and other precious metals that had been
seized (see criticism on 199/3-10 on problems in FED capabilities). And the problem is
still serious today, with civilian or contractor deployments to combat zones limited
legally--and when I last looked, there were only two art experts (one at the Met and one
at the Smithsonic;ln) in the Civil Affairs branch of the Army Reserves who could be
legally called up to deploy overseas. Something ought to be said about the problem
here as it could also translate into a recommendation that an adequate number of such
speCialists be (et~ined in the Reserve Components or that other solutions be developed
(which would me~h with .any policy recommendations that the Commission wishes to
make in the area' of current policy and doctrine).
I
21017 -13 This paragraph contains a' good, lucid statement of US policy regarding looted
property as applied to art work and then, with many, many exceptions, to other assets.
Three points with reference to the Hungarian Gold Train. First, German artwork was
treated separately because Germany was a former belligerent, not because it was
stolen--the same:could apply to Hungary and other former axis powers. Second,
German artwork was returned to the nation of origin and not to any national
government, a situation that could not be applied to Hungary. Third, the spirit of the
third category, personal property, was carried out when national commissions were
established by both west and eastern European governments were established in
claims for property, to include looted property, back to the original
Vienna to funnel
owners if those claims could be substantiated (see also 220/1-1 Off and 228-229) And
many items from the Gold Train were returned to Hungarian and their Hungarian
owners through this process, a process that is not discussed in this chapter nor on the
later section on Hungarian gold ..
all
213-215 Table 1, title refers to itemized description of the first 77 shipments to the FED
but only 17 are actually listed.
Chapter 5: another clear, strong chapter, one that is well written and balanced but also
ought to be more: comprehensive. The discussion of US policy (which might have come
earlier) is as welcome as it is thorough. As suggested earlier, sections on the Baltic
countries and Hungary belong here, as like Austria and Germany they were .
"exceptions" to US general policy. In contrast, the section on the United States belongs
elsewhere, and it: would improve the overall study if the authors combined that material
with some of the matter presented earlier in chapter 3 that focuses on postwar actions
in America.
218/7-10 If consistency is a virtue (vice exceptions), then the US ought to have applied
the same criteria:to German and Hungary--or at least the. officers in the American Army
�129-132 If about 12,000 of the 19,321 vesting orders were issued after August 1946 (p.
129), or over 14,000 after 1945 (pp. 129-130), how can one conclude that "the postwar
vesting program was therefore more limited in scope."? Or are the authors talking
about only the :vesting of items that might fal! into the category of victim assets? And
why would there be 62,000 claims for under 20,000 vestings? And if the JRSO
instituted by itself 11,000 of those claims for 19,312 vestings, it suggests that that
organization b~lieved that most of the vesting were applied to victim property--which
does not mesh with the general discussion of the issue in the text.
138-139 The study implies here that the US government ought to have slowed down
defrosting so that its benefactors would not have to pay taxes on any funds returned, a
rather strange contention.
Chapter 4: This is a fairly good chapter, comprehensive and well-balanced. The matter
of US troop looting is handled quite well as are most other instances when US policy
and execution ,Was somewhat less than successful--but with both the challenges to US
efforts and their successes also amply covered.
.
142/14 No sig:nificant assets were recovered in the field prior to the final offensive into
Germany--substitute "during" for "just prior to."
,
156/6-9 Is May 1945 the first time that references to looted property is transmitted
down to troop units or at least personnel executing Army plans? Previously, in North
Africa and Italy (as in World War I), the emphasis is on preserving monuments, with art
and archives slowly growing in importance, but still with the objective of just preserving.
Knowing first ti'me looted property is addressed and the first time the concept of
restitution is addressed at these levels would give us a better idea of what was
expected of the Army in the field.
162-163 The conclusion that "the Army [in Europe] likely used looted currencies or
,
currencies obtained through the sale of victim's property to support the final American
advance" is not supported by any evidence and is not logical. First, anything that would
support the final advance through Germany, namely fuel supplies or vehicles--or even
quarters--could be and was requisitioned in accordance with international law. But
more important, the likelihood that US troops would have seized legal currency, turned
that currency over to their division finance officer, who would then use that currency
(rather than barter) to purchase something from German civilians, all with the
supposition that those particular monies was connected directly with victim assets, is
rather remote.· It would be more accurate and useful to say something like: "The
directive's failure to mention the possibility of finding looted currencies again
.
demonstrated the Army's focus on more immediate concerns, with questions about
victim assets something to be handled by others after the close of the war.". If that is in
fact the case, such contention could be part of a more general effort in the study to
recommend in: its conclusion that these matters--how to handle victim property--be
incorporated into Army doctrine and manuals today.
�USGCC. The transfer of the MFA&A from the G-S to the USGCC illustrates the
transition, although the whole process was somewhat troubled by US and Allied policy
indecision at higher levels.
SO/6 What were the "three subordinate branches'?
62/S "Muddled" is not the right word (indecision is not the same thing as confusion or
indecisiveness); ,suggest saying "of complex policy making and execution."
75/7 Here is an example where the definition--or lack of a useful one--of "heirless
assets" influenced US policy at the time and the analysis of the report as well. A broad
interpretation of individual property ownership would ensure that no property was truly
heirless--but was such a position practicable, and if not where does one draw the lines?
Chapter III This ;is a complex chapter, based largely on an unpublished history of the
FCC, APC annual reports, and a few secondary sources. A strong editorial hand would
easily be able to reduce some of the jargon and improve the prose, with commensurate
gains in clarity. (If the authors of this section could use some concrete examples of the
policies discussed--as they do in the matter of vesting--the presentation would be
similarly improv~d.) A major problem is the absence of any estimate of the percentage
or value of victim's assets that might have been effected by American policies. Even
some anecdotal 'evidence, in the absence of hard data, would be welcome. But simply
saying that "caught up in the blocking and vesting policy mechanisms were, without any
doubt, victim's assets" (82/3-4) is not enough, especially when it is later admitted that
most of the foreign assets were owned by large corporations or a few very wealthy
individuals in Great Britain and Canada (pp. 88-91). We know that the JRSO filed
11,000 claims on vested property, but little else--and apparently no one else did which
accounts for the bUlk settlement. Finally, the sections on vesting, defrosting, and so
forth is unduly complex and in part duplicates the more lucid account in Chapter 5 (pp.
264-278).
80/1 It is doubtful that the US tried seriously. to undermine Axis econornic strength
before World Ww II.
87/1 How would the importation of looted assets for disposal "weaken the U.S.
economy"? In general, the Axis supported such efforts to strengthen their own war
efforts and did not employ such efforts as direct economic weapons.
104/3-10 Here is an example of the confusion in this chapter: What required FFC
licensing? The WRB, its programs andlor actions, or just the money? Where did these
private funds financing a government organization (!) come from? Why were (last
sentence) appropriated funds used? (or does this reference mean that the board used
2.S million of the 20 million as overhead in some way?) What does all this have to do
with holocaust assets?
�elsewhere as it' upsets the logic of the chronological presentation--and duplicates in
many cases material found later.
27 -28/ The study generally makes an effort to show the significance of cl,Jrrency
statistics by converting them into contemporary figures, but the practice is not always
followed, and dught to be for such data to have any meaning.
29/10 ("Nor was the U.S. Army immune to anti-Jewish sentiments.") Seems gratuitous;
suggest that it would be more effective to say "Such feelings, in fact, pervaded
American society and were present at all levels of government, to include the U.S.
Army." Although there is no evidence yet presented that it influenced Army actions or
the postwar efforts of other U.S. agencies, it certainly should be said.
29/11 Indent and drop "throughout Europe" for accuracy (say "The horrors perpetrated
by Nazi Germany during the 1930s drew little more than ....").
,
35/3-6 Change for accuracy to read, "With victory over Nazi Germany secured, the US
Army began separating itself from its British ally and on 1 July, 1945, established an
independent Ar:nerican command .... Soon after SHAEF was dissolved."
I
41/2-9 Something is missing from this paragraph; need to check. Also, having a soldier
make $12,000 or $110,000 from a few cartons (?) of cigarettes on the blackmarket
needs a little explanation and/or a better footnote than a general text on modern
German history
. 42/13~14 Something missing from sentence.
45/2-3 For clarity a bit more explanation is needed. Something like, "As American
combat units m'oved through Allied nations, such as France and Belgium, their task was
to reestablish t8e existing civilian infrastructure, using military supplies and capabilities
only as a last r~sort. In Germany, however, their task was more complex as their
mission slowly evolved into one of more direct involvement. And it was these tiny
detachments that were often ...."
46/4-7 This does not appear to be accurate. The basic responsibility of the "5" staffs
was to ensure that the 'legal responsibilities of the military commanders toward the
.civilian population were satisfied. Generally this meant that civilians in their area of
responsibility had adequate food, shelter, medical care, security, etc. (and, for example,
the problem of importing food received attention at the highest military commands levels
because of the,issue's complexity). Again, the best way for this to happen from a
military commander's viewpoint was to reestablish civilian authority as quickly as
possible--so that the civilian economy might even help the military effort (e.g., it was
French officials and French civilian labor that reestablished the metropolitan SNCF rail
network that was critical to Allied logistics in 1944 and 1945). The G-5 did not really
have the expertise or training to establish or assist in the establishment of a new
German government, so it was logical to create a new organization for that purpose, the
,
,
�Enclosure 1
Chapter 1 (Introduction): Well written and organized, it borders on being an executive
summary itself. In either case it ought to include the primary conclusions and findings of
the study (the recommendations could be elsewhere), especially as it seems to lose all
of its steam after the annotated chapter outline (p. 11). In this respect, the introduction
also might want to take a positive tact, referring to the many innovative policies and
procedures pursued by the United States during this period and the accomplishments
that did take place. Compared to those undertaken by other victors then and in the
past, US actions were markedly benevolent, setting high standards for the future--and
that aspects of the program must also be captured.
Page/line
6/9-11 The third point says essentially that "we don't know if anything was stolen, but if
it was we don't know about it" and suggests that looted property might have been re
stolen by "others" (Russian troops, DPs, the French). It would be more useful and
accurate to say something like, "Third, the confusion that accompanied the closing
months of the war provided many opportunities for the outright theft of such property,
especially personal valuables, actions which undiscovered would have left no trace of
their ultimate fate." That way, you would at least cast the net around US troops, who
also did their sh~re of looting, as pointed out by many studies including the report.
B/top paragraph' When mentioned published works, those of Mike Kurtz ought to be
mentioned prominently as they dealt with US policy regarding art work during this
period. (And, of course, Mike is the deputy Chief Archivist at NARA and chairman of the
Interagency Group on the Declassification of Nazi-Related documents.)
12/6-7 This statement is misleading, as its subject is generally limited to real estate and
businesses, where a large number of German custodians were necessary, and not to
art, cultural and personal property, and other financial assets.
12/10-14 This conclusion re the devesting and unfreezing of assets does not seem to
mesh with the conclusion presented in the text.
.
12/bottom As suggested earlier, a stronger command of the terminology used (re
"heirless," for example), might clarify the concluding sections here. The point that the
US adopted a (is "revolutionary" too strong a term?) ownership restitution policy and
implemented it pragmatically needs to be underlined--then other things make sense:
Why, for exampfe, former belligerents like Germany and Hungary were treated
differently than france or the Netherlands, or Austria and the Balitics.
Chapter II This is a strong chapter, providing general background for the entire report,
and more detailed scene-setting for the chapters that follow. But I strongly recommend
that it be cut off in 1945, with that material focusing on the postwar period moved
I
�08/29/2000 TUB 10:38 FAX 202'371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS ~~~ Researchers at the C' ~002/016
Conunents on the Work Draft Historical Report of the Presidential Advisory
Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Gerald D. Feldman
, I would like to preface these remarks by expression of my sympathy with the '
,
I
difficulties: of the task faced by the Commission and by everyone who ,did the leg-work,
involved. 'On the one hand. there is an extraordinary amount of material available. On
the other, there are huge gaps just where one would like to answers to key questions. I
am also co~izant of the difficulties irivolved in putting together so much material from
what appears to have been a set of disparate reports generated within the working group
I
',
in what has Clearly been too little available time. The report contains a great deal of
information and is very useful as a factual account of military, clvilian. and private
organizatidns dealing with Holocaust assets. It is not, however. a very connected
,document. The report seems to be pasted together and lacking in the development of
I
coherent themes in such a way that one knows what the chief problems 'are and what are
i
the key messages
the authors intend to convey.
This is rather surprising given. the three
membel'8 of the research staff. who are not known to be shy about saying what they think
1
or to bein~xperienced in presenting their work. Is this their work or tbe distillation of
,
,
their work? The report appears as an authorless composite, nnd one wonders what the
criteria were for the selection of material and what was excluded arid why. In 'some
respects, the report is too long for what it tells us and too short on explaining why
various, things happened and what the most important issues are.
I
I will now briefly tum nttention to each of the chapters and mention problems that
drew my attention as well as comment more generally on them.
1'
�)8/29/2000 TUB 10:38 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS ~~~ Researchers at the C
I was quite astonished that the discussion of who was a victim was
"forthcoming." (p. 3) How can one discuss the control and restitution ofvictirn asscts
when one does not have 811
agreed~upon
understanding of whom one is defining as a
victim? What. indeed, is a "Holocaust asset?" Obviously we are dealing with more than
those who e~ther died in "or survived the concentration camps, but are we, for example, "
I
,
dealing wit~ I~ws who left Germany in the early phases of the regime and took up
, residence iridhls country and elsewhere, sometimes changing their citizenship, sometimes
not? This i~"not a trivial question since the German Govemment frequently deprived
individuals ~f their Citizenship by decree and held all their assets forfeit to the German
~,
/
<
Financial a~thorities while, under the 11,1t Decree
of the Reich CitizenshiprLaw of
November 1941. Jews living outside the Reich were stripped of their citizenship and their
assets were declared forfeit. However, Oerm.an fmancial institutions and authorities were
quite worried about being sued in American and other foreign courts for the confiscation
of the assets of German Jews who already had
c~tizenship
taken up American or SOme other"foreign
and who could not be deprived Qfa citizenship they had already surrendered.
,
.
"
If such pers9n's assets are to be included in the scope of what is under discussion here.
,
then perhaps some discussion of the degree to, which we provided protection or sought to
provide prot~tion for the interests of such persons both prior to and after the end of the
war deserve consideration. In this connection, it would be of interest to know the
pOSition taken by our legal authorities toward. for example. the surrender of assets of oui
citizens to German authorities by Swiss insurance companies, banks, and companies
operating in'the Reich. In any case, I think it important to defme and discuss who the
victims are in order to determine whether the major problems have been adequately
2
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covered and investigated. Let me urge, however. that the report make no effort to
determine the magnitude of the assets involved (p. 6). The Volcker Commission quite
i
.
'
rightly decided not to try this in their investigation and the Historical Commission of the
. '
.
Deutsche Bank bas.also'decided against mitking uncertain and tenuous calculations in a
forthcoming study of Aryanizations. There are simply too many gaps in the information
to establish viable global estimates. and J would really want to be convinced that there is
.
I
•
a viable way to extrapolate from what we know to what we do not know. The point I am
. making here is, in fact, made very well by the authors on page 409 ~f the Report. Also, r
,
think: that the use of 1999 values should be limited to where they make some kind of
sense. There is no point whatever in saying that a lieutenant using his cigarette allowance
. on the blac~ market could pocket $12,000, or the equivalent of SllO,OOO today, in four
.
.
i
.
months at tb,at time. (p. 41. See also page 66, bottom.)
J
i
Chapter 2 provides important background information. and I have no problems
with the faCts presented. I do have problems with the conclusion, which does not seem to
take the reader an)"\Vhere. Obviously, the us AmLy had a big job on its hands. It would
appear from the next-to·last paragraph that the Army operated without guidelines. while
I
;
'
.
the only engaged department back at home was Treasury. Certaitlly'more should be said
.
,
about the I.triplications of this situation, which de:als with the central issues of the study.
Clearly the context, which is well laid out in the chapter. is important. but the context
often seems to overwhelm the central problem. It would be interesting to have an
assessment in more concrete tenus of the job done by the army and military government,
,
.
I
the processes by which decisions were made, and the personnel involved in order to ha,ve
3
�08/29/2000 TUE 10:42 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
444
Researchers at the C
.
a deeper explanation of its successes and failures. There is more of this in Chapter 5, and
,
\
"
it might be helpful to pull the material together in oncplace and expand on the problems.
·Chapter 3 provides 8. wealth of important infonnatioJ}, but leaves me curious ,
,
i,
,"
.
about a few questions that may be of significance. I would like to know more about why
the US decided not to respond to Germany's actions in 1938-1939 (p. 85), and I would
'
"
also be curious if Poland was included in the freezing of assets discussed in the next
. pa.ragraph.llls not mentioned, but I presume this is an oversight. I wop.der if we could
itot learn more about the issue of looted securities and the problem of the control of
imported securities. (p. 93) There has been considerable discussion about the role of the
American banks in this
area, espeCially Chase, and i~ would be useful to know if thcre is
more infonnation about this. How coopetative were the banks? How energetic was the
control over their holdings in this ar.ea? Is there evidence of slippage? The problem of
looted securities is left hanging in the conclusion to thi~ chapter.(p. 139) With regard to
the discussion of general licenses for the four neutral countries and the transfer of funds
from the pnited States (p~ 100). how effective was blacklisting of companies belonging .
to Germans that were "cloaked" in controlling potential abuse of the system?
I found Chapter 4 informative and con,vincing. However, on page ISS the reader
is left hanging as to whether a standard documenting procedure was ever adopted and is
only told that it was still under review in May 1945, If it wa:screat~ was it. a good one?
,
The conclusion to the chap~r is a reasonable one,'but it is perhaps more apologetic in
tone about imperfections than it need be and less forthright than· it might be about what
, might have been missed by way of assets or, perhaps, what has been found to have been
missed in subsequent years.
4
~005/016
�08/29/2000 TUB 10:43 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS 4~4 Researchers at the C
Chapter 5 is tilled with important lilformation that really needs further
development. and I had the constant feeling that one was getting ne~-judgments but that
the authors then backed
off from expounding on them with evidential authority. The
turning of the job of restitution over to the Gern.a.ns is a terribly important issue and has
obvious parallels with the denazification, which was also turned over to the.Gennans.
The results of denazification. as ,historians now generally agree, were terrible. first,
because it was a misconceived program and. second, because the Gennans finished the
job as miserably as we started it. As I read pages 253-259 ,and especially the specific
r
analogy made on page 257, J, had the feeling that a more sustained and deeper discussion
was desirable. Turning to another matter. I was surprised to find no discussion of the
effects of the currency reform on different categories of restitution and how the
knowledge of an impending currency reform and the actual implementation of the, reform
might have influenced the strategies ofthep~es involved. I also think that more' needs
to be said abOut the role of the JRSO in its role as an advocate of victim restitution in'
Germany and the United States, and its role as a recipient and distributor of asset.~. The
,
issue crops up in this 'chapter and then crops up again at the end of the next I realize that
this is an einotional and political issue that is 'very "touchy," but Hhink that this
Commission, which has turned up important new ma~erial, can help clear the air and raise
the level of the unavoidable discussion and debate by providing a: balanced assessment..
At the minimum. it needs tq pull together what it bas to say on this subject. Similarly. the
OAP story needs explanation and more needs to be said about whether anyone tried or
succeeded in doing anything about the rather outrageous situation diSC14ssed on pages
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Researchers at t,be C
276-178, What were the relations between the OAP, on the one hand, and the JRSO and
Congress. on the other?
The discussion of the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. is extremely interesting
and important, although the description of.Koppel Pinson's administrative performance
rather ~epressingreading as is the account of the handling of the paintings, It might be
worth noting in the text that Pinson was the author of what was the most widely u$ed
. textbook ori:Qerman history for a long time, and perhaps greater identification should be
given to Hannah ~ndt, Salo Baron. and Gersbom Sholem. These were, after all. very
important persons in American, as well as Jewish. intellectual life. Insofar as the ..
paintings are concerned, here again one really needs somewhere an evaluation of the role
of the JRSO, its accomplishments and its limitations. This is probably the chapter to do
,
it, but then some of the material in earlier chapters dealing with the JRSO in Europe
needs to be considered and pe~haps placed here. The balance iD. th~ chapter i~ rather
.strange since most of the chapter deals with cultural reconstruction and then one gets a '
few pages on heirless assets.
Chapter 7 does a good job
of presentingthrce big "screw-ups." but what exactly
is the point ·of separating them out like this un~ess they are really exceptional? The
concluding sentence on page 353-"A1thou~ they appear to be special cases~ the degree
to which they were exceptional is unclear."-is really not very illuminating. If they were
typical, then they have conSequences for the. whole stqry bemg told.
Obviously there is a great deal more res,earch and work to be done-I ?,a~ very
surprised to fmd no discussion of how so much stolen art found its way into American
museums--and there is nothing wrong with the Commission saying so and treating its
6
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report,
-+H
Researchers at the C
~hich r hope will be revised along some of the lines· I ha~e suggested. as a basic
assessment and point
of d~parture for future historical research.
,
I do think that even now
it can say something more about the roles played by the Cold War and the creation of the
~tate
of Israe!' In any case, having read other reports produced by U.S. authorities and by
other national commissions abroad, I do fmd the report a bit too descriptive and agnostic
when it comes to fonning a critical judgment about the major issues~ At the very
minimum, it ne<;:ds, on the one hand, to state what failures it considers overdetermined
by
the historical conditions under which the actors operated and the unprecedented nature of
the problems faced and, on the other, where the actors faced genuine alternatives and
made wrong decisions out of self-interest or que~tionable political and economic
priorities.
r presume that we" will be infoI'IIl:ed at the meeting about som~ of the policy
implications of what has been found and what the, cODsequences of the report are
supposed to be.
7
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Professor Jonathan Steinberg. Wolter H. Annl:llberg Profe:aoor ofM¢dern European J:futory
,
Department of History. University of PetmSy1~e. 340 1 Wa!nat Street. 347D
Philadelphia, PA 19104~228. USA
,ComhJe.ots by- Historical Consultant on the
WorldngDraft, ~ugust 11, 2000
HISTORICAL REPORT
The Presidential Comnrlsslon on Holocaust Assets
In the United States
I
. General Comments:
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The report,is well written, clear and bas been prepared in a professional
"j
manner. It reads well, much of it is .fu.scinatin& some of it * especially the account of
the :fate ofthe Hungarian "gold train" 'or
mess with the bookS loaned DPs from
the OAD - quite disturbing. My uncle Phil (Rabbi Philip W. Bernstein) seems to have
pJayedaif¢quivoall part in spiriting the "SchoIem" books to Jerusalem.
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Two main issues emerge: the :first is the function ofthls report. I am not clear
why it bas been prepared, to whOm it is addressed and to What end. An acrount oftbe .
treatment ofHolocaust assets in the USA bas no need. oflong historlc8.l excursions or
descriptions ofwbat was found in the Merkers ~ne. A report which simply set out
the legal issues, listed the holdings and dealt With the problem of c1a.in1ants would be
quite adequate for the potential claimants. I suppose there are lessons to be learned
from the treatment of assets in the aftemiath ofthe war but they are pretty genetal,
apply to a period which is unlikely ever to be repeated, and to an American
administration which has moved on in the past fifty years. I may have missed
something here) but, ffLhave not, a more substantial description of the report and a .
more explicit justification should be set Out in the introduction, and there w:i14 I trust,
be a proper conclusIon at the end.
The other reservation cODCerns estimates oftotal c.la1:ms.. The paragraph on
"hown:mch?' [PpS-6) must be, cut and no other such calculations sbould be made.
There are two teasonsfor. my strong aversion to global guesses about the vaiue of
Holo~st assets. They are, firstly, impossible to do, as the,authors themselves
concede, and, secondly, dangerous. The press likes billion dollar sumS and will blow
, them up. Anti-semites in Germany, Austria and Switzerland will immediately point
to further greedy claims by l4Jews~ and cauSe trouble. We have no need to givethese
CreatuIesfree ammunition.
Finally, there must be a glossary ofterms. '~cb.eatn "vest" etc are not
househo ld wordS. There must also be a good list ofabbreviations and possibly a guide
to the various Jewish organi:zations, whose names and abbreViations are simply
.
.
impossible to remember and keep separate.
Detail comments;
p. 12line 6 "80,000" German bureaucrats handle restitution in Germany. Where
does that number COme from?
p. 161ine 4 Dutch, Danish, Norwegian and other Scandinavians as well as Balts
were "nordicn 8nd not ''i.n.f'eriof'.
Footnotes 3 to 6 are feeble. There, are plenty ofbetter sources than Bullock's ancient
biography of Hitlert which in his plain English common-sense way does not take
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. ProfeSIOl' 10Mthan Stembag, Walter H. Annmb<:r,g Profet;t<n: ofMo&:m 'EuropeanHistory
Department ofHisroty, University ofPent\.iylwnia. 3401 WalnUt SImlt,. 341B
Pbiladelph:ia. PA 19104-6228. USA
Hit1er's ideology seriously. A few quotes from Mein Kmnpf, Rosenbergts ttMyth of
the Twentieth Century", Hitler's 30 January 1939 ('prophesy" or his ~ble talk~' :
would do the job.
p. 17 line 11. .It was not a ''Civil Service Law' but a ULaw for the Restoration of the
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Professional Civil Service". .
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p. 18, line 6 Reichsfluchtsteuercould not have been hlstituted under a democratic
republic. Foreign exchange controls, on the other hand, were.
.
p. 2S The account oCthe mission oCthe Einsat.z.gruppen is wrong. The text should
.read: "Their initial mission has nevetbeen entirely clarified by historians and there
are eontlictmg accounts given by those SS leaders who stood trial after the war.
Docwnentary evidence does exist which shows tbat Bolshevik fUnctionaries in civil
and military administration and male Jews were to be singled out and executed. In
AUgust 1941, orders appears to have been given to extend the ldlling to .Jewish
women and children and oId people over 65". Cite Christopher Browning or
Christian Ger]ach's recent work fur the latest stage ofresearch.
p. 26 line 4 The actUal treatroerit of Soviet POWs is complicated. The 'sentence :should
read: "In due course, Soviet prisoners ofwar
allowed to starve or were d~rted
to the Reich fur furced labor. Estimates indicate that more than two million POWs .
perished between 1941 and 1943." Footnote Christian Streit and Christian Gerlaph.
p. 261ines 4-5 not "for the 1ewish race in Europe" but"fo.r the Jewish question".
p. 27 p.. 44 insert "r" in uermord.erten"
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p. 273 patagraph. An exact description and mttnbers for so--ca1led ''Mehner"
deliveries can be fuund in Jonathan Steinberg, The Deutsche Bank and its Gold
transactio71$ in tM Second World War, (Munich; Verlag C.R. Beck) 1999) pp 33-6
p. 3S ~e 8, Lt Oen Lucius Clay l&a]so loomed large over this period". What is that
supposed to mean?
p. 36, line 6" EaCh zonal commander did not become ''soveregli' in his zone.
. Sovereign authority was the~A11ied power which named him.
p. 37 n. 70 insert"iu in "alliierter" and lower case ''a''
. .
p.38 2nd para. liIie 1 ~~2
deaths": where does that number come from?
p.41·lines lO-ll miasmg
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p. 1471.fue 1 up: Oborgruppenftihrer (his SS rank) Karl Wolfis better than ''General''
because be was a- ('General der Poli:zei" and not the Wehrmacht
p. 160 line 11
between ''be" and "eap~d"
p. 257lliie 2 up Federal not "F.E.D.eral"
p. 258 line 12
ditto
.
··p.284 the JRSO'g cbatges: were they fair? un:.thlr? Should the authors not comment
were
million
space
on.them? '
.
p. 286 .line 2up shqu1d read "Baden-Wuerttemberg" not the other way round.
p. 288 n.29 line 3up "conseil" and- tjfidischen"
p. 289 n. 31, line It
Baeck not "BoecJC';
p. 295 line 8 insert "Atrlerican" after "Latin".
p. 289 How did the great Hannah Arendt get the job as Exec. Sec. oftbe JCR? Some
graphy here needed. Cite EHza~ YoungpBruebl her biographer for the reference.
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ambridge, England,
August 23, 2000
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�Commentary on PCHA Historical Report Ms DRAFT of 8111100
Robert P. Grathwol
August 30, 2000
Chapters 3-6 only
p. 133
p.149
throughout
p. 156+/
p.206
p.210
p.210-11
p.212
p.220
p.222
p.222
War claims no explanation, see p. 350, fn 318 for an adequate explanation
What happened to Italian gold?
adviser or advisor ~ pick one and search and replace
descriptions allow shortening of ch. 2, I think. In cooperation with SHAEF the
U.S. Army developed extensive policies and procedures for dealing with looted
assets (see chapter 4). Advanced planning particularly for art and cultural
property established units with well-developed guidelines for handling captured.
assets, but the Army's planning also included units and guidelines that'covered
gold and other monetary and non-monetary assets (see esp. ch. 4, pp. 143ff.). The
guidelines, training, and numbers of personnel were inadequate to the enormity of
the situation, however.
parcel post packages sent back home. Not "loot" in commission's sense as
described. Significance is that AG report exposes a hole in the sys~em and no one
knows how big it was. May be unknowable.
Form for restitution to govts. Clause that govt agrees to hold items as a custodian
pending determination oflawful owners. THIS IS A BIG DEAL and needs to be
emphasized in the conclusion (to chapter and to whole). Of course, no
mechanism for enforcement is provided (or perhaps even possible), and no
procedure for review of govts' actions.' Not the Army's job.
Govts agreed to provide USFET with estimate of restituted objects value and any
info. on possessionofobjects since 1939. ANY COMPLIANCE?? Need to say
yes or no. Again, perhaps a pious hope.
Chap. summary-conclusion: can reflect on shortcomings, losses of goods, "trust"
of govts to whom restitution made and their obligation to identify victims/owners.
Summarize lapses and failures: -- lack of experts, of guards, no time for
inventories, lack of transportation, all resulting in imperfect implementation of
procedures which on paper look pretty good.
National govts' role see ch. 4 p. 21 Off. Need to emphasize that this policy
guideline runs throughout operations from this early discussion to end o[1J.S.
involvement with looted assets. It is crucial that U.S. policy discussions from .
.
very beginning give prominent role to govts rather than to individuals.
More can be made of exclusion of household items, It eliminates vast categories
of loot, perhaps relevant to Gold Train situation (rugs, dinnerware are household
items, even ifit is no justification for Collins' behavior), How goes one /' ()I/+/ll..
categorize furs, for instance? £s 1lff> 1£"fL, oI/-l fA L. Ie V? IF $'' , ,.,.s.oT!:
Interdiv. committee discussed restitution to individual [Ellen Dulles], but rejected
it as a paramo\ll1t consideration in favor of restitution to countries. [By extension,
perhaps, to collective entities, e.g. successor organizations acting for a whole
category of victims ,as a country would presumably for its· citizens.] This seems
(4cVj r~ ))4
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to me crucial for the direction of later decisions in implementing policy.
Compensation for ... racial and religious minorities. Should this be stressed in
the conclusion (chapter or whole)? Compromise on restitution to Jews directly
because of "resentment" that direct property restoration movoke. Is this ~
L.1
latent anti-Semitism? A tendency to blame the victim?,
.( ~'l&v-l
. '
German restitution by paying for resettlement of victims; tlTIu inte'tnational
organization; pay an indemnity for each individual. What ever becomes of this,
and why is it relevant to U.S. control of assets? - I So fr,..,'\. ~ "'-' I! e.'(; -:
secti?n m~st relevan~ - no absolute righ~o rertJ(ion; limited ~y ~al
conSIderatIOns. . t . . . . .,pl('); ct:. (l. I' !''\. ~
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So the factors are: reseniment, econ stabilitY, social tensions, administrative
burdens. All this produced a "twofold plan"
.
opposing visions of postwar Germany - involved levels of conflict between State
and Treasury overwhat kind of postwar Germany U.S. wanted. That set
parameters for the POLICY. The Army developed its own set of guidelines for
PROCEDURES for dealing with captured loot.
restitution described here took place at same time that Army officers were
working to consolidate and inve~ assets that it continued to discover in vast
quantities. See chap. 4, pp.?? II ( 11175 ()A U( V c)",:J tj
By 1946 U.S. govt had ceased re~titu to Baltic states because\ ...This principle
G
influenced later decisions on restitution to Baltic states discussed in chap. ???
Issue of restitution of securities - enphasize that restitution is to countries, not
individuals.
Again, principle of restitution to country prevails when restituting bonds, jewelry,
silver bullion, precious stones, securities, wedding rings. Material found in
~
envelopes, presumably with names, but went to countries.
Paris Rep Agreemt. - all non-monetary gold to go to international relief
organizations - not individuals same collective as a country. By this principle,
any non-monetary gold that went into gold pool wold have gone to international
relief organizations. Victim assets to support collective relief.
Aid to IGCR - to go to rehabilitation or resettlement of persons in the elligible
classes" of uprooted. So, again, restitution to individuals (or aid) subordinated to
a collective entity, a common good.
"practicability" of determining.ownership just an implementing principle of the
general rule that collective relief more important than individual restitution ..
IRO had disincentive to investigate ownership - collective reliefvs. individ right
"practicability" rule applied to household items. Perfectly consistent with
Interdivisional commission discussed p. 222. Worth pointing out here that Army
is following policy eriunciated in 1943 (?date)
In summary handling of heirless assets shows a clear predeliction to favor
restitution to the refugees as a class/category rather than as an individual.
MG wanted money paid in restitution to stay in Germany (1946 discussion of
MiL Law 59). This is perfectly consistent with overall U.S. policy, implemented (: '-'
through the Army, to do everything possible to support the German economy.
The flexibility/ease of filing under MG Law 59 does not come through here as it
did in discussion on July 27. I think it is worth emphasizing
,
L
p.223
p.225
p.226
p.227
p.228
p.229
p.230
p.233
p.235
p.238
p.239
p.240
p.241
pp.243-4
p.247
p.252
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p.257
p.258
Gennan involvement in administering Law 59 - consistent with progressive
~
return of all govt functions (elections, constituent assembly, Basic Law) to .Gennans, but certainly compromised restitution. Again worth mentioning.
Chance to mention that lack of success in Gennan involvement in restitution
paralleled lack of success with Gennan implementation of denazification.
Adviser/or on Jewish Affairs mentioned here and several other places, but as a
FINDTI,,{G we might say that role of Jewish advisor examined episodically but not
systematically explored, and it ought to be.
Austria - so where does discussion leave us - Austria vs. Gennany, which did
..
better or worse?
'\!"
Blocked assets released by FFC again foreign govts responsible for detennining k"
tt
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ownership of property. The very consistent application of this principle is a
J &~]
major finding in my mind. Exceptions can be explained by Cold War politics or
by placing another collective (Jews as a special category of victims) over the
v-t.
c,Ollective of the state. {~(,,~v e(( Jrfs ~ ;(ltA,.NflfltJ; 1b Jflsu
. ~D''')
Where is the documentation ~ple? Shouldn't it be given?
Whole discussion of successor organizations shows how prevalent "collective"
restitution was both in U.S. govt and among influential Jewish organizations.
This principle often overrode restitution to individuals.
fn 5, Jewish advisor comes up often in this chapter. We ought to collect
/"
documentary info and include ref. to it in What Remains.
~i ~~
Magnes of Hebrew U. Not concerned with return to rightful owners. This again
F' ",.
C;
makes the point about collective vs. individuaL
Jewish adviser and loan ofbks to DPs. Concern of officials at MF AA is
restoration to individuals.
Overridden by arguments from Rifkind and acceptance by Clay. Whole episode
illustrates the dilemma of the issue -conflicting interests and priorities, agents of
the U.S. govt receiving conflicting instructions, seeming dereliction of duty
~
explainable by countennands from higher authority, disregard of obligations
undertaken when in fact people may have been following a "higher" moral
,
imperative.
v
Schildkret & reflection of clashes w/in Jewish community over how to handle
restitution - indiv vs collective. Officer attitudes towards "Zionists" and towards
getting "the organization off rOAD's] neck" for good and all."
smelting of ceremonial items - a practical decision that provoked dissent within
<;;£M../'-'
;~
the Jewish community that made the decision.
~iM
Fkft museum objects to American museums rather than to Fkft. Anotht;:r
suspension ofthe p-ple of "ownership." Jewish community worldwide divided
over which p-ple to follow.
JCR made provisions for individ redemption of its holdings, even after they were
transferred to museums
JRSO didn't always take claims of ownership seriously, especially if paintings
'were ot very valuable." Value then may not correspond to value today.
JRSO paintings story shows range of opinion that emerged in the Jewish
community on how to handle disposition of assets once they passed into their
possession. Not surprising then that a similar rarige of opinion characterized
C
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p.264
p.270
.
?f'lt
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pp.276ff
pp.281£f.
pp.282
p.307
p.314
pp. 315-6
p.321
pp. jL::>-6
p.330
p.331
p.332
p.335-6
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�p.339-40
I p: 344-6
I p. 348
lL350
p.359
p.359
p.361
pp.361-5
p.367-8
p.371-2
p.379
p.379
p.380
p.389-91
policy and implementation among functionaries of the U.S. government as they
dealt with the assets.
Mil.Gov. reclaims 4 paintings, but JRSO sells them anyway - another example of
competing priorities and values. Concern abt the auctioneer's reputation.
Senate judiciary Comm, est 500K to 2 mil., max in legis. draft of $3 mil. exceeds
that estimate. Set as a maximum. Make clearer.
~ in reviewing lRSO claims, did find 200 owners
318 War Claims fund explanation needs to go much earlier, in Chap 517
Gold Train description of contents. Many of these items excluded from
categories ofloot to be restituted by definition fonned by committee on which
Ellen Dulles served. See chap. ?3? or ?5?
Collins' requisition is before train unloads (7113 vs. 7/23 see p. 356 for latter
date). Is this the explanatin of why train's goods were treated as requisitionable?
Explain dates. They don't parse.
mil. families not allowed into Europe til April 1946. Any evidence to contrary?
Gold train in gen. and loss of controll pilfering in particular show in concrete
tenns some of the effects of inadequate personnel, no adequate security, turnover,
breakdown of discipline, and esp. abuse of command authority. Illustrates with
explicit detail what has been discussed in general tenns. It is illustrative even ifit
is not typiCal.
Robinson's view that Gold Train valuables belong to "Jews at large" rather than
to Hungarian govt or Hungarian Jews. Another example of collective good over
individual ownership as value in broad Jewish community (or was it just
American Jews??). Wise also. Zionists in Hungary also. Political pressure from
American Jews to shape American mil. Gov. policy??? vs. Hungarian Jews who
have no weight in U.S. consideration??? Decision to use proceeds for IRO is
consistent with other decisions on "heirless" property, but other exceptions for
owned property??? [I think so.]
Marshall reply on Gold Train invokes Paris Repara. Agreemt of Dec. 45 on nonmonetary gold applied to support displaced.
Block quote on repacking of Hungarian Train goods - should go with description
of unloading oftrain. It makes use ofthe material for requisition and sale much
more understandable. Still have problem of Collins' early requisition.
Fate of Gergely materials. Colin's chapter might end "Mrs. Joli Gergely's hope
of recovery of her personal belongings endured for three years and received only
partial fulfillment (se chapter 7, pp. 3xx-xx). Or words to that effect to wrap up
his reference t6 her..
I still think that Gold Train illustrates a clash of principles U.S. Jews (and
perhaps others) and U.S. officials saw assets as benefiting a "class" of victims;
owners (and the Hungarian govt.) wanted their property restored. Repacking
changes identifiability. Collins' very early confiscation/requisition still
unexplained and unexcusable. Property officers caught in the middle with little
power or authority but with lots of responsibility.
Becher Ransom what compelled IDC and JA for Palestine to seek this?
Common good over individual good (ownership)? JA for Palestine assertion that
it had right to ransom and that it would seek owners and restitute to them.
�.
p.394
Peculiar. I think that this again shows primacy for some Jews of collective good
vs. individual property rights. Are these groups in the Jewish Labor (socialist)
tradition??? If so, the primacy of collective is consistent with the political
philosophy.
Conclusion Becher ransom - This commission's mandate does not include
investigating the actions and motivations ofthe JA for Palestine, but its actions in
the Becher ransom incident raise questions that bear on the conduct of US.
agencies, particularly the State Department. Whaterver the JA f. Pillestine's
motives, it opted for use of the Becher ransom assets for a common good rather
than opting for restitution to identifiable owners. Why the State Department was
disposed to accept this judgment is unClear, but it did. Property control officials
simply followed the instructions ofthe State Department in transferring the assets
to the JA for Palestine, although evidence is clear that information existed that
made identification of owners of the assets likely.
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p.192 this pal'a not quIte clQaI'- First it says local officers moved art and then says the fact that they
were not authorized to do so slowed things up -p~rhaps olariJ:Y
p.194 Ranbach should be Ran.sbach
p.19.5 para 1 This i.s not quite:: true. Many items were identjfjed i.o. the repositories and in some Cases
sent directly baok to the country of origin :from there-viz N euschwanstein.
.
"org.an.izations responsible forrestitutionn What are these??? clarify that I;:ach
viatim country had its own such organization.
p.20 1 para 2 Maybe put this Wiesbaden para up with the other oollecting point info. In5tcad of
"shortly after the German sun-ender" say "late Juno, 1945 If
Check "Rossbaoh" c01lld that be "Ransbach" ?
p. 202 top state:rnent that movement ofwol'ks from repo "only added to the baoklog ...., Of oow'se it
did-but the backlog was eventually cIeal'ed, up. Also "In January 1946 Army officials "admitt.ed"
being unable to idcnt.ifY works....It seems to me that there was nothing bad about that·ofoourse
would take. time to identify objeots and put things in order. Th1R whole para ( and indeed the whole
ohapter) is relmtles.<:ly negative. After criticizing for many pagea the fact that the Army Wll..'$ slow to
empt.y'the rcpos 'they are now critioized for having too muoh in the oollecting points. At least the fact
that by Apn11946-(pn::tty good conslderingthechaotio conditions of war-tom C'Tt:IlIlauy)- Offenbach
was already shipping out large quantities is mentioned, but sceming1y as an afterthought. Also should
mcnti~ that IllB:lor shipments baQk to countries, wh.ich included victim art, .b~s.n in early fall of 1945.
Some indication ofthe quantitic:s being handled would be good-the Monthly reports ofthe colleoting
points. r believe, kept a running total.
,t
Seotion . ··Security issu(\!'J"
Somewhere in these:; paragraphs it llhould be made olear that the looal popUlation as well as D.P." and
G.I.s stole things -viz the German guard who stol~ things
the Munich CP
.
.
from.
p.204 Para 1 did the theft and vandalism "continue at an aimming rate... " There was theft and
vandalisrn:"but in relation to what was $&ved it do~s not seem very a.1anning,
p.206 Weimar wa.~ in the Soviet Zone of occupation. US foroes were wdhdrawn:from there ontJuly
1, 1945. I believe. ChcQk this story-unreconstructed Nazis loved to hlame things on the Alncricans.
especially after they had l~ an a.rca and the c:ru;e oould not hI:; investigated. (believ~ this case may
have been in the news lately but I have no file on it here) Use another example?
.
p.2071208 last line-ISO "presumed" stolen works is a rninusoule numb"T when compared to the
several million works secured by the Allies. Is this tOr all ofGc'tmany Ot just Berlin-??
Were lists aQ'tua1ly distributed?? By whioh agency? Date·?
p.2ll para 1 "restitution...upon application" I think many ofthc: early returns were initiated by the
Allied Governments.
p.21l para 2 '.'in which c:a.."le it was toberetumed to USFET..'· Is this really so? Was anythin,g
returned?
.
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08/3112000 THl1 16:51 FAX 202 371 56i8 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
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Also-"providins of esti.matc:s of object's value"-I think. maybe this was proposed a.~ part of
reparations polioy but not implemented for art.
This ohapter ends rather abruptly-perhaps 5Qmewhere in p211 add a reminder phrase saying
restitution win be discussed in Chapter _ or words to that eft"'ect.
CHAPTER V
P216 Not sure e)""Pc:riences of Ms. Gergclyshould be main example for restitution-The HWlgarian
train Was certainly an anomaly-or at least some indication should be given of the tons of Jewish owned
items whiQh were SUOQcssfully restituted in a number ofthe formerly oocupied nations.
P. 232 para 2 should note that the "Jewish oultural property" referred to here con9isted of books. and
rc:ligious objects and did not include:; Jewish owned fine arts which wert:: handled at the other
collecting points.
P.244 Somewhere should mention Getman. compensation prog1'sms for
whioh went on well into 60's Le. the "Widergutmaohtung" program
art
and other possessions
1'.261 para 2-re items at Alt Aussee-should indicate that most Qfthe very high grade looted art tound
at Alt Aussc:~. which was principally from Hitler'$ Clollections, Wa.'5 taken to the Munioh CP and tl()t
left in Austria.
This chapter has little information on art rt:stitution. Need to have some into on how many olaims Were
flied -how muoh was returned. Present Ch IV does not tell us enough about what was actually done.
Of interest might be yearly totals oItbhlgS going in and out ofColleoting Points. number ofshipmCllts
with de.9tinations plus some oontrast. with Soviet practioe and a short discussion ofpolit1cally
motivated action conoerning art. (Lubominlki collection. for example) Also some info on major
Recuperation Commission~ in France. Holland eto. would be good.
("'hapter VI
p.292 para 2· In order to olaim the books..... It seems only logical that the claimant would hav~ to
submit the titles ofms books.
p332 last para It WQuld be interesting to know how it was determined that th~:sc were Jewisho~ed if
they were ''unidentifiable'' Maybe say:they were ''unclaimed'' or 61lCidess" ie identified as Jewish
owned but owners oould not be located.
p. 342 Rothsohild portraits. Did the RQthschilds agree to them goinS to Israel? Good to sa.y S:;Q if
they did.
p. 344 "fonner living perseoutees" ClaritY?
Chapte:r VII
�141 007/008
08/31/2000 TRli 16:51 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
To:
ti~"*
1I0r.r
Hnngari811 Train
Maybe should be called the "Werren" train and not the "Gold" train as the gold was on
train
R
different
While it is true that the 1:rni.p. contained Jewish owned property, it W3$ not,. as is pointed out e;il,rlieJ" in
the report, US policy to distinguish betvveen Jewish owned and other property a1. this time. Hungary
had been an Axis country and was, in 1945 in the Soviet area. ofcontrol. It was US policy to make
. Axis allies wait unti11ast for restitution-this inoluded Italy. Therefore the; fact that th<:: train contents
were initially taken over as enemy property does not seem partiwlady out ofline. The fact that the
objems never did So beak to Hungary seems to be prinoipaUy a result ofthe approach ofthe Cold War
and the greater influence ofthe Jewish Successor organizations-~gnu:rting them prefel'et1ce was; of
course a violation of original US policy.. Somewhel'e in this report it should be not~d. however. that
by late 1947 thousands of Hung8.11an claims for all kinds of propetty.l:!M been ptoccsl:led by 1h~
Army and a great deal (including gold r~scrVes and paintings, r believe) returned to tha,t country. I
remember ill RG 260 documents on Hungarian claims. It would he interesting to know if any were
Jewish claims and jfso why the train stuffwas d;tfcrent.
Rc General Collins' and other requisitions . Were any Qfthese item:; c:vcr l-etumcd to the wan;,bouse
or did the offi(lers in question k~"p them? I ha.ve heard mention ofrCtleipts documenting the rerum of
some things to Propedy control.
A1$,l) the dates ofearly rc.quis1tions are confusing,The 1rain was "'due" for unloa.ding July 23 (p.356)
(Maybe check when it Was really unloaded) and the oonten:ts were taken into the control of Pr'opet1:y
Control on August 29. (Why the delay?) But General Collins received objects allegedly from the
train on July 13 (p.3S9).) A mitigating factor in these: early requisitions and in the classit'ioation ofthe
train's contents as enemy property is that all doouments cited indioating items on train ~ mostly
Jewish are d..'1.ted on or after Aug. 29- up til then the contents were described as "a11egc::d" to be
. property ofthe Hungarian State. It should not be forgotten that other' trains front Hungary had indeed
contained 5.tatc property moh a'S Hungary's gold Tel;crves and also the b~1: pictures from the;; Budapest
Museum.
p.372 ''the official deoision of Gel').. Mark Clark" When was this made? Is it q.ooumented.? Clark. I
believe, did not even get to Austria until August 194580 decisions on the status ofthe train would
. have been the responbility oflooa.l oommanders at the time the train was captured md unloaded.
Becher Ran$om
Hungary again! Were there no examples from Western Europe?
Did any ofthe ran$omed Jews; make claims? Wc;re the objeet~ in any way identifiable? Was there a
list of names ofthose who got out this way?
Erroneous Restitution
p.4061ast para
This seems a rather large generalization to extr.1ct from this ca.sc, which, I believe
�08/31/2000 THU 16:51 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
'1",,;
~008":008
1:6,.. SO"'r
was quite unique.
CondusionPerhaps, for art and books anyway, in this section should have some statistic:s of the magnitude ofthe
quantities actually restituted thru the Collecting Points and estimates ofwbat peroentage ofthe objeotR
processed by the US went astray. I belit.-'Ve Jonathan Petropoulos has prepared something.
Bibliography?
index'?
�09/06/00
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•
371 5678
12:02
MO
I'~
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
H~~ITS
~~
305 374 ai1?
Presidential Advisoxy Commission on Holocaust Assets
u.n:i.ted S~ates.
Comments on working Draft of Staff
St4phen Herbits
.
Historie~l
i~
141 002
p.e2/BB
the
Report
September 2, 2000
This is a well done report and will, I ~elieve, help the
CommiSSion oome eo grips 'With what· it must do in its Findings
Chapter. It haa a good voice, mostly consistent, and tone. It is
readable, an important characteristic for a story with such
technical detail. The foocnotes add gTavitas to the research and
provl.de f\l;~ure SCholars with a good head s~art. Congratulations .
ChBPt~
1.
h' Introductign
_In add! tion 1:.0 references in the text, .i t might be help~ul
to attaoh as appen~ces a list of interviewees. experts and
staff, all with some designation of credentials. If
possible, it ~ght be useful to add an additional appendix
noting the location o( documents, or some reference to help
further research by others. Finally, a third appendi~ ~hich
lists the 17 pri~ and 44 6E!COIldal:Y country studies or
Commissions would demonst~a~e the world-wide acope of the
issue.
2.
The chapter should be sligbt~y edite~ to reflect the voice
o~ the statf~ rather than the ComftdsSion. Some o£ th1s
language will prob~ly be t~ansported to the C~ssicn
Findings itself. but. the introduotion should. prObably read
as a Staff
3.
4.
stat~ent.
Page 2 _ Para. 3. "This sEfort eul:miJ2.ated...lf has a difficult
antecedent and oulminate4 suggests a finality that. is
probably too stx-ang so early :1n the document.
Page 3. Para 1. "_this
~~earch
unprecedented in its $cope
if it is to be used to maximum advantage." This begs the
que$tion of purpQse, which is not X'eally diSCUssed and is
probably left to en. Findin~d tor eluei~tion. Moreover.
maximum may De too shorthanded he~e. Perhapa! _if it is to
adequately in£o%m the pUblie and po11cy makers. H
5.
~a.ge 4.. :E'aX"a 3 ......extensive consult at. ion-the Comrnissi()n-"
sugges~B that the Commission itself dia the consUltation.
Ei •
Page ". Para 3. "...our
Bta:e~ ..."
�09/06/00
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:.;cr-ra..-~I::I
7.
l.:,/:I;:2~
MR I-eREIITS
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COIDIISS
III 003
:305 374 811, 7
P. el3/aB
PagQ S. Para 1.. This paragraph well addre$ses the amount' of
victim assets. Perhaps some refe~ence in the Incroductory
Chapter should also be made of the 1ntangible value
question relating to religious objects or famdly heirlooms
Qr photographs, etc:.
B.
Para 3. Wo~ld it be useful to mak~ some reference
to the faot that uot only we~e some of the vast Gums
unreso~ved until now. but that some wl',,~ held these &s!iets
had in ~act gained from holding them, while the victima
·themselvss were denied·the~, or at lea.st l we=-e u:oable to be
reunited with them?
s.
Page 7. Para 2. While it would be cumbersome a.nd to a large
degree irrelevant to includ.e throughout the document, it
might he nice in the introductory chapter to include
"'homosexuals'" as well as Roma and Sinti. 'l'he WJRO did, in
:act, insist on their inclusion in the.swiss sank deal and
Page~.
others.
10.
·11.
Page 7. Jila::ra 4:. _."Much
of'this W():rk-n might! be "our."
Page 7. Para 4 . ._"could not have been. acccmplishad without
this effort_* Might be ~etter framed to suggest in ehetime
permieted. The commission Btaf~ could well have done it,
had :l.t t.b,e time and resources and had it not been done.
1.2.
l.~ •
Should the Office of tbe Comptroller of
the Currecoy include the designation of US, having just
disousse4 the dispara.te state problem? And ehouldJ:eference
be made to the effort of ~he New York State Comptrolle~rs
aasistance?
Page 9. Para 1.
Page 10. Para :3.
Does "overran" cont:a.in eonnotations wh.1Qh
are Buperfluous?
14.
Page 11. Pat'a :3.
from policies_H
"'_..Rather; they reveal that departuree·
this include the phrase ~!or the most
M~sht
part"?
15.
Page:l.2. Para 3. "...but i t is obvious that the b'ureauQraoy.....
might be better phrased chat "our examination revealed-II
�371 5678
HOLOCAUST ASSETS comliSS
MR HEREITS
09/06/00 l~~~~ FAtX ,202
~!='J-'-kI4-:':""'.......
141. 03
Victims'
Cba,pb;g: 2 ';
141004
JaS 374 Sll?
P.04/08
~§et:a
1. •
This inoredib1.y important chapter lays the groundwork for
the rest of the report. It is replete with acronyms that
become critical to the understanding of the role of the ITS
Government:. While each is defil'l.ad, perhaps it would be
useful, especially for lay ~eadere and young reSearch$.S
new to tbe topic, to bave an appendix that lists
alphabetioally the acironyms of government bodies used,
provides ita aetual title, and perhaps a third column
describlng its dates, predeeeBsor organi~ation. geographic
scope and reporting l1nea.
2._
Thia~6hapter treats currency values .in' three different
ways: foreign cuxrency withou1:dollar equivalents, US '
currency at stated times without 19.99 equivalents, and US
curreQcy'at .1:at64 times with 1999 equivalents. For many
readers, a laCk oe equivalence across the boa~d will
. transl.ate to rEfac1ing a near meaningless statistic. A
consistent policy should be used throughout; preferably one
that translateeall curr~y notations into 1999 US dollar
equivalent. Tbac can be done in text or as an appendix,
although I tnink in text .. is much t:he preferable. The
currency issues in thitl ohapter· continue throughout the
report, adding some variations in presentat:;i.on.
-.
3.
Fage 15. Para. 4. ·_loot_~,This is the first time tbds word
is use6. It could use a definition here: does it refer only
to victims, to a,nything taken by someone not its owner,
etc.?
4.
Page 37. Para 1. ·_with military Sove~men: personnel from
italy...• is arubiguous. Does ie mean US government personnel
c~ns
5.
from Italy?
Page 39,. Para 2.
'rhi&
deseX'i~t:i.on
of civi! life is
excellent:. However. there is only one reference (next page)
to 4i8place~ persona. presumably ~ecause DP's are discussed
more fU1lylate~oD. But it. absenee seems too gaping.
6.
Pags
39.
Paza 2. "_That 1!UI'I000ts to more than the
population-° is
7 _
con~using.
Pa.ge 41. Para 2 ~Needa editing.
�•
III 005
FA1X2~~~
371 5678
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
:;.t::t-'-~-~.""",
MR I-ERBITS
.
09/06/00
lQ:23
:305 374 Bl1?
a.
Page 44. Para 2. As DP's are discussed in the next
section, appa~ently because different ageneies handled the
issues, some very b:rief reference to that topic b~ing
discussed next would alleviate the impression of ies being
overlooked. to'lo;r:eo'\l"e:r, despite different ageno;;1es having
responsibiliey, some of the agencies i~ this sectiou no
doubt undertook some activicies related to DP's, sueh as
transportation of people and food, or in other waya.
9.
P .05/00
Page 45. Para 2. "_ 500 officers_-(last line) begs the
question of what area they were responsible. fox.
to gold or other financial
assets seems.to get shuneed aside. Perhaps a word again
about is role in war-making, then economic rebu1lding, as
well as reparations and restitution would be a useful
precursor to the diecussionOQming la~er in the chapter.
10. PQse 47. Para 1. The reference
P.v.~a 1."_ These attitudes found thei-:r: adVOCate in .
This is the first reference, l think, of QMGUS.
TOwarcis the end of the next page it is defineQ..
11. Page 48.
OMGUS_~
~2.
Page SO. R~a 2. "-aleo bore on the dispOSition of victim's
assets.· (laGt line). This begs the questions' of Whether we
are intereseed in ~on·victim assets.
13. page 75. Para 2,~apter
1.
tII.
A~sets
~The
!nthe
IRO_R Def1ned yet?
United Statel
This ie indeed a dense cnapter,
tegl:mical nat.ure. Nonetheless;
assets versus viotim assets to
three pages place victim aasets
Commission's research (page 80,
in pa~ bec.~se of its
I fi:nd. the subject of
be unresolved.
~he first
a8 the target. of the
end Para 1, page 61, end
Pa.ra 4, and page 62, Para 2.)'
I
think it remains important that the resea.::ch not show
IS.
bias ~Qwarda victim assets at 'Chis point, as 'blo<:ktng or
vesting assets for other purposes (not&4, but not
emphasized) were also important US government policies.
2.
Having said chat, it seems to me that almoat all the
content of the repor~ talk$ about various fo~ of assets
w1thout much reference to that portion t.hat migbt have
·belonged 1::0 victims.
�09/06/00
.
.
15:23 FAX 202 371 5678
~cr~-~~
3.
12=04
MR HERBITS
III 006
305 374 8117
P.06/08
125, . para 1. URelative to ebe amount realize4, the US
be said to have prc£ieed from tha seizure of
these businesses." This is an unusual construct for :i.t
offe~s a sweeping judgment, unlike most of the rest of the
report, and again seems to exclude other legie1mate
purposes of dontrol.
~age
.can
4.
HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
ha~y
The chapter leaves me, as a rea4er without much knowledge.
of the subjeoe, with lots of speci~ic information, hue
little sense of what waD left, where it W$nt, how much was
really ~volved. I'm not sure that's ~emediable, but
perhaps either the conclusion or the Co~ssion's Findings
Chapter can help clarify what it all means.
c::hapter IV:- Asset'" in Eu;t'ppe
~.
Comments on thi. chapter have already beeu discussed.
S~ffice it to say that upon rereading, I still believe that
a eareful aditins by shift~g order of material could give
gold and financial inst.umen~s their rightful ~iori~YI
especially QuxiDg ~he wa~ andleesen the seeming endless,
and even overriding, fascination with art.
This be(.'!Qmea even more pronounced when one reaC!hes Chapter
VI, with its inclusion of books, ceremonial silver and
Torah Scrolls, eta. Some mention of th$seearlier
W~ld.
show a comprehens~~ness of study, rather than a
focus on ~atntings.
.
aga~n,
Chapte.
~.
V.
This
Restttutign of Victim's Assets
eha~ter.
with the notable. exception of the Section IV,
4~fferent voice - it is chattier. It begins
as a maga.ine article with a story~ then returns to the
re.earch. Reversed, tbase would be conSistent wiCh ~~e rest
of
report. Moreover, throughout, there are references
to -require more rasearch,R or ~would require more space
tha.n is available here,'" or ,.so far this cl1apter_." etc. A
Blight e~ting would bring this style into cQncert ~ith the
other oha~eers.
uses a slightly
the
2.
a good primer on ef~o~tB to
~o values. There is no
suggestion in the chapt~r, h~, about the difficulties
assoeiated with even beginning eo calculate what m1ght have
bean sought, but was never addressed. The reason maet
mentioll.$d for those not filing claims seems to be fear o·f
t~ implications, char. ~bQUld prObably be a further
e¥ple.nat1on here. albeit speQulat.ive. But that is what 'the
research is for, and would pro~ably be useful if the
Conmission woulc1 wane to suggest ,that:. amounts 'Inot sought"
were extensive, hut immeasurable.
This exoellent chapter
~rovides
restitute, including many references
�...
"
15: 24 FAX 202 371 5678
.
3.
page
is
4.
,
,,
III 007 ........
HOLOCAUST :\S~.E:r~.~9.mIISS
09/06.1_0_0_ _, _.............J ..... "'•••" •• ".,.~?;•• ,:."'.:." •• " ' •••••••• , •••.••." . " " • ,.
,. -:~' .::."""-
.
!'Fl' HelElITS
"
.'''".. '."
325 3'74
au?
P.0'7/08
250. Para 2. "... P.E.Xl.eral aeg:1.s't.er_" This formulatiofl.
at least three times more.
r~~eated
Page 244. Para 2. Speoific reference is made to the
Commiasion beret as if the Commission itself wrote the
staff reeearch ~eport. That is repeated on page 27', fara 1
as well.
Chapter YI. aSQ
•.
:2.
Excellent chapter. ls it intended that the Library of
" Congress issue will be inserted here, or elsewhere?
Page 315. Para 1.. Does "lJNR,RAor does it naed defining here?
Chapter yrI.!
Case
ha.V$
an earlier reference,
Studies
~.
Page 354. Para 2. Perhaps "procedure. n (penultimate line)
should be expanded to include implementation.
2.
Pa~a 1. ThroughoutCbis chapter. italics appear
inside quotes. It is ~oe~tain Whether they were i~ the
original or added by our researdhe~/writer.
~.
Page 3$0. Para 1. Altbc~gh a difference of vi~oints amOng
the Jewish O~ani~ations is no:ed ea~lier, Jews themselves
e_oape any complioity in the Gold.Train problem. Should
~age ~S7.
they?
ChftPter VII. WhAt; Ramaine to be
1.
4.
Pone
Tbe use of -The comm1Bsion~ should be amended throughout,
to be replaced by staff conclusions. The eomrn1e~1on itself
should eake note of this important chapter in it$ Findings.
T~a
ehapter also provides a .enae of the volume of
document. aotually
reae~Qhed
and remaining studies. I
of what
wa.s unable to be studied, noting the time and f"l.1..nCs
limitation provided the CommiSSion for its task.
believe it would add value
to prov1de some sense
�'.'
Aaron,
Thank you again for your help today. Another researcher, Colin Fallon, and I look
forward to researching at the Museum tomorrow. We would like to request access to the
following boxes:
RG-12
Benjamin B. Ferencz papers, 1924
12.001
12.001.01
Ferencz family biographical information, 1919-1993
Benjamin B. Ferencz biographical, education, and career information,
1933-1993
Boxes 1-4
12.007
12.007.01
Records Relating to the Conference on Material Claims Against Germany.
Correspondence
Boxes 1-2
12.00B
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the Jewish Restitution
Successor Organization (JRSO).
- Box 1
RG-12.009
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the History of
Restitution, (Wiedergutmachung)
No box number given, but the files we would like to consult are:
12.09.01
Nonnan Bentwich file
'
12.09.02
Correspondence Relating to Nonnan Bentwich Article.
1957 -.: 1983.
12.09.03
Wiedergutmachung: Correspondence & clippings Re: Walter
Schwarz [editor of six volume official Gennan Books on
Wiedergutmachung], 1983-1988
Walter Schwarz file, 1968-1979
'12.009.04
12.010
12.010.01
12.010.03
12.011.05
United Restitution Organization records,
United Restitution Organization chron files, 1962-1993 '
Box.1
URO Subject File.
Box 12
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding Amendments to the
War Claims Act of194B.
Boxes 1-4
I
RG-12.01B.01 Alphabetical Reference Subject File
Box 4
�() S tt {V\ (VI
A~~~()Y) toYn blvun
t
RG-12 Benjamin B. Ferencz papers, 1924 [Draft Finding AidlInventory follows below]
12.001.01
Benjamin B. Ferencz ,biographical, education, and career infonnation, 1933-1993
Box 1
12.001.01 *05
Career related records, 1946-1956
Box 2
12.001.01*14
General biographical information 'on Benjamin B. Ferencz
Box 3
12.001.03*02
Personal correspondence" 1946-1954
12.008 Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the Jewish Restitution
Successor Organization (JRSO).
Box #1
12.008.01
a)URSO vs. Augsburg, Oct 29, 1954
12.008.02,
The Cemetery at Fulda "The unknown story of the world's smallest and most ignored
synagogue--Iocated under the German Customs House at Fulda"
12.008.03
JRSO 1966-1992
, RG-12.009 Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the History of Restitution
(Wiedergutmachung)
12.009.01
12.009.02
12.009.03
12.009.04
Norman Bentwich file
Correspondence Relating to Norman Bentwich Article. 1957 - 1983.
Wiedergutmachung: Correspondence & clippings Re: Walter Schwarz
[editor of six volume official German Books on Wiedergutmachung], 1983-1988
Walter Schwarz file, 1968-1979
12.010
United Restitution Organization records,
12.010.01
Box #1
12.010.01 *01
12.010,01 *02
12.010.01 *03
12.010.01 *04
12.010.01 *05
12.010.01 *06
United Restitution Organization chron files, 1962-1993
12.011.05
URO
URO
URO
URO
URO
URO
Financial Statement and Report of Auditors, 31 Dec 56
Budget, May 1960 and OctJDec 1962-1963
Budget, Jan-Dec 1964
Budget, 1965
Budget, 1966
Budget Cqrrespondence, 1967 . '
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding Amendments to the
War Claims Act of 1948.
Box#1
12.011.05*01 , War Claims Act: Legislative history
War Claims Act: Amendments
12.011.05*02
War Claims Bills
12.011.05*03
12.011.05*04 ' War Claims: Congressional Bills
(}
RG-12.018.01 Alphabetical Reference Subject File..
Box 4
12.018.01*12
"Wiedergutmachung"
�,
.
PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON'
HOLOCAUST ASSETS IN THE UNITED STATES
PRESlDI!NI1AL
ADVISORY CX>MMlSSION
ON HOLOCAUST ASSETS
, IN THE UNl1'ED STATES
KennetbI..Klothen
ExeCutive Qirector
Edgar M. BCOIIfman
OIainnan
'
FAXCOVERSHEET
Tms IS A TRANSMITTAL OF _'
PL~E
_A__ 'PAGEs INCLuDING Tms SHEET.
__
'
CALL IF INCOMPLET~~
MEMO:
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, ,901 15th Street, 'NW • Suite 350. Washington, DC 20005. 202-371-Moo. Fax 202-371-5678 '
�10/02/2000 MON 14:09 FAX 202 371 5678 HOLOCAUST ASSETS COMMISS
14l 002/002
Aaron,
I'
i
Thank you again for your help today. Another researcher, Coi~iFallon, and I look
forward to researching at the Museum tomorrow. We would lik.~to request access to the
I~
following boxes:
RG-l2
vfr001
12.001.01
Benjamin B. Ferencz papers; 1924
Ferencz family biographical information, 1919-1993
Benjamin B. Ferencz biographical, education, and career information,
1933-1993
Boxes 1-4
h.007
12.007.01
- o~
r.'
:;2 t...
.• ,
~
1- ~ ~
.th
'"
W?PV'
\v.'W1lHr~o.Jlt.-1
r.J
"],- ~lVLrk'~
RecordS Relating to the ConTerence on Material Claims Against Germany. )
Co,.respondence~~ _ M,:k. ~
lnl- t~
Boxes 1-2
. JI!A.I f-. t - · U
) .0
. 11~Z-5~
~ z., ~
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the Jewish Restitution
Successor Organization (JRSO). \
Box 1
Correspondence and Related Records Regarding the History of
Restitution (Wiedergutmachung)
No box number given~ but the fdes we would like to consult are:
12.09.01
Norman Bcntwich file
12.09.02
,/
12.09.03 '-
!;
12.009.04
12.010
dZf 12.010.01
Correspondence Relating to Norman Bentwich Article.
1957 -1983.
Wiedergutmachung: Correspondence & clippings Re: Walter
Schwarz [editor of six volume official Gennan Books on
Wiedergutmachung]. 1983-1988
Walter Schwarz file, 1968-1979
United Restitution Organization records,
United Restitution Organization chronfiles, 1962-1993
Box 1
'*lu)-lfj~03- URO Subject File.
.
~,
B.ox 12
vi5:011.05
I
O
,
\
Correspondence and Related Retords Regarding Amendments to the
War Claims Act of1948.
Boxe&-iat-
.
1
RO-12.018.01 Alphabetical Reference Subject File
Box 4
.
~
bt:u.
.
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Records 28
Page 1 of 1
77 returned.
Author:
Title:
Breslauer, W.
Die Arbeit des Council of Jews from Germany auf
dem Gebiet der Wiedergutmachung : Bericht / erstattet im
Auftrag des Council'von W. Breslauer und F. Goldschmidt.'
Published:
[S.l. : s.n., 1966?] (Dusseldorf-Benrath
Kalima-Druck)
Description:
56 p. ; 24 cm.
DS140.B73 1966
LC Call No.:
No. :
305.8/924/043 19
Notes:
,Cover title. '
"Abgeschlossen am 1.
1966. If
Errata slip inserted.
,
Subjects:
Jews -- POlitics and government'
1948
Council of Jews f,rom Germany.
Restitution and indemnification claims (1933
(West)
. Jewish property
Other authors: Goldschmidt, F. (Fritz),
Control No::
3270732
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�VOY AGER[ruc)cerstattung[l, 1016,2,3,3,3,4,2,5,100,6,1]] (15-1)
Records 15
Author:
Title:
Published:
LC Call No.:
Notes:
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Control No.:
Page 1 of 1
r,eturned.
Kohrer, Helmuth.
Entziehung, Beraubung,
. Vom Wandel
der Beziehungen zwischen Juden und Nichtjuden durch·
. Verfolgung und Restitution.
Baden-Baden,
lschaft, 1951.
205 p. 21 cm.
LAW
Includes legislation.
Bibliography: p. 203-205.
Rest{tution and indemnific~tion claims (1933- .
.,-- Germany.
Jews -- Germany.
10249169
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Reclaiming the N~zi loot: ihe history ofthe work ofthe Jewish Trust...
LC Control Number: 64041804
Type of Material: Book (Print, Microfonn, Electronic, etc.) .
Brief Description: Jewish Trust Corporation for Gennan~
Rec1aiming the Nazi loot: the history of the work of the Jewish Trust
Corporation for Gennany; a report presented by C.L Kapralik [general
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Nachkriegsdeutschland: 1945-1949/ herausgegeben von Peter Bucher.
LC Control Number: 90168935
Type of Material: Book (Print, Microfonn, Electronic, etc.)
Brief Description: Nachkriegsdeutschland : 1945-19491 herausgegeben von Peter Bucher.
Dannstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, c 1990.
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Perspectives on modern German economic history and policy / Knut Borchardt...
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Book (print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Borchardt, Knut.
Perspectives on modem German economic history and policy 1Knut
Borchardt; translated by Peter Lambert.
.
Wachstum, Krisen, Handlungsspielraume der Wirtschaftspolitik. English
Gambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR BAVARIA
OFFICE OF THE LAND DIRECTOR
MUNICH,GERMANY
APO 407
I
US ARMY
., August 1948
AG 15' - JlGBPR
Dr. Hans EHABD,
Minister President of Bavaria,
7.Prinzregentenstrasse, Munioh.
SUBJECTs Transfer of Cul.tural Material.
Dear Dr. EHARDI
. I am very happy to inform you that a deoision has
been reached by Military Government, whereby, in the light
of the inoreased partioipation of Germany in its own affairs,
and in view of the ohange3 that will result from the formation
of a Central German GovE:trnment, oertain changes in the oustody
of aa1tural property have beoome neoessary. Speoifioally effeot
ive ,1 August 1948 you will have the custody and the oare,
oontrol and maintenanoe, and will aooept in aooordanoe with
reoeipts to be approved by Military Government, and subjeot
to suoh instruotions as may be hereafter issued, the olasses
of caltural property designated below whioh are no~ held in
the Central Colleoting Point 10 Aroisstrasse, Munich.
~e property to be turned over to you as aforesaid will·
be as follows, and will be held by you under the conditions
speoified:
All German privately owned oul tural property, for re
turn by you to the respeotive owners in aooordanoe with their
several rights, titles and interests ae established in faot or
determined in proper judioial prooeedings.
All German publioly owned property 'whether of museums
or other agenoies of the Land or Lander, other German. states,
Zones, to be held for delivery. to suoh museums, or institut
ons, or Lander, or states, or Zones, as their respeotive
ts, titles and interests may appear in faot or be deter-
in judioial prooeedings.
All properties heretofore belonging to the P.russi~
ate, or the former German Reioh, to be held by you in saored
- 1
-
. : "';-', ~~~~'~:'~~~::,:f(;~
i'
"
�SUBJEO!l!: !l!ransfer of Oul tural Material.
trust until such time as a new Oentral German Government may
determine and make proper legal and equitable disposition of
such properties in aooordanoe with Oontrol Oounoil and Military
Government laws and direotives, and, under law to be promulgated
by a German Oentral Government. And in the event no disposit- .
ion is made by Oontrol Counoil aild Military Government laws and
direotives, or by any Oentral German Government, to hold said
properties as bailee in saored trust.
Al1 properties heretofore owned by the lias1onalsozia
listische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei, or 'the liationalsooialist
Government .of Germany, and by the ministers, officials,' offi
cers and important personages of said lfSDAP, or the Bational
socialist Government of Germany, whether the said property is
to be considered either publio or private, as the oase may be,
acoording to the means of acquisition, terms and manner of pay
ment therefore and other factors. And said property shall be
held by you in saored trust until such time as a Oentral Ger
man Government may determine and make proper legal and equit
able disposition of such properties in accordance with Control
Oouncil and Military Government laws and direotives, and under
law to be promulgated by' a German Oentral Government. And in
the event no disposition is made by Oontrol Council and Mili
tary Government laws and directives, or by any Oentral German
Government. to hold said properties as bailee in sacred trust.
Cul tural Property falling in any of the preceeding
classes which may prove or be determined to belong in one of
the following oategories will be kept under your striot possess
ion, custody, maintenance and control, until further instructions
are issued to you by Military Government:
Pr~perty formerly located in Berlin.
Property formerly located in the present Soviet Zone
of Germany. .
Property formerly located in the present French Zone
of Germany.
Property formerly located in the present British
Zone of Germany
You will be responsible that all cultural objects and
works of art of whatever form and which may seemingly fall with
in any of the foregoing categories (including such objeots which
may have been released to owners), which may prove or be proved
to be subjeot to restitution under Oontrol Councilor Military
C~vernment laws, direotives, agreements, regulations, will be
held or made available for such restitution, and will be resti
tuted and the physical possession thereof surrendered upon claim
duly made and established.
0
- 2 -
BayHStA ,
M< 51493
�SUl3JECT s
~ ansfer
of 0Ultural ' Material.
.,'
All cultural objeots and' works ,of. art, presentlY'or'
hereafter identified as property belonging to Jewish indivi- "
duals, firms,· museums, 1nst1tut1ons, oOlDrpnn:lties, eto., Will
be retained under the phys10 al c ontro1 of Mil1tary Govern- .
ment 1n the Central Collecting Point for further disposition
by Military Government. . '
"
. ':
Property already 1de,nt1f1ed 'as being subjeot to re~t1~ _
tut10n will also be retained, under the phys10al possessi'on' and,.
oontrol of Military Government in, the ,Oentral Colleot~Po1nt-.
Oustody, oare of~ control and 'security of the cw.tur'~'
objeots, works of art, archives, etc., hereby transferred'to .
you, will beoome a German respons1~1l1tyo
Def1n1tive and final reoeipts will be prepared by the
staff presently working in the Central Colleot1ng Point, which
when 00 ordinated with and s1gne~ by your representatives will '
effeot the transfer of the custody, care, maintenanoe, control,
security and responsibility bereindef1ned o
.. '
It is to be hoped that in the not too distant future,
with the repair of museums and art institutes and the increased'
activities of their staffs, that these priceless objects'can
again be placed on display fo~ the benefit and enjoymen~,and
. cu.l tural enlightment of the people 0
;¢
Sinoerely yours,.
Telephone: MUNICH MILITARY 7-2208
�i l l 11459
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I. Vormerkung •
.Am., 250 201949 rief mich Mr. Munaing,. der Leiter der Kunst
schutzabteilung der Militarregierung an und teilte mir
foJ,gende s mit:
10 Eine EntscQeidung in Bezug auf die Lizenzierung der .
Kunsthandler und Freigabe des Kunst~andels ist im Laufe
der nachsten Woche zu erwarten.
2" Mr. Harrison wird be z1iglich der Unterbringung der Insti
tute aus dem Postbau im C.G.P. einen neuen veranderten
Plan. roi t . d~m Gouverneur van Wagoner ausarbei ten und die
I sen ln elnlgen Ta~en dem Bayer.Ministerprasidenteri zu
le i teno
3.
In Bezug auf die Plane Dr. Auerbachs, den restlichen
Besitz der Sammlungen Hitler, Goring, Bormann und Hoff
mann in den Vereinigte n zu bringen, erklarte Mr. Mun
sing, dass diese Plane jeder juristischen Grundlage ent
behrten, da die betreffenden Gegenstande It. den ein
schlagig~n Schreiben der Milollegierung dem Bayer.Ministe
prasidenten vorlaufig als Treuhander tibergeben seien und
dieser nicht daa Recht habe, sie aus dem G.G.P. zu ent
fernen. Die Entscheidung ist vielmehr einer kommenden
Bundesregierung vorbehalten, im tibrigen muss die Mil.
Regierung bzw. der Kontrollrat zustimmen. Den Wert der
betreffenden Sammlung, den Dr. Auerbach. mir.roit 200 Millo
Dollar angegeben hatte, h.alt Mr. l.1unsing fur viel zu
hoch geschatzt. Er nimmt nur ca. 200.000.- Dollar an, da
die me isten jetzt nocn verftigbaren Bilder deutsche Werke
des 19. Jahrhunderts sind, die in Amerika keinen Markt
haben.
II. Herrn Staatsroinister Dr.
mit der Bi tte urn gefl. Kenntnisn
~"';;:;"';;~"";;;"~
III. An
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- ' : ; " ; ' : " - " '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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roi t der/]H ttecGt ;~:fl. Kenntnisnahme •.
71; ;
.
. 1
��Betrifftl Verwendung dar im CoColl.Point befindlichen
Gem~lde
uswo
Io Vormerkung.
,
Am 26~201949 fanden sioh zu einer Besprechung bei Herrn Staatssekretir
eina
Staatskommissar i>r!J.uerbaoh
Staatsrat nr.meinzo1t
Min1sterialrat Fruth
Gen.Dir •.DroHanfstaengl
Dr.Auerbaoh erort~rt seinen Plan in Amerika eine Ausstallung dar
noch im C.Coll.Point in MUnch~n verwahrten Kunstgegenstapde zu veran
etal ten, dlese danndort zu verauaern und den Erlos' tiber den Uaraohall
plan nach .Bayern zu lenken. Der' Erfolg k~e allein BaJern :uJ€ u ta, denn
es wiirde der Hauahal tsplan um jenen B'e trag verringert werden kfumen.
Ee sei Eile geboten, denn'~nn der westdeuteche Bund einmal da sei, werde
dieser daB natsoz.Vermogen in Anspruch nehmen. Auch mtisse bei der Aktion
~J
alles, was fUr Bayarn kulturell wertvoll eei, gesichert werden •
. Dr.Auerbach schlltzt dasiUr 'die Wiedergutmachung in'Betracht komaend~
Totalvermogen au:! 774I.:i:ill" das hier in Betracht komnfende I'arte1vermogari
au:! 200 Mill. Dollar. Jedanfalls miiBte aueh alles, was' durch Hi tlers ,Testament
I;
ausgewiesen sei,als Priyat- und.nicht ale Reichsvermogen dekl<:fliert
werden. Von dem angenommenen 200MilLErlos .11 Dr.Auerbaoh 40 MilLfUr
- ausiandisohe An~priiche (Frankreich) abzweigen, den Rest von 160 Mi11.nach
,
dem ~arschallplan verwerten. Dr.Auerbach erwllhnt hier den Besuch einer
franzo~ischen
Delegation, die"einen Verzicht Frankrelchs' auf alle wei terge
henden Ansprliche angeklindigt habe, wenn die Berecht~ten in Frankreich
eine Abfindung erhalten·)Vu.rden wie die deutschen Gaschiid;i,.gten.
Dr.Hanfstaengl fUhrt aus, es konna keine Rede davonsein, daB die
zur Erorterung stehenden Kunstgegenstande einen Erlos von '200 Mill. Dollar
bringen konnten. Der gesamte Coll.Point habe ursprlinglichvielleicht'
7.600 Gegenstande gehabt. Davon seian rund 4.500 dam Bayer.Staat libergeben
w~rden.
Nicht libergeben sei· alles herrenloae Gut und das unter, dem Verdachte
der Restitution stehende. Yom Vermogen.der NazigroBen mlissen immer
Restitution und Fremdvermogen abgezogen_ werden. _
Von den B11dern aeien 75 %Deutsche Bild~r (me.tst 19.Jahrh., woran
in Amerika.kein Interesse sei), 15% Hollander, der Rest ltaliene:a. und andere.
Die g-.C"oSten Werte seien bereits abgege):>an (daru;,.ter .12 Stiiok an Italian),
.
. ' . '
,
sodaJ3 auck nicht en tfernt ein Wert von 200 l.1illJloch vorha:vden, 8e1. 3.000' selen ';
Hl tle'~bil~er,:5 - .400 Goring (ein~' schnell zUIj'ammengeka'~:fte w~eJ, mehr ,... ~,
hatte Bormann.,
....' viele
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19 o Jahrinindert..
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1?lastiken, 'H,offman;n habe nur 150, - 180 BJ.lder
t
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Eine besondere Saohe aei as mit d('lr Lin~.e,r ~ Samm1UJ?g. Oesterreioh
erhebe auf aie Anspruoh, w1e auf a11es Nazigut"das b~i Kr~egsende in
Ostarreioh'lag, also deutsohelj Iiationalvermogen im Aus1and..
Es set
wichtig: daB diesar Anspruoh Ostarreichs besaitigt ~erde.
Hinsic~tlich
des Vorgenens L~ .~arika warnt Dr.Hanfstaengl vor
einer zu gro@en Ausstellung"die leioht von dan Handlarn heruntergesetzt
und daduroh entwertet werden konnte. Man solIe aina geringe,re Anzahl :von
guten ~emalden ausstellen, am besten Spitzensaohen und ainen, anstandigen '
Katalog bieten •. Man
kCSnne 'be! etwaigem Intarasse leioht darauf hinweisen,
daB nooh weitere Gemalde in Deutschland sind.
,
,
Im iibrigen betont Dr.Hanfstaengl , daB ar nicht barechtigt sei \
au~h nur ein einzigea Gamalde herauszugeben, solange der R~chtszustand
der gleiche, sei,wie bisher.
Dr.Auerbaoh bemarkt, daB Osterreioh auf seine AnsprUcha varziohten
muBte, ar werde jed~nfal18 darauf hinarbeiten. Hinsichtlich der AU8stellung
in Amerika wUnscht er die Mitw1rkung Dr.Hanfstaengl8~ Ferner werde er se~e
Baziehungen in Amerika ausntitzan urn auf das
daB die Treuh~dsohaft aufgageben werda.
stat~
Departement einzuwirken,
5taatssakretar Dr.Sattler vardeist auf dan in Handan Dr.Auarbaoha
befindlichan Schriftwechsel, in dam die Sach-und Rechtslaga dargelegt sei.
Dies steha also dem Vorhaben Dr.Auerbachs im Wege. Badenken basttinden auch
hinsichtlich dar Viermachtakontrolla.
Staatsrat Dr.Meinzolt erachtat as fUr~!chtig" daB in erster Linie
in'rechtliche:'Hinaicht eine .K1arheit geschaffen werde. Er bezwe1felt, ob
die Mili tarregierung Bayern geniigend Vollmacht habeum diese Klarheft zu
schaffen, vielleicht geniige auoh die Mili tarregierung der am.Zone nioht.
DeI' Ministerprasident mtissevon seinen Pflichten entbunden werden.
\
'
Dr.Auerbach bemerkt, daB das Kontrollrat~gesetz Nr.50 auoh Er
leichterungen ermogliche: Die Ru~abe von Vermogen, wenn der Zweck derselbe
geblieben sei wie frtiher.' Die Bayer.·Militarragiarung konna auf Grund Nr'-50
Vermogen uberschreiben also den tlbergang auf den Bayer.Staat anor~en. Es
:llusse eben hinsichtlich des fraglichen VermiJgens die Anwendung des Ges.Nr.50
aufgehoben werden. Unter dieses Gaset~ fallen einwandfrei ..VermoB'en deI" Pa.fta._
und der.verurteilten Nazigro6en. 'Diese Vermogen mu9ten aus der Kontrolle
I
I~
,,'
herausgenommen werden, unte!stehe also nicht mahr der Jurisdiktion dar
Alliierten. Alles Verm6gen der Reichsregierung und alles,herranl~se Gut
m'4.sse fUr den Bund reservi43rt bleiben. Riile gewis'Se :.Bevorzugung· Bayerns
.
-
lasse sich durohaus reohtfertigen, 'denn "die in Bayern lebenden·
h€ l tten
allein tiber 14 Mill10nen Hafttag'e:
,
,
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Ge~chad
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,.<
BayHStA
M< 51400
,
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Staatssek?:etar Dr.Sattler faSt zusammel;u' ,der ganze Plan scheine
doch nioht so phantastisoh z'u aein ne as ursprUnglioh geaoh1enen habe.
Er liege auch iII\, Interesse Bayernso In'teressengegner seien derBund und
die Li:i.n~er. Es ware also folgendes. Zu~UlU
.
1) Heroeifiihrung eirier Entscheid:ung des .State Dep~tement tiber
die Aufhebung dar Xontrolle bez. des in Frage stehende~ Verm8gens.
2) Uberetgriung aufGr~d Xontr.Ges.Nr.50 auf dan Bayer.Staat,
3) Aussoheidung'der national wertvollen Stucke; UberfUhrung.der
iibrigen in
den,Wiede~gutmaohungsfonds.
.
4) Fraigabe
~ fUr Amerika.
.
Dr • Auerbaoh wurd,. ,::~sdrucklich ge be ten den vorhandenen· Schrif t-'
wechsel als Unterlage fUr die Verhandlungen nach
.
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BayaroStaatsministerium fUr Unterrioht und Kultus.
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UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR GERMANY
Frankfurt,
Gerrr~ny.
Ur. :i2.ns 3hard, .
.d inister President for
BavG.ria,
7 Frinzre,€ e ntenstrasse,
~·:iuenchen
Hy
22.
i·linister President:
I am referring to ~·i:r. "IJ:::n ;/;agoner I S letter to you of AUE-ust 3,
1948, and to subseQ.uent com:llunications dealing '..nth the trusteeship
of the cultural materials at the hunich Central Collecting Point.
\
j
)
I am satisfied tha.t the trusteeship administration nas shown
its good ".Fill and cooperation in seeldng a solution to the many
unresolved problems relating to the disposition of the cultural
properties at the Collecting Point. However, I am concerned about
the slow rate of progress with which the screening of the still
unidentified material is proceeding. It is particula.rly important
to complete the processing of the objects deriving from the ~llt
Aussee repositor,y with the least possible delay, and I should like
to request that this project be given priority status.
In order to render all possible assistance on our part, pro
vision is being made for the 'assignment of a limited number of BleOG
personnel, both German a.nd F.merican, to engage directly in this work.
the premises of the Collecting
They will establish themselves
Poi.l'1t in the near future. kn::! additional contribution which you
cight be able to make by increasing the professional German staff in
the employ of the Bava.ria."1 Government which is also devoted to this
work would be grea.tly appreciated.
I am also somev.Jhat. disturbed by reports that the ?resident of
the Bavarian Landes ents chaedit,uugsamt , Dr. Auerbach, he.s engaged in
conversation or neogitations with various persons, including repre
sentatives of another government, ill matters pertaining to the
external restitution of art objects, and the disposition of certain
properties held in the Collecting Foint. . In view of the large number
of those items which are still uniden'tified, and the fact that several
unsatisfied external restitution claims have not yet been acted upon,
1'1'e E.re not prepE.red at. this time to entertain any new proposals affect
ing the disposition of objects at the Collecting Point in a manner
BayHStA
StK 14249
�-
..
inconsistent Hith present policies and procedures. I ;.[ould therefore
appreci2,te it
.Iou will bring these fa.cts to the atterction of
Dr. Auerbach and re~uest that, for the tiT.e being at least, he dis
continue 2Xly further efforts alone; those lines. en our side, I have
alrea,(iy informed the ,c:merican attorney "V'iho also interested himself in
this mat:~er that any further representations are considered to be
inappropriate.
Very truly yours)
,
,u.s.
High Commissioner for Germany
/
'-,
)
BayHStA
StK 14249
._._--
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Fallon, Colin (Misc. desk materials)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-fallon-colin-misc-desk-materials
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/24250a776b6551507569a2d67f1b50b5.pdf
30b58508f0e50d46261719c51c0cd24d
PDF Text
Text
(
Reproduced from the hoidingsdf
the Gallery Archives,
National GaiJery of Art..
\
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June
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Re;?ort O~~ the Gor;aanK!Jl1Stschlltz (l'tOl'A&A Branol?.) .
in lto.lyBetween 1943 b.rid 1945.
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VP, CA Section,
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mar:
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Allied Commi.ssion•.
Nover.lber
1943 - June'1944
Staff'
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II. June - September 1944
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Area of .R.espol1.sibUity
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Activities
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Tl'8.nsfer. of Flol'ontil1a Dc")osits
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Priv.:;.tc Collectio~13 - Fina.lly,· Cont:i.l1,;i~· Bourbon-Purnn •
Gel'manic Ar.t
11
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12
13
Recapit~tion
13
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KUNS~HUTZ PHASE IiI :. ~ptember 1944 - May 1945
13
Activitias
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Further DetaUs a.bout the Deposi ts in Alto Adise
.
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14
Staff
General Jni'ol'matiOl'l
17'
FlOrGl109' Bridr;o:;1
urorla
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~ri9.ges
l.1issi.ngP:lctu..res.
.
KWistsc:\'lu:tz'A+7 ohives '
AI'l:.,y: M~um .
CONCLU$IONS' ..
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National Gallery of Art.
RepfClQUC9d fro.
'
the Gal/eryffiAthe ~Oldlngs ",G
,
G
rch,ve
W
afleryOfA~
t:ime 0fthe ' cal'ap:'li:..;n' iIi
'. first set up !..Lll MFN::A organisl:l tion
us No. tiol1J.:\l Fine .tu:'ts ACl.ministr:ll;ions 'of the occu';?iud terri torie
ass is t thorn in the preservation and '(Jrotection of YIO!k~ Qfart
. ,'.. .
t[; a;;ai:'lst war darr..;tC;c~
The sCCtiOj1 was conceived. entirely as
fWlchon of };iU. Gov. and Vias therefore ,only set up iIi ,countries ,undOr,
G,'mnaa Mil. COV. - F:.'rulce, Del [iiLull, Serbi'2l., Grocco. Holland bfJinG LUldei<
tt oiv il a d'ilL1i.s-cra tion rod nOK\lllstS(:hut~. '.rh0 co-ordin:J. tion of the ..,v'ho16>
wao a;~,')u:rcd b~T il, Dir(;ctol'·Gollor'al who belonaec1 to Olill. (This Y/as at fir~
Grof ::iOLrF-},lliTT.J::.:uiICHand after 1943 his deputy, Dr. von 'J.'IESCHmfITZ).
,
In It"ly no r~..l.l1S tschutzwas sot up until November 19l..3 . Bcfol'O tl1B. t'
time th/:)It(l.lian Oivil AdJiUnistration functionec1 Ul1.9.ided and when hostili
b.:::gan in Italy and Sicily su~h protective measures as wore un<fcrtaken b.Y '
the C':re:rmans Vlore tho result of the' initia.tive of 'individual Commal1dors.
But, as th0 Y'/',.l' movod north up the Italiu:~. p<:min::?ula (and espoci.D.lly a.fter ,.
the Arlt1istioe on Sq:ptoiilbor 8th), the Gc:.:rman ArTrrJ Group (jOillTfL;;l.llder (,
'
r(:;alise:u th:~:h something morc orGanised haa tob(; set up if lar~e numb0rs
of hiotorio 1m,HdinGs and 1l10vablo wor~s of art' were;; not to bo irrt:parab1y
damaGed, lost 02' dcs'Grayod. To this' ond therefore the Intollic;ol1cO Branch
(IO) of tllO' stiaff of C~in-O, Sauth,'I/as mado rvsponsihlo for :Lnitiat:ine ,~,
action and auViSlllf, 011 all artistio m.1.tters811d a competent offic(';:r (
. .
fllhrer HAGl1:!',WllT, 1'ormorlyof tho Germn Historical L'1.stituto in Rome)
a~)l?o:i.n\jed to d(;ulwith them. . Meanwhile in Rome the Gurman Embassy' VJaS
showinG COllo,,:rn and Consul M~LLHA.USEN, a.ssisted by Dr. H.iu~S and a youllg
. c.rt-hL:;'(;ol'ial1 of tho SS Dr. SctLJIBURT, took 'oortain iocal action in
conjlf€£.G·cio:.,-:, 'ii th the Itc.linn aut;loritios for the :6roper protection und
atorc:..~~e of "0"01'1:3 of a;:'t, archives, li=braric,s eta. 'At 'this t:iJ:l3 the
staff o;'fio,-,r was rosponsible for:
Gurman,
a) pl'()vic1inL~ notices to pri..Jvvnt the usc of fO.r,'lOU.s p31aeca, villas,
,;tc. bJ t::oopc.
b) rentovil1,L; works of art fr0r.1 d::l.l1.:::;or in
[;h0
NQV(;l·th,.:;lc~s l:;i1e Herrtlal1i1 Gocr.:ll1::; Divis iol'l
fton'~ 41l't:l8.S.
ablv,::,l1 Octooor19'43:,
to remove of its oVin ::.(;cord, all thu ''ilb'r~ ofo.rt, tho ValULlblc libr::.;cCt" '
",nu ::~::ch:i vcrJ from MONT;~011S3]JTO: ~~nd oarry tl/.em of( to. SP01Ero. Thl; 0XOl.\Sb::;':
-;~.J.S offGreCl tl1:1 t th(: collections wero"in:' d:"i1gcr of destrimtion.
'i'las
On OC'Gob(;r ;~Ot;h 19J 1
;), Dr. von TI~SCHO'\IITZ, then actil1£3Director, of
Kuastschu t~ in the West, 110.13 oroorod tly 0Ia1 to p,rpceed 'bo HQ c..;.in-C Sciuth
lio a:v~.'al1;;(;; :?o::~h(; establ1.shrilOl1t of o.n offioial l"'unstschul:iz in Ito.ly • . ,'
TL~srJlm;/il'i~ D,l'i;ivud on 28/10/43 and, uftor conf.c:;~ring vith :·1;1'10 vnrious:" '~,: .
,Gorman m1d H£~liD.n luli tary and civilian 'bod.ies conC0rndd, al1notUtcod . ""
o.PPointm,ent as Direct,or of Prof. H.G-. ~S, of Muiuch UnivIJm:.ity.
.
Was os ,;;lblishod !i~ sectiOn V6,' of'· Gcrma.n. Mil. Gov. (Mil. 'VOr'HaltUl'l.[:;) .' ,,"
Italy "mJ. c"me 'diroct;J..y undor the con:trol of tl10 Buv. Gel1Cr41:I.. Lil::iisOJ.~. '
C-in...O's stcd;'f vias establishod tlU'ou;):lHAGEMtJIN, who was' to co.rry on
before.
.
EVl!TI:l.S arrived in ROME en Novonibo'r 221,1d 1943 and .officiolly took
8.p~lointmol1t •
."..
"
' .
~. Thi~ wal! bO'bh militory .and c1vUio.n. 't..VEH.S estabiished
i:.1- i,(ONE ana \wrlr..e a. wHh SCImIBERT U,11.til:th¢l6.ttor v~as rl;called Y to ~L\,IJ""'~~
in F()hrll~\ry 19Lf4. ,Hi..; docided it. Ol1Cotocroatc a FLORENCE bratlch 0
o.lld ,,~:?po:i.l;·~eu. :t:r(>f~ ·1~'YID:!mtnCrr,PirQc~or:'6fthock:~ma.l~ Art ,Hi
..
•
.. ',"
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.
.
~e:pro~U~ed'fi'afrllli~~hbldirigs 6l
lhe:Gallery Archives,
tJational Gallery of Art.
·
In Febru:ary ::'VRRs was superSeded asDil'eetor by M. V. Abt•.· Che~ ~lld;.,
, '·:'StandD.rtenflllire,r' Prof. Dr. Alexandor IJiliGSOORFF of the' Pllblieat iona .
Dep1rtmcnt of the Prussian, St[\. te MUS0\.:unS. Thrc."O ri.dditioml manbors of .
staif were then reorui ted: HptnU"l. ZODEL,to \CIeul with routine offi()..:) a.""'''..
tiail; M. V.R. Profo JEIDEMEISTl:rrl, hr tl1eFar Eastern Dernrtrncnt of tho
.P:t,'ussian State l~iuscl.mlsi and Dr. Leo. BRDHNS, Direotor of the Biblioteoa
Hertziana in ROME.
I .........
.
~.
~
, W~th the exception of E\1'EJ.tS (vlho stoycd in HOME) all tho persorm.el was
in. FLO~lENCE. . . .
..
ACTIVIT:mS.
..
.
.
' .
..
,:
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"
.
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Placinc of Frotected ~on~ent notices e
~.
Protective Mcusuros f6r buildings, works of art, o.nu archives.
l.
Assisting Ito.li.Ons to repo.:irwar da.mage tohistorio buildings.
'.
"
li.ssistingI~~lians to bririg back works of art from i.solated d6posi ts.' .
. in the countryside, where tho'l1ar risks were ercatcr, t9'riX6dpla.oe~·'
- ROIvIE D:nd FLORTI:N'CE· .. v/hich hIld, . declared "opun citios".
been
. ' .\
.
.
.
~
NothinG noou 00 said in detail .of 1. -3, for it must be c;rantQd .that,
, on the protective' side, tho KUl1atschutz :worked hnrdand .achieveu vorygood
results. At thOS[lJlle t:imo, much vn.luable work wus dono: by lIAGll:iANN; 6.t
the military cl1d, Y/110 was able to procure ~IT and petrol (the.: Klll1Stschutz
had none of it s· OYI11) n.na ulso to o.dviao tho C.·in-C on'tho apandonmcnt· or .
de-militariso.tion6f ocrtainto,"ms of primo artistic importance such a~
· SImA, ASSISI, FLO;:WWE etc'"
.
.
..
.
. ThO transfer of deposits howev.or,:is another story. Durine his stay in
Italy in 1,943TIESCHOWITZ made un offiqinl agreement with tho It<..~lie.n
auth6ri ties on the cOli.ditions under 'iJhich those. works of o.rt which had ooen
evacuated to thiil country would be rotlM';n.eo. wi tl1 Germ..,,\l1 o.id. ) Inc.ddition to
thisthc FUhrer·i.ssuod, late i1119L..3 , . Q. Speoial Oruer to the effect thn.t
"those wor};:::s of ;rt ·wh1011. we owe~0 the gehius of tho Itc.linn nation are
to be .I:'(:turno'u to· tho open cities of R(l.m: and .FLOrtEl.~CErihcre they can be'
protec~ed f:l.'om tOl·J:V~l)() .. ,'hl.ng and.safoly· }?l'esorved for Eurppe.• " This work
was to be LU1Uo:t: taken in aiti'!lKm~nt y:ii th the PADUA Govcrli\]cl1t Lind in tho
closest co-opcro.t:i:on with tho Italian SoprintcndcnzQ~' he idea Ylas 'to
plo.co the works of (.:\,rt tempora.rily under Vp. ticari protection, 0. neutral
pO\'Jor which controlled c. numbor of, 8uitablQ'. storl'\B;e places throuf,hout t~
lungth of It:.\ly •. At the' ROME end nuch Vlaso..chieved and innumerable tra.hsfers:" . '
.
.were inade from placos such as GmNNAZZl..NO, Vrr,ERBo) VJILLETRI,T..\RQuniIA, .
NLi., crvrr.il. CAS'.LELIANA,URBlNO,GAETA, OSTIA etc. In o.uUl tiol1, de'Josi ts of
· works of art· f!.'omRom:.....h churchosandnmseums such o.s the Mus(;o Palatino or
the Ga.lleria Bcrgheso we're all brought .safolyinto to the Gi ty bcfore its: .•.
captur9 by tho .1I.1lios 011 JI.U10 4th 1944. , . .At. the FLO:Ir1NCE end only a certain '
number' of dcposi ts Y~cro' returned ~ some only in part) such as S~:..RPERJA,. '.U.J;1,~""'~
BARBERINO DI 1rua:ELLO,; Cl.F~\GGIOLO, etc. Tho sculpture which wus std~d in·,..,'
the disused ruilway-tunnelat INCISA wus also returned 111 15reat haste, on .,
special orders from KESSELltlliG, who needed to rouse the tlllU101. becauso tl:le
'new line had 'b(~on uestroybd bybombardmont.· Sinu).arly tho dbposi t at,
WIlS roturnod bc;oouse tho Germans wished to use the villa as their Gena
In all these opern.tions, lack. of MT was the main obstacle.
.l\TrnrllJ,n
MClNTECAssmo., Ono oporation, however" murits speoiAl attention us an";
· ·exam.plo cif Klll1S tS'chutz prooedure: nDr.1el:ithe '. ;transfer of the
. ' '.'
.depa sit t? ROHE. This,. as" alreo.qy; s,tfl . · p e e l 1 . · take~ bY.:·th,e. au,.!.·"""",-",,,,'.'
.,iGoering Division of its .owl'l·aoct0SP{)IJ!n'Q
I,'
'
."
.,', '.
�Reproduced fro .. , .
.
the
mAtheh~Oldjngs of
rc Ives
of Art.
. '.
'Gro uP..
Q"U.....
:.'.'~ ,.a"".
,. ction .to the
.."'.........'.;;)
. 'p,ovierful an~
'.
'. ··be thetranafer :of··. . .
guo or list'oftheeasos
.'
:::;e of transport was made.
1.40.:....
; pUI'i;lission was sevqral t,imes refused for Italial1. l::)Upel~llltiEll1dlen,ti;
an inspection ruld all enquiries were lOOt viith the answer that '.
:;.:
,sio11 o.1ono· was resp:msible for the safety of .tho objeots. . '. .'
'. '.Lt. SCllEIBF1R.T a:ld Dr. DEICHMA.:."'rn' of tho German Archaeological· Insti
ROME, suoc00ded in bainG allowed to visit' the depoSit (thoueh no_t t.O.
the oases) which Was in the Divisionis roar HQ at:...
."
an: ."'. . .,..
-
"
Villa Colle-Ferreto,.nearSPOLETO
,..
..
";,"\'.
,
..
and ):lEICHNANN reports that those YIIUC'41'h<;: inspeoted appeared uttha.t t
to be properly so:lled. In oonjunction .with the Italians,the problem
the MrnTEOASSINO colleotions ";'Ias the first' ono Iii th which TJ.:ESCHOWlTZ.
to concern himself after his arrival in ROME. (October 4.3) .BythCt~~.: .
EVERS arl'ivod tho Division had ber;un to relent •. On DGcci1ber 8th the
.'.
first consiGnment arrived in RONE andY1as handed over witll.: considerable .'
cerelilOl1Y to the: Vatican o.uthorities o.t thc Castel S. Angelo,! On January "
4th a socond cOl1siel1Ii1.ent was brought t9 the PaJ.azm Venezia. On both oo~; . ,
oosions :"!VERS ",'Jas present a.nd made a apooch, yet ho took no, step to find .
out WM t '·lo.S conta.ined in the cases; nor to discover tlle correct.. nUmber
.·nor to chock v/hether tho right amount )l.cid b0<::n handed over by the Pi
11lJERS claims ntill tJU1t he hadl1Dt tho. power, even as head of the lCuns,,",",l-I,,+.-i
to question or issue orders to the Goering Division. He: fUrther .uo....u'u.... ~.........,,:.)
th.::.t he was q,uite UJ."1D.Wo.ro .th..'l.t 15 co.ses of works. of art weremiss'ing,
tIllS wa s l10t roported to h:im lU1til much later, rum tho. t tho first he .......,""....... .
of it WOos from the Allied radio 8.:f'terthe fill of R(}.m, but ·tha·t as ."......."...v,.·
was rno.dc thore: of 187 cases and
he:n.O.d seen ovor' 600 arrive .he
the story. EVE4S states tho. t he: never. heard that, to oxplo.in ·the miss .
.oascs which had been detected by the Italiun authori'tieswork:jJ.1g· from the
origiJru NAPLES inVl?ntories; the Ge~n office·r. in charge of the. II.I;(l.U.l:>/-N'I-·
. stated that t~ lor:l;'ies had not arrived because of machine-eu;n fire en . . ....
rpute" that as a result of' this the ItcliUl'l. guards waited up all.lllcht to'~ •
rcceiv;o them , and that the two lorries neve;r a..rri ved.
as
EV:c2.S Ilea o.lso sta'~ed that, subseqoontl,y,ho heard that the 'lnissing~DQ'"
Vlere at ~SS:i!r.i.ln{GI s HQ at Mmrm SORAC9:E, that. he wrote to maloo onqiri.,rles
. abo ut thc:m and wa3 told thn.t i t wa.s no business 0 f his. wi th tho.t. rel?~:~'
EVTIRS was co~tent.
I
. '
,
"
"
Three l1.<;"\J!l:)shave boen given of' offipers of the ~r:m.a..nn Goerine; 'DiviS ..
.who Ylere connected with i;ht:: rct'l)val/of'.~hq works' of art:-
Ooorstlt.· BO:BROWSKI
"
SCHLEGEL
.Major
.
RAHLS
LAST DAYS~ After the fa.il of ROME,o.!ld with thc front roov,ing .cverolo
.towards FLORENC!.i:TI, c:onferencos were held. betwocn UNGSOOrtFF, HEYDI!J:mEICH
POGGI (the Supc:r:LTJ.tend.cnt of FLORENCZ) D.nd. it was decided t.h."';t, ovr.i.ne;to
the dancer from fir;hter-boDbcrs,no furth.er reJ1'Ovo.ls should. be moo from.
outl\yi1'l.g deposits back into the city. 'ilion.. on JIIt1.G 19th, Kun.stschutz.
ordered to' lc£\ve FLOm:::r~CE with the res t of the German Mil. Gov.Branches.
0s Jmblished there. But before 'lcaving, LANGSrortFF adc1resseda ftl,re\lell·' ",
l0ttor to POGeI yihich contains o.erb.in phrases which, in view of
'
.:ovei1.ts, a.roof significo..nce. '. ThtlB the let.ter ooginS! "At thi's mment
I hp,ve to leo.ve FLORE~ and when the werle·to which I. devotedo.l=!-m,y
·enerJies,. l1D.fficl,y the pro teotion of 'works of art.. is completed, I feel'
impelled, from thc bottom. of rev. heart; . to sD3 f"'):'ewell to you. 1I And
.. 4·'·':
.
'."",,'
::
•
�Reproduced from the ~oldings ijf ,
the Gallery Archives,
National Gallery of Art.
'
.....
'
.'
It. is therefore' el ear (~nd confirmed '~i:d iiiterro'eation),
, .and his stllff r;1Ovod north, on Juno 19th 1944, that
.'
th0 Kunstsehutz considered their wolk in
'E:,.
TUSOO1\y
over_,
.:£_ .
2,
,
no further Florentine do po sits wora to be }";1Ovod.
ISOLA J:L1JLA. was to beeomo tho now central doposit for
region.
It';bs also 0vioont, both from docUlilC:nts and conversation, thnt tho
..
Gormanshnd a.lrwad;y 00 Bun to W01'J!Y nbout Allied. Qroadec'.sts 011 tho subjoot·:
of their troatrnont of works of art. Kunstsbhutz fol t i'lisclf unjustly
accusod o.nd L,'I..Nc8DORFF hold his first pross. conference at thu el1d of MDiY•.'
Furtherrnore, in his furewell luttor to POGGI ho corrtlcnds himself and tho','
work of the ~unstschutz to Prof. Woolley, whom h" bolieves to be his
.
, Alli0d ol);)osito'mcrn.bor.
~
"
.~
..
ART PUilCHASJ.~S. KUl1stschutzY-ias supposed to look out for Ylorks of art
ii1 Italy \"lhio11 G,.jrm.lln nuseums miGht wish to acquire. Appa.rentJ.¥ th..:: only''
tl'o.asaotion \</hio11 took plUoe VIaS tho purchaso by EV'E,i1S of a picture by . ,
FJ!!UEIU31lCH from Dr. YmmZIliNO in ROME for Lire 200,000, for tho l1~DISCHE'
k1J1'T3THALLl~
in Ki.RLSRUHE.
'KUNSTSCHUTZ, PHi-l.SD II : Juno - Septomber 1944.
STAFF. Restricted by tho so-called Groen Lino; Kunstschutz ¥las first
esto.blished on il rOGional bo.sisas· f-ollo;'-isE
VI:RON.A: (HQ German Mi1~ Gov_ ) .. LANGS1XIRFF, EVERS; and ZOBEL
Vr:::NICE Dfld P.ADUA.: FIEYDENREICH nne. Dr. ~{M.Ar:IN-B:t:tOCKH.AUS of tho
Bibliotecu HerziaI'lD.,u new recruit.
.
.
Meanwhile R]~lDj!~l.1lJISTER, nRuirNs o.ri£l L.tU:lG wero sent off on tours round
the v[\~ious villas und pc.1aces of EMILIJ.. o.nd LOlv.1BA.RDY post:i..nc "Protected
MonLlhlent ll' notices (23/6/44 • 3/7/44 o.nd 9/7/44 - 21/7/44) .
In July 'a 110wtorritoriai' ~~~ision wus
.' .
MILAN:
.
moo:'"
EVERS, }~um aild rHrnEICH (for. \LOMBAaDY
. . . •
and PruDMONT)
,
..
mRGiJilO: (HQ G<.:rl:1..'\ll Mii'.G<>v.) ~ LANGSJX)RFF, R2IDZ:MEISI!ER and ZOBEL'
.
-
, VENICE c.nd
\
Plill1iA:
'.
.'
'.
'.'
""".".
'
~i.NN-KlOCI'JtmS (for EMEIA undo '1:8 T:cC~ VENEZIE;,
also liaison to Italirin FD.seist.Govt.).
Dr. sTh~mfuIT1R Wo.s avnilnble through 0.';1:.' ut SL1MIOtfE.
remained, us bcforo,.o.t HQ., C-in--C South-W(.:st.
.
.
.
'
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3D]' lli~G:L:MANN
,
AREA OF ~W:SPONSIl3~ITY. Two zonos of Italia.n,t'crr1tory luy completelY .
outside tho control of the ltUJ,istschutz :i.:ntl:simichas· ithcy wore· riot adrtiinis,".··
under GerT:1.O.n.Mil. G<>v. but formod u diroot purt -of thD o.djoining l\ustriart,
GUu. These' wt;;)re:':':" ' .
..
.
1.
,
The provinces of DOLZlJ'TO and TIIDfTO, . which were undor GaUleiter .
HOF'J.m o.l1.d formed rnrt of Ge.u TIROL ,(lal0wn o.lso as VORlJ.lPENL.ANl).;
-:5··
. ":'
,.,'
I.
: ...
','
..:':'
"
�.. ...
,
,."
"tiill~e n.rcas, '~rduch'tl1.cGa.ule
~ sso.r (Oborstor Konunisso.r) ,the
,";A......
:;'~'''''U''''J;)
of:..
'
,
and
a. ,Dr.J.' Rll:rGLER, , former" riirectorof tho nmSBRUCK Museum.
llis
assitant Dr. Ellen HlilTIEL;Dr. HUTER was archival .l;ldvi,scr., ,
",!"",
:e:~
Dr. FRODL, Conscrva.tor of Monuments for KAJInITI~IA, ond his as-, " '
sis'can.t Frau Erika lJANFSTAENGt.
",
'ACTivITIES. ' In addition to their oth~r ,activitics the followine were.
'assiGned a3:U;lportant new tasks: :,.'
E:.,.
Transfer' of'.ilorks of art from various placos alOllG the VH. ~vIILIA
to tho now' de'iO sit on, ISOLA m::LU.
~
b.
o.
-,
d.
, ' ,
. ,
The initio.tiol1 of protective measures for ~ol~le of too rore
buildingso.nd monuments (s:0:i3mmllilER)
Tho creatiol1 of 0.1'1 oxtensivo ~)hotoaraphio archive of objeots nnd
'buildiJll3s not previously photographed, vlith a compar:J.tivc section
(desiC1wd to help (d) below) showing buildings before and after
dau.·..ec.(HLYDE!.·mICII and LEH}l.Jm...mocmms),
.
A stuctr of t.hJJ forci.::;n pp:ss and a. campaiGll of rebuttal aZ!;l,i.llst ;:~
Allil:tl aoouse, tions of dostruction and lootinc. ,(}IE:lI1.1!Niffi,ICH W
LANG,'.ID:)l.lFF) ..
'
,
'
.. ,:
.
"
"
Tho bCl3iiLlinr; of :J.n imporJcant deposit iri VENICE.
TlIJ;NSFEll OF FIJO:6:Zrrnm DI:POSITS. At trlC,bcgiJllling' of ' J ~y" nei ther
KW'lStsohutz nor Arrqy Group was in possession of a flll;!. list of the deposits
around FLORBl:TC:;~ .'whichho.d not been brought baok into the Ci ty~ • Nor had
LANGSDOi<.F.F agreed with the Army crI'0up a;.:n~i policy as to hoyunilitary un:i ts'
would deal with them if uneoxtheCi ,during the, pmseq:f th.o fic;htin6 around
FLORENCE. It Y/D.S of its owh accord; thc~efore" that l>.riTry Group" at the
ooginninG of July issuod 0.11. ordor to all Gcl'1TID.n Llilitary units under its
oornmand,', instruc~in.e them:
i)
")
~~i)
1
to notify a.t onoo to AG P-;ll oo1"osi ts found; ,
not to rC,tl0Ve the contents' tos9me place of t~ic:i.r own;
if 0va,cuaq.on of a deposit Vias, necessary" to h.O.h¢l over ,the, contents
to thDeoolosiMtical authorities.' <, " ' : 1 , '
,~.'
,At the sumo tunc aliLioo.tion was made teFWJ.tE:NCE CITY Commander to obtain •",
from the Italians' t\ list of the romD.ining c1.epoai'ts. Tp,is list was fOI"\va:i::dod;
, to .i~G (find to ]Xv. Gencral forinf.o.) on July 15th with inclioa tions of w~"":';:
',vierc tho most urgent ,to cvaeuate", but s:hnting that they should oor.10 to , '
:: FLOi.1E['TCE.
", "
.
."'~ ,
The first incident oocurred on July 4th, when Col.lruTZN.lllt.l.,FLO~CE'
"Col'llrJ[Uldcr, sent for PQGGI and told him that 1 in 'Tiew of, th(j JD.ngor' from, ""'.. ,.........~
fire, tho oontents of the t1o];X) sit at tho Villa Bossi-Pucci at MaNT..~GN.ANA. '
(piotures from tho Pitti 0.1'l.d Uffizi) ha.d to betaken north of the '.l~IJVoUl,""","""".
POGGI protested toot this action WI"J.S entire~ contrary to the acreement .uu.I~",
, with lJ'.:NGSDORFForlly t'l"/o we6kspl'eV'.ioual;y 'and tho. t i f the works of art "U-Lu.,",,'
'tabo'moved then thoy shbuldcome back tolfLORENCE•. POGGI then called 'on,
WOLF, the Gcrlilf:ll Con.1ul, and a.sked ,him to intervene, and ,vas subM";,~"'''',.. . +--.
informed that, o.t the time of MErZNE?'s"sUlTIPlons, thO works of o.rt, , "",'......:.....,
','ooenremoved fror.l MClNTAGNANA.fabt, taken ,oil.July3rd,,·
.
.
..'. .
".,"
-
'. \
..
�..
e roduced .from the t)0ldings of
R P the Gallery ArchIves,
National Gallery of Art.
.f'
.
."
:to: :Mll.RANc)::SUi;. PlJ'uillO '
. . . with'. them .al~~was· told.
BOLOGNA'or" the ""''T:'-'TTn
. .• '.,
' Bu a~:;, '
,'.. ':of' ,~th6sci p:re1atcswo.&
. ,
the sit~tiol1 and ,both ,were .af'l'll.id of' rome ,Gol'T.1ll.l1trick... :
......'
1"f'Nri,-n..,.,.,.,.,'
of
"
,'On hcarin~ about MbNTltGNANA, FOGGI aslc;ft:d WOLFrtb, Bond for LANGS:OORFF",'
,'Who arrived in FLORmNCE fror.l VLRONl\. (accompanied by Z013l!!L) at 4 a.rA~ on
July 17th.
,
' ( iy'
IAtor in the mornlnl3 kUmSD::>RFF'called on POGGI anuVlll.s tola:.
th~~t ut 8 u.r,l~ on theprcviouS morninc a Gernan UlU.t (Inf'. Reet~"
71 (lilOt~)) hadbl"oue;ht buck to. FLOREHCr.: and handed over to tho
Direotor of the Pit tiGo.llery , tho moreimportun t i toms from
the ueposi tat Castello Guiccial'diniat OLIV.i~TO. The German
offie,.r in ehart::;c was 001. von HOFFMANN;
,
(ii) that t'iJO important piotures by Crrinach" "..\damll and "l!..'ve", .were
,
.
missing from thls traus;?ortj
,
(iii) that the .\\\:)rks from MOi\fTAGHANA should be 'brought back right
'awe:y to FLOliENCE and, that he, POS(H, did not wish any further
·evaouution of deposits made. . .
.
LANGSOOR.FFa.sJ.ced for n memorandun on the matter and said that he'iioul.d
make himself· per90rullly responsible fer the :iJnn1ediate return of, the, two.
Cranachs to FLORENc:F.J.' That everring LA.1'lCSOORFF ~nd ZOB:J:L drove out·'to
visit Inf. ·R.eg. 71, commanded by Col. KRfiGER" at OLIVETO-and to find the'
Cranaohs. TherE: were a number of;'pioture,sstill left in the ca'stello,
and these' were' rcrnoved to the cellars for greator safety., The Cra..nachs,·
it WD.~'; cUsoQvered, had been separat;ed from therestbecausc they were
"Germanic a;;,~t,1I and could not be ox~J6sedto.,the danger of bomg 'returned
to FLO::'1ENCE, thou[ffl. LANGSlXlRFF admitted that it was the Rer;t. t.s, j.ntention
to tal:e them'. toG.J...'11l'IAlfY. ,After some disol1.Ssion,appa:ccnt~, I.JJrc';:)DOR:l!Y
secured possession',of .the picturesfrol1.1 Oblt .. F,ELDHUSi!:N and ga~\'C: tr..c
, regiment D,\'reoeipt for "two LUldanagedpibtu.rqS;: ,1~A&m"; and "Eve"; by Lulcaa
.. Cranach 'Which are to be taken to GermalW' by the .undersigned. J:'N Abt .. Chef.. '.
LANGSOORFF. II The pictures. wor~ then placed in an ambull;mce and driven back
,to FLOl1ENCE, Ylhere they weretemporarily".plaoed inLANGSDO:aFFtnreoili.:in
.
the Hotel Excelsior•.. POGGI mc:anwhile was orilY'> illformc'ul.py L.AHGSDORFF·thEit
. he was on the track of the Cranaohs.,'
.
J
'
.
. .
On July'18thLA!fGSDORFF conferred with'various milita.:ry authorities in ;'
the FLOIillNCE region' and made up his mind that the deposits should be removed.
to the nO:J;'th by the Germans; ,whether the. Italians oonourred or not. lie
formulated this policy ina sign.9.l· taMil.Gov'';· stating: llSome art dcpos:tts.
in villas in eOWltryside are "noviLin r'a.r1go of artillery fire. A fortn:i,.ght
ago when I had aoquired a lorry to bring tho contents back to FLO:tfr"NCE, the
Italian Supcxintendontaasked lOOtorof'i'ainfrom doing so' beeause of the
dan~er . from 'aerial a ttaoks~ Am taking in handirnmodin.toly supervision and
direotion ef evacuation measures by our own troops ...... Ploase inform
H8cHS'm SS und Poli~ifUh.rcr O'GF ;(OI..FF and Prof. ~"VTIRS." POGGI was neither
oonsulted nor informed and when, ,on the evoningJuly 19th, he took r<:Hmd
the memorandum whieh had be(m ttskod, for to tho :&.":oolsior Hotel, he found
that LAlIJ'GSDORFF had alrca'dy left. ZOBEL and LlUfGstxmFFtook tho two ,
Cranachs and de')ositcd them in V:.:nONA.; then ,went to thOW1"TIli3.l'l Em:bo.ssy at
FASANO, where they remained until July 23rd.
.. I'·
It 'No.s duriIl[l; thcso.fcw, d~B at FASANO that L.ANGSIXlnW had an interview
with SS General ',fOLFF. ';fh;:., t .L1~GSJX)RFF said is not absolut;oly cel'ta:iJ11 but,
as a result thernLl.ttor Ylas refbrrod direotly te Hn!:av1Ll~ ::md GOn. liOLFF then
issued ;", special erder to LA1;rGSOORFF to "l30 and l'eJ1lOVO wh",tever could be
saved .ef th0 endo.ngercd works, ,of art belonging to the Uffizi and the Palo.z-,
zo Pitti in FLOHENCE. II Moreover an adoquate quantity ofMT \'/as pl~cod at
.', L.~.NGSDORFF' sdispOsalby Gon(;}ral WO~ to oarry out this operation:)
�Reproduced from the holdings of
the Gallery Archives
~
National Gallery of Art. .~
'., 011, J u.\Y' 25th LANG:sOORw,'8.l'id
,passed through ':~1:JPiJNA.,>:·,'v.',·n,"TO""
.
intendent', 'SO~INO,;;.
__ ~_.Y 'and a.nrounoeci't~t'th~y'W .
...
': of art from that area•. On;.:r:~/.
'
..
ed twico on .POGGI to 'infoIm'hiiI{
he hD.d beCnOntrustiJd, .
of all the most valuable works' of art from lFLORENCE~ J?OGCI
this could not be done O.nd.in faot IlDthing. h.:"\p~xm.e~ ,No '.",,'1>.),1"'''''''''''''''.\1...\
Col. Thl.ill<I;il'TI:T'S orders could be ~scov'9red ohd 1ANGSiX>RFF pretended '.
nothing .of_him. On JuJ,y 28th LANGSDORFF arrived in FLOREliITi!i ,
ro.'rGI to inform him of his mission.1ANGSDORFFrumounccd thit he.
the two Cranachs but would not soi \Jhere they wor~. .POGGI affirms":;
at this mootil'lg the question of eva:~UA ting thcdopb-'s~ ts Was· again:;
stily discussod, thnt he told"I,AlTCSOORFFthD.t the dCpCisit lit DICO~O
0110 in fflOst immediate dnnger and th.:'.t if it had bOGn oocided, to move "...
it then tll(; contents (D.Iltique and medieval SCUlpture) . must bcbroughtbaok'
'. :to FLOi:l]lWE. This instruction ,was oompletely iG11ored, 1iU':IGSDbB]'Fi:went
aWa::J to DICOHJ.\NO, loaded' 26 cases of sculpture on to his trucks o.nd, wi...h ......
informing POGGI, sct out yviththem onthunight of· July ,30th for VERONA..
.
where they arrived on August 4th. It WD.S during this return journey· tha.:\l';;'.
,LANGSroRFF first went to MI8.iJW to iooP9ct the pictuI'QS from MONTll.Gl,IANA•. ', .
(Here he found toot tho Gcrmanoffiour in charge was in contaot Y1i~ the.
, Ito.lia.ns (Ziu;:P.ET'fI) who Ylerepreparing to tar-.e ovor tho colleotion.).· .'
the event tho Gcrmons now claimthnttho Church of S. 0l1Of:rl.o at DIOOM/JiO • '
was insori.ous danger from bombine, that it ';vas the only building icf't ,.. "
standing in tho vil1c.SC, that the custodil:l1l had flqd arid that it was fur ..:, .'.'
too danGorous to think of taking tho 'workS of .art back to FLORENCE. In . ."
considering these 0xcuses it is import,ant to realise tht.l.t tho inhabito.nts .
of DICOLL'iNO l1.<.l.d all buen driven away by the Germans and that, apD.:::t fro~' '
bomb 00111;,\130, the village had bocn h0avily mined and blown up 'by the Gerrrnns
and thD.t tho survival of the ohLlroh was probably not so miraculous as they.
YYQLLLd have it appoar. Moreover the whole op;ratio,nvJas hastily improvisod .
and instead of tak:Lngtl1c ,. scUlptureJ .as one would have expoote9., to the', '
new deposits on theBORROME:.N ISLANDS, L.IllfGSDORFF :took it direotto. Gcu.
Wolff's HQ.
. i ' ,
While LANGSDORFF had beonthUl} epgaged, th~ ItalianS, in ithc form"of',"~!:'::',';
BIGGTIU, Fasoist Miniatcr,iIorEduoatipn,and Prof'. Carlo' JU'rrI~ hisDir06'1i9~:;,
General of Fine Arts, had been busying themselves trying to ar::an!;o for ". ,
the transport of the works of art from N.IAR.iili'O to the new deposit (, which
ill'iTI had just visited) on the BO.tt.lJM:!lll.I.N ISIuUIDS. On JLUY 26th J~:NTI wrote
from P.iI.DUJ.~ to tho SUj)f;rintcndont of th6Gallory at MOmTAinfol:ffiing him of'"
the deposit at MAR.;JIO and usking h.:inl to get ~ touch with Kunstsohutz' c.ffioE{,;
in M]L.i~,T [md als6the Superintondcntthere (Pll.CCHION:t) to instruot them (as" '..
b(;d.ng locallY responsible) to. supcrvis6 the' t:Cal'lSfer 6 f the YJOrks of art
,
to the 130J.:lOMillAlI ISL.:J:IDS•.. 011. Ju.l3 .27:th k.J:1
CSOO.:n.FF'·Ja311otifi'ed''byi..NTI, ;' ....
that he was sendi112 Prof. Rena to :a.iliTOCCTIU and Pro f. Pietro Zl.J..lPETTI (from'.
the: nearby deposit utGUIGLIil.) to ;take ovcr tho pictU1'os,at',MA:i..iliOnrid," •
attcnd to their transfer, and on July 31 st 0. rOj?ort on thvir cono.i t~onyvas
ho.nd.cd by, Bi.:.:.l.TOCOIHI to EIC,e,nU( thD.t is, to rso.y, the day before LANGSOORFF
CDJIlO to'l\t',:alillO).
InaJditioli. 'co this Prof. Th!,:c1'fOCCTITI visitcdL.J:'IGSlJORliF,'s .
: officain BJ.!::RGj'JJO butwG'Un August 3rd arid 5th vJi th instructions from the.
Itali,m Govt. toc1om.~1.dthe immodio.to restitution to thc Italian
of the co lio ct ions which hD.d bU011 moved. In L.UfGSDO~(::!'Ft3 absonoo, ZOBELwo.s
in cn.".rgo and reccived a memOrandum wbic};lho duly cOl!llnunicD.tod to i1.is .
'superior. L.tll'iGSDOrtPF wa,s therefore in 110 doubt about the wishes of tho ..
Italians vihari. he re'('ortpd to SSGe~ral WOLFF on .l\.ugust 5th and asked for.
dircct.;i.,o~'l,S about viha1'a to storo the works of art.. It was, moreover, not
only Llossi'blc 'but.~'ola tively safe to transj?ort the ,collc9tion either' to
1 VElfIC~~ or 'to tho BO::r.::01vlEAN. I,SLiJiIDS, ,and the writ of KUl1stschut~ran in
'l' plo.oes. But .General 'ViOLFF, viho m.o.kes no. secrot of his eli. slilcoo.l1,d
. o:Z tho Italians, spoc:i.al1y of tho Neo~Filsoist Goyor11lIl,ant, and who,
'.
,.
,
, .
•
1"
,J',' ,
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• •
' .
. ~.
' " "
' . : "
.'
•
• •• :
~",.'
..;.
' ': • '.'
�"
fo'~':IW;y'~rid 'thti '," l':LI'~"
..
=.." ............ remaih
, Control., He ,','
fore telephoned. to Ge.ulei tel" HOFER atOOLZANO and informed him' ", ' '
want~d storage accomodation in Ga:u SOUTH TYROL.,·· HOFER suggestQd the"<
QCHSEIDroPF and WOLFli' agreed. WOLFF was fully awa.re that this was' " .;
tef1.taJnotU1t to sending them into Reioh territory because HOFERiwas a sort
"of' uncrowned king in his own Gau and refused to admit a:n:.r Italians; but
i General WOLFF olaims that the piotU+'eswo~st:i.ll on Italian torri tory,
that he'stipUlated with HOFER that he re'tamed full control and that i,t"·
t had ever como toa show-down, hewas.oertain of being able to defeat·
,,
Besides, he did not want to have them, stored neE\.r the Swiss
.
:. ~:frontier for' fear ,lest WlSSOLJNI might ,send so1oo -of them. over tho frontie~,::,
guo.rantocs for a loan.
''
\J"
,
.It is clear tha.t at this conference the fo.te of all tho Tuscan deposits: ,
settled c.nd thut,despite tho r.:.llicd eO:i?ture ofFLOREN'CE, which lasted
.
from August l~th - 11 th, it was deoided to 'risk everything (including tho , .'
:,' I preoious works of art) in ordor to get them into German possession. It, is.
f 'perhaps no more coincidence that" almost simultaneoUsly ill. F.dANCE the SS"
. \ t made every effort on orde:-s. f:om ~nnvIT.LER.to, remove the ~X t~pest~ from:.
'j the 10 uvre to GERlvI.ANY, wh~le ~n lillLGIUM they s uooeeded ~n remov~:ng from"
.:"
\1 BRUG15S Co. thedrc.l 0. large sculpture by Michelangolo and 11(iffiporttl.nt ptd.llt
\;In Ilooorde.nce with General ifOLFF't3 deoision, ,thbrofote,' REII:ll~-:MEIS1"$R took "
\ \the DICOMANO, consi,gnment up to BOLZANOon Augus t 7th, while: ,LANGSOORFF o.~d
\ZOBEL wont first to MA::IANO" ,to Ilrro.n:3e for the' removal' of . the.:MONT.AGNANA
l,eolleetion, o.nd then toPOGGIO A CAIANO, tho most 'important deposit rcrrain
ling, to S0C about eVlloUa.tin~ tho.t. " .
, . , '.'
.
, , ' ,' ..
'" {l'wns
i
,I
On o,:::'l'ivo.l at BOLZANO REnXEltlffiISTER presented himself to the, Gn ulo iter ,
and told him thJ.t tho OC'fISENKOPF Vlo.S quite unsuitable as it was.very d..'lffiP
j rand 0.1 so too main ommunition dump. ' The Gaule,i tor thorcfo 1"0 said thllt tho
; 'things should be taken to JllNSBRUCK or BAVARIA, to whioh RBIIEMEISTER
repliod thn.t hG. would first have to .obtain ,the oonsent of General HOLFF.·
HOF.ER then toldRE:rD'E}t~ISTEa to get in touch withDr.RTITGLER,and seloot '
suitable other' aecomoaation in ,Go.u SOUTH TYROL. During tho noxtt\-/o days
(August 9th and 10th) those tWo toured the area aIJd finally selected:
(i) 0. disused gaol Ilt :S. LBC1NA.m:n, "
(ii) Sohloss NEU.Mill.ANS, o.t CA1vlP;) TURES,
,
f,
.
,
".
both of them remo.tc villages on tho way up to the BilliNNER Pas? ,Possibly
tho extensive star,lige' spaoe selectf.;d is a. good indication 6f the ql.Ullltity' , ,
of works' 'which ImI.IJI:llli1EISTER expected to ftore.· RINGLER's only responSibUi ty'::,
\: in tho Im.tter was to give teohnical Ilssistance, and it must be granted that'
.' the plo.ocs seleoted were~ro~ suitllbl¥-fer storing wor~s of art. On
Augua t 11 th REI~rnrr.gTEIl tooK
e~1·k.Q. £~ ..DICaM:ANO Up to their now
homo at CAMPO T1J.. ;ES.
'.
...
"
.
LANGSDORFF (with ZOBEL) IllUanwliile wcnt f;i..rst to MA.i.1AN0, and then called
on Ge:ner£l.l GRElNER at his HQ. in BADI (Poretta Po.ss) to inform him of
('nU:ml.·al 1'{OLFF' sorder and to ask him to keep KUllstschutzinforlll3'd of the
possibility of evaouo.ting the remaining deposits. On the soma do.y (AuguSt,
8th) LANGSrx:m.FF went on to inspeet tho deposi t in the Villa Medici at . "'.
POGGIOA OiUANO with the Goncral' s .A.D.C., one Lt. )/J('ilROll'ETZ. But tho'
artillery fire is said to havo ,boon suoh that they reolised there' wa.s no
possibility of ovacuating the doposit thc:n ru1C1 deoided tovnit for a quieter'
pc.:riod when they would return. On .August 9th lu~:N(:;·SlX)RFF 'was back at MA':'
,
,RANO supcrvis~ the loo.ding of -the. piqturos and on the 'ovoningof August',
10th, o.gain without informing the Ito.lions whom he know to ooaetivelY··
i
.
,
- 9 - ,
•
~,
., ..
�Reproducedfrom the holdings of
the Gallery Archives
National Ganeiy of Art .
.
-'.
to talce them to. tAKE.m.t\I.:a;;:r.I,.IJJ;1u;!1
and roLZANO, whero he'
cd :.H.lJ.j!l.1J..:)
s(291 in a.J.J))i~"wJre·t8.ken; up to
rding to Li\NGSJX)RFF,,":t;hoywore.soc
.. 'th 'from tho "'_._..'-,.....
and from .lJOs13,ib:I.o seiz~o by the Btitish6r Amoricans:
'. On 11.ugust HI·th L.iillGSDORFF androInmMDIS'l'E:R went back toBERG:tOO'
t 15th it wa.s dooidcidtha t REInEMEISTE..tt should bo attached .,.r""""....
. the staff of tho, Military' Commander of l?OLOO-N:A (whore ·hci a.l'riv.ed
th), so as to be nco.r~r lo the fighting troops o.nd mo;roo easily aV
. ar~'anging .l'o11!Ovals. On' August 19th REWEMEISTER :received the.' v ....J.. v ...
., . ic;nril from· General GRi!.::rn:r:.:R: liOn the occasion of a visit' to ono' of my
ho.ve h:arnt tliUt romoval of';thc o.riJ trellsuros from POGG;rO A Ch.IANO u .......• u.:".,
perfectly possiblc now, o.s the artillery on this.. sector has· bOcn· qUiet ..
rSlJvcral dOiYs.• :.SugJ~(;st youuttompt the evacuation of theso. 'jI'oo:i:ous'
treasUres." On, ::Auglist 20th he VlUS at GOnerOJ.. G:rreINrrR 's R,~." where- Lt•. · .'
was o.ssic;ncd to him us spQCi~:.l.D.ido. They hur'riod 'off to POGGIO '.,
.. J\ CALlliO, which th(JY' found hadbcenpla,oed,undor Po.pDJ. protection since
·:Jl.ll329th. a.nd was full of rofugc:oso.s 'violl'as YJOl'ks of art. But,
~oREIDEM]I:IsrER, Po.pa.l protection Vias of •.r iQ·avnil ugainst artillery ortl:lO.;"
Anglo-Amorioc·.ns. Then they Vlent on to ,PODK.w (1i TIVlFIllI{O, to a villa whioh';
.was boingus(;d us HQ •. by Regt. 1060. T:her(; Were D. munoor of l;iotures .' ,;'
· stored here, \Ihlch h~.\d bc..:;n movud from the ccllnrs to tho .up~Xir floors by
tho soldiers in set ting u:? the ril. Lti'~n~IS'ELi. identified tho pictures
as heine from tho collection of the Florentine art dcarc.!l,' anc1 collector Con.....
· te COH'rlliI o.nd ordered their evo.cua. Hon. The Regt. then 'inoved them toL,A
ROCCI:L.~lrT. :. nr.J.IQLA (2 lorry-loads: L!-1 pictures) •..
,
no'
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, On Auzust 22ndRl.n:nITh·nUSTER returned
•. to 110go,/:;iato· wi th tho prie;st in charge.
:.proventine the. rcmo;v:al~ requested:-.
£:..
.
1?.
.e..
to
.
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PCGGIO A Cl~I1illO with an int-.A·"""'~<A-t:,...,..,
The priest, wh,o ho.d no means of
.....
•
a lisl; of the cnses rCI\lOved, 'proper,ly signed
unit stamp.
'
and ,Stamped
with the
.
that the Bishop of BOLOGNA '00 informed•
that the; Vi',.TlCAN be inforrood, sinDe t:1,e contents Vlere under P9.pal
protection.
RE]J:lEMEIsrER lx1.id no o.ttention to those requests and merelY. reforred the
matter to LlUJGSDORFF for o.ot:iqn in an offioial roport on Septemoor 2nd.
On ii.ugust 23rd thrc;;:. lorries provided by Genero..l GtlElliZR were, loaded wilth
'30 oases and. sent to BOLOG.!.'fA, wllere the Yiorks of ar;t wore temporarily
de~lositcd il1.the il..qoo.dcmia.lt::"is·u ou.:riousand.t:in.o.xplioablc faot thl;Lt,.; at ..,"
· tho vcry momclT:; wllUn the contents of (;his villa wero bC:Ui·f~ removed, the
•...... Gorrnnn radio was brondcast:i.rl.8· o.l1.offioial OIIllQ.\U1.O€lment· to. tIte iulicd Com- ..
.... . mcl-la'concOrnin[: this a.rt-dopa sit . sto.til1gJ;lw. t, . in: ordOr.to· o.void destruotio~ ..
'i'~horc arc.no Gol'ml.mtroo1,?s oit};li3rmth,o,Villa Medicen or' its surro .........'.......6i:J·
and .t~:.t this area n0ither hus'bocl'lnor YJi).l be used for military.purpose
.A,ntlo-.American authori ties vvi11 tho:refore h!.we to bear th.::. fullresponsi .........._.v,
if they should uxposc those .t.r.casures 1;0 ,q..:'\l1gcrs; rosUlting from militarY,
operations." . On ~~ugust24th ru~IIID.tlli:lS'1!fm rot 11.r nod tb BOLOONA toorganiso . . ,
· thc convoy to )(;110 north.; . While .there hodi~co:v:6r0d that 305. Inf. Div•.had:,..~ . .
of their own accol"d ·.8vacub.ted -the; coritc:n.:ts of two 0,(;1101' ()e11Osits:-'
..... .
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and
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Villa. BOCCI in soct -( 3 lorry-loads.; 12.8. 1?~ctures)
00.8tollo POPPI, near BIBBIENA. (8 10;.'1:y-IbtlUs 1 rt9 "
,
oases of sculpture), .
'.
. .
.' ti.
.'.
· ,{hich h.1.U' b,;c:n ta.k(;u t9 the neighbourhood o.f'.FORLI' •. ' R1Iillill·:IEISTE?.
thQlfi( on .i\.uzust 28th) and ord(:redth,(H::':remqval too to the' NOl~th.
•
"
t, • ~
�Reprodu~ectfrom the hordings of
.
the Gallery Archives
National Gallery of Art.
. 0.'
f'urther:~;&.bG·
o~sos D.'~rived
lllBoLOGitA . '
Dcspit6"thb,
of.
" :bper:intendC:rit 'whd ·l)D.uvJ.:..........
.ANTI to' send everything tatoo RoyalVillo. at STRlt,RE:rIl.E!11EIBTER:.·
.. ranged for the ncoc ssary trD.nsport to the north to be st(.i?pliecl byHq.~.1
"'" an,d '10th l1rmios rospeot~vely; r.i'he chronology of the. trru1.§Jfor to: tho
!:,is o.s follows:..
'.' ,
.
,27/8/41+ 5 lorrios go from BOLOGNA ·to VjI:RON11. (POGC'rIO things).
28/8/41+ ZOBEL goes from BlTIi:{Gi.MO to VERONA and takes over esoort
5 lorries to' BOLz.t\NO. .
.'
.I
29/8/44- ,Arrival in BOLZANO. ZOBEL lilso brings tho' Vii 0 Cral1D.chs man.'
o.mbulail.O(;,'
.
Issuo of petrol 'suspe1\dod by the Gcl'll1D.l1 A.:I:rrw•. 'The convoy is
30/8/1.;4stuck in BOLZllNO., '
.:,
.
, 31/8/41+ Despatch of 11 lorries from FORLl' to BOLZANO by 10th ~ ,
(POP.Pland 30CI thip,gs) •..... '.' . . . '
.
2/9/44- 5 more lorries desf)atcOOd from BOLCGNA (POGG]l)and CONTTIU).
'. 3/9/44 They arrive in BOLWO. ZOBEL seoures a special grant. of petrol .
..
.
l/9/44 Ton lorry,:"loads sent· up 'to CAl,iPQ TURES.
One more ,lorry':'load a}'rives in BOLZtillO. The two Cranachs sent·
6/9/li4
to .3. L:..1ON.kl1IX).,
.. ,
.' .
' . '.. .
7/9/41+ Fi vo more lorry-loads'sent up to CAMPO Tt.IR.:GS (FnTALIX and POGGIO),
.
. With the completion of this. operation th~ Germans had five de;?Ositsof .'
Italian state-owned 'works of art arid two large private collections (CO}TTlIU
" . and.FDIJ'.ALUC) under theirabsoluto control.'
.
LANGSOORFF, who had been' dirccting this operatiOl) f~om his. BErt.GriMO of";;"
fice, had been largelycmployed de,13.1mg with, the Italian protests. On
,;.August 9th the Minister BIGGmI had proteste.d to the Italilin. Foreign ..............'"
;' and demanded that 6. protest be made through ,the Gcrrriah :embassy. On August
12th -bho'Sup(;rinrendentat BOLOGNAwa:s'lllformed ofoertain plaoes along
every !?osrdblo rout(; which were the offioial ItDlian colleoting points for·
• works of' o.X't; the Royal:palnocs at MANTUA, MILAN, and STRi\. etc. On j\ugust
2Lfoth the Italian Foreign N'dnister made his first protest to iunbasso.dor
RA.HN. On August 25th a letter was sent toL.ANGSDORFF dcr;1anding restitution
o.ndproposing tpetransferbf all the colleotions to the Italian deposit
. at SONTh\LO•. On August 28th .ANTI received a letter (v,rrittcnAugust 22nd)
.
from LANGSDORFF statiilg that lion orders from,higher authori 1zf" the works
of art had,been taken. into the .AL~O lillIGE (GaLl. SOUTH. TYROL). But on the .. ,
same d3;y he receiv~,d a lctter( w.ritten.l.l.ugust 24th) from his su~orint.endont '
. 1ft BOLOGNA statiM :the oorrectlooation of tho Gcrmln deposits <,.ho must hD.'VIO:'"
got this information fromREmmMEISTER) und' announoing tho arriVal of .110
fu.rthcr cases from Tosgana which are being sent north. On i1.ugust 39th ANT~ .
telegraphed to the BOLOGNA Superintendent thD. t ~vor,yth:i.ng £:rom TOSGANA was
to be sent to the Royai Villa at STAA, but REI~i1EISmR refused to hood 0l'\Y
such order, sayirig' tho. t he had to carr,y out IJu"'fGSDO:R;FFts ordOrs and that
.the Italian Ministry of Eduoa tion hD.d be0n informed~' ':By thu f~ st week in
,
Soptenlber the Italians realisod. that they 'Wore powerless to. oppose LlJf~t.
\ high-kmd.cd behaviour us they had pro.otioa11y no petrol or means 6f
transJorto.tion of, th.:.:ir 0.'1111* To, 0. personal l~t~cr from_~st?;: Blc;c..mI
..
_
on September 6th L.I.NGSDORFF r0pl'~ed that qond~hons at s. L:iWH"",UX) and
.
\.\C.AMPO TURES W0re excullent,. and tho. t SONl1.:.L0 (the Ito.lion suggestion) Was
Inot sc.fe, Fil).~\lly, on September 13th;. BICCINI received an official comunioa-,
\tion from. HI';CLER throughlUnbasso.dor RiUiN statin£:; th:"lt tho works of art from .
\the Tusoan deposits had. been taken into the i.LTO J1DIGE simply beoauso they .
. ~cro safer there tl~U1 elsewhere, and 'that whatevor happcned the integrit,y of
ItD.lian Sto.'i:ie Co1l0etions would 00 respected.
.
.J
PRIVATE"COILECTIONS•. The Gern'k.'UlS did not concern themsdves 111. Italy as
0lsewherc "lith tho 0xpropriatiol1 of Jewish collections. Nevertheless 'in'
April/May 1944 Bomee.ttcmpts were JIl..'\dc by the SS [\L~thori ties to h8. vo t:w?
.. \
- 11·...
.,',
"
'
�Reproduced from the hard'
f'
tht: Gallery ArchiveslO9s 0
NatIonal Gallery of Art.
,Berrt£u.a "O"!:'r.... -i:t!''I'~I'''1\T":,",.... J.'-4,'':....... ,
was' referredt6<'tne',;}hmlS;t$(
,H~ydenreich (with outside
in frustating, t~e ,
, pOinting out that though both wero,'~eVl3 they were US c:ltizens~
"
The follo~'1ing i?riva te colleotionw werahoviever seized and
:~~ 'GermanS;
.'
'O,
! '"
•
(1 ) FINALLY. This colleotion figures ,in the dOo'l.lIJ"ents as belol1£in~'t
" the J c'wish. Amerioan art''';dealel' pnULLY-,ACTON II , or sometimes
'
FJJ:.fALLY-LANDAU, and Was removeq.froEl the VillA FTIiAILY (ex,
LANDAU),' Via :Bolo;jnese 126, ?10~lb;:,:., Thoro is here a German, ,
cO:.11'usion, for tho colleotion belohgsto a French banker (re
dtJceased) called PEIALLYand has nothing to do with the collec
, of AC'l'OH (an English art-dealer) resident in the same street,
'
i;;xcept that certain o'bjects from the FlliALLY colleotion -were hid·;'
den in tho cellars of the Villa ACTON. 'rhe colleotion was seized:
by a Gornnn paraohuteunit dtf the TRETTNER Division between JUl3 "
19th and August4th,1944e ,The two offioers responsible are 'sa '
to have bevn:'
,
OSLOFF (who lived in the Villa Acton)
,
:Maj.
Hptmn ,ECKERT...MfuJ.Jm. (who lived in the Villa Finally)'
There is no 'reeord of the IOOvements of the oollcotion until it
turned up at tho Palazzo Ducalo/ BOLZANO (General~mLFF's
residence) on August 4th, where eaoh object wasphdtographcd and.'
tIll; whole signed for by'Waoh:ttneister HAASE,'CCreral ,vOL:EF's
....
Jomo. On tho General t s instruotions it was taken over by Kunst
and removed to CAMPO TURES (Soptember 7th), where it was stored
in a separate locked room. It was fUlly' catalogu0d by Dr•. alliGLER
and Pro f. ERWIN'S on Au~ust 25th and the ootails 'sent to Gen0ral
...
dOLFF. The GE:noral oould offer no Qxpla:na.tion as to wh3 this eo1
lootidn.was in his possession.
..
(2) CONTnrr,. As ropo'rted' abov~,thi.s co1l0ction was rcmoved,.t'roffi'a
priVa to do po si t at PODERE DI TR4FIAN'O and; noattempt was made to:
inform the o'wiier,cither ~,fore or a.ftervuirds. The:.Kunstsch:utz~,::,:'
personnel; .was aYiareth8.t. Conte COi::rrJNI was' B. friend of GOmRJNG, , '
md sold' se'Veral picturos toh~' They also knew tha,t. :the col";'
1ection, had been bequeathed, to theItalian (Fasoist) State.· '. . '.
This colleotioh was removed ;Cromthe Ca.stle. of,ti~'
Duke of BOD::U30N-PARMA by the 16th. SSPanzerDivisiol'ltipd wa.-s, : ..
handed ov<.:r to Gcmral HOLFF who orderodthat it should bes .
i.n Cas.t1c ro~SBERG- (above M:li::tL\N0) an.other of his residori~s.:;'·.
HTIl1JIa:..1!.'R -SO())nS to have $hewn an 1nterest in the colleotion and '. '.
to have ordcredits renio:tru.,to" Wl!."WELsBURG (in GERl\IAJiJ'); a.
request which was refused owing the. lack' of tre.nsport •.r Gener,a!,,'
lfOLFF could not explain the: presenoe of this co11ee tio:t:l eitho'#~,.,:.,
""5;;~"') .
C:;iliMANIC .A11T. The srune intor~st in traoldr~ down Ck:rmanic art 'a~ •.
b0cn found in·othcr theatres w~s also shOwn by the GorIn8.l1s il'l. It~~,
in April 194Jt. KUl1stschutzwas' asked to give every e.ssistanceto Dr.: .,.,.,-.,,,"'""',,
of the Eiusatzstab ROSENBERG. in his; 'researches into the origlllS ofGcrman
musio and h~~ search' for~rmD.l1m~ioB.l MSS, 'Whichho wished :to>Ph<?"",·I"~!,.I.',tl,l:t"..
Then there. 'was tho case of P+,of'. WJ;LLVONSlIDER of VlE'n:cA, who se.ttled·
.
BOLZiillO to-stu<tr and plbotograph Gl:ll evidences of Gormanieart:in N. I
The Professor enjoyed the special protection of. Gauloiter lIOFER and :;vas
therofo~e able to 'have cnses"frbmvariouS Tyro1eo.n deposits' spooiallY.· .
brought to BOLZANO, where· he had· freedom, toopE:n any at- '·;liLk_
.
must also b.:: made hero to tho
on Gauleiter HOfor',s
oertalll Dr. I-IUTER,:a. fervent
(3)' BOURBOH-PAH11A.
,
. " I: "/" "
:"~; '. ,-
'
.
.
. '
' .
\
1·
'.
.... '.
�ReproducedJrom the holdings 01
th~ Gallery Archives,
NatIonal Gallery of Art
.;;
"
a~d .stor~·
nrll""lTC'''TT'''phing
SCfJ4Xat6iy
""GormaIliollarch5.Vds of'. ... . .
'·'ill.' La.stiY . the -oasd of, Dr~Karl MAYR, \var...tiloo Director .
.JJY'.u",
........ ,
UU80um,vmosc' ,enthusio.sm for GerinO.nic al1t was suoh t~ t' Ilio pI'
ul<;;iter HOF& with a special list. of th<3 most valuable 'it~s o:vn:iJ:ti
:.frt N. Italy, b01ievihIJ that those should be all collootcd in BOLz.alO
'. th(;jir greater safety•. Dr. MAYR was partioulD.rly into~ested in j'ao
from tho Supcrint<3ndent at PiJ)Uk twenty-t-wo recently cxoavo.ted Byztmtinb
" ; gold ooins, which Vlere describod 0.8 "most'importnnt C!."C8.f11))los of Gcrmardo
art".
.
AllCIUVES. As in \V. Europe, special instruotiOns ,wel'O issued to the'
Archivists on the Kunstsohutz in Italy by the Dircctor-Gohera.l of the.
Gernl.'l.n Str~te Arohives on S(::ptanber 6th 1944. '1'h8/ instructions were to
locate ond secnrc:
,
lUl
urchivc~
surrendered. from Viel'lIleSO Archivos to Italy w1.der the
the TroD.ty of St. Germofn nnd
1920, 1922 !lnd 1924.
.ih~ni8tioe Corrmri.ssibn of 1918,
~1.0'u0mcnts with ~t,uly of191~,
All itU'llS in }T. Ita.lian J.Fchives which, by their boaring on Austi'o
Itt·.lian :.:ela tions, arc bf importance to Gorrnnn historio£ll rcsearohO:F,::
J1 special group of archives of gel1eo.logicdl intero'st to the 'German ;
Police. (SD) whioh Y/cre said to be stored in tho cellars of tho
. Doze I s Palace in v.iIlHCE.
'. It is to credit of Dr. LANG that he· completely ignored .'t11 such requests.
I
HECl~ITULti.r.r ION • Bctween J Wl(; 19th and Sc:ptembcr 15th Prof. IJJfGSOORFF,
tho of:tioer in Cornmo.nd of Kunstschutz, acting on orders which he had
roclu0stod from "higher aL1thorit-y" - Genel'2),l "(roLF]' nnin1;ains firmly that
thi.: Pl'oj0ct for removinG the Floro~1.t ine do!}osits origin'lted with Liil'IGSOOR):fF
and not in M1Lllr - sucoeeded in' taking into German oustoqy a munbcr of the
most important paintings and sc.Lllp:tlu·l'es from 'Flore:t:lti118 museums and priva.1:;o-'
collection" to a total of:- ,
.
'
532 pictures
. 153 mses of soulptures
Fii1.ally and BOUl'bon-Pa.l'IllD. oollectiol1.s.
LAl'IGSOORFF now soules to ~'.rgue that had theso works of art b(;(;n left in situ
they would in0vitably 11:w(; boon destroyed by 3ho11-firo ol'bonibing•. To
his Gcr1,,an sUi.jcX'iors at the tim<.: h~ ;::c~)orted that he had roscuod them from
th<:i clu'tehos of the Al1.().o-Americai:1 btl,l'bL').:cians. ,He also soules to maintidn
that ho ,was aoting ill the best Italian intcrvsts. Tlw fucts 80:;:0, as can
be soen from the a1x>Vo, that at no point was aDY h(:ed paid to Italian
wishes, nor were It0.liana informed of the Connan plans, nor were" Ony,
Lt~\liI),l1. Fine Ar{i6 a.uthorities o.l1owed. to be present ultrmg th(; moves. In
,ad~i tion t?.. ~hi8. it i~ n(~o(;ssJ.ry to 1~ihl,.tl.1..}t ?nly on(: of ,the c.1e:?Jsits, .
PO ,lao .tI.. C.U..AI>TO, 1.1as ~n faot d..'U11e.ged.
. s$.tYf ~t shoUld be noted tlk'1.t,., .
des:?itc tho. ~i·l11£:.n pretcnp<.: of acting as trustees foi' -1:;hc Italio.ns ,in thUB , .'
t~\kin8 charge of their art collections,Genonll iiOLFF stated' that he felt' .
II thuy \:ie!'l;
na fc l' i:;i a Gorman Guu than ul;l0n 0.11 Ito.lif:l.l1. ~slap.d."
'~TSTSqH_lIl~ PILiSE III:
Sontomoor 19Wt"'!'.M:l.:[ 19[1-2.
STAFF. For tfte firsf part of tilepopod the previous regional diat
was lTl.::l.intained.On September 15th LANGSOORFF also b0camc Director of tho'
:personnel Branch of Mil. Gov. (Chef~Abtei+ung) and devoted .;.11.oroasingJ,y Ie
'time to Kunstschutz. Irl Jan.ua.ry '1945. hoand ZOEEllJ moved to li1.ASANO and ,10
with the German L.lm~nssy.. FromSeptomber the BERGAlvIO .Offi6c :was entrusted' ,';
to REImfEIST.ER.pl'.'of. BRUHNStQok"up.rcsidenoc in MERJ·l.NO and assis . ..
�Reprodueed fF~m the holdings of
.' 'the Gallery Af(\hives,
National G~II~ry Qf Art.
..' A 'n~W':'J~rui t
.
a.We~~e'
f BRlUmSC1:tli/EIQ.,'IIho vias
~:i,on., Inehe'la;3 t. tnree :weeks.
..
'. Albertil1D. in vn.lml{A was' enf1\ged to
't~e deposits.'
\ . , ...
"AOTIVIT lES.
The fall owing are the main i terns:
!!:... De·-mi1itarisation. of VENICE and tho creation of a large
del)O~it,
for objeots from tho whole area of N.E. Italy (I-L~m!l.1ANN and ._._.,...._:.,._
BROCKHAUS)
o. ldtempts at the dem:iJ.itar'isation of ~th6r northern tm'n1s: ~.AbUAi
RAV~TNA, VF..RQNA" BOLOGNA etc. (HAG]]%,1ANN)
'. . ,'.,
'
'.
.
,."
.
Tr a .1Sport of GO~mOlT O;:1AIG Tlfeatrical Arohives fi'om VEitONA to BAD .
. AUSSJ.!lli:. This was oarricd'out by ZOBEL' between September 7th -;"
11 th" 191+11- ori. orders from the Conrnander (Dr. 'iJ5IGLE). of the .. ' ,',
Sicherheitspolizci und au at Vi'1RON'A. It is stated that this "
Archive, which had corne fr@ffi FLO:aENCJ5, was the personal property
of HITLER. No expla:na tioncoq,ld be given of how or whon· the
Flllirer came into possession of .it. L;OBEL handed it over,on
Septcmber 9th to: ~
.
.Dr. REThlER
Dr. SEIBlmL
Grtlfin· HOYOS .
.ALT-AUSSE.l~
a ttho
.
!.
sal t-min.6.
.
Tlw German Ambassador to t he VATICAN was. asked on SeptanbcI' 18th
to iafol"m the Pa.pal authorities of' the now location of thc
works removed from FOGGIO A OArANO. (No mention . .vas rna'de 91'
S. LmNAR.DO)
.
.
.
.
I
FURTIiER IlE'rAJLSABOUT TEE nr~rosITs TIl ALTO ADIGE!. Tho worricsof
Kunstschutz WON by no m.eans over .wheneverything had bOtln tr'a.ns'pcrtcd to'
the two .deposits. For, ,on the / . the
one hand;
Italian Fasoist . Government .•..
.
continucd to olamour for the return. of tho works of art· to :Italian cont~ol",
or nt best £;01' pormission for a visit of insl?ec~i9n by Saine Italian"
SupcrintendOn1;s,and,onth(j'o'tho~·ha.na., thciyv/0!'C . a~cusod of 'loct:ing~'m
broadcasts on the 'Allied and BonollJ.i;..Italian radio. 'he cffc.'Ct of thesci
cnmpaig):{s scriousJvr' aJ.o.riricd tho honest personnc:1 working :-with und for .'." .
Kunstschutz - suchas Iieya.onreich, Lehmrum.....Brookhaus, Hagcmo.nn" Ringler"
Bruhns and Lung - and oven LhNGSIXlRFFlIshowed coneom for having the stuff,
catalOGued ~nd cxumincd by exports. :J.:hus , during thu latwr part of
~optelllber K~UH1::rS and RIHGLEil checked the MqNTAGHiiJ:TA collection against lis
, providiitl by tho I talian.s and found tho. t:
,
Hi'11:l,cturos figured on
rOllV'l list fl1D.do by 362 Inf. Div •
.' viere no'\; mentioned on the Itc,lian list.
J?..
22 pictures. and 5. frescoes listed by
the
r'-tD.::'ians wore
,-P-f'",,,",,,,,,
pictures, '!" t)D.ol~ed.onl.y: .'
somo daril.age" ,cspe"",·,.,·.......,,r.
by Sigr¥JrQ:J.l:i::
.
:,
,
it.
~
.~
�dUC~d from the ~oldirigsti
Reprothe Gallery Archives.
National Gallery of Art.
.\ ,
gave il1.Stl'uotions that the piotures sl~u1d
23rd, all ~i'a.eI1sfro'm Gelieral WOLFF, \:made an applioation to
'HOFER for'tM BERLnt picture restorer' Franz YrnIDSCHMITT to'
be allowed into the terri tory to oarry out the neoessary restoration'
work. BRUIINS, RUraLER' and HEYDE:NIUUCH were all opposed to this move
w:lless, an Italian superintendent was also present, but LANGSOORFF ..............
,tha t it was the vl;i.sh of himSelf and the General.
be
Q
On October 11 th REIDEMl!lISTER arrived at CAMPO TUBES .with a further
,7 oases of works of art fl 0m Florentine muselUnS which he had, t8.lccn over
1
in Vrm,ONA.
But thu ItlS.in aotivi ty of the Kunstschutz Was self-jus Jdfica tio~ by: ....
,
~_
Tryine to 1?D.city the Ito.lio.ns with words
E,- Combo.tdng the.: charge of art-looting (ICunstraub) in the Allied
press and radio.
Thuy draYI 0. considerable degree of comfort from a broadcus t by Sir
KOl1l1.eth CLA.:aK, directly aftel' his return from Paris on Octobor 3rd,
who dealt censoriously with tho vast amount of d.aInage done by the m;ilitary
forcos of the .tUlios to famous 'buildings :in P.AJ)UA, :a.nrnu, IvlILAN, ROUEN
, and CAEN ~,j1d stated (innecuratoly) that, contrary to ::,.11 rumours, tho
Germ,.'1J1S rod not rOiil0V0d a singll;). work of art from the Louvre or' from arJy
othor French ~)rovincL\l r,1Useum. rrranslations of this speech WOl'e sent
to all German of'ftc(;s COlll.1.oeted Witil the; Fine Arts, references to it ap
peo.rcd in both the German and Ite:.lian press and Kunstschutz felt it had ,
been vindicated by the encnw_ Then on October 15th theYpE;rsu.o.ded
Minister BIGCrnn to broadcast on litho loyal co-opcration of the Gcrnan
Fine .~~rts D.utho:dties in the prot8ction of Itnlian works of :.'\.rt, II 'al'ld
on October 17th 1.i~NGSDO:RFF held e. big Prc~s Confc,rerlC0 in :Mn.u~i. ..:\t this
stngo Iblian t:~otios chn.nged o.nd Jehoy bCGan to tell LJ:I1TGSOORFF th..'l.t if
.
,there V;Jns no truth in tho aeousn:bions of tho<.:ncnw and if the ,Gcrri'lD.ns
really had. no uJ..'Gcrior rootives, then there was 110 reason 'iibyhe should not
provicle lists of the works of art inGermo.n lulnds and 0.1101'1 Itali:u'l.
sUPQl'intondonts to visit the deposits. L.ANGSlXlRFF, promised to, try nnd
o.1'ro.ngo this.
Pressurc next oume from the German aide: HEYDENREICH and Consul ~/OLF
(fo1'mc:d.y of FLORENCr~) evolved D. 1?1D.h which Vial3 corrnnunieated at the end.
of Ootober; to 1.iWGSDORFF. This onvisQ.gcds·
(1) 1~ specio.l Order from tho Ff.U.1.r~r D.l'UlO1ll1cing trot the works of art
l'emoved by the Kunstsohut,z "are ooing held in trust for the
Italian nation" and 'plaoing the full rcs1?Onsibility for their
nUtil1tel'l.DJ'.l.Oo and seourity on~u:n..s.tso.h.utz alone.
(2) ~he' irnmodiate handing over to thc Italizms of tho full lists of'
, the 'Wor1-:3 stored at, C.iJllPO TURES o,nd S, LBON.A.aDO.; Theso' hnd boon'
ready nnd inI.u\.NGSDClRFJ!':' s ,hand.'3 for several weeks.
'"
,
'.
Ifulo~rman turon of ~t experts.
_ N;:uncs 1'ropos-.:d wore: Prof_ "iNTI,Prof_ P~~CCIIIONI (j,tIIJ'J'i), Prof.
MOlt"~S3I and, an Italian; restorer; kJfGSDO:curF, ,IlliIDEMEISTER,
RIiTGLiR. ~~lld' nRUHNS. ' ,
'
,
(3) A visit of inspection by
an
(4) Tho setting up of EU1 nddi tiona.lsupervisory
'body of the loa.ding
GOrHk.'l.n ~\rt ~erts ,to be responsible for the protection and.
preservation .of the Italian eollection.s. 'Nrunes proposod wero:
w 15
-
CONFIIEN'TlilL
.,', '.
�Prof. Dr. VOSS,-,: Dir9ctor of ,t~lO,
,. ,
Dr, Curt OERTEL- ~\ss,istruit to VOSS.' ,"
"
'. "
• "
'Prof. Dr. Jii.F. BANGE' -Director
the Sculpturcsbbtion::iJ1\
. " ?russian Sta't.e Collections
Dr. RLfGLER
Dr. Leo BRUHNS
Prof. Dr. ID.roll!lmEIOH
or
r"
:To
,
this 18tter 'kiliGSDORFF did not reply. On November 8th PET".tWZIELID
,'Director General of Fine Arts undor thci Bonohn. Govt., broadcast 0l,1 the.
Germo.n "Kunf':itra~b" und LA.i\{GSDoRFF, viho plamlCd to reply~' was told'by
the Gerl11c..'l.n Ambassador, to ignore' i t~ On November 13th,' HI!YDENIDUcH
.
wrote to L'JfGSOORFFugain urr;ing action. This time he got a cold answer'
Baying that Gc.uleiter HOFER would not allow Ita.liL'.!lvisitors, thD.t tho :
F!llircr and General, WOLFF alamo would ,decide thc fate of the v/orks of
art und L!skiUg why Ifr."'YDENRCICH was showing so much intercst in the
Itl,lio.ns.
On Novembor 28,th, tl.fter threc months' delay" .ANTI was allowed as Ii.:,
special fnvour to inspoct both ~hc dQ~X)sits accompanied by L.ANGSDORFF.
He expressend hirnselfas gel1Gro.lly satisfied with their conditiollo.nd
, with thc security preco.utions, but requested that in view of the dD.r(la,ge'
:.' Vlhich had nlrc:ady occurred CD.S0S should b0 l)1D.OO, for those pictures 'whiCh
were loose. On this ocoosion ~J\rTI \'las h..'U1.ded ono list, the catalogue '
of ';;ho Harks taken fl'om hlONTlI.GU.ANA, but u· sp,;cial 'copy was prepared in
which: '
,
.
.
a. ,the n..<mc of tho de~')oSi t did nOt, figure;
:§:. tho ntmes of the ccmpilers ",ndth0 dll te (October '4th) wero omitted;
o. t;le t1'JO CrD.l1;:l.Chs "AdC'JIl". ~lnd "bv-e" W01'O 'shownns ord:i..nary numbered
(;ntrios ins'cond of being on :J. sopn.rate sheot as in the copy"
:~::i.V(jn {;oGcnero.1 \{OLFF.
-
A simihtr ::'Jllcndod copy had bQen given to the DUcr; two dc.ys previously. In
his official 1'8)01'C 'L..:J~G31X)ilFF' sa;ys: "Naturally, no Jl'l,(:ntio,n wo.s,lUade of,
tho l~.,:i. (PIl'ttiLLY) collectionll • ~·I.nd~ h::td i t been ,poss,iblQto segregate the
COIT'rna .colrection,. this, would no t ho.ve boenmC11tioned oither.·. . ,', .' '.',
'
On DeC0mbol" 10th~ G:':i.uleiter HOFER tclevhonod from nn:rSBRUCK to Dr.
,"
RJIfGLER to nnnounceth0 visit to BOLZANO of representatiVes of the iFt5hreJ:' t s
Doputy, Roiohsleitcr BORMANN. They were' to b0 shovm the~eposits of'
,':
works of art. On Dea. 12th they arrived.' $d REI:DElvIEISTER VluS scnt by
General V/OLFF to accomp9,I\Y, thum., Owing to bo.d VIea ther J ,
......,.,.·..,..,..·r:n.rI"...
only arrived wry ,lute and so they v.Qre :baken by RINGLER to
. The n:.uncs of the visitors were.:-
.
I
c."".,."T")
.
'
,
'
Min. Div. Dr~ von HUMMEL (Reich Ch£l.ilOcllcr,y)
Prof. RUPPRECHT (Di.rector of Armo~, VInrN..\)
-'Berr BRB-SCHWYLER (Munich art dealcIl)
.
, , 1>. fcurth unknown~
".t.-
., ',', ,
,.
No explanation of this visit was given, but aocording'to Gencrai \fOLFF;~,iit\.
was about this time that he reeoivedan order from HIM1:LI:R to moVe the '
contents of boi:;h tho dci~its to ":.LT AU~~ ,'one of the biagest art
'
dQPositsin £!ST:3.IA, to hioh loot frOm other co~tries red been ta.kon.
WOLFF1<eplied th':-.l.t 110. wo.:s ,Ul1D.blc t9 do this, owing to luck of MT 'and ",
On ar...othcr occasion. Go:61eitcr HOFl::""'/. .demanded that throe or four.of t}:l:c:.
(said to be ·by Au~tri()J:t,: aI;tists)b6)wndcd over ,to "h1m us recompense' ,
lowing tho deposits '1;0: be' .in his-uerritory.· Thisdorrrind tocw~s.:rcja'o "
by Goncral ·~fOLFF. But, fOp'.sOTll<J .reason LU1.e:Xplained.1 '';OLFF' docid?,a,., toot ~,
spcoial' albt1l1i' of pi,16'Gogro.phs of tho. .
. s ,hcha:d "rescued" . s~1.Ould,,:ge;"':
prepared fcr pr
ta.
't6thc
nhisbir~hdD3 (Al)r
20t,h)
�Reproduced from the holdinge of
th~ Ga.Jlery Archives
NatIonal Gallery of Art.
\1945,'
,
"
..
Acooi'dil1L;ly,'
al'idayoung 1ad;y..'
. tl'om,iOLFF' s
.
.FrI. J:IOtZ,were, clespa.tohe.d ,to C.¥!PO .
·'s. LP::Ol:L4.:a~O to photog.caph
th.ey c6ul~~ . T'ney oalled on
. n,d asked for a better' camera '- they' only had a Contax .. but were
.
'They too acted in a .m.ost irresponsible and. high-handed man."1er. Th.ey· .
. JOOst, of the cases, took .the pictures out or their. f1'aIneS and pho ·mOjl·,.;onnR'
them out-of-doors in the snmi•. anIGL:!m, who paid a surprise visit
2nd and found both the'''Dorulli Yelata:t·.and 8,::Renibra.ndt in this condi . . """'oI.u••,>:.
irrmeuiately wrote a strong letter of protest to LANCSOORFF, but re~e?-,\ .'
a, rather cold answer: "General WOLFF says you should be told toot the" <,,:,
legal situation - and it Was emphasised again during the Genera1 1 s reoent·,
visit to the Ftlhror - is as .follows: the responsibility for the Itali~ ,
works of art rcmov<?,d on orders from higQ.er authority is ontirelJ' that.,o;f .
General \{oLFF,; who considers hiniaelf in the position of trustee for ~:';:.
Italian ro tion of those tvvo depo'sits~ You arC loc~1J.y responsible fo17 .'
th(;il' m::W1'~enance to the Chief 'Conmissar of.ALFrl'NORLAND (HOFER)," in ...
·
territory they aru situat~d". SO .. the phOtogra.:?lling cont.:lnt.ied',' but 'v:n' .....ua... ·'·.'.::··,·,
to inadeCll1':1to apparatus and the progress of the. Y/ar .came to noUght. . "".'TlA·"~
""WOJ..iFF t h01acv0r, oould not explall,'lwh.y this album 'vaS' .oems' pre rared: ~9r
the FUhrer.
'. . '.'
....
..' .' ' , '
L.JJUK.,.,
From January to April 1945 the Itnlib.ns· continued" to . Pl,'C 33 . (or •tho" ,'. :'.
lists of the other .collections D.spromisod by.WfGS:OORFF and for tho"
.. :
over of all' the collections. Tho. Italian .Am~dor,iJl BERLJN prott)ste(t,:· .
to RIBmrTROP~ Vlho promised to intervene wi tl1'J.~e'r; . the DUct: protes,tod" ':
to Gol1.ero.l ',rOLFI1'; it VJas .suggested that an It,sllinn Suporintendeht might. '.
live at oaoh of the doposits; the proposition 'wasrnade that, Witi1 tho:Lr "
own MTand petrol bought on the bluokrnnrket, thc Ita1i£lJl8 would move th.e
contents of S. LEQN.A:1TX) to SONDALO. and of C.lJ:lPO 'l"UIlliS to V~TIdE., But.it·
wns all of no o.vo.il :tl~eGci'~s roo8.1i.t to koop wh£\ t th(,'Y~d got. IndCed'
when the emU came Genoral \iOLFl"suppliod .L..\NGSDORFF with a 'demobi1isation...
oruer :1nQ a;,);)ointod hini. his ropresontativefor handing over the c'A.kPO TtJRl!:
dO'')osit not to 'Ghe Ito.lia:ns but to the Al1icd authorities. At the' sruno ..
til11e J.:;.,;r::i52rEIST:i::rt and BRUIINS Viore sont to S. LEONARDO for the sanlepurpooo..- ..
IQ1HS'rSCHl.rTZ - GZNERAL IJ::fFORM,\.TION .
.'
--~
FL07c]'mm BHmGGS.It ho.sooenrclio.bl,y· sto.tcd that thl;ldeoision to .
'blow all '1;11:0 hridges of :fLOmmCE with the excoption of tho Ponte Veochio
was, ta1;:0n t\.t a meeting between HITI;r'~. GO;!JIRTIIG jjl~Q lQi;a sj1!I.RIN'G· (Sour90 '~.' ..
Ob~o accorirpanicd/KESmm:..nnfG•.
VEROl'UI. BRiroES~ A last minutq o~dcr .~t. to blow' up th.. two. historio
bridgos' of ·Vl'1RO:N.A. v.ns issued from KESSElRING's HQ., ·.l)ut owing to. somo
mistakc all units wero not inforIOOd ruidthe .order .to b10YI them was given
by cOl. Iv'10SJ.'JR, Gcl'll'lM.
'Commander.
Oiv,
J,ir-~smG ·PICTUHES. The fo1;Lowiri8; piotures which WOrD stored by. tho
Ituliu113 at MONTAGNiU'iA have not boon found ariy ...·..hero:
BnOlTZTI.ro .
. Deposit'iop, of Christ (Uffizi No. 155L).)
POLLli.IUOLO
Labours of Horoules (2 panels) (Uffizi No. 1478)
LOJ.l":NZO DI C :.EDI Sv1f...P ortrait (Uffizi No. 2185)
..
OOUillNICO ~TI
Parable of the Vine (Pitti No. 26)
. ViJJ HlTYSUM
Flowers and ~t (l?itti No. 462)
SiJN~·~TOR R03.:i.
,Seo.scape (PH ti No. 1325)
VOLTER.R:1l'TO
St. Catherine of Siena (PittiNo'; 1518)
ALESSAlfD110 l~LORI yonusand AClonis (Pit ti No. 6266) '.
.. ,
FLO;;{Ei\j"rnm SCHOOL Agol1;Y in tho Go.rdcn(Pitti No. 385)
,
'
,
'
.
Those works of art o.lJ:'eo.d.V rO;:)Qrte:d as missing from tho MOI:lT:GC.liSS:rnO
(15 cCLses) .luwu still :not beonf,Ound. It is thorefore essentio.l to
CJ.uestion the :;1onior offioers.of:bhc
'Goering Division,.'
.
/:
.
.
�"fJprt>duced fraln the holdings fit
the Gallery Archives,
National Gallery of Art.
\
\
KUJSiSTSCHUTZ A..tC.HIVJ~S. f:.. la;('ge quantity of ' Kunstschutz docUments; ,'.
.,.. """",,,,niL\Uy tho'photoBr~~~phic archive, has h:Jcn deposited in <:\ villD:,·uVJ'-I.,IJ..I.i',.J.
. Frhr..JVon BISSllrc. at OBERAUDJRF' am nm (Buvaria).
-VI'" •
A slJecinl team of a.rt historians Ylo.S o.ttaohcd to IC of "
"'frnw Group for tho. c;llootion of. cncl1\Y Yleo.pons for the German: Arruy Museums.:'
,1'h080 men md 0. pr~vo.te lorry Ylhichwo.s frequently lent to Kunstsehutz.
.
It i~ pos::dbleth,D.t, they roy also havo acquired some old can.nons or wco:POruJ···(
in Itoly. The, mimes are: , _ .
, ,W',
. . ' :illJiY imS;mf.
M.ijor'Prof~' Wilhelm
KA.ESTNER
SDF (Z) Dr" Peter 111.1M·
.
.
SDF. (Z) Dr. Frhr~ von RErrZENSTEllf
Gfr 0 Dr.
Jal1 LAUTSo
,'.'\
.Lhcpc!'sonl1,cJ.· of tho Kunsi~schutz was ,v.::.:ry mixed. The direoting porsol'U1cl
J.l.Y'.I!2.S, LlJ'fGSOORFF and .R1!JIDEJ:,ii5ISrrJl!R - knew nothing of Ita.ly, its art, its'
la.nguar:c o~~ its ,people. EvrJ{S lSi,.m Eg:,rptologist ,who has subsequently
spocilllised onRU13ENS; k~HGSDORFF 'is L\ &''bylonian arohaooloci..st; REII:lEMEISTER'
is an oricntalist. They wero, hovlov0r, eleve'r enol.l@1 to make use of reputablo'
CkJrlJ1an scholars, spccialists on Rom::tn or Italinn, art and hi~r~ory, 'who know
'
Italy well and wcroruspceted by the Italinns~ 'rh(; staff therc::f1orc falls ..
into tvw distinct grbui?S"
2.
Much va'.ua'blc prOtoctive' y~orlc VlD.S doubtloss carried out by Kunstschutz
f.\s regards spooific.:: builings or.:i.rmilovri.blo worl:s of art like freseoos.
This was '-\ sinoere und.crto.king.
i
:'
3.
It is probable the\ t [t fCbst v81uo.ble photographio rcfc11c.;nee library was
aCGLllJ1L'luted and will bo found o.t OBEJAUDORF D./LT.i'To
!~
The SS clulin of cOlllllland is unmistakcabJ.o: nThIMLER - GOneral ',[OLFF
LANGSDORFF •
The sitUtJ.tiW'l is problll::il.Y well described in the ~omment of LEHWu:-m-, •.......
IGOC;CH.AUS, '.Iho 'aid that" he alwDiYs thought of L1J:fGS:J:lQRFFns tla man with 0.
divided soul, one half SS and tho other half genuinely in 1~linstschu:tz,,~'.', .
5.
. ..
.
.
.
6.
The rurnoyal of the two Orn.l1.D,chsJris a. olear oase of ,attempted-looting
,
by IJJ{GSDORFF and 0. Gorman unit.
his is proved by the receipt Ylhioh
LANGSDORFF signed and expJ..D.ins his, cquivcica~ion with the IWiru,1So
' ..
LANGSDORFF and llPenerc.l WOLFF must both 'bo ,hold ros~1Onoible for the
seizing of und damago to tho oollootiol1.B from the Tusc"ulY doposi tso In
deoiding tho rlogr,ee of evil intention which must baascribud to them oric
must bear in mil1.d the following faotors:
7.
E:,.
The l'omovals wero cp.rried out in defianoe of known Italian wishes
and plCU1s.
1?.
The colh;ctiol1.s woro plaood in n.l1. area not diroctly controlled by
dthor Gen•.\iOLFF or the Kunstsohutz and which, though I),Ot of
fici~lly ooded by Itnly, \Vila alroc.Cly virtually p:wt of the Reich..
futh tho dopo sits ,vcre ill the. inmudintc vicinity of· tho B:L1lJHlmR.
. PASS and, hUd IITID~ provided the ncccssnry'MT, General ·v{OLIi'F ,
,
would h::lVO boen pC),l'lurloss to ,pl'ev~nt thoir tral1Sfer acro.ss the .AIJ?S~,
'lhe
I t<:'.lians \i'OrG not o.llowod access to the del.)Qsits 'nor worethoy -, ','
givon proper lists ~f the 'Work;s "in ,Gcrtno.n possession. ~INTI 'was
.' . '
still c.sking. fo,:. 'tho rcrnn;il1der of, the lists in April 1945•
.
-------
--------------------
,,".;,-."
.
�Repracluee\11rom the holdings of
, . the Gallery Archives,
National Gallery of Art.
t-;'10
Crrulnahs._.....~,. _w_.. .
.'of tho.Tusoan d01?osits.
..
Tho Gcrmtll1B h:wo offered ·thr<.:e diffc.:rcnt justifiae.tiona of thdl.- .
notion, n:.moly:
-
n..
'l'lJi.. t th\.: 'narks of art wore in do.ngor of destruotion bybombinil
8h011-fi1'o in tho de!,)osi ts.
That tho m:Lstcr-l?ioces of Ito.1inn a.rt h::ld to bo :?!'otoatcd from
. . seizure by t ho ,,\nC;lo-~':.morioD.l'1 bnrbul'inns. Ctncideritally they
tho sto:cy tho.t British und illTl.eric.:l.n art dca10rs hnd b:.::un
brought to Italy to "ucquire" what thoy could.) .
.
£. Tr.... thqy v/(;rd ~rcscrving thomasterpieoos both fOl' Itl..t 1y o.nd for
"..t
,
tho world.
hoso stories arc scarcely roconoilab1e with D.l1Y
.
of thl.! fo.ots,o.nd if (b) ",'/01'0 truo ono r!lust nsk -~/h;y in the end .
it vias to those su.meli.nglo;".!\merican bar'bnrians thn..t the deposit,s.'
'1,/01'0 hnnood over.
'.'
.' "~";; .
.'1'h0 l'omovals of. tho FllUULY, CONTINI and BOU-.t\OON-PJi.HM.i~ colloctionsll.Pl'>ear'
a.1so~0
havo b0i.;n oases of· looting by . REIDEMJ~ISTER. o,nd individ\Ul.1 Gormm
LUlits, but tho dis',;xnla.1 of them was firmly controlled by General WOLFF.
?,I:IDlJ.:;IST]i8, ,las fully aViare
respollsib10 as'
11.
D.
ofL.'J'1'G,SDOR1~Ft
williJ:i['; accomplioe.
s intentions und is therefore
.
Tho losses from the J\i()}f'.r~~c.\Ssn{O Coilsigruncnt occurr0d nlmost before -the'.
KU113tschutz -'ID.S prol')fJl'1y constituted; .but to tho CAtcnt :t;h:lt :GV.JRS took no'; '.
::lteps oither a. t tho tim!; or subsoqul3nt1;y to chock whether D.l1ythillG was
missing ht.; uust biJ h(.::ld to' have b(;(;n culp::.\bly nor;l.igont.
..
12.
That of:~'orts should b0 ma.do uI'[3;0nt1y to
fciIlovlil1lS p,)r sons:-
tl18.CO
for intel'rogo. tiol1 tho
Lt. scm:IBrl.'::(,T· of thc Gorma.n FOl'0ign Offioe
.
Mi:',jor OGi,OFF
HI)tlIDl j~CImRT-1illLLI:R
Dr. ,!TGLE
Min.• Div. Dr~ VOil BIJ.MtCL
PI' 0 f. mJPP.tCXJHT
Dr .::rr: n,1ER
001. MOSI:R
Lt.Co1. DOB~lOWSKI
Lt.Col. SCfffiEGEL
Col. BtUTM.tilffi of the SS
Gunora1 GID~:O:lER of 362 In.f. Div.
Tho ro1evant docLUnents will be issuodla.tcr in translation as on .I....ppend:l.:lC·· '.
Jv¥,
Gi1;},
It..
DOUr:;u~S OOOPER
.
.
Wing-G01l1l11anoor, RfJf,
l..jDiroctor MFi..... Branoh,
. 00 for GuI'IllE.U'\Y. (B. E.)
{!....
.
'....
. .
C.
{I
f. .' I (,l:.';, 1.
l~ . ~_. u
r.::a.N2ST T. DE ·if./;'J.iD
Lt.-Col., Speo.Res.,
DirootoS' 1Ifl!1".... Subcol'1u'ilission,'"
- 19
Allied
C'()IiC%ni.ooior.
"
'.
..
: ' ;-\,
t,', .
�'.
Reproduced from the ha\dfng§§i j
the Gallery Archivas,
.
National Gallery Qf Art.
'
•. ,
"
~,1
"1 - Ohief Gominis sioner
.
.
.
.,
~.
.'
,
.
.
..
,,>:{
:"'"
,,
.
1 - Ex.oQutive Oon~nli~;::;:i.oner
1 - VP, OA
,
Sect~on
5- G-5, AFHQ (1 for transmission to ,Roberts Oommission)
1 ~ Petitical Adviser (A)
1 - Politioal Adviser (B)
3 - RC, VJ'lEZIE ReGion (2 for ·MFAA
1 -:1.C, LOJ.;iBAiIDIA Region
(1!FAA
Of'fioer~)
Of1ioer)
1 - RO, LIGU:iUA ,ReGion (MFAAQffioer)
1 , -RO, PIii:hION'l".::: ReGion' d;lF.Ab.: Offioer)
,
.
~
.
1 .:;;. RC, EtilLIARegi6n (MFAA
2 - SCAO, AMG
Offi~er) .'
5 J.\rrny ( 1 fer :MF.AA Offioer)
1 - Lt. F. Hartt,
F.LO::t.BNC~J
CIT:{ Command
1 - Public R(Jola tions Branoh
2 - ~~C, Austria (attentionif/Cmdr Goodison)
,
,
20 Con'l;:':Cil Cor::U;lic3Siol1 :~'or G(:;rmal\y, via W/Cmdr Cooper (here
i
ineluded
8.1'0
copies for War Office, C.A. 20(b), MaOm:Lllan
Com,lission, OSS (London 1l.RT Desk),. DGl-::R }FrqnOh, US"
Group CC).
'~
,
,
,.,
.
,
,
.. 20' ...
CONF IDill:ITlAL
.,'.
'.
�", ,","
.
.'t'
.
.
'."
, 1:[. V.Abt. Chef,Prof. Dr., Alexander, Head of KLU1stsohutz in Italy ..
LAHC'"sooRFF
SS man; with rank ofColonei~;."
ll. v .[{~ Prof. Dr.
Rans~rhard
Aoting head of
Kun:Jtschutz'No~~;
"
. 19LI-3 - Fob. 1944 before LANGS'OORFF " .
.EVERS
wi th rank of Major.
,
, 'Hptron:. ZOBEL •.
Administra tive offioer,;
. 9f LANCSDJRFF.
.
M.V.R. Prof.' Dl~. Ludwig
Joined May 1941+; with rank of Major.'
REDEMEISTER "
as man
from GermElll Foreign ~Qff'ioe:;',
aotive unofficially Sept'.' 1943 .. ,
'Feb. 19L..4. Aged about 27, a.
'professional art...his~cirian.
Lt. SCHillI13mT',
.
Sonderfl1hrer (K) Dr.· Wolfang
HAGEMANN'
r;'
:
SonderfUhrer ,(Z), Dr. Hans. "werner'
SCHMIJ.J1I
.
•• "
•
~
'. .' , '
J,
;, ",,~ ~
Member of Ie (Intell.) staff a t1fQ'~
J\rfI\Y Group South':~{est. Was
charged with 'Kunstschutzprob1~"
..' and art liaison betw0o;n Arrrw' and., :
·:Mil. Gov.
' '"
Joined Sept. 1944j'omployod as
photographer.
'Gcfr. Dr. Otto LEln.rJ\.NN-mWCn<Ji!~us, Joined July 1941f., responsible fOr,'
Vl::i:TIC"i: area and Kunstsohutz
'
liaison with Nco";'Fascist, GOvt.'
I
(b) Civilian
Joined jan~ 19411,;
Dr. GOttfried IANG
Prof. Dr.
Ludwig~ICI1
Dr. Herbert
~
'.. ',:.1,
.. '
Joined Nov. '19 1f.3; originaUy":41
charge in FLORENCC; lat~r in Ju.;,..un.lL',!
,Mainly responsiblo for ,ph.oto':Q1"sattu:
" a'rohivc.
. ,"
,,'
"
sm:amNHtlNE;it
'
'J6ihuc1 Nov. 1943; activo in'
. oonstructional vlork VD. th ,and
','through TOIY.C Orgru1.isat;iol1
.. : "
li,ctive intermHtcn~ from:MaY'
, vi sit ing villa.s' ~t c. and' oa. taJ.
ing pictures in Jill£Q AUIGE, _.,,"""'...........
Prof. Leo BRUHNS
.
Prof. Dr. Friodr'ic BOCK
~
,
Active May-July,1944c'ls
archival advisor.
- 21
CONFIDENTIiIi:i
;
.!
.. '.
'.
�,
..
Reproduced from the holdings @f
the Gallery Archives,
..Nat~OlJal Gallery Qf,Ag-,
,:, >'.
,'/ Genorul Curl \iOLFF
HBohster 88 u.Polizcifllliror
. ' 24/7/Lf.4 BCve G<:nor~l of W..il. Gov.
,
" officor j'respOl1sible :ror remDvals from: ,'.' '
deposi ts to LLTO iillIGE.
.
"
In Comm,nd of 362 I11f: Diy, 'Wns' rQs~l1Bible '
rClIDvnl from MOO:Til.C:irlll:i1~ and cOMcc,fud with
those from POC't;.IO ~'~ Cb.lANO, poDEIlli Dr
\
eta.
'
lJ)C to ,G<;mcral CillilNER;
~ont
to REDXB)rEISTER
military aide durine rornDvals from POGGIO A', '
GAIlINO, POnGRJ~ DI TRlf'I1ll'lO, etc. '
,
Oberst KRttGER
Co:rnrrandcr of Inf. Regt. 71 (mot.); rcsp'O £tj.LIU....'"
far roturn of OLIV):TO dOQosit to FLORImCEI .' , ,"
oonneoted with the o.ttempted thcftof the.
Cranachs ".Adaml! and tl1voll. '
,
,
FLOI::rn:NCE CITY Corrn-naridor.
.
.
Offioor in charge of consignment
whon brought to FLORillNCE.
"
Col. von HOFFMA.1:-IN
Seuth-West; lIAG:ElhiANN t s
Lt. Col. ZOLLDfG
Ie
ru~BN
wrrnan Ambassador to Italy.
Consul 'iIOLF
Gcrrnan cc:.tlaul in
HQ. A:cIT\Y
superior.
0. t
Gl'OUp
F:):.O~~crr~ till 191.141 thvn,in
MILAN. Gave much assistanoe, te tho KUl'lstsClhu
Vory populur' with It; :lian uutool'i tios~' ..'
I
I
\ Gauloitel' Franz HdFE:R
.
~
Gauleiter of Gau 'NORD TYROL; Ooorstcr Kol1lllli
of VORtiliPENLf-l,ND.
\
I Dr.
Josef :iJlTGI.Lr:R
Dr.
hI1l!L
I' "Ellen Ht...," .
:Gauleiter Iu\rNEtR.,
Assisto.ntto, R:Q'TGillIi.
I
\
..
'.
\pr. FRODL
, I
• .•• I.'
,~
•
Gauleitel' of CARm'rHIA and 0berster Y..omriusoor
; of~ZIA GIl:LIll.etc •
Fine Art s Supa r.itit¢:l:lden~ Ul'l.dol:' RAINER.
"
,Dr. Erika. HiOO'STAEN'GL
. )fa.jor ~TH"
.
I,:
In ohargo ofSSstoros at :MERb,NO; sent <;,olleOt '
for WOLFF up to ati.STLE OORNSBERG•
- 22
CONFmmNTIiI..L
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Davidson, Joel (Doc from National Gallery of Art)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 109
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-davidson-joel-doc-from-national-gallery-of-art
956181
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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/19613c937a6c8f5b278bb19dc63cdb79.pdf
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2~;"Pfty:~~ntr,;of\(}c~a,~nx~)j,,{tU;tP9~~i~~,(1)),y, '1tlIis:it.~tl~k,~nd; ,;!;,( ~ ,),·t thEV:
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2? _;plaking:,C}i: r~tllrn~, i{t ~1 tl,:lQdilNU-?y :t:m~Ilgrn,e,1l.~~: lt~HJ4~ 1;rrading:<
;
241 <With; th~ ~ll~:rPy: [{\9t:r!m1Qc. bJ~:- titl~) Jlvo.t.:th"e,,-: ~9r14IjW~' Il~
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faction! of ialHfuthOfizeu lclAiifis'of1ontfsucnJbategoiypaU such':
2;
'filrids: shan ,"Be; :aevote'd
ii, tlrei1;;'&nth;~ty •to; ~h~' 'paYrri~n~ of
.( 'auth6riz~tc~~im~ioftHe''Otner'1stlch
5
,'''( c)
category.
Ail :fuHi:1s diJb~irs~JJ plWsnant'to; \fii's:sectioh:shali~'
7' . cates iss'ueddby ·tl1'({C'ofufui'ssion;'w" \;
8. '
' •"S'EC: '203'.
'>,.i"j, (. t~il r'
Thef'(Jonirnisslon''is:3 lith oriiedan\d~'~1irecte(:t'
9 . to' ~eceive ,and;~toi.'jdeterlliinJ l.ticcorai~g'!,tor;th~;,pr6visi6hs' of;
lO';,tliis:' title; th~i ~valMitY· a:iIa'J:pi;ihbip'al :firtioun~ Qf:'Claifus :fbr;~ r
11/ .'
' ,u:( ar>ph'§siCaJidanYi'geItb'Pdf l;hy~icai n)ssi.oi,Ideist'fii'eiio~~ ~
12"of'''property: %.ica:t{fd iW:;A!loaili~F Nti~trii(i. Gzech~§lovikia;c f
13 ":Gerinany, ';Gr~eoe, 'Japfut,:.J:'(e±6epf: fot;JtlfOse'ir'c18ims;~c;for;l:
14 ". whiyh' profision} is ·ili'ad,e'nYi ihe\' tteatjoVpeace' :With :;Tapah) f r
15~ 'Pol~nd,or:Yugo~Iaviial/::~hicli'bcctld'eandtifirig,1 th'elipenod1i
16!."'ibeginriihg'SeiJtemhe·ii~1T l1H3'9~ arrd''eridiiigjAtigu'~tLl':f;!1(945'f;:
ITas!'a'di~;~ct "~oit'sel:fu\eti~ejof\/rrlim~f;y lop'eratioii§i;;or~wa;r;
01: of't
18' "specHfl' >rrieksl~l~eSr dif~cH!d
'.ag:ainsf. p'i:'op(:':rtyl)dlil~tfg'j tlie'r:';vaf:
19 .:because1:df "f,he:\~ehEiiNyl}'ot~ :uRegetlJ;(hieiriy/"icliaf.il:ctet~ ;or ::ith&: ~
20
owner, which property wa~ owned, directly or indiie'ctly~: b?::'
21', 'the cla:inlRrttl ;8'i'lhktl:nle' :oPsttc1i'l'oss)Jd'a:fna:ge'/'or;: a~s'iruction~:::
22:' .The ,sale~; han~fer/bfJassilgnrii'Jht 'of !s'uch;;Pt6p~ptyJ 'siibseqrienf:~
23· '.' to 'su(~h:aarnNge;pI~;Bs;' fbi- ,a~8trii~tidh\; shalriiot'l Har:fahy' 'Clahij:;
24 \
(l,th~: h·arJsfei-bi:' ~'tb.ei'Wist( :\:dliipens3:ble!. )tii1a~1r ("this,; stif)secU;~
25'·! troll;;' ';jJcsh~cJi;
clitim?l{as:lw(J,D" ais~j·gri~d::for;"\i.iiib~: the:assigne~S
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3:
suose'ctioh~
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iJ(~'~":'~":\~
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'<'''thY Da'ffiage'Jto,i'()I:tli6ss ,or'
f.:l~.<'
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pesir.uction jof,L'ships or
4 :ship' cargo'esi!.idiredt'lYi;orl'Iihtlirectly 'owrte'd z;byi.'the ictrumarit
5 at>"the ti:rhe.'!slie;h~ ;dahlaiejJ! ;loss,'ot!,'{le-sttltction occurred;
6 which was a direct consequeiice>l@fomi:litary Lactio'rl;:'·hy Ger
7: 'manSf : or; 'Ja,pail': during ;:rth~::p:el~ioddb'~gl,f[niitgf September 1:,'
8;', 1.9'39,:" ·and· 'eriuirig:
9;:or' assignni~nt" of
Wug-u§t cli.f,j Ht945~
'. f.'The'·:)s~le,G';transfer~
arty 't§udn sh:rp; or.L'ship ') &atg6'c; .i~ubsequent
10 to such damage, loss, or destruction, shalirret:'baf":anyclairiiJ:
11 . ~othier:wise'c?c6trii,erisrebie' U:iiil~t~;tliisl:sub~e'ctioD.i~ \ tf such claim)
12 has been ~a.ssigneacif6ri v81We;;!tlYe·iasRlg.nee~sHalk:bet~ihe party:
13;1 entitled! ;to ;fil~~;(aec'lahli' ~.runder;, hhis!r§ti1i~~ctibh: '. No aware!:
14 shall he made under-this suibi~elGtion,Iin ;',fitvot :of!)afiy insuref'
15 i 61~ ]~~ih8il'h~fiTas dtHe·3~is~igh(;c. ~)i·l {)thef"':sllceesst>lU'ih!1interest
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W:.,
.. " '('c·}'1!Iossilb\· 'aEt.Iria:geron:;a;~chil1nuot~t:h:e ~d~atfit 6t}~ingury
1.8 " of. fl.ny·{per~l(iil
19
United Sf-lites,
:,#lto;Ghc'ihg
was
thei1;-1i{.t ci\\qliu~;:ifiationai}:E of; tli~l
injured or killed Hsbfl;[~;es(1~h6f~m.i'litarY'
20, 1l ctI()1t 'il))T!~(jJi'liriitiy1 orl J3iI5[n'Ui1t,ihg'! ~thel-p'~rio'dC(b~ginnin~~
21:
lSJpferrlher'; '1 ,L'~r939F and:Jendfng,1Dedenlb'er!;:;hl!f.(n194 i~
oi~;
221;:'foi' ilic'J]OSSL'GfPfb'r ·:'diimagel.tooihe) property} 6f;,anyrciviliah";
23 national of the Unitecl Atntes who.;was~\aopassenger;.:,orit;anY;:
2~ti 'veRsel \:img~gea tUi H6)~ifI\)~'N:~e; ···.nl; :the{ high;Ys~asOduring sucli~~
~5 'Iiei'itl'd, :. ,F~sfi.]fifig '3~s ;1' (}iH~et;; eh1iS~{luenC6i' ofi'lsllch.i:!fLctiOIl(
�i.
1 r,,' No 1 taw:ar,d~ f...m.der this sQ.bs:~9.ti;9n~l o~:J'tl~~ountro!.rJth:~r; ,q~atb
2 or disability of anyone person shall exceed $}O;0,QQ~H(j AI!
3: aWtlJ(d,'on ,ac(),Qu;:Q:t;;9f th~ ,{l~ath ,'of. (a;nY)'i:~twb:(per;&9?Hshall b~
.~:
.:made .0tllyV to IOfr··fQ.r ,tlI~.9b¢n~fit:(.0£f It.1;!~'if911Q}Yi,I\g~) p,~r.§.qnsl;
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$ .': l' ;''.lth,e,!d~ct!~sfjd~ PJl.e~4a1Jj:t9 tb~!?wi90W'~)1.F[l,1u§~~n49~.Aq the
1;1 :. ;.. J:~: ':,
')1' (3,r)o [G,hll(h,of:,fQJ~lU4r~th Q,~ijt4.~.:A~q~f!s~di' 1kW:'~51ua;lL
12~,:;, '••: '} is~res~) i,if!~th~r~:~i~i1AOl;Wid9.!Wi Qf; h,u,~bm~~~i@dl.f~1:'Jtf
1;3~) ,
1~;I'
(~&~J:j'.P:~f,e.nt$[':J(4.!,L~.qu~lil~~a1!~s)Uiif~)+t4~l!eir~~} n6I
~do}V,husQa:tld,r9~'iCbild:~';~ ,.;di
'.:-;hrd
~';'H;r(·i
,pi
ii,;d;;-; ,~f
l~:';kn' aw.alid·::QP-,80C90llntlof o!dis~bHi.ty:;;shaJl )b~rma~~J;.p;Q-ly to~ thief
16 person so disabled, or, in the eV~Iltf~Qf!ihi~r:,d:eat.~h.j!;t. ~;Q.iYntimel
17 :JiP:mO.1'J t" th~ rm~LgllgHoith
. l_!_ f ·,eit~Wt~... ,rf...t;) '" ~;:::.p,e.rs~:a~ .spec. eul
d t" th
.
ifi '.n
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18,·, paragrap h' nl\:1 n,:rOUgh '~f.?:; ),dO,): ',S
.(..4,,) . f thi
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~·)f!:<;'JJAfSEo~;r2@5.c~~(,aL(Nolia~ard~\~h.all h~ ·m~d,~Hp.ur:~~~t tb~
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25 . t"
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f{<nsec lOnn203:'< 'Wi! ·1r.~l:!P~C, t O",aIlJ. 0,f "e ;Q,,9.W1;Il.g"~ . ~~§~tS
I
I
I I
!
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�1 . property: Intangible.,. proP.erty,;' accolillts,. ;receiv.ahle ; bills
2 ,receiva:ble;records, files, pl!1ns,. dra:wIDgS,
3 . rency,
deeds"eyidence~"Qf,
d,ebt,
:01'
fOrmlJ.las; cur
(~ec~rities,rmQney,
or
bul~
4. lion; ful's, jewelry;. st!1mp~, ,;precious .and. semipreciQus stones;
5 works of art, . . aIltiques, :stamp' .andQQin Qollectlons; manu
6 scripts; books,an,d· plrinted'ipublipati()ns',more\ than fifty years
7 : old; models,
.s
curiositie$,o~jects; of,
historical. or ·scientific in
,terest;: and pleasure: ;wa~ercrHfh!ind !pJeasure ,aircraft, except
9 that awards may" be :made with respect do ,p:roperty of any
10 such class if suchripr9perty.cclllstituted, ,H' part. of the :IDventory;
11 snpplies, or,.equipme;nt:~or,earrying: Qn,H'.,trade: pr:business~
12
" (b) 'L'he:mn.onnt.pf allY .award.illa,de:1.i:nder. 1this title
13 shall be redneed~.hyt4e,_aggregate oiall a:monnts :the claim- ,
14 ant has received; or ,isA",entitled to receive,Jrom:.any other
15 source 011 I;lCeO\lllt,oi,the.loss!or losses, with,'respept.tp which
.:,'
,
16 ' the award.is.,made.,
17
,'.
"SEC. 206. No claims shall be allowed ',under this title
18 unless the claimant 'aild:aIL;predecessorsin jnterest were-'
19
" (a)· in ,the ,c.as~: :of,.a na:turnl person,_.one, who, on
20
the. date of,lQss,:;dama,ge, ,or. destmction,andcontinuQusly:
21
thereafter. until ,the date· iof ,filing -his ,Claim ·.with: the
22
Commission pursuant
23
, United :Statesj. ~d :'
24
"(.bJ:~i:rl.
the
II. R. 7222-".' -2
to this title,. was anational.of· the
,~,se. qf.
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a corp'oratiQn,:partnership,
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"a,ss6ciatiOri;:;uniticorp61~frfe~\.bo)dYj<:-)oi;:;;othe'r"{{mtity;,:
2'
,WHi'eD
3
' continuously: ;tl1ereaft~r~ tirttil':th'e,;;date' ioPpresentation
4
',of.' ',itsi,l clairn,:·wasf.: iii\cetpoFatedf;of<dther~1.ise '~organize~
5'
uitd'eiHthc' la:Ws hfrthe~;lJ.nitedPStates ,.'or ~f ariY"'State
one:
'on "th'e~~d'3'te ;of;LlO~s, (da:ma-g~,;br'}desti~cti(hi;' and
"
6, "
: :or .Teti'itoty'itheh:~bfi:'oli'ofith·e'~District·e£',tJolumhia'~ana
,
,
7, '
;whh' "respect; ',:t6 j ( which,', 'a:i'; all'fim\e!Vbet{v~'en' \the·' 'date
8"
'of srtbh;loss:<dafuag'e'i 'or·:destrtic'uioii"arid;· the c.. da-te 6f
"
,
ptesentation.t:o-f;;its: c1i.\irn,"at'least: 50>pef. \jenttim; of the
9
'," outstfariding;rbapital~'stobk"Ol(-otlfer' propi:ie'taiy 'inferest iil
10"
11,; ;' .\:su'ch t~ntityi\VaS
beneficially· l6'\Vii'e'd';:ni'rectly ol'iildiiectly;
,
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,,~ 'by ,irtdividuil'ls ~wh()
12"
13:,:
cOUild, qualifY-dais inditidurllClaimnnt's:
,tt,ilderistflisection (.a),'of:-Ulis'section;' ',:,
,'c.
14., '
15, ~hr jndirect~· -~in: 'a' G'otponiti6ii·' OF :other ie'nttty
t
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wnicll' ~cbui(f
I
16 qualify as a claimant under the provisio'iis~'lof' 'section'i2di:{
17 rs hn.llnot'be .hJI.6W~d.,<: ;, ,!;
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18
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. 191, in~ a: C6Fporatioh{ dr::et'hter ieiitity'Jwhidh !cbuld)not qualify i~'
20: a"claim:ant,iun<ite'pl'tlie i ;pitrvislonseMsecti6fi; '206,isnall not bil
21 \ , aH'owedn ;uilless:lat.~;leasti(25: ·per :c(:intltm;' of·:; the' 'outstanding'
']~" capitruhistock rOF', otherpl;oprietaFy"iriteh~~C,:in :iu~h entity:
23
has been owned, directly or indirectlyr'af:'all itirri'e~> betweeri'
24 -tne::1date ,oNiSlich~(loss;
dama-ge, :&~ d~stfudtion, and t1:i~:
,25 date of presentation of the claim Dy--irrdivi:(fual~ 16r cor
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I' pOflitions or other'jtlntitie~; whicn ;theni~eive's'JcOu'fd:~~Mify as
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2 Cla:iinahts under the provisio'ns of'sec'tion 2'06. 'Anyaward
3 made to any claimant which qualifies under thi~'slibse;~ti6n
•
•
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4 "shall be limited to tha{1Jr-6portioh' 'of! thetotal'loss that tli'e
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5 capital stock and propfi'etaryiriterestowned"by qualified
L
'6
of th'~'ildss,
claimants in such ~ntity' at :tlie' 'tiriie'
7 'destruction, bears :,to'· tHe total capi;t~l stbck
8
9 subsequent to the loss, damage,
,
•
"
:
•
tary mterest
arid 'propri'etaiy
or,'(l~stlii6ti~n '(N1h~'!~roperty
riati()}ializ~ti<9.ti,HJnfi~catioJ,
6r 6th~~' goverW.
titU~' of the~aptt~f std~k; or!16ihdtplioprik~
11 "mental seizure' of
12
or
pHrposes of this!' :siilJse~ti6n lnl f~~t that
interests. F6i the
10 ·there has 'been
daIrtagk,
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the entIty directly owmng such property
III
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13 shall not be deemed to have affected the claimant's"(f~vner~
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14 ship, direct or inaire'ct, of such capital 'stock or other pro
,"
15 prietary interest.
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16
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"SEC. 268~ Within siXiydays aftet tl1e-enactment of this
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17 ' title, the Commission ~slJall give' 'Pllblic Iiotice' by publication
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18 in the Federal
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Register "of the
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time when: andl1ie' period
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19' within which 'Claim's under' 'this title' may be" filed.
Such
~nd 'not 'lesk' tli~ti~ight~ehil~~dnths"!af'ier' 'such
20
period shall
21
publication'or: nlOl;e 'fh~h "t~6: yeaTS after::"the' "a~ii[~t'~'nact~
22 meIit, Of this~Aci:'\:' ":i::r· : , '
•
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23
"SEC. 209. The amount of any a'wai;d based on a claim
24
of a national of 'th e United ,States, othe'r dian the 'national of
25
the United States b)/irhom' the loss '~as 'originally sustu'ined,
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, REPRODUCED AT THE NAT10N~ARCHIV:~,
D[ CU:..S 1FIED
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--·----·~~-=.,."."""~:l Sf Ull?.E.l:~.P)'. ,~_~.z~
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.
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__ "---,-._,.""",,~.•,,_.__ ,,.,...~.:_.
1 shalluotexceed -the amount of, the ..actual ..cousideration ,last
"
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2 .p ai 4~ ~y811Q~ ic,~~i~aJJJ,:,{oF \~qc}1 , cl~m,.:wi,or~r~9 ,.J;~PJla~¥ .
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:: :,:' "~~O~:)~lp;.!:~~ .. pa:y~eW8 ,au~hW'ized}lIlder ,~,~ction.",2~1
5 . of !~hi~)i~l~, ,l!;I?:p~.4e !}dmiI?-i,stl'~~i:v.e expeus.e~ of . the, ,00111
G mission,ju ·au ;arIloquLnot t9 exce,ed 5, p~r . eentUIl! ,Qf the
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8." disbur~\y:~ ,~*9,~~~~~(3JY..,;f.Fonl th~ }unqs madr·aya,i~ab!e unc1~r
.,
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section 202 ~>'-/lt,':,~\:'<.:', :,:",'
of this ,title. ,
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:, ~;',~~q.~l.l- ;.(~LJp:~ C?~n~~~~i?1;1~ i~ allt~or~zed .an~
10
rected, .out t< ':",,;~J:\,", sums made ·available uuder :,section.202
.of ,·the /''',!~'~,:,\",,, "'","h,~
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20
'~~iH?~ot t~~,HP~p,i~. p~inci:erl ~r the. r~m.{liItiIfg.~!wa~:~~. waq~
21",~I pursuant .to{~·nj-,'~ ~-\:!':;-..-t'.
section2Q3
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24
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in anamoullt ' Fp.ich shall he. the .sa;m~
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25 o~. ally, ~W~~~.o~h~llH,ot~xce;e~,.~\q,QOQ~' ,.'
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(4:) 'T1:lerea:fter ,pa:ym~nts" seffiiilriRuully: dH>\accoUnt ;of
unpaid pHrrcipB:1:ot;,'gacli" tem~iiiihg;jaward''-mtide;' prlr
3- suan(to 'sectiOn 2'0'3 :'#liicn ;:shall ':b'e'aF'fo:'stich'unpaHr:'prin
'4'-, cipal: 'the same" pfdp:ohion;~as ':'tlie ;if~taP!am6trliWin~:lthe-' furid
5 available for distribution at the' time: 1'subh :'p~,~~Iits are
'-6
made bears
- 7' awards.'
8
"to
tIre:' agkr~;gatet'un:paidTpriricipaJ ~{ all such
.
'" (b)' Such <p~ymeht~,tfin:a c ~pplicaiiOris for;srlclt'pay
g"nients,' shalrbe' riiad~' iif~~c'coid'ance! with-'suc'li ;;reillfations
.
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H(c) For:tne:ptirp'ose ::ofiliakirig '~~Y:siichp~~ents~
12
other than 'secti~n 21'1 ,·tR;),,':; (tr, ail; ia~ard- ~BaIFo'e a~emed
13
t~ mean the 'aiggregate-;'bfi : ~llr a.'wards"certi·fied l 'ii)" fa/vor of
14 . ;the SRme ,cTfiiiiYanf;"
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16 Of the 'awal~d/is
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17 -by whom 'the'loss was"s'tista:iiI€a,HtHe ',(~ofririiissioni'maylissdk
18 a 'c'on soli dated:,award c:iri':favof'lof"ttn 'eI~ihlahts:'thJh lerititl~d
19 thereto, . :which :a#atd. S1:flHl ~i'nd:icateithe resp'~'ctiveUin~e'resi~
20 ' of such' claiirml,nt-s\ thMei~n i'aria'lal1rJsuchi;Claiirian:t's;-sli~l1; ;pat~
-
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21' ticipate, in· proporti6i:lto~ their 'inrucatea J iriterests/ lin the
22 - payments ',ptovid-edi liy,:,tnis:;:se~tioli \,in~)an\resp'ectstas"
23'
award
has:bee:il'ih!favoi:;0f"'ri,rsinglelp~rson.'t'
'If tHe;
: ,',
24:' "SEo;;~212).'Pa¥IDeIit; ;'of-:!:~lIiy,;aw'ard('lpu:rS1ianfi :to--
25
this
title shaH 'not~; ulflessi.suchtpaymeht is<:for -'the ifulJ:iaIDOuht
df
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. :3..,cl~iw"or :~~,,~q~lstr?~d. ~(), ,b,aye :4i;ve~~e~ i1:t1;)h9:.l~iman~(;pf a~y
'.~ ·iright~., ag~itl~~.{lnyJ?r~lgn. gOift~)l1"}-~f~At, f9r}pe::unp~~~:, b~l.
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or denying any claim under this title shall be finaL~~~ . cop
7
.~ :' cl~~t~e .~~: to,-}}1l "q~~:stf9n~. ~Qf }~)f:)~,n,~;: fayt,: ,and fs~all not 'be
.'. ,9 .s,lfR~:e~ttqJeyi~'X. by{j~rly.\9.~~er;;ofTI~,i.~1\ or!the,;gn~tedi s.tat~s
10 or by any court by m~:q~~WJ}~tiOP ,<!t.h~~~~sp" ap,~~. tl;1~j CQmpi
1~,: ,tt~\~~; g-.~~_el~~~j.;is ~.~H~~priZ~~ &p:'~ .~~!eqtr,d Jp1 alJ.Qw ,credit i~
12 th~ .P.C99R!ltSY1Rfrr ;~IlY; qertify'i;~g ;or, ~~~1!l}f;~if!.g:;,o~ker, f9 r
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13 ;,pa:Yim,~pt~.. ~n; .'
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"SEC. 214. N 0 remun~ration O~L'~lcqo,u~t, of.. serFices
14
15 , xen~er~~ 9n: ~~hal);, !?f r any- cl~~IIl,an,t" in q~mnectipn with an:y
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1,6 •cl~iw.ifil~.d..witA 1~4~ CQp1;missi,onr,,t;nder thi~f #tler shaJl e:?{,ceed
17 :lQ,;p~ll;r'~~Atl1n:l ,of,;the..:t9t~,h!lIIiOllnt ,.g~~d .. :pU;J;suaI!:t ·;to
an
:J,8 . i :~;wa~~; :,W~.d,~n,l1pg.,er tJ;le.npJ;ov~~iQns \ofrthis".title :,o:q;.):\cc.onIit
19. of .\~uc~(·,cla~,lI):~ ,~A~nx;,agre,emept, to :th~ Ic()n~rary ~sb,a:U be.
20,,', unlawful"and ,void,." .:VV,hoev;er in" the~ Ynited ,States .,OF ,·,else::-.
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21 where--,.demands\@r:'teceiv:es· 'on accounkof, services'rsO'>.rerr2
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23 by this sectiog,"isb.,t;lJh he11gll;j1tY:loC~kmisq,eIXl~anor; 3.n.,d;r,upoil.
?4· '{ cfJnv~c.tiQnHtllet~.oJ,'~ $hallcbe:.fin~d(lno.t'::';jn6.r~\:tha:n :i$'5,OOO of
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"~E0. ~15!, :ILa,ny,: ipers~f1 :,; tPi whqm·: al1M~~p~JJP~JAtrisEo
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2 'h~ made P\l~'su~nt :tQ)bj~}itle.i9 d:~c~,a..~~d,9r1,~s i}¥Y~~~j~)f.le~;?l
3 '. ,di~ability, P!LyIpy~t, fh~»': b~',rna~!3;,tq, 1,1'1~ l~gl,ll :!;~p,r~~en~~ti~.~,
>,
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,5; and there is no,
quaW1e~,,~~t(c~torl' or admipist.rato~~jp.r.ty~ne.~t
'
6 may be made to the person or persons found by it~~.r;COlp."
7
mi~sion.·
·8
compliance with
'10
to
. -. .
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~b~ "entitled: rth~!.etq;-. :~~~hout "th~\\':~pcessity,of
~.he,-reqHir;ep1ent,s''.of ~aw
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wiW respt:lct to
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"SEC. 216. No award shall be madel.under Jthis, title ,to
•
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thebel1efit"o~,flny ,iI)divi~Hal
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13 ;in any
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14 .States during,;,Worlq~ W~r~I~.:·,., ,'/ '",
>:
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15
16 th~ provisions,o~,tp~s"tWe"sh,qll :~p~:r:qte; •.M, ap.,,~u~C?,Ipatic ~s-,
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,
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17 signIne~t "by' .th~ ;cl~i:rqaJt,t t9;:the..;U ~i;~e~: :St~te~ i of)'tl.\~,~. por~
18 tion pf his cl3;~ J?r, ;)Vpic.4. h~ h~s.i:re~yive:4f"paJWYI,ltr.:hert"
19 . under.
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21 ,directed to transfer or oth~r,w.isy:w~k,ei'f1:YlailabJ.~.,t~"it~~~,Oo:rp22 ~ssi?n suc~, r:e.cQfd!~ lJpd;: ~pcum~n~s:: r~l3;~ip.g~ t~d~laims au~
,
,
23 th,orize,d by' tN~~!"ti~tl~; . q,~ may t:9~ :r~Ht¥re,d:.:by.('thf1.i)Q(mlm~s:-
24 sion in ·carr.JWlg..,,01J.t; its )unctiqI)~ !undet~ this' tit~e~,
.
25
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"SEC. 219. To the extent that they are not inconsistent
�16
1 with any;provision 6f this title, 'the' pr~visions of.th~ first two
2 sentences of 'section 2 (b)', subsection' 2 ('0), and' section
S 11 6f title I.'of this A~t~'and; the' provisions ofslibsections
(c L( d), (e), and (f) 'of: s'eotion'i" or tlie' 'International
4
5 Olaims Settlement Act' of 1949, 'shall"beapplica:ble' to this
titl'e~"'"
6
7 ' TITIjE II-'RETURN"OF VESTED 'ASS'ETS"
SEC. 201. (a), Th~tportioirof' secti~m '32 :( a)' 'whi~h
8'
9 precedes the first numbered paragraph thereof is :aIll'ehded
,
10 to read as 'follows::'
"SEo.32.'(a} TheA:lienProperty"Custodian,or such
11
12 'officer or
!agency
as 'prc'sc,i'ibed
by law, 'shall return arty
13 'propertY 6)~ihterest: v~ste'd" in or'transferred:' to 'We' AliAn
14 Property Custodian (other 'tliUli" aliy i)roi)(',lty' or ihter~st
15 acqllii!ed 'bi theUl1ited States' p'riortoD~Cemb"er 18, 1941') ,
16 or the net proceeds thereof
/1(0'1'
l)fop'e rt,for' 'interest re'
17 ' ceived' iIi' 'exchange: thei'efor or any' paymeiit 'made, :to tlle
18 ' United' State's'" in 'lieu' 6f 'the vesting 'o(any pro:p:el·ty~r
19 interest), including any dividends, distribution or' :oth~i'
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20 'i'tlcr'emen(p'iiidof"allowed thCI:eon'slibsequent to such vest':'
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21 ' ing;wHen~ver;it;is 'established~,-"
22'
23;
':(b) Sectiori32 (a)
wor'ds""as;thePre:sident
(l)'is nmended'by 8tri'ki~'g the
or; such
offi'ce:r' ,or' agency may
~4 prescrjp~/, ;~~(r i'hs~rting ;ill:' lieu "tlrereofo' Hie follo~ii1g': ('as
'"
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; '(0) 'Section
3
32; (a)" (2) "lA): and,;"sectioh -;321
(a')
'4' (2)' (D) :of the''l?ra'diiig'With 'tfit{Eriefny !Act ai'e;am~nd~d
5 by striking out the' ,,'ords
"Gerrruiny:'" '~anid
"Japan?!; wher
.
,6
ever 'they appear'therein. '
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(d) Section 32 (a) (3) and secti<)ll' 32(; i('a~ !j"(5) 'of
9
(e)' Section '32>'( dyTs amendedYby;s'trikmgdt1i~' wOl;ds
10 "the President or such officer. 'or ~geiicy; as h]{ may': ;desig~
11 'nate inay otherwise' deterfuirie,"';and hrsertirief iIl"liert,there'of
12
the ,following : "as the', Alien: Property 'Custodian"ld!' su~h
13 ' officer 'or agency
a,s prescribed,: 'bY;';la;"';iriay"'othe~wise
14' determine,". ' "
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(l) Section' 32 ' f(f) "is"'arnended 'oystrikirig 'tHe \vords
15
16' "the President
or
17 'nate" wherever
It app~ars tli'ereiri; ahd'mseit'm ;lie~';thereof
'such officer- or',itgency
as 'hetnay',:desig
, 18 the following: "the 'Alien: 'Property Custdd.ia~r'ot stlcli'dffice~
19 or agency as pni~crihe-lby'law'ma:y designat~"; , , •. :';:
20
"
SE'O:
2(j2."Th~(fitst'seriteric~'bf-~s~Cti'OIi'·33: dfsucrr
21 . isamerided
22
,
23'
Act
td 'read ias 'foUo4s::' "NK" return}irl~y:be'<'kade
puiSmlnt to se~tion"9~~ '32~:
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24 "property or interest' acqilif~(r>'bYthe>Umt'ed~' :g'tates prfor
�. DECL_~,SSIF1ED
/·,p:.h:rl':j ..i5. O. IOG"CL.
.
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date two years after: tIA~,[·q,n.tt1qofl.j.~Aa~tJPtt~t rpAnt4~':,:\foi~d
2
,,3" W~r JI~il:J~p1{~g~ Q1f!.i1ps \SM.tleA1~nt!~~c.~,.)~~i9he~v;~r is lat¢.r,
.;4., ,:;ipctpe.ca.s~; ~f ~p1Y::nrog~f:tYf 9t;:{inJ~l:~,S,t(~cq~1~r~d
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SEC. 203. Section 34 (f) 9f""~,~2h'd\~t :·iSi:.~JW-~1}~tjd to
8
" (f) ( 1) If the aggregate of :A~ R.tqC)P ims ,fil~d.~,q~~ pte
,.' ,9, ::: .scr·jg~4.:~~"qt1lf.ds rtP.~"H.\<?~YYt '{J::OIp:: )V 1~:i9h'i jn;i1p,cql:~ance with
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~~:f,s~all2.1nj(:)p~n~:\·~l!:ii i(yJe'':~E;~.~fm'tP,~~:;~tm4rted",~!~im~ilhay~
.
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13, <, .bY::~,l)eg'lstereq~!'A1ail: :O~,;P.JlI ~la~ITlants 'f'JI~S~~dule, q(, ;;~J;L, c1e,b,t
14 claims allowed and the proposed payment to:: ~~cJl,r.,c~~ip.1a~,tl:
W"If'8.:p,e ~:~mf~~yd,,~or ~mpp~'i,C~ip'lS th~v,~r:b~~nJ,w\fil~1
with F~,
i
~~~,,)~pe.5tr:FO.~ :a:q¥:, ~roJw:~~t.~:~pr: )nt~re~t,:r.nqHcri r:~~; .sJlcp ~~~~edl~h3
;,17:,.,:,. ~~alb l{e :gi y;~n.~RY;\P,Hbl\ya,tip;q
irk~~,l;t'~J Jf~,d~r,i\l\~~gist~~\.(JVhic~
+~, ;}1;~oFjc~~:: $l}agii ;~t~l~e,Jh,~h,}hei'lS~~rdw~, "lwill;,bi~"/;;t,y~i:l~;kle fOf
19 inspection t~t~the,9flice",oL.tAe,.0\18to<li~n(,an.d that,~any, debt
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2'~!1 p~~:F?ri.p~~!~Br.B ~?~e.~IlI~~,:th~; t?~~toHian.,1~~~1l ~a8~i~P\iJ?~i,?ritie.s
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~~~ '; ,i.
25
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/i;j~~ )~)'K1PWn, s~t~,.~d~y'~ i~HJr .th~,~t~~g, of .~q~~) rwtiQ.<;l,
any claimant considering himself aggrieved may file in the
�~'h _ _ _ _ _ '~'\'
,1 '; ;t;J~ited :. States, D~~~~j~t ,90,1l~it. i~or1,th~1 J!i.~tr.ipt(,}qf; !~plllm,~ia ~a
,2, ,complai?t:for,:,~~yieJ~ of,:the;is9~,~A~le:",~naIIH9-g",tg~'}Cu,~!9di~n
,,3, as, defen~3!Ilt~o' c~h~, ,~,o.!PHla~~ ~~~JJ:-,~~t fQ;r.th,:tk~·le8;~R~s;:w4Y
J,4 I;, t:~e" s,chedule:~s. ~l\~g~~; ~9. r,pe,ti+b,~:g~~~~':; ,.l\"9~P'Y,itoti,Su:ch" com
.5 .plaint s~an ,be;[sep~eg. up,9p.;,tl;ifil: Cus,todi,an.'U~~~C), ~PfllJ,:;pup6 lish notice thereof in the Federal R~g~~t~:r. :(;~~:p,e; q\l~tp.dian,
7.. (""ithin forty-:p.v.e .d~ys!tfif~~~·,)~~I;~~ic.Ql qf, :~up~Tco,rp~laint upon
; &., h,im,
s4anfile,,~~ 3,ns~e~~:tBJ4~i corr;tpJ~int ~nd)s}f3,lJ,:~~rtify
9 . ,~d fil~
iIl t ~,a;id C~mFj~'~' tr8;~~,c,~:ipt, of ,~b;e ,re,cord:,of "P~9.cf!~pings
10 '1 jn the Offic;e. !oL;A)~~P~r;r\~Rerty ;Ous~94i~n'i.i\v~t.p;J.re~pept !to
11 su.ch sehe~ule:;,' 'Vp!)J;t,;g09.!~i: 9~~se,i ~ho;wn s.q.ch. tBlly,!~a,y .b~
12 "extended ,by,t1?,e 9Pq.rt., ~llch·'lf1.go.~~ :~.~~Jl'.jn9~Jlq!1 tlfe:iQJaiIP,.$
,
.
.,
18,):p. question a~\,file~'i';~u,~h evidt;lI1~e."wit~ ,:f:es~~ct,ntper~to::ts
14 maJ,r:,have, Q,?~p. p'f,e.se:p.~~dl!Yhthe;,:Cu~t9di~p.; 9~ ~tr.Qp.uced
1Q
.into. the
rec~l:d
b,y.:hiw"
,~;y;)iI1~ing~; 1or: ,oi~h.er' r.~e,te.r.~na;,.
16 ti~ns made. by i~4~; CPl1sto~i!l:P·,r:wit~"F~8pe~t .,the:r~tof_ f\:rtd the .
17,; s~heduleprep3,:r~dl;hM' ,tpeu;Cllstodian. ;;~ AnyjIl;tere~~ed-, debt
18 claimant, upon application made to the·9.Q,u~k~ith~¥:1~orty.~
:t9 , five. days,
af.t~J; t1;t~,
gi;yi;:p.gu pursu,~1.lt}:.tq
.t4~s p~~ggraph
iof
20 notice of the filing of such complaint for r~yi~~;;):rn~Y fer
21 :;goQdc3;use "shQf!Vn1ge'{p.e~i,~te4-, to, int,e:rven~ In:,~sl!ch review
22 , ,pro:c;ee~ilrg.;;;[1h~ cqnr:tfsh~ll,enh~f judgmfmt ,;a,fijr.ming the
schedule~
or: ,m.04¥yi9K,t.l},C3;scp.~dule,. 'and:rdirectitig pay1'nent,
~4 ,.i~. any b~
fqUJ,ld ,~u~".\,q:rt:+rt}p.l!:rQdjng lthe ;scll.~.~ule:tQ'f~th~:rCus':
23
25 t~dian, ,it t~e'l'c,eUftrtcqnc~t+d~~:t4l1tthersc~edl:lle: ,is notiD:
•
�20
11~:;a6cbrda~ce,jwii]{q:aw'or; thaftany fuateriaJ"'fiii~dlngs"indde by
'~2' . the;' iCu:stodiah: '!are: tllsuppor'ted{)
,
.
~
.
,',
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,_
oy"
_,
'fsubst~ntla{ ··~videnb~.
~,
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3 :::Pendihg(tn'e-'final decisIon oFtrre'!coUit!'on sticn1;compliiht for
4" 'review; 'pajID:ent pursna'nit6'thei schedule"ma:y :'he'Ina'd~i only
'5,
t<J:";ah
extent~;if any,; cohsisfe'nt ~itH':fhe' i e6nt~ntloh; orrin
!j; ~ ..,
:,;
.'
.. ' ;-LI.:"
"',
;. i ' ' ;
.!
' .. ,
'. ':
7' ' ;'. :HI( 3r·lif order t'o 'facilitate 'the' pr'ocessini'bf1debt Clhim's,
!8:'wheri~vet'a debL'is' expl'essed'\ril'~: foreiiiiJ. ;duri'ency: ahd
9"
:payaole' in a:' foreign couhti-y'tpaynient !iinder t~i;s t.,sltbs6c
"
_ . .
10 . tioIi.···srralr;berhadeA(iri.
"~,
United'S t'life's" "CUiTcllcyl'af;bJ rate '<if
•
"..
: '
',\
\_
_
_ 1
"
_
'
1'1 .exchange :Which'\\'bllld' Jlermie'the' \llia~imllm:p{'o' t~ta:pay~
12 ment of"aUclaiIits; against the vEist'e'd pi-Ol>eitf:;or !inter~s't
13 "aUo~'ed';oy the ,Gl1stodirlri .
<
f
A.s' 'cnch;such
'cluiIiifiis ~aet~j·~
14 ··mihe'd to be'valin, mi' ihitialpaYInent sh~li He"iiuldet'jn ali
15· i
amt>ililt; 'vihieh': the' aggregate
c]aihis fil~d' :'kgiain'st
,Uf I!dcht
16 the property :01' 'iritere'st o{rested"s'bilii: beart& trrel.riiorrej/'irOlTI
.11:'
whi'dr, iriaccordancewith subsection"( d):Ihere'bf;'paymeht
t.
' : ::.
'!
~..
. . If,
:..
{:',
"
.
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·.!t
21'" .,. ,\'SEC.l 39. .(a) . Any'property"'or't iIiterest,lVe'sted ':in or
22:
tr,ansferred!;to' any officer :'o't"agericy of jthe·~U;n:it'e&!'States
23, .siiice::f)ebember
24, "payment'; made
25
;7, 1'941~··pu:rsu'!uiF to: tUIs
A'ctl i ·\'<~t/ aiiy
to' 'the i ·t:rriited'·;States in lieu':) (Withe'; ve~tiAg
"rof any property 'or 'ihterest,),;'lor'tlienet ;prob:eeds1tll~rebf,
�,.
-
"
'~
,~
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"'~'~'--"'--'---'''.-''''''-~.--'-''--''''''----'---~'''''''''~'"''-'
~·:··
. . -·...,·,:...,-_"____ ...
_~_OM
___ ,
..._______ .. _______.. _______' _ _ ..
.
L.
!
21
~, inelu~ip.g any 4iy,i~eIlds,.W.~.~~i~~ti()~,:of: !ot'h~~)n~r~ment pald
2 or allowed thereon subsequent to such, v~,sti.Ilg, ,.a,nd which
.
.
.
",
3 .. ~ediatelypri()ri :t?
~l}~. ves~ing,. tra1)\~{~r,
,or payment was
4 the property ,or,in,t~rest ,0'£ .(j-e~p1a,nY?F J ap~n..,or a citizen
I
"
-.
. . '
.
5 (lr subject of Gerrnany!,or: ~apa~ or .8::co.rpQra~io,n" company,
orgaIlh~ed UJ~der,the.
6 or association
laws of .G,Efrmany
01'
7 Japan, shall be r~tpr~~d; ,su~je9t: t9the 'ltenn~ alld condi:'
8 tions. imposed upon the ;ret~l~ ,@~_.any,p~?,per~yot; interest
-9 by subparagraph, ,,(~),pf SUp~~G,tion (a) ?(~ec~ior,t 32, and
10 subsections (b)" .(l.) , "(d).,, (.~), r.(f), ,(g):, BInd (h) of
.
•
11 that sect~on~
I
"
" , '
Ip..a,~ditiop..to .'~he,foregoing
•
no return
sh~l1
12 b.e made pursvant.!toth~ss~ctio;n,Sn the;"cp.~~,;of~\
13
H
(1) D;atw"al.persQIls!,who, ()p the date· of,enactmellt
14
of thjs ,Act,or iap.y.t4rt,e;thereaftef,prior. to su.ch return
15
have lived,. ,or :,corpol;'ations" com,panies, .or associations
16
having their· sol.e
.01'; \p'~ary:
.
sea.t,-. :in
.
.th_~ ,~:o;viet
Zone
,~
17
of Occupation: of. Gerpiany, or ,ip AlbaI;1i,a,,_ Communist
18
China,
19
Estonia,L~tvia,_ ~itl1UaIJ,i~,RUlllania,
20
the Soviet Uniop::
21
persons, Qorporatip:qS.ri,CoDlpapies" or ;associfj,tions shall
22
be
Czech()slo;vaki~"
liq~id8,ted
,
Poland, BulgarJa:, Hungary,
,Nortp .Korea, or
Pr;~vided, That,.th;e.prqpe,~ty
apd !'th,e:,proceeds
-'
.:
.
th~r~f~9m: h~ld!
.
" '
of such,
in tlllSt'
.
23
, by the Sec~e~~\.o~~ th.~~Treasury until.~l~~l,l, t~e as the,
24
Secretary of State certmes. ,that are~,~,9i sU<;lh proper
25
ties will inure,: tq the, p~nefit. of the p:nited States or
�22
1
,
, I
I
"liniif fihal dlspositi8b.~ t1iel~eof' is"- id
tli~rWlse': dihk~ted by
:3
"" ';':" (2 f: ~n;f' riaturfiY petkdll'
4
'petsoIialIy' indhyiul~~ ;by' a,'couli;\ofc6mpetent tjluis
5' '
"dictidn"ol 'mi'irder;illtrea-tment/ ot;'(1eportatioIi\'for'siave
Wh~~'\lias "q)e;eI{'.'c'onvlct~d
I
6
7'
,8' :
9
I '
!
,'or' civili{ui)~pophhUibn" in: '~'dcui)iea"; t~b-itories, :~'Jr Of
murder ;~o{ :ilV tre~tnientl';of riiilitar&'
o't" Ii~y~l pe'fsOJ1s,
" or ;of' plunder: or' :W3.riJOri destrticti6t{Withdut: jU'stifiJd
or any,'perso:b whb; haS':he(hi.·'a>vol~
10
~ilitarY: necessity,;
11
rintary' member:~fthe~Nai~(Parti:or of'any' 'Jap~nese
,
12
'
orgt:biiiation" 6rdered' di'sbanded"by' 'Hie' Suprem'e :~Conll
13 ,\, rharider'of-the!:Alli~d:Powers;ak"3:n:(organization engag~d
14'in promilitarisnica;ctiviti'cs 'during;'Wori'd~a:t'II; or '
15
'.' ( 3) ,'tn:el." oW'ller 'of' Stlch "property! :at the' time of
16'
, "v'esthig; '01' to: 'the' legal representative "or successbr, as th~
17
';;case' n~a.y"'bie, 1M such,:.owne-i', uiitil;th~e~:otfic~rhr agen~Y
18'
authdi;ized:fto ,rilake'sllch" :retUi'n; 'naSi re'ceited a ce't~
19
tifidate ';'froni(~~t1ie; JDepai-itiieIit', of' State "tHiit <'if has ob~
20
triineu"~ 'satisfactory assurances; that' such "pro~erty will
21
not""iupon',:the" 'retUrn', therebf,' 'be!'}seiied cit treated,"
22
. dih~'ctlf(ot'mdireCtly;:ltS:enemy 'prdp~ftyJby arty foreign
23 '
.go~etmne1it:\ihaviri'g' 'jurisdictroIi'" 'oveF/sUcn 'pt6perty or
f
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_
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24
25
"
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...r-.
�2~
I' 'i'1tepublic1 oI ,-'th~ 'PhilipPlilbi,tlndth- 'tiie'(!Plirlipplne Prop
:3 "
' , - "( 5) '1)l:oper(y 'wlifch'tll'e Uhit~(:r:::Stat~~ ~rlbbligated
4
tO'l'elease toa f6t~ign{ go~erliIrtfmt :dr -iov~H1irl~hts und~r
5
agreements relating to ther~~61htih:h ;'of~fih'fercustodiiil
6
confiictsl1irivo'lvink,' eiitnh)/ ;property'- h[eretQfore entereH
'7
· into, by/the Unitea;;State~'
.
Jitll:'a/f8reign\,;gb'vernment 8r
i
r
l-~'
} :
, '
8'
govern'men't's !IH~rsu~r:ht\ t'<)'- Pii1)li(Y-Law("857'; Eighty-fir"st
9
Congress}'ariu' pr6~JltY"*nich lthe!\tfHiH~d;,S~altes has r~-
10
ceived or 'may'lbe\fentitl&d'to retaiiiiorta'i':e'cei{J~ fi'om'~
11
foreign goverriment\;~~' ~gbvehlIherit's ;;~rith~rj'siich agree 1
, ments", O'r ' ;"
12
' "H;( 6)' prbpehy;~Hfr<tJie
13
Ioffuer;;gov'ebiriikhts JoF~erl
14 .
many and'J~pani;)rexcltisiv;e';of!diplomati'(l'~arfd'J6oHimlai
15
property~;'
.
. '~' (1
16;"
I
,i,":
'.
r; ptiiiUdofhiotion 'pietures'Y:e:x.cep'f'tnese')";hich
-
-
\
)' .
-
'are subject;tci!'sui'£s('or t'cUiiinEPuirder 's'fiCtioti;;~f;~: (~'J
]:7
.
18 .
19 ' f
'or ',.
.,
; ~
cii
.
"section' :32,: :'WBi6R 1iHnts" ;sli~llIiibe: '~tr~nsferre(Fiitb\~ tJii{
Libraty'iof:iCb'rlgress(for \reten ~iori 6iMJdis pbsitio:R;:~s! tl{~'
20
21
,,'
" '
"I.'?"
"',,
:; ':
.: ,
22" ." ;" arisirig'out 'of::c'OntractfN~;ntle'fed'ihto'~itkrespect to trade"::'
23
,,' ,'marKS oil 'trade HaIh~s;:'ve~t~d'Oy' ',~~~tillg 6'rd1
eJfsi"!2'S4, ,~~::,
24
airiende'd';678 ;"'23'54'; f49151,;Uf819';v5592 ';'5593 ; '18805;"
25
and fSH'05 5:Jor"ofr6tklliiis" orOtRet-~ilicome agri\r'ea' froiri:
,
.
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r:.o' .,.-,.
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24
1
ib:e'1P!;ope.!ty .01' ip.~erests,;lv,~sted under ye~tJl1g orders
. .
.
'
,',
.
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2
128; 13111; 1~31~'; 17366; "and, 1,7952.; .or ~of copy
.3.
rigb,ts:.'y,~s~~~,
by yesting, :or~ers,J28;13111; 14349;
.: :11;366; )7~52 .. and .the mo.t~on; ,pictur~ Jis,tep. last in
4
5,
.exhibitA, of:11803. ," ,'"
,
.. ".'
..
.
,
:;'
,
'. H(~).i .Any rQyalties~.or other inc.ome re~~ived by or
6
!,; ,acvrue.cl.in,
7
;,~h~
8
.fl;lv~r ' qf i the Alien. )?ropertyCust.odian or
..;\ttorn,ey ;G.ttp.er~rl as a resqItpf. t~e, enforcement and
.
.
.
; ,~~ip.ist~ation;pf .v,ested. :rights or :iI!teI:ests .in patent'
9
10 .. I)icen~ing: 9.ontracts det.ermined, to. be, violative of any:
11.
,antitrust..Iaws,of the United Stutes. '
12
"(b) Any property or interest returned under this seG
. . .
•
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J
~
,
.
I'
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;
,
.
"'
13 " tiol) ,'\y:4i~h, 11~.s" not; ~een .liqui ~a~ed ,,~4(111 he :returned in its.
,
•
"
• >
•
14 .pre.~eD;t state:lf)3of,~he ,~ate of. :e.nactme,ntof: this :section, afteI;
,,15 making the deductions authorized by sectiops:?2.~nd 36 and
16 .such,p~yments,as,IIlay,he :l'e9.11ir~dpu;r~.uapt. to the provisions
17 of; se.ctiQ~) ?4:; ,and "inJh,ese: .cases Whel:e :the property or:
18 ' interest,hfl~,,~pen .liquid~ted,; the lforejgn .Claims Settlement
19 Comrr:ds~io~ r~hall ma;~epayments, I1ft,er making isuch deduc..:
20 tions or payme;nts" to;, the, f()rmeri;O~e~s ,in.. the following
22
u
Ot, Payn1ep.t ,to :e~c4,foqner, Qwper of.his :~ntire claim'
23 wher,e.the, p~?perty or: ip,te.resthad ar va.;lue of. $10,000 or
24 l.~ss, ~n~,'sim~taneollsty,,:,Pftym~ntto :aU,';other fOrmer OWIl-:
I
25~rs ..oLup t?i a maximum of $10,009. e~,ch;;i and
<;"
i ,
I
�.
'
,
Thereafter, ':~emia'nnual; pay]pent_~ to :}eacli ;ii:'emain~
-H( 2,),
J-,'::-;..
2.:; ing;,fonner.-,oWIler)of5pro,f,ata,sharesrQf :,theientiie' v,ahie~-of his
3" ::property,'or: :interest;"in!,suCh:.~pro.portiQns:· as,iIluty ,ber'deter~
4; "mined, by ,the, ,'Foreign:J]laimst Settlem~:t;ltr;GotPmiss!onr;until
!;,;:
6 ;: ~;
I'
'
S~C.
i:
2:05', ;];mrnedjately fp1l9.w.:ing'lsecJion,39:10f:;the~Trad;,.
7,.ing With the! EIlem'y:.A~t?~ltts:r:,ttmend~d,add!iai1lew),section
8 to read as follows:
9, ' :- ~'SEQ.,40.~ ,r(;~J."tIf'~!llter;.;.tti1~:,pr9I).;;F;t~'t Q.r .in~etest Wfl'S
1Q ·,Yested pnrSlIant.to. this,:Achth,eyc1a~m\J)tanio~ef; with! re.;.··
•
"
11.,spect to such
.."
~
•
,
pr9pei~ty :·iW~sfas~ig+led~,Qr'release.dJJO!:Qf;;COm'~.:.-
'Yith!'ithe.dUtti~ed,
,
12 : promised
I.
13:: Custodian, ;hjs
StaJes:: or: ithe' ,t.Alien~i~r9perty:'-'
,.s.ucces'So~;10r:t\sUCCes§9tS,:.;no~ su~hiGpi;operty;'
1~,.,or,the.liquidl;l:te4:!,pr:Q~e.e{[sotli~1',eof!shal1 he;:retuJffied:!ptlrs:uanti'
15. to section, 32 ·or; 39. :unl'ess such"owner,:shandendet·,to.,th~;
•
."
I' . - -
••.
•
"
•
'
'~,
'"
•
18
1~ , ,or· 39, a~ i Ilmend~d, l'sha.ll!.:p~! ~snhkc.t) to ~~stiiI)gplice~s~s issued·L
20 by the, AlieIl, ~topept;YliQqstodiaA-,' his, succ~$so,r" 9t sU(lCeSSors;c.
2~, :'i an~ i s.h#::l.U, ~or in¢l~~e ~a:niY\ r:ights'~Qf ·the;,Alieni;I}r;opert)u:JJusj
:
22, :todilln~ ,.;hi~. s1JQ9~~SQr:r~or:!~U'ccf2Ss~:n~s, t.Q:<ne¥LQkel '&:uch!:1ic.e:qses~2
2~,. .
,~'. (c) ,Wh~r~'ithe -sei~~d'~pr,o:perties;:c9Il$isLsolelY:i ()f -shares:?
2~! ,;pf stqck"in,a 'cmT9r:.ation;:wpO,s¢;p:r9P,erties are:·located·:.in\ tIie~
.
"
'';'
25 IJ" ..,: S ' 'an, ,',a t ,va3 ;:Optloth'ex~sts!:m,' fav:():r:.;,()l:~esl'deli';'
1'd
.
. '.
" f
't,:n)
:.,,:, ~imted tates, d
+)
�1 sto'ckliolders ghvirrg/.ri~e' ito rthif! r:ight;te'l:purclia$e~ .the seized
I
2'., stock in
~,,;
th:e~ ,event ":the 'owner! ,desires:(tor:seH tsuchistock;:, th'e
returf:t of' snch: stockj'sh~U (l>eJdeem-edj~urd ltr'ea)tedriit.' htw{and
4: equity as ;81 iprifsp'e'cti:vei..sale!ah:tJ1e;vallfe"thet~of{ t'o Jbe':detet;..
5 mined by, ftrre; ,'Foreign.. ;:ClaiJrtsf'tSettlerneiit ':O~mtnission:,
6' thereby ientitlirfg"SflCb' ;option. hbla~rs~ to) e'xei'Ci'se,(their rights
7 innccordn:nce;fwithhthenterm.s/ptovjsio:ri~~· aria c()hdh.ioiis
of
8 snch option.
9,
if:
''''(d)
']1 therF,oreigfi ,Glainls:Settlement· i00n::l:iifission find~
19· that: ('1 \) ';iany;;v~stea~)prop~lty for~·;lilt~J:est) subject ;to;':fetntiif
11 "under'this;'A:;~t'iJCOIlsists ~/<!ifsharesO'f;stot.;k~f; a corp)(ji'fftioilf
12 ·otgaillzedritin«er.lth:e~ laws· bf
1~:;
dIi§iSta,te,;I·Teri1torYr()r;:p'osses~;:
sion' iof; (tlYeUnited' ~States ~o:i" 'the' 'District of." Colufuhia:r'( 2-r.r
14:"at'least"one:':third 8f",the!tota;r~ofitstan'dihg':Sh:ates';of)~0rriinoAl,
15 , stock', hf 's'nc1fd~oip'()ra~tiOIi' is: Jfegi:s'terelf if.{ tHe: IHhlte8 ,of
!
I
Ht.fli:
~ ~
;
.
16 .; 'zeris:ofthe: Uni'ted\Stat~s, and::; ~3:)i~ttim;':oFflle;~eJted jsh~;r~~!
17 .of stock of such;rcor.peratio:h?;to i;tne!foWnel~~;or"6wn:ers:~'Ollldt
18: materi'a;ll!tPfejtidic€Ptlle1itit.erests
19 ;, cae may' teq,il,i~ei; as
61' sli'cn 'cit.ii~n ~tb'ckholder~/
Ii:; cO'ndition(pt~ecedentLt(F 'return, 'putsiiali J:
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20 . 'to·,thisl Actptha:t suchi~¥est~d·stock!.be;:sti1(l at 'publid t salh i(/
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21"citizensC(jfith'el iUnited States-'Sllomitting) ;the fiigh~~ftoid;jafte~:~:
2~.. public.i:a:dvettisement 6f: (the';time·; fillfd':;pli1(~e;~ of jJ~ale;J;~nd iii~
23 ·sUdi" e~eiit;:;su~b:I Mr.pbrat.ion, 'sIi81Hi!be :;elltitled \fb te(,~ei ve frOlii;t,'
24;. slich,ptO'c~eds 6£·[sal'e[l'einiblitsenient,.for§any'paYUIcnLs ·)iiu.df\'
~5~ ;or. 'payable" th tany<;g:()vel'nmlmt' 'l)eCaiis~;o£ an 'j alregedre{l~my
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�:t~";mterest in sU'ch:(vested:'sto~kNm'd\ thel.:ba:Htnce:df tHe 'prbceeds
2:'"6'fsucli; 'sale~ ex~ept; asx(j'theftVise':ptov,idedLih' th:is~tA;ctp shall:
3'rl,beien.uttedtO';theo'W.tiElf'orJO:Wriefs'p
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5:' '·inserting" imfnedfately';aftel";:; trr~' i,ibids' ;~~oi\ sec't'ionf. ~Nifh;) '~~;
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,'T[TLE ID1IL"MI8@iEI!JL:AJNfE@ms· PROV'ISI(DNS"'
8, .'SEor)301~<·r; ('87)"I·When ever: Q any:i :propeftyo or" tinwres'f
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9 vested~'under:vt'he)J~t~di:rrg:CiWithD.tlnF'ffiJriE:miY l:lrct~,)ftUty' b~
1(},x'reihfited'te~:any:r~lit'1mafitHlb1(1~r.J·;firlyiJ.prt6vision;:;ofl-;]jl:\V:;I"hnt'il t
11,'; 'thePi;e~idefi t:detei:minesr upon; ai \certificatlon\ rmad~vby~{th~:~
12,: ·S~creta.rieS~'dfjiStat·~;l.i])eferise;;{anaJ'&(h.j·merCe;~fthht~'fol'eigri~
13' " oWlu:h'shiJ5' 1 j iSUCR"!pi'op(h·tY',or~:jinterest:; 'is i fa:d vei:seitd :the:::
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14·: 'nation:al~'defetisel mt~Fest;.6fiili!e 'liTnited:~;'States , th~rl?f.e<sident':
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16 direct that the return of such propert.y or intere:st' t'6;';:any:
17('\foreig1:pdi1imantl:be~cohaiti(nied;,llipon :the /disposa.f.;
thereof'
18' lby such>i;icrra:ifuant' l\ylthm tivt{ \yearsJ ;:~ftijr;\s1ich;J\r~tuMf. t6 (
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22~' uopn':, 'applibation> L tJ:{eltttorhe'y,General,::':sbaU; ientijiof;
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26 shares of stock representing the voting control of a corpo
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~, :f ~lf;lCt""~',)·;b,o~tdf~Qf·'·dir~9tors,.:·{~!i~il\~l;Y'l'Qfi1ifJ!it~9rDSt~!~,S.,'i citiz~Jl.~.
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'tr8lain '~';~}feseatch :Farld\:>otfter;i;secretsl;;(jfj,:$ucb;,:.retruine'fti·,,p.ro' ,'~"
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Alien Property to the Foreign Claims Settle'filent~r C6m
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etties '\,est:e'(Pby tWe ·i{riufea[S'taeesfpursh'aiW·tdithisJ~bt
11 which have not been liquidated shall continue to
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12 istered by the Office of Alien Property or' other designee of
13
the President until final adjudication and order is made by
14 the Foreign Claims S~ttlement Commission, at which time
15 the properties shall be returned or retained pursuant to the
16 provisions of such order. All liquidated proceeds of vested
17 properties and other income shall, upon the effective date
18 . of this Act, be transferred to the Foreign Claims Settlement
19 Commission for disposition in accordance with the provisions
20 of this Act.
21
SEC. 303. The authority of the Foreign Claims Settle
22 ment Commission to make. (1) payments pursuant to title
23 II of the W fir Olaims Act of 1948, as added by this Act,
24 and (2) returns pursuant to the amendments to the Trading
25
With the Enemy Act made by this Act shall expire on
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SEC. 305. The Foreign Claims
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1ST SESSION
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A" BILL
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",to p):rvide,funds to pay nationals of the Uuit,ed
Sf;l.tes":holutvewar dainage claiiils against
Germlti(y and .Japan: without additional
diXect «i:~pro'priatiOlis therefor, and to amend
ti,!~ Tl;l~ding 1Vith the Eli~mi -;--\.ctand th~
'~~lr Cj;tims Act of 1948, a~ amended.
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�. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MAy 29, 1957 .
Mr. DOLLINGER (by request) introduced the following bill; which wasrefe~d
to the Committee on Interstate and ,Foreign Commerce
A BILL
To, amend. the Trading With the Enemy, Act, .asamended, so
as to provide for certain payments for the relief and re~
habilitation of rieedy' victiinsof' N a~i pei's~cution.' \. "'~'
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'Be it enacted by .the Senate and' House· orRepre~enta~;
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tives of the United States of America inOongressassembled;
3 That section 32(11): of the: Trading With the Enemy Act,'·
4 . as amended, is further amerlded by· adding at the:conclusion:
5 thereof:'
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"The Presid~iit or stith offic'er
6
7 . authorized .and
as ~he·maydesigiiate. is
~irected to' pay the. sum of $1,000,000 to·
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8· . organizations designated·'by the 'President pursuaIit' to the"
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9 ··provisions of this
subs~ction:: Provided~ .That '(i)tll1y'such': ,
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suant to this subsection that any sums received by it will be
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used on the basis of need in the l;ehabilitation and resettle
3 'ment of perso1?-sin·;:the·United States who suffered subst3;ntial
4
deprivation of liberty or' 'failed' to' enjoy the full rights of
5
citizenship wit1;lin the. meaning of subdivisions (C) and
6
(D) of subsection. (a) (2) hereof, as well as the assurances
7 required under subparagraphs (iii) arid (iv) of this sub-·
·8 section, AIDd that ~such .or:ganization
IS: qualified as
a nonprofit
9 . chadtable organization within the meaning of this subsec
10
tion; (2) such -organization shall· previous to .the •effective.
11
date of this Act hayebeen designated by the President
12 pursuant' to this subsection or,if not· previously so designated,
shall, not later than three months after the effective date
13
14 of this legislation; apply for such designation on· behalf of
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of.pel;so~s not within .the ,scope of. a prior desig
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0 1'ganizations
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in.·.the ,proportions. in which tlH~ proceeds ,of
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18., heirless property. were distributed, pursuant to. ~greements
19 to' which ·the United States was a· party, by' the Intergov-:-'
20 ernmental. _Oom~ittee for, Refugees and, sUC6essor organiza
21 ,tions ..thereto.Acceptance of payment . pursuant. to this,
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22.',. paragraph . shall "copstitute a' full, and complete ,.discharge
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oLanyandall,claims ,otherwise ;fiJ.edrpursuant to this. section
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32 ..(,h ),...and .such c paymenLshall. be. in lieu of and not in
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addition 'to, returns pursuant to such other claims. ,
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REPRODUCEDATTHENATION,,:,::____ ~:
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"The Attorney General is authorized and directed, im
2 ' mediately upon the enactment of this subsection, to cover
3 into the Ti'easury of the United States, for deposit into the
4
vVar Claims Fund, from property vested in or tqtnsferred
5
to him under this Act, such sums, not to exceed $1,000,000,
6 as may be necessary to provide 'for payments pursuant to
7
this subsection."
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~RCONGRESS
1ST SESSION
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A BILL
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To amend the Trading ,With the Enemy Act,
as amended, so 'as to provide for certain
payments for the relief tmd rehabilitation'
of needyvictin;ts of Nazi persecution.
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By Mr.
DOLLINGER
l\:Uy 29, 1957
'~
Deferred to the Committee on Interstate and JI'oreJp
Commerce
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OF THE UNITED STATES
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REPR~SENTATIVES'
IN THE .HOUSEOF
MAY
29,~957
Mr. DOLLINGER (by request) introducedthe£ollmvmgbill; which was ~ferred;
to the. Committee on Intersta,te and
Forei~n
Commerce
A BILL
To amend the Trading With. the Enemy Act, as. am~nded, so..
.
. .
as to provide for 'certain payments for the relief and re-' ,""
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habilitation of' needy victiinso{ Nazi persecution,' ,
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Be'it enacted 'by the Senate and House of Representa
tives of the United stat~$ of America in Co:figress assembled;
3 That section 32'·
(hJ'
6£ the Trading With 'the:F5neilly Act, '
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4 as amended, is"iurth~r amertd'ed byadding'~tthe~ c'onclusion :
5 thereof:'
"The PresIdent' or ~suchofficer ~s
6
'1 'authorized and alrected'to pay 'the
he may designate
is'
's~ of $1,000,000 to '
S(jrganizations' desigIiutedby the'President'pursu~nt';t() the'
9' • ptovisi~hS of this subsection: 'Provzded,:THat"
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10 organization' shhll',have ~given theassui'ahce' :required pur-'
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1 suant to this subsection that any sums received by it will be
used on the basis of need in the rehabilitatIon and resettle
2
3 ment of personsin the ..uni~edSt3;tes who suffer~d,substantial
deprivation of liberty -or . failed to enjoy the' full' rights )of
4
5 oitizenship within the meaning of subdivisions (0) and'
(D) of subsection (a) (,2) heteof, as well as the assurances
6
7 required under sU,bparagraphs (iii) and (iv) , .of this sub
8, section,and, that .such organizatioN is qualifie~,as anonpro~it
charitable organization :within the 'meaning of this subsec
'9
10 tion; (2) such organization shall previous to the effective
11 date' of this Act have been designated by the. President
12 pursuant to this subsection or,ifnot previously so designated,
sh~ll,
13
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not later than' three rhonths aftei" the effective date
.
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14
of this legislation, apply for sucll·designation on behalf of
15
catego~1es of persons. not within the scope of a. prior desig
16 nation; ( 3. ) such sum shall be allocated among designated.
17
0 1'ganizations.
in ,thepropOl:tions in. which the. proceeds. oJ .
18 heirless pro,perty. were distributed,pursq,ant, to agreements.
19 to which the' United States was a party, by the Jnterg,ov
20 . : ermnental o.oml:nitt~e for ,Refugees and· successor organiza- . .
.
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21
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tions. thereto.;, . Accep,tance of payment pursuant
.
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this
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paragl'aph ,s4all., constitute a fun andcomplyte discharge.
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of any, and la:lL,claims,othemvise. filed pursuant to this ~section
.
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24, 3.2 ,,(.h )., ~nd;s(lCh.,mtymentshan he inrJieu of and not in. .
25
addition to returns pursuant to such other claims.
�3
1
uThe Attorney General is authorized 'and directed, im
2 mediately upon' the enactment of this subsection, to' cover
3 into the Treasury of the United States, for deposit into the
4
War Claims Fund, from property vested in or transferred
5 to him under this Act, such sums, not to exceed $1,000,000,
6
as may be necessary to provide for payments pursuant to'
7 this subsection."
�~HCONGRESS
1ST SESStON
1,
..
<
.-
By Mr. DOLLINGER
.-
MAy 29,1957 .
,~
Deferred to the Committee on Interstate and J1'oreIa'D
,
'Commerce
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To amend the Trading,With the Enemy Act,
as amended, so ,as to provide' for certain
, payment's for the relief and rehabilitation
of needy victims of Nazi persecution.
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A BILL
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H R 7830
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. STATEMENT OF MONROE GOLDWATER ON H. R. 1830
My
name is Monroe Goldwater ~
I am a member of the law firm of Goldwater
and Flynn, 60 East 42nd street, New York 11, New York, and I am President of
the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization.
The Jewish Restitution Successor
Organization, which I shall refer to herinafter as theJRSO, is a New York
charitable membership corporation.
The JRSO strongly urges the prompt enact
ment of H. R. 1830.
The b~ckground of H. R. 1830 and the reasons why it is legislation which
is necessary and is strongly in the public
i~terestare
as f911ows.
The JRSO was designated by President Eisenhower as the organization to
file claims under Public Law 626.
Under the provisions of that act, which had
widespread bipartisan support in both houses of Congress, it was contemplated
that claims would be filed ,by..a successor organization or successor organizations,
and that on the basis of these claims returns would be made of unclaimed or
heirless property vested by the Alien Property Custodian, with the proceeds
of such' property being used for the relief and rehabilitation of needy
persecutees now in the United States.
It was contemplated, as is evident
from the Committee reports upon which Public Law 626 was based, that the
procedures of that law would res.u1t in substantial sums--a top .limit of
$3
mi1~ion
being set--being qUickly put to use for these rehabilitation and
relief purposes.
N~erous
'safeguards were placed around the law to ensure
that all the proceeds of this property would be devoted to this relief activity.
It has become apparent, however, during the course of experience in the
last two years that the procedures of Public Law 626 placed an untoward and
almost impossible administrative burden on both the successor organization
designated by the President., and .on tlle agency of the United States. Government
�· .:'.
"NAL ARCrllVES
REPRODUCED AT TriE NATIO , .•
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having most to do with the'carrying out of this
of Alien Property.
program-~thet
is, .the Office
The reason for this administrative burden is inherent in
the type of claims filed by the· successor organization.
By definition, those
claims are filed to property which belonged to persons who died in.concentra
tion camps without heirs; and, of necessity, documentation is almost completely
absent.
Secondly, there are numerous claims in which amounts are small and
problems of proof are
grea~.
Thus; the individual processing of some thousands
of claims has proved to be a time consuming, expensive and frustrating'task
for those charged with the carrying out of the commendable purposes'ofPub1ic
Law
626.
It is noteworthy that there are SUbstantial assets subject to claims of
the JRSO as to which the facts are beyond the knowledge of any persons who
can be found.
These are cases in which the presumption is very great that
they involve very substantial heirless assets, but as to which proof is
difficult to adduce.
I do not speak in this connection of the thousands of
cases in which addresses are unknown and in which people are in areas to which
access is impossible, as to which facts of all sorts are beyond the reach of
private or governmental agencies in the United States.
I may point out,
rather, that there are some millions of dollars which have been vested by the
Office of Alien Property, which were taken by the United States Army in
Germa~
and which were turned over to the Office of Alien Property to be vested.
These amounts Were taken out of banks in Germa.ny where no records existed as
to who the true owners of these funds were.
They were Undoubtedly funds
whic~
had been destined for the secret coffers of the Nazi party or Nazi offiCials,
and the circumstances very strongly suggest that they were currencies con
fiscated from Jews as to Which no accounting was. ever given or intended.
The
very fact that claimants have not appeared for.these funds is the strongest
�-3
, of' indications that at least in substantial amount these funds belonged to
persons who could not press any claims
becau~e
theY'were killed in the Nazi
concentration camps and whose small hoards of' dollar funds put together came
to several millions of' dollars. There are, in addition, claims to properties
which are subject to certain confllc'ting claims.. For example, the Office of'
Alien Property has vested diamonds in the amount of' somewhere upward of' a
million dollars which came from German sources and which, in the view of' the
.msa, almqst certainly were part of' the loot taken by the Nazis f'rom German
Jews.
These diamonds passed through the hands of' the so-called Diamant- .
Kontor, as to which a United States Military Government report itself' states,
substantially contemporaneously, that it was. formed exclusively to handle
diamonds'taken from Jewish persecl,ltees.
These are categories of cases in
which proofs are very difficult, although I do have here and can submit the
brief of the .msa with respect to the diamonds in question.
Absolute proofs
of the sort which might be required in normal circumstances are obviously
next to impossible in the situation with which we are dealing, and even if
such proofs were to be attempted it would be years before evidence could be
assembled, hearings could be held, and decisions on these claims could be made.
It has been the assumption of the JRSa that the Congress in :passing
Public Law 626, and the President in both signing the bill and designating
theJRSa as successor
organiza~ion,
intended in fact to have monies made
available for the relief of needy surviving persecuteesin the United States.
We do not assume that the Congress intended Public Law 626 to be empty legis
lation or that it was intended to raise the hopes of those who are interested
in the welf'are of these persecutees only to have those hopes daShed against
a wall of administrative frustration.
;'.,
It is for these reasons that we strongly
�RG
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support H. R. 7830, a bill which is designed to cut across this morass of
administrative difficulty and to achieve the result which was intended by
the Congress and the President.
H. R. 7830 is a simple bill with a simple object.
policies of the United States in any respect.
It does not alter the
It merely makes a reasonable
estimate. of the amounts which might be recovered, after long administrative
procedures, by successor organizations, and allocates that sum as a bulk
settlement of those numerous individual claims.
The successor organizations
would receive the amount of this estimate and would in turn release their
claims to thousands of bits and pieces of property.
The Office of Alien
Property would be relieved of a burden which can only clog its machinery, and,
most important, people Who are now in need would receive some small measure
of assistance while it is still possible to assist them.
Additionally, H. R. 7830 would make it possible for non-Jewish
tions to receive a fair portion of this bulk settlement.
organiza~
The amounts which
could be claimed by such organizations were so small and the administrative
problems so great, that none of these organizations has asked to be designated
under Public law 626.
This is not to say, however, that they should not have
a claim, and H. R. 7830 recognizes that they should not be barred merely by
the administrative problems which I have pointed out.
I may say also that the bill which is now under consideration--H. R. 7830-
,
is supported by all of the public-minded organizations to whose attention
it has come.
It is reasonable that it should be so supported, since it is
designated not only to carry out a humanitarian objective but to implement
legislation of the humanitarian nature. which is already part of the statute
law of the United States.
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Not to pass this bill would be· to negate the
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intention of the Congress inenaoting what i.s now Section 32 (h) of the
Trading With the Enemy Aot, and it would be to take baok for reason of
administrative burdens and oomp1exity that whioh the Congress obviously
inte.nded to. be made avai1a.b1e to the surviving and needy viotims in the
United States of Nazi perseoution •
.February 20, 1958
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�STATEMENT OF DALLAS S. TowNSEN,Dj i~!STANT ATTQRNEY GEN~L,
DIRECTOR, OFFICEOF ALIEN"PRQPERT;{LDEPARTME,N,f', OF J,UST~CEj
BEFORE THE 'SUBCOMMI'ITEE 'ONCbMMERtiE MhrFIN1lNCE OF:THE
HOUSE COMMITTEE, ON INTERSTATE AND. FORElaNCOMMERCE
MAR 1 3 1958
Mr.. Chairman and Members 'of the sUbc6mnu.ttee :
)
I appreciat.ethisopportunfty
to pre~erit the' views of the nepart~ent of
,:
Justice on the bins H. R:.tOj27, H.R. 7830andi If.R. ,6766. '! shail'discuss
them'in that order.
This bill would add a ,new subsection (c) to section 39 of the Trading
with the Enemy Act..
The subsection wou+dautho:rize and direct the,Attorney
General to transfer up to "$.5 mill1onof the proceeds o/vested property to
the Treasury for deposit, iilthe War: Claims'Fund.
The War Claims Act of 1948,
as amended (,0 U.S';,"O. App;~2doi etseq~) autho:rized the War ClailJis C6mm:rssion
,
'
(the predec'es's()'r or ,the Foreign Claims Set'tlem.ent Coinmission) toent~rtain
and malre awards:'on various types or claims cif 'United States and Phi'lippiri.e
,nationals arising out of enemy action dtirin'g World War II.
These awards
were to' be paid from the newly constituted W8r Claims Fund in the Tre'asUry,
the
to be made up of
',',
proceeds of German and Japanes_e property ve~te'd under'
the Trading with ,tq:e 'En'eitiyAct,. .
,
, '
More parlicular;Y, s~ctlort 12 of tne War ci~ Act of 1:94!3idded
section 39 to the Tra'dlng'Wl.ththe--Enemy Act~ proyid!ng that
. I
reinai~ing upon the: completion of
admiri.is'tr.ati.on,.liq~idat1,ont and4t~positi:on ,., ~ •
liThe net proceeds
of any /Jes+.;ed German and Japanese prORsrtyor
interest therein7 shall be covered intothe'Treas
ury at the earliestpracti~ab:redate.tf .'
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Section 13 of the WarClailns Act of 1948 :esta'hlished the War Claims Fund to
consist of the
sums
socoveredinto·the' Treasury.
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�As ,indicated by the Foreign ClaiIilsSettlement Corirmission t s letter of
Jam.uary 23, 1958, to the Speak~r'of the House of Representatives, furlds i in
addition to the tota:lof $225, milllon'; previously tranSf'srred' to t'heTrea:sury
are- presently needed to provide for the paYment of perlcfing claiMs' which have
been allowed tmder the War' ciaims' Act of 1948, as amended,.
discussion would provide Congre'ssiOrial authority
needed ftmds by the Attorney General.
rrJthe"
The'billunder '
tran'sfEir oftne
The bill is patterned after PUblic
Law 211 of' the 83dCongress, .which authorized and directed the Attorney
General to cover iritb the'·Treasury.fbr deposit into tfiEiWar "Clairris<Furid
sums aggregating $75 rid!lion.
,
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The Department ·ofJ1.iSticefavors' the erulctmerit>ofthis bill.
H.R., 7.83Q,
The Trading with theEn~myAotJ.asamEmdedJ in>general prohibits' the
return of property vested 'Qrtd~r,it,s provisions' durm'g World'War II which',
was owned by persons who were . "enemi,es" as' defmed·in 'that Act.
However,
section 32 afthe Aot" orig~l)allypassed in 1946,' authoriZes the Office" of
Alien Property to make ret~,of vested property to limited categories' of
former owners having teohnical enemy status but who were ~ot hosti'letothe
United States.
Among tl¥: persons'Cll.l'alified, ,for the return of vested :assets
tmder section 32, are those enemy nationals who were in fact perseeut.e'd by
.
"
their own governments as m!3mbers of Viotimized political, racial or
religious group~ .. ,In,cases where such persons ha"e died, returns of their'
property are made to suoc~ssors ...in-interest byin,testacy or will who them
selves are eligible fpr return under seotiori 32 ~ ,In some instances the
vested property of
~uch'qecedents'
survivors. ,Section,
'.3~.O::l),
is 'unclaimed
of the Ac't, which
'wa~
beQau~e
there are no
enacted into law on
August 23,' 1954,,~thorizes. the return:, in a: total, amoimt not exoee'ding
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,,," f" $3' million, of the vested proper,ty of such., "heirless" indirldlia1s,to Juileriean
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charitable organizatfonsdesi:gn.ated by
~he
~cc~sso~s~in-~
President as
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interest to the decedents.
Returns can be
~ade'
j
orlly upon a <?B:se by cose
basis -that is, only upon evidence that,PElrticul~rtth~ir1ess" q.eced~nts'were
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The· designated "organizations are reqUired :to devote the' property
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persecutees.
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z:ehabilita~ion
returned to them to the
C$dsettlemetlt',.• QI:i. the ba,sis,.;of neied,
of persons in the United States who are suM1,;vors of .persecuted' groups. ;
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H. ·R. 7830 would amendsectton 32th) so as tom..sp~se with t~e pr~sent
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re(tuirement that designated organiza:tions be put to proo'f
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specific .c1~s.
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The bill would direct payment of a lump sum of $1 million to bed1str1buted
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to such organizations for the relief purposes set .forth in . section 32 (h)...
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This. amount would be der.ived, £roni' the War· ClaimsFtlnd heretofore c17ea.t,ed,by
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the War' Claims, Act of 1948, asame~ded, from the proceeds ofve~tirfg of
German and Japanese assets dur:1#g World War II.
.
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ImmediatelY
ul:i.0llenact~t
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of'H. R. 78:30, the Attorney General would be required to cover into th€
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Treasury-for deposit in the War Ciaims Fur:ld. such s:uJns' derived from' ve~ted ..
.
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property, not to exceed $1 million; as would be necessary-to provide for the
payments directed by the bill.
The only organization
the
de~ign.at~dunde~ seetipn 34(h)
PresideIlt' has
is the Jewish Restitut1:orf $:q.cee.ssor organization (JRS.O):.. That, organization
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filed a total of··
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it . has withdrawn a1+b,it ,,2,,?OO;,
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of Alien PrQPert:r, 'of which"
Anexami:rl~t:t:on
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reeords .and inves.tigatiOris. eOridueted in: EurOpe indicate tpat $500,;000 is
thf,:) maximum aggregate amount whi~h'JRSQ' hasa.possi~~lity of obtain1ri~
under thest9ndards' of proot.:ln the present provisions of law.
Whetherthisb11lshOlild ·~en~eted.tnt4)·~aTN' involves aClUestion of
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policy on which the Department make's no reeoinlilendation.··
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To, amend the Trading With the, E~emy :Act,
as aril~nded"so as tpprovlde for; certain '
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LEW :FC:A.IC :evc
Feb 17 1958
Honorable Oren Harri~
Chairman , Committee' on ID.terstate
and Foreign Commerce
House 01' Representatives
.
Washington, D.· C.
Dear ·Mr. Chairman:
This is in response .to your request tor the views 01' the
Department 01' Justice on a bill (H .R. 7830 ) liTo amend the TradiIig
with the .EnelD¥ Act, as amended,' so as to provide tor certain payments,
tor the reliet and rehabilitation 01' needy victims 01' Nazi persecution. II
SubdiviSions (C) and (D) 01' section 32(a)(2) 01' the Trading
with the EnelD¥ Act, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 32(a)(C) and (D»pro
vide tor the administrative returns 01' property vested under that Act
to persons woo, although having World War II. enelJl¥ status, belong to
groups which were the victims 01' political, racial or religious per;,.
secution by enelD¥ governments. In cases where such persons bave died,
returns are made to their leg8J. representat;J.Ves or successors· by
inberitance or testament who quality under section 32. Ho~ver, in
some ca.ses the vested property 01' such deceased persons is unclaimed
because there are no surviving heirs or testamentary successors. Sec
tion 32(h), enacted by Public Law 626, 83d Congress, .approved August
23, 1954, autOOrizes the transter at such "heirless II property, 1n a
.total B.IlIOunt not to exceed $3 million,to American charitable organi
zations designated by the President as successors in interest to these
decedents. The designated organizations are required to devote the
property transterred to them to the reha'Blilitation. and settlement, on
the basis 01' need, 01' persons in the United States who are survivors
01' persecuted gl"OUps.
H.R. 7830 would amend section, 32(h) so as to dispense with the
present requirement that deSignated organizations be put to proof 01'
.
specitic claims. The bill would direct the payment 01' the sum of $1
million to such organizations for the relief purposes set forth in sec
tion 32(h). Acceptance 01' payment by an organization would constitute
a full and complete discharge of any and all claims it, has otherwise
tiled unqer that ~ection and would be in lieu 01' the, allowance of any
such claims. Immediately upon enactment 01' the bill, the Attorney
General. would be required to cover into the Treasury tor depositin
the War Claims Fund such sums:'derived from vested property, not to
excee9, $1 million, as would be necessary to provide for the payments
directed by the bill.
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The onJ..y organization the President bas..designated under
section 32(h) is the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (ermo).
That ·organizationfiled a total of 7.,000 claims with the Office of
Alien Property, of which it bas withdraw all but 2,200. An examina
tion of the records of the Office of Alien Property and investigations
conducted in Europe b8.ve disclosed tbat approximately 500 of these
remaining l:a.Ses, involving approximately $560,000, are the maximum ±n
which JRSO has a possibility of obtaining return under section 32(h).
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Whether the. bill should be enacted involves questions of
policy on which the Department of Justice prefers to make no recom
mendation.
The Bureau of. the Budget has adVise.d that there is no
objection to the submission of ·this report but that the :Bureau is
opposed to the enactment of the bill.
.
Sincerely yours,
Lawrence E. Walsh
Deputy Attorney General
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Same as H~R.
7830
F,E;f;3 ,t{f 195,6
.;: ·;:i
Honorable James o. Eastland
Chairm8.n, Committee on the Judiciary
Uli1ted states Senate
Wash tngton, D. e.
Dear Senator:
This is in response to your re4uest for the views ot the
Department ot Justice o,n a bill (8. 1981) "To amend the Trading :with
the Enemy Act, as amended, 80 as to provide for certain payments tor'
the reliet and rehabilitation of needy victims of Nazi persecution."
Subdivisions (0) and (D) at section 32(8)(2) of the, Tr8.d~g
witb the Enemy Act, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 32(a)(O) and (D» pro
vide for the administrative returns of property vested under that Act
to persons "bo, although baving World War II enemy status, belong to
groups which vere the victims of political, racial or religious per
secution by enemy governments. In cases Where such persons bsve dted,
returns are made to'their legal representatives or successors by
inheritance or,:testamGnt ¥ho qualify under section 32.. However, in
some cases theveeted property ot such deceased persons m unclaimed
because there, are no surviVing heirs or testamentary successors. sec
tion 32(h), enacted by Public Law 626, 83d Congress, approved August
'23, 1954, authorises the transfer ofsucb "heirless'· property; in a
total amount not to exceed $3 million, to .American charitable organi
zations designated by the President as successors in inte:rest to these
decedents. 'l'he des1gaated orgaDizat1ons are :required to devote the
property transferred totbem to the rehabilitation and settlement, on
the basis of need, of persons in the United states who are' survivors
of persecuted groupe.
s.
1981 would amend section 32(h)
as to dispense with the
be put to proof at
specIfic claims. The bUl would direct the ~nt of the sum' ot $1
millIon to such Grgaaizations tor the re11ef purpoees aettorth ,in ,sec
t10n 32(h). Acceptance ot payment by an orglUlU:ation would constlf,ute
a full and complete dfaChe.rge ot any and all claims 1t has othervtse
tUed under that section and would be in lieu at the allovauce at anY
such ·claims. Immed:1ately upon enactment of the b1ll, the Attoi"Dey
General would be required to cover into the Treasury for depoeit in
the War Claims Fund ~uch sums derived from ve'ted property, Dot to
exceed $1 mUliOD, as would be necesSary to provide tor the ~ents
directed by the bill.
80
present requirement that designated organizatioas
�"- 2
(
The only organi&ation the President haa designated"under
section 32(h) is the Jev1sh Restitution Successor organization (.J'BBO).
That organization tiled a total of 7,000 clams with the Office of
Alien Property, ot which it has withdrawn all but 2,200. AD .exam1Da
tion of the records ot the Office of Alien Property and thvestt.ptions
conducted inEurepe have disclosed that apprOximately 500 01' these
remaining cases, involving approxime:tiely '500,000, are tbe maximum in
which JRBO bas a possibility of obtaining return under section 32(h) 0
Whether the bill should be enacted involves questions of'
policy on which the Depar1'Auent of' Justice prefers to make no recam- "
mendation.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that there iano "
objection to the submission ot this report but that the Bureau 1s
opposed to the enactment of the bill.
Sincerely yours,
Lawrence E.. 'Wal.eh
Deputy Attoroey General
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�UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Oll'II"CE Oil' THE DEflUTV ATTORNEV GENERAL
WASHINGTON. D. C.
Honorable Carl Macy
Chairman, Committee on Foreign
Relations
United States Senate
Washington, D. C.
Dear Senator:
This is in response to your request for the views
of the Department of Justice on S. 2327, a bill tlTo amend
the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 as amended,
relative to the return of certain alien property interests."
Under the Trading with the Enemy Act as amended,
(50 U.S"C. App. 32(a) (2) (C) and (D» vested property may be
returned to individuals who were persecutees of former enemy
countries including Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania. Under·'
the International Claims Settlement Act (60 Stat. 564)
persons who are not nationals of Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania)
Germany or Japan may receive-returns of their proportionate
shares of the vested assets of an enemy corporation if 25 per
cent or more of the outstanding stock or other proprietary
interest in the enemy corporation was owned ;~.t the date of
vesting by such non-nationals. Persecuteesof these countries
are not afforded relief under this section of the Iriter
national Settlement Act.,
This bill would add a new Section 216 to Title II
of the International Claims Settlement Act to permit perse
cutees who formerly were nationals of Bulgaria, Hungary,
and Rumania to claim their proportionate shares in the vested
property of a corporation organized under the laws of any of
those countries if at least 25 per cent of the stock in such
corporation was owned by non-enemies and persecutees or if
the corporation was treated as an enemy corporation under,the
laws of ' such countries. The section would apply to property
vested under the Trading with the Enemy Act or under the
International Claims Settlement Act.
�- 2
It Has been the general policy of the United States
that the private property of victims of enemy persecution
which was seized durin8 World War II should not be retained
and used for reparations or similar purposes. While vested
property directly owned by persecutees may be returned under
existing law, indirect property interests cannot now be re
turned. This bill would eliminate this difference. The
Department of Justice supports the enactment of this legislation.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that there is
no objection to the submission of this report from the stand
pOint of the Administration's program.
Sincerely yours,
Nicholas deB. Katzenbach
Deputy Attorney General
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OREN HARRIS, Arkansas
ARTHUR G; KLEIN,New
WILLIAM ·T~ GRANAHkN
F. ERTEL;CARLYLE,'
JOHN BELL WILLIAMS, Ml~81ss1pjl
PETER ·F. MACK, JII.;
KENNETH A. ROBERTS,
MORGANM.
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SAMUEL N; FRIEDEL,
10HN 1. FLYNT, JR•• Georgia'
TORBERT H. MACDONALD,
DON HAYWORTH, MI~
ANDIIIlW SSVBNIION
KUlIT BOlICiiAllDT
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WILLIAM T.·,ux,,,u'''''tLA. , ,.
M'OROAN M.M(WI,D]~R;
HARLEY O. ST:A.GGERS.
SAMUELN. '
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63 . Adve~~: Navy, FCSC~. Sta~,
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Bu~get,
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H. R.
1567
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Adverse: Navy, FCSe, Budget.
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If compensation
Cost
Bill and author I
Agency comment
--'----- ---------- --'---- -----_._--,_._----------------,-
ifund__________ "__ $241,000 ___________ H. R. 3779
Jennings
,ons_________________________________ _
Adverse: Budget. No recommendation: State, Treas
ury, FCSC.
H. R.
9584
Ashley'
H. R. 9759
, Quigley
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Adverse: FCSC. No objection: GAO. No comment:
State, Treasury.
H. R.
9984
Phillips
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No recommendation: Justice, Treasury.
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A. Death of member of Armed A':t.~t: armistice, any'wh~re;
Forces from Herman'lor Jap'a-:'
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B. Evasion of capture by member ~of
Armed Forces for more th8.n
10 da.ys during World War Ii.
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Territory under control
of enemy 'during World
War II. '
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$1 per, day for each day' Claimant,Widow, chi;!:;'
speri~ in' danger' 'of ca.p~ ,
parents,'" '~: '~:;';:~:)(i';:~~
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D. Evasion of capture by member 9f
Armed Forces for more than
10 days during ·Korean'confUllt.
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Area in Kor~ under con
trol of Communist
forceS "arter" June' "24"
1950 an:d"i>efore,July
y$2:50?per. day, for each, day,
spent fndanger of cap
ture.'
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,Benefit p~oposed
,
Beneficiaries
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Pay~ent of claims for $1.50 per day World: W
arlI p~fs- World War II prisOners of war, widow;,chiidre'Ii,
onerofwarbene~i.ts~x~~sio,n,oftime'fOrfili~g;
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, ~"28F'1953~-;' ,11;'-;',"'"'' "": -'';C'"
E.
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F. Permit r'cfilhlg of dilllied olalrlls;'provide for ~eeoitsiderii~'
tion, hearings, and fudi~~alrevIew.
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Korean WisO~~i:sofwa~ ~hose,~!aims lw.Ye,~~~:
denied; or iiIlowe'd: for less thah $2,50 for' each
day of riapti~ity: '
"
G. Payment of qlaims for Korean prisoner of war benefits
extension of time for filing.
Korean prisoners of war; widows, children,
parents.
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I. Death, injUrrY,.a.Q-.d.r
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B. CLAIMS,
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Basis .for claim
Where and when claim
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arose
H. Death or disability of civilian
national of United States from
German action.
On high seas after Aug.
30, 1939 ,and before
Dec. 12, 1941.
. Benefit proposed
Beneficiarie;
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Up to$7;500 for 'disability' 'Disabled' 'person; , "
,or, death. "
, .widowel', ,childre~i.,
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J. Death or disability of civilian On high seas. German
national of United States from
action after Aug. 30,
German or Japanese action.
1939, and before Dec.
12, 1941; Japanese ac
tion after July 6, 1937,
and before Dec. 12,
1941.
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Disability payments. ______ ClaimanL _____ ~--.,
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War II. '
many or Japan,,;;p!'j~qjvilia.n
American nation8.ls from out
lying possessions of U~t~d"l ~i\
States still under control bf' '
United States,
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-i OF CIVILIANS
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Bill and authQr
vidow or-· Fund" to be crea:M~;~:~O~~~tiirg 91.
i,parents... -German· -.pa'y.iii.eifts'Ou;if-',ft'o1
$100,000,000 under postwarridebt;'[ j.!.:,~"
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Agency comment
H. R.
6730
Priest (by
request)
H. R. 6970
Bosch
Cost
H•.R. 6730 administration pro
posal.
l
,________,_ ·;tF..u.·':-d"'.i.~ ~!!1.creawu; f .:rt.::r lUg 0: ___________________ • H. R. 9864
. ·. n - IN ..,.,' ".:.,: ,f!...i~n
t* ~ f
. -~"; E HY Paymeritil::from ,Geniuiny;of-
Burdick
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.(A) $1,000,000,000 .under .,pOBt~
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war debt agreement.
1 $21,7;17,000 reparation; and
(Bf'
_. (C) _payments under. fu~~.t~-c ;i}j
ties.
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(2) $1,000,000,000 from forelgri~8id~,
appropnat'i<>iiJ;i ':"
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(3) $210,598;000·(profit!\"'Of'.1;Wa,r·; ..':;
'.; E>amagel:00rporatioll!;l:andi :!D; l:;~'d' .I T
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(4) appropriations, if needed.
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. iwidower;l' Wanilaims fund ___ _
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,presenta-_
H. R. '10549
Fund of $200,000,000 to be created,
consisting .-of .German payments
"
- 'tinder" postwar" debt agreement,
. an:d, r lapanese payments under
'an1\iilrhllar future treaty.
Fund to be used: ~ for claims
against Germany, 7' for claims
against Japan.
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H. R.
4274 - Btli.te, T~easury.
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H. -R;,: I' ':f590·, ..Adverse :.....FOSC,· . ·Budget\f.:·'N0'
Machrowi~ ': ; .,c- recommendation: ;State. Leg
,
. islature of Guam requests
?earings.
,.
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.:")i;·!-; ,~\
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I'i3iii
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~},~: 1';'.1 . ". , Source cif comp(lDsation1.<'·'·
bJ~{' .:~ l:~,
ana'au~hor
,;Agenc~ comment
fi~""'-~ =."'-'"~=---'-"--"- ' - ''------I----'-.-----~ -;-----. -.'-, ----~------
'.
~lhi'" War Clttims fund_ _ .~_ ~_ ~ ~ __._. ___ ,,:~: ,!(see "L'~ 'above)L,~_~ ",R',R. ',' ·1590.. (See I'V!cabcive) ,'.
(with·
:'
:. Maclirowicz
.;
~1;'in\
~j'
{~
. .'
.
..
.. ., ...•.
Su.mc __________________ " __ : __'~ _~~ .. b
..
on III
mom"
_____ -:':.:~~ _.___ :.:.~.:
',
"
.
'.
.
H. R.' ,6586: .Noopinion'on'merits: ,Justice.
McCormack
~ning
filed
~{o!e.,
not
!:fder"" ,
ctof
i
,
"
",
'.
,
;;ex't' "Same __' _: ~ ____ _ _ _____________ ~L :'No estimate{of'ccist' H:·R.'
c&n be furnished.
rsdh's
d"'be
"
#~fits'
;
."
:"
I>
.::~
~War
.,
.
:',.,.. ,
.1-'::(,
I:
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,
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pERMANY OR JAPAN
"
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7733'
Adverse:: FCSC, Budget. No
recommendation: Justice,
Huddleston
.• :. . ."StatC~; Treasury.
l
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NAL PROPERTY
Source OfC(Yinpensation'; ."~.
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Bill and ll.lithor
Cost
Agency comment
,I
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,
.. 1 . ,. ;,-·. . . --------------1-----·---·---------------
"".
r;-----·-·--------~----..,...·----.,....,..,........,..c,...,.
nals,'
War claims fund ____ _
. ! .""
J
H. R.
2233
Young~r
~ren,
fora
Adverse: FCSC, Justice. Ref
State,
erence to H. R. 6730: . . .
fials;
lited
I (3)
lized
med
i
i
.
B~dget.
I':' .;"
I by
s.
I
I,
r
l
;. '
Fund to be created: See "I" above.
Fund to include $203,000,000 pay
ments to United States from Ger
many for stu:plus property.
Reqtiireappropti1i~. 'H, R. 5840
tioh{'6f li'cit 'jeSs ; : Btifdick
th&n:~$i90;006;ooo~ . H.' ,R. 6088
..', '.. , ".. .':
'Arifuso
Ad:~rse:
I·
FCSC; JUsUce. Ref·
"erekce- ;to 'H, .
6130:' State,
'·Budge't". " .
I
11: .
I
lited
::'.'
"
Fund to be crea.ted: See "I" above __ ~ ____ ~_~~_'2: ______ ~_
als,
to"
.tes
~nt
~ls.
·R.
'n.· 986'1
BJrdi~;
,,'.
Fund to be created: SeeoH" above _____________________ H. R.
6730 H. R. 6730, Administra.tion pro
posal.
Priest (by
request)
H. R.
6970
Bosch
I'
I
.I
I
i
I
,I
I
·11
I "'
�'WA:R·~€BAI~;
,!, ',
•
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11:1 ,;;,10 'fll/; rrPT.onet
""I.'- r
.'
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bb
})~A-.l i€L~J.MSli:A.'RlSI:N;
,
,
Where,and when claim
~f;t:. arose
..J~
B8l!is for,claJm
Lt. ..... ..
#
i
'"
Benefit
,I
_
.
,
proposedq",(!~, 'i .I Yl'llJ":~
..
-
"
.
Beneficiaries 1
!
'
-----------~----------~---~--~~-~~---~~,~, ~~~~----~-~~I---~-~.~~~~----~!
M. Furnishing relicUo United StateSi\ Jln':Philippines after Dec. ,Reimbursem'enti,for,' :relieft'''Religi6u~''''organ:rzatio'
nationals from outlying p0Sses-" :~116i.'1941 and before Aug.
sions of United States still in
15, 1945.
United States control.'
'
Philippines :affiliit~:
religioq8, organiza;tii:
UnitedStatea.'"" ,.~
furnished.
I
:
J,
~
Sa:'me _ ~ __,_____________ _ Payment of, 'postwar re
placement cost of lost,
da$a.ged, or destroyed
property; reimbursement
(or: ite,lJef fur!lish~d.
.'
N. 'War damage to schools, hospitals,
and other property; furnisfiing
relief to members of Armed
Forces and civilian American
citizens.
-.
,
,
"
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,
';
"
:;;.
!:
~
..
,I
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O. Sequestmtion of accounts, ,de-: 'I:n't!'Philippines during
posits, and other credits in
World War II.
Philippines by Japanese. '
,.~
I'~
'-' "'6~t:'-2J '''i952;'''an~i 'it
i\'!,been,Hoompensat8d I
--- --. ,-soo;-7··of--War Clairrui
1~48.
,
,.'~
I. \
'.~:
Any religious organizai:
Philippines Of same (
ination as one fund:
in United States, whil.
a claim for ;benefits},
f:.,d . f~.:,.
Increase 'class of claimants
wh~ may be paid bene-
fitS.
I
"
"l',~ :,~,:'
1,',\
"
l
.... ~
l,\,;,
Brothers and sisters; aill
of kin of decJas~d8
who, if living; 'w<i[
entitled to ~olfJcrt ;(~.
under secti6n 17 d
Claims Act ~f 1948.;
"
f
B. PROPERTY CLAIMS-;
- I':.! '
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Ealiiilil for claim
)',i!'
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.
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i: 1iEAt !'OR 'PER~:
,
} ,-; ':
![(,,~~liere\a~~o~en claim
".
(Benefit proposed
Beneficiaries
----,--·----------------·--·---+!----I------~-~:--·-----------I---~,,-.------------.---------------------------,
P. Real or personal property najjon- During tOrld War II. Reimlbursement: (1) in full (1) United Sktes nat
aUzed, seized or otherwise t4ken..
~c~J;ioft ,not specified.
to )$500; ,plus (~)" %, of .
widow or widower, ell,
by Cermany.
; ';"'J;'allbwe'd'claim"over'$50ci;"'; 'p~r~nti;! ~nli -(2) ci:
,;,'1.""(
phis (3) proratadistribu
tions wholly own~'
tion of war claims fund
United Stat~s natio~
,
up; to full allowed claim.
i
Q. Real or personal property __ ~ _ ._ In areas ~nder control of
lost, destroyed or damaged in
Germa~s during World
Germany.
I
War
(1) ",'ur damage, (2) confisca
tion, or (3) nationlllizatipn.
II:
!
Pay~ent
of replacement
cost as of date of award.
!
i
li
i
(1) United States lla~
(2) heirs-atflaw of i
States natif>nals; !II
corporations, etc., org
in United States andt
over 50 pe~cent byV
"
States nationals.
'
I
Same ______ j _______ ':
R. Real or personal property ___ ~ __ _ (1) Milif;ary operations
lost,. destroyed, or da.maged in
or B~cial measures
Alhllnia, Austria, Czechilslo
after AUg. 30, 1939, and'
before·'-,Mtl-y-, 9,.·, 1945;
vak~a, Germ&ny,. -Gr~e,
Poland, or Yugoslavia.
(2) confiscation after
(1) "'n.r damage, (2) confisca
Jan. 1, 1933; or (3)
tion or special measures
nationalization dates
against property, or (3)
not specified.
un tionalization.
.!
S. Real or persOllal property _______ _ Military operations or
lost, destroyed, or damaged in
special measures after
Aug, 30, 1939, and be
Albania, Austria, Czechoslo
vakia, Germany, Greece,
fore May 9, 1945.
Poland, or Yugoslavia.
(1) war damage, (2) special
measures against proper:ty .
.,
."
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I
~\
78039-56---2
,
.
Payment: (1) In full up to
$1,000 plus (2) payments
from time to time, to a
total of $10,000, plus (3)
pro rata payments there
after on unpaid balance.
(1) United States nat;
and (2) corporatio~.,
organized in Unitedl
and owned over 50 p\'
by United States na(
l
�B. 'PROPERT¥i:\€~:Anl
, .
, ',;j
i
1.~;:REj\lLl f6R~:;PJi:iiSbi;
~!
. . -.'/4.
'Basis f9r;claim
,.~.
,
,Where ,'a~d when claim;
;:';(;,
"i'" lU'ose
Benefit, proposed . ; t.')1;,'; .~
" ,,,, '" c'
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i ,;t
Beneficiani
, f·
.'
T, Real or persqnabpropetty.!:·3~_'_~.~·., , (1) Getman .action,iafter, ' Payrrient: .(l) In fulL up' (1'~~: "United'/St'ates'
and· (2) corpora'
to'$I,OOO plus (2) pay
lost, rlestroyed, or daniaged in' , .:. Aug: laO, ,1939, and
' U(
AIl):>nia, Austria, Czecho~
before ,May 9, 1945;
ments from time to time,
organized in 11'
(2) Japanese action
and owned ov'er,~
slovakia, Germany, Greece,
to ,a total of $10,000,
P(;!r;.lld, Yugoslavia, Japan,
'after July 0, 1937, and
plus (3) pro rata payby United Siat~:
'or ·Japanese occupied·;:terri'-' ,.
before Sept, 3, 1945.
ments thereafter on un
'J "l. ;~.'
..1'.
.
tory.
'paid balance,
,.11·
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"
0) War damage, (2) special
.J
.;
measures against propert.y.
),1
"~
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.,
2. SHIPS,
CA,.i~k'
1
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t
,',
U. Ships and cargoes, lost, damaged, After Aug. 30, 1939, and Reasonable and adequate
,or:dc~,t.l'oyed by German Q-CtiOll.\.
before Ml,loy 9, 191£\,,1,,:' " nyompensation for l~sses,
·,'·t
. \
'j
;;
... " :
'1,1
Net 10HScs to.insurance .companies
from buch losses,
".:u)I,·-:d·
",q:>'!~'. :,i.l~ "h~
Ships and cargoes lost
after Aug. 30, 1939,
and before May 9,1945,
Losses from removal of. capital Removal dates not·speci
equipment from' Germany as'
fied.
reparation,
_______ Same _____ :.. _____ _____ _
i'. Same _ _ _______ _
. I"
w.
'.
,;,
.:i'·~
I
.'
,
,{
(1) United Stat!i!'
and (2),1 ,cqrp~t{.
organized ic!.t
States and oWn'\
percent by U~,
nationals.
~~
Preference to be given to
natural persons (1) over
age' 60, or (2) who have
'r
not taken Federal tax'
j.
deduction for war losses
'f
under·sec. -127 or-Internal .
"'f
Revenue Code of 19,3?t:i H I ' ! ; \ ! /,t, i ~,gJ
l
If
pa:l~eo~t,: ~iu!n ~~~l u~a~~ Sa?lr;::vli~:-;-::;;I!:,
ments from thne to time,'"
,
to a total·,. of '$10,000;;,
" ~,
plus (3) pro" rat~" p~y~ ,
'f
mep.ts"thereafter'·on' un"
paid balance .
,
,
shi~~' a!l(i:ca;goe~ lost,':d~maged,; ":Ger~an
,
__ ___ __ ___ _ Same_ _ __ ___ ,1\
action, after SamL_
01' destroyed by German or
Aug. 30, 1939, and be
Japall('se action.
fore May' 8, 1945; Jap
anese action after July
", ',:'
6, 1937, and before
';.
'j"
••.. :11'
.', ' ~ept.;3, 1~~~;,. " ".,i H,'I,
~ .Net Josses to, insurance comShips and. cargoes loSt, '
r ," :)'J ; ;~:"dJ:'"
p~nie~ from" ~qc1,1 ,),qsses,. '.1 in, "'" ·from,. G~~~~H ;i,,~~t~o,n:;
I!',; ; ,":_.-d,[~--;~~
.: ".J;" '.
,'"
'
," , ,.~fter Aqg, '3/),"'f939;'j,\
't., and
before May 9,
1945: Japanese action
after July 6, 1937, and
before Sept. 3, 1945.
Losses from removal of capital , Removal dates not speci
equipment from Germany 'fied.·'
reparation.
"
,
'as
:.'\"
~
�Source of compensation:
'fAge,ncy chmment '
•
•
-,,',
.j
-----1---,.-----------
;atiollals;" ~"Fui1Clto: be 'created: ;See/.' J'~, above~,,, _-,_,~ '___,_.i~ _~..:. :'C'_ C'~,:~, lIB: ·;11: ,,[0549;
(Jus, ,etc.;,,; ,
','
:' ,;Younger·.'
ed States.:, '\':
'.I
o percent"
~ationals.
: ~ .I"
"
ES,
:"
!4NIhR~PARATION
Fund'~ 'be cl'eated:,See, "J"aoove_______ 1- _____________ H. R.
nationals
ions" eJc."
Un'Hel
d,over 50
led
9864
r
',' "But;<Uck ,,:;.
, J
I
,!
"
,St';\~'(
.
'"
-_ .. _----- Fund,tp be created: See "H" above __
'.
,
H. R 6730, administration pro
posal.
H.R. G730
Priest (by
request)'
," ·H.',R: 6970
Bosoh;
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rt ,.• -,_
'H: R 10549'" ',.
Younger
-- .. -- ... _...
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•
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.;.
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'>11
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~ontiliile(f:·
~,
,
;;. "
,~'th~r
r;~·· .
~~~~ 'c~~pensation
.
'
"C?st
I
Bil~ and author
' , " " : 19t:~6~
~_~iri;~~_t
.r.'--'-----------. -~~-~~------ ---",--.-~ -:~~~~:~~--~:~.~~~~:-
Payments are being ________________________ ILR.. :iG9·
:'~~~:~!~~~~manrepaymen ts un der
. I.t.a!~~:,·.. ,,"
if!Sit account.
,I··
'·f;,
..
A~(v'~r~~<T~Ja~Il,I'y,.f.:~~;:.~Rj?ihlent:
.
,1,luq~e~,f: p~~~~~"F9S!1.
!,
i"'f"r,.
.
.Jconsisting of $0,000,000 in blocked _______________________ _ H.iR. 11158
Hy<,le, ,(by
~ayments by Czechoslovakia to .
;claIms.
.
req~e~,t).,
l:al.
..I
'\
j,
•
,:.;
H.' R.:p~24.
Younger (by
,request)
l,
::\r-~"---'------'----'-'----'--'-~~~-.;.;.
.,
~'.-:;.::,;;:.:....';,.:.:.=,':c!.....:.:.."-....:::.,',.;...;;...;,;,~
... ,.~.~-'----'-':;~'~:;':;"::':'~'1':''''-'-''''--'-
.,.W;;,.
...
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,
.....
.
. . . _ _ _ ._. ___ ., ..._
~
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_
.
_
.
~
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.......
-
.
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_
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_ _ " ' __
.
.
.
_
~
,
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, __ ,
_
~
~
_
•• _ . , _ . , ••• -
,
~
~
..
_ _ ' _ _ ' _ _ .. _ _ ·h'...··_
.....
i
.. -;':.c<:
.... __ ._ iB.eneficl8l'les..:_...
: ';1)r1:;$;;~ !)!~;: i~f~t'
..Benefit proposed _."
•': :.'i.'r ~~.~: ~ :\o;":'i:'; ',,~ Cl ~ j
_S'i)
:. ~ i . ~,-.; ; ," _;, ~':~; !,~" ;\6 ?':::', , ,,?.'.:j! f·~ 1 " ... ~ ~,
"h;"',H.< 1'/,
X. Payment of unpa.id portion ;ol'c.cer.ta.in'J ,<qaimantahaving :Unpaid cla.ims against Germa.ny Gerllian special def
awards ..oC,Mixedr·,ClailDB .CommjssiQ,n" ij l for World War i JOSSC/li
t
'.~"'; il!la4(\\tO. j:.l1iS;!Iocc~;·
in full up·to $15,000, with pro rata pay:
thE\ London Debt.
menta thereafter.
. '. ·':'''}-.li,'h{ f
Y. Payment for property confiscated or U:nited States nationals and corpo~ations, etc., Fund to be created,
nationalized by CzechoslQvakia, in,fulh,:. i O!ganiz.e~iiJ;l.l!U~ted S~tes "'itlw9.9;,perc.en~ or
,Cz~c.l! (unds, od
United .States for:
up :,to, $l,OOQ""plus~;poo, :rata: pay;ments~l i mor.e,o~~hip: in United States nationals. r
thereaiter on unpa.id balances.
,!. • :
,<,!cr.:':
:~r:~~'~'; .~r
:u ('."
';'H;"'1tt:1~;H
.~:':";'I~,i,,;,,'fi·T :!!":':r~iYll,"}~: ;.:./~
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"',Ii,,;'t,
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,,,~ ...
f)·':.-l:·: !fl" ~:. ,t:j .;. '.' l',':'
i1~', ,~~,~~
>i·'
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RETU.. RN!~OR'N.1
.
""',"'-.
..
,
I. SELEc1
1:).',
Categories
Returnees
Condit'
____________ __---'~--.------~--~-.~'~<. ~----.------~--------------,--____ I~,,:~~;~~,\_~--~~'.
'_' . ofproperty
.
;\. Property allquiredbygift or Inheritance froman,
, American citizen,: or .amother who *as.an"
American citl~en:' 'the' timei'll her marflil;g~;
Gitizens or nationals of Germany or Austria_ _ No return to fi
at
ro~percent lihii:
Claims of Ame:
, paid from vi·
n.
l'ayments, or right to receive paYlHents,:'u'lliler' , Uni'ted States citizen grantor of trust; of his
trust established before Dec. 7, 194'l,f.or,tiiihe:::,'
Iluccessor in interest or legal representative.
fit of a citizen subject of Germany, Au~~da, oi'
Japan.
'." \ " « . '
C. Property acquired .by .gift or inheritanc.e from an
American citizen, or a mother or grandmoth~r
who was an American citizen at the time of her
'1 ________
~_
,'.
Citizens .or.ootionals. of G!'lrmany or Aust,rilL _ No return to [,
lO-percent lim;
m~rrij!.ge.
D. Vested property \vhere succcs.~or in interest does
not have enemy status.
Successor in interest of owner at time of vesting, if successor is otherwise eligible for
t:eturn.
E. Vested property of persolls now United States
citizens,
Cla.imant who, since vesting .of property, has
acquired United Stat'es citizenship.
! ____________ ,
II. GEN1:
A. LIMIT!'
Categories of property
Returnees
c
Natural persoll!! ___ _
No return to )
prom ised 00:'
Communist i
war crimes.
Nonprofit corporations operated for char
itable, religious, or educational purposes.
No return to c~
Jlluuil:)t contr(
Trademarks, trade names, and right-s and inter
ests with respect thereto.
Corporafions, partnerships, and other un
, incorporated bodies.
Certai 11 specifil~
turned. No:
tinder Comrri
,\11 copyrights (with exceptions) divested ___ " __ .
All claima.nts __
No limitation"
F. All veiited property, to maximum of $10,OOO,pcr
person. No return of (1) certain looted secu
rities; (2) motion-picture prints i (3) PI'i:ents;
(4) certain property subject to transfer to t}j:e
Philippine Republic; (5) property involved in
\ntercustodial agreements.
.
All vested property, without limit
exceptions above.
011
value, with
�...
I
,;(
RG---
l.
f
,
';J.;~;' P~P~RTY
VEilETURN
",.
".'
IlS
'
and limitations
~~~
llet'
'Bur and author' ..
Coat
Agency comment
______-.:.__ _ ____ ~_~,:,,;2~~ _______
Nazis.. _.
At least $78,850,000 ... _. H. R. 2102.,.
ition on attornej"s'(ecs.
Adverse: Justice.
"No,<iomment-: FOSC., ' .
Referenoo;t6-H. ·Ri' 67aO':'oBll'dget. '"
'j'.
lana against GermaIlY to be
.
;cd property.
,.'.':,:.
________ ~ __' $49;OOO;OOO~t~_:: __~.)_~·j;~ "'H;~li'.'2i3Ih"
,
.
,;.,' ,,'
"";'Htestsnd ,;
Adver8e~i Justiee~,
Rereretioe~1,o
,.:C,',
H:'.R.-6730: FCSC,rBudgeti
:: ;;.:
'merN azi~.".~
7 7 '.7 - -
" 7 __ '
-.
At.J!l~.S~ $78,~50,~OQ 'O·'~
,fl..
J;t.·,Jt2.4.~.= . _=,. .
..
Bosch
atioH on attorney's fees.
:, ~;, ";':.ff1
A<i.:v.e.r§e.: Ju_stic~1..Bu.dgeL,
. '
Reference to H. R. 6730: State;
No comment: Trea.sury.
H. R. 5098 .. _ No comment: State, Treasury.
Kilburn
H. R. 10889,_
Young
RAL RETURN
D IN AMOUNT
,nditions n nd limitations
l
rSOllS who (1) have settled or COlll
i.in claims; (2) are in areas under
ntrol; or (3) have been convicted of
Cost
Bill and author
H. R.
6730
Priest (by
r~quest)
Ii.
porations located ill areas under Com
1.
tradell'.ll.rks, etc., are not to be re
return to corpora.tions located in areas
nist control.
.
d
R.
6970
Bosch
Agency comment
H. R. 6730, administrat,ion proposal.
�Page 7
ROPERTY:-£ontinued
.. i:
,.,~, ~:...'
',
J~ ~.:
'::,',' "
,'.:.
-"",
URN,"""Continued
• .
" ..
" ",'.
;~,'!
~
.~
~,
N AMOUNT
'onsand limitatioll8 .
Bill'l;tnd author I,
Cost
Agency comment
Ir--------------------------I
Ii:;::
:etsons in communist-dominated •Would require appropna
it.
5840' Adverse:. Justice, FCSC. Reference to
J; crhhinals; (8) to owner if pr6p-' .:' tions'ofnot'less than' . c',Blifdi'6k":
H. R.. 6730: State, Budget, Treasury.
... f '"':
"by an9ther government; (4) of
$190,000,000.
transfer to Philippine Republic.
i'property may be sold to United
\1' proceeds returned in lieu of
dar y'ear shall not exceed actual
hat y~'ar of war damage claims of
"~i~ provided for in bill.
f~r n6 ;ettirri to 'ci£h.eri!:roi:sub~
b.tU provislori$' hav'e'been' 'Iiliiae
"!t/R;60sf';:
;
ain (;lerman obligations.,
. i
. .
".
.
'~i
'Anf{i's'it :
(See"G" above.)
~
H: it· ' :;~:i8e4
Btitaiik ; .
:: . ",::
'~ho--(l) have settled ~r cofu~
ims; (2)' are in are'as under Com~
have been convicted of war
all categories in' any calendar
aet'Ual p'aym'ents made in that
,. s United States nationals'
of
"
h
,;
tig~s,in areas under Communist
.....
i "
re
enlarks, e~C:., 'are' '~lot to b~'
:to corporutions, etc., located in
nist ,control.
;."
';'
';
':,
:
nts of East Germany or the resi
'g as it or the recipients remain
tion or control.
.
','.~'
I' ';:;':
H.J.,·Res.264, ,Adverse: Staie" Budget, Treasury,
Morga.n
LFCSC.
H. J. Res. 265
Pilcher
H. J. Res. 268
Rivers
H. J. Res. 272
Hays
�'~
"
,
,.'
"'~ARCHI\lES\
REPRODUCED AT ~~?9~----,,"
.-....---
B. UNLIMITEI
,Condi
Categories of property .
"" ,;:
G. All vested property without limit on value, pro
ceeds thereof, and income therefrom.
Natural person, firm, trust, association, or
corporation, or successor in interest.
,
';',;
No return: (1) to'
countries; (2ftO' ,
erty will be seiii
. .' : prop~rty: ;,subject t.
-~~
.: , . {
\".;;
If in national interef
States citi~eris~' R
property. "'","
Returns in any ca.h
payments maci:~fIi
United States naili
Sam:e;' pIts' pr6'vislol
, lecta bf Germany:
.." for settlement. of (IE
" r- .;,
~.'
I. All vested property without limit on value. No
return of (1) certain looted securities; (2)
motion-picture printS; (3) patents; (4) certain
property subject to transfer to the Philippine
Republic; (5) property involved'in iIitetcuEl:'
todial agreements.
~.:
Natural persons _________________________ No return to person
promised certain ci
munist control; 01
crimes. Returns i
",' '
":Vear IIhali ndt' 'eXCE
,'. ' y~ar'ofwardaIDag:
provided for in bili
~
Same_ _ ___ ___ __ ______________________ _____ N oz;profit corporations operated for char
itable, religious, or educational purposes.
;.:
Trademarks, trade names, and rights a.nd inter
ests with respect thereto.
Corporations, partnerships, and other un
incorporated bodies.
'{!} ,
No return to! corpot.
control.'
'
..'.~
',.;
t. Y
.7.
•
,-,'
;:t 1
,
Certain specified trf
turned. No retm
areas under Comn
"'.~
.I~
All copyrights (with exceptions) divested _______ All claimants ___________________________ No limitation __ .:~i::~,
J. Amounts equal in value to all property and Any citizen or subject of Germany or Japan,
or any corporation or association organinterest taken by the United States si'uceDec. '
18MOH,
ized under the laws thereof.
"
,
t,
"
"
1'l'Q,payments, to reflk
dents thereof so 10
under Soviet domii
�"
,
'. .
_
".'
~
-.~·l-·~~-,·'
~~-~
:-"
RET'URN)OF: 'VE8TEI'
PageS
.•.'~ .. ' ,.' '.'" ..... ; , :
,', .. t
III. ADMINISTRATION OF 'T!
Proposal
-.-'-'
'K~
Permit'sale of vested property in time of war or na.tional emergency H. II
~t~out regard to litiga~ion to, estl,l:bJish, rig~t, title, or !nterest
, I
tli.ei,ein. Claimants, entitl~d to, proceeds ofs3,le; or ,just 'compensa-, H.B
tion.
oi
;
.
H.B
, i.
(by!
H.
n'
E
L. 'EI\ininate, requirement that Office of Ali~n. Prope~y,.,·pass i upon" H;:1;
,,
reas()I;ul.blehesHof attorriey'sfees. ExistinglOperceI\~~iiing"r~t~,fn,~!i.,; ;'(, r;~
M. Remove from debt claims payable, all nonpriority Clil.i~18:i~~s~d;~il
"U1j,
,obligations .of foreign governments and all claimB',basedon obliga
tiriri.~ ,El?,;presSed or payable iri any ciiirenc~ '~ther .than cu~n~y pf
the United Sta.tes or Philippines.
'
,F,
,;
N. Auth!>rlzesAttorney General to dispose of ~e~aini~g,assets ~eiz~d'
under the Tra~ing With the Enemy Act before, D~c. ,18, ~94;1."
'. ;);~iE;'
':iI::ii;
~;
H;Ri
,)~;
O. Authorize settlement of claims of the Jewish Restitution Successor
Organization f9r heirless property. Minimu.!ll of :$2,090,00,0, maxi~
'I!' :i."
mum of $4,00(),OOO.·
H. R!
P. Authorize settlefuent of claims of the Jewish Restitution Suceess6r
, Organization f~r heirless propert,y. Minimum of $2,000,000, maxi
of $3,600,000.
'
,
'
H.'R,'
~:
;
:lul\
Wal
mum
.,: 1
, •
1'..;
~. I: '"
',_,
i"
l
i
�~ 7r~
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."
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,
,
~.
~RdPERTy-i~·,~~ntilill~d;;'
fir-
t • .~
'_'~,;~,r;' . . '
,
~.~
'DING" '\VITiI' THE 'ENEMY ACT
~:\ ..': :":" .
~?e.uthor
l':t
I"~
,-
Agency comment'
!'.
.',
80
~:e
Favorable: Justice, State; Treitstiry,
,
r,3608,
,
'.
Budget.
.:
j. "
,~ .~
'/
.'
;:
','.
"
~rien
"
.
~,j) tJ7:lS' .H. R.'6730administration proposal.
'est
('I
. '.
I
;
'
quest)",
~ 6970'
~h
)}:, : ."
F,I)864-,
~Ck.;,.,l;
ii, 3~60
,.
I
I.
A,d~inistrilticlnproposal (oompani.on bilt,R 1146, amended, P&B8ed Senate
," Mar: 19, 1956).
.~
t~ 3~62
Administration proposal.
'est
;
~;
,.,
".
t.: •
.~}
~:'
,
~, 6909
·r.f;~
H, R. 6909 administration proposal (companion bill, S. 2226,.amellded,i,
,
passed Senate May 21, 1956).
.:: ~
::V;;
,'~
. '.'
'.,\
":
.,
i,
\ .
"
, :1
I (by
i'.ut)
l' ,
, 6971
¥,lh
... ; '
'1
~ 9972
~in.
T~easury, no comment.
:. :t,'
'!
9973
rton
, ,'\
�·
..
~""J. ~i' ~
-.' ..-_.'-' ... ---- -
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�Calendar No. 618
SENATE
83DCONGRESS
18t SeS8ion
- >{>
REPORT
No. 617
PAYMENT OF CERTAIN PRISONER-OF-WAR CLAIMS
J~LY 23 (legislative day,
Mr.
DIRI(SEN,
JULY
6), 1953.-0rdered to be printed
from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted
following
RE
th~
ORT
[To accompany S. 2315]
The Committee on the Judiciary, to which was referred the bill
(S. 2315), to authorize payment of certain war claims, having con..;
sidered the same, reports favorably thereon, vyith an amend ll1 ent, and
recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass.
AMENDMENT
On page 1, line 4, strike the figure "$60,000,000" and insert in lieu
thereof "$75,000;000",
-
.The purpose of the proposed amendment is to raise the ceiling on
the amount of funds authorized under this act in order to be certain
that the War Claims Commission is able to complete pa;yment to
eligible claimants.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the proposed legislation, as amended,is to provide
funds- for the immediate payment of claims- (1) of American military
personnel for compulsory >labor performed and inhumane treatment
suffered by such personnel while prisoners of the enemy during World
War II,. and (2) of certain religious organizations for property de..
stroyed or damaged and serv:ices rendered to American prisoners,
STATEMENT
The War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, authorizes _the War.
Claims Commission to pay certain claims of American citizens and
American religious organizations arising out of World War II. '1'he
fund~ for the payment of these claims are ge,rived from the liquidat~on
of allen propertIes vested under the prOVISIOns of the Tradlllg WIth
- -2GOOG
�2
PAYMENT OF CERTAIN PRISONER OF WAR CLAIMS
the Enemy Act and paid to the War Claims Commission under the
provisions of section 39 of said act, which provides: ,
No property or interest therein of Germany, Japan, or any national of either
such. country vested in or transferred to any officer or agency of the Government.
at any time after December 17, 1941, pursuant to the provisions of this Act,
shall be returned to former owners t.hereorOr their successors in interest, and
the United States shall not. pay compensat.ion for any such property or interest
therein. The net proceeds remaining upon the complet,ioll of administ,ration,
liquidation, and disposit,ion pursuant to ttl,e provisions of this Act of any such
property or interest therein shall be covered into the Treasury at the earliest
practicable date. Nothing in t,hi~ section shall be conRt.rued to repeal or other
wise affect the operation of the provisions of section 32 of this Act or of the
Philippine Property Act. of 1946.
Section 13 (a) of the War Claims Act of 1948, which established the
War Claim.s Fund, provides:
'
.
There .is hereby created on the books of the Treasury of t.he United States
a trust fund to be known as the "Var Claims Fund. The War Claims Fund shall
consist of all slims covered into thc Treasury pursuant to t.he provisions of section
39 of t,he Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, as amended. The
moneys in such fund shall be available for expenditure only as provided in t.his
Act or as may be provided hereafter by the Congress.
",To date, transfers han been made by the Department of Justice to
the War Claims :F'und in the amount of $150 million, and some of the
claimants baye been paid frolf!. that fund. This $150 million \vmcb
\vastransferred under the authorization of former Attorneys General
who purported to act under the authority of the Trading With the
Enem.y Act has been found to have been in excess of the free balances
it vailaole after com.pletion of the administration, liquidation, and dis
position of alien property and the resolution of contests concerning
these properties. Howeyer, payments have been made to eligible
clailP.ants under the War Claims Act of 1948, but many awards
remain to be satisfied because of the lack of available funds with which
t9 pay the claims.
'..
.
. The' Department of. Justice, recognizing that free balances were
unayailable for transfer to the War Claims Fund from the liquidation
of alien property under the law, has been forced to refuse the request
for the advance of additional funds to the War Claims Commission for
the completion of the remabing payments to deservin.g prisoaers of
war and other eligible claimants.
.
The War Claims Commission has estimated that an additional
$pO million will be required to pa,y all the cl~ims presently authorized
by law ... Testimony ind:cates, however, that an additional $15
Iilillion may be necessary in order to complete payment to eligible
d,Q.imants under th!;l War Claims Act of 1948. Consequently, the
bill.has been amended so that the ceiling will not prove inadequate.
, Since the testimony before the subcommittee investigating the
Office of Alien Property indicates that free balances from the alien
property funds are not available (or the payment of claims adainst
the war claims fund, the conllllit~ee feels that the proper solution
is to authorize theappl'opriat,ion of the necessary inoneyswith an
appropriate provision for reimbursement of the Treasury as free
balances become available from the liquidation of properties held by
the .Alien Property Custodian. The Congress has already agreed
.that prisoners of war and others nre entitled to receive payments as
aresult of their imprisonment by the enemy during the Second World
War. Some of these deserving claimants have received their Cbmpen
�PA:YMEN~ 'OF 9ERTArN ..PRISONER
OF
WAR CLAIMS
:3
sation, but others have not been able to secure payment for the lagk
of funds; The obligation of providing compensation to those who
suffered' while imprisoned by the enemy is, in the opinion of the com..:.
mittee, one of the strongest moral obligations which the United Sta,tes
has undertaken, and the Congress should spare .noeffort in seeing 'to
it that the remaining persons receive the compensation so justly due
them. In the belief that the method provided for. in this legislation
is the most expeditious ahd fairbiethod of discharging this obligation,
the committee recommends favor,able consideration of this legislation.
. Attached to this report is the report ·of the War Claims Commission
on another bill desi~ed to enable payment of these claims; which
sets forth the situatIOn confronting the War Claims Commission at
the present time.
.
\VAR Cr,AIMS COMMISSION, .
Washington 26, D. C., JU,,!,8 8, 1968.
Hon. Wrr,LIAM LANGER,
Chairman, Committee on the Judi(Hary,
.
United States Senate, Washington 25, D. C.
My DEAR SENATOR LANGER: Further reference is made to your lettor of MIl.y
20, 1953, requestinp a report by the 'Var Claims CommisRion on S.·1765,83d
Congr.ess, entitled.' A bill to !Jmend section 39 o( the Trading With the Enemy
Act of October 6, 1917,.a,s amended."
' , ' .'.
. . ,".
The purpose of the bill is,to authorize and direct the ,Department of'Ji,wtice;
act.ing through the Custodian of Alien Prop~rty, to cover intC', the Tleasln'v of the
United Sta,tes for deposit into the War Claims Fund, created by section .13 (a) of
the War Claims Ac'<, of-1948,' a sum not in excess of S60 million, which shall be in
addition.to the stim of'S150 million heretofore covered into the TleaSljry of. the
,United States by the Alien Property Cuotodian (Office of Alien Property). . The
bill further provide, that such action shall be taken immediately upon enactment
of the bill.
.
This purpose would be accomplished by the addition of a proviso at the end of
section 39 of the Trading With the. Enemy Act of 1917, as amended. ' . . ....
'. III effect, the bill would suspend to idimited extent the requirement ill section .
39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended, quoted below, that
befor(i'funds can' be covered into the-Treasury by the Department of Ju:;tice for
deposit in the WarClaims FUn<:l,l>uch funds shall be "net proceeds rel11aining
upon. the. completion of administration, liquidation, and disposition of vested
.
...
.
Ge:nnar),.and Japanese propel ties."
. Section ~9,of the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended,wa. added
to thlitact bysection 12 of the War Claims Act of 1948 (62·Stat. 1240, 50 U. S. C.
'.
App;'2001 et seq.) a.<; amended, and provides in pertinent part:·
"No property of interestther~in of Germany, Japan, or any national of either·
such country vested in or transferred to any officer or agency of. the Government
at any.time after Decembcr 17, 1941, pursuant to the provisions·of this 'Act, snall
be rctur'ncd to former owners thereof or their successors in interei3t, .and the. United
States shall not pay compensation for any such property or interest therein .. rhe
net proceeds,remaining lipon the completion of administration, liquidation, Il.nd.
disposition pursuant .to the provisions of this Act of any such property or interest
therein shall' be covered 'inte the Treasury at the earliest practicable datI:'. N.oth~
ing in this section shall be. construed to l'epeal6r otherwise affect the operation
of the proVisions of section 32 of this' Act. or of the Philippine Property Act of.
1946."
' . ' .
. . • . .'
.
Section 13 (a) of the War Claims Act of 1948 provides: . •
..
"There .is hereby created on the oooks of the Treasury of the United States
a trust fund to be known as the War ClaimsFund.T'he War Claims Fund
shall'consist of all sums covered into the Treasury pursuant to the provisions
of section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, as amen!'1ed,
The n;lOueys in such fund shall be available for expenditure only' as provided iIi.
this Act .oras may be provided hereafter by the Congress."
.
The War· Claims Act of 1948'further provides that moneys in the War Claims
Fup.d snaH'be 'available for payment .of sev,eral categ~ries of claims as follows:
�4:
PAYMENT OF CERTAIN PRISONER OF WAR CLAIMS
. (1) Claims for wages due certain employees of contractors with the. United
States for the period during which they were missing from their employment
due to t,he belligerent action of, or detention by, the enemy (sec. 4 (a» •..
(2) Claims for the reimbursement to the contract employees mentioned above,
of moneys paid by them in settlement of loans extended by the Department of
State for the purpose of paying expenses of repatriation and other items' (sec.
4 (b) (2).
.
(3) 1'he reimbursement to the Department of State of the amount of the
unpaid loans, described in (2) above and section 13 (d).
(4) Claims for detention benefits of American civilian citizens who were in
terned bY or went into hiding to avoid capture by, the Japanese at certain
designate d places in the Pacific (sec. 5 (a) to (e)).
.
(5) Claims for injury, disability, or death sustained by persons described in
(4) above, while detained by, orin hiding from the Japanese (sec. 5 (fl).
.
(6) Claims of members of the Armed Forces of the United States who were held
prisoner of war by any government during World War II, for the failure of the
enemy to provide them a quantity and quality of food as required by the Geneva
Convention of July 27, 1929 (sec. 6 (a) to (c»).
(7) Claims of certain religious organizations in the Philippines, affiliated with
religious organizations in the United States, for reimbursement of relief furnished
by them in the Philippines to members of the Armed Forc!?s of the United States
and to American civilian citizens during World War II (sec. 7),
The claims described in (1), (2), and (5) above are administered by the Bureau
of Employees' Compensation, Department of Labor). these described in (4), (6),
and (7) above are administered by the War Claims vommission.
.
On April 9, 1952, Public Law. 303, 82d Congress, was approved. This act
amended the War Claims Act of 1948 to provide for the recognition of t~o addi
tional categories of claims, both payable out of the War Claims Fund, namely:
(1) claims of members of the Armed Forces of the United States who were detained
by the enemy during World War II for the violation of their rights' urider.the
Geneva Convention with respect to humane treatment and with respect to work
performed by them, and (~) claims of religious organi~IloWms in the Philippines,
affiliated with religious 'organizations in the United States for postwar replace
ment cost of their property in the Philippines used in connection yiith their
educational, medical, or welfare ·work. These claims are adjudicated. oy the
War Claims Commission.
.
.'
".
.
... . .
Follo\\ ing the actiyation of the' War Claims Commission in September 1949
the Corr.mi5sion estimated that the sum of approximately $150 million would be
required to pay claims authorized by Public Law 896, S,Oth Congress, and the
admini3trative expenses connected therewith. The Custodian of Alien Property
pointed out that section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act authori;,jes the
covering into the Treasury only the net proceeds of vested property h:iriuiining
upon the completion of administration,liquidation,. and disposition .pursuant to
the provisions of the. Trading With. the Enemy Act of 1917,. as amended. He
further stated that a reasonable constru'ction of section 39 .would preventco'vering
into the Treasury of any sum exceptthe.proceeds of vest cd assets completely
administered, .which then were estimated to be $25 million.. .
... •
. It was then determined that since pursuant to. section 5 (b) of the Trading With.
the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended, the President had authority. thrqugh his
desigr,l!l.te to determine the national interest of the'United States in the use of.the
vested assets, sums might be :transferred from time to time in the total am9unt of
$150 million to the War Claims Fund, with the understanding t.hat. the Bureau
of the Budget would support remedial legislation in the event any part of the
$150 million should be needed to pay claims for return or other approved demands
\lpon the vested property.
. . ' .'
.
The Department· of Justice, through the Assistant Attorney General in charge
of Alien Property, with the approvl~l of the Director, Bureau of the Budget;
covered into the Treasury fr.om time to time, upon the req\lest of th ll War Claims
. . . .
Oommission, fqndsin. the total amount of $150 million..
. In 1952, when the hills which upon enactment beqame Public L~w 30~, 82d
Congress,.were under consideration by the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce,' House of Representatives, testimony was offered that at least $3&
million of the $150 million available to the War Cls.ims Fund could be applied
on the cost o'f the pending )egishtion, then .estimated as possibly$.108 million ..
F,urther testimony was offered that additional net proceeds of vested.asse.tsof
GermB.ny and. Japan. and their nationals would ultimately be $124,800,000.
This figure included $30' million which was necessary to complete the $150
�PAYMENT OF CERTAIN PRISONER OF WAR CLAIMS
5
million deposit. This $30 million was subsequently deposited. (P. 179, Hear
ings Before Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Repre
sentatives, 82d Cong., on bills to amend the War Claims Act and the Trading
With the Enemy Act.)
As steps were taken to initiate the adjudication program pursuant to Public
Law 303, 82d Congress, the War Claims Commission recognized that the Depart
ment of Justice has m!tde no specific commitments to coverfunds into the Tre'1snry
for the War' Claims' Fund beyond the $150 million. The Commission considered,
therefore, that sound ariministration required appropriate steps should be taken
to secure assurance that the necess!try additional funds would be available when
needed to pay the new category of claims. Mter conferences with the pertinent
officers of the Department of Justice and the Director of the Office of Alien
Propertv, the Commission was advised that no further funds would be deposited
in the War Claims Fund, except pursuant to specific congressional authoriz'ttion;
that moneys presently in its custody cannot be, from a strictly accounting bs,sis,
considered to be "net proceeds," and that a greater rigk attaches to transferring
funds from a diminishmg reserve.
The Commission, has been advised, .however, that the cash: position of the
Office of Alien Property is approximately $130 million.
'
The Commission has paid 61,985 claims pursuant to Public Law 303, 82d
Congress, as of May 22, 1953, in the sum of $40,541,522.63. No additional
money remains available for payment of Public Law 303 claims. The above
payments have been made from the $150 million deposited and from funds not
required for the payment of claims pursuant to Public Law 896, 80th Congress,
prior to the act of April 9, 1952.
However, the attention of the committee is invited to the fact that payments
under Public Law 303 have only been made to prisoner-of-war claims for com
pensation on account of inhumane treatment and compulsory labor. These
claims were given priority in payment by section (g) of section 2 of Public Law
303, 82d Congress;.which provides:
"The Commission shall expedite the payments under this section without
reducin~ payment of claims of American civilian internees and prisoners of war
filed before March 31, 1953, pursuant to the provisions of sections 5 and 6 of this
acc."
,
Awards have been made to religious organizations for property loss and damage
in the amount of $4,360,882.72. Payment, however, is being withheld on these
awards due to the lack of sufficient funds to meet the payment of claims of civilian
internees and prisoners of war.
'
To summarize, payment of additional claims of prisoners of war has been
discontinued, and, as stated above, payment is not being made on awards to
religious organizations pursuant to Public Law 303, 82d Congress.
The War Claims CommiSSion, in view of the foregoing, recommends favorable
consideration of S. 1765, 83d Congress, or legislation which would accomplish
the purpose of S. 1765.
Sincerely yours,
DANIEL F. CLEARY,
Chairman, War Claims 'Commission.
o
�Public Law 211 - 83d Congress
Chapter 344 - 1st Session
S. 2315
AN ACT
All 67 stat. 461.
To amend section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6. 1917,
as amended.
Be it enacted by the Se7wte and House of Representative8 0/ the
United Sta.te8 o/America in O«ngre88 assembled, That section 39 of
the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, is
amended by inserting "(a)" after "SEC. 39." and by adding at the end
thereof the following new subsection:
"(b) The Attorney General is authorized and directed, immediately
upon the enactment of this subsection, to cover into the Treasury of
the United States, for deposit into the War Claims Fund, from property vested in or transferred to him under this Act, such sums, not to
exceed $75,000,000 in the aggregate, as may be necessary to satisfy
unpaid awards heretofore or hereafter made under the War Claims
Act of 1948. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the
Attorney General such sums as may be necessary to replace the sums
deposited by him pursuant to the foregoing sentence."
Approved August 7, 1953.
62 stat. 1246.
50 USC app. 39.
War Claims Fund.
Sums for
deposit.
.
62 stat. 1240.
50 USC app.
2001 note.
��830 CONGRESS
1ST SESSION'
S.2315
IN THE SENA1'E Olf THE UNITED STA'fES
JULY 7 (legislative day, JULY 6), 1953
Mr.
DIRKSEX
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred
to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To authorize payment of certain
,"val'
claims.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa
2
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 That there are hereby authorized to be appropriated such
4 sums, not to exceed $60,000,000 in the aggregate, for credit
5
of the War Claims Fund, established by section 13 of the
6
'Val' Claims Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 1240), as amended, to
7 satisfy awards made under that Act.
S
SEC. 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to
9
the contrary, a sum equal to the amount expended under the
10 appropriation authorized by the first section of this Act, shall
11 be deducted from the net proceeds remaining upon.
I
COID
�..
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-"",..,'
2
1 pletion of the administration, liquidation, and disposition pur
2
suant to the' Trading With the .Enemy Act of 1917, as
3 amended, of any property or interest therein. Such sum shall
4 be covered into the General Fund of the Treasury~
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. REPRODUCEDATTHE.NATIONA:~I~:S.:
~
.President todq
s~4
Succee.H:lor Reliet Oi'gamaEitrion
iew York, to rocQ:1,ve unels.~ed
S(h~utf1(m
Act.
which i0 h3lti
btY
orde~ authon~1Qg
an exeeutiva
(J~RO),
the .Jewli!Jh
a cbaritable mmbershlp orgaiaiza1>!on ot
prope:vtw of Qertain
~he Att~$'Y
Cle:ael'&].
deeft~ed
t'l.nwrr Ute
N'~i
victims of
~e.aing
pel"'"
witbthelSneuw
'the ~as1mmtf$ action watt ~QI!Irt ~au~t to l"l1t1l1c -~1I 626, 83d e01'!~Ii$.lI
APPl'~V9d AU{$l.\6:t
23 J 19,J;t"
retwrn eoollW' pi'cperty DiaM during 'fIQrid War' tx ·in oasee WbM't) th9 owneu!$ of
t.he pro-pGrtr 'OOl.e~d to grQupb vh1eh W01'8 p$1"secuted by the Naiifi G..ovGmLl'Jlent
Or'
the
gova1"'n~nts (If
other world 'War II ei'laR\V countriea.lf ouch ownmre have
died, the Attorney Gana1"almq
:.tnst~ces,
m~
returns to '\heir hairs.
~Q~ver,l
1n eo.r.oo
tbe seized pl'c-perty isunel.ahstad, beeatul$ tibe.rean no sumViz:'!g hsif's.
Jub1.i() Law 626 au,t_beo t_tr~.~t$r at $U~ "heirles&tJ 'p#Qperty to ·~ne 'r.fi .
tnOFa ,A~.erio&ll· ch.a~'1t$b1e org•.1zat:i,Olls &~gj:lgnated
th!!l ,:r:·ehabi.litat1tm
UV11ted Staif.'1ls ",fho
sn.deettlenwnt, on the basis
tarO,
bJ
of
the ip.N914~nt' t~
U@'
need:,ofP4l.rsQn&il~
'tlle
ilt
surV'i:V:QlrS .01 persecuted groups.•;
Public l.£w 626 10 eim:i.ler to M:Ui tozy
GovonlmGn~
Law 59 Which was put intG
effeet in the United States Zone Of Ocoupied '~1n 1947.' tfnder t~ p:rogj'sm
made possible qy l.tmr
S'9,
pet'soetitlon was tumfl\d
mAQtl@
suc.b victims.
lmc14~d property
QVe)i'
of decl;)ssed .tew!s!l· victims e£ ~~s1
to ~$I) to be devoted. to th& r~~iet Gt the~wvfvQrs
JftSQ', wh.ieh
W6$ .
t cup-doc 1a
groups in M\!,s ¢ount17 :in aa.tinipat1on of IJm
i9h7b.r1ead~Jew1&b
59.
,~
_ltv/,\)
an f&~llentll!'e"o~(l:J.n
�datFfU.t1 out thatpt~am.
~QGident
ta~1
626.
mo's wOl'k in Qe~ bQSeClUiiW~d 1.t
to the
f'Or desl~tiol'l to c~ Gut} sindlar \rotk in· ~ co.mti'y ufldei' pijblle
�,,
, ONAl ARCHIVES,
REPRODUCED A: THE NAil , _
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1 \{,
~<>
vVt~'
83D CONGRESS
~d8e88ion
} HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'l'~VES '{', N!.E~~
AMENDING SECTIONS 32 'AND 3~3 OF 'l~HE TRADING WITH
THE ENEMY ACT
J U~y 22, 11)54:-Committed'to 'the:Co~mittee of the Whole House' on' th~' S~a:te'
of the Union and ordered'. to ·I?ejirillt~d.
'·,i
:,
,Mr.
from the, Oommit.tee on Interstat.e nud Foreign,
Com!p.el'ce, submit,ted the following
HINSHAW,
,
,
REP,"--,
()-R"T
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[To accou;pany S. 2420]
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"
The Committe~oll Interst'ate and Foreiiw Commerce, tq, whoni
was,referred the bill (S.,24;20), to amend the Tradin~With the Enemy
Act, having~ consid,erod ,the Sttme, report, favorably thereon wIt.h
an amendment and.recommend that the bill ~samen,ded do P\\ss. '.'
Tho amendment IS as follows: '
' ,"
'
That section 32 of the Trading With the -Enemy Act ofO,ctober 6; ,1917' (40 .
Stat. :Hl), as amended, is he,r(lby further amended by,adding at the end thereof
the following subsection:
.'
,
"
".. _
'
"(h) The PI:esident I'i-uiy' ,designate one or more oi-ganizations as successors in"
interest to decea,,~ed' persons ,who, -if alive, wo'uld be eligible to 'receive ;returns"
under the provisos of subdivision (e) or (D) of subsection' (a) (2) therc,of. - An,
organization so designated shaH ,be deemed a slIccessor in interest by operation
of law for the purpose of slibsectioll (a) (1) hereof. Retul'll may,.be made, to an
organization so designated/(a)beforetl1e expiration'of two years from the vesting
of the property or interest in ,question, if the President or :such officer or agency
as he may designate determines from all relevant facts.of '",hich lids then ,advised
that there is no basis; for reasonable ,donbt that' the former owner ,is dead' alld '
is survived by no person ,eligible under section 32 to claim as successor iil interest
by inheritance, devise'- or bequest; and (b) aft):lr the expiration o'f'such' ti'me,if,
nO claim for the retlim of the property or iuterest is, pelldin'g: Totar retJirils .
pur~uant,to this subsection shall not exceed $3,000,000.
,,' ". '
" No return may be made to an organization, "0 designated unless it file~' ~lotice :
of claim before the expiration of on~ ;year froUl the effective date of this Act and.
unless it gives firm and responsible ,assurance ai)proved, bythe,Presideilt that· (i)'
the property or' interest' retufnedto it or the proceed;; of any such property or,
interest 'will be 'used 011 the' basis of lIeed in the rehabilitation and settlement of '
persoml in the United States who suffered substantial depri\'atiol\of liberty"or
failed to enjoy the full ~ights of citizenship within the, meaning of subdivisions'
(C) and (D) of subsection'(a) (2) here'6f;' (iiJ it will trallsfer, 'at any time' withiu
two' years from the tinle that :r:eturn is lnade, such property: or· interest or ',t,he '
equivalent value t,hereof to: any person' whom the Pre3ident,.or such officer :or
agency shall determin() tobe'eligible' under section 32,~oJclaiI,1I.as ONflWr· 01' .RllC- ,
42006
�REPRODUCED AT THE
2
NAT10N'::..A~CH1VES'
AMEND THE TRADING' WITH THE ENEMY ACT
'
ce~~or,ill interest, to suc~' (~wl:!-er, by inheritance, d,evise" or bequest;, (iii) it will,
mak(J to the PresIdent, '\VItti a copy to be furnished 'to the Congress, stlch'r'eportE'
(including a detailed annual report on the use of the property or interest rcturiled
to it OJ' the proceeds of any 'such propei'ty or intel'cst), and permit such .examina-' ..
tion of its books as the President or such officer or agency may from time to time
require; and (iv) will not use such property or interest or 'the proceeds of such
property or intercst for legal fees, salaries, or any'other administrative expenses
connected with the filing of claims for or the recovery of such property or interest.
"The filing of notice of claim by'an organization so designated shall not bar the
par,ment of debt claims under sec~ion 34,of this Act,
,
'As used in ,this subsection, 'organization' means 'only ,a nonprofit chai-itable
corporation incorporated on or ',before' January 1; 1950, under the laws of any
State of the United States or of the District of Columbia with the power to Bue
and be sued,"
SEC. 2, The first sentence of section 33 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of
OCtober 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 411) ,as'ainended;is'nereby amended by striking out the
peno,d at,the end of Buch !lentence, anc;l ins~rtingin,lieu: ther:eof ,B,semi(!olon and
the following: "except; that return may:be m!l-d..e to s~~c~.~or organizationsdesig-'
nated pursuant to sectIon 32 (h)' hereof If notICe of claIm IS filed before the expira
tion of olle year from the effec~';V:El,d/l.~e,ott,\ljs,A9~t~
This proposed legislation has the approval of the Executive Office
. of the President, as will appear from lett~rs dated Septembex: 2~, 1953,
and June 4, 1954, and the' Department of. State, as will appear from
a letter dated June' 17, 1954, Thesecommup.ications are printed
below in this report,
,
r.Y~,~o'I5,E::~:
.~
The purpose of the proposed legislatio,n, as, amended, is to authorize
the President to turn over certain prope'rtjto organizations desig
nated by theJ>resident, which will use such property for -the rehabiJita
tion and' reset~lem~nt intheUllited' Statl3~' of 'persecuted 'persons.
The 'property: to be so t'tirned Over is property which; prioi'tO'vesting, '
was oWned by persecuted persons who died I without, heirs. Such'
persons or their heirs, 'if alive, would hit ve been able'to; Claim return'
of this property under the provisions ofsectioni32 (a) (2)' of the Trad
"
ing With the Enemy 'Act, as,amended in'1946;, '
'The committee amendment' would establish an outside' limit of.
$3, million with respect to the.. total.value.of property wruchmay be
turned. over to theafo'rementioned organizations. under the prOvi~ions
of the proposed leg~sl~tion.
.,
'
.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMA,RY
,
The,proposed legislation c~~ries out·alre~dY,estab1isBed· policies of,
this Government, It was passed, unanimously by the 'Senate, ' "
Bills embodying ',this'j:n'oposal hav'e b'eeIi,consid~i'tid' -in 'previous ,
OQilgressef!," In th~80thOongress,'S. ~764 passcd the.8enak,' S.603
passed the Senate m'the 81stOongress:andwas reporj:,ed,fq,vorably,
by this cominittee.· In.the' 82d Oongress, S, 1:748 was reported to the
S'enate but was riot acted on prior to a d j o u r n m e n t . '
, ',The p.rstJegislative step in the establishm~ntof these policieswas i
taken 'on August 8, 1946, when there was 'enacted into Jaw an amend
ment to section 32 (a) (2) ·of the Trading 'With the'Enemy Act providing for the returri, Qfproperty vested by:the .Ali~'n:Pr()perty Ousto.:'
dian'where rtappeared,that the forrp:erownerwas'an ~ndiv,iduaI who,
"was deprived of life ,or. substantially deprived of liberty .pursuant to ,
any law, decree, or regulatien * * *, discl'iininating against, political, '
racial, or religious groups" in an enemy country,
f
'
j:,
�3
AMEND THE ,TRADING WITH, THE ENEMY AC,!,
This amendment established a clear~cut distinction :betweeuthe
property of those persons who were.in fact our enemies during :,the
last war, and those who, as evidenced. by their: f9xtreme, persecution
at the hands: of their governments, were in fact. the enemies. of O1}r
enemies. It was thus· made clear that the intention of the United
States was noUo profit from the assets of the latt~l' dass individuals;
It is now proposed to bring within this principle the proPEll'ty·of pe'rse;"
cuted. 'persons who',; with their heirs, wei'e,extel'minated::bY,()ur:war
time enemies, and who are therefore not alive. to' receive return .of
their property as individuals. Such heirless property will,' under the
proposed legislation , be turned over to charitable organizations. These
organizations, under appropriate safeguards, will thus be enabled to
expend these assets' for· the 'rehabilitation and resettlement'of surviving
'persecutees.
'
".
'
'.' ,
The proposed legi'llationis actively' supported b'y several Jewish
organizations:":-includirig the 'American Jewish (];ommittee,' the Amer
ican Jewish Congress; and the Joint Distribution Committee. " Under
the terms :0£ the proposed legislation, chadta'ble' orga:i:li2;ations:can
·apply to the: President tobe>designated aselairnantsl'for .heirless
property'for thep.urpose of: res'ettling ancl rehabilitating persons who
suffered substantial' deprivation' of'liberty'or fail~d ,to enjoy the ',full
rights of citizenship in any enemy country, as provided in section 32
(0.) (2) of the Trading With: the Enemy.Act:· .
According to the testimonv received by your committee in ,the
course of he~ring~' c~nductedJ~ring ~h~: 8~st ·.Co~gress /on:S. 603' (81st
Cong.) (whICh 'bIll IS substantIally IdentICal WIth the ,bIll S. 2420),
approximate,ly 90 percent of the heirlesspropert'y 'wh}ch' is'iH{eIY,to
be turned over to charitable: organizations to=be 'used for rese'ttlement
and rehabilltationpurposes as proVided" for in the p:i"op'osed legisla:
tion, is of Jewish origin. Alf organiz'ation which plans, to' apply to
the President for· designation as successOl~in interest'is the Jewish
Restitution 'siicc~ssor Oi.;ganization 'which'is a c,haritttble organizti;tion
incorporated under tl;ie laws of 'the State of New'York. ,'This organi:
'zation was ap'poiJlted by General Clay, pursuant'to Mili'tary'Goverrr
ment Law No., 59, 'as the successor organization authorized to Claim
Jewish property in Germany,'.'
,; "':'~" .' .
. . : ;."
The legislation is also. in line with certainintei"national commit~
'ments of the United States., On numerous occasions, the' United
St,ates, together with ,the Allied Gov:ernments,.has taken the position
that the ~eirI,essassets of persecuted persons should 'be ,Used for relia
bilitationand resettlement' of surviving persecutees; , For example,
-the inter-Allied' agreement embodied in the final act oftlie ParisCon~
fer!:)nce on Reparations,: December 1945, speCifically provided thfi,t
heirless assets'.found ill' neutralcouritries should 'be used, for this: same'
purpose, (See' appendix, A.)' A specific' program for', carrying: ou't
this reconimendation',vas embodied in:' the Five'.:Power'Agreement 'of
June 1946. (See appendix B.) . And in the' treaties' of 'peacev,rith
the satellite countries,' provision was made foi': the use of the ,heirless
assets in beha:!f of surviving persec'utees:, (SeE.i appenuixC.) ':Fo all
of these agreements and treaties the United States was a party,' and
in all of these cases-the United States proposed the;provisio'nsw.ith
respect to heirless assets. '
, ,,"': .. '
Moreover; the United' States has proposed .siinilar provisions in
connection with the Austrian treaty, and such provisions have been
of
---- _.. -.__._, -".,
.~
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�included in the draft treaty; (Si:le appendix n.) The Austrian Gov
ernment has accepted this principle even ,in the absence of this, treaty.
In addition, Military:GovernmentLaw No.; 59 carries out· tills prin.,.
ciple in the American Zone of Germany, and: similar legislation ,exists
in the British Zone of Germany ... (See appendix E.) ,The United
States is pressing. for adoption of the· same principle in negotiations
.•
.
with neutral countries, such' as Switze:dand. • '
The' principle of the ,proposed legislation is thus in line with the
clearly established policy of'theUnited Stat'es.' , .' , ' . . ' .'
r
I
!
,
AMOUNTS INVOLVED
It'is not likely that the amounts involved i:p,the proposed legislation
are large. Estimates of the property involved are diffictJlt to lnake.
In view of the desirability of establishing :withcertai~ty, a;n outsiqe
, limit of the amount by which the war claims, fund migllt ,ultimately
be diminished as' a consequence of the proposed legislation, a top
limit of $3,000,000 has been suggested by interested charitable organi
zations.' This amount, on the basis of the llest available information,
is estimated to be, in ,excess of ~he total value. of the proper~y, in the
United States to whichthe'proposed.legislation will b~applicable.
l'HOVrSIONS OF THE BILL
"
of
The extraordinary.. ang unprecedented ;events
t)le ll;tst ~var, in
which mass extern¥nations and mass bu:ri,a~f3 of vic~ims took pl,ace,
bring about difficulties of ,proof and evidence. , Th~ proposed legishi
tion thus deals with. the p~pblenis
proof by using the' approach
embodied.in th~ ~r~atie,s of peace and in Y!lrious Europef.!,ll legi~ath:e
enactments..• ,It IS thus presuwed that, i If a, persecu~ee qr hIS 4elr
has notcJalmed the' property .formerly owned by ,such persecu~ee
within 2 yearsof its vesting,the property may b!3 turneg,overto,a
,"successor organization," Where a claim is ma<;le by ~uch an organ
,ization before,tlie expiration of 2 years from the :vestingol the property:,
an affirmativ~ sliowiIlg will be required, to establish, that therej~, 'no
reasonable doubt that the former oWIler is, defLd'arid'tha~ lie: is not
survived ,by eligible he~rsor successo~ . .' " , '
" , ';, ' ,I
Th~ propos,ed,I,egisla,ti9n contains, pl:ovisions to. safegu,ai'd the in
teres.t '9f the fOl~er oyvner and to save: the, Ulfited E\~at!3~ harI~iless
.iron). any,po~siblelil!-bility", ,It also, cqntairis the rtl,quirement, that,the
assets released to ,tliesuccessor organization
be ,u~ed for the bene
fit.qf 'surviving persecuteesas: thfLt ternl,is defined:in'secti9n 32 (a)
(~) (C) and, (D) of the Trading with the Enen;ty .Act, as amended.
In' addition, to be eligible, a successor orgaIliiatioIl'mU;st be'designa,tfld
by the President, anll must undertake tQ'furnish annual reports to.'tlie
Pr~sident, w;th.a cqpy to the C~ngress: . Its books'must .he f.!,vliila;1;>le
for such examinat~on as th~ Pr,esident or' an, appr.opriate, officer or
:agency of, the Ullited Statesmay"fromtiine to tiIne',~equire: "" " '
Finally, th(3; proposaF inchlqes su.ggestpd techiiic{l,l,. confQrming
'changesin se ytion33 of the Trading Wi ~h 'the ,Enemy Act which ,viII be
llecessit~~ed in, tp.e event of successful passage of the principal proposa;l
.
. '. .' .,'
.
for section 32. ' "
of
will
I
i
j
i
I
I '
I
t~
I
i
�AMEND. THE TRADING WITH THE EN~MY ACT.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMMITTEE AMENDM'ENT AND' BIJJL AS PASSED
BY SENATE
The principal 'd~fi'erertces between the commit.tee amendment to
S. 2420 nnd the bill as passed by the .Senate are as'follows: .:.,
1. The committee amendment reinstates the ceiling of $3 'million
contained in' the bill as originally introduced. This ceiling was
removed in the bill as it passed tlle'Senate, nnd it'has been reinstated
in order to establish an outsid'cJimit of the ilInOunt of vested property
which would be t~irnecl:over. to slicc~ssor organizations pursuant to.
the provisions of this legislation.
. '. . . .' '
.
2. Under the committee amendment 'leirl~ss p·rope'fty:'.rhic!l for
merly belonged' to pel'Secutees as defined in section 32 (n:) (2) (C)
and (D) will be generully n:vailable. for the purpose of rehabilitation
anc1settlement 9,f sUl'vivmgpel'sccutees. . 1;Jrider. the. bill as .;passed.
by the Senate, the propm:t:y' \Vas.to be distril?utec1'.to charitable'organ
izations for the purpose of rehabilitu,tion and sett~ementof. survivillg·
persecutees of particular 'politicul, racial, or religious groups· to· which
the decedent had belonged.
3. The committeeamend:~nent lllnkes clear .thatthe propert}:.tumed
over to successOl' organizations shall. be. used' foi: rehabilit!ltion and
settlementofpersecutees "'on the basis of need;"'- No compul'able·
. .
provision was contained in the bill passed by the S~riate:.·
4. The committee amendment makes it also cle!!r that the' e~pendi
t.ure with respect to rehabilitat.ion and s'ettlement:of perSons must be.
made in the United States. No comparable proVision was contained'
in the bill passed by the Senate. In view·of the limited amount of
property available and t.he demonstrated e~:istence of needy surviving
persecutees in the United States, the committee felt t.hat this would be
a reasonable. limitation to be placed .on the transfer of heirless property
in the United States..
'. .
.. ':. .
5. The committee amendment provides specifically t.hat-no .property
or interests turned over ..to successor organizations shall be used for
legal fees, salaries; or any other adininistrative expenses' connected
with the filing of claims for, or the recovery of,such property or
interests;N 0 comparable restriction was contained in t.he·bill 8S
passed by the Senate.·
'.
.' . ,
'.
.' .....
6. The committee amendment modifies the defiriition 0'£ "organizu:'
tion" (sliccessor organization) by requiring that such nonprofikchari
table organization must have been incorporated on or before'January
1, .1950. This requirement was, inserted in order to prevent fly-by
night orw;anizationsfrom taking advantage of this legislation,. No
comparable cutoff date with respect to' qualified organizations was
contn.illed in t.he bill' as passed by the Senate: . ". .
.' .
.
AGENCY COMME:('l'TS
EXECUTIVE OFFICl, OF THE ;PRESIDk;NT,. .
BUREAU OF THE BUDGET,
. Washington 2':5, D.C., .hme. 4, 1954.
Hon. CHAR1~ES A. WOLVEUTON,.
Chm:rman, CO'll/m:iUec on Interstate and Foreign COlllmerce,
House OifiGe Bnilding;JVashington25, D:' C.
,
My Dl,AR MR. CHAlRMAN:·Th!s·is'il1reply.to·,yonr letter'of May 20, IBM,
requesting a rcH.lort 'and comments on S. 2'~20, a .bill 'to amend section 32 of 'the
Trading With the Enemy Act, !,samended.
..'
,.
J'_~'
�.
NAL ARCHIVES'
REPRODUCED ATTHE NATIO,. . '
•. -"
AMEND THE TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT
As you know, this bill has. the same·purpose as the :bills, H. R. 5952 and H. R ..
5675, with respect to 'which this office wrote the committee a letter dated Sepe
tember 23, 1953, recommending favorable 'consideration,
.'
.
For the reasons given 'in our earlier letter we .recommelldthat,.since it has
pai"sed the Senate, your committee no'Y give favorable consideration' to S:2420,
Sincerely yours,
HAROLD PEARSON,
Assistant Director.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,
BUREAU OF THE BUDGET,
Washington 'f35, D. C" September 23, 1953:
Hon. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON,
..
'
".
.
Chairman, Committee on Interstate and· Foreign Commerce, .
House of Representatives, Washington 25, D. C.'
My DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is.in reply to your letters of June.12 and 30,
1953, requesting the views ofthis office on H. R, 5675 'and H. R. 5952, respectively,
identical bills entitled HToamend section '32'of the ,Trading With The Enemy Act"
!IS amended! with reference to the designatIon of organizations
successors in
mterest to aeceased persons."·
.
.
These bills would make available to certain organizations aiding the rehabilita
tion and resettlement of persecuted persons the vested property of deceased heir
less persecuted persons who,would be eligible for the return of theii property under
the Trading With the EnemyAct if they were still alive.
.
As you know, the State Department has submhted reports on these bills to
your committee. These reports were reviewed and concurred in by. this office
prior to their transmission.
. ' .
Accordingly, for the reasons set out in .the above repor.ts, the Bureau of the
Budget recommencjs that either H. R. 5675 or E .. R. ·~952.b~given favoraple con
sideration.
" , i:'. .
. .
.
Sincerely yours,
I
'.
.
..
ROWLAND HUGHES,
.
,
Deputy Director.
'as
DEPART.MENT· OF 'STATE,
Washington 25, n. C., June 17, 1954.
Hon. CHARLES A. 'VOLVERTON,
Chairman, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce,'
.
'House of Representatives:
DEAR MR, WOLVERTON: Reference is made to your letter of May 20, HI54,.re
questing the views of this DeRartment concerning S~ 2420 to amend section 32 of
the .Trading With'the Enemy Act.·
'. . . .
.The purpose of S. 2420 is to enable the Govermnenp.to return :property which
was vested from persecuted persons (not known to be such at the time of vesting),
who have died without heirs, to organizations designated by the President which
"'ill nse the property for the rehabilitation and rescttlement of persecuted persons.
Persecuted' persons who are alive, or their heirs if they are dead, may presently
receive returns ,of vested property pursuant to Public Laws 322.and 671, 79th
Congress (sec. 32 of the Trading With the Enemy Act). This policy was ado])ted
because this Government has no desire to usc for its o,,:n purposes; 1. ee, as repara
tion, or to pay American war claims, the assets of persons who werc themselves
the victims of our enemies in. World WaT.II. It appears to this'Department that
the most appropriate course is to turn over the heirless assets of persecuted persons
to organizations "'hich will devote such assets to the rehabilit,ation' and resettle
ment of .those persecuted persons who are still .alive.
.
Such action on the part of this Government would be consistentwith and in aid.
r
of, the provisions of the Paris Reparations Agreement of 1946. Artice 8 of that
agreement provides as follows:
.
"ARTICLE
8.
ALLOCATION OF A REPARATION SHARE
OF GERMAN AC'l'ION
TO 'NOJIIll,l~PA'l'lUABLJc
VICTIMS
"In recognition of the fact 'that large numbers of person~ have stlffered heavily
at the hands of the .Nazis and now stand ill dire.need to promote their rehabilita
tion but will be unable to. claim the assistance of, an.v. goveniment receiving
reparation fr0111 Gcrniany, the Governments of the United States of America,
France, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, in consultation
,
_,~,c".,
'O\--._--...,._~
"'_ '_""'_ ......, __.• * ___ ..... ,.....,.•
_".". . . . . _
....
~_
........
_~..-
...
~_~;--:--
_ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ ••_ _ _
•.
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�·
~ NAL ARCHIVES'
REPRODUCED ATTHE NAdO
., ",;
~END.
THE TRADING WITH TJIE ENEMY AP'T
7
with the Inter-Govemmental Committee Oll Refugees,' shall as SOOll a.~ pO~Hible
work out 111 COllllllon agrccmellt. a plail OIl t.he following gcnemllines:
"A. A share of repl1ratioll consisting of all the nonmonetary gold found by the
Allied Armed FO'l'ces in Germany and in addition a sunnlOt exceeding $25,000,000
shall be allocated for the rehabilitation anc! rcsettleme.nt of llo1il'epatrlable yictims
of German l1ction.
,
"B. The sum of $25,000,000 shall be met from a portion of the proceeds of
German assets innelltral count.ries which l1re available for reparation.
.
"C. Governments of neutral countries shall be requested to make available
for t,his purpo;;e (in addition to the sum of $25,OOO,OOQ) assets in ,slIch cOllntries
of ViCt.ilhs of Nazi action who have since dierl and left Iioheirs.
liD. The persons eligible for aid under the plull in' question "hall be restrictC'd
to true ,'ictims of Nazi persecution and to their immediate families anddepeud
ents, in the following classes:
"(n Refugees from Nazi Germany or Austria who l'eqllirc aid and canllut be
retnrned to I,heir countries' within a reasollP.ble time becanse of prevailing COll
ditions;
'.
"(ii) . German and Xllstrian nationals now
in GermallY 01' ,\.llstria in
exceptional cases in ,vhich it is reasonable Oil gl:ollnds of· htlinanit~--to assist Buch
persons to einigrat,e and providing they emigrate to'other cciuntriQs lYithill·-a
reasolll1.ble p e r i o d ; '
'
"(iii) Nationals of countries formerly occupied by the Germans \,'ho cannot be
repatl'iat,ed or ai'e 'not in a position to be'repatriat,ed ,yithin a roasoliabletimo. Ii,
order fo concentrate aid On the most needy 'and deservil\g refugees and to exclude
persons whose loyalty to the United Natiolls is or was dOllbt.ful, aid shall be re
stricted to nationals or former.nationals of previously eccupied countries who
were victims of Nazi' concent.ration camps or of concenl,ration camps establi"hed
by regimes under Nazi influence hut not ilicluding perRons \\'ho haye boen COll
fined onll' in prisoner-of-war camps.
'
,
.'
"E. The sums made available under paragraphs A and B above shall'be ad
ministered by the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees or by a United
N al;ions agency to which appropriate functions Qf the Inter-Governm~ntal Com
mittee may in the future be transferred. The sums made available under para
graph C above shall be administered foJ' the "eneral purposes referred to' in this
article under a program of administration to be formulated by the five Governnamed above.
The nonmonetary gold found in Germany shaW be placed at the disposal
of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees as soon i1.S a plan has been
worked out as provided above.
.
"G. The Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees shall haYc power to
carry out the purposes of the, fund
appropriate public aud prh'ate ,field
organizations.
'.
.
"H. The fund shall be used, not for the compensation of individual victims, but
to further the rehabilitation or resettlement of persons in the eligible classes.
"I. Nothing in this article shall be considered to prejudice the claims which
individual refugees may have against a future German Government, except to the
amount of the benefits that such refugees may have received from the sources
referred to in paragraphs A and C above."
It is the opinion of this Department that the enactment of S: 2420 is highly
desirable as an aid in carrying out the foreign policy of the United States.
The Department has been informed by the Bureau of the Budget that there is
no objection to the submission of this report.
Sincerely yours,
THRus'l'O~ B. MORTON,
Assistant Secreta,l'lj
(Forlthe Secretary of S'tate).
�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL
8
ARCHIVE~;
A:rvi:END THE 'rRADING WITH THE' ENEMY ACT
ApPENDIX A
(Pertin~nt Excerpts from the PiJial~ct and Annex of th.o Paris Conferenc( on
,
Repamtions)
'
*
*
*
.
AU'I'IeL}: 8. Au,oCNrIONOb' A
*
*
. . , .
*
~EI'ARATroN SHAHE 'l'O'NONHI';PATRIABLE VIC'l'IMS O~'
GEH~[AN
ACTION
In recognition of the f~ct that large nuinbers of pers~ns have suffered heavily
at the hands of the Nazis and no,,' stand in dire need of aid to. promote!their re
habilitation but will be 'unable to claim the assist,ance of any government receiving
reparation from Germany, the Governnlenf,s of the United States of America,
France, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia" and Yugoslavia, ill consultation
with t,he Inter-Governmental Committee oil' Refugees, shall as soon as possible
,,'ork out in common agreement a plan on'the following generalliiles:
A. A share or reparation consisting of all the nonmonetary gold found by 'the
Allied Armed ~orces in Germany and in addition a sum ilOt exceeding 25 million
dollars shall bc a.lIoqated' for the rehabilitation and resettlement of nonrepat.riable
"
,-ictims of German action,
R The sum of 25 million dollars shall be met from a part of th~ proceeds of
German 'assets in neutral ,countries which are available for reparation.
,
C. Government" of neutralcoHntries shall be requellted to make available for
this purpose "in addition to the sum of 25 Inillion dollars" assets in such countries
of vidims of Nazi acl'ion who have since (lied and left no heirs. [Emphasis snpplied.]
D. The persons eligible for ,aid under the plan in quefltion shall be. restricted
to true victims of Nazi persecution and to their immediate families and dependent~,
in the following claRses:
L Refugees' from Nazi Gerinany or Austria who require aid and cannot be
returned'to their couritries within It 'reasonable time becailse of p.revailingcon
ditions:
. '
'
2, German and Austrian nationalf; now resident in Germany or Austria in
exceptional cases in which it is' reasonahle on grounds'of humauit.y to assist such
persons to emigrate, and, providing they' elJligrate to other ·cotmtries withinla
'reasonable period. .
,
',
3. Nationals of countries formerly occupied by the Germans \\'ho cannot be
repatriated qr are not in a position to be repatriated within a reasonable time;
In order to concentrate aid on the most needy and deserving refuge'es and to
exclude persons whose loyalty to the United Nations is or was doubtful, aid
shall be restricted to nationals or former nationals of previously occupied coun
t.ries who were victims of 'Nazi concentration callips or of concentration camps
established by regimes under Nazi influence but not including perRon~ who' have
been confined,ollir in prisoners-or-war camps.
ApPENDIX
B
(Pertinent Exc!"rpts from the Five Power Agreement of June 1946)
ANNEX II: AGREE~IENT ON A PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF A' REPARATION SHARE '£0
NONREPATRIABLE VICTIMS, OF GEHMAN ACTION
In accordance with tlie provisions of Article 80f the Final Act of the Paris
Conference on, Reparation, the Governmcnts of the United States of America,
France, tlie' United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, in consultation
with t,he Intergroliernlllelltal COlllniittee on Refugees, have worked out, in com
mon agreement, the following plan to aid in the rehabilitation and resettlement of
nonrepatriable victims of German actioll. In working out this plan the signatory
Powers have been giIided by the intent of Article 8, and t,he procedlIres outlined
below are based on its terms:
*
*
*
*
*
*
"
A. It is the unanimous and considered opinion of the Five Powers that in light
of Paragraph H of Article 8 of the Paris Agreement on Reparation, the assets
becoming available should be used not for the compensation of individual victims
but for the rehabilitation and resettlement of persons in eligible classes, and that
expenditures .on rehabilitation shall be considered as essential preparatory out
lays to resettlement. Since all available statistics indicate beyond any reasonable
doubt that the, overwhelming majority of eligible persons underithe provisions
�.-.....~ . . '..-. 6~_"h- . . .> r-R G
REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES;
~~-
:.....
I3 I .
.,
-D,' r-e..c3"f',f C 0 "q~.
,
\Entry ~'I e. I CJ.5:'3 "~ttCJ
I File 5::2 '(.Itt)
~x
;2Bo
AMEND' THE TRADL1'<G WITH
'rHE
ENEMY ACT
of Article 8 are Jew~h, all a,ssets except as specified in Paragraph B b~low are
allocated for the' rehabilitation and resettlement of eligible Jewish victims of
Nazi action, amorig whom children should receive preferential assistance, Eligi
ble Jewish victims of Nazi action are either refugees fro'm Germany or Austria
who do not desire to return to these countries, or Gel'man and Austrian' Jews
now resident in' Germany or Austria\vho desire to emigrate, or Jews who were
nationals or former nationals of previously occupiE!d countries arid 1vho .were
victims of Nazi concentratiol1 camps or concentration camps established by
regimes under Nazi influence.
."
•. ,
•
•
*
*.
'.
~
E. Furthermore, pursuant, to Paragraphs C andE of· Article 8, in the il1terest
of justice the French Government on behalf of the Five'Governments coneluding
this Agreement are making representations to the neutral Po,vers to make avail
able all assets of.victims of Nazi action who died without heirs.. The Governments
of the. United States of America, the United Kingdom,Czechoslovakia, and
Yugoslavia are associating themsel "es with the French. Government in making
Buch representations to the neutral Powers. The concltisioll that· ninety-five
percent of the 'iheirless funds" thus made available should be allocated for the
rehabilitation. and' resettlement of. Jewish victims takes eogpisance' of the fact
that these funds are overwhelmingly Je,vish in origin, and, the five .percent
made available for 1l011-Jewish victims is based UpOi1 a Jiberalpresumptioll of
"heirless funds" non-Jewish in origin; The "heirless funds" to 'be used for
the rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims of Nazi action should be made
available to appropriate field organizations: The "heirless funds" to be used for
the rehabilitation ancl resettlement of non-Jewish victims of. Nazi action should
be made' available to the Intergovernmental Committee Oil Refugees or its suc
cessor organization for distribution to appropriate public and private field organ
izations, In making these joint representations, the signatories are requesting
the neutral countries to take all necessary action to facilitate the identification,
collection, and distribution of these assets which have arisen out of a unique
condition in international law and morality.
If further representations are indicated "the ·Govel'llments of the United States
of America,. France, and the United Kingciom will pU,rsne the matter oli behalf
. .
of the Signatory Powers.
C
ApPENDIX
,
(Excerpts from the Peace Treaties Signed with Roumania,and Hungary)
"All property, rights, and interests in Roumania of persons, 'organizations or
communities which,. individually or as members of groups, were the object of
racial, religious or other Fascist measures of persecution, and remaining heirless
or unc.laimed for' six months after the coming into force of the present Treaty,
shall be transferred by the Roumanian Government to organizations in ROllmania
representative of such persolls, organizations or communities. The property
trallBfel'l'ed shall be used by such organizations for purposes of relief and rehabili
tation of snrviving members of stich groups, organizations ane! communities in
Roumania. Such transfer shall be effected within twelve months from the
coming into force of the Treaty, and shall include property, rights and interests
required to be restored under paragl'aph 1 of ,this Article."
ApPENDIX
D
(Excerp1s from t.he Proposed Drafts Submitted by thc Four Allied Powers
Participat,ing ill the Austrian Peace Treaty Negotiations)
,
,
.
'
Section II-
"
Article 44. Property, Rights, (I.neT In/e'rests of ll1in01'it!J G1'O'llPS ,ill. A..!I~tri(l..
*
*
"
*
*
.
'"
(Proposal of the United State~)
.
.
2. Austria agrees to seek out and obtain control of all property, legal rights, and
interests in Aust,ria of persons, organizatiolls, or communities which, individually
or as members of groups, were the object of racial, religious, or other persecution
by t,he Axis Powers if, in t.he case of persons such property, rights and interests
,
�10
AM;END ,THET~AD1NG ;W~TH.-'THEENEMY, ACT
remain heirless and. unclaime,d forsi,x, ~on~hsafter the comi.n~int? fOI:ct;l :of .t~e
present Treaty; ,or III the case. of orgamzatIOns, and commumtIes, such orgamza:"
tions or communities have ceased. substantially :to exist:, Austria shall :transfer
,such property, rights~ !l'nd interests to appropriate organizations,lo' be 'd(jsignated
by the four Heads,of Missions in Vienna in QQrisultation With the Austrian Govern
riH~nt to be used for thEi relief .and'rehabilitatio!! ,of victimsof p~rsec)1tion'by ,the
.Axis Powers. Such transfer shall be effected within twelve months from the
comi,nginto force of the Treaty, ,an~ shall inCiqde pr?perty, rights; arid interests
reqmred to be restored under paragraph ? of thIS ArtIcle..(2),'
" '
.
(Proposal of the United Kingdom, F.rance and th~ U.S. S. R.)
, 2. All property, rights, mid, interests in Austria of persons, 'organizations, or
communities WhICh, in'dividually" oi-;as' meriibenl' of groups were, the object' of
racial, religious,' or other' (national soCialist) '(FasCist) , measures of persecutiori,
:and remaining heirless or i.lll,~liiiriled,for'sixmoriths,fi"om·the··co:nihg irito force
of the present Treaty; shalloo'transfei:red"by the Austrian Government to orgari~
izations in Austria represEintativeof 'such persons; organizations, or communities.
The pro'pertyirariSferiedshiill tie 'us'ed ';by ,such organizations for th'e purpoSes
of, relie£an.d!e~ab!litation: ?f surv:ivingIjl(jnibersof, su~chgroup!l; o:gapizatioris;
and commumtIes In kustrla.' 'Such 'transfer shall be effected wIthm twelve
mo nth s from tb.e ,coming'into' forCe of' the Treaty and shall ineIu'de property;
,Tights, arid interests ,
'required to be restored under paragraph:'l of this ArtiCle .(1).
.
"
....
..
. ------.'
,
,
',"
-
. ' ; '
,
ApPENDIX
E,
(Excerpts from lVlmtary, Goverrlmerit Law No. 5'9. ' Restitutio1J, oJ: I dentijiable
Property, U.S. Arei;J. of'Control,Germany-':'Enacted,November 10;'1947),
PART III: GENERAL 'PIWVIS'IONS ON'RESTITUTION
i'
*
"','
*
r
'
*
*
*
*
'ARTICLE 10. SUCCESSOR',ORGANIZATION AS HEIR ,TO PERSECUTED PERSONS
.,'"
- t , '
A successor, organization' to be appointed by Military Government, shall,
instead of the State, be entitled to the,entire estate of any persecuted person in
the case provided for in Section 1936 of the Civil Code (Escheat of estate of
person dying without heirs). Neither the State nor any of its subdivisions nor a
political self~governing body will be appointed as successor organization. The
same shall apply to other rights' in the riature of escheat based on any other'
provision of law.
,
.
'.
ARTIC~E Ii. sPECI.A'LRIGHTS OF SUCCESSOR ORGANIZATIONS
1. If within six months after the 'effective date of this law no petition for resti
tution has been filedwith'respect'toconfiscated property, a successor organization
appointed pursuant to A.J.:ticle 10 may file such a petition on or before 31 'December
1948 and apply for all nieasuresnecessary to safeguard the property.
,2. If the Clainiant:hiniself has not filed a' petition on or. before 31 December
1948, the successor organization by virtue of filing the petitio,n shall acquire the
legal position of the claimant; , .only after that date; and not prior thereto, shall
it be entitled to prosecute tlle claim.
"
*
*
•
*
*
*
*
ARTICLE 13. DESIGNATION OF SUCC,ESSOR ORGANIZATIONS
. Regulations to be issued by Military Government, will provide Jor ~he manner
of appointment of successor, organizations, their obligations to their persecutee
charges, and any further rights or obligations they may have under Military
Government or German law.
.
,PART "VIII: GENERAL RULES OF PROCEDURE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
ARTICLE .51. PREsuirPTION OF DEATH
, Any persecuted person, whose last~known residence was in Geqnany or a country
under the jur~sdiction. of or occupied by Germany or its allies and as to, whose
whereabouts or continued life after 8 May 1945 no information is available, shall
�•.J
i~--"--~';';' ~
-
REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE!!)
-- . - -
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.
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AMEND· THE TRAD~G· WITH, 'T.HJj) El'rEMY. • ACt
be presumed to' have died .on. 8 •.]\.1aY1945~~.owever, if it;appea.rs .probable that
such a person died on a date other. than 8'lvlay, the. Restitution Authorities may
de~m such other. date to be the date of death.
.CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
In compliance with ~lause.·3 oLrule XIII of the.Rules of the House
of Representatives, changes in existing law made by ,the bill, as passed
by the Senate, are shown as follows (new matter is printed in italics,
existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman):
'.'
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TRADING WITH THE. 'ENEMY ACT, AS' AMENDED
SEC. 32. (a) The President, or such officer or agency as he may designate,
may return any property or interest vested in or transferred to the'Alien' Property
. Custodian (other than any property or interest acquired by the United States
prior to December 18, 1941), or the net proceeds thereof, whenever the President
or such officer or agency. shall· determine--:- :'.
."
'.
(1) that the person who has filed a no'tice of clahn for'returnjin·suchform
as the President or :such officer.· or agency may prescribe, was.the.·owner· of
such property or interest immediately.prior to its vesting in or transfer to the
Alien Property Custodian/or :isthe legal representative' (whether ·01' not ap
pointed bya court.in the United States), or successor in interest by inhent
ance, devise, bequest, or operation of law, of such owner; and
(2) that such· owner, and legal representative"or successor. in interest, if
" .
,
any, are not-:(A) the Government of ,Germany, Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, or
Rumania; or .
.
(B) a corporation or association organized under the-laws of such
nation: Provided, That any property or interest or proceeds which, but
for the provisions·of this subdivision (B), might be returned under this
section. to ·any such. corporation or association, 'may be returned to the
owner or owners of all' the stock of such corporation oro!- all. the pro
prietary and beneficial interest in such association, if their ownership of
such stock or proprietary: and' beneficial interest existed. immediately
prior to vesting in or transfer to the Alien Property Custodian and· con
tinuouslythereafterto the date of such return (without ·regard to pur·
ported divestments or.1imitations of'such ownership by any government
referred ,to in subdivision (A) .hereof) and if such ownership was by one
or more citizens 'of the United' States or by one or more corporations
organized under the laws of the United States' or any ,State, Territory,
or possession thereof,. or the ,District of Columbia: Provided further,
That such owner or owners shall succeed to those obligations limited in
aggregate amount to the value of such property or interest or proceeds,
which are lawfully assertible against the corporation or association by
persons not ineligiDleto receive a return tinder this section; or
(C) an individual voluntarily resident at any time since December
7 1941, within the te,rritory of such nation, otlfer th~n a citizen of the
f
United States or diplomatic or consular officer of Italy~or of any nation
with which the United States has not at any time since December 7,1941,
been at war: Provided, That an individual who, while in the territory of
a nation with which the United States has at any time since December
7, 1941, been at war, was deprived of life or substantially deprived of
liberty pursuant to any law, decree, or regulation of BU'ch nati<m dis
criminating' against political, racial,. or 'religious groups, shall not be
deemed to have voluntarily resided in such territory; or
.
. (D) an individual who was at any time after Dec(lmber 7, '1941;"a
citizen or subject 'of Germany, Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, or Rumania,
and who on or after December 7, 1941, and prior to the date of the enact~
ment of this section; was present (other than in the service of the United
States) in the territory of Sl.lCh nation or in any territory occupied by
the military or' naval forces thereof or engaged in any business in any
such territory: provided, That notwithstanding tile' provisions of this
subdivision (D) return may be made to an' individual who, as' Ij. con
sequence of any law, decree, or regulationof the' pation of which. he wa!)
then a Citizen or subject, discriminatin'g. against .political, racial,.' or.
religio'us groups,'has at no time between December 7, 1941, arid' the time
�REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIV_E,~l
i2
.when 'such law; decree, or regulittion'Was abrogated,' ~ti.joyed full'right~
of cit'izenship under the law of such nation: And provided further, That~
notwithstanding the provisions' of subdivision (C) tiereo! aIid:of' this'
subdivision (D), return may be made to an individual who at all times
since December·7, 1941, was a' citizen of the .United States, or to an
individual who, having lost United States citizenship solely by reason
of marriage' to Ilo citi7;en or subject: .of a foreign country, reacquir,ed such
Citizenship prior to the date of el,lactment of this proviso if such individual.
would have been a: citizen ~of the United States a:t all times since Decem..:
b'er7; 1941;'but for siich marriage: And pr:ovid'ed furtherJThat; the'
aggregate ,book .value of returnsmad_e pursuant to' the foregoing prov:iso
shall not exceed $9,000,000; and any return under such proviso may be
made if .thebo.ok value: of: apy such return", taken t9gether with the
.aggregate book value of returns already made under such proviso does
not exceed· $9;000,000 ; and .for the purpo~es 'of this. proviso . the-term
. "b()ok value" means the value, as of the time'of vesting, entered on' the
books of the AHEm Property ,Custodian for the purpose of accounting
for the property or interest involved; or . . .
.
. ' .. ,
(E) a foreign corporation or ·association which"at any' time after
December 7, 1941, was controUedor 50 p.er centum or, more of the stock
of which was owned by . any person or pei:sons "ineligible to' receive a
return under' subdivisions '(A), (B); (C),'or (D) hereof: P1'ovided,'That
notwithstanding.theprovisions of this subdivision (E), retu:rn may be
made to a corporation or association so conti:olled or ".owned; 'if such
corporation. or association was orgariized under the ,laws of.a nation any
of .whose territor-ywag,occupied oy..the .military or. naval 'forces of any
nation with which the United States has at any time since December 7,
1941, been· atwar,and if such control or· ownership arose after March 1,
1938, as an incid,ent to such occupation and was terminated prior to the
enactment of this section;
.
'.
and
(3) that the property or interest claimed, or the net proceeds of which are
claimed,was not at any time after September 1, 1939, ,held or usoo, by or
with the assent of the' person who was the owner thereof immediately prior
to· vesting: iri or. transfer to the Alien Property Custodian, pursuant to any
arrangement to conceal any property. or interest within the 'UnitedStates of
any person, ineligible·to receive a return under subsection (a) (2) hereof;
(4) ;that the Alien Property Custodian has no actual or potential liability
under the Renegotiation Act. or ,the Act of, October 31, 1942(56 Stat. 1013;
35 U. S, C. 89-96), in respect of the property.or interest·.orpi:oceeds to be re
turned and that the claimant and his predecessor in interest; if any, have no
. actual or potential' liability of any kind under the Renegotiation Act or the .
said Act·of, October 3r·, 1942; or in the alternative that the claimant has
provided secu'z'ity or undertakings adequate to assure satisfaction of all such
liabilities or that property or interest or proceeds to be retained by the Alien
Property Custodian are adequate therefor; and
.
(5) 'that such return is in the interest of the United States.
. .
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(h) The 'president may designate one or more organizations all 8ucce8sors in interest
to deceased persons who, .if alioe, would be eligible to receive returns under the p'rovisos
of subdivision (C) or (D)"Of subsection (a) (2) thereof, An organization 80 designated
shall be deemed a successor in interest by operation of law for the p:urpose of subsection
(a) (1) hereof. Return may be made, to an organization so designated, (a) before the
expiration of two yeaTS from the vesting oj the property or. intere8·t in question, if the'
President or .such officer oi' agency as he may designate determin.es from, all relevant
facts of which he is. then. advised that there is rio .basis jor reasonable doubt that the
former owner is dead and is survived by no person etigiole under sectiim 32 to claim as
successor in interest ,by .inheritance, devise, or bequest; arui (b) after the expiration of
such time, if no claim for the return of the property or interest is pending,
No return may be made' to an organization so designated,unless it files notice of
claim before the I3$pirationofone year from the effective date of this Act and unless it
gives firm qnd responsible assurance approved by the President that (i). it will use the .
property.or interest returned. to. it or the proceeds of any such property or. interest for
use directly in the rehabilitation and settle'ment of persons, who 'suffered substantial ..
deprivation of liberty or failed to enjoy the full rights of citizenship witJiin the meaning
of 8ubdivi8ions (C),and'(D) oj 8ubsection (a) (2) hereof, liy reason of their membership
in the particular political,racial; or religious group of which the former owner was' a
�13
AMEND THE TRADING WITH THE ENEMY' ACT
member and by reason of membership in which such former owner so suffered such
deprivation of liberty or so failed to enjoy such rights; (ii) it will transfer, at any Ume
within two years from the time that return is made, such property or interest or the
equivalent value thereof to any person whom the President or such officer pr agency
shall determine to be eligible under section 32 to claim as owner or successor in interest
to such owner, by inheritance, (,l,e!Jis_~, oJ b,eq¥~W;a..n.d.c~ii), it, will ,make to the President,
with a copy to be furnished' to I the. .Congress, ,;8uch :repor~s' (including a detailed an
nual,report on the use of the property or interest returned to it or the proceeds of any
Slfchproperty or interest) and permit such ex.amination of its books, as the President,
'
"",'
or su'ch officer or 'agency may fri>'m ti1iz'e'to time require:""
The filing of notice of claim by an organization 80 'designated shall not bar thepay~
ment of dibt'cliLjins ,under sectiOn.'34;of thisA(;t. -, ' , '
"
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As used in ,this subsection" Horganization'?" mea;ns only a nonprofit charitable cQrpo~
ratt:on incorporated u,nderthe la'!li8 of any ,State of the United States or. of the Distr.ict
of Columbia' with tlie ,'power to sue cirid ,I>e'sued.'
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SEC, 33. No return 'may be'made' pursuant, to, ·section 9 or 32. unless notice·'of
claim has been filed:, (a), in the qas!;)'of any, property or interest ,acquiredpy the
United States prior to December 18, 1941, by August 9,,1948;01' (b) ,in the, case
of any property or interest acquired,by the Uriited States or after Dec~mber1'8;
1941, not late'dhan oneyeadrom :the.'enacti[lentof this amendmen,t; or two years
from the vesting of'the property-,qriinterest in'respect of which the claim is made,
whichever is li1.terjt3xcept,;thatr.ehirn !may be.11,!(1.de t08'UccessOT;
"ns1de8ig~
.nated pU'l'suant to ,86cti,on :~2, (M: hereof ~f noficiJ;of~flai~ isjiled.
. ... ,~xpi'l'atipn .
of one year from the effectwe ,date ,oj thu! ~ct.No SUIt pursuantJo sectIOn 9 may
be instituted after April"30; .1949; or"after tne'6xpiration'oCtwo years from the
'date of.the seizlire;by or vestini(inthe'Alien propertyCustodian"as:thecase.may
be, ofthe property or iriterest in,respect o(which reli~f is s<\ugttt,whichev~r)s later,
but. in, cpmputing .such t:wo y,ears ,t,here shall be excluded any p~riod; dur41g'W'h~cp.
there was pending a . suit' or illaiin for'return pursuant to se'Ction9 or S2:(a) h~reof,
i
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�. MINORITY VIEWS'
. The undersigned aesire;to.express their separate views in oP'PQsition
to the ',proposed legislation. , ,
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As stated in the majority report, a bill' substantia,lly identical
'With, S. 2420. waspassed by the Senate d\lring the 80th: Congress (S.
2764, 80th Cong.), and again during.the 81!?t Cqngr~s~, (S..6Q3,,8~st
Cong'.). ,-In the 82d Oongress, a bill substantially ldentlCal. WIth
S. 2420 was reported to the Senate (S. 1748, 82d: Cong.), but was not
actedonptiort6~ajotl.rnmenk . \ . "
. ' ,,".' ,
, .
. This committeeJav:oiablY,r:eporte~.s,.",6d3,.81st Congress., How
ever; several of the undersigned were ,opposed to the bilHti,;the form in,
which it was reported and it .' "'before ,the 'Rules Conimitteein
opposition.tothebill.' The iilesCommit,tee'did Ilot grant a rul,e,
and no actIOn ,was taken,by the Hou,seop,;S. 603." ' ,'.
,,:.
, " No hearings, have been held ;onS.242Q,bythis committee.; The
,bill was reported ,by this comqIi~tee after, brief consideration., and
in,sufficient opportunltY".:w~sgiven fO'r,consige,ratioIi of airletidnierits
"", ,
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to the bilL
The undersigned feel that more careful consideration should be
given, both to the principle underlying the proposed legislation, and
to the form in which the legislation comes before the House.
We do not believe the Congress should act'on legislation of this
magnitude without committee hearings and ample time for committee
study of all phases of the problem.
,
o
P. O'HARA.
JAMES I. DOLLIVER.
JOHN B. BENNETT.
JOB.
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COP y .
..s.rnold A. Gurwi tch
70:..;.35 BroadWay
Jackson Heights 72, N.Y.C.
August 11,
1954
'!he Honorable' !.eater B. Holtzman
The House of Representatives
Washington, D~C.
Dear Sir:
,
;'
I read in yesterday's ne'lispaper that the House
of Representatives haa approved a bill by which
same alien property seized during World. War II
would be transferred through. philanthropic
orgailizations to victims of Nazi persecution.
I should appreciate it ver,y much, if you could
send me information on this bill aiid how the
distribution of these assets will be handled.
father lost his business and everything he
owned through the Nazis and was deported by them
to a concentration camp where ;they killed him. :ttr
mother, who now lives here with me, has been sick
and unable to work for a living for the past years
as a result of her suffering from the Nazis during the
war. We have been tr,ying for years to get for her
aome compensation for the persecution suffered and the
property lost but without result so far.
My
For al\V information in this matter I shall be
greatly obliged to you.
Ve~
truly yours,
slArnold A.
Gurwi tch
Arnold A. Gurwitch
�..
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�PUBLICLAt;J- ~626 .';'gid~;(>ngress
('
... Chapter,8i():~2d s:~si:i.oh
-(5'.2420) .
. AN ACT'..
To Cl,lnend section,;32 of, :t".he' ;t,l)'aciirig l'fith .tqe,Eriell\Y Ac:t,as.amended·., .
S~~t~and'H6use
.Rep~·ese~~ative:~Of
[68, Stat. 76jJ Be it.enactedbythe
of
.. l:e United States of Ameri9s, in, Congr~el3sass~*~,Tllat section.j2:BOQ.'s~'C.
t
App.3Y of the Tradingl'Jit;,h.theEl1emy"A:ct. 9f",Oc;tober:6.,. ],.917 "4d:st~t'.lhll)',as
amended, is hereby furthe~raniended 'by·actd~gat, the . end thereof the following
Slibsection:
. " .. .
...":'
" . ' ...•
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I
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II (h) The Presiden.tmay designate one or more,organizations a~' l?ucce'f3sors in
, interest to degeased persQns who, ~alive!, wotlld,'beeligibl~ toreceiv~:'retums
. under the provis9s of subdivision eCl o:z<{D) of Subsection (a)t2}thereof~An .
~rganization 'sodesigpa.t('3,~: ~halr~e'Ae~~e~,a,'~cq,e~,s6t in. ih~ere~~,,""y'~perati9ri
of .law for th.epurpos~ of:,·,sup,sect1.9n fa.}(l:) her;eof.. ~Return,may::J~,E3',~cle,.to an~
organization.so .designat'eCi~·{a.) before ,the; eipirati'on' of:. two: y:ea:'6s .frdm;the' ..
vesting of the property ,or interestinquestion,;i;f the'Presideirt,or:'such'officer
or agency as he may.designate detenllir1es fr~,ali ,reievant fact sof whicli: ,he is .
then advised that . there is no basis for reasonable doubt that· the fotmer owner
is dead and is survive,d 'by no person ,eligible1und:er ' section 32 t~,cla;Jin as, ' .
successor ininterestffig· Stat. 76.@ by~n.her:Vtance"devlse., Qr,;Oeq~e6ti; ,and ,
(b) after the expira~iori .or .such time:/ll';no cliiim;,:for ·thereturn.~6f:~the ,:,property
or int ere st .i spending • Tot c!.lretUrn~ pur sUant \tothi s'subsec:t:ii~t:l'shB.]ji no.:t
exceed ~3 ,000,0000'
....
, .
UNo return ,may bema~e to.a.norganization.sodesigna:ted~u:nlel:J~ 'it'f.i]~s
notice of claim. befor~tl:ie ~xpiration()f9he., :y~a~,'f.~oin ·t~e eI'feciive'.dat'e.6!
this Act and unless i~'gi;'es fi~ 'ancLresponsibite,'a.ss1:irEl.iice app~?y~d:by;;-e,h¢:,
President that (i) the ,pr,operty .~. intel:lest'rertil~n~d;to,1t'qr~~tl1e":'prqce'ed's;';of
any .such property or interest will be used on the basis .6f need:'Ji1 'ther(Jnapili~
tation and settlement of persons in ·theUnited, stC!-t'es' who SUffered, su'Q:stant.iClJ.
deprivation 'of liberty or: failed to ~rijoy,the".t\rl:l:::d:ghts of ci.'t!f.ieIl~ltfp.WJ.;thin
,the, meaning 'of subdiv~sioils (C)and~. (Dl,of.subs,ec;;;ion.(a)(2J·h~I1~O~;::(:i.i.}Jt. '}'fill .
, transfer,at ·any time wi t.hi.n .two~~s:t,r9m'the.,.time':t.hat ,.ret}lril::j1,s'~)n,Ei7d~:,;,;:,sU,.ch:. '
property or interest :orihe:.equivalent: valuetheteOt'to;:~my'per;~9P.:Who~;:t'he .'
Presi~ent or such officer:·or agericy ~hl3.ll.de)'~eriri:tpe,to pe' e:ligil~le;;Und:~ri\Section
32 to claim as 'owner or' :succe,ssor 'in interest to'suchowrier'"by.',\.iiilieritance,
devise, or b,equ¢st;' (fii}·it,Will make t'0:theJ:>re·sid·ent'iwith:,·.a\'9~oPY:,to,'~:~' "
furnished' to" t-he' Congre 5:8, . such r.eport:~ .~ (;ncilldi~;'adetai J:e,d\~ij~~, ,rep()rt:,. on
,the use .ofthe properti:#interest':ri~t.u~~ed' to';::[t.:or t.hE!' proc'~'~~i's:;p:f:"~ri-lf,;sUch .
property or :Lnterest},and;'permit ,sucheXanlinat:toh ..of.:its bo6ksais,::£n:~: P~e:siq.eht
or such officer or agency may from,t::i.metb _time,;'r.~quire.;, and {iv,),Wirr 'nO:t ,us'e
,such property or interest:'orthe' procee~siot . such:prOP'erty; or' ir'l:t~res:t f9r'lega:l
'fees, salarIes 'or any" 'other' administrative,expen':?e~' connected With the: filing of
claims for or, the; l'ecov;~ryof' suc;h p~oper:ty, or int,ere'st'..
. ,
"The 'filing'ofnot;i6~'of cJ:aimbyi3!t or~arlizcltibri:so desi&ri~ted: :slili:t::l,::not_
bar the payment of debt .·claims under"section 34,of,this Acti', 'L.50i~I.S.C •• 'App~3W
.
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liAs used in.this..:subsec,tion,t'organizati()ll,I: ,Ineans 'only: ·a:~qnpro+it :¢ha~itable
corporation i.ncorporated',on or before"Januanr: i, '19:50,under'th.e l!aws:of.::~yState
"of ·the United'States,or"of..the .·Dist'tict:,of·CblUinbia.·;with ,the.poWeI::':t:,c{,sue:and. . be
'"
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Th,~' ffrs:t,'s,entence ·of.!?¢,c:tion33.B:.9 UoS'~9~,App~;)~.~of~t:he{',~:ra.ding'
CI.~. a~~d.7,~,'<~!r;~er,eb~,:::-. '
amended bystrikl.ng: ,outt,l'!e perl.<Xi~t, 'tih.e.'end o*\:s';lch"f)~nte?c~,.",,¥:r,tc~i:~,f?~,~:;ng'm
J.ieu thereof. a ,':"emiyol!9ri,'<lh.d "tqe ifo:}J.:9~·:.,lIeJ§.x:::ept/:f,~~ 'r~:t .:, '.''', .;:<ti'~;:,~d~~.:::l:I'<:?: :
, .suc ces ~6r, or g~Jl:i'za:tfoit~:4esi~ti~<;i·,#!t;~~;ii~·':~bt~~~Q~~()h:·,')~,;;fP!)::7,,,;;,> ,/,9,"£2:~:;t';;~i:t8~~C'e..':' -:
.. of claim is 'filed b.eI'9r.e"the expirat:1:9rl- 'o.f' olle ,:ye~ar;f~.::om th~' '; ~l'i):~~'£;iy~.:· q~t'¢;~f,\ .
this Act 011' .
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Sec. 2.
tJi th the Enemy~ A?t' 0+ Octobel' Q 1917 ,:(.4,0 ,~tat:~:'t~l)."
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Jffice of Alien Property
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To
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�September Z3. 1954
The Honorable
Dwight JJ.lthenhower t
The White House.
Washiftgton,D.. C.
fllty dea.r Mr. President:
1 have the honor to en.close bell'ewUih. on hehalf of
the JewillJhRestitution SuccesG.or 0rganiit.,ation. atld
pur~uant to
the te:rmlll of Public Law 6Z6. 83rd Congress.
the application of the Jewish IbHltlNtion Successor
(.Drga1'1i.;l.8.tion for designation .Ii
8.
successor organization
under the above""mentioned law.
l\e!spe;:;tfully yours,
Seymour J. Rubin
Enclosure
�Application. fo;:. De~ig~tion
a~S"t1Ccessor
qrganization
PUrsuant to the terms of Public Law 626. 831'd Congress,
the Jewish Restitution Succe.saor Organization hereby applies for
designation by the President as a 9uccesso.r organization for h~irless
and unclaimed property of persons ;8.8 hereinafter described who
would be eligible to receive return's, under the provisos of subdiviSion
(C) or (D) of subsection (al(2) of section 32 of the Trading with the
Enemy Act, as amended.
I,
Nat\u'e8.nd Backgrol.lll4:of Je'1liSh Re9titu~,~on SuctZe'ssor
Organiza#on
The Jew/ish Restitution Successor Organization isa
c~aritable
membership organization, incorporated under the laws of the State of
New York.
The Jewish Restitution Succes.sor Organiza.tion was in..:
corporated. under the name of the Jewish Restitution Commission,
pursuant to certificate of incorporation tiled in the office of'the
Secretal'Y 6f State of New York on the 15th day of May 1947,
was changed to the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization
Its name
pur$uan~.
to certificate executed: on the 29th day of July 1948.
Attached hereto are copies of the c:ertUicate of incorporation
of the Jewish Restitution Commission,and of a certUieate of change
of.name.
AS9tat:e9,in the certiflcate of ,incorporation, the Jewish Resti
tution: Successor 0rganization w,asfounded primarily liTo assist, aid •.
hEdp, act for arid on behalf of. and as successor to, Jewish persons,
organizations, cultural 'and charitable funds and founda:tic:ms, and com
munities, which were victims' of Na,d or Fa.scist persecution and dis
.
.
crimination, in all matters relating to claims for the restitution of
pro.perty and property rights of every nature and description, and for
�compensation and indemnification arising out of loss or damage
suffered 1:>y thetrl.,inco,nsequenceof such pe,rsecution. a~d
~ion;
and in c onnection with the foregoing to
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discove~,
di~crimina,.,
claim, acquire,.
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receive, hold, ,maintClin. manage, .adminhter, hire, liquidate, and
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otherwiSe .dispose of. prbpe:l;'ty and property
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of every nature
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and ,description for: the b.~nefit ofV:~ictims.of Nador Fa.seistper,secu
tion or, discrimination. and to apply the income
~hel'efJ;'om, ,~he
increments thereto, and the proceeds thereof for the'relief,rehab.ili
tation, reestablishment, ,resettlement
,
,
a~
immigration of such victims.
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all in accordance with the laws and policies established by the Govern
ments or authorities in control of the countries, or areas, w'hereany
or all of the for,egoing activities may be carried on",
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Restitution Successor Organization
has
('hereinaf~er
The Jewis~
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referred to as JR80) ,
so a.ctedsince the date of its incor,poration.
2.
]?ersons to Whom J&50 Seeks tq Act as Succe~sor
The JRSO reque,ats that ,it be designa:tedas successor to
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any persons, eligible for return of thei~ property pursuant to
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sectio~(a)(2)lC) or (B) of the Trading with.the Enemy Act, as amended,
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who were persecuted' as Jews on grounds of race or r'eHgioIi.
3. Purposes for which Returned' Property or:
Will Be treed
Pro~eed~
In accordance with its Charter, tbeJRSO, pro~o$es to use all
p:ropertyor proceeds returned to it, in accordance with the statute,
for the rehabilitation and settiement of persons who havebe'en persecuted
on said religiouB or racial grounds.
,The' .JRSO hereby gives firm assurance that:
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.(lJ'!iA~pl'ope.J'ty . C>l'" . interest .~turned ·toth.eJRse. o~ tile
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the.b~si.ol.~eadin~e.'ehil:bUita:tiot1andset.tl~meJ1t of
.tewiSllp.,~o_ bl the.WDit~Sta*eiIJ.whO .ln~fie,ed.8:tlb.ta.ntial.;,
depl'lvati()D. of 1~D4"ty ·01'; faUe,d tp enjoy thefUlJ:'lglitj.rcf~••n:'"
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.hip wiWn~e _e~tag .olsub.Uytstoil (C.) 0; (D) ~f •.ectu>n 32
(..)(Z) oI.~~ 1'~&4mg with the· Eaemy' Act~ a.amende.;
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TheIR. wthtran.ie~, "t~r~e within • •" ..., .
fro.1n the time that ,eturnismacl.e, ,Suchpl'C)'pe,·tyO,l'i tntel'est
(U)
Olf
the .,uivalent va'l~e 'thereot to anyper:••nS. W••rn
·th_ ~'eli4erit
or sucth O#icel" 'Jl~ag~n,cy.s .",jet fOl"him wi~ ·,tb;etel'mB of
the Ti'adirlgwltil the .EaernyAetehal1 ,detel"~e to De eligible
(Ul) The.l1U0 will malte to, the .Pr,e.ide~t. ~ith,.c.py:to be
fu."nt,shed. totheCortpes:s. tlUch~epor:ta., (inel~tJ1g\ad~tailed '
. the .1'1lSQo'r the pitQcaeds ol.anysuCh, pJ'()pel'ty
pe~mitB,\U!b
OJ' intel'.ea~')
and
examiution of its book. as ,the Ptesid;ent· 01" such
efficei' ol'agea¢y maylJ'om time totimel'e'qtd:re;"4 .
p~oceeds
ot8'uc:h
pr~pe"tyol'tntere.tfor
legal
fee."sa:la.~le;.,.
oranye.eJ' i4miniattat!ve expenaell coue¢ted with the
fUiagofclaim.·fOr ol'theJ'ecove,y otsuch pt'ope:rtV
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The filing of this application for designation as a
successor organiZation plU';8uant to Public Law 626, .83rd Congress~
has been expressly authoriz'ed and apprQved by the Executive Committee
of the Board of'Directors of the JRSO, whid,:b. is empowered
80
to
act.
Respectfully submitted:
September'Zlt 1954
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CERTIFICATE
9F
INCORPORATION
- ofTHE JEWISH RESTITUTION COMMISSION
(Pursuant to the Membership Corporation Law)
WE, the undersigned, for the purpose of forming a membership corporation
pursuant to the Membership Corporation Law of the State of New York" hereby
certifys
1. The name of the proposed corporation shall be THE JEWISH
RESTITUTION COMMISSION.
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2. The purposes for which it is to be ,formed are:
a) To assist, aid, help, act for and on behalf of, ,and as successor to,
Jewish persons, organizations, cultural and charitable funds and
foundations, and communities, which were victims of Nazi or Fascist
persecution and discrimination, in all matters relating to claims
for the restitution of property and property rights of every nature
and description, and for compensation and indembification arising
out of loss or damage suffered by them in consequence of such per
secution and discrimination; and in connection with the foregoing
to discover, claim, acquire, receive, hold, maiI;ltain, manage, ad
minister, hire, liquidate, and otherwise dispose of property and
property rights of every nature and description for the benefit
of victims of Nazi or Fascist persecution or discrimination, and
to apply the income therefrom, the increments thereto, and the
proceeds thereof for the relief, rehabilitation, reestablishment,
resettlement and immigration of suqh victims, all in,accordance
with the laws and policies established by the Governments or
authorities in control of the countries, or areas, where any or
o.ll of the foregoing activities may be carried on.
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b) To act in the aforementioned respects for the purpose of ascer
taining claims to restitution, compensa~ion or indemnif,ication;
claiming, acquiring, receiving, reducin~?possession, or pro
secuting such'clnims; holding maintaining, salvaging, repairing,
,managing, administering, and in all respects dealing with such
propertyond claims, and effecting disposition, liquidation or
conversion of such property or claims by all appropriate means
for the purposes herein stated.
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c) To act in the aforementionod respect with regard to Jewish books,
manuscripts, and other Jewish cultural and religious and historic,
objects in Germany, and in areas formerly occupied by Germany, and,
to distribute such objects to their rightful owners and to such
Jewish organizations, institutions, and communities anywhere in the
world as may be determined to be equitably and appropriately en
titled to them.
d) To 'assist governmental and intergovernmental agencies, in, a repre
sentative capacity or otherwi~e, in locating, identifying, pre
sOrVing, cataloguing and determining the proper disposition of
Jewish books, manuscripts, and other Jewish cultural, religious,
and historic objects in Germany or in areas formerly occupied by
Germany.
�- 2
e) T,o have power to borrow money, and, from time to time, to make,
accept, endorse, execute, and issue bonds, debentures, promissory
notes, bills, of exchange, and.other obligations of the corporations
for moneys borrowed or in payment for property acquired or for any
of the other objects or purposes of the corporation or ~ts busi
ness, and to secure the payment' of any 'such obligations by mort
gage, pledge, deed, indenture, agreement, or other instrument of
trust, or by other lien upon, assignment of, or agreement in re
gard to all or any part of the property, rights, or privileges
of the corporation wherever situated, whether now owned or here
after to be acquired.
f) Without limitation of the foregoing to do all and everything
necessary, suitable and proper for the accomplishment of any of the
purposes hereinbefore set forth and to do every other act or acts,
thing or things incidental or appurtenant'to or growing out of or
connected with the aforesaid purposes, or any part thereof, pro
vided the same be not inconsistent with the laws under which this
corporation is organized or the laws of any country in which the .
activities of the corporation are carried on.
3. The corporation shall have no capital stock and shall not be con
ducted for profit. All assets remaining upon liquidation of the corporation
shall be distributed solely for purposes of the relief, rehabilitation, resettle
mentand immigration of victims of Nazi or Fascist persecution or discrimination,
in the manner provided in the By-Laws of the corporation, subject to,the approval
of the supreme Court of the State of New York.
.
4. The territories in which its operations are prinoipally to be con
ducted are the United States of America, Germany and formerly German occupied
areas of Europe, and 9ther areas throughout the world.
5. The city and county in whioh its office is to be located are the
City of New York, County of New York.
6. The number of directors shall not be less than five (5), nor more
than sixty-one (61). Offioers and directors of the corporation· need not be
members.
7. The names and residences of the directors until the first annual
meeting are:
~
Louis Lipsky
Jacob Blaustein
Dr. Stephen S.Wise ...
Zelig Brodetsky
Prof. Salo W. Baron Edward M. M. Warburg ..
Emanuel Neumann
8. All of the subscribers
two-thirds of them are citizens of
resident of the State of New York.
of them, is a citizen of the United
ADDRESSES
302 West 86th Street, New York, N. Y.
Alto Dale', Pikes Well 6, Baltimore County, Md.
91 Central Park West, New York, N. Y.
77 Great Russell Street, London, England
405 West 118 Street, New York, N. Y.
550 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y.
749 West End Avenue, New York, N. Y.
to this Certificate are, of full age; at least
the United States and at least one of them is a
Of the persons named as directors, at least one
states and a resident of the State of New York.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have made, subscribed, and acknowledged this
Certificate this 25th day of April, 1947.'
LOUIS LIPSKY
JACOB BlJI.USTEIN
STEPHEN S~' WISE
ROBERT SZOLD
EDWARDM. 1\4; WARBURG
E. NEUMANN
Snlo .W. Baron '
STATE OF ~1 YORK ~ SS.:
COUNTY OF NEW YORK
, On this 25th day of April, 1947, before me personally came LOUIS LIPSKY,
to me known and known to me to be the same person described in and who executed the '
foregoing Certificate of Incorporation, arid ,he thereupon duly acknowledged to me
that he executed the same.
Lucy Gerstein
Notary Public
STATE OF NEW YORK ' )
,' .
COUNTY OF NEW YORK ) SS.:
On this 25th day of April, 1947, before me personally came JACOB BLAUSTEI~,
to me known a,nd known to me to be the same person described in and who executed the
foregoing Certificate df Incorporation, and 'he thereupon duly acknowledged to me
that he executed the same.'
Henry j,. Weiller
Henry A. Weiller
Notary Public
Notary Public, State of New York
Residing in Bronx County
N.Y.Co.Clk's No• .303, Reg. No. 252-W-9
Commission Expires March 30, 1949,
STATE OF~¥ YORK ) SSe
COUNTY OF NElii YORK)
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On this 25th day of April, 1947, before me personally came
STEPHEN
S. WISE, to me known and known to ee to be the same person described in and who
executed the foregoing Certificate of Incorporation, and he thereupon duly ack
nowledged to me that he executed the same.
Lucy Gerstein
Notary Public
,STATE OF NEW YORK ) ss .
COUNTY OF NEhf YORK)
••
On this 25th. day of I'pril, 1947, before me personally came PROF. SliLO
W. BARON, to me knoWn and known to me to be the same person described in 'and who
executed the foregoing Certificate of Incorporation, and he thereupon duly ack
nowledged to me that he executed the same. ,
Lucy Gerstein
Notary Public
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sr~' LTE OF NEW YORK
'COUNTY OF NEW YORK ~ SS.:
On this 25th day of April, 1947, before me personally came
EDWARD M. M. Wil.RBURG, to me known and known to me to be the sarne person
described in and who executed the foregoing Certificate of Incorporatio~,
and he thereupon duly acknowledged to me that he executed the same.'
Lucy Gerste1n
Notary Public
STATE OF NEVi YORK ")
COUNTY OF' NEW YORK ) SS ~ :
On this 25th day of .'ipri1, 1947, before me personally came
EMlI.NUEL NEUMiI.NN, to me known and known tome to be the same pers on
described in and who executed the foregoing Certificate of Incorporation"
and he thereupon duly acknowledged to me that he executed the same.
'
Lucy ,Gerstein
Notary Public
STATE OF NEH YORK
COUNTY OF NElV YORK ~ SS.:
On this 25th day of April, 1947, before me personally nrune
ROBERT SZOLD, to me known and known to me to be the same person described
in and who executed the foregoing Certificate of Incorporation, and he
thereupon duly acknowledged to me that he executed the sarne.
Lucy Gerstein
Notary Public
I, ERNEST E. L.
HM~~
, a Justice qf the Supreme Court of the
First JUdicial District, hereby approve the foregoing Certificate of
Incorporation of THE JEWISH RESTITUTION COMMISSION"
Ernest E. L. Hammer
Justice Supreme CoUrt,
May 12th, 1947.
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otganic..ti.nlac.rpot••••
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S... ee6h10r Oi'ganIa..UOm.. amem.p-er.ship
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state.fNew Yo~k.
If)" destl1'1&tioIl •• a:s-.cce.801".'lant~.tiOil uD.d~r,·the
term.ot PQ.bUc;Law 6Z6,83J.'d €:on:pe...:.app~'tV'.cl AUg1;ljt,2'3:~, 1954.
.
The
fOUow.,
.
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is: settoj~ bl .1lppo"t oftheappl~Uct•. o(.e .JeWish
JRse.
1. 'The
J'ase. wai.:fir:~t mcoipotatidu4ei'the name 01. tlie .
.Tewillhlle.~tutto:Aeolmni•• toDi.n1941.(The1UU1'i.was "ubeeque#tly.
in 1948. a. is .e~' fo:rth int::b,eapp1ic::~tiOn.· ehan.edw.the J*witJ'h .
Reatitu.lion Suc¢ea'YI'Grg&iUi&tton,foi'ihe rea.aont.hat theta:'ttel"
name .met,,,,e acc~a"'~", cie:iJel'i'beci the f~ett()..
01 t!ie·"l',g'ilb:a:tioJi. )
aeflaga."sueC8:.'.eI'OJtIUbiatiOrl., \id..,t.lfit,ilitatto.
st.mtl" to
and utend,cal ia. p.,ose "'Uh~liGL&w6Z'6. .It w"s utlctpated. in
1947. when the.J'l\SQ:w&a lir:st.et :tap. (:the te".m .J,:t\S0 i.a l1sod eqWi.Uy
te *efii' . . ., ;j'ewtahR.8tit:U~Jl €O:m.mJ.'ston),tl14~.p;rovtji<>n W012,ld
llncli.tmedp••periY.Lo_. be!...e the. eapitital.a:tiOn'G.t· OitJna;nt,.tJie
Allied. pow•• "ha:cl ·con.aidered.•eaade-.-·.... a.8~"'. ·t:h.at-tl1Qsepei'8C;D.8
whe .c~e4p~opel'ty by'fotce .8.l\d.:d,,*e••
would tlot·be~e4 the
peae.fUl.pomslisa.ion af tneh" W",gotten wealtll.. 1'heltoD.ttor.. l'Jee1az.&
tioJi of 1943, lot example, decW;_d,t'ba,ttt&ni,Jfel's u.Dciei- .duress
wouJ.9,not. boeountelUll1¢·ed. Jturt:lUln1:te:thes8
gene:ra.lpQltclErs',.~e
tJnite4 StatesOove.P.ineat. attU ed of 194',., enae:~dMilitai'yGOvetn
ment Law
59•. whlC:fh was
a law fOil • • iestitatiO:n of icientiflable property .
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in the American zone of Germany.
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This law contemplatedtbe
designation .of an or.ganization. which would act as a successor
.
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to heirless or unclaimed property of petsons'who sufferedpereecu
tion under the Nazi regime.
In June 1948. the tJni~ed States ~uthorities.in Germany, , '
designated the JRS0. which had been set up in anticipation of these
events, as "the successor 6zganization authorized to claim J:ewl'sh
.
.
property. as hereinafter defined. pursuant to the terms of ...
Military Law 59.".
This designation was incorporated in Regulation
No.3, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 to this
memo~andum.
Other artie1es of Regulation No. 3 defined Jewish property
and specified the sta~s, power.s .nd obligations of the JRSe.
~.
Since
its designation in June 1948, Ute lRSO has carried
on an intensive program for the benefit of surviving Jewish perse
cutees ~d ,has act~d l,n its stated capacity of a successor orga.ni
zation.
It has discharged its duti.es to the satis·faction of the American
authorities and has fulfilled its 'function both of claiming heirless and
unclaimed property and applying the proceeds thereof for its stated
purposes, and of assiSting individual pel,"secutees and claunants in
connection w.ith their own clai~9.
The role of the JRSO has been olfidallY recognized... in eon
nection witheonsideration of S. ~420, the bill whi¢.h beca..me Public
Law 626.
.In Report No. 2451, 83:rd Congress, 2nd session, the
House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee' stated that:
II
',.
Approximately 90 per:cent of the heirless property which is
likely to be turned over to charitable organizations
t()
be u'sed for
resettlement and rehabilitation purposes, as provided for in the
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p~po.'.d~.lt.;~tlOA;
of~ewtjh
ts
o,il1A.. Arl' .()~g"izat~liwhl¢b
pJaft8te>:&pplj"~,.e 'p".8~cient fOtdeeJpa'-1Ona. 'UeC.S80~ .~. ~~:r.
ed iii th.e .fe....~Ite.;tt~ti.on$l&eee.iQj> ;~I~llli.~cm:wtil¢h is
e~itab~~;CI*'"~id.~..ti~
1_0j!",.•••
a
4 .~f:~,Jaw·.~f'!.~; .~~
.~fN'ewYQik.~t•.•~g~~.~iGn. ,,~·.,a.p,.·tA~c1 ht~'Genel!al:$J;8;~t
p~.uarit~~MiUtuY
c;tG¥etnm_nt ·LaW;;N.~5.9...
tbe_~c.;lio.
(,l'lan~za\i9D;a.~*,~ze4 • e'1&i:allewl.hp~je,t:Y inCl~'_~'~
to
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simlta:rita:temeBt bi'OUBdiD.the ael't;.of"·H~'eln.eitl~m.·
.' . ' ".............. ' . PO". . . . . . . ' . . . " .
~. ~Ol'.~~' ~.,,-.e.cee()**'m.{t~~
in .t1ie. ,81st ·¢oag•••• l,a.;rt
No, 2338,. 'Slst>C•••Joas8 .!iullle8.• ~.t~"c'ornp_,S,. 'ei).
iJ1'~-ciI dl.cu,hJ~a.ofs,a4200D,~- flgozOf thfJHCa~:e.
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B.epl'et3'eJlta~ve.i.ol1 A.p.t~.1'54:..,.Hleth.stat~ ·(~.i(e,~~~~~~l .
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govei...e~tl$w tnQ.~y ~.1. wb.lchwiil. a~iJij.:ete.~edbyQen:e"u
..imi1U'law wJS.l¢hatates that. Sue_ mo:ne,sliGuld:bcJ
€r.y~h&.a.
fuJolu~d.vut.Ouoi·gaAtz:a#01lwtdCl!h w{1l. ,,",fa lttort.h.~••Ej~l\,Of;
p.raec~.ea.c>l . siJnt:l." .l'ell,lon$
ise.!l we. ,..,e .~tfr:tg to
(0
oi'aiinU.fOilijca.l P ••PSi' wbiCh
hete , The o~g~t"a.tt•• Wllieh.,;w&sa.t .tq)
at thatti.iD.e .iaC'.klrmu.' by.
. ",,"~b'afloD: 'aIul"Jo'ved b Y
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GeneralG~'
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ta'.sir.nU,aJ.*Oi g:aDiza;tioa'i' lh,.u:¢C·,; .th,e·..•.m;e ;.,;~,g~... ,., ,·.·...
ization
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as 1 hen••• will' Deselected "i_'y.".:·_.. .
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and unc.f&~ pt~p.~ty
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a.\U:ce8.0"·~
iate... st:te; ,ae""l•••
tn ~.Unt,~Stat.' .haS.iU80 O$fJ.rl j~icta;~y
e I'·ta.·hi.'118I1.ed.See"- •.1.. ..."'ia~·""':i '0"f . ' .... .. "'fIiU'•• b:ei.~ .....'... W'I=J......- . . . Q ,
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Ame.t~q~,8.atatU:tQaB, aUOiwht.c,h,-.ie:~.ul\b.,s.ot··. .·;tK$O:
c....... ,
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petJ':,eeuted·.a:s.j.w8;.:n:*~U.iOu·o,,·ita~Wp'.O~.i~ '. It'",oUld:~fhe
a~niB~a:ttve'l" feasfblflt (or'"••. tAa*, oJie~~I&ni"a~n"'~to~ 'iij:t 'as'
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cliJ.imB>foj."i~,
Wiw. thera~er'bri~f.tittitOtY·pe:fic)d.. l";;":o.&,,t .' "
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con.ider.ablem8.gzit.~IiIi&adof
gs.;"aic:qmp1e:.a.1iy', ..'Th. :ilil.~:e.,f .
·th~· task •••~h tba~ if·,miUtpedOW:e' .8'8 aWifty~by a ';.1ng~'O~ig~t,;i;;,
zati~D.wllich· wlli,beab'l,e to ·~1.B.~ ·Ul.p*6p~*tYiiltmg w~_b1.e· .
~peci1ied~a.teIOJ'Y;' .
At
t.h.e iJa(m•• ~." 'itjb;ou.J4beriC:.Pi.eatli&*:·~.t~ i'S
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acme.! ii,·~{tl1e·.iatute·'.to P . - e "4!tIreta.~.. ........
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relief ag~JU:lluJ ,Deed nC).t b~" anct incteed1D,~y~'~se.~UJ."~t.·be.~;
membel'.~lthe' ~ase" ~beU.De8iguatio1i'~~ ili;e,~a.; ,&,'fi~.ilol~· ..
succesaoJ" org~Uon wlUf;,,'.$pect 't.oiew't'llp~O,pe.ttv~' '~~~tJ~'e,
would. fh:DO'wayp*,eJ\UUce.andwi11btf~t,lDaximb:~~ tlt~'\ttu~ilt:io,D
of the eutmedp"Qpe~~ t'or
the .p.c~.cf p~se. ~
'5 .Theap~tcatioJlo{th.
Jl\sO limit8i~srequ. _t' fo.. a;e;jjgna~
tioli .... ;,4e8ipa~,a~' asuccaasol" to j;ewi'h.p~ope1"ty: ana~peeifie8: ;th:e
use· Gf~.p.ope.tY.i' itaproceeci'sfor lewish ~eU~f .pu.q,j).~8. it is
felt that oi:hel' 61!:~a.~izatioue
eaa. moJ,oeaPPJ'op"'ia~ly dtecba'~lel\eBponSi ..
bUrtles ,"t~:re:.p.t;ttonf)n~ Jewish plIGputlee ana. pet.e¢utees~ .since
�the JRSOhas from the outset oper.ated in, and i.s consequently expert
in, only the field of Jewish claims:, ariel Jewish. relief :needs., Neverthe
;~l;
less. the, lRSO proposes to take whatever s~eps a:fefelistbletci) furnish
infor~tic;nwithrespec1; ,to possible non-jewlshelaim$ to
other
appropJ!'iate organiza.tions,and to,cooperate fUJ.~y 'wi~ such other
inter.ested organizations.
As stated lnthe R.eport
, mittee on Interstate and ForeignCommer.ce,
ot the House
qc:nn
the great bulk of the
prope:rty involved" and of the persecutees ~'Y'olvedt a.reJewis,h.
In
the course of the wot"k preparatoJ:'ytofiling claims fol,' thispr.opet"ty,
information :relating to non-J'ewish,'pl',opel'tie,$ may weUbe developed.
This information Will, of coul"se.beavailable to such organizations
.
.
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a.smay be designated in the nQn-Jewish field" whiCh should greatly
reduce
01'
eliminate
admin~$trati'Ve, costs
for such
01,'gan~aatib118.
In this latter connection, it :may be pointed out that the prO
visions of ~blic Law 6Z6 require
tpat adminlstrative expenses and
similaJ!' charges connected with the ,filing .of claims for orthe"recovery
of pl'opertlem or interests not be charged against the
interestsreco'Vered.
properti~s'
or:
These ftmda.will be provided the .1RSC> from
sources .otherthanassets falling wlthintbe scope of Public Law6?6.
6.
The app:ropl'iateofiictals of the JRoo are at any tiloment'
prepared to conswtwith such officer
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agency as the PreSidentmay
designate on' any'matters connected 'With .the applicatioll to which this
.
memorandum is attached.
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'SIDNEYOROSSj,Chief
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Lega::1 ~ndLegis'l;a.tiv:e Section
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l/I7-· '~=-.i~::;r-.:::~=;.c~.,--=,.:..~.:1
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s. ______________________
~
.A BI,LL
a8 am.neled.. SO as toproVid:e
for allowance of certai,D claims by .ncceseor organiz.ationa to
heidesa
,orWlcla.im~
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pr.operty..
.
,
United States of America in CODiress alsembled,
fu.rther ameaded by ad.&. at thee_elusion thereof:
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TheP.resideDt orsu.ch' officer
and directed.
as It. may'designate is, authorized
to allow c:bWDS forretu.r». of. proper.tyor interests pr:esentcea.
·pursuant to this 8\lbsocticm. by a succes8orol'·ga.ntzatiOD preVi:o\lslydesignated
and
Jl after
~~.!!~!!~~,_!~!.~:dS in the OOice of A1ieDProper~y.
the PI' e.ide!l~ ,or .uchollice!' has not ad.duc.ed inform·ati()n""e8ta~!!~~.i.~~
existenc,of .8A,~~.p,1;il.bldtvi~u8.l, da.bDa.D~to •.uch pi<>pert}t"oJ' i:nt'''refJt~
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bauwens, Valerie (Archives docs collected)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Box 108
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
956181-bauwens-valerie-archives-docs-collected
956181
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/c0a1349e96dbd9e03e1c8f32043353d8.pdf
85b5e94ac20c58e1fd726ac15f5c5980
PDF Text
Text
Presidential Advis'ory Commission on
Holocaust Assets in the United States
PCHA
Box 54
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»
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»
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Akinsha, Konstantin materials from Archives II 7-14-00
Bauwens, Valerie - Archives documents collected
Davidson, Joel- Documents from the National Gallery of Art
Fallon, Colin - Misc. materials removed from McNair desk
Fallon, Colin - Documents from Helen Junz's Restitution Paper.
FeIiyvesi, C. - Archives II documents & Egon Mayer's emails
Gilbert, Abby - Various materials collect from
History Associates - Archives documents delivered late November
O'Connor, Ellen - List of Appendices for Policy Document (In Chronological
Order) Oct. 15, 1999
Petropolous,Jonathan - Misc. materials
Pienknagura, Karen - Names Dossier
Roussin, Lucille - Documents from unknown source
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106
their zone"
was submitted in November'1944, it took the British five
and the United States, which had a primari ly
months to comment.
agricultural zone, wanted to limit what its zone had to
contribute.
these talks.
Cultural items were not on the agenda during
With a stalemate in Moscow, the
two EAC delegations never directly c6mmented.
.\
tion on the agenda of .the EAC.
The British urged softening the mandatory,provisions
Because of the deadlock on reparations, President
involving the ACC
Truman ordered the American EAC delegat:ion to abstain from
meant
non~cultural
9
In reality, this priin~rily
and eliminating reference to foreign
experts operating in the zones of occupation.
They alsq
wanted to exclude all possibiliti of using cultural material
restitution, because the reparations
.for reparations, once claims for replacement-in-kind,were
dispute revolved around factories, industrial equipment, and
transportation stock.
This shows
the relatively low priority occupied by cultural restitu
repar~tions
issue was referred to the Big Three'meetirig in Berlin.
any d:lscussions on restitutioh.
It is interesting to note that the other
. "
sat~sf~ed.
Therefore,' the Americans'did partici
11
'They also advocated setting a~ time limit for,
pat~ to some extent in discussions on'cultural restitution.
Different 'problems, though, also created a deadlock in this
.
_filing restitution claims
Ithefilin g of a claim to turn over the item or face the
are~of
.
o
q propose'd
possibili ty of
restitution-in-kind (turning over a comparable
restitution •
In
object).
1, the British responded to the American-
The British comments caused, a stir among the
"Draft Directi'ire No.2: Control of Works of Art
and Monuments.'"
.
substantially .unchanged'by the bureaucracy in
Department.
is
i1>~
' on restitution and CO.,nse.rvation.
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g~
01·
~
~hat
the ACC could demand transfer of title to looted objects
:l '':
o
~
The draft also stated
~!
'_.'-.-_.
";
/
hidden anywhere in tne world,lO
l
.
Sumner "McKnight Crosby i special advisor to the
Roberts Commission and stationed ~rt London from March B
~ashington,
through June 10, 1945, agreed with the British that some time
proposed a strong role for the ACC in establishing policies
;.
I
Though the American proposal
9 Ibid ., p. 1236.
limit was. necessary, lest restitutions g6 on indefinitely.12
Ilplanning Committ,ee Comments on EAC (45) 35: "Comments
by the U.K. Delegation on U.S. Directive No.2, 'Control of
Works of Art and Monuments,'" File "134.4," Records of the
European Advisory Commission, RG 4 3 . '
.
12 Sumner'McKn~g h' t crosby, "The Act~ng Secretary 0 f
.
.'
.
.
State's Letter to Justice OWen J. Roberts, February 27, 1945,
re the restitution of works of art, books, . 'archives, and
--
10Draft Directive No.2, File ";1.34.1," Records of
the European Advisory Commisslon, RG 43.
~-~
~.
.
Americans in London, the Roberts Commission·, and the State
The draft directive, originally prepared
by the Joint United States Advisors t6 the EACand left
~
and giving Germans two years from'
J
~
�109
108
s:rosby, Philip E. Mosely,
The whoie question of cultural restitution-was
advisor to Ambassador
Winant, and the Roberts Commission; strongly resisted the
enmeshed in the reparations question, and debates over the
British enhancement of the zonal commanders' role at the
extent of continued Allied
expense of the ACC.
Allied controls in Germany.
They felt this would hinder a unified
.
' t 1.0n program. 13
Al-l1.ed cu 1 tura 1- rest1.tu '
, and the nature of
Not only were there inter
governmental divisions, but splits within the united States
In wash;i.ngton, disagreements on-cultural- restitution
Government.
In light of these irreconcilable conflicts,
!rinciPles are best seen in the light of the on-going German
the State Department sent Ambassador Winant on June 7 a
~olicy
draft "Agreement on Principles Governing Restitution of
disputes described earlier in this study.
The State
Department and Roberts Commission wanted a strong ACC role
in restitution,
~articular~y
International body.
(
within the framework of an
-9
members of the Ame.rican delegation to the Reparations
particularly chairman Edwin Pauley and member
Jisador Lubin, leaned towards- using cultural items for
~
.
reparations.
They opposed accepting the proposed British
P~Ohibition.14
The American proposal reaffirmed the Declaration of
.
The reparations issue als9 created some conflict.
We will see-that this issue came up at the
attempted to compromise
where possible and evade where necessary.
- Mili tary leaders were suspicious of an
international group operating in the Ainerican zc)ne~
~ommission!
CulturaL property," that
January S,_1943, on the German obligation to restore looted
items
and the assumption that all property transferred
, during
the occupation was done under duress. IS- -Roberts
Commission suggestions on no restitution-in-kind involving
'German religious obj~cts
use prior to -1938, and the
~stricting of this form of restitution so as not to
or artistic materials \V'ere
Ge~many altogether of its historic
Berlin Conference and created a serious conflict within the
\.
. l.ncorpora t e d • 16
American military government.
put forward by Sumner-McKni~ht Crosby, prohibited restitution
Y
,
Another idea from the Roberts Commission,
in-kind claims for looted items already accepted by a claimant
other cultural property," File "134.4," Records -of the
European Advisory Commission, RG 43.
13Minutes, 26 April 1945, File "Special Meeting-
April 26, 1945," Minutes of Meetings, RG 239.
14 d . s ., Department of State, Foreig~ Relations· of the
---Unit-ed--States':"- Dipromatic-Papers, --194-S-, _vol ;--2, -Generar: -------
Political and EConomic Matters (Washington, D.C.: united
States Government Printing Office, 1967),- p. 945.
nation.
This eliminated the possibility of complica_ted
"
,17
mu 1 t1.ple cla1.ms pver an l.tem.
lSIbid., p. 944.
-~~.---~~-.----------
17
.
Ibid., p. 940.
16 Ibid .
------;----- ----.---
�r
110
i
The draft avoided issues hotly debated within the
111
approach.
The French wanted to use restitution:-in-kind as-
American government by making no reference to an inter
a threat to force the Germans to divulge the locations of
national re'sti tution commission, and stitching together
looted property.
compromise wording on the use of art objects for reparations.
kind using analogous German objects, but they also desired
Items in public or private German collections were exempt
a monetary form of compensation.
from reparations, p'ending the determination of claims for
did not take an analogous object, then they could assess and
restitution-in-kind.
collect the monetary value?f the looted item.
This left open the theoretical
p'ossibilfty of using art objects for reparations, but, in
effect, froze these:items pending resolution of the complex
restitution-in-kind issue.
18
Those favoring the use of art
The French wanted not only restitution-in:
21
In other words, if they
This sounded
suspiciously like-reparations.
Basically, tqe conflict between the French and the
Americans was rooted in d~fferingviews on the entire
objects in reparations were mollified by a provision that
reparations-restitution issue.
restituted items would not count as· credit against Germany's
reparations limited to certain industrial and agricultural
reparations obligations~19
categories, with. restitution restricted to works of art,
British proposals were met in a similar fashion of
compromise and evasion.
The idea. of a two year limit on a
The United Sta'tes favored
securities, and certain types of capital goods.
Restitution
. in-kind, for the Americans, wasstrictly.limited to unique
restitution claim,befor~ one forrestitution~in-kind was
objects, such as works of art.
filed, was accepted.
approach that allowed restitution-in-kind for all_ cultural
22
and non-cultural items from German assets.
As a result of
The proposed weakening of the ACC role
in restitution was met by' not mentioning the ACC!20
The draft agreement, product of onerous Roberts
The French favored a broad
their historic and war-time. experiences, the French had a
Commission, State Department, and Allied negotiations since
much harsher attitude than the Americ'ans concerning the
the summer of.·1944, failed to elicit from the EAC a response
treatment of Germany.
commensurate to the labor involved.
Special Advisor Crosby
reported to the Roberts Commission that, while the British
EAC agreemeht on the American proposal was
improbable given French disagreement with the American
were generally favorable, the French had a much different
18Ibid., p: 944.
19 Ibid .
20 Ibid .
. 2lReport, 23 June 1945, rile "Sumner McK. Crosby-
Special Adviser Report of," Minutes of Heetings, RG 239.
22Fbreign Relations, 1945, vol. 3, European Advisory
Commission: Austria; Germany, p. 1172.
.\
~
~
~
~
~."
.~
~
<l
~
�"
, 112
approach and Russian silence.
113 .
With
on priciples
impossible,.attention next turned to
tional restitution commission.
an interna
At this point, the Americans
The British had a slight variation on the French
proposal, and they urged the membership of all interested
allied governments.
as an
played the silent role.
Robert Murphy, political advisor to SHAEF, informed
Both western allies viewed the comission
inter-governmental,.semi-j~dicial
body transmitting its
findings to the ACC, which would issu~ any orders.
26
The
Gen. Clay of heated EAC debate on June 26 concerning a
American delegate was silent in the face of.
restitution commission.
his government could not reach a decision on the idea of a
The Soviet delegate said his country
this, since
viewed ,the proposed commission as a violation of, the
restitution commission.
authority of the four powers .• The Soviets suggested that
.stalemated, the EAC delegates had no' choice but to refer the
the Occupying Powers file their claims through the ACC and
matter to the ACC, which held its first meeting in Berlin on
its Reparations, Deliveries and Restitution (RDR) Division.
June 29.,
Other Allied governments could·present their claims to the
"·
ACC t h roug h accre d ~te d
"I'
~tary
m~
""
m~ss~ons.
23
Strong views on cultural restitution were the.norm,
not only among EAC members, but throughout Europe.
The French and British pointedly noted the possible
impropriety of the Big Four jUdging their own claims, and
the resentment the other powers would feel at being excluded
from the process.
with the cultural restitution issue
Both countries saw the need for a restitu
Foreign Offices of
The
, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
spoke for the other small states when they submitted ·identi
ly worded aid!=-memoires to .the British government, for
forward~ng
to the EAC.
They urged the immediate creation of
tion commission to receive claims from Allied governments
an inter-allied organization to supervise cultural restitu
and,adjudicate" conflicts. 24
tion under the authority of the ACc.
The French
a commission
with permanent representation of the Four Powers, with the
hoc membership of Allied governments in
them.
concerning
25
27
The three countries
proposed a freeze on the movement of all cultural articles',
the return or 'replacement of all looted cultural items, and
that restitution-'in-kind take place within six months of the
23Robert Murphy, '!EAC Delegations on Restitution,
. 30 June 1945," Fi Ie "EAC Directive No. 2 and Pertinent
"Papers," Ardelia Hall Collection, General Records, Modern
Military Field Branch, Record Group 260, The Washington
National Records Center, Suitland, f.faryland.
24 rbid •
2
26
rbid
..
27Memorandum
the United Kingdom representative to
the EAC,·5' May 1945,
ilEAC Directive No.2 and Pertinent
rs," Ardelia Hall Collection, General Records, RG 260.
""'"
a
.~
,q
<\
~
~
tl
~
�I
ll4
signing of the 'Instrument of Surrender. 28
"t'·
Exclusion of the smaller Eur0p'ean states from any control
over restitution machinery or principles created a great deal
of resentment and suspicion, just as the French and British
I
I
I
only during certain periods.
more important.
security, the economic rehabilitation of Germany and Europe,
th~ gro~th of th~ free enterprise syste~,
.
The failure to settle restitution policy at the EAC
Other interests were often
These included concern for American
men t 0 f commun1sm.
EAC delegates foresaw.
I
purge elements of American policy, were given lligh priority
Obviously, ,these
proposals were most compatible with the French position.
115
30
and the contain
'American cultural restitution policy,
never a matter of overriding importance to top policy
} level meant that riiili tary authorities in Germany had to
managers, is best understood within the context of a conti
, settle the issue.
nuity of American interests underlying the course of the
To. understand the development of cultural
restitution policy in the United States zone of occupation,
J'we must first look at general American policies followed in'
Germany.
The general historical interpretation of American
occupation policy is that 'it was
ii"
unclear~
fraught with inter
United
St~tes occupat~on.
The immediate problem confronting the American
miiitary was how to keep the Germans in the United States,
zone aiive.
The devastation in Germany was unbelievable.
nal conflicts, and operated in a vacuum' until 1947.
Cities were in ruin, industry was ata halt, and agricul
Revisionists view American policy through the lens .of·
tural output was minimal.
ideology and the east-west conflict of the Cold War.
reluctant' "occupying force, wanted "to provide only the
Perhaps ,the more realistic view, is
...'
tha~
of occupation
The Army, in many ways a
min,imum assistance necessary
and 'hasten' the moment when it
policy enmeshed within the evolution or-American foreign,
coul,d 'turn its respons:ibili ties over to ciyilian authorities,
policy vis'-a-vis the former Allies.
either American or German .. Military Governor Dwight
This perspective, most
persuasively presented by John Gimbel, sees
..
'
an d po11c1es, governed b y a b roa drange .0 f
actions
29
Some
interests, particularly those revolving around the anti-Nazi
,28 Ibid •
29 John Gimbel, The American Occupation of Germany:
Politics ahdthe Military, 1945-49 (Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1968), p, xiii.
Eisenhower, and his successors, Joseph T. McNarneyand
Lucius D. Clay, consistently sought to turn over the Army's
duties to American civilians <?r a revatnped'German,civil
"
.31
a am1n1strat10n.
The fact that they were not successful.
30 Ibid •
31Robert Murphy,. Diplomat Among Warriors (New York:
Doubleday & Company, 1964), p. 230.
�-~
,
127
12.6
In light of the continuing
over restitution,
Edwin Pauley and Gen. Clay 'sought ,President Truman's approval
the interim cultural restitution plan devised by the
. Secretary Ernest, Bevin urge';l'Secretary of' Sta,te James -Byrnes
~o re~onsider
shipping German art to the United States.
Bevin felt the American move would creat~ ill-will ,a:mo~g,the
.
Germans and make' Allied cqntrol more'diffic,ult. 55, Bevin
"
USGCC, (Germany).
~auley, head of the American dele9ation to
the Allied . . ; , . . Commissiop,wanted control over both
Reparations
.
.
reparations ?nd restitution matters.
He did not favo'r
stressed that the European, allies, who favored·.i strong
. '"
restitution'-iri-kind, policy', would object to American ,control
.
. " '
separating the two'~ubjects,. a "posi tion 'strongly advocated
of German art obj
by the BrItish.
exposed the' flimsiness' of the 'official American explanation'
r:rhe Bri,tish also absol utelyopposed ,the use
of art in reparations.
Ciay wished to re'lieve 'the United'
The' FOreign Secr'etary pointedly
fpr~the proposed transfer ~~hich was the, lack of
States Army 6fsomeof its unwanted ~esponslbilities. 'Both
facilities in Germany to safeguard the works of· art'.
m~n
noted the'dangers of trans-Atlantic shipping, and he insi-sted
favored using German 'art asa category of reparations.
,Truman, ,approved 'Clay's memorandum and granted Pauley the,
,
.
"
respo~sibilities ,he desired}3
~
'1"
.
t h ere were. a d equate f acl. l.tl.es.l.n Germany. 56
Russian Foreign Minister Molotov also expr¢ssed .
Pauley immediately informed
Gen. Eisenhowerof'Truman's order; and that hi~ 'representa
.
,
54
tive'would coprdinaterestitution and reparations activities.
It cert_ainly seemed-that Pauley and Clay 'had won'the day.'
Bevin
coolness to the Category C idea.
to
He' felt this,was contrary
spirit of the january 5, 1943, decla~ation.'
..
Byrnes .
'. told the American Alnbassador in Moscow; 'Averell Harriman-,
Within 'the' framework of these events ~the American government'
that. the Russians ,must not have .understood that, Category C
announced,the transfer of 202 German pilintingsfrom' ,the Kaiser
items were German, not looted
Museum
------------------
uniikely that the aS,tute Molotov misunderstood.
in, Berlin to the United Sta,tes for safekeep
A~lied pr~perty. 57
is ,
pe,rhaps
Secretary Byrnes did not grasp the allusion to Nazi looting
ing. '
, uproar resulti!1g from the President I s order on
restitution, and the announced transfer of the 202 paintings,
forced. a different American approach.
British, Foreign'
53Foreign Relat'ions, '1945~ .The Conference of Berlin,'
voL 1, p. 513.
54 Ibid .
tactics •
. Domestic reaction to ,the proposed restitution .plan
and the trp.nsfer of ,the 202 paintings was equally negative'.'
.
55FOreign Relations, 1945,: vol. 2, GEmeral: Political
and Economic Matters, p. 949.
56
-
,Ibid., p. 950.
57 Ibid ., p .. 947.
�128
129
MFA&A officers were opposed to what they regarded as little
Nonetheless, the Secretary of state insisted t.hat there was
more than t_heft.
not quite room for all the items, and so a small nUmber (20i)
the Category C
staff. 58
As John Brown noted, Truman' s approval of
idea had cr!=ated _de
among
th~
t4FA&A
Art and academic ci,rcles in the United state's
actively lobbied against the idea.
Former MFA&A officer
Charles L. Kuhn, from Harvard Unive'rsity, published
a
broad
required
Kuhn charged that United
representatives
This was unqoubtedly
to save face for Gen. Clay, the foremost advocate of the
"safekeeping-'~
In his memoirs, Clay
'61
this as the only reason for the proposed transfer.
side against the transf~r of the 202 paintings in the College
Art
in the United States.
explanation.
To conform with the British position, the United
States moved to reseparate the reparations and restitution
on the Reparations Commission and General Clay wanted to use
issues
these paintings, which were Category C, for_ reparations.
Pauley's: triumph was ,short-lived.
Kuhn refuted the government's claim that conditions in Germany_
realistic possibility that the United
justified the move.
in the same category as factories and ships.
He asserted that the MFA&A had refur
bished a museum in Wiesbaden that was perfectly adequate for
the paintings.
Petitions and protests poured into
W~shington
issues of
sought a way out.
59
State~~ould
place art
The knotty
control and disposition were now left in
OMGUS authorities faced a difficult situation when
the delegates at the Berlin Conference referred the restitu
tion question:to the Conference of Foreign -Ministers, which
British opposition was probably the
producing a new approach.
Never again was there a
the hands of four military men.
from art and academic circles opposed to the transfer of art.
In the face of this fires,torm, the Truman Adrilinistration
and have them dealt with primarily by the ACC.
factor- in
Byrnes wrote Ernest Bevin that
was not scheduled to meet until October.
Allied nations were
clamoring for the return of industrial items necessary for
after reconsideration the United States felt it was safe for
their economic recovery.
the bulk of the contested art objects to remain in Germany.60
their cultural treasures returned immediately.
58
John N. Brown to John Walker, 13 August 1945, File
"5a1946," Ardelia Hall Collection, General Records, RG'260.
59Charles L. Kuhn, "German Paintings in the National
Gallery: A Protest, II Colleg-e Art- Journal, 5 (January 1946) :
78-81.
60FOreign Relations, 1945, vol. 2, General: Political
and Economic Matters, p. 955.
In addition, the Allies wanted
With no
international agreement in sight, American officials faced
the question of whether to implement a unilateral restitution
policy
or wait for an agreement with the other Occupying
Powers.
6Lucl.US D. Cl ay, Decl.sl.on . Germany,
1,
" . l.n
.
N.Y.: The Country Life Press, 1950), p. 309.
(Gar d C ' t y,
en 1.
�I'
131
130
Circumstances in the American Zone forced Gen. Clay
of items submitted by the Europeans.
to change his earlier stance on·no restitution without an
Allied agreement.
As
h~
with valuable culturalitems}2
appear.
Despite these moves,
the Americans clearly understood the need for a comprehensive
reported to Gen. Eisenhower,
American troops had already located 500
64
agreement that covered all the zones of occupation.
filled
The British, also under pressure from their conti
undoubtedly, many. more would
nental allies for
:Eisenhower,., in light of President Truman's approval
submitted
an
'interim restitution
plan to the ACC that 'covered non-cultu'ral items. 65
The ACC
of the OMGUS, memorandum on disposition of art objects in the
referred the proposal to the Coordinating Committee (CORC),
United States Zone, ·directed the immediate return of art, works
which consisted of the four deputy military governors
in Categories A and B.63 . Given the heated reaction to
i:
Category C, only token moves w.ere ordered for these items.
restitution program thrbughoqt the fall.
tions that covered cultural itemli?, as well as industrial,'
United States wanted to relieve, the
of its Allies
and lift from itself.
responsibili~ies ~ithcultQral
preservation.
Immediate
conflict brok~ out in theCORC and this delayed the entire
Lucius Clay immedi'ately issued restitution instruc
agricultural, and transportation equipment.
responsible for making recommendations to the ACC.
The Russians first of all insisted that restitution
Clearly, the
was ~nder the jurisdiction' of the Council of Foreign Minis
economic hardship
ters, and thus was not a subje~t the ACC'or the subordinate
and troublesome
group of deputy military governors, the' CORC, could discuss.
Clay's instruc
when the Foreign
tions, in keeping with earlier American proposals sul?mitted
to the EAC, provided..for Allied Restitution Missions
.1:0
knotty 'r~stitution
wor~ .
Russians no longer had a
in the American Zone, aft.er OMGUS reviewed the initial lists
62Indorsement to memorandum, "Art Objects in U.S.
Zone, 29 September 1945," File, "Misc. Correspondence RD&R
Div. USGCC 1945,·11 Economics Division, Director's Office,
General Correspondence (Shipment 3, 121-2), Modern Military
Field Branch, The Washington National Records Center,
'.
Suitland, Maryland, RG 260.
63Memorandum, "Restitution Pol
and Procedu+,e,
24 September 1945," File' "PlanS--MFAA," Ardelia Hall'
Collection, General Records, RG 260,
decided they could not settle the
and re'ferred it to the ACC, the
for their.objection.
Thee
Russian delegate, Gen.Sokolo"vsky, next blocked matters by
stating that the Soviet Union could not agree to any'resti
J
j
tution actions until an overall definition for the term
64 Ibid ..
65'
"CORC/P(45)36 (Revise), .10 September 1945, File
.
"CORC/P(45) 1-60," Re'cords of the' Allied Control Council,
Germany, 1941-1950, Diplomatic Archives Branch, Record
Group 43, The National Archi ves,Washington, D. C.
vol. 3, European Advisory
345.
66
�c'
133
132
I
"restitution" and the property covered by the term was
settled.
67
This very point had eluded the EAC, the delegates
11
at the Berlin Conference, and the Council of Foreign Ministers.
Because of these Soviet objections, the CORC instruc
ted the Reparations, Deliveries and Restitution Division (RDR)
to work on an acceptable
d~finition
plan~
and an interim
interested in assisting French industrialists who had
,
'h
collaborated Wlt t h e German war e f fort. 69
The French were odd men out in debates focusing on
replacement-in-kind.
They wan'ted this to, apply, to non
cultural and cultural items.
The Soviets would accept
replacement-in-kind only for unique cultural works that
This was consistent with the CORC's responsibilities in
not recovered. 70
implementing ACC decisions, supervising German administrative
this subject coincided with the Russian position.
'units, and supervising inter-zonal transaction~.
intetim
restitution~
the
RD~
prepared separate
In studying
~apers
for
cultural and 'non:"'cultural items, although they worked on an
overall
definition,covering-bot~
categories.
Consideration
Long"':held American and British views -on
with the CORC deadlocked throughout october and
November on the definition and scope of restitution, theRDR
focused its efforts on reaching an agreement for the interim
restituti6n 'of cultural works.
M. Glasser, the yrench
,of cultural restitution was delayed, while ,- the members of the(
represe,ntativein the RDR, confronted his Soviet colleague,
CORC and RDR wrangled over the definition
Col. Volegov, with a request to reaffirm Gen. Sokolovsky's
issues primarily relating to
non-c~ltural
and'sensitive
property.
The Soviet Union wanted to re~tr{ctre~titution only
to those items removed hy force.
68
The French 'delegate on
"
~greement
't e I l
to restl u tcu tura 1't ems. 71
"
Vo1 egov, ln Vlew
of the French-Soviet impasse on restitution, would only repeat
the position of his superiors that restitution had to wait
the CORC, Gen. KOeltz, noted that the January 5, 1943,
until an agreementwc3.s; ~eached on the d.efini tion.
Declaration included dispossession by any means wha'tever.
Russian did agree to the establishment of a Cultural Works
The
While his two western colleagues supported Koeltz, Gen.
Sokolovsky causticall'y commented that the Russians were not
67"CORC/P(45)167 (Revise), 30 November 1945," File
"CORC/P(45) 116-176," Records of the Allied Control Council,
Germany, 1941-1950, RG 43.
68Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. 3, European Advisory
Commission: Austria; Germany, p. 1426.
69 Ibid .
70"CONL/P(45)65, 4 December 1945," File "CONL/P(45) ,'"
Records of the Allied Control Council, Ger many, 1941-1950,
RG 43.
71Minutes of the Seventh Meeting, Reparations,'
Deliveries and Restitution Division, 18 October 1945, File
"DRDR/M(45)," Records of the Allied Control Council, Germany,
1941-50, RG 43.
�134
Committee that was supposed to resolve cultural
restitu~ion'
The deadlock .over the restitution issue re
~2
the broader Allied disagreem'ents over r,¢parationsand the
This Committee drew up an ,interim plan
~void
to
eqonomic·development o'f Germany.
m.ost of the controversies that plagued efforts to
settle the' ove,rall' restitution question.
The Russians were
n9t 'inte:r:~sted in any ,re's.titution pr~gram, because they
Restitution:' was
viewed German industrial equipment as 'the needed
to easily identifiable items of well-)mown owner~,
.
:'
.
" .
.
, .'
73
'.
.
wh1ch were taken. dur1ng theoccupat10n.
.The 1nter1m
ments for their own devhstated economy.
only
desperate economically, ,
The, 'Russians not
also .that
'had
plan provided 'for a broadening of.theterms'at a later date.
cont,:ributed the most to the
The idea behind. this was to begin cult'~ral restitution in,all
sarcastic cOIllIllent to. Kgeltz about French collaboration witt!
.
{':
the 'Germans had legitimately
Sokolovsky'.s
the Germans, indicates, the depti} of feel.{ngs~ ,The' Russians
"'four zones, without bogging down in the question :of whether
.
."
"
of. Hitler.
for any· items , or if the.
were simply "not int~rested:j.n returning equip'ment belonging
.
.
. '
se
had acted voiuntarily.
documentary,
All moveab.le goods of religIous,
to the western allies
, or historic:: value, nthe
, , of. their zone with the other three Occupying Pow.ers.
di!?appeq.rance of which constitutes a loss to,the cuItural,
The situ'ationwas
"heritage of the country, concerned," were' included in :the
..
' ,74
'
. '
,
definition.,
Th~.. plan also ,provided' p:rocedures for claimant
pati.ons to follow:
- ."". -..,--
review claims. 75
-
" -<
-
-
-.-
in regard, to cult'ural,
Whiie paying some 'lip service to the prip.ciple of' returning
"
'
the cultural heritage of other nations, British MFA&A officers
These included submitting
already reported that the 'Russians were running the'German
lists of mis~ing items and establishing pa~els of
~,.
orin sharing the economic products
to
·
'I'
d
junct ·to 1ts.. m1 1:tary comman. 76 'f 1ne arts 'program ·as ,an -ad"
~
Though the RDR approved the plan, 'nothing
Foreign restitution, missions were not allowed. in the Soviet
further'couid'be done until the CORC and the ACC finally
Zone·.
During discussions in the ACC, CORC, or RDR, the
the scope of the restitution program.
Russians gave little ·evidence of int.erest, in expediting
72 Ibid .
cultural restitution.
76~oIithly MFA&A Report,Septernber 1945, File,
73FOreignRelations, 1945, vol. 2, Ge'neral: Political
and E60nomi~Matters, p. ~55.
74 Ibid •
MFA&A
1945,"
75 Ibid .
·1
of British Zone--Field Reports, Apri'l-October,
Hall collection, General Records,-RG260.
,---
�140
of some eight-four officers and men to theMFA&A program,
.
85
they could only scratch the surface.
Major works were
CHAPTER 5
returned, such as the "Adoration of the,Mystic Lamb" and the
stain'ed glass windows of the Cathedral of Strasbourg (to
Belgium and France, respectively).
ALLIES AGREE ON RESTITUTION
The discovery of the
Despite the CORe recommendation on the definition
library of the Nazi looting unit, the Eihsatzstab Re'ichsleiter
for restitution, ,Allied debate and divisions continued.
Rosenberg, led to the return of twenty-five trainloads of
86
objects clearly French in origin.
This still left literally
the sixteenth ACC meeting; Gen. SOkolovsky proposed amend
ments to the CORC proposal.
mill'ions of objects'.
which was based on a compromise originally presented by Gen.
pre'servation, and resolution of difficult or disputed cases.
Clay.
Allied agreement on principles and procedures was urgently
The Russians insisted on a new clause that permitted
any of the united Nations to receive compensati6~ from
The MFA&A program also needed the enlightened sup
port and interest of top military governme~t officials.
He did this in spite of the
fact that the Russians had accepted the CORC de~inition,
A laborious task lay ahead involving identification~
needed'.
Germany for any of its items used in,the reparations program.
The
other than~orcewere eligible for restitution only if this
continue to be ov~rtakenby larg~r issues'qnd events.
did not interfere with reparations.
85posfe, "U.S. ~rotection of Libraries," 1: chap. 7,
The Soviets wanted to
ensure that they received compensation for any Russian pro
r
86Report of the American Commission, p. 1381.
l
According to ~~e CORC definition, any items removed by means
new year of 1946 showed that cultural: restitution would
_ p. 49.
At
perty found in Germany, whether or not force was used in the
original transfer.
,
'
The CORC debated the Russian amendment and the
proposed definition at its weekly meeting on January 17.
1 0 . 8 :, Department of State, Foreign Relations Of the
united States: Diplomatic Papers, 1946, vol. 2, Council of
Foreign Mini'sters (Washington, D. C.: united States Government
Printing Office, 1970), p. 483.
141
�?
138
139
debates in the EAC onward, agreement on cultural restitution
their interpretation of restitution in light of the January 5,
was held back by deep differences on non-cultural restitution
1943, Declaration.
and reparations.
replacement',by equivalent objects for items of
Even though all the Allies
suppo~edly
shared similar
religious,
,
principles regarding cultural property,
reader should not
They argued for complete
~estoration
an
or
artistic,
~ultural, historic, oi scientific nature~82
,
'
Clearly, this clashed, with the American hesitancy concerning
assume the program 'went smoothly from this point forward.
replacement'.
Incredibly complex problemi arose concerning heirless property,
RDR, when a United states representative described how diffi
items belonging to Eastern European,refugees, restitution-in
cult it was to decide what 'objeqt' "is unique, which
kind of unique objects, and the extent 'of the entire cultural
museum,had a 'proper equivalent, and how,to conduct removals
, restitution effort.
~eflected
As we shall see, many of these problems
fundamentally different Allied approaches on, the
American doubts were clearly expressed in the
~erman
while preserving democratic princlples in Germany.83
The small states also called for restitution missions
treatment of Germany, and the future ,deve,lopment of Europe
to operate in each zone of occupation a~d s~a:rchfor missing
itself.
objects. 84
The Paris Conference on Reparations, which met in
This would obviously antagonize the Russians, w:ho
had'no intention of letting anyone roam freely in their zone.
November and December 1945, was a harbinger of future con-'
The United states, for that matter, was not enthusiastic,
flicts.
about this idea.
The soviet pnion ,boycotted the conference,; and
, refused to acknowledge the Inter-Allied Reparations Authority
(lARA)
s~t ~p
by the conference.
81
The Russians insisted
The French were already pressing for the
right to investigate freely in the American Zone.
While they,
awa~ted
an ACC
d~cision
,on, restituti<:m,
reparations agreements was a subject only for the Council of
American MFA&A officers tried to implement their interim
Foreign Ministers ~ ,which had already met failure in, this
cultural restitution plan.
regard.
82
In an annex to the Final Declaration of the Conference"
Albania,
B~lgium,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark I France, ,Greece,
India, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia stated
81FOreign Relations, 19'45, vol. 2, General : Political
and Economic Matt'ers, p. 1281.
Despite the temporary assignment
'
Ibid., p. 1445.
83Minutes ~f the Thirteenth Meeting, Reparations,
Deliveries and Restitution Division, 26 November 1945, File
"DRDR Mt'nute,s, Agendae, Memos,·i Records of the Reparations,
Deliveries and Restitution Division (Shipment 17, Box 8235),
RG 260.
8'4Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. 2, General: Political
and EconomiC Matters, p. 1445.
�136
137
The issues of reparations payments, inter-zonal
kind was'limited to unique cultural objects.
78
They 'would
exchanges of goods, and restitution confounded the Council
not tolerate any threat to their reparations shipments:
of Foreign Ministers and the control machinery in Germany.
French, who ardently 'desired a comprehensive
In light of this impasse, Gen..
kind provision, reluctantly agreed to the Russian position.
presented' a compromise
The
replacement-in~
proposal at the twenty-third CORC meeting designed to achieve
The Americans and British, skeptical of
some progress, at least, with the restitution program.
even for unique objects,.insisted that detailed implementa
united States wanted to satis
restitution
and~
The
the demands of its Allies on
at the same .time, hoped formoverrient· towards.
an agreement that determined which German property was eligf
ble for reparations, how much·each Ally received, and the
terms for· inter-zonal economic exchanges.
tion wait for a separate 'paper. 79
replacement-in~kind
With the deadlock broken,
the CORC adopted a firial definition for the term "restitution,"
and· forwarded it'to the ACC for a decision.
The final definition provided for resti'tution of non
cultural and cultural it'ems',' with Clay's compromise on the
Clay I S November 27t,h proposal defined property liable
return of everything taken by force with all else contingent
to restitution as everything .taken by force, with property
inc 1 uded.
obtained·through other means eligible for return if consistept
interim ,cultural restitution deliveries plan drawn up by ttie
with reparations and the minimum economy necessary for
Cultural Works
. Germany. 77
This was to satisfy the Russian complaint t~at
designating too much property as eligible. for restitution
would· hinder reparations. owed .the . Soviet Union.;
Also., this
definition met western objections that the January 5, 1943,
Declaration covered property taken by other than forceful
The CORC also approved .and sent to the ACC the"
committee~80 . This plan did not draw a distinc
tion between various means of dispossession
cultural .objects were removed by. force.
co·interim·agreement
and assumed all
In effect, this
was.theprograminitiat~dby Gen~
Clay.and
USGCC (Germany) in September . . It is clear that from the first
78 Ib 1Q.
·,
means.
The Russians added a proviso to Clay's proposal at
. the December 12th CORC meeting.
The Russians accepted Clay 's
definition, with the understanding that any replacement-in
77Foreign Relations, 1945, vol.' 3, European Advisory
Commission: Austria'; Germany,' p. 1426.
.
79Minutes of the. Thirteenth Meeting, Reparations,
Deliveries. and Restitution Division, 26 November 1945,
"DRDR Minutes, Agendae,Memos," Records
the :Reparations,
Deliveries and Restitution Division (Shipment 17, Box 7235),
Modern MilitaFY Field Branch, Record Group .260, The Washing
ton National Records ~enter, Suitland, Maryland.
of
80Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. 3, European Advisory
Commission: Austria; Germany, p. 1463~
�OOPY/gr
Lt. F.S.E. 'Baudouin
Belgian Representative
~entral Collecting Paint, Munich
0/0 HQ. 3rd '111G Regt.
.
Li]~\ Section- il.P0407
lEil. Phone, 2816, ext. 227,
TO: Colonel A 1 Ie n
Chief, Restitution Branch OMGUS
Karlsruhe
Dear Colonel
.~len
SiJ3JEor: Actual'Status. of Restitution of Cultural Objects to Belgium Restitution
in Kind.
"
""
,; .~:
, . .' ~
.
"
1. It is a mattereof fact that the bulk of restitution work to allied
countries shortly \'1ill be over.
2. So far as Belgium is concerned, in 'a. few months it \1111 no more be necessary
that a Belgian specialist for art matters would permanently work til Zone •.
.
'
3. Of' course, at that same moment, about one thousand art objects,for ';'lhich
clai.!l1S have been introduced, will still be missing. But, as we mostly do not have
further leads, which 'Nould permit us to make investigations, it will be only the
chQ!lce, that they might be discovered. The'refore, ccmplying with,avery vrlse sug
gestion of 1rFA&:.A, OMGlJS, my headquartersip. Brussels actually prepares' a printed ar;.d
i.llustrated catalog"Ue of the most important miSSing '\:vorks of arts~ This catalogue
w'ill be distributed ver:l so~m, through off'iciaichannels, all over Germany. It'
r.:i~:)":ht cOl:tribute to the discovery of some missing BelC;ianproperty.
.,
•..
4. Ii..s the restitution activit~i i's cO!:1ing to an end, in the meantime, the probler!1
of restitution in kind becomes more important. Up to no~'!, the interpretations of the
Paris agree~ents concerning that' question, given by different authorities, have been
ratter vue,:ue. l..nd my headquarters is so~what afraid that the present difference of
opinion v/ith the respect to the application of the quadripartite agreements concern
..
ing restitution in general, would divert the attention from that delicate probler1.
5. Therefore it would be. highly appreciated by my headq:uarters, if, '(ITe could be' " ...;
informed about the actual point of view of the US Zone authorities, concerning rest.i-,, "
tu.tion in kind. May I apply to you for that question? . I thank you very much ili.
8.d'V'~:i:lce for your reply.
Sincerly yours
IS/B'
F. S.E. Baudou in:.
Lt.
113518
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H. Does the Amerlcnn delegate
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hold his claim?
exactly with last atatelllent ot the Brlthh
WG might not COiltrol pu.hl1c
op'1l',l1on n a country that bad been occupied by Ge:rmany.
It is possible that a tourist from that country might
see suoh a national proptll'ty 20 years bencel' 1n a GarmlUl
museum, and though i t haa a lsgal right to be thera,
i t might have been a bright jf,illlal in the crown of the
country that wile occupied. In suoh.11 aitU!ltion tharll
is no know1Qg exactly what the tourist"s roactions .
might be. 'that is why 1 propoaad thie.
3.~tree
delegatol rmd I rua afraid
l:'. 'l'h~ obsarvo.tion which the Alilerioun delegate hns just
made, and which I undeL"ste.Jld. will certu.iuly be taken'
lnto eonsider'1tlon by the claiming country. It is
suitable to leave tbis <lechion to the nation.
Oonsequently, 1 a.~k the America.n delegato to agree.
'l'hon paragraph e t placed at the end of one paper alJ.d
t'edosig:nrite<J. is unanimously accepted, and just when
th~ committee has come bac~ with its work~
Now I will
rea.d tho redaotion of po.ragraph d: ......
A. I am uncertaina9 to the wording of the Gooond aentanc&.
1".
'AllE:lg'· is Just. a literary criticiBm, wb1ch r will
not bold to. 1 will now rt:tad the text of pa.rugraph f,
whiQh now beCol'llo .. paral5l'aph e.
B. In thla case I have some observ;J.tlons· to mako. The
propoIJal betore Uil as i t 18. ae1hl up a kind of judio1al
tribunal, whose bua.1ness it is to find cOI,tuin facts
on the proof submitted. Tho suitors befol.'etb1:a tribunal
,... ill not be individuals, but Dutions. 'fho affect of
this pro.!iosal therQfore is to elect the Allied Control
Coullcil into a posltion of ~uege over these natiOllfJ,
So pro,po8i:t;ion which up to now has a.lways been r~jactod
by the CO. I am AOt V$ry imprease4 by that because
circumstances do alter the oaaos, and eince thore are
COl'tain faots established for rentltution of CUltural
objects therQ muat be some sort of macbinery sst up to
establish these diacussions. If this group agraos.we
whould do this. even if this is against precedents. It
will then be for' the higher lovels of this organ1zation
to refuse it or replace it by aomething olse. I f we
propose tbis tribWlal. and it is accitptad. I would
suggest to m;y colleagues whether tbey think the RD&H.
Directorato is the rl~ht party on which this tribunal
9hould depend. The Direotorate has only partial or
.
l1mitod authority. 'I: bis tribuna.! should depend on
either CONL or COHC 'Wbich would give it 11101'e authority_
I
Or as an alt''1rnativ8. this cone1derHtion of facts could
be made ona of the rotlpol1sibil1ties of the Zone Commandar.
Of the twoido8.lJ. wheth(jr it would b~ a tribunal depen
dent on CONL or CORe. or would be operata(' by the
Zone Cotrunandur. I ahould pre:rer the latter. First " .
because it seems more prtl.ctical. and seoond because it
conforms to the existing principles ~lnd doae not rnake
a.ny new ,llrinciplae. Howa~ar, my vhwa :o1ra not very strong
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Entry _-eel u/
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as to either case. I will agree with the majoritn
but I felt it was right, however, to submit these
observatio~s for your consideration.
A. It ,as my
underst~ding that cla~s for restitution.
conSidered, not by Zone Commanders bjrtr by the
Directorate. Since ,cl~ims for replacement ~n kind are
comparable to claims for restitution" it seems quite
fitting that the former be considered by the·RD&R
Directorate. If. however, it is felt that a higher
authority should c()n:sider. these claims, .1 agree with
the British delegate to pass them to either CONL or
CORC, more so as the American delegate on CO~C satd he
would be wiLting toconsi,der special cases given the CC.
I do not think these matters should be, referred to the
Zone Comm8.D;ders~ as the qua:d,i-ipartit,e nature of this'
affa~ might then be lost from sight.
are
a.
S. Paragraph
as proposed, as a whole is acceptable to
the Soviet delegate. The proposal made by the British
delegate is of great lnter~stJ but on this, soine points
that are not clear to me arise. Will COROor cONL be
tb:e creatoi" of this tribunal? If it is created by ~he
RD.&R' Directorate, ~t is' riot likely that GONL or CORC
would take it on themselves to guide thiscommisaion.
A quadripartite committee must. be' guided by, 'a higher
quadripartite group, and can be accepted or not accepte.d
. by all fCH,u''' .!Sides,. while a Zone C9irun.ander will represent
only one nation •. Therefore a: Zone Commander on p:t'inciple
is not accep:t;ap+e.' Restitut:\,.on'andreplacement 1;>y
equivalent property· is an essential part 'of the work of
the RB&R Dir.ectorate. It is more correct to leave the
guidance of th1scomidssj,on to an RD&R Commlttee.
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This is a question of great impprtance. It appears to
me that the suggestion of g:l,.ving the decisions of this
question to the Zone Commanders raises major objections.
If we adopt th;s procedtire the unif.ormity ,of view in
execution' would be rapidly lo.st. So I agree 'with the
American and Soviet delegate that the text would need
further thought~' T'he part 'Of the British delegate" s
argument that .1ws,E! mos:t struck by, was that we were
.
setting up ,a tribUnal over national interests as he has
.
stressed it. wt;ich is contrary to :the prece,dent before now.
The question is all the more delicate because the nations .
interested in ~his matter' are not only those aroun.d
this table. but also a lot of others that are not here.
We can accept a representative of our own government
to make our claims to, as it is a. jurisdiction that we
set up ourselve$, but I don.t,t see how we can make other
nations submit themselves to a commission they have
nothing to do ~ith. The British delegate raises a
political problem of international law which, is extremely
delicate, and one which I am excusing myself for not
having thought of b~fore. .1 do not feel author;l.zed to
take a position in this matter without having spoken to
the proper authorities. I don't know if my colleagues
feel the great importance of this matter, andwhe.ther
we should speak to our foreign delegates on this matter.
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B. ,It, .1s a Blatt.roto~aeti48:lPrp~.~*~lIow. ;~f, ~h$,
prop~.al,1D." the ,t'lxt.ls."a~.ab+cft .'aub~.cttc:t' tJ,le
.Fren.ch resGrvatioIF ,we'ShOuldje.D'('! it fo~ 1io 'title
,
J)trect~te, oa+l~jg.ttenti;on '1;ntbe ,c~ i~S ,~.poJ:1;c
to tbe probl.m t~~,a'rlo~~,1,.ll.~ c,,~,~~1ng }~~:~;f~ 1:i1~$r~!i.ti'~~a:~ ,
, tr~:qUDal" wlt~" J\¢isc1ictlo11:C)Yer'Qther 'nati~nll):';It.ou14 '
, thea 'be fQr,;the· l}ireo.tor,at."~~C?1nlke 4ommarulfan:d' '%10 , '
,
doubtth,,~y
or whom
~.cuas w1th~hePOlitlcal"il)1rectGra~.
Will
',
ever~ece s~U7.
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I agr~e' with t~Et 'Brlti8bdelelt~t,e, but 1. don't see, aD.'3
, A.
ofinternat1QJ1u' interest."
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R.The :lntere~t8 of tonat:i:anenotpi'esent.ue" Buffiei~~17 '
complieated. I think .-,;11;, 'would be well to ",r1to ,a. letter
tfJ the D1rect,oratecone~r:ni~g theciaiID.s, ofo~her nM~:tol1a.
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F. ~ am not able tp, transmit the pr()pos1~ions ,~~a,graph,e
andp~ag.raph f to the Directorat.without Cir&.vd.ng , "
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specia.l attent1ol.1.toi,th1a ":ver-g de11¢ate' w:o'blem "l, ' "
hope "our lears ;wl1l-, be 1rl~.
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A. In paragraph ,8 them 1s a matter, oftran~llatlon. 'We.' do
not 883' 'transmitted' but·8\lDmi1:t'.-
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ii' , The Frttllchpape:r
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has·,eellt • ,not, "trrma~1tt*,d'"
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A. ,In the "su~pa.ragraph ,I,wQuld,J.;1ke ~roe~:pha3fte; thatt,he,
experts are
t
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corurultants' it
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This point Is cleaJ;'17 ,stated in the end of pa..~agr.ph ,f'" ,
sub-paragraph e . ,
,A.
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T,bere1s lef1lG ehallC$!or, doubt!f he~e" the r;rstp,l.a.~.
:experts were'm~ntlonEid" the,., were" called' consulfhilnt
experts.'
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wher~
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I have, J;lothing aS8J.natsati,stztli;lgth~ 'A!lle~~,ea:n4el'g~t'••,
but this is not, wn.ero ..fa:,' are 'mentlQm:~ ,the:tr ',:r'Wlct$;Ol1J3~
A. In fef,'erence to'
pa~agr"p,h 4, ",I reqal+ 'Q~'F,J"',1,',~
8\10-,'
',that
we were all'agree(i ;t~t itti3t'-at:i1 of,'~tlll1rig'the'l>0W,a
. •9ommisslon '. w~ would, call' it '~ 'Co_~t~e,f. , ~e,e!pitig" '
iil mind' thec1.ut les tha.t' ,were set for this , Commit'tee:., 'all
the$~ sugges~ed
paragraph.
:cMnges relate to the stu111eao;f' thl:$
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F. The Am.~ic8Jl'd.legate ,pr,Cjpoaee tWOll\odificationsof' te,;d,.·
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o;rhe RD&RD1recto;rate,shouldhave orilyt;Wf.> o()'u~~t~ea;t, ,< , '
tlle Reparations Comm1t,t4!e" a;lld', the' Res1flt~~~l(.)n$ €o~m~tf~.,e.
'llhere1$ neuse ~661v8 to th1sbow tbe t1tl$'Gl' CoifilU;trtee"
but, if ID1' colleagu$$ de'l!.'lre :1 Will'e.greeh, , " ,
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F. 'The ,reasuJns g1.ena~'tlle,Dfr~¢torate for th1$, we:r;'e,t~at1t
it wasq\lalll1ai.t ~saeowli1.ttee' it wot1:Ld' fi;lve
. authorlt7 toth1s ,C_ltt,ee:. ~d i~,wo~l'd l;)~,'mOrel.9rtnal
t,o aae f~ ~~.untC8.tir~ d;1reo't"+1 vii~h ,th~ .p1:r;e.o'~,pr.ate'o . ,
'mor$
These
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con~idttrii.t1oil$,Ql!:tFilc:)'t; ,too-$t:t"oilg,·b~t1li:: t~/
absence .of ,contrm e:r1t;i¢~. .$m.t'we W-ight 'as'wellcbAnge it.
R. tn t'Me wor.dinsthe D1~$ct~a.te;",ill b\l$3'1t'se~f "tth
duties, tbatdo no~ conc"'rn ,it. ."Ihav,e aV~+7 me~17
picture whep, the Directorate will bus,. itue];f;. wltll
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choosing these 'pictures. 'i'he Directorate would not be
thankful for this buaintiss.Dld I, understand the American
delegate correotly? Do&sthla mean that this Commltt~e
will give rec!)mmendationa,to th,e Directorate concarning
Germq..o. objects to be used and tha Directorate will choose?
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A. '1'he axports would eX-pr0tlS their opinion as
the oholco
of· objects, and the COn:unittGEHlWould,obooso. 'Tho
Directora:t:e VJould rat1f';y or agree to the decision made ..
It. Could you formulate this paragrapb to thh
it 1s clear?
e:ff~ct
so that
A. I will :first read my paragraph concerning the expurtsl ...... .
iily 1-'ro["osad
wording for this paragral-'h would be 1.,0' ••
H. I ~ in accord. But 1 regret the fate of the Diractorato
in these replacemonts.
F. The oxperts would ',tugg('Jst
to
the Committee a liat of
objeota which would be allocated as equivalent, the
. quadripar:t;ltQ Committee woul,} choose the ltElm, and sub
mit the choicoto the Direotorate. Allthls }Jrocedure
depending on the views of the Diroctorate.
In paragraph i, do we wish to facilitate the task of the
0xparts?
B.
Nol
A. 11'i) ~ould do so, in .!U'tials i, aub-para!i,raph (2) t by
fixing ~ba otandard of values to be accepted, and
rephrasing to r~ad •••••••
R. I can I t accept this wording ami don I t ewe any pass! bill ty
applying it. l'he obJeots of cultural valua located ill
HUGsi8, ,,"'ere not quotedoD the national market of art.
This can't be usad as far as cultural Objects 1n Russia
are concerned. . When the AInorioan delega'te jfroposad hie
meUlorandWll on this subject a prol)Osal was made to 'baaed
on values in tho countr:y in qUl!lation·. 30 I propono to .
leave sub-paragraph (2) in. para.grapb f, without changes,.
and in or~se of ciJltur.al objects 1n Russia. 'Ithe Russian
eXl)ortawould hlii.va to set the. vs.luI,)9, and we are unabl@
to O~l'lrate Wider fJ.'!l.y' other Q;YAtem.
Eo 'l'he American pro~\ooal .if! not exact enough for our
purllosiJs. I would ,aocept aome formula of this s(;rr-t
that 'the value ot an article would btl the value 11$ of
1 Jan 19}5, i f that vaLue 13 cstablhhed by an actual
.receipt showing the price paid or be \!stabl1shed by
SOllle. form c;;t insurance policy, or by any offic.ial
valuation made by a govornment but not later than 1933,
01' U,' a. eaSQ that does not coma und~r any of th~HHl thr;,jfj
hedda, then r would remit it to tha Directorate to
estabLish ita value.
As this qu~st;ion goa's on it g~te more cGmpli(~atad. "['he
Uritish delegate Goeo not agrQGwiththe two othar
O~;1I1ion8.
I fell that 1 can not agr()s with eithar. ·rho
opinion 1 have Just h$!:U"d 19 conl'ualng, to me. In 91"Go.klng
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ot :value on. 'the' irit,ernatlonal' marke~l·the lun_riollll'
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delegate .nvisag~j/t'nfirciQmmcin;cl{ll vatu. 'Of',' a:e\ilt~a1
o:~jeet:.
He ,m..8h1ms.lt:recakl~dli\oretlum ~e,1I 1$)lat
it was made 'olear, :tbat the artistic" value:'canbe
, e ntirely "d1i':f'ttre~~:hi~l!ltbe 'prlcepaid. 'I£her~ f)xl.~
in yo~ 'country ,severneat.$~r~,a' 6f,Bn6pswhO'~i:l1
pa,- ,8JJ.Y priest)' roran '~lQle (if ,no artiatiova.lu~,. "
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while connoias.ura Ilavebought for balf a lQat of' ,bread: '
'1tamsof 'grea.t ~lstlc yalue .. , ~Sotbi s shoul,d be le1':t
to the appreci8.ti()noftheEjxperts~" ,If possible' th$y
should take into, cto~91derat:16n the, reput,ation', Qf, a:p.
, artist, 'but 1~ wQuldbe a fundaiRe:ntal er.l"or tcflind.t
tp.elDo~ly ,to :this. So, If,,we, c~o9Begood·~xp$~.t;St 1~
w-i~l D8&11 right.
So it 1s bette,r to have the paper
aa it 1s~ow~
,
.4. I s~iti ~ve a mod.+tleationlnsu~p,arl!~app,. ,whlJflI '
I , have already read.' :t shall. ~erea.d ,tliy .proPQ$al ••• ~ •
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F. I tP.1tl.K it 1s'cbvio:us as IdQn"t thf,nk th~ ex.{i$t'fjs ,WQv:14. .
I*ecomrilend un~uit,a:bleob'j,e-ct;~.f101\lever ,t' )':tRve :noo;~J:$'e~1()1J.s~
I PI'9pose the, fol~o~ing wo~<l1fJ.8·J ~ , • ~. ,fL'~~~qr,tl~g;."i~$
•
alight~. dlffE)re:p.t but, i~, 's~e"'tog:1ve,;fihee:Jt~ct' ,'i;~~~ .
~d seems to ~e, ~() be the onl1'Fril)ch fontl.'q:la bYjwh113b.
we CQ.lltr.nsmlt
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B. " I have no o~je6t.10n, to thf!., .inelus'ionof ,the ,ide~ ~:of' ,value.I , '
a~ lOJ;li as it 1s done In.-the .•ay I~.uggeatt)d.~·· We :U~l9a~o'
say mthe c~urtsthat there ,lIlerethreel[~d'8 of wA~n.,8&!e's ...
liars, ' 4amn ,liars, alld elqij)rt,so 'The Bp1t1'8h~'del.e$tl~<lJ.
than must Insist,~~n 'some, e~ap.t ,m(ltbod ,for ~~.a'bli,sh~g .
.t'hemlJ-:,' I lUtve noobjectlon to :value' being .left . out . a;.l,l "
together~"
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F.. In .:~'ligl811d. it ~ppe&X'~, "tlier, ~.ma.ny !arieff~ie, of
l1ars,a.~dm8.ny 4~sr.eSJ!, ,'I.ire_G.~r' an op£nj;;on of
"".
DiBrae~1' 1,n"'wh1ob',statist'.1:cstoolt _the pillac..: of .,liperts; ~
For me ,Ib~V'e a l~$s d,1~~sreeabil.e oplnio~, (l·t,. the: e~p(\trt~,ii .'
If I sh~e:dthe9P1n1oD, ,of'D.tsra6)11' I' think. th.",o'bi!fer~tlon
of our British, colle.ap(t;:1;bat. eQn~~ary towliat' Thad
,hoI}od we,' dota'()t ..agree 'o.li tl:ie.aecond patt ofpa:r:-~gl"~J?h 'f:,
'but for the millu~e' "we "are speaking, of, thst~r4i. ,p~ ,and .
it ls~ece5sarJ"t,or.et~,;;~o()~~\,lbjeet.' "F'or .1(y ¢wn:pUt
the s:xp.rtscab¢lioo~ the cai;egor,1E.tsQ,f ~h~,'o1?jeet,s,.
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'The, ,nature of Valu.s, has to Ji)etaken intoc:onsld$rat1PJ!
for' tn paragraph· 2'thEl 'fteDu", of r~p~a:ceJru!dlt:~h$ye ':1;'0 be'
,of the "lImne value:. , ,It~fl'.~no~, stltlsfa~tory,~t7:~\1 ,
t~an8iate·the word ,as ·satlsfact:oryt qr' '·euitt:;ble'. '
B. I ampr$pa:r'dti)~9ceptf~, but', I' rsf$~ again the question
on sub-paragrapll' (2)."
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II.
Three 1s adopted, we \V1:11"~~" go back tosu~paragraph
F.
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of paragraph f, COnC8l"ningt:he question of value.
II
have,t:he feelIng atound the tabl(9 tbat we are not :all '
experts', . . is, the cas's' ormy-self.
My
118
propoa1~10n expresses th~ V1J3WS' of .~ expe~~. as mine, '
here: wlt,h' me ~'
.
J. What 1s it.
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B. R.ac181"~Wb v~ue, of - an....1l"~l~lE) ~d~h.r. at!tu'b19tl
shall ~ the, vEU~ as'1te~1s~.4 on ·tb.e·1"8J:W.~1.9~8',
it
eBtabl1~h86
);yconteuaporaryev1de:z,e8,'
a~ asa~e$,
'.
receipt. ineur,a.nie ':p.tem1um·· o:r ·ap·()~101al. v~'Uat:~cJl for.
. any ~urpose aa fOJoe:xample .de'it'b. 'd~t1~s Qr friba,ri t~ee
dut*.ili in
t~e
. case or value.s
decision".
ease wber.
no~ ofthese,axi' ~e.,to~d ii.be
'go to the :D1reotorate~f~ .arbttr8,l"y .'
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F.Formy part I _1ne~pabl.of· i:iv1nS. ,my' o:~iird.9nwithO\l'·!
an ex~na:ti~ll' oft.bepropo~al thal. :lla~ 'a~~.Men
.
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lnd1eat~d by th~l£'lt18b.· 4eleg~t••. ~};1e,..D!tedB,e;r.~.Us
,consideration .011 the PIlrt of oUr .•xpe~·$.· I.' proPQ~~
consequently,tod.clda ii.hat l~.Vli):uld 'be .aGs1rabletp,
give the expe,rtsas iftpsrap..apt,l: f' a d+~¥t~,,~t·~~;
. ,:
could use it as a. 'base •. andto~ ~he r~~: Tf,U1l8!"V,
the question,tills. deeper study ha.s,b~EJn ·udei! [Ipen'
th~y
w.euld you' agree?'
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an
R . I am not . 'e~pert 01'1 thi8:que8~ion alm.d.·haV'.:n~d~8~~'
to help ,the expe~s.· I reciou!!nd ~:f ~•. ~ol.leamte h~y•..
no objee~.ionto tbr,m.a'su~pai'a~~ph 12),.0£' ~r.~gr~;Pll.~t.
:to. approve t'hls paragr.ph and the" ~;t'"i~l' ':be'Up''t~:t;~
."
~xpe~ts"whenthe)"'m\ls:t .8~a.b#1:tib. t~e v.a~~:e-8.· '~'~:,~l.t~-,
D1reeto~at •. eano.Sl'.$ on thecb:oic..
So' :r:.~"eno:.~6a;.0ll
to· dlsClls-s,th1s tUrtheI"I!I'"
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. :B'.
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r agree with the Soviet delegate.
with reserVation?
r begthllt
Minutes..
• e·• • • • • • • • • • '.:*
A. We
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Can we.··· adop\ 'par.~PllP~f
our .qasiaof$,fa:l:U.t1.0n be reported. j.n,the
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were: 'l't!ll consIdering p~aph ,'!,.Ibav.. two'.
reserva.t1ons~
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r thought,·that parapaphf. was a,dopted~
A. 1 .thoutiht it" was8ub-:Paragre.ph (2} thatwaa adopte~.' .
In. tbe ilex:t-t~la$t 11M,ofth~ Bnglisht't;txp •. He.~ci~ ..:.,.·...
. I wOl)l,d 'like todeletl-eth1:.s·phrase' "for turthe:r ~~t·lon·'.
as 1 ~ls no ·longe,r"pp11~'ul'ble.
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F•. I thi:nk you',areright,:I's.that all?
ln~erted' 'to
.is,' 'eover~d 'here.
A. 1 would have
t~t
submit to the OOIP,m.ittee t bi4t
.. ,.
.
i'. w~ then, adoptpa1'agraph f.No.paragraph 13
lI. Have 91e lilccepted 8u~paragx.ap~ (2). a~ it 18 in ,;the .t.$~?
What Will th$ 'wording- of the last sentence ~ll tAG pai:rt1lgraIh
as aubmitted'. 'by tb.Ame~lcU d.~.gt1te b~lIu ,not. a.i:~
~~ss1ng' wha~her it 1s cprreo't' Or not,:l just. want ~h.
t1llal
wordl~g.
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A.we.haVe.agr~ed··l\av1D8 ~m1Jla;tbat
not'GGmmission' .' .
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F. Tbo B ritisb proposal will envolvo long diaousGionG and
it is late, WQ should disouss the British proposal to .
reach 11 :final agreement. l: propose to adjourn, with
regl'et, and not tinish our work.
A. I do not foresee the lengthy discussions that the
"
Chairm.an seeB. Paragraph 8 bas a aub-par(tgraph, to
which a reservation hilS already bean made lty the Soviet
de 1~3gate, and I would only discuss the last sentenoe,
. of ·the la.st parae;raph, which I con'aide!" a. bad ana. I
think w~ should have thiapaper ready for. the nex.t masting
of the Director,ate.
.
.
~
m. CRo.'lON •••
I shall be diAoussing,for the U.;;'). delegation
on other po1.Dts of the Agenda.. 1 don't Itnow how long
you think it will take to 1'1n18h, but I don't think
these terms of reforenoe could be finished very quickly •
. ::
s. I
deem it useful to dlaousaau this meet lng, paragraph go
I have no other' resorvations than m,- :t'cs0rvation on sub-'
paragraph (2), which .ull my colleagues have.·
Would the AmEn-lean dellegata lot
us
know
~is
modifications? .
My 'llnpreeeion is tha.t at the bat meeting of the Working
.tart,. before the D iraotorate meatin~~ my collf.l~guea at;roed
with ma that we would not take ~ha prop')l'ty of :~oQ1ealnst1eD.l
bodies for use as re~lacaments in kind. :Uncathen there
baa bean no opportunlt;y to examinl) this portion of the
paper, and if eV8l'7one ia stl~l agreed to axempt property
of eccleeiaetical bOdhl':!, I have a sim.ple phraaeto usa.
'['he El'.~ntence a's 1 t now ital1dsdlacusses property o.f
ecclesiastical bodies which was lost aftar being removed
from occupied territory, but we were really speaking of
the property of ecclasiautlcal bodies in C.arrnauy.
B. I l.l[!;l'ee in princirle, but would Uke to nurrov.' it acmewha:t
and would like to 1nse1't the phrase .' i'.l.rticlas in aotual
religious use'. I do not fael that property should be
excluded from re:3titutlon aimpl,y becau~Je l.t i13 rellglou8.
Pl'o.t:i3rty. I think the veaaels u8ud on the altar or
vaotwanta used for ral!glotls practice should be. oxcluded,
but I see no objection to using old vessols or tnpestriea
which aro not actually in use •.
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The :Jent~,lllce in the or1g100.1 pa.pn' \';'us l:lgreeablc "[;0 me,
and includos both the l(roposnl of the 1\l)lol.'ican and'British
delegate. '1'he American prol,)OlH).l oxclud,afS the rOl!lOV91
of objects of ecalesi~atical bodies for replacement while
the proliosal 1lI.ade by the BX'1tbh d~leg8te oxtonds the
llosril bili ty. If my colleaGue 6 a.re not a€!;r'SJeable t;o the
oriEinal, 1 wou.ldprovoea the 3r1 t ish proposo.1.
1 think there are two qUSGtl0llS her'9 which should be·
discu.ssed 'aaperl1taly. li'irst, to determine for oU.r!le 1 VI! 9
the lto!ns of' which we now f3peak. fjecono, the merumr':7)S 'from
which we waut to exe,npt tho~. 30 first lc.:t Ull V,tttha
dlscU80ioll be on tht!l !i:t'f-lt occlosiastic(ll bodias. i:,!) are
not aiJ)J.ing at ilJXy property be long:l.ng. to II I'f.lligioIJ.6 body
but only and ejtcluf31valy p.t'opartj being IHHHl for raligiou9
functions.
A. It·is
cultural'~roparty
of
'acelos1a~tical
bodies.
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We wouldma,
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A ,,,,.finite propOs.,.]. .;_... , made ·'}.)ttlle" .Br1~\ish, delG!at'~ ','
"b~, ',e, ,~S" pr, 91>,ert.7 ',()f,,' <ill,l,tu,',,~al,,'" ,,,ai,'"u,eiuld. ,1,.t,"",,1,",S,onl ;rthis
proptir,t ,,' tha~ , C~' ~,' ,~~4:'~'ii:1te~~a:c~ljlent. ',c., .~t,,8
act~used. fdr~;praotfc~f:;()tcv.l~8 .•.
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propoaalms.de
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b~,:,tbe .:ar:l;ti8h."de~gat'i
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,~&.&lli:D'Ji~••lD:~l1t. '.' "The pi-()Pos~l
"
aotiJal~" llade,,',b;t' ~~.Amerloanti~ le_tewas: ~,1n' rio,' ,e$;o.' ,
can~ thE!i pro]:i6rty t~t,can b'~ used for ~i~.e~.cflll· be. u8.e4
an· 9bJeat .or:rt)plaC)ea.nt·,,.The,te~ S?plll~tte4:btld; ,
a f1llj,.ght11dirfer~nttU~Ulnil1g.~h~ quadr~lIJ1;r~it,e, OQmm,~tfiee
as
CoUld ,not u$e it
~f5
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,an object: ,otr~plaCti)Dl".n1:; ·vd.1ihc:hl.t, "
taking ~he d4-ect10IH~ o.f~he'col!iIdt;tee'o:fe~pe~~J!" ';, ' '
consequently ~t. did not establish, such a dtifiri,1te,J"lrUle·. .
. i
.
B~
.aelig,tous· cultural objects ~8.nnot· ~e u8~d .t~ rep~aq:e ,.
m~dern .paint1:ne; orsc\llpt1ire. '.~t 115 })8I'papa.P9se1ple,
tba~, ~t o'ould be used toreplac8' 8Jl9ther ,reii:s'ic;u,,a
,
object that; t~e .GermaJ;lB coul'dbllvetakep... ·It', i'sbetter'
to. have a cortainlat~tu4e for apprecia:t:lon;..
' .
Ithlrik:
weshouldwrltetheDlractorate to'
,~ Rel:-i;gicus
Affairs should
b~ f;)on~jul'ed.
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l~. I ral~·'volunt~i'l.yto ~h&Bi-itisb. sugge;("1;;~~~,t()',tl~~l:"
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attent'iqnof' 1;neD1re·otorate t9 ·tIiis;: ij..ri,qh.~Y~i:'th~
final decision. with thesjfl'hencan we'coJl.s.:tder,th,$,·.' . ' , ... '. .
t~~
, . Brit!sh Bugg.8tlOn ..e .• ac~ep(.d? •••• '
'fD,he,¥re"#~l1,del.g.te,
wishes. to U1tt;ke; ail ad:d.lt;lonb,.1para~ap~,g~:+ti;'·l~. . ' "
sa1d.'. ~. ~),~ •••• ', ,To, avo~~tJ;p'eB:e lt~msfa:t·:tfp~f1p.:t()r , .'
a pool, w.h1.e~we; are.~o! ereat;.ing.t,th,e: q€lrlli~.s'.,wi~~",::t:~t·, '
to sellth". tOJfo~e1~ers.$o "~h.11tt~~li~'~m~w~ . ~Sl ,
~ount4.ng,on for replacement will :e8~ap~ \l,$~, :It w()\l~d,
\
'a)e wise to 'add ~()tberseritence SaYing.that ~,~,p~op~rrW_ '
will be frozen ,in'th$ir, homas and: that 'nll't'ran.steI:~ ,'Of '
propertywtll' llefor,bid4en' ,wil~8S authorlied.:l)Y ':tfu)"
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Ian"1; l4l9 '$2. a (suff.1e1Et~t:gUarante.?
counterpart tOlltu'l'oUr-zdne?
Havs' you ilo
'
If ! ',had th~ugh~lt~~q~,"~$, .I' w9'l11d >l1ot, h~Vtv~Q.d<!!~hi8
sugg~stiqn.
Beeau"It:tilnk.1;~ dQ$Cj' no,toovet; ~J:~i:~ ' "
situation I,hav. aade t~8speeial provis:io,n., : Tl,i!:; ,', '" .'
, proper,'ty whi~h1~J' ,65,8~n. ',iJl·.~up..l?arasr,' ·~1,.),p,ar,I,',",':~';~,;fl,:Ifh,.• 8.
.a~h
~, •
lsthepropel"ty that Law '52 .<ieals: with, wh1>ch:p~t:~.:d,.n~;p, .. ,
custody property ,of Germamh.:tionals; but: .i:!is",*~~~jPfiPh 3
a.nd4 ,t~erEJ. ar'o, things ~'!iElt,are .l1ot,eovsre1tr. bT' ;~W'C?~H' ,'.
but we couldll0t apply. tp.1s JD.atter to· ~,art 1:tEtmor.,,· .
cu~tura1 O})aflct.Th~1 .mu8tlUiveaval~e tha'i; ~~:)ln.f#$ ".,' ,
Ullaer!,aw 52.,' I, pro}>ose 'to~nse~~," attl;t9, e+\4>9f"p.~~>ap~
II 'The /prop~rtY,t~t:1S ..4~~>~~:~~tb .in "f3"AA~p'ara~~Pll, (1)·."
~~~:gr~~h~f41~e~~~::A~~3,~g~o~~i~;~mil~9;::;~:';~~3~t\' .,'.
all tl"ansfers wlll ··be ;fo:rb~dden~ :w1tbout ,the 'autnorization
of 'the:O:LX'.ctoratei':~ ":"fh."~'G&rman~. did'the, &e.m~~thtlig,', , '
in rance.'
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but I ~av~. ~9 ob~h~et1oiui.tc? t~e.: +U91u~loI), ''?f ,1ctJur' W~9fe_,
witl1 on" excep~l@, and t~'b ,~e the' exC:;L\ls10.n
wGr,~'s,' w1'~h a v.l~e ,over 1 O~,
r ~f' bec.ause
p%'oposal.,
.or
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+ Uncertain ~etherlt, $~t&ld befr~et'LOrd()1:iar.,.·
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F. We hAve al.rSadt (lla4e l.lJil a papol' \114t haa beM adopttt4 b1 cone
e;,lY"A toctlltll761 .or~. 'lie s'p6nt jl1an7LWi1~t1:l&.tJ d~te:'lI11.n1.n8
wb.ata.t"G' the cw.tural. wo.rka o~ a COUA~. (All th$.s ca.o. be
toWlAi ~ .D~i> (4.6) ), ',~~, 1ts ~~ plltr:i~Jl1 ot a aountJ.·Y
:%lust be re~Ce4 01" r.a~ea bl Cu~u.r<ilobl.. aoodu, ~ll'l11tatlon
Catl otLl¥ belLW1e' 1+. 1'-ill 001'~a1dG,lt that lie h;;iva to. deal \dtb
.
Ulllque obJeots.
140 ",valuafiion.In .:aOn.a1 'ca.o.
'b~
ru.ade ot
SOu 1 t;.smG can be not '!forth' ItOne,v !lctuall¥. .
but YQt?! nestil!!.6w,. v61.ue. Ow' ,b~.10 t~A' does 40t llJidt
.
us, i t Jut sS3s to lu tbe cate&01"l•.and this is our tas!r •
.IJ1 Proposal reial~ 1na. ca~ugor1()O 13 to talCG UUl'wOl'dltlg
a.rid udd wnat is trou&b.t;, Up b7 ·our .!lWlslan colloaague.
oultW'al Obie4ts.
..;
a,r~e :llth the 'l"l'encb deleiat.e~
Iror ~o. the pl'Oj;ierty
beloo~1ng to the Soviot ~eople. such a. nU8sian ~r1al
1te:ttw that tU"ti no, {f.'lottod on. t.he 1.1ltlU'.i:la.t1onal.llIUl'ltc~t. 48.WlQt
be v,~ued. lu. ilonal lillch' (15 10,000 do.llar5, yet thCll re.i>reGent
a ;:)l'~at loss to t.le I."GlJ~Got1VQ cOUAtl'l~ SO I .:I.fi~·ee with our
Frcnoh 1.l011oague tbQt '10 lGIAVG tho ?lUN.1ng ol tha Iirst part
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A. The i10r14 val;uatlolJ ot vti.o.lO& 1s aVQ1dtlCl u;Y the de£ill1t1otl
ot the papfm,lducb, st.at.~ .10,000 dolli::l..1"O 01' equivalent'iIl the
mo£1$'y ;;)t the COl.lAt17.· 10,000 dolllU"s is ap~c1.L'led In ol"dQr
to 11.ndt consi4eration to Illl but. the l4Q&t ll1lPol'tant. cul
tllr!ll obJects.' It 1s.. 1:l"'Ol't~lt. fj.fi,4 I l"(j~at it. that. the
to $Xp.l'OiSB value ~s 14 m.a.rkt:rt. . .,rice. He~l(~cEl.ill.ant
aWi Q.ul7 be _0 on tllQb~ilQ of SQ.t1Io8 vtlltt:l!lellt. of: yall,lG.
otheJ.'tlioe there~\LD n.O &~ati.i:.q:etha' repla.ce.ntmt will' be
.:.1ad~ fairly.' '~Jho ca~ $Ii.,y WhiithcJ1 th". lElt.li>l'llI oi :roHtol 01'
oal¥,~al
Goethe ire tho~r~ Valuablo1
wise aan there bGl'i
nhat $ci$lltltla
ba~is
other
D. 1 support tbe .l/'I'H!lCn i/l'OPOz:e.l .i!1& wn.cmc1oo by thu Huu1a,Q.!I
and :imbJ~ct to ;].1 r1del' tl:ult.. we d1.uc'Qsa Q€ l talla Olle b1 ().ilfl. 1
. ~1l uYlllPllthntfc I'Ilth thG ilJacricl\U4 VliiI"I:lpoi:lit, but; we ~u:.ru'J.Ot
5111 that U an obJec.' b ~O.1'tb. u.ol.1' :I,jill)} dullars It C!lM.Ot
be v~pluQed i uudu O~ ~£.ellite!i.t ,i'4i! :Iluat l.~~.(; tore Vl"uperty or
obJeeU ,"veIl .if tb~ havo no value.
j~. I a.&re~ with t.h~ Br1t1.sh d(i11ego.t$' a
that,;
atat.i3lAClllt
Will
have
ol)JecU r~1tb 11tJ value ... it' Ne aWl f1nd them
aut we cannot reet1tute .obJ6.ct.n that twe been. deatNY~ ana
I see r.,oWIl¥ 1;Q replace th~ ~.d.1st8.QiorUI.
to 1"08\"£41
B.
aut stillw. have to l'eglace. tou CWl't Ga1- You con't.
bave a.n,v.t.bJ..ll& back beonu~e7our o.rig1llal. pousG.ision ,elid 11010
It
amount to
1\. Is
10,oeo
4o~ara'
U not the duty
.
ot 1"IliparUOn8 to give beck lQut obJo;:<?ts1
.B. 10.000 dollar. would rule out 1\ lot or 0 bJ cets wb..t eh we have
att~pte4
to
~ePluoe.
F. It. 18 001, dah1i thtt.' (ler£ll4l,l,f l'Elyla.cs wila!,) it too:!-:. :i.'llf~
G~rllia.ns could eaaUy hUe 1teu.
You Pllt t.v,~t!th.el· ill yOilr
~8.j,leJ' bo'llb1oa awl 8po11&UOll.
Fraa4e, a~ all oOlWt.J:t1.e/ii. that
huv. bEl€1I1 OOCf(l.v1e4 a.nd s~ol1a.t~. haa su.cta.l'f\\1d lO!.l8e:s bl
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'tlamba Ill!! mllOn as loot1.hg.
]'01" bombing we ask noi!h1r.tg.
'
, beoause it is, Ii fao1f of war. Our British frieIl\18 have not
bs~n ~ootea.;' though the,' have be.en '!:,lombad. understand.
B:l-1 taln Understands that granoe, Hol.lan4. Bela1W1l, eta.,.
haye had, 1080,,£1 D7 ~ombB, the same as they have, aowe have
to aot apeoia1lJ for the loote~ parties. We are disousains
a paper th!!~ we have deoided the prinoiple of and there is
no' l1.S8:r"feZ'Tine; baolt.
B. Does the Amerioan Dress his pOint?
A. The demand
~or
reparation payment for
objeo~a
deatroyedby
war aotion will be mads, if, 11; works for that. it oertalnl,
should forobJeolls lost b1 apollation~ The,loo1;~a. t~l:iga not
founa. mal be bA:J14 1n GeJ!'!lltllAJ'beoatiS8 of their known val~e
e.a works of art.
,
B. It is not right to subJs~t ~ral rights to 'q~ea~ione of ex
pedienoy., I think the diffioulties are not so gritatj. I do
not th1.ilk i1l nieesear, ito m,ake qermat18\Vork at paokagillg, and
BhipDing obJeo.a, nolt 1J.i1possibl8,~0 o~~aln a rOUgh olast31fi.
oa1;i,on of 0l?3eots. , pe,rsODall.i'.1.,f," the, eX,ohtmg8 is to the
diSadvant8$1J o'f the Gel"J!18D8, X won'1! be grieved. Can we
'
th~n agree to edop~' Paragrapht for Paragraph IV including the
Russian amendments?
R. Firat Paragraph of grenoh paper corresponds to first of
Rusrdan.
F. I ~~~pos. that we PG~. in the fir"at p8r,agra.Ph a1~ matte.re, o~
pr 1p18, and in thear.oqn4 &ll.. othEiI" mattere."!" All those
wh~have 'tiaken p~,1n,,4rawi..n& I1p thepa!,ler DRJlR eto. will
recall, th8.t we wa.nje4to omit" th.edetai18,and·~tour
a,elves to, gre.t~r oa~eg9:r1e~, 1.ri,:pr1nOi.pa~ ;8xt8,'., Sx;Ld, tbe,n
as we Bett~cl ~~ta1ls ~oU!il. lI~m ~o complemC?nt, ~he psP"r.
The Frenoh pap~~se'tl.,1!J d8~ls, and. t1:10 Ru.eaian paper
'
oomp1emen~s
1t adlUir"bl1..JUs~ as we all adopted DRDB:tWe
should have a shori tex" for main doo1l1l1ent. ~a. tha annex
whioh. 18 tlis task Of experta . '
,
,
,
~hel"e
,1s no analOgJ' betw4en.DRDB. (45)14 with 1;ihe dooWl14:1ni; in
IlW/l",Uon•. 'fl•. ar; ,1net~Qt.d by the, ~o1iorat8 to work ont
1natruotio oonoern1,ng oahg~ries 1n rather delailed. fo1'2l1.
ne
Il is, good to OOZlSU•• parag.r;ap~ I of ~renQb. paper,'to ameIid.
SG~ items with J?ara&r~h I of the other to make the 4001.1
ment final..
F. I
~ever
haa., 1n mind. to take awa, from the entire text tM
to
liG~.submitted by'the,Sovie.t8'i onll
olarify
pos.d to put, ~ t~ text the ~ger oategori~8
in an annex all a.etails.
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truit. I'pro
and include
It is purely a matter of form.
R; Why' aomplioa1!$ the doo_n1l by working out soma annexes,
we IDa, make o~eoampleta dooument.
F.
the paper may be B.1mpUfled.. but I do n01l insist ..
(lW1!Jh)'
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~ta.,ybe
D. L@t us conaldeJl' one by (lne the RllBsian amendments in Paraarapb.
I. (Res P, ar.I e~o.. !) I proy:,:. moro general termsa i .. e. \,lorks
of the Gi"eat llasters of Paint, Soulpture.
A. Are the engrav1ngB ot great masters Qonsldqred'un1que works
of art? '
,
R. If made during or before 15th centtll"1.
F. If the oopy 1s lost.
B. 3,ngravings should be inoluded. beoause in rna.ny oases oop1es
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IS tllere an. errOl" 11). tranelation in PaQt o~
Ul.1s para8zoa.,b? H:1atorleal obJectu :aeans soa6thtna belonging
to a great ~erson.
.
wblcb btuloates O.
!\ .flsg, or deooratiou belonging to an
etc ••• Mot ;;;artlcular1l to a. great ,biill'50n.
ft. M,;n'eov;ncthlJ1g l1ke
aJ.'my
D. IJIhY"I'l';t 'h1.atorleal :tll'lies bcl.on&ina to ,rent !'~en. evants,
01' orB~mlzat1onlJ' 1
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A. Wby (!.Ut. . sl:a,a>l7 'bistorical rel1c5'
B. Than 'historical relics t to 0(')"01' obJeots of any kind, sucb
as books, lllanliaoriptl, \1ooulAimIJ wh1ch are rar~ due to theill'
plly8:!aul qual.lt.1elt 01' hlB\ol"ical 'U58oc1llt.ion.
,
11..
Ho.. rare OWl rare 1tiounabula b.,
I teel that 111 aU 0\11"
sub-parQ&.i'aphs we ~ preparing a docUIilent V~ldlttlcu1t to
aj,l.Pl¥ because
llia.Q,t
te.r1l&8 are
1.DButf:lden~ll
defined.
I.e ••
l118at-ers or pa.1nting' a.."ld now 'very
prolillncut painters 1n £001'6 reoent times'. It is better to
delete t.hese t.fil"mo, w14 to say 'unlqu,e f utlu8crlptsan4
l.nol.lll.abula.
.
beJ:Qre ue tael1tlonec!
t great
to l"a5.Cti preoise tel'l!ls. ~ve can on.l.T
I1; 18 bett.eJ' to have tt'll"t.ns tbAt willmt bring
fl. '\&1'eed. ,It iii dU'flouli
cite
~i¥
eA4i4.Pl~'s.
duubt as t.o thtiLr
1m~lc8t1on.
t.blt~k aa,y1il& UAlque IlUlluduipta ,1l..Ud. raro Inotmabula, a.s
u41qua ule.uJ,t1U only Qne, and rare 1uCUQilbula\Tould t'lcan
ra.I'$ bvoks such a.s theto a;re only 10' copies ot. \'fhi tjllwere
R. 1
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p.rlnLe.d oefore the 15tb century.
B.
It i.I¢(.lJua pratt.y d1.C.C1,(:ult..
~l"iuted b~£ore
The \iON IncUll"bula
1600, but there
~111
;na~:U18 '1:1(.)01(5
be rare beoks whoso rar1t1
litiS in t.h(il!.r 40pe8l'WlOe an.d are tbClUelVOS 'l'Jorks o£ art., but
tha.t eru'U1Ot be reproduced ,photogrll;ihiclllllii.nd 30 v{hl.Jlt !1!?-lst
be treu.hd, the $8.ille way lie ,paintings iihlch date litter 1600.
R.
1 ag.t'ee tIJ tbe la.t sentence ot the pl"rl1~re.ph.
B. M iUQ.lHlilt1ve word1u& 1.t Ilc:cllptable, would be mSllllGCr1Pt3.
incunabula, and bOOks.
cUlturtu value lo.... the1r oQntents.
qUallt1$$, unicb sbould b$ replaced by
other bouk:s ilnd not by !llidro.f'I.la.' lhe chah·,'l!fU1' S . .9U~@;tHltii.m
:rilel'e [:U"El books whIch are ot
no, tbe!»
art1~tlo
would. cove....liheae.
u.
lhe....e might ba valuable anusOl'ipto oklf'#r tllau 141.eun;~bula of
1 111lg11t propose to say 'books valuable Iur
th~!r 1ntrlil~iOVal1l0 \)1" inalr histOl'iO ~HHJOc.tlit!.(jn·.
lllOl'e r\;,lCellt date.
iH! e.l{.olUdedth•.. re~U1rerAent. at uu1quo cllarnCtor 1'111611. \lie \'fere
a.,ealdn& ot GD&I'&V!.n&B. II. gt!ll'l81'al (letln! tion. of thts plU'a&ru'i;'b,
'.till hul..,. UI.J l'ecotu.lt.... uc:t. til• .librar1Q8 lOQtod b1 the ',lel'!AaUs •••
.\S U l'<:ISUlt. iJ! t.hftiUU· 30 !118.1l1 bookS nave OOEIA d~stroy~d. that
SOQ<J 04.1tlo.us (J.t illodern books would h~ve only a 11.l.ll1.ted ,[lumber
or copit:s Erxt$.i'..i.t, wbioh would .;nake them relatively unique.
F.
'H.
'J:~t raust no" be sillij)l.1t1Gld a.s U.S. s~etlt.Gd.
sure not. to lose he tUlllque COl:U"tlot.er'.
B. 1 pro9use to,dare7 d1scussion o~ ~ par~~~b.
sllo\JJ.d be lIlOre preobe, acou1'41n& to our lights.
Just a
llI&t~cll'~()r
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l~e f!lUSt.
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,urremuka llieelJl~o app11 to ParegraphIII. I ~i:n fllfVor
~e 8ddi't,1«u,l pr~8.4 )Jr, our Russian oo~,'e:;,'
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I interesting oae•••• th8t wberu one oo~4 no, ~tD4,a p'~oiare
r tp,e ~ar'1e per1oQ.I Bohool,et;c., ••• Can .t now 0.0111i148r Aa'Ucle
[ Elfl b&inga4opte4 plus the Rueswaugses1d.o.n?
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.CoQl.d I bave 8 tnneleilO.1'1 Of the dooumentB react 1b1ll
onli,nth tbet is, P~I)h n and tbell\isll1anpropos81'l
'.Oerte1rU.y. (ahort i.IliU'ftptlon). 'Rbi! Soviet 1l!l.Pw,
eccepts,tbe French ten with the one nail"'f'atlol'l, 40 wEi aswe'
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3.. I eug£~u:rt s verbal Ohane;e '8 m1C1"0800P8 ~7 e,Jd..oro8~9pel
La not oonsistent .lth P~pb I. Wo OJUt ooUld tJ8T 'that Ii
niori)ocop, was peoGllar to e psrUoa).ar in8tlti1i1on~
A. '.'e the Cb8Uman 'd.ll remember, I have b.e~ ob~eoi~ sinoe
Ootoberto ihe 11'lo11l8ion o~ mieroscopes as olil:tval ma"eri8.1~
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stor~t and thmt W8 are only dealing with artiole• •f UDlque
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obanp the wori.inS. I 40 Dot
object.
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F., I propo~e , 'dealll'.lg vi tb mioro8oope. of 8cJ..n:tlrt~ri~e6iroh
which ore ~ret. Does 'Bl.¥ A.Ir1eriosn ooUeegue~lt9 .m~o1G
11, -:l:Ieoaase b:1I1, &'Glllarb about
queoUon of valU ,we meet
iri,pangrepb III.
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Ple~ee llUikG JOUr reservations.
A•• ~beprob.lem tbe~O~~bont8 WI is ,:8 ~~rip'u!~4~ff!~n+t; .
1t 11JvolvespbUosopbical and aenh,ttcal'val:g.es
whlch are' difficult to 'efw. w, are 8skj':<io.;qij14e h6Wto
replaoe"be~~p~o.e.ble. , I 8814 Oil '!l1e"4&Y,"h!"I, ·'h~Ush~
"be pr~¥,neo'8.Ui8'Wafl to 88t61;)118h a,Bet !>f:"Ell~'8 ,b,J .' .
:on(jl.'be08~EiI
whioh ,weooUld cal
lethe val"'e Of ~q,lle o'b3eOits. I "don't
bow we· oan 4.c;.14~ thet, a "pl8.o~&nt ofa pa1ij~11lg tjf'one
p..1"104 end p1.8o. of criBin 'b.y eaoihfil" of anotherp'r104 .and
plageo~\ orig1il oould: be .:a:a~. If9o. ,GOCUIP1i -"hepr1ltol»le
of markErt vtUue 1;h.nwe have a fall" baa1. tor acttoh.fhe
que,tton of Gatablia~a value or ,basi. fo'i:riplaclrllt missing
ob3ects bas yet .to bi.s found. ' Paregl'8.vh II, 'by fai11ns'to
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R. I b>l!'opoaed that a aelq of six mOll'the' be prolonged to ~ine
du.e to paouliar ~Ollditl.on8 that would aria~. Taking i;heee things
into cionoideratioll, ,I Bgree wi tll pnlqing to OUEI le~t but it
lnakea no differenoe to me whether 1t is nine months or ona year.
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I ilori.'·t think tba'ttl:te period of Urna 1a of greilt importance.
If I lengthenod the dela; I'had liamt.nd thoee w~o wOl1ld be.dol:ag
~h8 work panlcul&1'l, tho offlQC1"~ 1.A ·the AmEu:'l(Jan :~one, whera
moot of tllG ~\lorks of art. are looated. r/hen the final dS1Je. for'
rtl'!Jti tl.1.tiOllS'; ill s.ttlecl they will sliiIe' a httg$ amount of c1a.iDla
~om.1ng in.
Unl01'tWlate1l th8~e 'ls morepropel,'tybhat haa l'1otbee.n
f(}\mdthan wba~ has ·already been located. It 16 up to you whether
sr 01' nine mOnths.
yOI1. went to lnair.s 1 t one YfJ
A. In tho ligh~ ot· tha~ I ~ould BIlge;.at that olaims tOI' l"epll1cement
i.n kind, except QllCh as are described abovE! in Poraaraph III a,: may
tlot be filed u.iU:U Bix montbs atteJr tbe final date that hea been
!Jet for all olilie. ot resti tl1tto.a ~to. bld in' no 0808 \1ill any
olaim for rtplaoemont of a epe'cif1o obleotbe filed ttilt,ll af1aJ'
one ye.ar following date' tor olaims. 'l!hia guarantees ample tim.e
1P.
for effecting
re~t1tatlO11
whenevlitr
,1)oe81b18.
lJI~
rha1l tsxt is W'lOOAvl.QoinS baosW!le one thinS i.e not in it..
,
we goiilgto ma.q il replac,ment?'- a. It oom.ple~ely de~~royed,
b. It no dWll.8,!l;el that .tt i,' Dot aooeptable, o. It pret;l1l1ned'los1h .
On~ LlI.~~Jlt Iwoald like to hay, olarlfied is 'whQ.I1. w111'prC6tlmP"
Uon ot· losa be 6S~Wl1'4.', 'if not tOUDIt a lear after the dii~1.t it
will be prelll~4.10a1;· t Wlt.i~ now, WCI hava 110 item sa.,ylng that an
ob~eot has been oo.m»fl:.ete1J' 1.0ot... Thlillre, are certainly ,pictureo
still h!,.dden 1A ao1'm8..Dl'... \18 aN 'wa1~Dlg\ for them to be~ d.lliQlares4.,
Poeslb:W ... on11 when .. ol'f.eolt 10 made. On tibe Germane wiU they be .
found aga~ •. and fOl'that ola1tl1svr1U havCI to be sent to the toar
'Why
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ZO~,80.
The looted nations don'1I .n~'4 tbe delay so mao.n as till.
people ,who w111 have to do' with tlUiiiotiaal prooedure ofres'b:l...~utlo.n.
A.
I don'tknOIll ha. things SIre 1A tho. oth9r :a.onee. 'but I have
~en
QSt3111"(Hi by l'4l!'A&:A off1O.l'a~bat by' .be elld of 1946 we wl11 have a '
fairly Q~pl,e~'UB~ o.f w~k$. of aZ1wh1ab . sre . ~ .AIne~~c~Qli.~;b011f
in :the Amer1o~
by' oar4
Zone of
Qa~'f110s\t•• ~'
Oool1pa~l011 Ei,n4 llhioh wl11be oomplemented
flo w111 b. 1J\ a Pge1 Uon to haTe aump.lete4
resfl1:tu'biOA ot1dentlt:1:a'ble az1101es whbin orie yuoZ from now
ll'oughlJ - iro (#oDl4. nod•• ' olaims ~or replaoement in .kind six
months after the ! Glosing da•• to~ -olaims for restitution.
. .
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Can the other
~onea
do, likewise?
f
.
R.. .~aoh natllll1 that has had properij' looted. has ,had SOlnES of ths
property ,lestroYlld 1n this oaae the nation ca.., a.ll"eac1;v maklll a
claim. OthQZ'W1se, t the nation <loes not .know what haanappe,ne4 tel
ito property i t should malt. a claim to the expeno to look tar it.
:eh1s t~rm sho.a14 be toJ:' one yoar. 1!he Sovlet delegat~ ~hir.lkliJ 09
reg9rds Sovli!tj' 01111)11..13 t,oJ:' 'l.'.placement there are speoifiO rea$ona
for the delsy Qf 'nine months.. On the othfJl' band. there tsthe
need. of time to lOOk tOJ:'prt,:lPGr~.v a161ms of othel' ol)nntrias if in
our .Ilone. So the dels.,. of nine mOl1\hs eee:ms necessary, and I
1
believe the delay
o~uld
be tor one year.
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PEP~ODUCEOATTHEt)A1~;"~'LAi~""E::,\.
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_B_o_X___ 1:'--_
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-14
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ll'. I think yOll attribute to the Q1.U1dr1PfU'tite oommittee d,utias
whioh 9r'" not th,,,irs. It he'll) o\.thbr( to do ~'Itth the internal
1'1116 of {iol"lnMy.
A.
Vie ere fooing the int.ernal t}ove1'mnant to lllaka availabls to llS
'lio.r:<e of a1'''.
t,riva~ely. (~\'In6d
B. Intha third 1.1.ne rlt l1a:r.a~rn:vh G 1 t.llers :1.0 :g atollce ~:lh!:lt
llrntec::t,s -the j!roparty of Germans who b~we loft tht! oountry,
p, Wo could have a speoinl lis;;er abOl,l1) lll'Opertr bGlon~~ln8 ,to
Naz:kvictifil8 and sent 1. t ~o the J,lo11ti<:al' nir<!otorate \'lhu ere
Gpeo1nliats 'in s-.loh T:lat1illllEl.
A. YO!! req1l1ra at pr'Z!H:111t that; the oomm1ttee draw on aetnal
property of 118,,1 vic: tU.ms. I wonld suggest I exoluding
any
propeI'ty the. IHgal U Us of whioh is 1n doubt-.
-=ni,
:r. This taltl.H! UD too far I thore ed.ete 1n the OontrolC ol.IDeil a
CotnplJtli1n't oo\\y to !lot; for Nasi vtotf.!IlB, but i t oan't be ttle 'l.tlSd.
ripBrt1 tEl oOltlm1ttee for res"! tlltion of enl t1tral worlta.
A~
The victim wbul(l Arl-' han to fenci off I)llr attaok if wa were
att.~o]dng by a single phrase.
prevented froln
P•. How can youprovEi tney were taken il,legally't
A.
Tbut w.lll oconr 1n the oo"rse of flittlng oloims for.rast11'1.1tlon.
Viotims of Nad cQnf1AoattoJ.) will themselves fUe olairna torraa
t'l.tutiotl WI'! hrn1en proof that an objeot wae theirs. When we
have sl;tOh proof '.ve will \ulOIf thQ~ a work. of srt \'le could not
1 ,'hmtif'y before belongs to someone whom VlQ now know.
P. If .vOll will t~ to find aO!!'.e wording for this '"a oan go on and i
nutsh the rest. (r.,,,ds)
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B. I ltm\El'stood when we went on wa were
colleagues Wf:ll"e drsw1ng up.
~vaitiIlg
.
for something your
- .
A.'1'here \-I)oa Ell snggcstion mAde that ola11:,anll nat.1.cllla be invited to
nr)lninnta rElylaoernllnts. DO wi!! 'uhb tit) tie the handa of the oo:mm1t1lee
to thut e1Cteut.?
I thin}\: the olalruant naiiun shO!Jld send reproaantetlvli!e. and
that t.hie f1hould apply only to the nationeth'Jt are not members of
B.
the Oontrol Oouno11.
}.i\,
;Va have a redaO'Uon or paragraphs E, l?, find. G. (::-GI1<1e.)
n.
HOIR.
shall
W(J
Im'lerstand in th~ req1l1remollt for praoentlng
Qfthi? Ibis. f1rha property that was taken away fromthtJ Zone of
QCQi:rpaUQn sinel May 1945, and the pnuen1l location of this?'
~l!l1at refers to Ge~owl'ltni wOrlte of 31:'t th~t were in this
cotUrt~y at; tIle end of tbe war end that have been removed since
A.
aa\l,nth at Uay.
R.
It 1.s not nQOeOIlJal."T to
p~eeenll
snoh 118118..
the,
Objeoto belonging.
to t~e CerroaDs that were ·4I-xPQried after the seventh. of !\'ElY gre
Soviet property. as milltary trollhitio t and. there is no osacJ of
The "iSr.t'l8l111 hU.prop"rty Sltch aa "al.nable worka ot
art to B.aVI3 them frllm ~lUal7 aotion.. ;Zuoh properly SI'll property
ta}:an by troops, Gspeo1al17 the Red ArmY'. is wlthont daub" mil1tlU'J
trophies and. cannot bj ttaed for replacemiln1i, it if! 11sa1eFlA to make
a list for 9"oh propert7. .
.
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I dOD,'t ,nndel'etond how, works of Br~ oan at one time be' ,
ci)rgJidered a pr;-lcell1ss na~1ona.l aaset and the 'next m.omont olasse4
wi tn.inartiatio' objects snob as 8 trlJ.ok 01:' a oannon. vfhen, for
saftJty, a worK, of art 10 l}laced, in el.mllHsry obJ'3QUve t why
should It bl8 cl')neiderc;d an7 di:ffnan1r than a 'I'lorit of Bl'1J not
'
~i'l;ored In a mill tary obJeotive? I thought tha.t the quadl'ipal·tite
,\.
OCOl1patton o'! GtI!l"!Ilan1 VISS blliM Qo:nduotod on a uniform baI,1ia and.
that e~H::h l'erty ad 3!lRtd\loUoles on a {Jomrnon baa~ a. I ,J.).d !'loiJ
k.now tLll, l\OYl that !l work Qf art wae oonsidarfJd a ~ til mil!.tal'Y tropby •
I /.nil not olasr on tbie, whether the ~;ovii3t del~gate.t.~et'a:rred to
nbjects buen by 1.nd1ddusln during or ~t'ter a bg,ttle, Qr ·things
removed wIth the authori tY('otthe AJ.'1D.9'. How "an the q,uairipartite
grOllp ':lOrlt for l"Q,lacemont if 1 t .ioes not; 1"-1\0111 whall has beell 't;illt6!l
.8.
.<1W8y'l
. '
R. : ' 'the l)rOpartl bk~l! 'by indbU'llal soldiers
01' a.uthor-it-tefft
I
mean property talr.en by tho nation Itsdf. Vor in Gltanc8' at 'Berlin
there ware ~nti-a1roraft fortitications whioh .ere capturGc1 by
tha Red Army- then works of art'llere fi::lt1nd 1n thes8 t'm:ti:f1oationlil.
It 10 natnr.! that the military llutborit1es took everythiu@; thoU
was t'onnd in these fodif1oatio!l •• tlS trophies. to tlla nation that
captured them. It; '1101'1111 b. strang$ it' the military Oll'tl1or1t1u
t~ok only military pl:'opertYt leaving the workn of sr. t~ the Germans.
'~heae objeots erG cutt1inl,y milUar1 trophies.
As to the AmeJ;*1oan
delee,ate.- e remark abol'1' tmiform military gov8J;ru1lent poliO:;'. as
,
far as I know 'lie are carry1ng ont a. uniform polioy and 1'1; haa
notbing to do with the q!l1ltstbn. Tha ~,enSEl of the At'!.er1cem dele
gate _r.J reii1tu,'ks has' no sanea for me ..
A. Unilatel.'al removal of WOl"1ts of art trom Germany is Ii. po]:)y .
'l'1biah has no IjohoElIllOllg the oth(U". ooo,t\p~1Jl~ powers of Qermany. I
thOlVJht till! tlJr."l\HiI of thll Inetruot1011B .f.!.1ven to 1).9 \'lould. prillSl1l?POee
that obJaeta fOllnd 1.D Germeny wl11o,h are Qf sl.1l'f'1aient value to be
'used as. l;'IJplaoemants wottld ot cou.ree. be held for disposal. by .tha
ac.. ~tlat is wh,{ I l'eferl"e4 to unl.$!orm. polioy for thE! oooll))a'tl:lon
01' G.$l-ma.n,. To assist OtU- l·€ . sUt.lltlon ol'ga.nlzatlol1s. whoaanrLot
\vorl::-R1tllollt, suoh lists, we should mal~ lilts ot the propsr1Jy
in Ger.nall lnUB!!UnUitt 1)1"i; galleries. and oollec1l10,t)s of pl'lvate
....wner,I;J aDd ,lubmit them to Ol.ir r9at1tu.'tion limthoJ~1tiea for raplaoam,ant
of loat pl~operft1.
' . .
',"
B. I oannot .sua/! wi lIh thll Sov1et dUe~at(l that Vie don't need
Uuh of objec1Js removed.. TM P01191 that was wOl>ked out had
nothing ,to do 'lit th worlcB of art as t~()};'I~188 of wa.1'. It we oannot
agree I Elb~uld 11keto ad~ e.r~d8r 101Jne iiUpel:' '\that the un1ted.
J;;:lnia.<lm~hl~ UB~S of objects removed from Germ.any aincQ 1',10y
1945 ShOllld bI!i g1Yl!lu to the oommittee.,
.
. A., I
I)ID. of 'bhe name op1nllln.
. iJerman:;, !It the ~and of t!,1a war
I t ill neceiiJasry to ltr:lOw what WEiS ill
to be a.ble to make .'cplacemanto.
I agree w1thtll~'B:dtl.h and AJne:rloa:n deleBates that 'lie neelS. aD
It t,h,EI. SOY,ht, d"ellS,OO,
't;h1llks ,herG is aO'me :vrO};lQrty
, 'bhat OM Oil 00.015141&1:'84 38 trol,hiea of war, i t would bs normal. tnat
th t1 3ov1et delEr,ate aJ),resa this on papGr. b:;, making 11 special
r<9aerve1Jion tol' thiS wta 1Jl'ophiea.
.'
.
P.
t,'
1.nV".ent"on,...
It.,,
I
nnd
1,
pOIIIS:~18 110 8001P", paragraph G WUho!11thla P~S'.
M3 COll.e, ag!1Go d.I) n,ot agree on this. I ion,
whlcl:l w~s d.1scussd,.·
findi,t neQ&ssary to d1ecQsathla qti.8~1on at this meetIng. b~ to.
J:'ciaord m;r Op1n10D eeparaffe17 and to inform the Dlreotorate~bollt i t •
.
.
., A., coUld. the ~ovld
"
'
delesate expand 1f.he theory of t\8Wg' works of
•, art .mil cjthe.r. cultUral JrlB. teria18 aebroihies'l Is it th~ pol1cy to
treat oultural. mate1"ial. as tropllieB on1.y when tOllJl4 in m111t81'1
1n8tal18Uon&?
R. _ I onlJ usec1 this aa an example to exprus my thollBht. It 1s
_\la.leos ' 0 diSOU8S thie I11leet1oll at tllis meeting any I!lore. !1:Ie
. phroei oOlltaine4 in parasra»h G 1s u8e18B8.
�,
REPROD'.,;CEO AT TH"E tlAl'i(/:.'~A,~f;I'\~V~~':1
-15
1.. Many obje9ts toond iAtbe ZOD5S w@re remove! to avoid. bamb1ng.
diruoto:ca dll nilt lenaw eher.:a their coUeotiono are IinIS
Many1!1ll.vaum
only the oocupying autbQr1'b1ee know whttrQ they are l"1g11t now. !~he
paragraph in queaUon anablae an anewlJr to 'hie quut.ion. On one
oans9.1 where the.ss obJeot~ are. so I think we should muinta.in thia
.
paragra!;lb •.: It you leelreto Wllte ocael"'latlons before the 'Olreotorate,
that is all ;tight.
'
.
.
.
. 1
II. I don It agree u!-bh a uertaln phrg,se. 1t is n1denll I cant 11 acoep"
the whole paragrslih. I oannot agree to thle phrase and we will
inlonn the Dil'ectorato.
liI.
'J!hs Sovi.ei delegate an;)uld add whtll ';;a ai&.Il the pal'U t,hat he
doeo not aooept the 9hrase 1n question or 'elae in the opinion
Unl.ted Kingdom
ll~legatetb1s
A. 'l!he futt'wr ",,'refers llo1; ,to (l\l'f; off the arm of his child.
would prefer the BrUhn 4elee;ate's first proposal.
R.
~f
phrase should. be ,withd.rawn.
I SI(!,r'ce to ilIsy1.tlgtr.at I do not
a~E:a
the
I
w1th this lChraSl1.
!Jay I aa~ tee· Uuae:lwl delel3a.te whero or when r oouJ.d find
fnrthsJ:' EU'lHshtenment on the poliOI ot trophhs of 'liar wh1"h is
l1UW to lI1e']
A..
R.
l~iy" dcalarati~
:.
. t
ontronh1ee was an lllumtrating
;r
I,
I:
~x3l!l.ple.
I~M1J
d.el~g1f.te
is 'fhi I. do no1;:,Wldsrataodthe question of the' American
a.bout add.~.1.R~eXplaD.ati o-llS.
. A.
!Ira
ml1ita~1
of u1i cO!1l.JU,red so'tro;;h1ee only i.f found in
installations or 1f found anrwhere in thQ Zone?
..
,
obJG~t~
R. . I gave an
F.
B) •
~xample . 1
don' is 'w8nt to $ive BUyS',lore ..
La'/; 119 l1:td.t Olll' qllut.ioua. \rere~lds l',aragra}}h) j;'eaul!l Paragraph
r
\.
.,
,
"
A. 111 dQao nut oover pGuple l'tho ~ra st1~l Garman 01111.\lno. I
tbil'lk . W(J ahuulCl load flhe D0"81u8 in !aVIJ:e' of v10tims af Ired
Oppl."osaion.
Th1a qu.e8~lcm is no'b u.adttr flbe .1urbdio'UOll ot
We should refer the qnostion to ,the J)lreatorota.
R.
OlU'
oQUI.Ill1ttee.
(?rGnoh delegate reads G)
A.
I wvll.U UltitO ohange, one \Tord in tllo Sn.zlir.shi)!v(}l'aion. t any
G~~41an rlipodiol.·y· to f any ~)'thGr Ge:man InstflUatian'.
u.
1 have th. paplSr '1II1.1;h m:t ll'flservaiiiou. (roads)
F.
Does thea Amerioan delegate wish to
A.
NOt I retire.
&'.
'.ehsn the paper ts adopted with the reservstion .nallleti •
other
l'~vise
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PRINCIPLES RELATING TO CULTURAL PROPERTY
I.
The Integrity of Cultural Property.
The integrity of the
historic and artistic heritage of all nations shall be respected.
Cultural property, including institutions, buildings, movable
property, collections,. and total resources and endowments shall
be protected from every mode of seizure, except replacement 'for
proven losses of looted property".
No transfer of cultural pro
perty of proven enemy ownership shall be made except under legal
proceedings.
II.
(Hague Convention, IV, of 1907.)
Replacement of Looted Cultural Property.
Cultural objects
looted by the enemy and not found should be replaced from enemy
collections.
Replacement should be made,"upon the following conditions:
(1) The
fulles~
justification by adequate proof of loss; (2)
the adjudication of claims and approval of objects used in replace
ment by an inter-Allied tribunal
o~
court; (3) full publication
of claims, the decisions, and the replacements made.
Comment:
The Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives officers in
the European and Far Eastern theaters have expressed the following
opinions with regard to. the final settlement of artistic and his
toric property.
"We wish to state that from our knowledge, no
historical grievance will rankle so long or be the cause of so
much justified bitterness as the removal, for any reason, of a
part of the heritage ofa'ny nation • • •
"
itA war has been lost and many acts of a beaten nation have
'-
been savage and wanton.
In'the interests of peace and justice
these acts have got to be punished and some kind of retribution
made.
But in those same interests, the job has got to be done
fairly.
In the long run, the vanquished as well as the victor
have got to believe that it was fair." ·(G.L. Stout)
III.
Availab;ility of Enemy Collections Protected asa National
Heritage
0
Enemy
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-IREPR~~UCEDATTHENA~O~ALARc~:'~:·.1
DECLASSIFIED
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Enemy collections exempted from use for replacement as a
national heritage should be made permanently available to the
public.
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Cultural'p~pem;t ~luf1_t..Dstlt\1tloDS,tbut141na.·,raovabD!l·
propert7t·co~.tio.,,_.an.I·.tOtal,.reaotlJl>Q.s
. . ,eD$O'ament8 ishaD
e~.p.t
beprotectetl.t.rom·;•••".·. • •··.ot. ·.Id.zure"
·r.eplaCem8Dt :tor
proveD·ioss_. or l:oot~jJ09":rtJ'. ' 'XOVansf'er ofCultura):pro
'otproveil ,e"':__:r_~·PSb&i1 be 11848 exCept
pert)'
p!,'OQeed1q8:.(Bape.C~B~,.,.:
lI.,el",~
f:41901.)·'
II. _PIM-Itt ·pt ,:LQOIc!4'·~IIA·l!mlel.; •. CUltural ob~eet.j
'\~i',
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looted·oJ: thie..,· aDd· ~tto"; .*OUld-be repIaee4hom • ....,
ReplaCfia.mt.'8heuld. ~.'
81&14" ,.tlpOzi., thGto11oVl1ns'eod1~10IUf.
<I) '1'hCt.. ~~.' J.,tH.*caticm~ia4.clUate,;RrOotOf
the'
.f
adju41*.~~.·or~o)a.J••. ·&n4: "P~val
merit
\)J"anm~uiuct·.~r1Waal0r: Co.Qn:I'
:~Sl'
(2,)
ob~"u,.Ued ·m,.replace
'pub1108'.. . .
() NH
C1a~a:. th.dGO~1OD8~·· and .t1Ut.~p1ac_.ts"'.· .
'·C~a'·,:. ~~litSt ..j1De:·Arts:, aDd· ArChives t;ltfloers In'
the ·llurOpQD. .aDd;' :lPat'. .teftl~.ter8bave (aprEtQcnt ·~t.UowiiDg
of
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h1St<»J'1calpte,vaaoe' w11l rankl". ~'" Ioita07 ,be the
mUch 31i8t1fle4\)~~s.• as' the·
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remoftl, 'torU7,"aso~ota
pan Of ·the herl:\ace'Of ·-Uti na~loa",.. ... ·-.
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BDamy ,co1.l.eot1ou exemptedtr_ uSerorrepla~ntas a
national heritage sllo1ll4 ,be
publlc,!.
~Dt17"ai~b~ 'to ',~'
�I.
!h' IUtmtx 'ot
IRJ.Swd
bu.m.
!he Siltelrlt7
or,the
hlatorla and art1at.lc !le2'ltaae of· an _\tOIls ahall 'be t-eSpecte4.
Cultural Pl'opert7. '--lUd1Dl 1Dstltntloas,bu1l411lcs, movabiG
propez1iy, ool.leot1oaa. aDd' total raso_ _ sad' ~tS
be
protected hOm, every made of' seUuJte, except
shan
repla~eBi8l1t tOr
preve. losse8 of ioOttcllprope.-qr. .. ue.DSf'err4 cRtil.'wralpro
perty of' proveD ene.,01I11vsh1psbal1 be ,~ except Ul\firleg81
proceed~8.(Bape COJlvent,1oa.,
lV,
,
or
~901.)
...
,II. BADlaql!llU'&9t MPt;t4: 19lf"~ b»pft)z.CU1tu:ra1 objectS
looted bJ' the tH181V 8Dd DOt toaD'lahoUld' b$ replaCed tHm eD.8B17
collectlO1UJ.
Beplacemeat 'ahoul4 be made upon the to1iow1Ds eoDdl-tloul '
, (1)
nw f'ull.8.tJu.tU~at1on 'bJ" ade'l1a'Ce pl'OOf'
the, &.d3udlcatloD ~ ola,1g8 and appJ"OVal
of 10••,' (i)
or ob~":t_ "use411lI'ep1ace~
meat b7 aD 1n___AliSed vl1nma~ or coan,().tQli ''''llOa1:1_
of claw, the clec1slOaa,aDd tberep1aC_at8 ,1fI8.4ie.
--.
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COJlUl8Dtl ' tile '''''''BU,
the Bu:ropeaa aid Jar.
Fine u\s,; 8Dd' Uchl.es ottlc.rs
1n
BU_ft' theaters "ri', expreaae4 'the'eollow1n& '
op1n1cms with ~ to' thet1Dal _tt~i\t of artistic il!Id' his
toric p:roper\Y. . . WDh tcp"tate, ~t f1acmI,
h1stor1cal~,
wni
raUl. so,, :JAms
-A Va!' hasbe8n
lost
and mal\Y
our kBowl.fJt4le, , 110
or''b$tI1e ea_ otsO
,
much ~ut1t1e4.1ttarbe•• as the relliOVa1., tor _reasOo, eta
'pan of 'Q.a,herltq& or '8.87 nation '•••
wUtcm.
acts
or
a beaten _,.:loil have
of peace,'e,n4 ~utlce
these aots bav. ,_. to' be ,pUJdahe4 aIJd '~ 'k:lm ot· retittnation
,.
made. ·BRt m . . . _
1Dtere.ts;, 'the, 3Gb baS, got to be 40_
beensavqe aat
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'tb.ev~u~:"
as
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!lave got to b8118w tbat It wasta1r!"(O,.L. stolltl,
III.
AD\;llAlA'SittWV ,gslJICItiPRlll9tecl!!\ "'8t foD!:l
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BRem.V oou.ot1Oll8 . . . .W
Dat!oJial her1~.
pub11c,
hom· . . for repia"-Dt.." a
Shoulc1 be made ~u,. aya11ab18 to the
�:.InHP:bY Of 'bilS:JIEd'., . .m..
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. htstcWlo aDd dt1Stl0 herltap
.2lle!ntepl_ Of the
ot ali Dati. . '.ball berespocteci.
Cultural ~, 1aclud1D&' 1DstltutlOJ1S. but(]A1qa"lI09abie
propetV, eol1eoUou, .&1&4 to'-11'880uNell 8D4
~ta
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be protected· heJa '''''17 lIID4e o'f ..~., . . . .t replaC~ 'for
proven
lOaaea
or
looted pro,P8J't7.JIotrauter
ot.ul~'
party 0'1 ~ '8Il8IV~P &ball be . . . . . . ."
proce"'1Dp~(JIapG
II.
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teSal
CoDreratloat· D,. t4 198?:)
lnI.IzIr.
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p.....
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lOOted. b7 the ...,. 'aDd' DOt' iq1m4sbould be repl.,. tl'ODI 'eD8iV .
collact1oDll.
Bepl.acezD8at ahoa14" be . . . . upOIi tla$t~ COD41tl~mzu··
. (1) '!he
h]1*",·.1118~1t1.Oat1bia·b)' a4eq_i* ~ot ios.,·(~)·
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Learned :from Italian Consul General that '-he has been instructed
to send observor to conference in Pari S,t .. purpose of which·.1 S, ,to
discuss reparations in form of 'works of art from Germany~,.~etitLg
odginally SCheduled October 18 but postponed.. Unders'tatid Erench
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of art from Germa.n;y, to replace in part those destroyed; in :;Fran~e
ahd other countrieEi/during war.. 'Italian Consul General stat~d: "
he considered such'action 'politically Unwise and requested
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, 3rd Febr:uary 19.47
DRDR!cgS!MEMO{47)1'
ALLI.I!.'D .CONTROL AUTHORITY
DIRECTORATE~, REPARATIONS., DELIVERIES AND.'RESTITU,TIOk' "
REST ITUT ION,PliOCEDURE COMMITTEE
The Duty Secretary of the Restitutions Procedure' Commi~t~e,
To the Duty Sec~etaryof .the ,Directorate,' ReparatiOn's,
Deliveries> and'Restitut:ion.·
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.RESTITUTI0NOFOSJECTSOF A UNIQUE CH.A.RACTER·
BrSIMIUR ORCOMPARABLK OBJECTS
.
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During its: 36th meeting held on 3lstJanuary 1947·" the R~stftution
Procedure 'Committee took: the fol1owing:decision' concerning· the ;~bC;;:v:e,,:, "
mentioned question:.
'
THE C0M¥ITTliiE DECIDED:~
(149)
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(a)
to' forward to·: the' Directorate, Raparati0t+s,'J:)e1iv.eries :a:p:ci "
Restitut10n the proposal made :br the~.rench ·..pe~eg~t~:,,: ,.'
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After having. been notified ,of ,the fEd lure of8:il,:'res~a~ch
,
pertaiIii'ng to ,arestitutlon clam, the 'ciai~tnatio~" .~f /.
it considers that the object'fdls into"at lea~t' one: of (th!3
categories establish~d by CORC!M(46)34 Appendix "A"w111 be
able to subnii t ,to the Directol:ate J "Reparati,ops; .D~l ~:vEi~les '''','
, and Resti tut,ion a 'claim forreplacemElnt on ~. equiv:ale~t~'bai,is·.
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'. give to the Zone Commanders relevant instructionsfo:r>eacl1:
particular case._ '
. This' decisio~ wil,.l be communicated to the lootednatioris~;'t
The Directorate,' Repar8:tions,' Deliveries and Restitutio'n will' be
informed that the. AmerlcanDelegate did. not agree wfth' this.propo::i'al.
. ,
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(b)
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To. inform the . Directo,rate, Repa'rations'" peliV:eriesan-d'
Resti tutic;m ,that a detailed prQcedure .established on a
quadripartite,basis has been, presBllte4to: the' Re:s:ti~ution
Proce-~ure CO,mm~ ttoe ~ .'. However, asthe"':beleg~t~8: !lete. ~abl'e,
~o 60pie, to an~greenienti the Commtttee ,reque,sts .fuller '
m.~truct~Qns. i~ order to~etennine whether this proce<:i~re.
shoul.db~.studied at greater, length.
,i .
M•.E. PIERRON
"DUXYSECRETARY
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Deap'ateh 1428
June 19." 1950
COP
Y
co NFIDENT rAL
AMERICAN EMBASSY
Raaefj May 31 $)1950
My dear Kr" Spine 11 i
~
In accordance with oar conversation or yesterday 9
I would appreciate very much being advised whether r ...
quests have been presented by any United lations under
Paragraph 9 of Article 15 oftha Treaty .of Peace for .
the re.placemen~ ~ kind ot objects ot artistic?) histor=
ieal and archeological "slue" .If such requests have
been pre8en~ed!) which I understand to bathe situation ll
I should also appreciate being advised as to the pro
cedure toll owed andtbe disposition that has been made
ot such requestso
Sincerely
y()urs~
Lionel ·No Sumners
Legal Adviser
Mro Pier Pas~ale Splnell~9
Ministry of . Fcreign Atfairs 9
Rem
eo'
�L
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C
Enclosure to
Despatch 182g
June
0
p
y
19~ ~950
, CONFIDENTIAL
. MDlISTERO DEGL! AFF ARI ' ESTER!
Con fident 181
4.5/b39
Caro Sigrior Summers®
ad r1.rerls,~ alIa ,Sua letter. del )1 8aggio per comuni=
carLe 1 seguenti dati 9 , qual! risultano cia! nostri 1ncartamentl~
a) 1s. l!:¥cia~ 1a 4YJWslada & ItAlbania (quest ll u1tima tramite
1a Legaz1ane: Jugoslavaulmrso 19481 banno presentato 1stanza
'di restituzione di oggett1 Bdi valora artistico 9 stcrieo ad
archeologico" senA peri riterirsi al paragrafo 9 del1 9 artico10
75.
'
b) 1a sola Nazlone che ha fatta mansions di detto paragrato
nelll?avanzare uaa domanda ai restituzione d1 oggetti artistici
ad archeologici i 1a Gncia ..
Hes8uno degli oge'tti rivendlcati dalla Grecia 4} stato
fin ora 1den titicato in t-erritorio .1tallano p 'nonostante 1e
indagin1 e8eguite dalle~ eompetenti autorltl~ e 1a richiesta
non ha quindi avuto aloUD sequ1to degno di notaQ
=>
. Roma 9 11 14 Giu" 195'0
(signed) Spmelli
Signor Lionel M6 Summers
,Can sulente
Legale
Ambasciata degli Stati Unit! d OAmer1ea
ROMA
�L
June ·19t/ 1950
. Mini stry or Foreign Affairs
s~ Eo To 10
'
Con f'id ent ial .
4;/439
Dear Mr" SWIltIlersg
I refer to your letter of May 31 and coDJrtunicate t.he
following data» which resulted trom a search of ourfiles~
a) France» Yugoslavia and Albania (tb.elast transaction
by the Yugoslav LlIlgation in March9 1941!) have presented .
applications for restitution of obJects· "of'artistict)· .
historical andarchaeolog1cuU val'ue 1t witbOQt, however p
referring to paragrapli 9 of Article 75.,
...'
The only nation which bas DBn:t1oned this paragraph
:in making claim rorr~stitution ot artistic and arche~
logical objects 113 Greacee
.
.
b)
None or the arti~.les demanded· by Graece have hitherto .
bee.n identified in It~llan territory.i1 notw1thstand1ngre~ ..
search performed bycompeteDt autbor1.t ies »aJld therefore
the request has not been to 11 owed by anything worthy at
note"
..
Rome
1)
June
141) 19'1J/
(Signed)
Spinelli
JlIre Lionel JIlt> Summers.
'ega! Adviser
,
Embassy of the United States of America
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Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States, formed in 1998, was charged with investigating what happened to the assets of victims of the Holocaust that ended up in the possession of the United States Federal government. The final report of the Commission, <a href="http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/pcha/PlunderRestitution.html/html/Home_Contents.html"> “Plunder and Restitution: Findings and Recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report"</a> was submitted to President Clinton in December 2000.</p>
<p>Chairman - Edgar Bronfman<br /> Executive Director - Kenneth Klothen</p>
<p>The collection consists of 19 series. The first fifteen series of the collection are composed mostly of photocopied federal records. These records were reproduced at the National Archives and Records Administration by commission members for their research. The records relate to Holocaust assets created between the mid 1930’s and early 1950’s by a variety of U. S. Government agencies and foreign sources.</p>
<p>Subseries:<br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+">Art and Cultural Property</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+">Gold</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gold+Team+Review+Form+Binders+">Gold Team Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+and+Cultural+Property+and+%E2%80%9COthers%E2%80%9D+Review+Form+Binders">Art and Cultural Property and “Others” Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History+Associates+Binder+">History Associates Binder</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Non-Gold+Financial+Assets+Review+Form+Binders+%282%29">Non-Gold Financial Assets Review Form Binders (2)</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+84%2C+Foreign+Service+Posts+of+the+State+Department%E2%80%94Turkey">RG 84, Foreign Service Posts of the State Department—Turkey</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Financial+Assets+Documents">Financial Assets Documents</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%5BJewish+Restitution+Successor+Organization+%28JRSO%29%2C+Oral+Histories%5D&range=&collection=20&type=&user=&tags=&public=&featured=&exhibit=&submit_search=Search+for+items">[Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO), Oral Histories]</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PCHA+Secondary+Sources">PCHA Secondary Sources</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Researcher+Notes">Researcher Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Unnumbered+Documents+from+Archives+II+and+Various+Notes">Unnumbered Documents from Archives II and Various Notes</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=RG+260%2C+Finance+Inventory+Forms">RG 260, Finance Inventory Forms</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reparations">Reparations</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chase+National+Bank">Chase National Bank</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Administrative+Files">Administrative Files</a><br /><a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Art+%26+Cultural+Property+Theft">Art & Cultural Property Theft</a></p>
<p>Topics covered by these records include the recovery of confiscated art and cultural property; the reparation of gold and other financial assets; and the investigation of events surrounding capture of the Hungarian Gold Train at the close of World War II. These files contain memoranda, correspondence, inventories, reports, and secondary source material related to the final disposition of art and cultural property, gold, and other financial assets confiscated during the Holocaust.</p>
<p>For more information concerning this collection consult the<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992"> finding aid</a>.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/35992" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1040718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2954 folders
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Akinsha, Konstantin; Materials from Archives II, 7-14-00 to Colin Fallon
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States
Researcher Notes
Is Part Of
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Box 108
<a href="http://clintonlibrary.gov/assets/Documents/Finding-Aids/Systematic/Holocaust-Assets.pdf" target="_blank">Collection Finding Aid</a>
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/description/956181" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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Reproduction-Reference
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
9/19/2012
Source
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956181-akinsha-konstantin-materials-from-archives-ii-7-14-00-to-colin-fallon
956181