1
500
42
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/a9223c00cef55c44b8b66adba95d926f.pdf
ba4a9b9f27922d856c5f942d64ae38a0
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
J
Original OA/ID Number:
4116A
Document ID:
[PDD-1 Establishment of Presidential Review and Decision
Series; January 20, 1993]
,
Stack:
Row:
v
44
. Section:
1
Shelf: .
Position:
2
1
�~
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.......""
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.L~MI~ED
,:"",.:--. '.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE WHITE HOUSE
20004
WASHINGTON
January 20, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-l
TO:
The Vice President
The Secretary of State
The Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Attorney General
The Secretary of Commerce
The Secretary of Transportation
The Secretary of Energy
Representative of the United States to the United
Nations
The Director, Office of Management and Budget
United States Trade Representative
The Chief of Staff to the President
The Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs
,
The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy
The Director of Central Intelligence
The Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Administrator, Agency for International
Development
The Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
The Director, United States Information Agency
SUBJECT:
Establishment of Presidential Review and Decision
Series/NSC
The following instrumentalities are hereby established to ~irect
the work of the National Security Council and participating
agencies and to inform the departments and agencies of
Presidential directives:
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�,
.
,."
~
.
,.
"LI,LiI!I'i'ED
OFFICIAL USE. ONLY
2
Presidential Review Directive (PRD)INSC
, Thlsseries .';";i11 D~:used to direct: that revie.vlS abd
·a.rfaJ:,yses<be.'1.mdertaken by the departments and agen~ies.
'presj~dential Decision Directive (PDD) IN'SC
This~series~ill be used to promulgatePresidenti~l
decisions on 'national . security mat,ters . .
The Nationa'l Security Review (NSR) and Nationai Security
Directive (NSD}'series are hereby abolished .. A PDD/NSq wil,i be
issued- shortly s:etting.forththe status and dispositio.no~
existing NSR's and ,other . directives.
'
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
'PHOTOCOPY
,,~,
LIMITED OFFICIAL USEONLl
!,..!{\NDWRtTING
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-1 - Establishment of Presidential Review and Decision Series, 1/20/1993
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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1/20/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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2010-1225-F-pdd-1-establishment-of-presidential-review-and-decision-series-january-20-1993
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/087b7176a61f62a92ab7b429bdadc439.pdf
1f45a22398e913dc92fa32b783dcea16
PDF Text
Text
�����
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Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-2 - Organization of the National Security Council, 1/20/1993
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1/20/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/a5c3ea13d265b21da22aac073b6c693f.pdf
180c729f8898a6cd0870819ad2590fbd
PDF Text
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20321
THE WHITE
HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 15, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
DECISION
FOR THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
DIRECTIVE/NSC-5
VICE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
ATTORNEY GENERAL
SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
DIRECTOR OF THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
Public Encryption
Management
.
Advanced telecommunications
and commercially available encryption
are part of a wave of new computer and communications technology.
Encryption products scramble information to protect the privacy
of communications and data by preventing unauthorized access.
Advanced telecommunications
systems use digital technology to
rapidly and precisely handle a high volume of communications.
These advanced telecommunications
systems are integral to the
infrastructure needed to ensure economic competitiveness
in the
information age.
Despite its benefits, new communications technology can also
frustrate lawful government electronic surveillance.
Sophisticated encryption can have this effect in the United
States.
When exported abroad, it can be used to thwart foreign
intelligence activities critical to our national interests.
In the past, it has been possible to preserve a government
capability to conduct electronic surveillance in furtherance of
legitimate law enforcement and national security interests, while
at the same time protecting the privacy and civil liberties of
all citizens.
As encryption technology improves, doing so will
require new, innovative approaches.
In the area of communications encryption, the U.S. government has
developed a microcircuit that not only provides privacy through
encryption that is substantially more robust than the current
government standard, but also permits escrowing of the keys
needed to unlock the encryption.
The system for the escrowing
of keys will allow the government to gain access to encrypted
information only with appropriate legal authorization.
To assist law enforcement and other government agencies to
collect and decrypt, under legal authority, electronically
transmitted information, I hereby direct the following action
to be taken:
�...
2
INSTALLATION
OF GOVERNMENT-DEVELOPED
MICROCIRCUITS
The Attorney General of the united States', or her representative,
shall request manufacturers of communications hardware which
incorporates encryption to install the U.S. government-developed
key-escrow microcircuits in their products.
The fact of law
enforcement access to the escrowed keys will not be concealed
from the American public.
All appropriate steps shall be taken
to ensure that any existing or future versions of the key-escrow
microcircuit are made widely available to U.S. communications
hardware manufacturers, consistent with the need to ensure the
security of the key-escrow system.
In making this decision, I do
not intend to prevent the private sector from developing, or
the government from approving, other microcircuits or algorithms
that are equally effective in assuring both privacy and a secure
key-escrow system.
KEY-ESCROW
The Attorney General shall make all arrangements with appropriate
entities to hold the keys for the key-escrow microcircuits
installed in communications equipment.
In each case, the key
holder must agree to strict security procedures to prevent
unauthorized release of the keys.
The keys shall be released
only to government agencies that have established their authority
to acquire the content of those communications that have been
encrypted by devices containing the microcircuits.
The Attorney
General shall review for legal sufficiency the procedures by
which an agency establishes its authority to acquire the content
of such communications.
PROCUREMENT
AND USE OF ENCRYPTION
DEVICES
The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with other appropriate
U.S. agencies, shall initiate a process to write standards to
facilitate the procurement and use of encryption devices fitted
with key-escrow microcircuits in federal communications systems
that process sensitive but unclassified information.
I expect
this process to proceed on a schedule that will permit
promulgation of a final standard within six months of this
directive.
The Attorney General will procure and utilize encryption devices
to the extent needed to preserve the government's ability to
conduct lawful electronic surveillance and to fulfill the need
for secure law enforcement communications.
Further, the Attorney
General shall utilize funds from the Department of Justice Asset
Forfeiture Super Surplus Fund to effect this purchase.
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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PDD-5 - Public Encryption Management, 4/15/1993
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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4/15/1993
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD5
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/e1de2e917fa487ca784fde13c2f996aa.pdf
567c22107b4fdc8b53448b602030a6a6
PDF Text
Text
. Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Original OA/ID Number:
,
4116A
~.
~
.,.....
,
Document ID:
Stack:
Row:
v
44
[PDD-7 Environmental Policy on Biodiversity and Global
Climate Change, May 27, 199·3]
. Section:
1
Shelf:
Position:
2
1
�..
•
4"
....
20420
. ,F0R OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 27, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-? .
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT. & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
CHAIR, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
. ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
;,
SUBJECT:
Environmental Policy on Biodiversity and Global
Climate Change
This Presidential Decision Directive directs the implementation
of United States policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate
Change.
These policies reflect our response to the concerns
stated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development in Rio de Janeir.o last summer, and establish a
positive leadership role for the United States on both the future
of the world's biodiversity and on, necessary str?tegies to
address global warming.
.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�E'0R OFFICIAL USE ONLY
1.
BIODIVERSITY
On April 21, 1993, I' announced that the United States will sign
th~ Convention on Biological Div~r~ity .. To implement this
decision, the Secretary of StatS.~hallproceed as expeditiously
a~possible in hisn~~btiation~ with other countr{es:to reach
agreement on an interp}e·tatior.·· qf,.,:thetechnology transfer and
financial provisions 'of thetiea'ty'; . The Departm~nt ... of~tate, .in
consriltation with other appropriate U.S. agencies, should also
prepare a positive signing st~tement elaborating D.. S. views on
the importanc;e of biodiversity preservation· and on~theConvent:.iop.
issues of concern. As· vIe proceed with' these negotiations ,we
· should keep our partners
. the busine.ss and environme,ntal
communities apprised of,' our efforts so that our action to ratify·
the:,Convention wil·l. be vlidely supported.
...
In addition, the United States sh~uld become a fullparticipar.t
in the ongoing discussion under the auspices of the. united"
.
Natior;::l Environment:i?io9ram' on" the. need for ,and/dimensions ·of i:l
biosafety protocol pursuant to 'A;rttcle 19 (3) ·.of.the:-Convention .'>'.
While (l,biosafety protocol is. not needed .at this.time-,:we.sholilcL:
'beprepared to join irithe negotiati6nof such,a·protocol shoul¢'.
other c:ount.r-ies. wish to prQceed. Again, v.,TC should ;'keep"our
business an.denvironmenti'll partners informed of our .progress in
. these nd'gotiaticins.
of'
Lastly, ';:heSecretary
State" should, in consul·tation .v/i th other
U. S. 2.gi:~'nc:Les, develop. a full international bioqi;rersi (y
'.
· conse:r:"va--t;j:oristrategy by December 31, 1993.· This:. strategy 'shoal,d
se~cleai, o~t~in~ble objective~,and should promotecoordihated
int~rnati6nal~assistance ~fforts across all U.S.age~cies~:.
.~.'
'. ,
..:':"".
.
,':'
.:'
') .
.L. •
.
. '
A k~y8::;E~ment ofoui> strategyoh . the g16balenvironment involves
responding to the ch;:U:lengeof global. climate . change.: '.' TO.this.
· end,. . united stat~s. is' cOIlJm,i ttedto reducing .i:t.s1' emissions of:
greehh(,)usegases to their 1990 levels 'by the ,year,.2;Q.OO-. . Po. cost-~
effec:t.i~e<p:lan riHlst:be developed. by Augustthat·can- CO.lftil1'ue the>
trend ptr~duced emissions.
. '
..
,,,' ....
.... "
In light· of 'the August deadline, implementation o£!this policy
must p~6ceedrapidly and efficiently~ The Director~Dfthe Office.
of EnvironmentaL.Policy· shoutd' coordinate t.he development of this.
plan, and should iml0:!:Ve .the National .Security. Council, the
National Economic Council, :the' Council of Economic Advisors, the
Office of. Science and· Technoiogy ·Policy, the Environmental
Protection Agency, .theDepartments of Energy, Agriculture,.
Transportation, Commerce;' Stat.e, Treasury and others' as· '
appropriate. The.pl<;in should be coordinated wi th ... key members of
Congre~s as well asoutside'inteie~tsin the business and
environmental communities, as I view it as critical that our
effort~ in this area have th~. broad support of all affebted
constituencies.
,.
. ~~~
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY'
William J. Clinton
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRmNG .
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
PDD-7 - Environmental Policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate Change, 5/27/1993
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/27/1993
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
2010-1225-F-pdd-7-environmental-policy-on-biodiversity-and-global-climate-change-may-27-1993
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ba5a95fa2f3effb385b6be17ace407fe.pdf
31ce22aeff28b272cb34362b51c1cc48
PDF Text
Text
..
..
FOR' OFFICIAL
USE ONLY
20626
THE: WHITE: HOUSE:
WASHINGTON
June 10,
PRESIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
DECISION
1993
DIRECTIVE/NSC-8
FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND
BUDGET
THE CHIEF OF STAFF TO. THE PRESIDENT
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION
AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Declassification
of POW/MIA Records
In accordance with my Memorial Day Announcement of May 31, 1993,
all executive agencies and departments are directed to complete
by Veterans Day, November 11, 1993, their review,
declassification and release of all relevant documents, files
pertaining to American POW's and MIA's missing in Southeast Asia
in accordance with Executive Order 12812.
PHOT0COPY
WJC HANDWRITING
FOR OFFICIAL
USE ONLY,..""
~,,""_ _'\..
•
t=LIN~~)N~IBRARY PHOTOCOpy
.
o':~~_.
_~y.
",
__
'
I;
-=::,":_~_'_ ...__ .~.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
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PDD-8 - Declassification of POW/MIA Records, 6/10/1993
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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6/10/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f18ab1acc921f27b9f2ded322706a5fc.pdf
435f4180bea3dd141d9f3192e5ea4ef7
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Text
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-9 - Alien Smuggling, 6/18/1993
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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6/18/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD9-Alien-Smuggling
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/cbacaad3a573dd1ec5123f5f6b10a45d.pdf
7c969144f190fae05dc27532d48514f5
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Text
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-12 - Security Awareness and Reporting of Foreign Contacts, 9/5/1993
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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9/5/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD12
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ab818adac14c6b80d58b1322b5e37767.pdf
d8d94f6957a2ca3dcd301318a289a83d
PDF Text
Text
�����
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Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
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PDD-14 - U.S. Policy on International Counternarcotics in the Western Hemisphere, 11/3/1993
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
11/3/1993
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD14-US-Policy-on-International-Counternarcotics-in-the-Western-Hemisphere
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/72b5351a4f982db918e6161534cecfbc.pdf
d7e0140dbe62addcf4ec4f796321a120
PDF Text
Text
�����
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
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PDD-15 - U.S. Policy on Stockpile Stewardship Under an Extended Moratorium and a Comprehensive Test Ban, 11/3/1993
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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11/3/1993
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD15-US-Policy-on-Stockpile-Stewardship-Under-an-Exteded-Moratorium-and-a-Comprehensive-Test-Ban
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/8fd0705392f681cb4cbfed321925629d.pdf
64bffb11d8ec4c99fe53985ce811cc8b
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 20t'O-1225-F
FOIA
MARKER·
.This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Original OAIID Number:
4116A
,
Docun1ent ID:
[PDD-16 Environmental Policy on· International
DesertificationIForest Conservation and Fresh Water Security,
November 5, 1993]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position: .
v
~4
1
2
1
�Fcik OF~IGIAL USE ONLY
20913
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 5, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-16
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY, OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
CHAIR, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
Environmental Policy on International
Desertification, Forest Conservation and Fresh
Water Security
This Presidential Decision Directive directs the implementation
of United States policy on international desertification, forest
conservation and fresh water security.
This policy demonstrates
our awareness of the linkages between environmental quality and
national security, reflects our response to the concerns stated
at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
in Rio de Janeiro last summer, and reinforces the basis for a
positive leadership role for the United States in promoting
international resource' conservation.
Degradation of land, forest and fresh water resources can
contribute to international instability.
Such degradation is
closely tied to the challenges of climate change, ocean resource
protection and biodiversity:
land and vegetation degradation
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�F(jl~
01?:iICIAL USE ONLY
operate ag~inst the preservation of biodiversity; forests contain
more than half the planet's species and are major reservoirs for
carbon; poor land management (including overgrazing and
deforestation) results in erosion, siltation and loss of carbon,
usable water and aquatic life; and water resources are affected
by climate change as well as land use practices, pollution, and
changes in water use and demand.
Our strategy for addressing each of these .three issues shall be
based on the following approaches:
negotiation of broad
principles through international conventions or internationally
agreed methodologies; focused implementation of the broad
principles through partnerships at the regional, national and
subnational levels; and demonstration of leadership by example in
the United States.
1.
DESERTIFICATION
The Department
State, in consultation with other appropriate
U.S. agencies, shall continue to seek an umbrel
desertification
convention containing general obligations directed toward:
improving international and regional cooperation in scientific
research and in providing financial and technical assistance;
increasing capacity based on national responsibility and
empowerment of local peoples; promoting a greater role for non
governmental organizations; and improving education.
To
implement such obligations, the United States will support
negotiation of sub-agreements focusing on specific geographic
regions, beginning with Africa where the problems are most
severe.
To highlight United States leadership, the Departments of
Interior, Commerce (NOAA) and Agriculture, in coordination with
other appropriate U.S. agencies, shall explore a domestic
demonstration program aimed at optimum management of drylands for
sustained use within existing funding sources.
This effort
should engage Federal, state and local agencies and interest
groups to understand and combat dryland degrada.tion, and to
predict and mitigate the effects of drought.
This program should
pursue domestic land and fresh water use reforms, including
changes to policies that lead to greater desertification
pressures such as water, grazing and mining subsidies.
2.
FOREST CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE
At the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development,
countries agreed to non-binding principles on forest conservation
and sustainable use. Our key long term goal is to see that all
forests worldwide are sustained according to sound forest
management principles. Our strategy includes bilateral programs
to conserve forests and biodiversity and maintain existing carbon
reservoirs, and support for appropriate activities in the
\
proposed World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development,
the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, the
Food and Agriculture Organization and other fora to foster
international agreement on forest management.
.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�3
Our policy is to foster long-term cooperative partnerships with
key forest countries and organizations, especially in developing
countries and countries with economies in transition.
The
Departments of State and Agriculture (USFS), the Agency for
International Development and the Environmental Protection
Agency, in cooperation with and other appropriate U.S. agencies,
shall develop recommendations to further strengthen the "Forests
for the Future" program and other U.S. bilateral and multilateral
assistance for forest conservation by establishing concrete
objectives and priorities, expanding interagency collaboration,
identifying ways to mobilize private sector funding and
implementing model programs.
Finally, we must take the lead internationally by observing these
principles ourselves.
The United States is committed to a
national goal of achieving sustainable management of U.S. forests
by the year 2000. Our national objectives are that:
our
nation's forest should be healthy and productive; the growth of
our timber should exceed harvest; and our forests should be
reservoirs of biological diversity and carbon.
This U.S.
commitment to the goal of sustainable forest management should
support our efforts to address the concerns of producing
countries regarding market discriminatibn and a double standard
in the context of the International Tropical Ti~ber Agreement and
its Target 2000.
The Department of State shall consult with
other governments concerning a regional conservation agreement to
implement the UNCED Forest Principles for temperate and boreal
forests in the North American region and/or for all Arctic
nations.
3.
FRESH WATER SECURITY
Water scarcity and declining water quality are concerns of
developing countries and are among the first issues that will be
addressed by the UN Commission on Sustainable Development
(UNCSD).
The United States shall lead the UNCSD on this issue by
supporting the development of operational guidelines for the
implementation of internationally agreed principles of freshwater
management outlined at UNCED.
The Department of State and AID,
working closely with other U.S. agencies, shall support the
following actions: assist developing countries to improve water
. management, policy analysis and planning procedures; encourage
decentralized and democratized water use planning and
implementation; and promote technology cooperation and transfer a
variety of technologies for water management, supply pollution
prevention and sanitation.
In response to the threat posed by international competition over
water, the State Department's International Water Resources
Coordinator shall establish an interagency task force to identify
opportunities where the U.S. can demonstrate leadership by
introducing analytical techniques and promoting resolution of
transboundary and regional conflicts over water resources.
Recognizing the continuing and rapid destruction of critical
wetlands and U.S. obligations under the International Treaty on
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�Fc,n OF1:'ICIAL USE O N L Y . 4.
wetlands Conservation (Ramsar Convention), the Departments of
State and Interior (USFWS) and AID, in coordination with other
U.S. agencies, shall pursue bilateral and multilateral avenues to
provide technical a~~istance to developing dountries and
countrieswho~eeconomics ~re i~ transition to prom6te the'wise
us~ of wetlands, including supportfor'~anagement,monitoring,
research training and education, .and public awareness programs.'
U.S, agencies should coordinate ~h~ii s~pport within. the
framework 6f'ihe Ramsar Convenfion, including the Wetlands
Conserva'tion Fund, to promote international
forts' fo'rwetlands
conserva.tion.
Fin.ally, to provide furt.her lea:dersh~p, theUni ted States s,hall
identify and apply pollution prevention! water 'and' V{etlands,
conservation,. ·and e'cosystem management principles, 'and.
technologies to our own'water resources.
.
..,
"' .
...,.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
PDD-16 - Environmental Policy on International Desertification Forest Conservation and Freshwater Security, 11/5/1993
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
11/5/1993
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Reproduction-Reference
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
2010-1225-F-pdd-16-environmental-policy-on-international-desertification-forest-conservation-and-freshwater-security-november-5-1993
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/be72269c8c8e263399fdf3b8e3607a54.pdf
4ff0621f0103d717151e47dab4265ffa
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-1225-F
FOIA
.MARKER
.
.
.
.
This is not a textual record. This is used as an . , .
administrative marker by the ~linton Presidential .
Library Staff.
Original OAIID Number:
4117
Document ID:
[PDD-19 Environmental Policy on Multilateral Development
Banks and Global Environmental Jiacility, January 5, 1994] .
"
,
Stack:
v
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
43
6
8
1
;
�21096
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WAS H I NGTO N
January 5, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-19
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
CHAIR, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
CHAIRMAN, EXPORT-IMPORT BANK
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
Environmental Policy on the Multilateral
Development Banks and The Global Environment
Faci
This Presidential Dec ion Directive directs the implementation
of United States environmental policy related to the multilateral
development banks (MDBs) and the Global Environment Facility
(GEF) .. Our policy
lects the importance of both the MDBs and
the GEF in addressing environmental problems around the world.
It also recognizes (1) that U.S. leadership in the environmental
reform of the banks and the restructuring.of the GEF is essential
if we are to achieve our global environmental objectives and (2)
that our policy leadership must be backed by a financial
commitment commensurate with our leadership role.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2
Our goals must be to assure that the development agenda of the
MDBs is both environmentally sustainable and socially equitable,
and that the GEF is an effective vehicle for funding projects
that achieve global environmental benefits.
To accomplish these
goals, the United States should pursue a policy based on four
tenets:
(1) greater public access to information and greater
public participation in both donor and recipient countries. to
assure public support for the institutions and their projects;
(2) increased U.S. oversight of the MDBs and the GEF to assure
that the projects funded are environmentally sustainable; (3)
continued strong financial support of these multilateral
financial institutions consistent with appropriate reform and
restructuring; and (4) strengthened diplomatic efforts to seek
international support for our environmental reform agenda.
ENVIRONMENT AND THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
Because the MDBs are a major source of development assistance, it
is essential that we work with them to ensure that their programs
are environmentally sustainable over the long term.
To accomplish this, we must pursue a focussed agenda.
First, we must strengthen our own ability to provide effective
oversight of MDB environmental performance.
This will require
that the Department of the Treasury promote greater coordination
among agencies, as well as an increased emphasis on environmental
review during the early stages of MDB project planning and policy
development~
The Environmental Protection Agency and other
technical agencies should augment their existing provision of
scientific and' technical expertise in support of the Department
of the Treasury.
The Agency for International Development should
lead with bilateral assistance projects that fully integrate
environment and development goals. AID should also support the
Department of the Treasury's MDB activities with its technical
expertise.
Second, we must continue to press the MDBs for improvements in
their policies and procedures that affect the environment.
We
need to ensure that the banks (1) improve environmental screening
of projects; (2) require the preparation 9f environmental impact
assessments for all projects with significant environmental
effects, including private sector projects supported by MDB
loans; and (3) improve their mix of staff skills in the
environment and social sectors.
We must also press for stronger
policies in the areas of public access to information, public
participation in the design and implementation of strategies,
programs, and projects, and an effective procedure to obtain
review of proposed projects.
These changes will
participate on the
diplomatic efforts
The Vice President
require support from other countries that
boards of the MDBs.
We should iricrease
to seek international support for our agenda.
and I wi~l both use opportunities to seek
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
3
support from foreign leaders for the environmental strengthening
of the MDBs.
I ask that agencies involved in environment and
development, particularly the Departments of Treasury, State,
Interior, and Commerce, the Agency for International Development
and the Environmental Protection Agency, stress the same agenda
in their contacts with foreign counterparts.
Finally, we must continue strong financial support for the MDBs
as we intensify our efforts to advance our environmental agenda
in these institutions. We must also positively express to
Congress and the American public our clear support for the basic
activities and purposes of the MDBs.
Without a strong and
dependable contribution from the United States, we will lose our
leverage to improve the environmetit in the developing world.
THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
The GEF is critical to our efforts to address threats to the
global environment, including global warming, loss of
biodiversity, and pollution
international waters.
It is also
our to assist countries with economies in transition to curb
depletion of the ozone layer. A successful GEF is in the
interest of the .United States and is an important investment in
the future environmental security of our nation and the world.
ot'
In light of this, the United States must provide leadership in
the restructuring process of the GEF.The GEF must complement,
not substitute for, strengthened environmental and social
programs in the multilateral development banks and the United
Nations development organizations.
It must be restructured to
sustain the financial support and confidence of developed and
developing countries.
It must fund only the highest quality
projects that enjoy broad support among the participatin~
governments. ,It must become broadly acceptable as the financial
entity for implementing the international conventions on climate
change and biodiversity.
We should pursue the following objectives in the GEF
restructuring process:
(1) the participating governments, both
donors and recipients, should have ultimate authority over the
GEF; (2) management responsibility, including work plan and
project approval authority, should reside within a body composed
of representatives of the participants; (3) the World Bank should
supply administrative support and financial management of the
facility but should not control the GEF's policies, programs,
eligibility criteria, or projects; (4) the GEF should involve
non-governmental organizations and local communities in all
phases of the project cycle; (5) the GEF should be transparent
and accountable both to its recipients and donors and to the
conferences of the parties for the climate and biodiversity
conventions, and therefore must establish clear procedures
insuring access to information on GEF projects and associated
projects throughout all phases of the project cycle_
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4
If the GEF is appropriately restructured to meet these objec
tives, the United Stat~s shocild become a major contributor to the
GEF Core·.. Fund. AID should also expeditiously fulfill the balance
of the $150 million U.S. commitment to the GEF's pilot· phase,
using existing resources.
This should be done through a
combinat:ion of parallel financingahd. co-financing of GEE
projects.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRmNG .
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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PDD-19 - Environmental Policy on Mulitlateral Development Banks and Global Environmental Facility, 1/5/1994
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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1/5/1994
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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2010-1225-F-pdd-19-environmental-policy-on-multilateral-development-banks-and-global-environmental-facility-january-5-1994
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/40c406479ca04b8a2b4834e785285c89.pdf
e4ff85f9c3821380b334c77094321cde
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Text
���������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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PDD-23 - U.S. Policy on Foreign Access to Remote Sensing Space Capabilities, 3/9/1994
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
3/9/1994
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Medium
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PDD-23
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/3abedaf8f1ff33c8e9783beeffa5675e.pdf
1c7e4a0d78aca105f093585d09b43b1f
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Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F .
"FOIA
MARKER.
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Original OA/ID Number:
4117
Document ID:
[PDD-24
u.s. Counterintelligence Effectiveness, May 3, 1994]
,
Stack:
v
~ow:'-·
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
~3
6
8
1
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
20536
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 3, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-24
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY qF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
,
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
CHIEF 'OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
,
SUBJECT:
U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness
Many threats to the national security of the United States have
been significantly reduced by the break up of the Soviet Union
and the end bf the Cold War. Core U.S. concepts -- democracy and
market economics -- are more broadly accepted around the world
than ever before.
Nevertheless,
events at home and abroad
make clear that numerous threats to our national interests -
terrorism, pro ferating weapons of mass destruction, ethnic
conflicts, sluggish economic growth - continue to exist and must
be effectively addressed.
In this context, it is critical that
the U.S. maintain a highly effective and coordinated
counterintelligence capability.
A review of U.S. counterintelligence
fectiveness in the wake of
the Ames case highlights the need
improvements in the
coordination
our counterintelligence (CI) activities. The
recent DCI and Attorney General Joint Task Force on Intelligence
Community-Law Enforcement Relations noted that changes to
basic-underlying legal authorities defining the relationship
between the intelligence and law enforcement communities are not
required. Rather, the task force concluded that what is
needed ... "is for the two communities to improve their
understanding of their respective needs and operating
practices ... to cooperate earlier, more closely, and more
consistently ob matters in which they both have a separate but
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2
paral
int~rest."
This Directive outlines specific steps which
will.be taken to achieve the objective of improved cooperation.
Order 12333 designates the National Security Council
(NSC) "as the highest Executive Bratich entity that provides
of, guidance for and direction to the conduct of," among
things, counterintelligence policies and programs.
Cons
with E.O. 12333, l direct the creation of a new CI
structure, under the direction of the NSC, for the coordination
of CI po
matters in order to integrate more fully governmentwide counterintelligence capabilities, to foster greater
cooperation among the various departments and agencies with CI
respons
and to establish greater accountability for the
creation of CI policy and its execution. This new structure will
ensure that a
relevant departments_ and agencies have a full and
free exchange of information necessary to achieve maximum
ef
of the U.S. counterintelligence effort, consistent
with U.S. law.
Nothing in·this directive amends'or changes the authorities and
responsibi
of
DCI, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of
State, Attorney General or Director of the FBI, as contained in
the National Security Act of 1947, other existing laws and E.O.
12333.
I direct that the
llowing specific initiatives be undertaken to
improve U.S. counterintelligence effectiveness:
National Counterintelligence Policy Coordination
•
A National Counterintelligence Policy Board (Policy
Board) is hereby
shed' and directed to report to
the President through the.Assistant.to.the;President.,
for National Security
,The~ex±st~n~-CI_policy'
and coordination 'structure " the- National" Advisory Group'
for Coun·terintel gence , i s hereby abol'ishe~L'and.: its C1.
functions transferred: to.
.,Policy Board ..
•
The Policy Board wi
cons
of one senior executive
representative each from DCI/CIA; the FB~; the'
Departments of Defense, State, and Justicei a Military
Department,CI component; and the NSC, Special Assistant
to the President and Senior Director
Intelligence
Programs.
•
The Chairman of the Policy Board will be designated by
the DCI in consultation with the Assistant to the
President for'National Security
The Chairman
will serve for a period of two years.
The position of
Chairman of the Policy Board will
rotated among
the CIA, FBI, and Department of De
se.
•
The Policy Bo~rd will consider, develop and recommend
for implementation to the Assistant to the President
for National Security Af
policy and planning
directives for U.S. counterintelligence. The Policy
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�. ,
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
3
Board will be the principal mechanism for reviewing and
proposing to the NSC staff legislative initiatives and
Executive Orders pertaining to U~S.
counterintelligence. This Board will coordinate the
development of interagency agreements and resolve
conflicts that may arise over the terms and
implementation of these agreements.
•
A National Counterintelligence Operations Board
(Operations Board) will be established under the Policy
Board with senior CI representatives from CIA, FBI,
DOD, the Military Department CI components, NSA, State,
Justice, and Chief of the National CI Center
established below.
•
The Chairman of the Operations Board will be appointed
by the Policy Board from among the CIA, FBI, or DOD,
and rotated every two years.
The Chairmanship of the
Policy Board-and the Operations Board will not be held
by the same agency at anyone time. TheOperations
Board will discuss and develop from an operational
perspective matters to be considered or already under
consideration by the Policy Board.
It will oversee all
coordinating subgroups, resolve specific conflicts
concerning CI operations and investigations and
identify potential CI policy confl
for referral to
the Policy Board.
counterintelligence Integration and Cooperation
•
The Policy Board, with the assistance of the DCI and
the cooperation of the Director of the FBI, the
Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of State, will
establish a National Counterintelligence Center within
90 days of this directive.
•
A senior FBI executive with CI operational and
management experience will serve as the Chief of the
National CI Center and a senior Military Department CI
component executive will serve as the Deputy Chief of
the National CI Center.
These agencies will hold these
positions for an initial period of 4 years, after
which, with the approval of the National CI Policy
Board and in consultation with the Ass tant to the
President for National Security Affairs, the leadership
positions will rotate, for 2 year terms, among the FBI,
DOD and CIA. At all such times that the FBI does not
hold the position of Chief, it will hold the position
of Deputy Chief.
•
The National Counterintelligence Center will be
located, staffed and in
ly structured as
recommended in PRD-44.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4
•
The National Counterintelligence Center will implement,
interagency CI activities as described in PRD-44 ~nd
report to the Policy Board.
•
The National Counterititelligence Center w~ll serV~ as
the interag~hciy forum for complementaryactivitie~
among CI a~~~6tes. !~heCIA~s Counterintelligence
Center will serve a13'the 'ci"c'bmponent for the CIA and
execute on behalf of the DtIhis authorities to
coordinate all U.S. counteri~telligence activiti~s
overseas.
•
The Chief of ~h~ CIA's Counterintelligence Centei
Counterespionage Group will be permanently staffed by-a
senio~ executive from the FBI.
•
CIA count~rintelligen6e offic~rs will permanently -Btaff
appropria'ce management positions in the' FBI 'sNationa'l
Security Division and/or FBI Field Offices . ,"
"
•
The Policy Board will furnish a report :to the'<Ass,istant,"
to the President for National Security Affairs with
copies to all recipient~ '0£ this Directive onth~
implementation of this ,Directive and all
recommendatio9scontaiiied ,'tn PRD-44 by August 1,1994,.."
,
,
,
,
Implementation
I hereby direct the, r~(:::ipients of this' memorandum ,to implement
all the recommendations cit::ed in PRD-44.
The DCI' is diTectedto~
consult ,\vi th ,the,Assist'an't to -the 'E)re'sident for Nat.ional seclirit,y,
Affairs and thereafter designate'the Chairman of ~he Policy Board
by May 15, 1994. The Policy Board'will convene within 30 ,days of
this dir~ctive and, ,with the 'assisiance of th~ DCI, 'will
establish the Nq.tionalCounterintelligence, Center "wi thin9G. days·
of this d1rective.
.
,
,
The Policy Board will ~e resp9nsible for the regulatmobitoring
and reviF..~w
the integration' and coordination ofU.. S;
counterin:telligence pr'ograms.
The, Policy Board will ,provide an
anntial ~eport to the Asiistant to the President for Nati6n~l,
Security Af
rs and on ·US collllterintelligenceeff,ectiveness.'
of
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
. PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITIN~
.....
,
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Paper
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Title
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PDD-24 - U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness, 5/3/1994
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/3/1994
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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2010-1225-F-pdd-24-us-counterintelligence-effectiveness-may-3-1994
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/8d992f6e5985f952c03fdf57ef798739.pdf
ce5ad70c87c269b43a4805b4bec2e697
PDF Text
Text
�����������������������������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Paper
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PDD-25 - U.S. Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations, 5/3/1994
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/3/1994
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-25
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5b86347333d26c0cc89fc8bcc256033c.pdf
7ccbcfab4671a1a0cda12c43a353e51f
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presid~ntial
Library Staff.
"
Original OA/ID Number: .
4117
.
Document ID:
[PDD~26
u.s. Policy on Arctic and Antarctic Regions, June 9,
1994]
Stack:
v
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position: ' .
43
6
8
1
�20270
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 9, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-26
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECR~TARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE 'AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
United States Policy on the Arctic and Antarctic
Regions
This Presidential Decision Directive directs the implementation
of United States policy related to the Arctic and Antarctic
regions.
Our policy reflects the importance of protecting both
of these unique and fragile environments, including their
potential for scientific research on regional and global
environmental issues.
It also recognizes the need for
~nternational cooperation in both regions and the role for U.S.
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leadership in these cooperative international efforts. Our
policy further reflects important differences between the two
regions:
the Arctic is an inhabited area in which development
must be carried out in an environmentally sustainable manner;
Antarctica, established by treaty as a zone of peace and
international cooperation, is to be maintained as a relatively
pristine reserve devoted to scientific research.
Except as otherwise stated herein, this Directive does not
address existing relationships among relevant agencies with
Arctic and Antarctic responsibilities.
The Arctic
The United States has six principal objectives in the Arctic
region:
(1) meeting post-Cold War national security and defense
needs, (2) protecting the Arctic environment and conserving its
biological resources, (3) assuring that natural resource
management and economic development in the region are
environmentally sustainable, (4) strengthening institutions for
cooperation among the eight Arctic nations, (5) involving the
Arctic's indigenous peoples in decisions that affect them, and
(6) enhancing scientific monitoring and research into local,
regional and global environmental issues.
Although Cold War tensions have dramatically decreased, the
United States continues to have basic national security and
defense interests in the Arctic region.
We have a strong
interest in maintaining peace and stability throughout the
region. We must maintain the ability to protect against attack
across the Arctic, to move ships and aircraft freely under the
principles of customary law reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea
Convention, to control our borders and areas under our
jurisdiction and to carry out military operations in the region.
The end of the Cold War, however, allows a significant shift of
emphasis in U.S. Arctic policy. The new atmosphere of openness
and cooperation with Russia has created unprecedented
opportunities for collaboration among all eight Arctic nations on
environmental protection, environmentally sustainable
development, concerns of indigenous peoples and scientific
research.
In turn, cooperation in these areas will help reduce
the risk of a resurgence of traditional threats.
U.S. environmental and conservation interests in the Arctic are
shared by the eight Arctic rim nation~'and are reflected iQ the
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS), a non-binding
agreement among these countries adopted in 1991. The AEPS calls
for coordinated monitoring of radioactive and chemical pollutants
(both direct discharges into the Arctic region and long-distance
transport by oceanic and'atmospheric circulation) and assessment
of health and ecological risks.
These activities are essential
to rationally determining priorities for potential response
measures.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy and the
Office of Management and Budget should work with relevant U.S.
agencies through the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee
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(IARPC) to produce an integrated national program of research,
monitoring, assessments and priority-setting that most
effectively uses available resources, in the context of the FY96
budget process. Over this same period, the Department of State
and other agen
should seek better integration of the
monitoring and assessment programs of all Arctic nations and
pertinent international organizations (such as the, International
Atomic Energy Agency), under the auspices ,of the AEPS.
The United States should work with the other Arctic nations on
measures to protect the marine environment from oil pollution and
other adverse
resulting from existing and planned landbased and offshore development activities and from potential
increased use of the Arctic Ocean as a shipping corridor.
The
Department of the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), the Coast Guard and other relevant agencies should review
the adequacy of current U.S. measures. Working within the AEPS
and bodies such as the International Maritime Organization, the
Department of State and other agencies should urge the other
Arctic nations to adopt marine environmental safeguards no less
stringent than our own and to assure that adequate and
coordinated capabil
are in place to respond to oil spills,
radiological incidents and other pollution emergencies.
The United States should cooperate with the other Arctic nations
to conserve the region's rich and unique biological resources.
The Department of State, working with the Department of the
Interior and other relevant agencies, should promote a
cooperative review by the Arctic nations of the adequacy of their
existing Arctic wildli
reserves, including relevant U.S.
reserves in Alaska. This should include examining with Canada
whether existing reserves and reserve management policies in our'
two countries adequately protect the, habitat of the Porcupine
River caribou herd.
The Department of the Interior, in
consultation with the Department of State, should ensure full
U.S. compliance with the Agreement on the Conservation of Polar
Bears. Working with NOAA, the Department of State should seek
agreements with Russia to better conserve walruses and seals.
The Departments of State and the Interior should explore options
to permit the taking of birds by indigenous peoples at
sustainable levels fbr subsistence purposes, including possible
amendment of the 1916 U.S. Canada Migratory Bird Treaty.
The United States should also work with the other Arctic nations
to ensure that resource management and economic development in
the region are economically and environmentally sustainable. The
Department of the Interior, EPA, NOAA and other relevant agencies
should work in cooperation with the State of Alaska to review
environmental-assessment procedures in order to assure that
development planning takes into account cyclical economic
impacts, social impacts on indigenous peoples and long-term
environmental impacts. The Department of State should urge other
Arctic nations to adopt and implement transparent domestic
procedures for environmental assessment which assure that
development planning addresses the, full range of economic, social
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and environmental impacts from projects that affect the Arctic
region and are subject to a decision by competent national
authorities.
Meeting these expanded needs for environmental cooperation in the
Arctic will require strengthened international institutions.
The
Department of State, in cooperation with other relevant agencies,
should seek to create a more formal policy forum through which
the Arctic nations can oversee implementation of the AEPS and
discuss other appropriate issues. This effort should include
exploration of a legally binding international agreement building
on the principles and objectives of the AEPS.
Such arrangements
should provide appropriate roles for Arctic indigenous peoples
and other non-governmental organizations active on Arctic issues.
Our bilateral relations with Russia offer further opportunities
to protect the Arctic environment.
Russia is responsible for a
disproportionate share of Arctic pollution and is home to vast
but increasingly threatened biological resources.
Russia has
substantial scientific expertise in these areas but limited
economic resources. Within the limits of our own resources, the
Agency for International Development and other relevant agencies
should consider Arctic issues when formulating energy and
environmental initiatives for our Russian assistance program
pursuant to the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission on Economic and
Technical Cooperation and in other contexts. Agencies should
seek ways to encourage the growth of Russian institutions for
environmental monitoring, assessment and management of that
country's Arctic resources and to collaborate with the Russian
science community to carry out conservation and sustainable
development strategies.
In cooperation with other relevant
agencies, the Department of State and EPA should seek to update
the 1972 agreement with Russia on environmental cooperation.
The
Department of State should pursue negotiations on an agreement to
cooperate bilaterally in assessing Arctic contamination.
The Department of State should also continue strongly urging
Russia to accept the prohibition on ocean dumping of radioactive
wastes under the London Convention, not to resume such dumping in
the Arctic ocean, the Sea of Japan, or elsewhere, and to
construct land-based storage, treatment and disposal facilities
for such wastes. The Department of State and other agencies
should be prepared to offer the Russian government technical
advice and technical assistance in this area, as appropriate.
Federal agencies should take steps to involve the State of Alaska
and Alaskan indigenous peoples, our direct links with the Arctic,
in policy making regarding this region.
Representatives of the
State, local governments and indigenous peoples should be
included where appropriate on U.S. delegations to relevant
international meetings and involved in domestic decisions
affecting them.
Relevant agencies should give careful
consideration to indigenous peoples' unique health, cultural and
environmental concerns when developing Arctic policies.
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;Antarctica
. United States policy toward Antarctica has four fundamental
objectives:
(~) protecting the relatively unspoiled ~nvironment
. of Antarctica ~nd its associated ecosystems, (2) preserving and
pursuing unique opportunities for scientif
rese~ich-to.
understand Antarctica"'f?\-nd, global physicala'nd environmental
systems, (3) maintaining Antarctica as an area of international
cooperation reserved exclusively for peaceful purposes, anq(4) "
assuring the conservation and sustainable management ,of the
Ii vil1g resources in the oceans surrotind,ing Antarct,iCa.
TO,pursiIe these objectives the U.S. strongly supports the'"
Treaty of 1~59 which establishes the area as a' zone of
p~ace and internation~l cooperation.
The U.S. has taken the lead
in negotiating and implementing related agreemeritsconcerning
Antarctica .andits surrounding waters.
The mostr-ecent.of' these
are the 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resour~e::> and, the 1991 Protocol on Environmental
.
Protection to" the Antarctic. Treaty. The U.S. also ma,t9ia~ns an
ac-ti ve presence in Antarctica ,through the participatio-n.O'fthe.
National Sci~nce Fo~mdation (NSF) and other agencies" to'·suppo·rt
the, condlH.i,t of scientific research in the regi9n . , '
Antarcti~
The 1991:En\~irohmental Protection Protocol accords the highest
priori-t.Y:,~·:\:~ip:x'otectingthe Antarctic environment, an¢l. .. pursu:i,.ng .
scient;i.f:i,.c:r-ese~rch ... · Havingt'aken a lead role in negotiating the,
Protocol, ,it
'. our policy to become a party to it. as·sOon. as
legislatioh'is enacted to give U. S. agencies' the nece'ssary
authori t.y~ 1::0 jcmplement all of its provisions. To that· 'end·;: we
have submi-tt9'(:t':cornprehensi'Ie implementinglegislatiori,,'tb', 1
Congress.
r~,.'lJ: .. i'i21evant agencies are directed to wor-,k"
.
cobperat'ivelY~'/ith Congress toward early enactment:;
this,
legislation; .. In ,the' interim, relevant agencies-are.directed to
implement relevant existing laws ina manner cons·isten:t,'.. ,ith "the
Protocol and .;ou,t" proposed legislation wherever possible'.
As a part:ytot6e 1980 Convention on the Conservation of
AntarcticH'arine' Living Hesources /theUnifed States should.
continue~otake the lead in promoting a cautious, risk averse
apprOach t:9.theexploi tation of fishery resources in this: region.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should.
.
maintairi.a strong $cientific program that enablesth~United
States to persUasively advocate effective conservation and:,
sustainable'ma'r.lagement of these resollrces by fishing nation'S,~'
Coordination~nd.lmplementation
Coordination and implementation of our international policies for
sho~ld be the responsibility of the Arctic and
Antarctic subgroups of the Interagency Working Group on Global
Environmental Affairs, chaired-by the Department of· State and
reporting to the NationalS~curity Council.
these~egions
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Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-26 - U.S. Policy on Arctic and Antarctic Regions, 5/9/1994
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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5/9/1994
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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2010-1225-F-pdd-26-us-policy-on-arctic-and-antarctic-regions-june-9-1994
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
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https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/120d45717bf53b9eb43e7642266f3767.pdf
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Original Format
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Paper
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PDD-28 - U.S. Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean, 9/8/1994
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD28-US-Policy-Toward-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/f87de72f87f06aed4cbdb28d4e716cb4.pdf
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I
Original OAIIP Number:
4118
Document ID:
[PDD-29 Security Policy Coordination, September 16, 1994]
,
Stack:
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v
43
Section:
'6
Shelf:
8
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2
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20978
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 16, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC - 29
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETAR Y OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN, THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
DIRECTOR, ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
CHAIRMAN, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
DIRECTOR, INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE
SUBJECT:
Security Policy Co~rdination
The end of the Cold War has dramatically changed the threats that defined the security policies
and procedures for protecting our gov_ernment's information, facilities and people. While some
threats have been reduced, others have remained relatively stable or have increased. Our
understanding of the range of issues that affect our national security continues to evolve.
Economic issues are of increasing concern and are competing with traditional political and
military issues for resources and attention. Technologies, from those used to create weapons of
mass destruction to those that interconnect our computers, are evolving and proliferating. With
this greater diversity of threats, there is wide recognition that the security policies, practices and
procedures developed during the Cold War must be reexamined and changed. We require a new
security process based on sound threat analysis' and risk management practices. A process which
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can adapt our security policies, practices and procedures as the economic, political and military
challenges to our national interests continue to evolve.
The Director of Central Intelligence and Secretary of Defense's Joint Security Commission
identified four principles which should guide the formulation, evaluation and oversight of our
security policy:
Our security policies and services must realistically match the threats we face and must be
sufficiently flexible to facilitate change as the threats evolve.
Our security policies and practices must be consistent and enable'us to allocate scarce
resources effectively.
Our security standards and procedures must result in the fair and equitable' treatment of all
Americans upon whom we rely to guard our nation's security.
Our security policies, practices and procedures must provide the security we need at a
price we can afford.
The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, specifies that it is the duty of the National
Security Council (NSC) to consider policies on matters of common interest to the departments
and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security and to make
recommendations to the President in connection therewith. Consistent with the National Security
Act of 1947, I direct the establishment of a new security policy structure, under the direction of
the NSC, for the coordination, formulation, evaluation and oversight of security policy guided by
the above principles.
Nothing in this directive amends or~changes the. authorities and responsibilitiesofthe members of
the Policy Board, including, Director of Central Intelligence. (DCI)"Secretary of Defense,
Secretary of State, Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Commerce; Attorney:General, Director of'
the FBI, Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or Director of the Information Security
Oversight Office as contained in the National Security Act of 1947, other existing raws or
Executive Orders.
I direct the following:
National Security Policy Coordination
The Joint Security Executive Committee established by the Deputy Secretary of Defense
and the Director of Central Intelligence is designated the Security Policy Board and
directed to report to the President through the Assist~nt to the Presi,dent for National
Security Affairs. The existing national security countermeasures policy and coordination
structure, the National Advisory Group for Security Countermeasures, is hereby abolished
and its functions transferred to the Security Policy Board.
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The Security Policy Board will consist of the Director of Central Intelligence, the Deputy
Secretary of Defense, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Deputy Secretary of
State, the Under Secretary of Energy, the Deputy Secretary of Commerce, the Deputy
Attorney General, one Deputy Secretary from another non;..defense related agency and one
representative from the Office of Management and Budget and the NSC staff. The
additional non-defense agency representative will be rotated on an annual basis and
selected by the non-defense agency members of the Security Policy Forum established
below. Senior representatives of other Departments and Agencies will be invited members
at such times as the Security Policy Board considers security_ issues germane to their
responsibilities.
The Chairman of the Security Policy Board will be designated' by the Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs on behalf of the President. .
The Security Policy Board will consider, coordinate and recommend for implementation to
the President, through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, policy
. directives for U.S. security policies, procedures and practices. The Security Policy Board
will be the principal mechanism for reviewing and proposing to the NSC legislative
initiatives and executive orders pertaining to U.S. security policy, procedures and
practices that do not fall under the statutory jurisdiction of the Secretary of State. This
Board will coordinate the development of interagency agreements and resolve conflicts
that may arise over the terms and implementation of these agreements. In coordinating
security policy, procedures and practices, the Policy Board will ensure that all U.S.
Departments and Agencies affected by such decisions are allowed to comment on such
proposals.
Policy disputes that cannot be resolved by this Board will be forwarded to the Principals' :
Committee of the National Security CounciL .
A Security Policy Advisory Board is established to serve as an independent and non
governmental advisory body on U.S. security policy. Five members;.inc1uding a
Chairman, will be appointed by the President for terms of up to three years. The
Chairman will report annually to the President through the Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs on implementation of the four policy principles identified above.
The Security Policy Advisory Board wiJ] also provide a non-governmental and public
interest perspective on security policy initiatives to the Security Policy Board and the
intel1igence community.
The Security Policy Forum established under the Joint Security Executive Committee is
retained under the Security Policy Board to consider security policy issues raised by its
members or any other means; develop security policy initiatives and· obtain Department
and Agency comments on these initiatives for the Policy Board; evaiuate the effectiveness
of security policies; monitor and guide the implementation of security policy to ensure
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coherence and consistency; and oversee the application of security policies to ensure that
they are equitable and consistent with national goals. Policy Forum membership will
include one senior representative from the Office of Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of
Staff, each Military Department, including the U.S. Coast Guard,.Defense Intelligence
Agency, National Security Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, Commerce, Energy,
Justice, State, Treasury, Transportation, Federal Bureau of Investigation; National
Reconnaissance Office, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services
Administration, Defense Information Systems Agency/National Communications System,
Office of Personnel Management, Information Security Oversight Office, Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, NASA, Office of Management and Budget and other agencies
representatives as invited by the Security Policy Forum. The Chairman will be appointed
by the Security Policy Board Chairman.
The Security Policy Board and Forum may establish interagency working groups as
necessary to carry out their functions and ensure interagency input and coordination of
security policy, procedures and practices.
The existing Department of State Overs,eas Security Policy Group is hereby designated as,
and its functions transferred to, the Overseas Security Policy Board and directed to report
to the President through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The
Overseas Security Policy Board will be Chaired by the Director of the Diplomatic Security
~ervice and its membership will consist of representatives from the Department of State,
Agency for International Development,. CIA, Defense Intelligence Agency, FBI,
Commerce, Justice, Treasury, Transportation, National Security Agency, United States
Information Agency, Peace Corps, Federal Aviation Administration, Foreign Agricultural
Service and the DCI's Center for Security Evaluation, Office of Management and Budget,
NASA and Arms Control and DisarmamentAgenc.y.
The Overseas Security Policy Board will consider, develop, coordinate and promote.
policies, standards and- agreements on overseas .security-operations, programs and projects
which affect all U.S. Government agencies under the authority of a chief of mission
abroad.
The National Counterintelligence Policy Board established by PDD-24, the Security Policy
Board and the Overseas Security Policy Board will coordinate as necessary on policy
issues that may be of mutual concern and each Board will implement proceduresfor ~uch
coordination. Conflicts between these Boards that cannot be resolved will be referred to
the Principals Committee of the National Security Council. Th~'Chairman of these Boar(Is
wil1 meet at least on an annual basis to review policy coordination.
The Security Policy Board, Forum and any interagency working groups established by
these bodies will be supported by a Staff which wiil operate under th~ direction of the
Security Policy Board. This Staff will also provide administrative and personnel support
to the Security Policy Advisory Board which wiJ] operate independent of other Staff
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functions and personnel under the direction of the Chainnan of this Advisory Board. Staff
personnel will be provided or fundedlby the member agencies of the Security Policy
Board.
Implementation
I hereby direct the Chainnari of the Security Policy Board to convene the first meeting of this
Board within 30 days of his or her appointment. , The Chairman, with the assistance of all Security
Policy Board member agencies, will fully implement this directive and forward a report on
implementation to the Assistant to the Presid~nt for National Security Affairs by December 1,
, 1994. The Security Policy Board will detennine and report on the continued functioning or
disposition of all security related groups fOlTI1erly functionipg unqer the NAG/SCM structure
established under authority of its members. For those secunty entities established by Presidential
Directive, the Security Policy Board will make tecomm~ndations as to their relationship to the
. ~oard and their continued functions under this new policy structure. The Security Policy Board
will providt( an annual report to the 'President through the Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs on the implementation of our security policy principles identified by this directive.
PHOTOCOPY
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
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PDD-29 - Security Policy Coordination, 9/16/1994
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2010-1225-F-pdd-29-security-policy-coordination-september-16-1994
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0aba00a1e35e990787bc49aea6405344.pdf
c2cb8024f1bd3b3110b8cea064a1c5b6
PDF Text
Text
SEGRE+
SECRE'J:'
21101
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
CLINTON UBRARY PHOTOCOPY
September 21, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-30
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
U.S. PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE TO
THE UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS ;JF STAFF
DIRECTOR OF THE ARMS CONTROL AND
DISARMAMENT AGENCY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Nuclear Posture and Policy on Nuclear Arms
Control Beyond the START I and START II Treaties
e-s-t
This Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) establishes and
directs the implementation of U.S. nuclear posture and policy on
nuclear a : ms control beyond the START I and START II Treaties.
ts-1
Background
Nuclear posture.
In October, 1993, the Secretary of Defense
tasked a comprehensive review of the role of nuclear weapons in
U.S. national security strategy . This review examined strategic
and non-strategic forces; safety, security and use control;
infrastructure; command, control, communications and intelligence
and operations; and threat reduction and counterproliferation.
The conclusions of this review were briefed to me on September
16, 1994.
t€7
Arms control.
On May 21, 1993, Presidential Review Directive
(PRD)-34 tasked a comprehensive examination of U. S . policy on
SECRET
SEGRE+
DECL~SIFIED
IN PART
PER E. 0. 13526
�SEGRET
SECRET
2
nuclear arms control beyond the START I and START II Treaties,
focusing on four areas:
Whether t o seek further negotiated reductions in strategic
nuclear forces;
Whether to seek to resttucture Russian and U.S. strategic
nuclear forces at current or reduced levels;
Whether to seek operational and or confidence building
measures relating to strategic nuclear forces;
Whether to change U.S. policy regarding the role of nuclear
weapons in U.S. security strategy .
~
The Review was conducted by the Interagency Working Group (IWG)
on Arms Control and was reviewed by the Deputies Committee on
September 9, 1994.
~
U.S. Nuclear Posture
Role of nuclear weapons in U.S. security strategy.
Consistent
with the July, 1994 National Security Strategy Report (NSSR) and
the recommendations of the NPR, the United States will retain
strategic nuclear forces sufficient to deter any future hostile
foreign leadership with access to strategic nuclear forces from
acting against our vital interests and to convince it that
seeking a nuclear advantage would be futile . Therefore, we will
continue to maintain nuclear forces of sufficient size and
capability to hold at risk a broad range of assets valued by such
political and military leaders.
(U)
U.S . nucl J ar declaratory policy.
The U.S . will continue to
observe the U.S. nuclear declaratory policy that has been in
place since 1978 and make no changes beyond those previously
authorized (i.e., to reach agreement among the P-5 on a common
formula regarding negative secur i ty assurances and incorporate it
into a U.N . Security Council resolution) .
rs7
Strategic nuclear forces . I approve the Nuclear Posture Review's
(NPR) recommended strategic nuclear force posture as the U.S.
START II force . This force will maintain flexibility to
reconstitute or reduce further, and will include:
SSBNs:
14 SSBNs, all with D-5 missiles, located at two
bases (Kings Bay, Georgia and Bangor, Washington);
Bombers :
B-52s.
SECRET
20 B-2s, a non-nuclear role for the B-ls, and 66
SE:GRET
CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
�SCSRET
SECR6T
3
ICBMs:
Maintain two or three wings of Minuteman ICBMs
(500/450 or 350/300 missiles).
(-8-7
Non-strategic nuclear forces.
I approve the NPR's recommended
non-strategic nuclear force posture.
Under this force, the U. S.
will maintain USAF dual capable aircraft (DCA) at current
strength in CONUS and Europe.
I also approve the NPR's
recommendations to eliminate carrier and surface ship nuclear
weapons capability but to maintain the capability to deploy
TLAM/N on SSNs.
(-8-7
Safety, security and use control.
The U . S . will (a) equip all
U. S. nuclear weapons systems, including submarines, with coded
control devices or PAL by 1997, (b) upgrade coded control locking
devices on Minuteman III ICBMs and B-52 bombers and (c) increase
warhead safety without nuclear testing (B-53 replacement, W-62
retirement) .
(-8-7
Infrastructure.
I approve the NPR's recommendations to sustain
the ballistic missile industrial base by Minuteman III
sustainment and D-5 production and to sustain the reentry vehicle
and guidance system industrial base. The DOD will work with the
DOE to ensure effective implementation of Presidential Decision
Directive (PDD)-15 (November 3, 1993), "U . S. Policy on Stockpile
Stewardship Under an Extended Moratorium and a Comprehensive Test
Ban . u
(-8-7
Command, control, communications and intelligence and operations .
The DOD will . continue to make adjustments to post-Cold War alert
and operational requirements and will continue to support
programs for assured NCA survivability and continuity.
These
programs ~ ill include:
E.O. 13526 1.4 a E.O. 13526 1.4(f)
~
I
~--~
E.O. 13526, 1.4(a), E.O. 13526, 1.4(f)
Threat reduction and proliferation.
The DOD will continue to
support Nunn-Lugar programs to reduce the danger of unauthorized
or accidental use or diversion of weapons or materials from and
within the Former Soviet Union.
The DOD will also support the
counterproliferation initiative to provide conventional responses
to use of WMD in regional conflict.
(-8-7
U. S . Policy on Nuclear Arms Control Beyond the START I and START
II Treaties
During the first year and a half of the Administration, our focus
has appropriately been on delivering on the promise of START I
an d II . Presidential Decision Directive (PDD)-3 (March 24,
SECRET
SE:GR~
CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
�1993), "U.S. Policy on the Ratification and Implementation of
START I and START II and the Denuclearization of Ukraine, Belarus
and Kazakhstan," clearly states that ratification and
implementation of START I and II are priority objectives of U . S.
foreign, security and non-proliferation policy and that
acceleration of START I and II , is in the U.S. interest. ~
The Administration has been successful in achieving many of the
goals and objectives set out in PDD-3.
Ukraine, Belarus and
Kazakhstan have ratified START I and Belarus and Kazakhstan have
acceded to the NPT . All three states have concluded agreements
relating to the transfer of strategic nuclear weapons to Russia ,
and the implementation of these accords is underway.
While the
Ukrainian Rada has yet to ratify the NPT (thus blocking the entry
into force of START I and ratification of START II), we are
working diligently with the Ukrainian government to try and bring
this about by the Fall. ~
Goals for the September, 1994 U.S. - Russia Summit . As
recommended by the Deputies Committee, the U.S. should focus the
security segment of the upcoming U.S . - Russia summit on (a)
trying to reach agreement on new initiatives to improve the
security and safeguarding of nuclear warheads and fissile
materials and (b) encouraging the Russians to take reciprocal
steps in response to the unilateral changes and downsizing the
U . S . will make in its nuclear posture as a result of the NPR .
?1
Further steps.
Also as recommended by the Deputies Committee,
the u . s. should agree with Russia at the Summit to continue our
dialogue on Nfurther stepsu to adapt the strategic nuclear forces
of both sides to the changed international security environment
and the U. ~ . Russian strategic partnership.
These nfurther
stepsu would include (a) the possibility, at some future date,
that both countries will make a joint political commitment not to
exceed the low-end of the START II accountable weapons ceiling
(i.e . , 3,000 weapons) and (b) the possibility, after ratification
of the START II Treaty, of further reductions of, and limitations
on, strategic nuclear forces.
After the Summit, the IWG will
continue to study and analyze options for further reductions
pursuant to the approaches outlined in (a) and (b) above, taking
into account military geostrategic and arms control
considerations, with the aim of making recommendations to me
later this year.
~
Implementation
The NSC staff will coordinate the taskings identified in this
PDD .
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WJC HANDWRITING
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Dublin Core
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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1993-2001
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-30 - U.S. Nuclear Posture and Policy on Nuclear Arms Control Beyond the START I and START II Treaties, 9/21/1994
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9/21/1994
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD-30
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ee94a636b6d522339285cce3956622f1.pdf
50155b696e80f2da5c94af9cd2eb8b30
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F '
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a text\lal record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential , '
Library Staff.
,
I
Original OAIID Number:
4118
Document ID:
[PDD~36
u.s. Policy on Protecting Ocean Environment, April
5, 1995]
Stack:
Row:
v
43
' Section:
6
Shelf:
Position:
8
2
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
20234
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 5, 1995,
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-36
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC
CY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
CHAIR, COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
ted States Policy on Protecting the Ocean
ronment
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2
This
idential Decision Directive directs the implementation
of United States policy for protecting the ocean and coastal
environment and conserving living marine resources. Our policy
,reflects our country's important environmental, national security
and economic interests in sustainable management of ocean
resources.
It recognizes the need for~~tewardship of the mari~e
resources under our jurisdiction and
U.S. leadership in
promoting international cooperation to care for the high seas.
It
so recognizes the role the United States can play in ,
assisting other nations to manage sustainably the ocean, resour~es
within their jurisdiction. The policy shall be· implemented by
the Interagency Working Group on Global
ronmental
fairs
and,
particular, by its Oceans Sub-Group.
In addition,
Departments and agencies shall carry out this policy using
available budgetary resources.
The United States has
principal object
s in this area:
becoming a party to the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the
Sea, as modified
1994; ensuring sustainable management of
ocean fisheries; supporting integrated coastal resource
management and reducing marine and coastal pollution; promoting
the conservation of marine biodiversity, including whales and
other protected species; and conducting scientific research and
ocean monitoring both to support these obj
ives and to more
fully understand oceanic and atmospheric processes of global
impo ance.
to the Law of the Sea Convent
The Administration will continue to work toward Senate advice and
consent to the 1982 U.N. Law of the Sea Convention, as modi
in 1~94. This t
y, and the accompanying agreement on Part XI
of the Convention that was signed by the United States, was
transmitted to the Senate in October 1994. It provides a
comprehens
legal framework for the rights and responsibilities
of nations in the use of the oceans and the
resources and will
provide a legal basis for implementing the other policy
objectives set forth in this Directive. The Convention's major
provisions, including freedom of navigation and overflight,
protection of the marine
ronment and regimes
r management
of
sheries and other offshore resources, $erve important U.S.
economic and national security interests. The Administra~ion
will continue to pursue a concerted interagency strategy, as
appropriate, to obtain Senate advice and consent to accession
the Convention and to ratification of the agreement on Part XI of
the Convent
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Promot
3
Sustainable Fisheries
The United st es will show domestic and internat~onal leadership
on sustainable management of the world's fisheries.
Fish are
increasingly important as a food source for the world's rapidly
growing popul ion. Yet many fisheries are already exploited at
or beyond sustainable levels, and some have colI
ed
dramatically. C6astal states
the most respons
lity for
fisheries and coastal zone management, as 90 percent of the
world's fish catch takes place within their 200
Ie e~clusive
economic zones (EEZs). Major reforms are also needed in regional
organizat
responsible for
sheries conservation and
management on the high seas.
The United S
can lead by example in both settings.
The
Administration has already taken significant
to restore
depleted domestic fisheries and has concluded international
agreements to promote compliance with conservation measures
adopted by regional organizations. Building on
positive
steps, much more needs to be done, including an
ysis of
economic incentives such as individually transferable quotas, to
promote sustainable management.
The negotiations underway in the U.N. Conference on Straddling
Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks afford an important
opportunity to achieve broad re rms in international fisheries
management.
United States must maintain its strong
leadership role in those negotiations, seeking a legally-binding
international agreement setting
speci c measures to stem
the depletion of these valuable marine resources. The United
states will continue to seek to negotiate an agreement that
contains strong provisions on sustainable fisheries management,
including (1) a process for reforming existing regional fisheries
organizations (or creating new ones where none now
st); and,
(2) concrete enforcement provisions to ensure the ef
iveness
of ,conservation standards on the high seas against all vessels
that might engage in fishing pract
s that contravene those
standards. The agreement should include minimum standards for a
precautionary approach to establishing fishing rest
ions, for
conserving affected species and eco
terns and for ef
tive
monitoring.
It should provide for updating those standards as
new information about the affected species and affected
ecosystems is garnered. The agreement should also require
consistent management of stocks throughout their migration range
by both coastal states and regional organizations where fisheries
cross boundaries between EEZs and the
gh seas.
The United S
s needs to resolve differences with Canada over
the conservation, management and
r allocation of Paci c
salmon and will continue working with Canada to reach agreement
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4
on measures to protect salmon habitat and rebuild depleted stocks
and on equitable allocations
the harvest of healthy. salmon·
stocks. The United
ates must take a
rm position iri re,sponse
to any unilateral measures taken 'by Canada in this aie~ and act
swi ly to avoid escalation of tension~, ~ver thi~'sens ive·
issue.
"Ii.. ,:,
The United States will build on success
first steps,~chi~ved
in 1994 by seeking to further measures to co~se~ve Atlantic
bl uefin tuna and swordfish. Appropriate agencies, ~should'also
consider whether enforcement measures similar. ,to" ,tho.se provided
for under the International Convention for the Conservation of
Atlantic Tunas would be appropriate provisions, in other 'fisheries
agreements.
Finally, the United States will continue to'p~rsu~
negotiations under the auspices of the U.N. Food and Agriculture
Organization on the International Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fishing.
Complementing these efforts to conserve our own
sheries and
those on the high seas, the United States should assist other
coastal states, particularly developing nations, to better manage
the fisheries within the
EEZs. Relevant agencies should work
to help countries improve their scientific, management, and
enforcement capabilities related to fisheries and should
encourage multilateral institutions to provide focused and
coordinated programs to strengthen nat
management
capacities.
Supporting Integrated Coastal Resource Management and Reducing
Marine Pollution
The United States will promote in relevant fora'the development
and implementation of integrated coastal resource management by
coastal states to deal with marine degradation and"t6e
.
cons~rvation of marine biodiversity.
A signi 9anf 'contribution
to ocean pollution -- including sewage; municipal, indus
land
agriculture wastes and non-point' source pollution; sediments; and
airborne contaminants -- emanates from land-based human . ,
activities and affects the most productive areas of the marine
environment:
estuaries and near-shore coastal waters.
Pbllution
from vessels, including knowing and negligent spills of 'oil. and
other substances, poses additional serious threats.
Our strong
domestic programs to control pollution;~lace the United States ln
a pos ion to exercise international l,eadership in pursui't of
this objective, consistent with the U:S. national security
interest in fostering navigational fre~dom and immunity for
sovereign imune vessels and aircraft. , ."."'.
The United states will host in October-November 1995 an
intergovernmental conference on land-based sources of marine
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
5
pollution as a follow-up to the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development. The United S tes should take the
lead in obtaining consensus on an international program of
actions to assess, prevent and control such pollution anq its ,
sources and in seeking to mobilize resources to implement the
action program at the national and re~ional level by identifying
priorities
r multilateral and bilateral donors.
The United States will also participate actively
the
development of a legally-binding regional agreement to 'address
impacts of land-based activities upon the marine environment of
the wider Caribbean region.
Particular attention should be paid to the conservation and
sustainable management of coral reefs and mangrove and seagrass
systems. These complex ecosystems are
tal habitats for fish
and many other marine species and are threatened, in many parts
of the world, by marine pollution and other impacts of human
activities.
In this regard, the United states will continue its
leading role in the International Coral Reef Initiative to
promote
protection, restoration, sustainable use and
understanding of coral reefs and related ecosystems as part of
integrated coastal zone management and marine biodiversity.
The United States will continue to take the lead within the
International Maritime Organization to promote actions to prevent
pollution from vessels.
Pr
ties include improving vessel
construction and safety standards and promoting navigational
safety and protection of the marine environment by implementing
measures to ensure compliance with generally accepted
internat.ional regulations; curbing.spread of aquatic and marine
nuisance'species through ships' ballast waters;
sing maritime
personnel training and certi cation standards; promoting
insurance requirements; and reducing air pollution from ship
ope
ions.
The United States will effectively implement existing agreements,
including the new limitations on ocean dumping negotiated in 1993
under
1972 London Convention and will continue to press
Russia to accept the Convention's prohibition on disposal of lowlevel radioactive wastes and encourage non-p
ies to
London
Convention to become parties.
Promot
the Conservation of Whales and Other Protected
es
The Administration also is committed to promoting the
conservation of whales and other protected species, based on our
policy of sustainable management, and consistent with U.S.
navigational interests. The United States will continue to
express its opposition to commercial whaling at this time and
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR,OFFICIAL USE ONLY
6
continue to support the recently-created whale sanctuary in the
Southern Ocean. At the same time, the United States will remain
committed to science-based international solutions to g.lobal
conservation~roblem~.
Accordingly, within. the Internat~onal
Whaling Commission (IXJC) the United states' will suppor.:t
continuation of the I'Wt's moratorium on commercial whaling, until
all aspects of the IWC's Revis~d ~~nagement Scheme are.iri place.
The United States will work to assure that the IWC's assessment
methodologies are scientifically sound and resal ve uncertainties'
in a pr~cautionary manner. This is essent~alto enshr~ that. any
countr:ies that engage in whaling. do so under scientifical'ly"
credible limits th~t do not pose danger of extinctiori ..
.
,
"
,
-,
I
The United states will work with other countries to develdp an.,
ecologic~ilysound approach to the protection of dodphinsin tuna
fish~rias.
The United States will als~work with'othei countries·
to protect and resto~e endangered sea turtles. Efforts ~hould be
made to recognize positive steps by other countries,inciuding.. by
reviewing' trade embargoes now. in place and by explnr.ing w-ii th .
Congress leg,i ative options that would provide for ,Presidential
discietion i~ this area while affording·eff~ct~vel~verag~to .
encourage con,servation efforts by other countries ...
StipportiDg Critical Scientific Research
..:
.'
--
,
~
The Uhi ted states recognizes that an unde:t~tanding o:[·.,the'
changingocf,!aIl an¢. coastal environment i'sessential in order to
mcmage' oCEcar:: :u~;:;ources in a, su~tainable ma,nner. Rele.vant U. S.
agencies ~hould Bngage ,in ocean monitoring and ,support
appropr'late'research on fisher
and marine biodiversity, ,as
'well as ou'"the marine physjca) system and ;ocean-atmospher:e
relationships:tmportant to understanding clima . change.· The
United'States will, tQntinue to cooperate with other~c6~ntries~nd
international '1?ociies in S\fPport of the Global Ocean;Obser'i,ring
System.
The United States will continue to) vigorously promote:;, (a)
consistent cmd' equitable. implementation by nations of·, the,
provisions 6f theU~N. La~ of the Sea Convention on. mari~e
scientific repearch to ensure maXimlhtlaCCeSs to oceanographic
data vit
to ~anaging o~ean resources, as well as for
'.
understanding global change;, and, (b) international acceptance of
, the principle 'or ,full and open access to oceanographic and
meteorological ,data.
'
,
FOR OFFI
USE ONLY
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993-2001
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-36 - U.S. Policy on Protecting Ocean Environment, 4/5/1995
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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2010-1225-F-pdd-36-us-policy-on-protecting-ocean-environment-april-5-1995
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/74a9bae28eef3a2bad83049105d4ab2a.pdf
5c9ead37b547e6eeddda8be279c54818
PDF Text
Text
�����������������
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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PDD-39 - U.S . Policy on Counterterrorism, 6/21/1995
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD-39
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/12ef01050f4e8ca6fa69ac133af51a09.pdf
a06c220d3e18a4aec16bbe481b357826
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Case Number: 2010-122S-F
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MARKER·
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.,
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4119
Document ID:
[PDD-42 International Organized Crime, October 21, 1995]
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Position:
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43.
6
9
1
�21210
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 21, 1995
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE NSC-42
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES
TO THE UNITED NATIONS
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ADMINISTRATOR, DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
SUBJECT;
International Organized Crime
Introduction
The growth in international communications and
ion has
resulted in "many benefits.
It has brought the
together. Un rtunatelYi it has also facilitated cr
elements so that they no longer threaten just their own country
or region.
scale and extent of internati
organized
I
ties has become complex, global and t
atening.
Criminal ente
ses now move large sums through t
inte
ional financial system that dwarf
gross national
products of some nations. They buy and sell narcotics, migrants,
currencies,
ear material, arms, assass
and government
officials.
yignore borders, except when buying safe haven
behind them. Their actions increase
olence
our own country,
rob our nat
of its wealth and result in
ath of our
citizens.
Their corros
activities threaten all
s, including
our own.
International organized criminal
ises,
therefore, are not only a law enforcement problem, they are a
threat
national security_
�(
2
Acting, there
,consistent wi
my constitutional obligations,
I hereby direct an enhanced and integrated
government
response to international organiz
crime as a matter of great
priority.
agencies of
pr
rnment shall:
produce
ater results
ity and resources devoted to
this area by increasing the
s effort;
achieve increased effectiveness and synergy by improving
coordination among agencies and across the types of international
criminal activi
assist and work more closely with other governments to
create a global response to this
t and to el
e
sanctuaries; and
avail
crime.
use creat
ly and aggress
ly all of the le 1 means
le to this government to combat international organized
This Administration
already been active in addressing the
components of this phenomenon. Previous Presidenti
Decision
Dire
on the individual aspects of international organized
crime remain in ef
PDD-9 on Alien Smuggling;
PDD-14 on International Narcot
PDD-39 on Combat
s;
Terrorism, and
PDD-41 on Nuclear Materials Sa
y and Security.
This directive supplements those earlier
tructions and
provi s guidance for
egrating our response to internationa1
organiz
crime.
While recognizing
tion to others,
ultimate purpose
of this
rective is to
ect the welfare, safety and security
of the United States and its citizens.
cans have long
the ta
s of violence and attacks on foreign soil. But one of
the new dimensions of international crime is that the surro
es
of those criminals, who 1
in safe .havens
yond our borders,
are increasingly carrying out killings and 0
r violent acts on
American soil.
For these reasons; cur government must view
internat
crime as a s
ess conl:inuum,
the criminal
�3
barons shel
overseas to the
deliver to our streets.
olence
destruction they
Going After Their Money
primary motivation of those engaged in international
organized
is fina~cial gain. Much of the problem posed
their activity stems from the corrosive ef ct on markets and
governments of
ir large illicit
While we must continue vigorously to disrupt the enterprises
which produce these
, we will now
ly increase our
ef
s in going after
ir money and
assets
rectly.
International organized criminal barons must not be allowed to
enjoy
riches
y have robbed from fragile democracies and
even from the poor
young of our own country.
I, therefore
rect f
actions with immediate ef
First,
ing under extant legal authorities and a new
Execut
Order,
Attorney General and Secretary of
Treasury
1 identify individuals pr
ipally responsible for
activities of, enterprises effectively owned or operated by,
and individuals and enterprises acting on behalf of significant
foreign narcotics traffickers
in Colombia and block
their assets in
s count
and in U.S. banks overseas;
Second,
Secret
of the Treasury
1 prohibit any
U.S. person from engaging in financial transactions or trade with
those identi ed individuals or enterprises;
Third, the Secretary of the Treasury, after consulting
wi th
Secretary of State and the Attorney General,·
11
identify
most egregious overseas sanctuaries
rill
lly
ained wealth and undertake to open promptly negotiations to
end safe haven status.
If the Secretary
s that
negotiations are not proceeding successfully, I will take
approp ate act
, which may include severe economic san~tions
including denying-continued access to the American financial
system.
Fourth, the Secretary of State and the Attorney General
may
so take appropriate .measures, including, as necessa'ry,
denying visas to a broad .range of
zed
members p
transnational criminals .and related family members and "deny
them entry into
United States.
Fifth, I direct that
shall be ongo
and expanded as
first and second actions above
evidence may warrant.
�4
Therefore, as appropriate the Attorney General and the Secretary
of the'Treasury, shall when the
dence warrants, designate
additional major international criminal organizations.
To the
extent that such idehtifi
ion goes beyond significant foreign
narcotics traffic
cente
in Colombia, further authority
should be sought from me in
to take such actions.
No nation alone can effect
ly battle these supra-national
criminal cartels. They seek as sanctuaries and as targets those
nations whose laws or enforcement make them most vu
able.
To
counter these forces
United States must cooperate with,
assist and encourage other nations to join in a unifi
effort.
Toward that end,
I direct two initiatives:
Working with
Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney
General, The Secretary of State shall negoti e with 0
r
governments a Universal
aration on Citizens' Security, in
which nations wou
pledge
r mutual cooperation in efforts to
combat terro sm, narcotics, money laundering, alien smuggl
arms smuggling, trading in weapons of mass destruction,
counterfeiting and major financial fraud.
The Declaration should
lead
specific bilateral and multilateral arrangements in these
areas; and
.
The Attorney General, the Secretary of State and. the Secretary of
the Treasury
1, in consultation with other concerned
principals, develop a draft International Crime bill
r
presentation to the next session of Congress. The bill should
strengthen the ability of the Federal government to collect
eviden~e on and to
ecute those engaged in the various a
s
of internat
organized crime. The bill should also authorize
increased U.S.-provided training
assistance to friendly
governments and additional sanctions authority against those
governments which cooperate with or provide sanctuary for'
international organized crime.
The Deputies Committee shall review reports of the Special
Coordination Group on the implementation of this PDD at least
quarterly during the'next year.
�5
The Assistant to the President for National Secririty Affairs
shall report to me on behalf of the Principals Committee on
issues and progress in this area
six months and aga
one year
from today.
PHOTOCOPY·
WJC"HANDWRmNG
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Title
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PDD-42 - International Organized Crime, 10/21/1995
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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10/21/1995
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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2010-1225-F-pdd-42-international-organized-crime-october-21-1995
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/e3207023a82bd26853bb6978249b3765.pdf
0e97d4139ab65f979960ed9ce1970345
PDF Text
Text
����������
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-47 - Nuclear Scientific and Technical Cooperation with RU.S.sia Related to Stockpile Safety and Security and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, CTBT Monitoring and Verification, 3/4/1996
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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3/4/1996
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD-47
7585718
Declassified
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
Russia
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/763b8873ae9012a009759ff6ef283749.pdf
5385ff43107559075b8529a64ce16c39
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER·
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential·
Library Staff.
,
Original OA/ID Number:
4119
.
Document ID:
,
[PDD-:A8 Antipersonnel Landmines (APL), June 26, 1996]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf: .
Position:
v
43
6
9
1
�OFFICIAL USE
ONLY
20468
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 26, 1996
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTlVE/NSC-48
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UNI~ED NATIONS
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
DIRECTOR OF THE ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
SUBJECT:
Anti-Personnel Landmines (APL)
This Presidential Decision Directive establishes and directs the
implementation of U.S. policy on anti-personnel landmines (APL).
Background
This policy was developed in response to the growing threat posed
by the indiscriminate use of anti-personnel landmines. Thousands
of people each year are maimed or killed by these weapons, most
of them civilians.
Increasingly, APL pose a threat as well to
U.S. military forces and non-military personnel, where they are
engaged in peacekeeping operations. The policy
been
established pursuant to a Principals' level review, which
included a thorough study of U.S. military requirements conducted
by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, with the involvement of the
Services and the Combatant Commands. The policy s
forth a
concrete path to a global ban on APL, but ensures that as the
United States pursues this ban, essential U.S. military
requirements and commitments to our allies will b~ protected.
OfFICIAL USE
ONLY
�2
OfFICIAL USE
ONLY
Elements
• The United states will aggressively pursue an international
agreement to ban the use, stockpiling, production and transfer
of antipersonnel landmines (APL} with a view to completing the
negotiation as soon as possible. The United states should
seek to initiate such negotiations as soon as feasible.
• The United states views the security situation on the Korean
Peninsula as a unique case and in the negotiation of this
agreement ,will protect our right to use APL there until
alternatives become available or the risk of aggression has
been removed.
• Effective immediately, the United States will unilaterally
undertake not to use and to place in inactive stockpile status
with intent to demilitarize by the end of 1999,
1 non-self
destructing APL not needed for (a} training personnel engaged
in demining and countermining operations, and (b} to defend
the United states and its allies fro~ armed aggression across
the Korean demilitarized zone.
• Between now and the time an international agreement takes
effect" the United States will reserve the option to use self
destructing/self-deactivating APL, subject to the restrictions
the United States has accepted in the Convention on
Conventional Weapons, in military hostilities to safeguard
American lives and hasten the end of fighting.
• The Secretary of Defense is directed to undertake a program of
research, procurement and other measures needed to eliminate
the requirement for these exceptions and to permit both the
United States and its allies to end reliance on APL as soon as
possible.
• Beginning in 1999, the Chairman of the Joint Chie
of st f
will submit an annual report to the Secretary of Defense and
the President outlining his assessment of whether there
remains a military requirement for the exceptions noteq above.
In consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will include in his report the
status of the search for alternatives to APL, as defined
immediately above.
• The Department of Defense will undertake a sUbstantial program
to develop improved mine detection and clearing technology and
to share this improved technology with the broader
OFFICIAL USE
ONLY
�3
OFFICIAL USE
ONLY
international community. The Departme,nt will consult with
other appropriate agencies in order to include those agencies'
relevant research activities in developing this program. The
Department of Defense will also significantly expand its'
humanitarian demiining program to train and assist other
countries in developing effective demining programs .
• The chairmen of the Arms Control Interagency Working ,Group and
the Landmine Control and Demining Interagency Working Group
will, by July ,19, 1996, prepare an analysis for review by
Principals of options for the best venu.e ,for conducting
negotiations to achieve ,a world-wid~ ban on use, stockpiling,
production and transfer of antipersonnel landmines, as set
forth in this PDD. Once a venue is selected by Princip~ls,
the Secretary of State is, directed to develop,. for interagency
review and approval, and then to exedutea diplomatic gameplan
for gaining international supp6rt for conducting negotiations
in, this venue.
; ;
OFFICIAL USE
,
ONLY'
PHOTOCOPY,
WJC HANDWRITING
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PDD-48 - Anti-Personnel Landmines, APL, 6/26/1996
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/26/1996
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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2010-1225-F-pdd-48-antipersonnel-landmines-apl-june-26-1996
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/59f570f6948c70bc567febcc66dc98d6.pdf
795d9312d5c1b316dee20c353c5c96cb
PDF Text
Text
20858
THE WHITE
HOUSE
WASH I NGTON
October
PRESIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
DECISION
12,
DIRECTIVE/NSC
1996
-50
FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
U.S. PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UNITED
NATIONS
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
DIRECTOR OF THE ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT
AGENCY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
Commercial Communications Satellites
Engine Hot-Section Technology
and Jet-
The export of the commercial communications satellites and of the
hot section technologies for the development, production and
overhaul of commercial aircraft engines, transferred from the
United States Munitions List to the Commerce Control List
pursuant to regulations issued by the Departments of Commerce and
State after the effective date of this directive, involve
significant national security and foreign policy issues.
The
export of such items has serious potential to harm U.S. national
security and foreign policy interests.
Consequently, I have
determined that the exports of such products must be controlled
and restricted even where comparable products are or appear to be
available from sources outside the United States.
Accordingly, under the powers vested in me by the Constitution
and the laws of the United States, I direct that:
�2
The Secretary of Commer~e shall maintain controls on the export
of the commercial communication satellites and of the hot-section
technologies for the development, production and overhaul of
commercial aircraft engines, transferred from the United States
Munitions List to the Commerce Control List pursuant to
regulations issued by the Departments of Commerce and State after
the effective date of this directive, and shall not be required
to issue licenses in particular cases or to remove controls on
such items based on foreign availability factors contained in
sections 4(c) and 6(h) (2)-(4) of the Export Administration Act of
1979, as amended (50 U.S.C.
App. 2403(c) and 2405(h) (2)-(4)) and
continued in effect by Executive Order No. 12924 of August 19,
1994, and by Notices of August 15, 1995, and August 14, 1996, all
other analogous provisions relating to foreign availability and
the regulations relating thereto.
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-50 - Commercial Communications Satellites and Jet-Engine Hot-Section Technology, 10/12/1996
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National Security Council
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10/12/1996
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PDD50
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/82e12fe91830783717fc6af5a8d76c73.pdf
c1379bcde345103d5092dd80bd168d75
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
r
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential, '
Library Staff.
,
-
Original OAIID Number:
4119
:
D10cument ID:
[PDD-53 Amendment to Organization of National Security
Council, January 9, 1997]
"
Stack:
v
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
43
6
9
1
�20004
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASH INGTON
,I
January 9, 19:97
i
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-53
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE "
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF Cm1MERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF· ENERGY',
PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF 'THE UNITED STATES
TO THE UNITED NATIONS
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE CHAIRMAN, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS'
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL
, POLICY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC
POLICY
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR,
O'FFICE OF SCIENCE AND, TECHNOLOGY POLICY'
THE ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
'DEVELOPMENT
THE DIRECTOR, ARMS CONTROL AND DISbRMAMENT .
AGENCY
THE 'DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
SUBJECT:
Amendment to the Organization of the ,National
Security Council
I hereby' direct that the National Security Council system, as
described by Pre~idential Decision Direcfive/NSC-2, dated January
20, 1993, and amenQ.ed byPDD/NSC-45, dated March 1, 1996, ,and
PDD/NSC...,51 , dated October 12, 1996, be amended as follows:'
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWAITfNG
�,
2
,
In addition to the members described in section B of PDD-2, the
NSC/PC shall have as a member the Assistant to the Vice President
for National Security Affairs.
Except as amended by this directive, all other portions of
PDD/NSC-2 remain in effect.
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Paper
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PDD-53 - Amendment to Organization of National Security Council, 1/9/1997
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1/9/1997
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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2010-1225-F-pdd-53-amendment-to-organization-of-national-security-council-january-9-1997
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0d5d4129e3db34fbb01c8838067f0584.pdf
9d8726811a646d696967f73924e3f940
PDF Text
Text
I
I
Clinton PresidentialI Records
Mandatory Declassification Review
.
.
I
.
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Pre~idential Library Staff.
1
The document from this Mandatory DeJlassification Review was
released in part[
. I
I
I
The document released with redactions has been restricted under
I
Sections 1.4 (c) and (g) ofE.O. 13526.
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8EeREZT
20365
I
I
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON f
I
Ma¥ 22, 1998
PRES.IDENTIAL DEC IS ION DIRECTIVE/NSC:-62
Declassified Under the
Authority of the Interagency
Security Classification Appeals Panel,
.E.O. 13526, section 5.3 (b) (3)
ISCAP Appeal No. 2013-003, No. 1
Declassification Date: Match 18, 2014
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
I
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
I
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE. OF MAN~GEMENT AND BUDGET
.
I
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
I
·DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
.
.
I
.
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
t
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY'
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES jiNFORMATION AGENCY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
I
DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE
I
SUBJECT:
Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the
Homeland and Americans Overs·~as (U}
In 1995, I reaffirmed and elaborated udited States counterterrorism pol y in PDD-39. That polidy directive rem~ins
valid. (U}
Because of our military superiority, potential enemies, be they
nations, terrorist groups, or ~riminal jorganizationsj are
increasingly likely to attack us in unGonventional ways.
.
Adversaries will be tempted to exploit/vulnerabilities in our
critical infrastructure, impede continuity of government
operations, use weapons of. mass
struJtion against civilians in
our cities, disrupt our transportati~njsystems, attack us when
we gather as a conununity at special events, and prey on our
1
citizens overseas. (U)
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As this c
ter of threats matures in the coming century, I am
determined that we will be prepared to ~eter them, prevent them,
or, if necessary, limit the damage theyJcan inflict. Success
requires that we recognize t_he common nfl.ture of these threats,
the need for an integrated ~esponse, an~, in the case of
critical infrastructure protection, the importance of a publicprivate partnership. (U)
Successes and Remaining Challenges (U)
1
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Current policy has led to substantial shccess:
an increased rate of renditionsl apprehensions and
I
convictions of terrorists;
f
.
-- a significant expansion of counterterron.sm legislative
authorities;
I
-~ a large increase in counterterrbrism funding with
consequent improvement in capabilities kt FAA, FBI, and CIA;
·
·.
I
·
·1
·
··
-- 1mpor t an t progress 1n coun t er t error1sm p ann1ng,
particularly in the areas of consequenc~ management (FEMA, EPA
and PHS) and WMD preparedness;.
-- elevating the place of terrorism as an important item on
the diplomatic agenda~ especially as it! affects other countries'·
relations with Iran, Libya, and Sudan; I
.
I
.
improved anti-terrorism force protection within DOD;
I
.
expansion of assistance to~ andicooperation with, other
democracies threatened by terrorism, including Israel; and
-- routinizing the management of clunterterrorism through
PDD-39 and the creation of a professionkl, trained and
coordinated interagency cadre. (U)
I
Yet the threats posed by potential adveksaries in the twentyfirst century are changing, in nature afd scope:
-- States and state-sponsored groups, knowing that they
cannot defeat us in a conventional mili~ary confrontation, may
seek to engage in asymmetrical assaults! on our vulnerabiliti-es
at home and abroad through terrorism, u~e of weapons of mass
destruction and cyber warfare.
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~em6nstrated
-- The attack on the Tokyo subway
that
terrorists seek and have used weapons o~ mass destruction
(chemical, biological, or radio-logical ~evices) to increase the
destructiveness of their act,s.
j
·
-- Civil defense and continuity of[ gove~nment programs
developed during the Cold War have been! largely dismantled
or downsized.
Few American cities are·prepared to deal with an
incident involving weapons of mass destruction, or even largescale conventional attacks such as the World Trade Center or
Oklahoma City bombings.
1
-- Advances in encryption technology threaten the ability
of law enforcement agencies to detect ~bd prevent terrorist
I
acts.
I
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-- our critical infrastructure is becoming more reliant
I
upon information and computer-based technologies that are
vulnerable to covert. attack by terroris~s ot other hostile
groups. (U)
Meanwhile, the bombings of U.S. militar1y facilities in Saudi
Arabia and the murders in Karachi remin1d us that Americans
.
I
remain the target of capable terrorists; and signal the urgent
need to reduce our vulnerabilities to s uch "tiaditional"
1
threats. (U)
Program Objectives and Responsibilities (U)
To address these chan~es in the contin~ing danger from
unconventional"threats, I hereby dir~c~ an integrated program to
increase our effectiveness in counteri~g these threats and to
prepare to manage the consequences 6f ~ttacks against U.S.
citizens or infrastructur~. All of th~se progra~s will be
carried out in full compliance with app1licable law and existing
procedures governing the activities of the agencies
involved. (U)
.
Lead Agencies responsibie for programs supporting our security
and counter-terrorism policy should designate a .senior Program
.
I
Coordinator who will be responsible fo~ coordinating these
programs within the U.S. Government, add identifying goals and
milestones. (U)
Apprehension, Extradition, Rendit,'i'on and Prosecution:
Foreign terrorists who violate U.S. la~s will be apprehended-and
tried, no matter where they hide and nd matter how long it
1.
SECRE'f
�!
takes. The Justice Department is the lead agency for this
program. In pursuing extradition and tendition, the Justice
Department will act in coordination wi~h the State
Department. (U)
I
-- Other departments will make asJistance to these Justice
Department efforts a top priority and Jill budget and structure
priorities accordingly. The Intelligedce Community will
maintain collection and capabilities td support ·apprehensions.
The Defense Department will, if requested, provide
nonreimbursable transportation in suppdrt of renditions to the
extent permitted by law. The State De~artment will ensure that
at the top of our bilateral agenda witn other governments,
especially those that harboF terrorist~, is action against those
that threaten or have attacked U.S. interests and cooperation on
apprehension, prosecution, extradi tion 1 1 or rendition. ~
I
-- The Justice Department will idJntify the highest
priority pending foreign terrorist apprlehensions and the FBI
in coordination with CIA and the State Department will develop
plans for their rendition. ~
1
1
wh~
2.
ion: Foreign terrorists
pose a credible threat
to
Pn ted States and its citizens will be subject to
preemption and disruption abroad, consilstent with U.s. laws.
I
CIA is the lead agency for this progra~. ~
-- Disruption program plans and sp;ecific actions will be
developed and coordinated for interagenpy approval in accordance
with existing procedures.~
1
-- Other departments with relevant\ capabilities (such as
Treasury on financirtg) will contribute expertise and assets to
this program. ~
3. International Cooperation: The goa[ of zero tolerance for
international terrorism will guide bilateral and multilateral
efforts to elimihate sa~ctuaries, penal~ze
s that sponsor
terrorism, and assist friendly states v~ctimized .by terrorism.
The State Department is the lead agency[ for this program, which
will combine the following elements:
1
I
I
-- Support for e
s to obtain the extradition or other
rendition of indicted terrorists. Al) ~rograms and activities
conducted abroad will be implemented inj full compliance with
existing Chief of Mission authorities. ,
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-- Adoption and implementation of fhe eleven major
international conventions on t~rrorism rill be a major foreign
policy priority.~·
I
.
The State Department shall be responsible for coordinating with
relevant agencies all assistance relate~ to international
terrorism. The State Department shall klso maintain, in
I
coordination with the Interagency Intelligence Committee on
Terrorism (IICT) and the Office 6f Scie~ce and Technology Policy·
through the National Science and Technology Council, a robust
international research, development, an~ procurement effort for
counter..:.terrorism technologies. ~
I
.· · . .
Terrori~t
4. Prevertting
Acquisition ofj Weapons of Mass
Destruction: To reflect the importance! of efforts to prevent
terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction (WMD), I
reiterate PODs 39 and 41, which require~
-- The U.S. Government will work through interagency
efforts with other nations to reduce orl eliminate WMD; to
safeguard such weapons, their components, and precursors; to
prevent further WMD proliferation and tb ensure that such
weapons, their components and k.ey precutsors, do not come into
the possession of terrorists. We will kaintain a robust
capability to respond to crisis situatibns involving the threat
or use of WMD by terrorists. With NSC boordination, State, DOD,
.
I
DOE, Treasury, Commerce, HHS, FBI, and ~IA will continue to
direct components of this overall effort and to provide the
necessary programmatic support. I reit~rate the importance of
ensuring support to HHS and DOJ and othkr agencies, to implement
.
I
and enforce safeguards and procedures to assure that se 1 ect
infectious agents and to~ins are acquir~d, stored, transferred,
or used only for legitimate scientific purposes and not for
other non-approved purposes nor by terrprists as WMD. ~
I
I
5. Consequence Management for T~rrorist Incidents: If, despite
our efforts, a terrorist incident occurs in the United States,
the Federal Government will respond rapkdly, working with stite
and local governments, to restore order!
deliver emergency
assistance. The Department of Justice, acting through the FBI,
will be the lead agency for operational! response to a weapon. of
mass destruction incident. FEMA is responsible .for preparing ·
for or responding to the consequences 9:f a WMD incident, w.ith
participation by PHS· (health/medical l, EPA (hazmat/
·
environmental) and DOE (radiological), ~s necessary. When the
Attorney General, acting on the advice bf the Director, FBI, and
BECRE'l?
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in coordination with the Director, FEMAI, determines that the
incident or threat of an incident has s~bsided, _lead agency
responsibility may be transferred to FEMA. (U)
I
For consequence management of terroristj.incidents outside of the
United States, initial . U.S. efforts will. be coordinated. through
.
.
I
.
.
.
the Foreign Emergency Support Team (FES!T) · led by the State
·
Department, and with its Consequence Mapagement Response Team
(CMR T ) . (u)
I
.
Our domestic goal is to build a capability in 120 major cities ·
for first responders to be able to deal! with incidents involving
weapons of mass destruction by 2002. Toward th~t end, several
departments will participate in a coord~rrated program in
.
conjunction with local and state respon;se authorities. 'K:..l
-- DOD, in coordination with -the nbJ/FBI, FEMA, PHS, DOE,
and EPA, will provide training to metrobolitan emergency
responders and will maintain military upits (active and reserve
components) to serve as augmentation fo:rces for weapons of mass
destruction consequence management and ~o help maintain
proficiency of local emergency respondeil:"s through training. "t'Sl.
I
-- DOE will plan for and provide etnergency responder
training for nuclear, radiological incil:ients; EPA will plan for
and provide emergency responder traininb for hazardous materials
and
e::i:::m::::~ ::::d::t:~e:ad agel to plan and to prepare
for a national response to medical emerbencies arising from the
terrorist use of weapons of mc:1ss destrul:tion. HHS, with the
support of other Federal agencies, willj provide enhanced local
response capabilities through the develppment of Metropolitan
Medical Strike Teams· systElJ:fi.s; will deve~op and maintain the
National Disaster· Medical System (NDMS) 1, including the National
Medical Response Teams; will w_ork with bon to ensure
deployability of NDMS response teams, shpplies and equipment;
I ...
and, ~orking with the Department 9f Veterans
rs 1 ensure
adequate stockpiles of antidote and othbr necessary
pharmaceuticals nationwide and the traihing of medical personnel
in NDMS hospitals. (U)
I
DOJ, in coordination with DOD, FEMA, EPA, and DOE, ·will
provide personal protective equipmenh~· • ~etection and diagnostic
.
I
instruments, on a selective basis, to State and local law
en-forcement agencies. ~
I
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Coordination of this overall effort will be effected through an
interagency WMD Protection Group. (U) 1
I
6. Transportation Securi tz,i. I accepteld and expect the full
implementation of the recommendations elf the White House.
Commission on Aviation Safety and Secur1i ty, The Department of
Transportation is the lead agency for t1his program. (U)
-- Funding for the timely implemenltation of the White House
Commission on Aviation Safety and Securlity recommendations will
be reflected in Administration budget r 1equests. (U)
I
-- As technology advances and the ~hreat evolves, DOT will
ensure that our technologies and proced;ures keep pace. Toward
that end, the DOT will coordinate, in cboperation with NSTC, an
interagency research and development prbgram on transportation
security. With respect to aviation secrrity, DOT will
periodically review whether additional measures beyond those in
the Commission Report are required. Asj a first step,. the FAA
will develop and implement a more rigoreus system for air cargo
inspection, to include use of private v~ri cation and
inspection firms. Parallel measures wi~l be researched,
developed, and deployed to improve the 1
security of ground and
maritime transportation. ~
I
I
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-- In addition, the Department of fransportation is
responsible for dissemination of aviatifn security information,
in coordination with State, as appropriate. (UJ
7. Protection of Critical Infrastructulre and Cyber Systems:
We will ciinimize the risk from attacks bn our critical
infrastructure and cyber systems, whethbr the attackers are
nations, groups, or individu~l~. We wi~l also be prepared to
deal with the consequence§ of such atta~ks. (U)
I
1
There
, having reviewed the recommen ctations of the
presidential Commission on Crit
1 Inf1rastructure Protection,
I am issuing a complementary dir.ecti ve bn our· policy toward
protection of our critical infrastructu~re. (U)
8. Continuity of Government OperationJ Attacks by nation_s or
groups will not be permitted to disruptj the functioning o'f
either the constitutionally mandated functions of the Federal
Government/ nor the operation of its .~,c.rli tical components. ~
. I
I
-- As outlined in Executive Order 112656, every department
and agency will be able to rapidly and ~ffectively transition
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from routine operation to emergency operations of vital
functions followina an attack that inckpacitates its
headquarters, key facilities, or leadetship. (U)
.
I
-- In particular, agen~ies will e~sure that key couNter'""
terrorism staff can operate in .low to mid-level WMD
contingencies by proviqingprotective ~quipment and
transportation to a rapidly accessiblejrelocation site. ~
-- The National Security Advisor Will submit for my review
and approval a draft of an updated andj comprehensive ·
·
Presidential Decision Directive on End~ring Constitutional
Government that takes into account the\terrorist and .
unconventional threats, and requires continuity of operations
capabilities by all departcients and ag~ncies as a foundation for
continuity of government for the futur~. ~·
I
9. Countering the Foreign Terrorist T~reat in the U.S.:
Foreign terrorists will not be allowedlto enter the United
States and the full force of legal aut~orities will beused to
remove foreign terrorists from the U.S~ and to prevent
fundraising within the u.s. to support [foreign terrorists. The
Justice Department will be the lead agency for this program.~
applican~s
-- Visa
that pose a tejrorist threat will be
identified and denied entry into the udited States. The State
Department, Justice Department (FBI and INS), and CIA will
ensure that information about such per~ons, 'including their
aliases, is collected and disseminated lin a timely manner to
deny them entry into the United States.; ~
·
I
.
I
.
-- The State Department will work jclosely with other
governments to adopt and implement standards for travel
..
documentation. Such documents should ~e computer readable,
tamper resistant/ and difficult to counterfeit. ~
-- Justice (INS and FBI) and State! will develop a strategy,
to be implemented by DOJ (INS and FB~) ,j to limit the duration of
stay of students from terrorism list co untries, to track ..them
1
while they are in the U.S. and to know rhen they depart. In
addition, State and DOJ, together with 1
the Commerce Department
and Defense Department, will determine how best.to prevent
foreign students whose studies are spon~ored by terrorist -.list
countries from acquiring WMD-related .knowledge in the United
, I
States. ~
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-- Justice will ensure that, in accordance with PDD-9,
alien smuggling rings are disrupted and disbanded, and will, in
particular, thwart attempts to smuggle potential terrorists into
the United States. ~
-- Justice, using removal procedures, including the Alien
Terrorist Removal Court, will seek to swiftly remove alien
terrorists from the United states and will detain them awaiting
removal proceedings. The Administration will again seek
legislation clarifying the definition of ~engaging in terrorist
activity" to better facilitate exclusion and removal of alien
terrorists under the immigration laws. ~
-- The Secretary of State, in consultation with the
Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury, will designate
foreign terrorist organizations that are prohibited by law from
raising funds in the United States. In addition Justice and
Treasur will work to revent such activities.
--.. E.O. 13526, 1.4(c)
-- The DCI will work to support the Secretary of the
Treasury in developing usable information for the designation by
Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General and
Secretary of State, of entities and individuals of foreign
terrorist organizations that are located in foreign
jurisdictions, particularly in those countries that are not
state sponsors of terrorism. (U)
10. Protection of Americans Overseas: The first duty of
government is the protection of its citizens. That duty extends
to Americans abroad, whether they are traveling in an official
or private capacity. (U)
-- The State Department, through its chiefs of mission,
will be responsible for ensuring the security of personnel
associated with diplomatic and consular posts abroad, inc-luding
DOD personnel subject to the force protection responsibilities
of the chiefs of mission pursuant to the DOD/State Universal
MOU, and for programs to preserve the safety of private U.S.
citizens abroad. U.S. citizens should be adequately warned of
the danger of terrorist attack, advised regarding precautionary
measures and afforded appropriate assistance and protection. (U)
-- The Secretary of Defense, throu9h geographic CINes, will
be responsible for force protection of CINe-assigned forces and
those DOD personnel for whom the Secretary of state has
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1
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delegated force protection responsibility to DOD under the
Memorandum of Understanding betw.een the Departments of State and
Dejense on Security of DOD Elements ahd P~rsonnel in Foreign
Areas (the Universal MOU). ,JU}
I
I
ADDITIONAL CAPABILITIES
l
In addition to the programs described above, the national
counter-terrorism effort requires thelfollowing elaboration to
the guidance in l?DD-39.
(U)
·i
Sp~c~al
I
1. National
Security Events: Scores of special events
receive Federal protection annually. jSome of these, such as
Presidential nominating conventions, Presidential Inaugurations,
,
I
.
Presidential Summits, State of the Un~on addresses and Olympic
games have a national significance and could attract
unconventional attacks. ~
l
The interagency Counter-Terrorism and!Security Group (CSG} shall
notify the Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury of
events when it believes they should designated a "National
Special Security Event." The Attorne~ General and Secretary of
the Treasury are required to agree on \the designation. ~
I
I
I have decided that for such National ~pecial Security Events,
the full protective and consequence management capabilities of
the Federal Government shall be availa'ble as necessary,
including those of both the FBI and tde Secret Service. ~
I
Lead Agency responsibilities shall be
l
~s
follows:
FBI. The FBI will be the lead agency Iter intelligence, crisis
,
.
I
.
management, hostage rescue, counter-te~rorlsm {except as noted
below regarding Secret Service protect~ve anti-terr6rism
measures and counter-terrorism assets}! and its statutory Federal
criminal investigations. The FBI will identify and coordinate
appropriate anti-terrorism measures ani:i FBI counter-terrorism
asset~ {including, w~en necessaiy, DoPj assets) that will be
needed to perform its lead agency resppnsibilit s. The USSS
will coordinate its activities regardihg security
design/planning and implementation witp the FBI. The FBI will
also identify and coordinate.its measut~s and assets to.effect
consequence management planning, coord~nation, and~ransi~ion
from the crisis ma~agement phase to cphsequence management • by
.t
FEMA. ~
I
I
I
I
!SEGRI!:T
.
�SE6RET
11
!fB€RJ3'1'
FEMA. FEMA shall be the lead agency for consequence management
planning and coordination. Transition from the crisis
management phase to the consequence management phase shall be as
agreed by the Attorney General, the FBI Director and the FEMA
Director, or their designees. ~
The U.S. Secret Service. The Secret Service shall be the lead
agency for security design/planning and implementation, and will
identify and coordinate the appropriate Secret Service antiterrorism measures and counterterrorism assets (and, if
necessary, the assets of other agencies in mutual agreement with
those agencies) that will be needed to effect the overall
securit re uirements (includin
The FEMA Director, U.S. Secret Service Director, and FBI
Director shall ensure that their respective lead agency
responsibilities are fully coordinated and effectively
implemented. Unless mutually agreed upon between the Directors
or their designees, the Secret Service and the FBI will maintain
full command and control of their respective agency assets in
all circumstances and incidents.
Defense, State, Energy, HHS, Transportation and EPA shall,
consistent with their authorities and appropriations, make
available specialized units in support of security operations,
crisis management, and consequence management. ~
The Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury, in
cooperation with other concerned Principals including the
Director/OMB, should within 120 days submit for my approval a
plan to implement this decision. T~e plan should, inter alia,
cover:
~
-- Command/control arrangements of the FBI, Secret Service,
FEMA, DOD and other relevant agencies; ~
-- how to achieve quickly an air space security capability
centered on the enforcement arms of the Treasury (U.S. Secret
Service and u.s. Customs Service); +G+
any required changes in funding and/or legislative
authorities. (U)
e'SGRB'i'
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�SEQ RET
2. National Capital Area Rapid Response Capability for a WMD
Terrorist Incident: The most inviting domestic target for a
terrorist employing WMD is downtown Washington and the national
security headquarters nearby in Virginia . Yet there is no
specialized explosive ordnance disposal team in the Washington
area trained or equipped to deal with WMD; or any detection and
alerting system to identify when WMD move into the metropolitan
area on main approach routes. Accordingly, we must be able to
detect and safely deal with any WMD within or approaching
Washington, DC. ~
-- The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the
Secretary of Energy, shall ensure that there is a robust
capability to render safe a nuclear, biological, or chemical
device in the National Capital area and that such a capability
be deployable in the shortest time possible. ~
-- DOE will lead a technology research and demonstration
project to examine the feasibility of installing covert WMD
detection systems on approaches to the metropolitan area. ~
E.O. 13526, 1.4(g)
4. Statutory Authority and Funding for Combating Terrorism
Operations: The burden for finding the statutory authority to
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use resources during combating terrorism operations is unfairly
I
left to each agency. Therefore,· the Secretary of Defense and
the Attorney General, in coordination ~ith the OMB Director,
will develop comprehensive proposals fclr statutory authority for
funding to combat terrorism .operations.! These proposals shall
be submitted to the APNSA within 120 d~ys. (U)
I
.
I
5. Exerci
: There shall be at leasti one annual exercise
involving the participation of Agency ~rincipals to validate
policies, procedures, and capabilities \for the resolution of
unconventional attacks against the U.S ·I and its citizens. ts+
I
Implementation
I
National Coordinator for S~curity, InfJastructure Protection, and
Counter-Terrorism: Program coordination in support of this
Directive will be under the auspices of; the National Coordinator.
for Security, Infrastructure Protectiori and Counter-Terrorism.
'
While not directing the activities of ~gencies, the National
1
Coordinator will integrate the Governme nt' s policies and programs
on unconventional threats to the homela!nd.and Americans abroad:
attacks on our infrastructure~ cyber sij~tems, and government
operations, terrorism, and defenses against covert delivery of
weapons of mass destruction. Reportin~ to the APNSA shall be an
NSC staff Senidr Director for Infrastru~ture Protection and a
Senior Director for Counter-Terroris~. I In the context of the
established annual budget process the National Coordinator will
provide advice regarding the budgets fo~ counter-terrorism. (U)
.
I
.
!
For these purposes, the National Coordinator will chair
assistant secretary/flag rank groups, r~porting to the Deputies
Committee (or, at the call of its chair'r, the Principals
. Committee) including: ·
'
-- The Counter-Terroris~ Sec~rity ~roup (CSG) to coordinate
counter-terrorism issues and review ongbing crisis operations/
activities concerning foreign terrorism[ and domestic terrorism
with significant foreign involvement; -ts+
I
'
-- Critical Infrastructure Coordinktion Group (CICG) to
coordinate the implementation of the Pr~sidential Decision
Direc ve ·on Critical Infrastructure; ~
I
--The Weapons of Mass Destruction!I Preparedness (WMDP),
.. ,,,.
Consequence Management and Protection Gf:'OUP to coordinate
polici~s and programs relating to Weapohs of Mass Destruction.
(WMD) emergency preparedness, tr.aining, equipping and organizing
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WMD consequence managers, j_nterdiction [of Wiv!D and associ a ted
components beihg introduced into the United States and security
of WMD-related facilities in the United States. +e+
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Coordin~tor
The National
will also be jesponsible foi ensuring
program coordihation between these thrde groups (CSGi CICG and
WMDP) ~ahd.the existing, interagency working group 6n Enduring
.
,
I
.
.
Constitut.ional Government (IWG/ECG, chaired by the Counselor to
the APNSA)) '; -"Whfch coordinate developm~rit and implementation of
policy and progracis reiated to gbvernm~nt-wide continuity of
. ...
,
. operations and continuity of government.
~
~
m
~.
The National Coordinator may call thesJ groups to. meet jbintly
or form joint sub-groups to address inter-disciplinary issues.
The Counter-terrorism Security Group add the N~tional
Coordinator will conduct their reviews jof intelligence programs
and activities consistent with existing procedures and
authorities and in coordination with t~e DCI and/or the Chair of
the Intelligence IWG, as appropriate.
r
The National Coordinator shall report ~egularly to the
Principals and annually to me in a SecJrity Preparedness Report
(this report supercedes the PDD-39 repJiting requirements)
The National Coordinator will also partlicipate as a full member
of Deputies or Principals Corrunittee meejtings when they meet to
consider counter-terrorism, security, WMD defense, or
infrastructure issues.
In addition, wh~le not directing the
actions of agencies, the National CoorJinator shall coordinate
the development of interagency agreed g:Uidelines .for crisis
management and the procedures for authdrizing deployment and
employment of specialized crisis assetsj. *1-
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PHOTOCOPY
WJG HANDWRITING
�
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<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-62 - Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the Homeland and Americans Overseas, 5/22/1998
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PDD-62
7585718
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Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
Terrorism
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/e536b8b9a6e99b1efce357b8bb81b95c.pdf
02ec7a9e88dbc1ed9839fe7e1b57daa0
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-1225-F
FOIA·
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
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,.
Original OAIID Number:
4120
Document ID:
.
[PDD-63 Critical Infrastructure Protection, May 20, 1998]
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�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY,
20365
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASH INGTON
May 22, 1998
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-63
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE'TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ECONOMIC POLICY
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGX
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
SUBJECT:
Critical Infrastructure Protection
I . . A Growing Potential Vulnerability
The United States possesses both the world's strongest military
and its largest national economy. Those two aspects of our
power are mutually reinforcing and dependent. They are also
increasingly reliant upon certain critical infrastructures and
upon cyber-based information systems.
Critical infrastructure~ are those physical and cyber-based
systems essential to the minimum operations of the economy and
government. They include, but are riot limited to,
telecommunications, energy, banking and finance, transportation,
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2
water systems and emergency services,both governmental and
private. ManY,Df the nation's critical infrastructures have
historically been physically and logically ,separate systems that
had little interdependence. As a result of advances in
information technology and the necessity of improved efficiency,
however" these infrastructures have become increasingly
automated and·interlinked. These same advances have created new
vulnerabilities to equipment failures, human error, weather and
other natural causes, and physical and cyb'er attacks:
Addressing these vulnerabilities will necessarily require
exible, evolutionary approaches that span both the public and
private sectors, and protect both domestic and international
security.
Because of our military strength, future enemies, whether
nations, 'groups or individuals, may seek to· harm us in non
traditional ways including attacks within the United st es.
Because our economy is increasingly reliant upon interdependent
and cyber-supported infrastructures" non-traditional attacks on
our infrastructure and information systems may be capable of
significantly harming both our military power and our economy.
II.
President's Intent
It has long been the policy of the United States to assure the
continuity and viability of critical infrastructures. I intend
that the United States will take all necessa~y measures to
swiftly eliminate any significani vultierability to both physical
and cyber attacks on our critical infrastructures,
luding
especially our cyber systems.
III.
A National Goal
No later than the year 2000, th~ Unit~d States shall have
achieved an initial operating capability and no later than five
years from today the United States shall pave achieved and shall
maintain the ~bility to. protect our nation's critical
infrastructures from intentional 'acts. that would significantly
diminish theabiliti~s of: '
o the Federal Government to perform essentia'l national securi ty
missions and to ensure .the general public hea~th and ~afety;
,
• state and local governments to maintain order and to deliver
minimum essential public services;
.
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• the private sector to ensure the orderly functioning of the
economy and the delivery of essential telecommunications,
energy, financial and transportation services.
Any interruptions or manipulations of these critical functions
must be brief, infrequent, manageable, geographically isolated
and minimally detrimental to the welfare of the United States.
IV.
A Public-Private Partnership to Reduce Vulnerability
Since the targets of attacks on o~i'critical infrastiucture
would likely include both facilities iri the economy and those in
the government, the elimination -of our potenti
vulnerability
requires a closely co6rdinat~d'effort of both the government and·
the private sector. To succeed, this partnership must be
genuine, mutual and cooperat
In seeking to meet our
national goal to eliminate the vulnerabiltt s of our critical
infrastructure, therefor~, we ~hould, to the extent feasible,
seek to avoid ·outcomes that increaS~ governmerit regulatiori or
expand unfunded government mandates to the private sector.
For each of the
or sectors of our economy that are vulnerable
to infrastructure attack, the ,Federal Gove.rnment will appoint
from a designated
Agency a senior officer of that agency as
the Sector Liaison Official. to work with the private sector.
Sector Liaison Of cials, after disc~ssions and coordination
with private sector entities ·of their infrastructure sector,
will identify a private sector counterpart (Sector. Coordinator)
to represent their sector.
Together these two individuals and the departments and
corporations they represent shall contribute to a sectoral
National Infrastructure Assurance Plan by:
• assessing the vulnerabilities of the sector to cyber or
physical attacks;
• recommending a plan to eliminate significant vulnerabilities;
u
proposing a system for identifying and preventing attempted.
major attacks;
o developing a plan for alerting, containing and rebuffing an
attack in progress and then, in coordination with FEMA as
appropriate, rapidly reconstituting minimum essential
capabilities in the aftermath of an attack.
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During the preparation of the sectoral plans, the National
Coordinator (see section VI), in conjunction with the Lead
Agency Sector Liaison Of cials and a repr!,=sentative fr.om the
National Economic Council, shall ensure, their overall'
cbordination and the integration of
various s~~toral plans,
with a particular focus on interdependenciesi
, .
V.
Guidelines
In addressing this pot~ntial v~lnerability and the means of
eliminating it, I want those involved to ~e mindful of the
following general principles and concerns.
• We shall' consult with, and seek input from, the Congress on
approaches and programs to meet the obj
ives set forth in
this directive.
• The protection of our critical infrastructures is necessarily
a shared responsibility and partnership between owners,
operators and the government. Furthermore, the Federal
Government shall encourage internationa:l cooperation to help
,manage this increasingly global problem.
• Frequent assessments shall be made of our
tical
tructures' existing reliability, vulnerability and
environment because, as technology and the nature of
threats to our critical infrastructures will continue to
change rapidly, so must our protective measures and responses
be robustly adaptive.
• The incentives that the market provides are the first choice
for addressing the problem of critigal infrastructure
protection; regulation will be used only iri the
of a
mat
al failure of the ~ark~t to protect the health, safety
or well-being of the American people. ;In such cases, agencies
shall identify and assess available alternatives to direct
regulation, including providing economic incentives to
encourage the desired behavior, or providing' information upon
which choices can be made by the private sector. The~e
incent
s, along with other actions, shall be designed to
help harness the latest technologies, bring about global
solutions to
ernational problems, apd enable private sector
owners and operators to achieve and maintain the maximum
feasible security.
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• The full authorities, capabilities and resources of the
government, including'law·enforcement, regulation, foreign
intelligence and, defense preparedness shall. be available, as
appropriate, to ensure that critical infrastructure protection
is achieved and maint
• Care must be taken to respect privacy righ~s. Consumers and
operators must have confidence' that information will be
handled accurately, confident
ly and reliably . . '
• The F~deral Government shall, through i
research,
development and procurement, encourage
introduction of
increasingly capable methods of
tructure protection.
• The Federal Government shall serve as a model to the private
sector on how infrastructure assurance is best achieved and
shall, to the extent feasible, distribute the results of its
endeavors.
• We must focus on preventative measures as well as threat and
crisis management. To that end, private sector owners and
operators should be encouraged to provide maximum
asible
security for the infrastructures they. control and to provide
the government necessary information to assi
them in that
task.
In order to engage the private sector fully, it is
preferred that participation by owners and operators
a
national infrastructure protection system be voluntary.
• Close cooperation and coordination with state and local
governments and first responders is. essential
a robust and
flexible infrastructure protection program. All crit
infrastructure protection plans and action shall. take into
consideration the needs, activities and responsibilit s of
state and local governments and first responders.
VI.
Structure and Organization
The Federal Government will be organized for the purposes of
this endeavor around four components (ela;borated in Annex A) .
1. Lead
s for Sector Liaison:
For each infrastructure
sector that could be a target for significant cyber or
physical attacks, there will bea 's~ngle;U.S. Government
department which will serve as the lead agency for liaispn.
Each Lead Agency will design~te one tndividual of Assistant
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6
Secretary rank or higher to be the Sector Liaison Official
for that area and to cooperate with the priVate sector
representat
s (Sector Coordinators) in addressing problems
related to critical infrastructure protection and, in
particular, in recommending components, of the National
Infrastructure Assurance Plan. Together, the Lead Agency
and the private sector counterparts will develop and
implement a Vulnerability Awareness and Education Program,
for their sector.
2. Lead Agencies for Special Functions: There are, in
addition, certain functions related t6 critical
infrastructure protec~ion that must be chiefly performed by
the Federal Government (national
fense, foreign affairs,
intelligence, law enforcement). For each of those special
functions, ther~ shall be a Lead Agency which will be
responsible for c00rdinating all of the activities of the
United States Government in that area. Each lead agency
will appoint a senior 0
cer of Assistant Secretary rank or
higher to serve as the Functional Coordinator for that
function for the Federal Government.
3. Interagency Coordination: The Sector Liaison Officials and
'Functional Coordinators of the Lead Agencies, as well as
representatives from other relevant departments and
agencies, including the National Economic Council, will meet
to coordinate the implementation of this directive under the
auspices of a Critical Infras~ructure Coordination Group
(CICGI, chaired by the National Coordinator for Security,
Infrastructure Protect.1on"andCounter-Terrorism. The
National Coordinator will be appointed by me and report to
me through the Assistant to. the President for National
Security Affairs, who shall assure appropriate coordination
with the Assistant to the ·President for Economic Affairs.
Agency representatives to. the CICG sl10uldbe at a senior
policy level (Assistant· S,ecreta:r:-Y 0 higher)., Where.,.
appropriate, the CICGwill be assisted by extant policy
structur,es, such as the Security Po'licy Board.,' .Security
Policy Forum and the National Security and
Telecommunications· and ,Information System Security
Committee.
4. National Infrastructure AssurahceCouncil: On ·the
recommendation of the Lead AgeI?-cies, the National Economic
Council and the National Coordinator, I will appoint a panel
of major infrastructure providers and state ,and local
government 9fficialsto serve as my National II).frastructure
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Assurance Council. I will appoint the Chairman. The
National Coordinator will serve as the Council's Executive
Director. The National Infrastructure Assurance Council
will meet periodically to enhance the partnership of the
public and private sectors in protecting our critical
infrastructures and will provide reports to me as
appropriate. Senior Federal Government officials will
participate in the meetings of the National Infrastructure
Assurance Council as appropriate.
VII.
Protecting Federal Government.Critical Infrastructures
Every department and agency of the Federal Government shall be
responsible for protecting its own critical infrastructure,
especially its cyber-based systems. Every department and agency
Chief Information Officer (CIO) shall be responsible for
information assurance. Every department and agency shall
appoint a Ch~ef Infrastructure Assurance Qfficer (CIAO) who
1 be responsible for the protection of all of the other
aspects of that department's critical infrastructure. The CIO'
may be double-hatted as the CIAO at the discretion of the
individual department. ·These officials shall establish
procedures for obtaining expedient and valid authorities to
allow vulnerability assessments to be performed on government
computer and physical systems. The Department of Jus ce shall
establish legal guidelines for providing for such authorities.
No later than 180 days from issuance of this directive,. every
department and agency'shall develop a plan for protecting its
own critical infrastructure, including but not limited to its
cyber-based systems. The National Coordinator shall be
responsible for coordinating anal es r~q~ired by the
departments and agencies of~inter-governmental dependencies and
the mitigation of those dependeticies~~'Th~ Critical
Infrastructure Coordination Group (CICG) ,shall sponsor an expert
review process for those plans. No later; than two years from
today, those plans shall have been implemented and shall be.'
updated every two years. In meeting this schedule; the,Federal
Government shall present a model. to the private .sector on how
. best to protect critical infrastructure.
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VIII.
8
Tasks
Within 180 days, the Principals Comniitteeshould submit to me a
schedule for cqmpletion of a National Infrastructure Assurance
Plan with milestones for accomplishing "the follow~ng subordinate
and related tasks.
1. Vulnerability Analyses:
For' each secto'r of the: economy and
each sector of the government that might be a target of
infrastructure, attack intended to significantly damage the
Uni ted State's, there shall be an
ial vulnerability
assessment,
llowed by periodic updates~ 'As appropriate,
these assessments shall also include the determination of the
minimum essential infrastructure in each s'ector.
2. Remedial Plan: Based upon the vulnerability assessment,
there shall be a r,ecommended remed~al plan. The plan shall
identify timeline.s for implementation, responsibilities and
funding.
3. Warning: A national center to warn of ~ignificant
infrastructure attacks will be established immediately (see
Annex A). As soon thereafter as possible, we will put in
place an enhanced system for detecting and analyzing such
attacks, with maximum poss'ible participation of the private
sector.
4. Response: We shall develop a system for responding to a.
significant infrastructure attack while it is underway, with
the goal 'of isolating and minimizing damage.
5. Recbnstitution: For varying levels of successful
infrastructure attacks, we shall have'a system to'
reconstitute minimum required capabili es rapidly.
6. Education and Awareness: There shall be Vulnerability
Awareness and Education Programs within both the government
and the private sector to sensitize people regarding the
importance of security and to train them in security
standards, particularly regarding cyber systems.
7. Research and Development: Federally-sponsored research and
development in support of infrastructure protection shall be
coordinated, be subj
to multi~year planning, take into
account private sector research, and be adequately funded to
minimize our vulnerabilities on a rapid but achievable.
timetable.
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9
8. Intelligence: The Intelligence Community shall develop and
implement a plan for enhancing collection and analysis of the
foreign threat to our national infrastructure, to include but
not be limited to the foreign cyber/information warfare
threat.
9. International Cooperation: There sha
be a plan to expand
cooperation on critical infrastructure
ion with like~,
minded and friendly nations, international,organizations and
mUltinational corporations.
10. Legislative and Budgetary Requirements:
shall be an ,
evaluation of the executive branch's legis
ive authorities
and budgetary priorities regarding critical infrastructure,
and ameliorative recommendations shall be made to me as
necessary. The evaluations and recommendat
, if any,
shall be coordinated with the Director of OMB.
The CICG shall also review and schedule, the taskings listed in
Annex B.
IX.
Implementation
In addition to the l80-day report, the National Coordinator,
working with the National Economic Council, shall provide an
annual report on the implementation of this di
to me and
the
of departments and agencies, through
Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs. The report should
inc
an updated threat assessment, a status 'report on
achieving the milestones identified for the National Plan and
additional policy, legislative and budgetary recommendations.
The evaluations and recommendations, if any, shall
coordinated with the Director of OMB.
In addition,
lowing
the establishment of an initial oper~ting capability in the year
2000,
National Coordinator shall conduct a zero-based
review.
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Annex A:
10
structure and Organization
Lead Agencies: Clear accountability within the U.S. Government
must be designated for specific sectors and functions. The
following assignments of responsibility will apply.
Lead Agencies
Sector Li
son:
Commerce
Information and communications
Treasury
Banking and finance
EPA
Water supply
Transportation Aviation
Highways (including trucking and intelligent
transportation systems)
Mass transit
Pipelines
Rail
Waterborne commerce
Justice/FBI
Emergency' law enforcement services
FEMA
Emergency fire service
Continuity of government services
HHS
Public health services, including prevention,
surveillance, laboratory services and
personal health services
Energy
Electric power
Oil and gas. production
Law enforcement and
CIA
Foreign affairs
Defense
intern~l
Foreign intelligence
State
storage
.,
Lead Agencies for Special. Functions: ..:'
Justice/FBI
~nd
security
National defense
In addition, OSTP shall be responsib
for 600rdinating ~esearch
and development agendas and programs for the government through'
the National Science and Technology Council. Furthermore, while
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.'
,
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11
Commerce is the lead agency for information and communi
ion,
the Department of Defense. will retain its Executive Agent
responsibilities for the National Communications System and
support of the President's National Security Telecommuni
ions
Advisory Commit
National
The National Coordinator fqr Security,
Infrastructure
ion and Counter-Terrorism shall be '
responsible
coordinating the implementation of this
directive.
The Nat
Coordinator will report to me through
the Assistant to
President for National Security Af
The National Coordinator will also participate as a full member
of Deputies or Principals Committee meetings when they meet to
consider infrastructure issues.. , Although the National·
Coordinator will not direct Depart~ents and Agencies, he or she
will ensure interagency coordination for policy development and
implementation, and will review.crisis activities concern,ing
infrastructure events with significant foreign involvement. The
National Coordinator ~ill provide advice, in the context of the
established annual budget process,. regarding agency budgets for
critical infrastructure piot
ion. The.N~tional Coordinator
will .chair the Critical
iucture Coordination. Group
(CrCG), reporting to
Deputies Committee (or, at the call of
its chair, the Principals' Committee). The Sector Liaison
Officials and Spe6ial Function Coordinators shall attend the
CIGC's·meetings. Departments and ~gencies shall each appoint to
the CIGC a senior
al (Assista~t Secrefary level o~higher)
who will regularly attend
meetings. : The National Security
Advisor shall appoint a Senior
for Infrastructu~e
Protection on' the NSC st
A National Plan Coordination (NPC) staff will be contributed on
a non-reimbursable basis by the departments and agencies,
consistent with law. The NPC
~~ll ~ntegrate the various
sector· plans into a National
tructure Assurance Plan and.
coordinate analyses of the U.S. Government's own dependencies on
critical infrastructures. The NPC sta
will also help
coordinate a national education and awareness program, and
legislative and public affairs.
The Defense Department shall continue to ,serve as Executive
Agent for the Commission Transition Office, which will form the
basis of the NPC, during the remainder of FY98. ~eginning in
FY99, the NPC shall be an office of
Commerce Department. The
Office of Personnel Management shall provide the necessary
assistance in facilitating the NPC's operations. The NPC will
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12
terminate at the end of FY01, unless extended by,Presidential
directive.
Warning and Information Centers
As part of a national warning and: information sharing system, I',
immediately authorize the FBI to expand its current~1 organization
to a full scale National
tructure Protect
Center
(NIPC).
This organiz~tion shall serve as a national critical
infrastructure threat assessment, warning, vulnerability, and
law' enforcement investigation and response entity .. ' During the
initial period of six to twelve months, I also direct the
National Coon;iinator and the S
Liaison Officials, working
together with the Sector Coordinators, the Special Function
Coordinators and representatives from the.National Economic
Council, as appropriate, to consult with owners and operators of
the critical infrastructures to enc?uragethe creation of a
private sector sharing and analysis center, as described below.
National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC):
The NIPC will
include FBI, USSS, and other investigators experienced in
computer crimes' and infrastructure protection, as well as
representatives detailed from the Department of Defense, the
Intelligence Community and Lead Agencies.
It will be linked
electronically to the rest of the
Government, including
other warning and operations centers, as well as any private
sect0r sharing and analysis centers.
Its mission will include
providing timely warnings of intentional threats, comprehensive
analyses and law enforcement investigation and response.
All executive departments and agencies shall cooperate with the
NIPC and provide such assistance, information and advice that
the NIPC may request, to the extent permitted by law. All
executive departments shall'also share with the NIPC information
about threats and warning of attacks and about actual attacks on
critical government and private sector infrastructures, to the
extent permitted by law.
The NIPC will
lude elements
responsible for warning, analysis, computer inves gation,
coordinating emergency response, training, outreach and,
development and application of technical too
In addition, it
will establish its own relations directly with others in the
private sector and with any information sharing qnd analysis
ity that the private sector may create, such as the
Information Sharing and Analysis Center described below.
The NIPC, in conjunction with the information originating
agency, will sanitize law enforcement and intelligence
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13
information for inclusion into analyses and reports that it will
provide, in appropriate form, to relevant federal, state and
local agencies; the relevant owners and operators of critical
infrastructures; and to any private sector information sharing
and analysis entity. Before disseminating national's~curity or
other information that originated from the intelligence'
commun'i ty, the NIPC will coordinate fully with the intelligence,
community through existing procedures. Whether as, s~nitlz~ci or
unsanitized reports, the NIPC will issue attack w~rniQg~'or
alerts t6 increases in threat condition to any pri~at~ sector '.
information sharing and analysis entity and to the owners,and
operators.
These warnings may also include guidance ieg~,r.di-ng
additional protection measures to be taken by owners an~'; ;
operators. Except in extreme emergencies, the NIPC shall
coordinate with the National Coordinator before issuing public ,~
warnings of imminent attacks by international terrorists,
foreign states or other malevolent foreign powers.
The NIPC will provide a national focal point for gathering
information on threats to the infrastructures. Additionally,
the NIPC will provide the principal means of facilitating and
coordinating the Federal Government's response to an incident,
mitigating attacks, investigating threats and monitoring
reconstitution efforts. Depending on the nature and level of a
foreign threat/attack, protocols established between special
function agencies (DOJ/DOD/CIA), and the ultimate decision of
the President, the NIPC may be placed in a direct support role
to either DOD or the Intelligence Community.
Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC):
The National
working with Sector Coordinators, Sector Liaison
Officials and the National Economic Council, shall consult with
owners and operatqrs of the critical infrastructures to strongly
encourage the creation of a private sector information sharing
) and analy~is center.
The actual desi~n and functions of the
center and its relation to the NIPC will bedetermiried by the
private sector, in consultation with and with assistance from
the Federal Government. Within 180 days of this directive" the
National Coordinator, with the assistance of the CICGincluding
the National Economic Council, shall identify possible ~ethods
of providing federal assistance to facilitate the startup :of ah
ISAC.
Co~rdinator,
I,
Such a center could serve as the mech~nism for gathering,
"'.
analyzing, appropriately sanitizing and disseminating private
sector information to both industry and the NIPC.
The center
could also gather, analyze and disseminate information from the
".
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14
NIPC for further distribution to the private sector. While' .
crucial toa successful government-industry partnership, this
mechanism for sharing important information about
vulnerabilities, threats, intrusions and anomalies is not to
interfere. with direct information exchaJ;lge::;; betwee.ncompanies
. ,.
and t~e government.
'"
;
-: .
,':
-'.
: .. '.
As ultimately designed by private sector representatives,;" the·
ISAC may emulate particular aspects of such insti tut.ions,·as the·,.".
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that ·have'proye<i . · .
highly effectivej particularly its extensive inte~change~ with.
the private and non-federal sectors. Under such a model;' tne '
ISAC would pO$sess a large degree of technical focus and
expertise and non-regulatory and non-law enforcement missions.
It woulde.stablishbaseline statistics and patterns ontpe
various infrastructures, become a clearinghouse for information
within and among the various sectors, and provide a library for
historical data to be used be the private sector and, as' deemed
appropriate by the· ISAC, by the government. Critical to the
success of such an institution would be its timeliness,
accessibility, coordination, flexibility, utility and
acceptability.
,'1
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Annex B:
15
Additional Taskings
studies
The National Coordinator shall commission studies on the
following subjects,:
-
Liability issues arising from partitipation by private' sector
companies in the information sharing' process ..
-
Existing legal impediments to
ion' sharing, with an eye
to proposals to remove these impediments, including through
the drafting of model codes
cooperation with the American
Legal Institute.
-The necessity of document and information
the impact of such classificatioI'l: on use
well as the methods and information systems
and vulnerability information can be shared
avoiding disclosu~e or unacceptable risk of
those who will misuse 'it.
sification and
dissemination, as
by which threat
securely while
disclosure to
-
The improved protection, including secure dissemination and
information handling systems, of '~ndustry trade secrets and
other confidential business data, law enforcement information
and evidentiary material, classi ed national security
rmation, unclassified materiai disclosing vulnerabilities
of privately owned infrastructures' and apparently innocuous
rmation that, in the aggregate,., .i t, 'is unwise to disclose,.
-
The implications of sharing information with
ign entities
where such sharing is deemed necessary to the $ecurity of
United States infrastructures.
-
The potential benefit to security standards of mandating,
subsidizing, or otherwise assisting
the provision of
insurance for selected critical infrastru,cture provide'rs and
requiring insurance tie-ins for foreign
t
1
ructure providers hoping to do bus
with the 'United
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16
Public outreach
In order to foster a climate of enhanced public sensitivity to .
the problem of infrastructure prot
ion, 'the following actions
shall be taken:
• The White House, under the oversight of the National
Coordinator, together wi.th the relevant Cabinet agencies shall
consider a series of conferences: .. (1) that wil~ bring
together national leaders in the public and private sectors to
propose programs to increase the commitment to information
security; (2) that convoke academic leaders from engineering,
computer science, business and law schobls to
ew the
status of education in information security and will identify
change~ in the crirricula and resources nece~
to meet the
national demand for professionals in this
eld;(3) on the
issues around computer ethics,as·these reI
to the K through
12 and general university populations.
• The National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of
Engineering shall consider a round table bringing together
federal, state and local officials with~ industry ~nd academic
leaders to develop national strategies for enhancing
infrastructure security.
• The intelligence community and law enfo.rcement shall expand
existing programs for briefing infrastr,ucture owners and
operators and senior government 0
cials.
• The National Coordinator shall (1) establish a program
infrastructure assurance simulations involving senior public
and private officials, the reports Df which might be
distributed as part of an awareness' campaign; and (2) in
coordination with the private ~ector, launch a continuing
national awareness campaign, emphasizing improving
infrastructure security.
Internal Federal Government Actions
In order for the Federal Government to improve its
infrastructure security, these immediate steps shall he taken:
e The Department of Commerce, the General Services
Administration, and the Department of Defense shall assist
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17 .
federal agencies . in the implementation of. best practices for
information assurance within, their individ~al.agencies.
• The National Coordinator shall coordiqate a review of existing
federal, state and local bodies c~arged with information
assurance tasks, and provide recommendations on how these
institutions can cooperate'most effectively.
• All federal agencie~ shall mak~ cl~ar d~signatidns regardin~
who may. authorize access to thei~ computer systems.
• The Intelligence Community shall elevate and formalize the·
priority for enhanced collection and analysis of information
on the foreign cyber/information warfare threat to our
critical infrastructure.
• The Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secret Service and
other appropriate agencies shall:
(1) vigorously recruit
undergraduate and graduate students with the relevant
computer-rela.ted technical skills for full-time employment as
well as for part-time work with r~gional computer crime
squads; and (2) facilitate the hiring and retention of
qualified personnel for technical analysis and investigation
involving cyber attacks.
• The Department of Transportation, in consultation with the
Department of Defense, shall undertake a thorough evaluation
of the vulnerability of the national transportation
infrastructure that· relies on the Global Positioning System.
This evaluation shall include sponsoring an independent,
integrated assessment of risks to· civilian users of GPS-based
.systems, with a view to basing decisions.on the ultimate
architecture of the modernized NAS on these evaluations.
• The Federal Aviation Administration shall develop and
implement a comprehensive National Airspace System Security
Program to protect the modernized NAS from information-based
and other disruptions and attacks.
• GSA shall identify large procurements (such as the new Federal
Telecommunications System, FTS 2000) reiated to' infrastructure
assurance, study whether the procurement process reflects the
importance of infrastructure protection and propose, if
necessary, revisions to th~ overall procurement process to do
so.
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O~FICIAL
USE ONLY
.18
• OMB shall dir.-ectfederal agencies to include assigned
infrastructure assurance functionswi.thin their Governme.nt
Performance and Results Ad:: strategic planning and performance
measure~ent framework.
,
• _The NSA, in accordanc~ with its National Manager
responsibilities in NSD-42, shall provide assessments
.encompassing examinations of U.S. Government systems to
interception and expl6itation; di~seminate threat and
vulnerability information; establish'st~ndardsi conduct
research -and development; and conduct issue. security product
evaluations.
Assisting the Private Sector
Iri~6±der to assist the private_sec~or in achieving and
maintaining infrastructure security:
• -The National Coordinator and the National Jnfrastructure
Assurance Countil shall propose and dev~lop ~ays to~ncourage
private industr~ to perform periodic risk assessm~~ts ~f
critic~lprocesses, including information and
te-Iecoinmunications' systems.
• The Department of Commerce and the Department of Defense 'shall
worktogetl1er, . in coordination with the private sector,' to
. offer their expertise to private owners and ot,)erators ·of
critical infrast±ucture to develop security-related best
practice standards.
• The Department of Justice and Department .of the Treasury shall
sponsor a -comprehensive study compiling! demographics of
compute"r crime, comparing state approaches to computer crime
and developing ways to deterring and responding to.computer
crime by juveniles .
~~
.
.
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PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRmNG
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-63 - Critical Infrastructure Protection, 5/20/1998
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5/20/1998
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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2010-1225-F-pdd-63-critical-infrastructure-protection-may-20-1998
7585718
Declassified
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0f2d536f012c9e8b5feb628c4b2126e3.pdf
dfb71eb4e93c1d57798abc54d036d3d9
PDF Text
Text
Case Nu'mber: 2010-122S-F
I
FOIA
MARKER
:
,\0:
l
1
This is not a. textual record. This is used as an
.
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
. Library Staff.
,
.';
,
:
Original OA/ID Number:
I
4120
:
"
I
i
Document ID:
[PDD-65 Amendment to Organization of National Se9urity
Council, Jurie 23, 199~]
I
I'
Stack:
Row:
v
43
. Section:
6
Shelf:
9
I
Position:,
2
�20500
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 23, 1998
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTlVE/NSC-65
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF .STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
PERMANENT .REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES
TO THE UNITED NATIONS
ADMINIST~TOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
. AGENCY
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
DIRECTOR" OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
CHAIRMAN, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT '
DIRECTOR,. OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL
POLICY
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ECONOMIC POLICY
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
SCIENCE'AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
DIRECTOR, U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT
AGENCY
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
t
.SUBJECT :
Amendment to
Organization of the National
Security Council with Regard to the Role of the
Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and
~International Security Affairs/Senior Advisor to
,the President and Secretary of S
e for Arms
Control, l:Jonproliferation and Disarmament
�2
Further to my April 18, 1997 decision to reorganize the foreign
affairs agencies, Presidential Decision Directive/NSC-2 of
January 20, 1993 is hereby amended as follows.
A new penultimate sentence shall be added to the second
paragraph of Section A:
A.
National Security Council (NSC)
The Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International
Security Affairs/Senior Advisor to the President and Secretary
of State for Arms Control, Nonproliferation and Disarmament,
shall be invited to attend all National Security Council
meetings concerning matters pertaining to arms control,
nonproliferation or disarmament.
A new penultimate ~entence shall be added to the second
paragraph of Section B:
B.
The NSC Principals Committee (NSC/PC)
The Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International
Security Affairs/Senior Advisor to the President and Secretary
of State for Arms Control, Nonproliferation and Disarmament,
shall be invited to attend all NSC/PC meetings concerning
matters pertaining to arms control, nonproliferation or
disarmament.
A new penultimate sentence shall be added to the second
paragraph of Section C:
C.
The NSC Deputies Committee (NSC/DC)
The Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International
Security Affairs/Senior Advisor to the President and Secretary
of State for Arms Control, Nonproliferation and Disarmament, or
his designee, shall be invited to attend all NSC/DC meetings
concerning matters pertaining to arms control, nonproliferation
.or disarmament.
The first and second sentences of Section D are retained.
third sentence shall be replaced by the
llowing:
The
�3
D.
Interagency Working Groups (NSC/IWGs)
In general, foreign policy and nonproliferation issues should be
chaired at the Assistant-Secretary level by. the Department of
State; defense issues shou·ld be chaired at the Assistant- .
Secretary level by the Department of Defens~; international
economic issues by the. Department of the Treasury or the NEC, as
appropriate; and intellig~nce, arms.~ontroland crisis
management. by the NSC. The NSC chair of the arms control JWG
will. convene a meeting of the arms control IWG at the request of
the Department of State.
Integration Transition
During ·the transition period for the consolidation of the U.S.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the Department of state
and.as long ~s theper~onserving -as the Director of the U.S.·
Arms Corit~ol and Disar~am~nt Agency has delegated authority to'.
exerc e the function that have been delegated to the Under
.
Secretary of state for Ar~s Control and·International Security.
Affairs, the incumbent will continue to attend National Seyurity
Council, Principals. Committee and Deputies Committee meet-ings
when matters relating to arms control, .nonprolife]::ation or
disarmament are discussed. This incumbent will be considered a
Principal i'n addition to the Department of State's
representation ..
Except as amended by this directive,
1 other portioqs.of
Presidential Decision Directive/NSC-2 remain in ef~ect~ .
!
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PDD-65 - Amendment to Organization of National Security Council, 6/23/1998
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2010-1225-F-pdd-65-amendment-to-organization-of-national-security-council-june-23-1998
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
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Document ID:
[PDD-70 National Implementation of Chemical
Convention, December 17, 1999]
Stack:
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S.ection:
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W.eapons
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�THE WHITE HOUSE
;
WASHINGTON
D"ecember 17, 1999
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE/NSC-70 .
MEMORANDl~
SUBJECT:
FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
National Implementation of the Chemical Weapons
Convention
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction
(·CWC" or ·Convention"); which entered into
rce
r the United
States on April 29, 1997; imposes a number of obligations on the
United States. The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation
Act of 1998 (·the Act"), enacted on Octob~r 21, 1998, Executive
Order 13128, and associated Chemical Weapons Convention
Implementation Policy Guidance elaborate many of these
obligations and assign some specific responsibilities within the
Executive Branch. Among the specific responsibilities is the
designation of the Department of State as
United States
National Authority for the purposes of the Convention and the
Act.
This document specifi~s agency and departmental
responsibilities.
PART I -- THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL AUTHORITY
Section 1.1. Purposes.
The United States National Authority
(·USNN') shall have the following purposes:
(a) To serve as the national focal point for effective
liaison with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
Weapons (OPCW) and with other States Parties to the Convention;
�2
(b) To implement the provisions of the CWC and the Act in
coordination with an interagency group consisting of the
Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the
Treasury, the Attorney General, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary
of Energy, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs, the Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff and the heads of such other agencies,
departments or entities, or their designees I consider necessary
or advisable; and
(c) To coordinate ,through the CWC Interagency Working Group
(CWC/IWG) established in Sec 2.1, decisions pertaining to CWC
implementation issues.
Section 1.2. Director.
Director of the USNA.
The Secretary of State shall serve as the
Section 1.3. Powers.
The Director of the USNA may utilize the
administrative authorities otherwise available to the Secretary
of State in carrying out the responsibilities of the Director.
Section 1.4. Regulations.
In coordination with the CWC/IWG, the
Director of the USNA shall report to Congress on regulations that
have been issued, implemented or revised, to implement the
Convention and the Act., The Departments of State, Commerce, the
Treasury, and other agencies as appropriate, including the
Departments of Defense and Energy, shall issue, amend or revise
regulations, orders or directives, as necessary to implement the
Act or U.S. obligations under the Convention.
Sectio-n 1.5. Responsibilities.
The USNA shall:
(a) Aggreg~te, as nec~ssary, declaration data, notifications
of exports, imports, and changes to facility activities, and
other information required by the Convention and received from
Lead Agencies, following interagency coordination, and submit
such information to the OPCW as requested by the CWC/IWG;
(b) Ensure that the appropriate Lead Agency (as defined in
Section 4.1 below) notifies the owner, operator, occupant or
agent in charge of a facility prior to the development of an
agreement between the U.S. Governmen~ and the OPCW relating to
inspection of that facility (~facility agreement"), and, if the
person notified so requests, that such person is allowed to
participate in the preparations for the negotiation of the
agreement, and to observe negotiation of the agreement to the
maximum extent practicable and consistent with the Convention and
the -Act;
�3
(c)
appropri
En~ure
that facility agreements are concluded where
ei
(d) Receive lists of inspectors from the OPCW and, through
the CWC/IWG, c09rdinate approval of inspectors with appropriate
agencies and departments;
(e) Receive notificat
of ,inspections from the OPCW, and
1) ensure in coordination with the Lead Agency, that,
reach
inspection, the selection of the site was made in accordance with
procedures established under the Convention; 2) issue actual
written noti cation of the inspection to the owner and operator,
occupant, or agent in charge of the premises to be inspected
within six hours of receiving the notification of
ion from
the Technical Secretariat or as soon as possible therea er (for
Lead Agency owned and operated
lities, this noti
ion
shall be made directly to the Lead Agency); 3) in coordination
with the CWC/IWG, provide authorization for inspections where
appropriate; and 4) notify the appropriate Lead Agency of each
authorized inspection;
(f) Rece
from the OPCW, through designated channels,
requests
information and assistance under Articles IX, X, or
XI of the CWC, and transmit CWC/IWG-coordinated u.S. responses
and requests
r challenge inspections to the OPCW;
(g) Receive information on CWC-related activities from the
OPCW, to include draft inspection reports, provide this
information to appropriate departments and agencies, and
coordinate the USG'response to OPCW proposals, documents and
inquiries;
(h) Coordinate with the Lead Agency the designation of
employees of
Federal Government to accompany members of an
inspection team of the Technical Secret
at during inspect
of U.S. facilities in the United States, and in doing so ensure
that an FBI speci
agent accompanies each inspection team, that
no Environmental Protection Agency or Occupational Safety,and
Health Agency employee accompanies the inspection team, and that
the number of Uni
States Government representatives is kept to
the minimum necessary, consistent with the requirements of the
Act;
(i) Receive requests for information from the United states
Delegation to the OPCW and other States
ies, and transmit
CWC/IWG coordinated information to them;
(j) Compile and retain historical records, in support of the
CWC/IWG, on U.S. communications with the OPCW;
�4
(k) In coordination with the CWC/IWG, draft the report on
inspect
required by Section 309 of the Act with input from
the Departments of Defense, Commerce, State, Energy, Justice, and
other agencies as required; and
(1) Rece
notification from any person intending to bring
a civil action against the United States based on an alleged
taking of property without just compensation by an 0
cer or
employee of the OPCW, and pursue all remedies it considers
necessary and appropriate to seek redress
r the claim,
including, but not limited to, the remedies provided for in the
Convention and
Act.
PART II -- CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP
Section 2.1 . .. - - ; : - : - - ' - : = - - -
E
shment. A Chemical Weapons Convention
Interagency Wor
Group (eWC/IWG) is hereby est
ished.
Section 2.2. Purpose and Function. The eWe/IWG
1 serve as
the senior interagency forum for consideration of policy issues
concerning the United States Government's obligat
under the
ewe.
It shall coordinate cwe implementation issues that have
diplomatic, economic, or national security implicat
,and
monitor U.S. ewe implementation. The head of each department or
agency shall be responsib
to me for ensuring that
1 of the
activities of his or her respective department or agency are
fully compliant with
legal obligations of the United States
Government. The CWC/IWG may establish subordinate groups as
required.
Section 2.3.
ition.
----":;:----
The eWC/IWG shall include a
(a)
The Department of State, which shall provide
Chairman;
(b)
The Department of the Treasury;
(c)
The Department of Defense;
(d)
The Department of Justice;
(e)
The Department of Commerce;
(f)
The Department of Energy;
(g)
The Intelligence Community;
(h)
The National Security Council Staff;
�5
(i)
The Joint
(j)
Such other departments or agencies as needed and
invited by the Chairman of the CWC/IWG.
ffi and
Sec. 2.4. Me etings. The CWC/IWG ·shall be,conven~d at the
di
ion of the Chairman or the Chairman's designee or upon
st of a member department or agency.
PART III -- GENERAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES
Se ion 3.1. General Responsibilities. Executive departments and
agencies involved in United states implementation of the CWC and
shall:
(a) Be responsible for impl
on of, and compliance
with, the CWC and the. Act by their principal and subordinate
organizations, programs, operations, and facilitiesi
(b) Ensure that all principal and.subordinate staff and
organi
ions fully implement the provisions of the CWC and the
Acti
(c) Fund and execute their responsibilities for
implementation of the CWC and the Act as specified below in
accordance with their statutory ~uthorities; and
(d) Safeguard national security,
idential business
information, and other sensitive commercial and proprietary
information to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Sec 3.2. Policy-related Responsibilities. Executive departments
and agencies involved in United States implementation of the CWC
and the
1:
(a) Share appropriate information with the members of the
CWC/IWG about agency policies, plans and activities releyant to
the CWC and
;
(b) Remain current on developments in the OPCW, and on
policy and gui
coordinated by the CWC/IWGi and
(c) Through agency representatives, provide agency views to
the CWC/IWG on the formulation of policy and guidance
national CWC implementation.
�6
PART IV -- LEAD AGENCY DEFINITION AND DESIGNATION
Sec. 4.1. Definition of Lead Agenty. For the purpose of this
directive, -Lead Agen6~ means the executive department or agency
responsible for imple~entation of the CWCdeclaration and
inspection requirements for specified facilities.
Sec. 4.2. DeSignationlof Lead Agencies. The Lead Agencies are:
the Department of Def$nse (DOD) for facilities owned by or leased
to DOD, including facilities that are contractor-operated and
overseas facilities utilized by, DOD under agreement with foreign
governments; the Department of Energy (DOE) for facilities owned
by or leased to DOE, .including facilities that are contractor
operated; and the Dep~rtment of Commerce for all facilities that
I
are not owned by or leased to DOD or DOE, or that are not owned
by or leased to otherjU.S. Government agencies, including
facilities that are contractor":'operated, that notify the USNA of
their decisiori to be excluded from the cwe Regul ions.
I
I
.
.
'
Sec. 4.3. Responsibilities.
alia, for: .
I
Lead Agencies are responsible, inter
.
(a) Implementation issues on the ground during inspections,
consistent with previbusly approved interagency guidance. Each
Lead Agency will coordinate with other affected Departments
and/or Agencies that have national security or proprietary
equities or assets at its facilities;
l
(b) Deciding thel composition of the Host Team, consistent
with Section 1.5(h} a~ove. Other agencies may request to
participate in specific inspections. As a general rule, the Lead
Agencies will accommodate such requests, consistent with the
statutory obligation ~o minimize the size of the Host Team.'
.
I
Represent ives.from the .National Authority and other agenc s
have the
ght to proyide advice on substantive.issues on which
they have expertise to the Host Team leader during an inspection.
The Host Team leaderi can accept or r'eject the advice except that
disputes over sampling in the United States should be resolved in
accordance with Sectipn 304(f) (1) of the Act and regUlations
issued by the Department of State; and
(c) Promptly referring to the CWC/IWG issues that
se
between the Host Teami and the Inspection Team that the Lead
Agency determines to be new and substantial and that cannot be
resolved on-si~e durihg the inspection.
�7
PART V -- SPECIFIC DUT[ES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES
Section 5.1. Purpose. I The purpose of this part is to assign
specific, responsibilities
implementing the CWC and the
to
Federal departments and agencies. These assignments take into
account the general mibsions of the departments and agencies and
their constituencies.
Section 5.2. The
Depar~ment
of De
e
(DOD) shall:
(a) Serve as Leadl Agency
collection of data declarations
and other information ~equired by the CWC and the Act from its
lit s specified in section 4.2 and forward the information
and data, which will b:e aggregated where appropriate, to the USNA
r transmission to the OPCW;
(b) Serve as Lead Agency for inspections of its facilities
fied in section 4.2, as follows:
(1) Upon receiving nCltifi
the USNA'I' inform the
timely manner;
ion of each inspection from
lity to be inspected in a
I
(2)Act as l~ad, host and escort for each inspection
team, consistent with the applicable Host Country
Agreement! or Host Nation negotiated arrangements
for overdeas facilit
;
(3)COnsisteJt with Section 1.5(b) and (c), negotiate
facility !agreements between the United States
Governme~t and the OPCW as provided for by the CWC
and the Rct;
(4) Take apPrillopriate measures to protect employees, the
security of activities, data, and property to the
fullest extent of the law; and
I
(5) Help prepare facilities
ions, including
planning programming, budgeting, training, and'
assessing the extent of national security,
proprietdry or other sensit
information
possessed by the facility;
,I
I
'
(c) Oversee and conduct the destruction of chemical weapons
(CW) and of
CW production facilities as required under the
CWC;
�8
(d) Manage DOD aClti vi ties including programming, budgeting,
~~:s~wc; ion, and operrtion
r protective purposes permitted by
(e) In consultatibn with the Department of state and other
appropri
agencies, ~eveloP' negotiate, and conclude agreements
or formalized understandings with
gn governments that host
DOD or other relevant ~acili es or assets by agreement with the
United S
s that could be subject to CWC inspections;
(f) Provide mater!ial resources, on a cost reimbursable
basis, as coordinated land agreed upon wi thin the CWC/IWG, for CW
protective assistance to other S
es Parties under Article X of
the CWC;
(g) Fund and conduct research, development, testing, and
evaluation in support ~f DOD CW protective activities and of DOD
CWC implementation requirements;
(h)
e, conJistent with U.s. laws, regulations, ,policy
and guidel
, the Single Small S
e Facility (SSSF) and
10kg facility
pro~ective purposes permitted by the CWC;
(i) Respond to rJquests for assistance from other CWC/IWG
departments and agenci1es for CWC implementation on a not-to
interfere and cost-rei!mbursable basis;
,
I
(j) Coordinate with the Department of Commerce and other
agencies as appropriabe so that the United States production of
Schedule 1 chemicals ~nd the amount of Schedule 1 chemicals
inventory
the Unit~d states are within the CWC-prescribed
limits to the
ent ~uthorized by law;
I
(k) Prevent
disclosure during CWC
cation
activities of sensitiv11e nuclear information, consistent with the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (PL 83-703), as amended;
(1) Provide,
Jccordance with the NSDD-38 process, the
Deputy Permanent U.S. IRepresentative to the OPCW, who will be
resident in The Hague1
(m) Prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive CW defense
technology;
I
I
(n) Provide technical advice to the Departments of State and
I
Commerce regarding CWer-related export control matters;
(0) Fund and proJide the following in-kind
ces
ass06iated with multilateral verification at U.S.
lities
I
under Article IV and V
the CWC: domestic transportation of
I
.
�9
inspectors and equipment; inspector lodging and equipment
storage; workspace: ihstallation, service, and maintenance of
continuous monitoringl equipment; medical and health care directly
related to inspections; and 0
ial communications:
(p) Through the lappropri
on-site inspection support:
DOD component responsible for
(1) For all CWC inspections in the United st es, meet
and assist Treasury and Justice officials to
I
litate customs and immigration of CWC
inspect~on teams at the point of entry or exit
(POE). Con'firm that the verification equipment
brought by a CWC inspection team meets with agreed
fications, and impound equipment that does not
meet th~se specificat
until the final departure
of the ~nspection team;
Icwc
(2) For all
inspections of DOD facilities owned by
or leased to DOD, including facilities that are
contractor operated (consistent with the Host
Country IAgreement or Ho
Nation negotiated
arrangement, for overseas facilities)~ make
arrangedents for food, lodging, communications, and
transporltation to and from the perimeter of
inspect~d site, and provide on-site escorts;
I
(3)At the direction of
Secretary of Defense and at
I
the request of the owners, as conveyed through the
Lead Ag~ncy for inspections of facilities not owned
, I
or operated by the U.S. Government or contracted,
for Uselby or for the U.S. Government, assist the
facility to prepare for possible inspections
pursuant to the Convention and Section 310 of the
Act on J not-to-interfe~e and cost reimbursable
basis; Jnd
(4)Assist lnd support CWC inspection regime
prepara~
and execution on a not-to-interfere and
cost reimbursable bas'is, if so requested by other
I
Lead Ag,enc
,and as approved by DOD; and
(q)
Maintain aJ OPCW-designated laboratory for off-site
analysis of samples taken during CWC inspections.
, I
Section 5.3.
.
The Department of State shall:
( a ) Carry out t
Je
11
f unctlons of the USNA as
.
and in Section lJ5 aboyei
.
ed ln the
�10
(b) Provide the administrative staff .support for the. USNA,
and prepare and serve as executive secretary for meetings of the
CWC/IWG as directed by that body;
(c) Coordinate and monitor CW arms control policy in a
manner consistent with United states foreign policy objectives
and law;
(d) Coordinate diplomatic activities in support of the CWC,
including bilateral and multilateral efforts to promote universal
adherence;
(e) In consultation with the Department of Defense and other
appropriate agencies, develop, negotiate, and conclude agreements
or formalized understandings with foreign governments that host
DOD or other relevant facilities or assets by agreement with the
United states that could be subject to CWC inspections;
(f) Prepare for, staff, and coordinate interagency
participation in international bodies related to the CWC,
including representation on the OPCW Executive Council and the
Conference of the state Parties;
(g) Provide, in accordance with the NSDD-38 process, the
United states Representative to the OPCW;
(h) Provide the United states Permanent Representative to
the OPCW, who will be resident in The Hague;
(i) Receive requests for guidance from the United states
Delegation to the OPCW, coordinate the interagency backstopping
effort, and transmit interagency approved guidance to posts as
appropriate;
(j) Fund the United states' share of the OPCW budget as a
line item in the Department's annual appropriation;
(k) Fund agreed reimbursable costs associated with
verification at U.s. facilities under Article IV and V of the
CWC, to include:
international transportation of inspectors and
inspection equipment; inspector salaries; consumable items of
equipment, protection and safety equipment, and medical supplies
and equipment used during the inspection; and daily inspector
sUbsistence allowance costs, less lodging, (and less meals at
Johnston Island), to the extent provided by law;
(1) Administer and enforce the export licensing provisions
of the CWC and the Act with respect to United states Munitions
List items that are governed by the International Traffic in Arms
�11
Regulations (22 CFR Parts 120-130) and the Arms Export Control
Act (PL 90-629 (as amended));
(m) Coordinate the CW nonproliferation policy of the ,United
states in a manner consist
with the CWC;
(n) Operate for the United states Government through
Nuclear Risk Reduction Center (NRRC), the end-user station of the
CWC communications network
ished by the OPCW;
(0) Through the NRRC, transmit interagency-cleared,
formatted notifications,
accordance with NSDD-301 and
subsequent NSC directives;
(p) Co-chair, with the Intelligence Community, the
Verification and Compliance Analysis Working Group;
(q) In support of the IWG,
information from (1) Lead
Agencies regarding U.s. CWC impl
ation~
(2) the OPCW, and
(3) others as appropriate with
ct to international
CWC-related activities, and provide
s information to al'l
appropriate departments and agencies;
(r) Forward interagency-cleared department and agency
comments on draft inspection reports to the OPCWi
(s) In coordination with the CWC/IWG" issue agreed
rpretations of CWC provisions as needed without prejudice to
the responsibilities of lead agencies as outlined in section 4.3
above;
(t) Maintain negotiating and other
rds relevant to the
CWC;
(u) Report, in accordance with Section 306 of the Arms
Control and Disarmament Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2577), as
coordinated and cleared by the CWC/IWG, to the United states
Congress in a timely manner, or at the
t of an appropriate
Congressional committee, Ori any significant degradation or
alteration in the capacity of the United
s to verify
compliance with the CWC;
with re
501 (a)
out the ,following enforcement responsibilities
to the imposition of civil pena ies under Section
Act:
(1) Issue notices of violation and assessment.
state
will implement Commerce's recommendations concerning
notices of violation and assessment if they are in
,accordance with applicable law. Once st
has
�12
determined that a not
of violation and assessment
will be issued, it will have Commerce perform the
function of serving the notice for state;
(2) Issue final orders
accordance with the notice of
violation and assessment if there has been no timely
request for a hearing;
(3) Issue final orders pursuant to settlements. state
will accept Commerce's recommendations with respect to
settlements if they are
accordance with applicable
law;
,
(4) Decide whether to modi
or vacate an
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) decision and order; and
(5) Provide for the services of an ALJ to conduct
hearings and adjudicate cl
;
(w) Except as otherwise provided
PDD, prepare the
reports specified in the Senate resolution of advice and consent
to ratification of the CWC, including the
report on
coordination with the
compliance specified in the resolution,
CWC/IWG; and
(x) Disseminate general public information concerning the
CWC consistent with Lead Agency respons
lities.
S
ion 5.4.
The Department of Energy ("DOE") shall:
(a) Serve as Lead Agency for collection of data declarations
and other information required by the CWC and
Act from its
ilities specified in section 4.2, including National
Laboratories and components of the nuclear weapons complex, and
rward the
formation and data, which will be aggregat~d where
appropriate, to the USNA for transmiss
to the OPCW;
(b) Serve as Lead Agency for inspections of its
fied in section 4.2 as follows:
lities
(1) Upon receiving notification of each inspection from
the USNA, inform the facility to be
ed in a
timely manner;
(2)Act as lead, host and escort for each inspection
team;
(3)'Consistent with Section 1.5(b) and (c), negotiate
facility agreements between the United st es
�13
Government and the
and the Act;
opew
as provided for by the
ewe
n
(4) T ake appropriate measures to protect employees, the
security of activities, data, and property to the
fullest extent of the law; and
(5)Help prepare facilities
inspections, including
planning, programming, budgeting, training, and
assessing the extent of
ional security,
proprietary or other sensit
information
possessed by the facility:
(c) Prevent the disclosure during ewe verification
activities of sensitive information, consistent with the Atomic
Energy
of 1954 (PL 83-703), as amended: and
(d)
coordi
support
states.
Conduct research and development, as needed, in
ion with the Departments of De
and state, to
ewe policy and implementation needs of the United
"
section 5.5. The
of Commerce
shall:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(a) Issue, amend, or revise regulations, orders, or
directives as necessary to implement the data declaration,
J
reporting and inspection requirements of
ewe and the Act for
facilities
ed in section 4.2;
(b) Serve as Lead Agency for collection of data declarations
and other information required by the ewe and
Act from
facilities
edin section 4.2 and forward
information
and data, which will be aggregated where appropriate, to the USNA
for transmission to the opew;
(c) Serve as
Agency for inspections of
specified in s
ion 4.2 as follows:
ilities
(1) Upon receiving notification of each inspection from
the USNA, provide Host Team noti cation in a
timely manner to the facility to.be
cted, if
appropriate, and obtain consent from
cilIty,
or i)
routine inspection~, a~ necess
·and in
conjunction with the Department of Justice, obtain
an administrative warrant, and ii) for challenge
inspections, as necessary, assist the Department of
Justice
obtaining criminal warrants;
(2)Act as lead, host and escort for each inspection
team;
�14
(3) Consistent with Section 1.5(b) and (c), negotiate
facility
s between the United States
Government and the OPCW, as provided for by the CWC
,
and the
.
(4) T ake appropri e actions to protect confidential
business
rmation and national security
information to the maximum extent possible,
minimize inspe ion burdens and costs to
facilities, and limit the scope of on-site
act
ties to the relevant inspection aims of the
Convention; and
(5)Help prepare facili es
inspections, including
planning, programming, budgeting, training, and
assessing the extent of
ional security,
proprietary, or other sensinformation
possessed by the facility;
(d) Carry out the following,enforcement responsibilities
with respect to the imposition of c
1 penalties under
Section 501 (a) of the Act:
(1) Consistent with Section 9 of Executive Order 13128,
conduct investigations to'determine whether there have
been violations;
(2) Draft letters of intent to charge and notices of
violation and assessment;
(3) Issue letters of intent to charge. These letters
advise a person that Commerce has conducted an
investigation, concluded that the person has committed
a violation and intends to recommend that State issue a
notice of violation and assessment;
(4) Make recommendations to State concerning the
notices of violation and assessment, which
recommendations State will accept if in accordance with
applicable law.
Once State has. deter~ined that a
notice of violation and assessment will be issued,
Commerce will perform the function of serving this
notice for State;
(5) Conduct settlement negotiations;
(6) Dra
orders and decisions, including proposed
final orders and proposed decisions and orders for ALJ
proceedings;
�15
(7) Introduce evidence and testify at hearings;
(8) Represent the United states Government at hearings;
(9) Advise state on obtaining the services of ALJs who
will conduct the hearings;
(10) Advise state and Justice if an individual or
entity fails to comply with a final order.
If Justice
initiates action, Commerce will support Justice in
pursuing that action; and
(11) Make recommendations to state for settlement of
cases and the entry of orders pursuant to settlement,
which recommendations'State will accept if they are in
accordance with applicable law;
(e) Conduct outreach programs as necessary to inform
il ies specified in section 4.2 of
rights and
obligations under the Convention;
(f) Issue, amend, or revise regulations, orders, or.
di
i ves as necessary to -administer and
the traderestriction provisions of the CWC with respect to Scheduled
chemicals that are not listed on the U.s. Munitions List;
(g) In coordination with the CWC/IWG, dra
the President's
annual report to the Congress certifying that
legitimate
commerci
act
ties and interests of chemical, biotechnology,
and pharmaceutical firms in the United States are not being
signifi
ly harmed by the limitations of the Convention;
(h) Coordinate with DOD and other agencies as appropriate so
that the
ted states production of Schedule 1 chemicals and the
amount of Schedule 1 chemicals in inventory in the United st es
are within
CWC-prescribed limits to the extent autho zed by
law;
(i) Provide members of the U.s. Delegation to the OPCW,
including an
rnate Permanent U.s. Representative to the OPCW,
who will be resident in The Hague;
(j) To the ext
authorized by law, and subject to
section 9 of Executive Order 13128, perform investigat
functions relating to violations of section 404(d) or section
501(b) of the Act or to violations of any regulations or orders
implementing CWC responsibilities delegated to Commerce, and, as
appropriate, re r cases to the Department of Justice for
initiation of criminal proceedings; and
�16
(k) Coordinate the disseminat
of public information and
public relations relating to CWC compliance by facilities
c6nsistent with section 4.2.
Section 5.6. The
of Justice shall:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(a) Ensure that implementation of the CWC and the Act is
consistent with the individual
ghts guaranteed by the United
States Constitution;
(b) Advise executive departments and agencies on domestic
legal issues arising from CWC implementation;
(c) Represent the United States Government
legal
challenges to implementation of the CWC and the Act by affected
s in the United States;
(d) Coordinate with the Lead Agency
obtaining
admini
at
warrants and obtain criminal warrants for CWC
ions, as necessary;
(e)
Sf
In coordination with other execut
departments and
enforce criminal sanctions for
olations of the Act;
and
(f) Provide a special agent of the
1 Bureau of
Investigation to accompany each CWC inspection of U.S. facilities
in
United States as required by Section 303 (b) (2) of the Act.
Section 5.7. The
of the
11:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Assist
administering and enforcing the export and import
requirements of the CWC and the Act on behalf of
Department
of S
and Department of Commerce consistent with agreements
between relevant agencies and Executive Order 13128.
Section 5.8. The Director of Central Intelligence, representing
the agenc s of the Intelligence Community (IC), shall:
(a) Co-chair with State the Verification.and Compliance
Analysis Working Group;
(b)
intelligence support to the CWC/IWG;
(c) Prepare the annual reports on intelligence specified in
the Senate resolution of advice and consent to ratification of
the Convention;
�17
(d) Perform or contract for'research, development, and
procurement of technical systems and devices for monitoring
compliance by other states Parties; and
ewe
(e) Identify potential noncompliance concerns outside of the.
United Stat~s, includ{ng su~pect sit~s 6n,the territory ,of other
states Parties, and su'spect sites' of states Parties on the
territory of non-stat~s Parties.
This d.ocument is effective upon signature
0,
....« I' 11. ' • '
'LN~(j;~
, I &.1
t.
PHOTOCOPY
WJC HANDWRITING
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Decision Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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1993-2001
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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PDD-70 - National Implementation of Chemical Weapons Convention, 12/17/1999
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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12/17/1999
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585718" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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2010-1225-F-pdd-70-national-implementation-of-chemical-weapons-convention-december-17-1999
7585718
Foreign Policy
Presidential Decision Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/5c2c5d32f73af13ea62b9605fd126fec.pdf
86e1d2a5b66ffadcabecdb60a7d05ef4
PDF Text
Text
~SECRET-
20067
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 11, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-9
MEMORANDUM FOR TijE
THE
THE
THE
THE
VICE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
U.S. Policy T.oward Angola (U)
SUBJECT:
The breakdown of the Bicesse Accords and the national
reconciliation process in Angola present a major policy challenge
of how to terminate the renewed civil war and encourage the
establishment of a democratic and representative government in
Luanda.
One immediate issue for the Clinton Administration is
whether to recognize Angola and establish diplomatic relations
with the Government of the Republic of Angola. ).ei
This policy review should be completed by February 22.
It should
include clear policy options/recommendations across the full
range of options for dealing with this issue. Any difference in
view among agencies should be noted. At a minimum, the review
should address the following questions and issues: ~
Part I:
Assessment
What are the u.s. interests in Angola? Do our political and
economic interests, and historical relationship with the
Angolan parties, justify a m~~ active USG involvement in
Angola? Less involvement? ~~
What are the immediate and longer term goals of the
Government and UNITA, and can they be reconciled? k5)
What is the most likely outcome for. continuing civil war?
Does time favor the Government, UNITA, or neither? yn
What is the impact of continuing civil war on other
countries in southern Africa, particularly on the prospects
for implementation of the Mozambique peace accords, the
transition in South Africa, and the prospects for Namibia?
~
What would be the effects on Angola of continued instability
in Zaire?
a:SCRE~
r LTr\I'JO N LsmtEIHOTOCOPY
-bh.b
Declassify dr':
·
-
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
f.A(,
I o/'2-t/ 1'-{
'2.. 0 I()
Lf /L"' UN- '001
'I
Z21--r•
�Part II:
Options for Policy
What role should the U.S. take, if any, in promoting
national reconciliation? Should the U.S. play a mediating
role? How would any U.S. role relate to the UN's role, and
that of the other major outside actors (Portugal, Russia)?
_;.er
.
What are our options for recognition (or continued nonrecognition) of the GRA? The options should discuss the
impact on the peace process, including whether recognition
can be conditioned in a fashion to maximize the incentives
for both parties to reach a peaceful and durable
accommodation.~
Within the confines of each of the options, fully set forth
the pluses and minuses of the possible courses of action,
identify any implications for broader U.S. African policy,
any applicable legislative constraints, and any budgetary
implications (including foreign assistance) . (U)
Each option should contain an outline of an implementing
strategy. (U)
Part III:
Tasking
The IWG on Africa, under the chairmanship of the Department
of State, should carry out this review. jai
Anthony Lake
Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
SE~
7
�
Dublin Core
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
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PRD-9 - U.S. Policy Toward Angola, 2/11/1993
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2/11/1993
Is Part Of
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Provenance
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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Reproduction-Reference
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PRD-9
7585719
Declassified
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/ba84649fc8045969fe10b83594bd7eb7.pdf
1226e9e70334bb4518154dafbba800d5
PDF Text
Text
�����
Dublin Core
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
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National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Original Format
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Paper
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PRD-15 - US Policy Toward Nicaragua, 2/22/1993
Creator
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2/22/1993
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PRD15-US-Policy-Toward-Nicaragua
7585719
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/0ccab0932b2f85f1426f4a5da0bac934.pdf
034780b48f4d6a8fc14f8882c56748b6
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-1225-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
.. . ,
Original OA/ID Number:
4123
Document ID:
[PRD-23 u.s. Policy on Extraterritorial Application of
National Environment Policy Act (NEP A), April 8, 1993]
-
Stack:
lRow:
v
~3
. Section:
6'
,
Shelf:
Position:
11
1
�t ,
20280
THE WHI"rE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
. April 8, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-23
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIR, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS.OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ADMINISTRATOR, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR, DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy on Extraterritorial Application of the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
On March 15, 1993, the President decided not to petition for a
rehearing in EDF v. Massey, a recent decision of the Court of
Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
In declining to
seek a rehearing in this case, the new administration indicated
it would not challenge the Court's precise holding -- namely that
NEPA applies to U.S. activities in Antarctica.
The
administration did not, however, reach a decision with respect to
the application of NEPA either to the global commons
(specific~lly the high seas and outer Spa6~}f or to U.S. actions
overseas, specifically in foreign territories and in the U.S. and
foreign Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ).
This review will focus
on these two issues.
�"
2
.'
The review should be completed by May 17,'1993 and shall include
options related to NEPA applicability both to the global commons
and to actions in a nation other than the united States. At a
minimum, the review should include the following:
Part ,I:
Background
Analysis of the legislation and the legislative
history with respect to these issues.
Description of current Congressional interest in
this issue, including an analysis of
ious
legislative proposa
Description of the history of applying NEPA in
foreign territory, before and after Executive
Order 12114, including a description of events
leading to the issuance of the Executive Order.
Description of history of applying NEPA to the
global commons and the u.S. foreign EEZs, before
and after Executive Order 12114 was issued.
Description of environmental impact analys
obligations in existing treaties affecting
the global commons or U.S: activities ov~rseas.
Analysis of the relationship between NEPA and
the Freedom 6f Information Act, between NEPA and
-the subject of classified information, between
NEPA aqd emergency actions, between NEPA and
national security issues and between NEPA and
foreign policy concerns, including negotiation and
conclusion of international agreement.
Compar~ti ve
analysis of NE:t;>A,' EO 12114 and
implementing agency regulations; including an
analys
of the extent to which the environmental
effects of Federal actions overseas and in the
global commons are being addressed and implemented
under Executive Order 12114.
Analysis of pending and proposed litigation.
Implications for other statutes, such as Section 7
of the:Endangered Species Act.
Part I I:
Policy Op'tions
If NEPA were applied to either u.S. actions in the
global ,commons, or in foreign territory, what
impacts (environmental, comtnercial., budgetary,
litigation, foreign policy and national security)
. would result? Potential application of NEPA to
�,~'--
.;,.
,
..,.
3
the global commons or to foreign
be separately analyzed.
tory should
To what extent can environmental concerns be
addressed by actions short of extending NEPA such
as a new Executive Order or improving the current·
Executive Order? What would the impact be of such
an Executive Order?
.Pros and Cons shall be provided for each option.
A recommended option should be provided.
Part III: Tasking
The NSC shall chair an IWG meeting which will
prepare a coordinated draft review paper.
Because a number of matters to be addressed have
implications for legal positions asserted by the
United States on matters currently pending in
litigation, the NSC shall consult particularly
with agencies involved in the litigation.
The paper shall be presented to the Deputies Committee when
complete, and a Deputies Committee meeting shall be called and
chaired by the Deputy National Security Adviser.
~'1*-rUAnthony Lake
Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Paper
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PRD 23 - US Policy on Extraterritorial Application of National Environment Policy Act, NEPA, 4/8/1993
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National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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4/8/1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe Acrobat Document
Publisher
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The material or physical carrier of the resource.
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2010-1225-F-prd-23-us-policy-on-extraterritorial-application-of-national-environment-policy-act-nepa-april-8-1993
7585719
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/b9e7bccf329d94561370aea78abce1cb.pdf
3b11d1bae82df14f6f6a54d88e34f6a2
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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[PRD-29 National Security Infonnation, April 26, 1993]
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�20388
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 26, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-29
MEMORANDUM FOR THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
SUBJECT:
VICE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
ATTORNEY GENERAL
SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
DIRECTOR, INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE
National Security Information
BACKGROUND
With the end of the Cold War, we should re-evaluate our security
classification and safeguarding systems, as articulated in
E.O. 12356, to ensure that they are in line with the reality
of the current, rather than the past, threat potential.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this tasking is to review E.O. 12356 and other
directives relating to protection of national security
information with a view toward drafting a new executive order
that reflects the need to classify and safeguard national
security information in the post Cold War period.
QUESTIONS
The following sets forth the questions that should be addressed
during this review.
The resulting answers should serve as the
basis for the drafting of the new proposed executive order which
will be submitted upon completion of the review.
In the post Cold War era, what types of information
continue to require protection.through classification
in the interest of our national se8urity?
What steps can be taken to avoid excessive
classification? .
�'j
'"
,
~'
2
What steps can be taken to declassify information as
quickly as possible?
What steps can be taken to declassify or otherwise
dispose of the large amounts of classified information
that currently exist in Government archives and other
repositories?
What steps can be taken to reduce the number of,
and to provide adequate oversight and control over,
special access programs?
What steps can be taken to control unnecessary ,
distribution and reproduction of classified
information?
What steps can be taken to enforce the "need-to':' know"
principle?
What steps can be.taken to increase individual
accountability for the operation of the classification
system?
IMPLEMENTATION
This review should be conducted under the chairmanship of the
Director of the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO) in
coordination with the National Advisory Group for Security
Countermeasures.
Representatives
the agencies which comprise
the NAG/SCM shall be included in the task force.
It is further
directed that this review be coordinated with the joint DCI
Secretary of Defense Security Commission.
The Chairman of the task force shall report to me through the NSC
staff, Office of Intelligence .Programs.The review should be
completed no later than' November 30, 1993, at which time a draft
executive order superseding E.O. 12356 should be submitted for
formal coordination.
.
Anthony Lake
Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
�
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THE WHITE
HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 5, 1993
PRESIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-36
FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIR, COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
PRESIDENT, EXPORT-IMPORT BANK
U.S. Policy Toward Central
and Eastern Europe ~
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to develop agreed goals and
strategies to guide our policies toward Central and Eastern
Europe (CEE). The SEED program continues to provide economic and
technical assistance to the region, and the NACC, CSCE and
bilateral military contacts have led to increasing cooperation on
security issues.
But the Balkan war and our increased efforts to
provide large-scale assistance to Russia have distracted
attention from CEE. Accordingly, our main policy initiatives and
the assumptions on which they are based need to be reevaluated.
These initiatives and assumptions may still be relevant.
But it
is time to take stock of our assistance program, trade policies,
and our security relationships with the countries of CEE to
determine whether this administration is doing all it can to
promote and solidify the region's political and economic
transformation.
~
BACKGROUND
The U.S. has a major stake in the success of reform in CEE. The
consolidation of a market-oriented,
democratic zone in the center
rof Europe and the extension of Western values and institutions
eastward are essential to building a post-Cold War Europe
characterized by stability and prosperity.
Western Europe's
economic future and its efforts to move toward increased
political integration grow increasingly tied to developments in
CEE.
So too does the success of reform efforts in the region, by
serving as an example and by creating opportunities for
increasing economic and security links between CEE and the NIS,
CONFlBE1I1'fIAL
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�promote political
Soviet Union. ~
reform and economic
recovery
in the former
Nationalism and ethnic tensions in CEE also have important
implications for U.S. objectives in Europe.
As the ongoing
conflict in the Balkans has shown, ethnic conflict, even if it
does not directly engage the vital strategic interests of the
U.S. or its European allies, poses a significant threat to
European stability.
Events in the Balkans also have an impact on
our policies toward and interests in the Eastern Mediterranean
and Middle East.
Such conflicts need to be prevented or, if they
erupt, contained because of the potential for large refugee flows
or even a spill-over of fighting, because they challenge the
efficacy and cohesion of Western security institutions, and
because they hold the potential to ignite ethnic tensions in
other areas of CEE and the NIS. Although not a direct product of
.political instability or economic duress, many of the aggressive
strains of nationalism and intolerant attitudes that trigger
ethnic violence propagate under conditions of social
dislocation -- conditions now prevalent in much of CEE. We need
to draw lessons from the Balkan conflict to help ensure that
similar problems do not emerge elsewhere.~
The end of the Cold War and the revolutions that accompanied it
have created a political vacuum in CEE. American leadership is
needed to ensure that this vacuum is filled by values, economic
practices and systems of governance compatible with, not hostile
to, fundamental Western interests.
The eastward spread of market
economy and democratic government would further movement toward a
united and peaceful Europe and lead to transatlantic economic
relations reinvigorated by the markets of CEE and the NIS.
In
contrast, instability and backsliding toward authoritarian
government could bring the return of a divided Europe, dash hopes
of tapping new economic opportunities and undermine confidence
among our West European allies and economic partners.
~
ASSESSMENT
AND POLICY OPTIONS
The transition to market-oriented democracy in much of CEE has
gone remarkably well.
The Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and
Estonia have made the most progress.
Although political and
economic hurdles remain, significant backsliding appears unlikely
in these four countries.
Bulgaria, Slovenia, Lithuania and
Latvia have also made significant progress, but they continue to
face difficulties.
Slovakia and Romania have taken a more
incremental approach to economic reform and political
liberalization.
Albania, although it has enjoyed notable success
in building democratic institutions, must work with a primitive
economy that lacks even basic infrastructure.
In most areas of
the former Yugoslavia, political and economic reform has been put
on hold by the on-going fighting and UN sanctions. ~
How is the reform process likely to evolve in the next 2-3 years?
Are electorates growing weary and impatient because of the
sacrifices entailed in adjustment efforts?
Has reform begun to
stall -- even in countries such as Polanda~d
the Czech Republic?
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What are the macroeconomic situation and economic outlook for the
region?
For each country, what is the status of private sector
development, financial sector restructuring and trade and capital
flows? jJ/f
I.
American
Engagement
in Central and Eastern
Europe
Concerned that the u.s. is preoccupied with its domestic agenda
and with its relationships with Western Europe and Russia, the
countries of CEE seek assurance that the Clinton Administration
will remain fully engaged in the region.
Strong ties to the u.s.
provide not only the prospect of tangible cooperation on economic
and security issues, but they are also of considerable political
importance.
As CEE states seek new identities and bases of
legitimacy, a visible u.s. presence carries great symbolic
.weight.
,A
How can the U.S., especially when the resources available for
direct assistance are constrained, make better use of its
goodwill and moral authority in the region?
Should more highlevel contacts be established to make clear the u.s. commitment
and give states in the region a greater sense of belonging in the
West?
What vestiges of obsolete Cold War legislation,
regulation, and administrative pOlicy need to be removed?
What
other activities and contacts can we initiate in order to
the region's integration into and identity with the West?
yrn
II.
U.S. Assistance
Programs
Spending Levels:
Because of resource constraints, funding for
SEED programs is likely to remain at an annual level of $400
million.
Unless any agency can make a compelling case for
substantial increases in overall assistance levels, we must focus
instead on whether we can make better use of currently available
resources.
pi
Geographic Priorities:
The vast majority of our assistance
funding has been directed toward the Visegrad countries.
Through
FY '92, Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak Republics
received over $5 billion in aid (including debt reduction).
In
contrast, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and Yugoslavia received
roughly $430 million and the Baltics $144 million.
Does the
Northern Tier, either for geopolitical reasons or because of the
prospects for successful reform, deserve this priority?
Should
we continue to concentrate our resources in the Visegrad
countries?
Or should we speed up the process -- already underway
-- of diverting resources to southeastern Europe, where the
challenge of economic and political reform has been complicated
by events in the Balkans?
How can we prevent the emergence of
geographic pockets of political and economic instability?
Should we establish enterprise funds for the Baltics and Romania?
More generally, can we devise abstract standards to determine
when a country's transition to market democracy has been
successful enough to warrant a diversion of assistance to more
needy recipients? ~
�.• CQN~'nlgJ>ll:IAL
Aid Strategy:
The U.S. assistance program has had three main
objectives:
restructuring national economies, building
democratic institutions and improving the quality of life.
Predicated on the assumption that a healthy market economy
provides a foundation for stable democracy and civil society, the
largest share of our resources has been devoted to economic
restructuring and private-sector development through the
establishment of enterprise funds.
In all countries in which
enterprise funds have been created, these funds repres~t
the
largest activity in the U.S. assistance portfolio. ~)
Should economic restructuring and privatization continue to serve
as the top priority of our programs or should we begin to shift
resources toward other objectives?
In countries such as the
Czech Republic and Poland where the private sector has begun to
flourish, does it make sense to think about second-generation
programs that might direct more resources toward building a
democratic society -- such as reforming the public sector,
strengthening local government and developing social welfare
initiatives?
In light of the relatively low cost of initiatives
aimed at strengthening democratic institutions and values, might
it be possible to achieve a significant increase in our
activities aimed at promoting civil society at only a marginal
cost to our activities aimed at economic reform?
Would such a
trade-off, even if small, be justifiable? ~
If we decide to devote more resources and energy to building
democracy and civil society, what instruments would be most
effective?
How can we effect constitutional and parliamentary
reforms needed to improve the functioning of democratic
institutions?
What steps can be taken to strengthen an
independent media and enrich public debate?
In what form and on
what scale should surrogate broadcasting be continued?
Can
educational initiatives be used to spread participatory values
and encourage civic as opposed to ethnic national identities?
Should we increase educational exchanges and establish other
institutions similar to the American University in Bulgaria?
Should we help cultivate a legal community capable of challenging
government action, defending minority populations and prosecuting
violations of human rights?
Especially during periods of
economic duress, what can be done to dampen aggressive strains of
nationalism?
Should our assistance programs be more
conditional -- that is, more dependent on demonstrated progress
on media reform, political liberalization, and human rights? ~
Environmental Programs:
The U.S. continues to fund environmental
programs as part of the CEE assistance package.
These programs
focus on reforming the relevant legal and regulatory codes,
improving the effectiveness of public sector initiatives and
helping the private sector playa
larger role in environmental
management.
What bilateral and multilateral mechanisms have been
most effective in addressing global, regional and local problems?
What can be done to enhance nuclear safety?
How can U.S.
environmental programs be improved upon?
Because of the expense
of environmental cleanup, can we encourage international
CQNFHJENTIAL
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financial institutions
bigger role? ~
and multilateral
organizations
to playa
Public/Private and U.S.-EC Coordination:
A wide array of public
and private actors is involved in assisting reform in CEE.
A
public/private partnership is a critical element of our
assistance program, both because of the constraints on public
funds available for foreign assistance and because private firms
help nurture a new class of skilled entrepreneurs.
Can this
partnership be improved upon? What steps -- such as tax credits
and investment guarantees in this country or legal reform and
bureaucratic streamlining in the target country -- will increase
private u.s. investment in and assistance to CEE? Can we do more
to combine federal funds with the resources of universities,
think tanks, NGO's, American ethnic groups and state and local
governments?
How can we promote grass-roots programs (PVO
assistance, religious missions, sister cities, etc.) to
complement and follow on governmental programs?
~
International assistance to CEE is coordinated through the G-24.
Is the coordination process working adequately?
Can this process
be improved upon without creating another unwieldy bureaucracy?
How can national programs be better coordinated with the efforts
of the IMF, World Bank and EBRD?
Is there unnecessary overlap
among national programs, the initiatives of international
institutions and the efforts of the private sector?
Would it
make sense for the u.s. and the EC to support trans-national
capital projects in the region?
~
III.
Trade
Enhancing Trade:
"Trade not aid" continues to be a guiding
principle for many CEE countries.
The collapse of the Soviet
bloc trading system and the inadequate opening of Western markets
have exacerbated the economic burden associated with
privatization and restructuring.
The natural market for CEE lies
in Western Europe, but the EC has placed restrictions on
agricultural imports and on other import sec~ors in which CEE
countries enjoy a comparative advantage.
~
What can be done to speed the integration of CEE into the Western
trading system?
What steps can the u.s. take to encourage the EC
to provide greater access to CEE goods?
How can we balance our
interests in closer EC-CEE ties with our interests in ensuring
U.S. access to CEE markets?
What steps can be taken to increase
access to our own markets and to enhance U.S. investment in and
exports to the region?
What type of trade-expanding arrangements
should we pursue with Central Europe?
Should we devote serious
attention to the notion of triangular trade -- that CEE goods and
services be used in assistance programs in the former Soviet
Union?
How can we encourage greater economic integration within
CEE? )9f
Trade Disputes:
Association agreements between CEE countries and
the EC have the potential to disadvantage U.s. firms -- and have
already done so in Poland.
Discussions with the Poles have thus
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far produced few results.
We also need to address outstanding
disputes over intellectual property rights and to consider how
U.S. trade actions under the anti-dumping and countervailing duty
laws affect our overall trade relationship.
What sources of
pressure should be brought to bear to resolve these issues?
Should we put more pressure on the EC to avoid discriminatory
trade agreements with CEE and the NIS?
If so, to what extent
should these concerns be allowed to affect bilateral U.S.-EC
trade issues?
A
IV.
Security
Arrangements
and Ties to the West
In the near term, the chief threat to security and stability in
CEE stems from the economic and political challenges associated
with domestic reform, not from the potential for inter-state
aggression.
Nevertheless, countries in the region share a
pervasive sense of living in a "security vacuum."
Such perceived
vulnerability can undermine democrats and reformers while
strengthening the position of demagogues and conservative
nationalists.
~}
Most governments and political elites in the region want a clear
security guarantee from the West, ideally through NATO
membership.
Our pOlicy thus far has been to assert that NATO
enlargement is a question for tomorrow, not today.
In the
meantime, we are seeking to broaden and deepen our security
relations with the region -- bilaterally through military
contacts and exchanges and multilaterally through the NACC and
CSCE.
yt'>
In light of the potentially difficult and dangerous challenges
that still lie before many CEE states, should we begin to plan
now for eventual incorporation into NATO of some or all of them?
Should we explicitly hold out the prospect of eventual
membership?
If so, should we develop criteria and timetables?
What effects would such steps toward expansion have on NATO's
credibility and unity, on the security environment in CEE and on
Russia?
y}
How would we like to see the NACC, CSCE, other regional
organizations such as Visegrad or the WEU's Forum for Cooperation
and our own bilateral security relations with CEE states evolve?
What concrete steps can we take to move the NACC beyond
conferences and seminars to practical cooperation, especially in
peacekeeping?
Should we encourage the Central Europeans to
strengthen the Visegrad process?
What, if any, position do we
want to take about CEE relations with the WEU?
Should anything
be done now about eventual CEE membership in the WEU?
What might
be the relationship between NATO and one or more regional
security groupings in CEE? Can or should we enter into
commitments to consult on security issues (something akin to
Article IV of the NATO Charter) and, if so, with whom and in what
forum and context?
A
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Is there a trade-off between expanding bilateral military
relations and giving the NACC or other multilateral fora more
meaningful roles?
What other cooperative initiatives will
increase contact between military personnel in CEE and their
Western counterparts -- and help build a shared sense of purpose
and mission? ~at
is the scope for expanding intelligence
exchanges? ~)
v.
Conflict
Prevention/Crisis
Management
The volatile mix of political, economic and demographic
conditions that sparked ethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia
fortunately is not precisely replicated elsewhere in CEE.
Nevertheless, dealing with ethnic tensions within existing states
and coping with rising nationalist sentiments will be key
challenges for u.s. policy.
Perhaps, the most difficult and
important set of policy issues toward the region relates to what
outside governments, including the U.S., can legitimately and
usefully do to ease tensions within states and keep them from
turning violent.~
Initiatives that contribute to democracy-building
and economic
growth can help, including bilateral as well as multilateral
economic, political and military-to-military
programs.
CEE
governments, at least in theory, have also given regional
organizations exceptional authority over how states treat their
own citizens and rights of engagement in settling domestic
disputes.
We should address how to enhance the authority ~d
strengthen the rights of these regional organizations.
~)
What can be done to enhance multilateral surveillance of and
member-state adherence to CSCE human rights commitments?
How can
we develop the conflict prevention/crisis
management potential of
CSCE's mission of long duration?
Do we want to make a regular
part of Europe's political landscape third party involvement in
disputes between or within states and, if so, how should we
proceed?
Can or should the u.s. contribute to the Council of
Europe's work in democratic standard-setting and education?
What
measures should we develop to counter nationalist propaganda and
prevent the intensification of ethnic tensions?
Should the u.s.
be willing to participate in preventive military deployments
(e.g., during a dispute settlement procedure) as well as in
peacekeeping in CEE and, if so, how should we organize and
otherwise prepare for these tasks?
If the u.s. does not want to
participate in such operations, can or should we encourage
European states to do so on their own? What would be the
conseq~ences for NATO?
Should there be multilat~5Plly-agreed
standards for addressing claims of statehood?
~
TASKING
The Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian
Affairs will convene an Interagency Working Group, task specific
drafting responsibilities and set deadlines for drafts.
Differences of opinion should be clearly stated rather than
compromised for the sake of an agreed.produ<2t.-~
~
eOIlFIBEIffIAL.
-
..
~:-
,:. '
~-
.
-
.
~
�CONIFI9BNTIAL
,
A final decision paper is due to the NSC Executive
later than August 13, 1993.
p(
Secretary
~V7td--Anthony Lake
Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
CONE'IDENTIAL
not
�
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<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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PRD36
7585719
Declassified
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/055bf9455b02da821273d6d3c8b94ed1.pdf
1ba39c9af5ba76c6346dda7aef069167
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
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Library Staff.
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Original OA/ID Number:
4125
.
Document ID:
[PRD-43 u.s. Environmental Policy in Latin America and
Caribbean, March 23, 1994]
'.
Stack:
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1
1
1
�. 20249
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 23, 1994
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-43
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO
THE UNITED NATIONS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
DIRECTOR, PEACE CORPS
SUBJECT:
U. S. Environmental Policy in Latin America and
the Caribbean
Background
The United States has an interest in the role Latin American and
Caribbean nations play in protecting the ozone layer, reducing
emissions of greenhouse gases, preserving the Earth's
biodiversity and other global environmental issues.
Our
proximity to these nations implies that regional. environmental
problems in Latin America may affect the United States.
Moreover, environmental issues are increasingly relevant to U.S.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2
economic interests, with implications for possible free trade
agreements, technology exports, trade sanction
sues, and other
matters. Within the region, there is growing interest in
environmental
sues due in part to the 1992 Earth Summit
agreements and to an increasing capacity to address environmental
problems.
These environmental problems may have considerable
health impacts and diminish countries' chances of sound
development.
Objective
The purpose of this review is to define objectives for the United
States regarding environmental protection in Latin America and
the Caribbean and to develop a U.S. strategy to achieve them.
This review addresses environmental issues on a regional rather
than nation-by-nation,basis.
Latin America and the Caribbean is
divided for this purpose into the following six regions:
Mexico,
Central America, the Caribbean, the Andean Nations, Brazil and
the Southern Cone.
It asks how the United States should best employ various tools
that could be brought to bear on these problems, including
bilateral and multilateral agreements, trade; capacity building
and financial and technical assistance.
The resulting regional strategies should consider mechanisms to
better coordinate the efforts of U.S. agencies with one another,
improve coordination with other existing international efforts
and institutions, alter priorities within or between agencies
and, possibly, fund new initiatives.
Both bilateral and
multilateral channels for providing assistance should be
considered.
I.
Criteria for Developing the Strategy
This review asks for an explicit examination of the criteria to
be employed in choosing environmental priorities within each of
the six regions to be considered.
In weighing these
teria,
our long-term goal in Latin America is to foster a Hemisphere of
democratic nations with capable governments and open economies
providing rising living standards to their peoples and expanding
opportunities for economic exchange with the United States.
Strengthened cooperation on issues of environmental protection,
while a ~oal in itself, should also be consistent with and
supportive of these goa
For example, U.S. encouragement of
environmental non-governmental organizations strengthens civil
society and deepens democracy, while at the same time promoting
sustainable development with Latin American and Caribbean
governments.
The following criteria, and others if appropriate, should be
considered in structuring the assessment within each region:
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�','I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
3
A~'
The health and safety of Latin American citizens.
Specif
issues in this category would include:
the
availability of safe wateri sewage treatment; urban air
pollutioni pollution from mining or petroleum
operationsi and nuclear reactor safety and waste
disposal.
.
B.
Environmental degradation that undercuts sustainable
development in the region, including degradation of
forests, wetlands, coastal zones and other critical
ecosystems, unsustainable agricultural practices,
depletion of water resources and environmentally
unsound energy production and use.
C.
The impact of environmental problems on traditional
national security concerns, and the affects of war and
national security issues on the environment, including
the relationship between environmental degradation and
population, poverty, health and refugee crises, or as a
cause of armed conflict. Address both long- and short
term causes. Specific issues in this category would
include soil erosion or degradation, desertification,
population growth, sewage treatment (in relation to the
propagation of disease), availability of safe water arid
transboundary pollution issues.
D.
Global issues, including the global effects of
deforestation and biodiversity loss.
Specific issues
in this category would include forest management,
biodiversity and endangered species, contributions to
global warming or ozone depletion, pollution of seas
and destruction of coral reefs.
E.
Development of U.S.-Latin American and U.S.-Caribbean
ties.
Examples would include attempts to avert·
environmental problems that could become sources of
bilateral friction, such as the safety of imports to
the U.S. with respect to pesticides, chemicals, or
bacteria in meat or vegetables or tuna-dolphin type
.trade disputes.
F.
International competitiveness.
Increasing commercial
opportunities for U.S. technology and service providers
in the environmental industry. .
For each region, consider the relative importance of the criteria
listed in A through F above. Within the most important criteria,
assess the comparative importance of each issue or example cited
(or common causes that underlie more than one issue), identifying
those which are of key importance.
II. Means to Environmental Protection
This section examines means the United States may employ to
address the key environmental issues identified by region and is
divided into four broad areas:
(A) Financial Resources; (B)
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4
Multi'la·teral Commitments; (C) Capacity Building; and (D) Trade
and Development. The strategy devised for each region should
consider a
four areas, though the importance placed on each
will undoubtedly vary.
A.
Existing Financial Resources
To assess the utility of environmental initiatives, we
must review the context in which they would function.
To this end, briefly review the environmental efforts
within Latin America and the Caribbean being undertaken
by the UN and the OAS, by multilateral development
banks and the more important NGOs, and bilaterally by
the United States (including the Enterprise for the
Americas Initiative).
B.
Multilateral and Bilateral Commitments
1.
Review the role of and relationships between the
main international environmental agreements or
initiatives (including the western Hemisphere
Convention, the Earth Summit Agreements, the
Ramsar Treaty on International Wetlands, the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species (CITES), World Heritage Sites, Forests for
the Future, the Cartagena Convention, the Basel
Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal, the Coral Reef
Initiative, and existing bilateral science and.
technology agreements). Are there important gaps
(in issues, implementation or monitoring) in the
current framework of environmental agreements?
Are ,there important United States objectives that
could be met through revitalizing or modifying'any
of these agreements? If the United States should
seek to revitalize any of these agreements, what
strategy should we follow in the OAS or elsewhere?
2.
Montreal Protocol
There are five Latin American nations (Belize,
Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Suriname)
not yet parties to the Montreal Protocol. What
strategy should be pursued to ensure signature and
fication by these nations?
3.
Summit of the Americas
Given the regional strategies developed in this
review, identify issues that would be suitable
initiatives for the upcoming Summit of the
Americas.
C.
Capacity Building
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�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
5
The capacity for environmental protection varies
sharply from country to country within Latin America
and the Caribbean. Some nations have an extensive
constitutional or
gislative framework but lack
effective enforcement. Others have created
environmental authorities and are beginning to develop
a comprehensive body of environmental legislation.
Still others have environmental authority residing only
in Ministries of Health, Forestry or Agriculture.
Even
those nations where enforcement of environmental
legislation is rapidly improving, such as Mexico, may
be deficient in areas ranging from technical expeitise
to strong non-governmental organizations. The ability
of the United States to enhance environmental
protection in Latin America and the Caribbean depends
in part on improving environmental capacity.
1.
Drawing on the discussion in (II)(B)(l) above,
what mechanisms for capacity building exist
through current bilateral and multilateral
agreements? To what extent are we making use of
these mechanisms? Are there major gaps in
existing programs and agreements?
2.
What strategy should the United States pursue to
enhance scientific, technical and bureaucratic
capacity for environmental research and
protection? Consider environmental legislation
and regulation, education and training, .
cooperative research, information and technology
exchange and other possible strategies.
How best
can we leverage available resources through
partnerships with the private sector,
international lending institutions and other
international organizations?
3.
The effectiveness of environmental assistance to
Latin America will be greatest where governments
are efficient and honest.
How important are
bureaucratic inefficiency or corruption as
impediments to international assistance? How can
we ensure that assistance wi
be used most
fectively?
4.
Progress in environmental protection, especially
in (but not limited to) the protection of lands
reserved for indigenous people, is related to
fundamental human rights issues. Are issues o·f
democracy and human rights impediments to
environmental protection? Where? Are there ways
to make progress in both areas in such cases?
5.
How crucial are national energy policies for
addressing key environmental problems? Should the
United States attempt to influence the development
of such policies?
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6
6.
7.
D.
Would the development of Latin American and
Caribbean NGOs or the expansion of U.S.-based NGOs
into the region help solve problems? How should
we encourage their growth, and strengthen those
already in existence?
Passage of NAFTA created the Border Environmental
Cooperation Commission (BECC) to improve
environmental conditions for citizens of both the
U.S. and Mexico. With its concepts of private
sector involvement, public input-and bottom-up
project development, should the BECC be a model
for application elsewhere in the Americas?
Trade and Development
Other reviews have addressed critical issues such as
"greening~ the GATT and the multilateral development
banks and the general question of using free trade
negotiations to require environmental standards. This
review is limited to only selected issues.
1.
Assess progress to date using debt forgiveness
(with particular attention to the Enterprise for
the Americas Initiative experience) as a means to
environmental protection. Could locally-created
funds be used to better support overall U.S.
goals?
2.
In some cases, transnational corporations could
provide a more progressive environmental force
than national or state-controlled industries.
Should t~e U.S. government work with
trans nationals to establish common ground rules
for operations in Latin America? Should the U.S.
work with Latin American and Caribbean nations to
develop standards for application to all
corporations, domestic or transnational, operating
in the region? In which areas of the economy
would such ground rules be most useful? Address
the risks entailed in such a strategy.
3.
Nations most likely to be candidates for an FTA
include Chile, Colombia and Venezuela, as well as
Argentina, Costa Rica and Jamaica.
What are the
most important environmental problems in which
progress must be made prior to ratifying an FTA?
What role should the United States play in
ameliorating these problems? Should FTAs be
conditioned upon a country's accession to the
NAFTA - created Commission
Environmental'
Cooperation (CEC) or to other bilateral or
multilateral environmental coordinating
mechanisms? Should the U.S. pursue with trade
subgroups such as MERCOSUR environmental
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
7
provisions in anticipation of future accession to
the NAFTA?
4.
Should the United States work with other
governments to harmonize environmental standards
to be applied throughout the Western Hemisphere?
What are the important advantages and
disadvantages or pitfalls (including to trade and
to the environment) with such a plan? Are there
advantages to the United States in attempting to
form a Western Hemisphere bloc of nations in
certain international fora?
III. Tasking
This review shall be prepared through an interagency working
group, coordinated by the State Department, chaired by the Bureau
of Inter-American Affairs (State/ARA) and vice-chaired by the
Office of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific
Af irs (State/OES).
The review of current environmental policy described in section
II(A) shall be based on a document drafted by State/ARA. The
State Department will also provide a hemispheric synthesis of the
regional responses to II(C)(3) for the Summit of the Americas.
The NSC and NEC staffs shall be responsible for ensuring that
this review is coordinated with other related interagency policy
reviews now underway.
Consultations with outside institutions, NGOs and industry shall
be conducted as appropriate.
This review shall be completed by June 17, 1994.
Anthony Lake
Ass tant to the President
for National Security Affairs
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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National Security Council Records Management Office
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Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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PRD-43 - US Environmental Policy in Latin America and Caribbean, 3/23/1995
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3/23/1995
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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2010-1225-F-prd-43-us-environmental-policy-in-latin-america-and-caribbean-march-23-1994
7585719
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
-
https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/files/original/2436317df2883831f087f4e614dcac9e.pdf
2be6984c9f94181b9aa2420449d829b3
PDF Text
Text
Case Number: 2010-122S-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not.a textual record. This is used as an .
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
,
'
Original OAIID Number:
4126
,
Document ID:
. [PRD~50 Emergency Humanitarian Relief, January 10, 1995] .
..
(
Stack:
[Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
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~4
1, .
1
2
.,
�21331
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 10, 1995
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DI
50
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE'OFMANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
REPRESE~TATivE O~ THE UNITED STATES TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
CHAIRMAN,OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
DIRECTOR OF THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
AGENCY
COMMANDANT OF THE COAST GUARD
DIRECTOR OF THE PEACE CORPS
Subject:
Emergency Humanitarian Relief
Enormous, sudden-onset refugee migrations, devastating wars of
ethnic hatred, and complex humanitarian problems (e.g., drought
in the Horn of Africa) are severely testing the ability
the
international community to maintain stability, save 1
,and
reduce suffering.
The flight of Iraq's Kurds to Turkey, movement of Rwanda's Hutus
to Zaire, and
horror inflicted on civilians by war in Bosnia
and Somalia are stretching existing capabilities to respond both
unilaterally and multilaterally.
The emergency
f system relies
international organizations, NGOs,
agencies. The
llback capability
military, particularly that of the
on ad hoc responses by
and civilian government
has been the use of the
United States.
Shortcomings of the current international system include
its slowness to respond,' weak coordination and poor internal
communications among
f operations, limited large scale
�2
logistics capabilities, inequitable burden of financing, and
reliance, in extremis, upon the U.S. military.
In addition,
too little attent
is paid to:
forts to avert, early warning
of, and quick response requirements to, sudden and massive
humanitarian emergencies.
These deficienc
require an interagency review of U.S. and
international capab ities and the mechanisms for pre-empting the
need for emergency relief, as well as initiating and delivering
international emergency relief, with a view toward creating a
more responsive, effective and equitable system.
The Study
This PRD will examine the problem on a priority basis, identify
issues and options and make recommendations to the Deputies
Committee in thirty days.
The study will build on and coordinate
with the efforts of present interagency working groups (IWGs)
dealing with PRD 46 (Refugees and Migration) and implementation
of PDD 25 ("humanitarian annex" to the Peacekeeping PDD).
The study should specifically address issues identified below,
with the lead responding agency indicated in parenthesis:
• The Problems: What are the estimates of large-scale
humanitarian disasters likely to occur over the next several
years? What are their general causes? Where are they likely
to occur? What has been the pattern of the last decade? Is
likely to continue?
(CIA)
• The Current International Response System and International
Organizations:
How are existing international crisis
responge mechanisms (private and governmental, domestic and
international) structured? What are their predictive and
pre-emptive 'capabil
? How do they generate resources and
how can that ability be improved? What are their strengths
and weaknesses and what changes should be considered? What
proposals exist for improving the international crisis
response capacity, and what are their strengths and
weaknesses (specific analysis of the "white helmets"
in iative, UN Humanitarian Assistance Team (UNHAT) proposal,
and the work of the Carnegie Endowment should be included)?
How can the international community better intervene before
situations become conflicts/crises? what changes should we
seek in UN organizations and, in particular, the DHA? How
can we ensure improved coordination between the military,
political and humanitarian components of international
humanitarian interventions? What are the views and ideas of
other governments, international organizations, NGOs and other
�3
commentators? What role can private c
lian contractors pl
in addressing international humanitarian crises?
(state)
• U.s. Organization: How does the U.s. system (private, NGOs
and governmental) work? What are the shortcomings of USG
organization for
e
sues in general and in the
peacekeeping context in particular? What
the state of
early warning efforts
the USG and how can coordination be
improved? How
USG knowledge currently shared and improved
to increase the preparedness of other countries to antic
and respond to disasters? In this
, what role might
FEMA, the Peace Corps, the intelligence community and other
agencies play? Evaluate proposals
modification in USG
organization.
(AID)
•
fect on the U.s. Military: What sorts of capabilities are
the U.s. military called on to provide in these disasters?
What is the current and potential future cost of U.s. military
support and what
fect does that have on U.s. military
readiness? How could the U.s. military reorganize to
accomplish the mission of humanitarian assistance? Could some
of those capabil
be replicated
civilian organiz.ations
and, if so, how? (DOD)
• Budgetary Considerations: How can the U.s. improve its
ability to budget for such international humanitarian crises?
What options exist for new budgetary mechanisms within the DOD
and State budgets, outside these budgets? How can the u.s.
Jensure adequate resources for the mil
costs associated
with u.s. support in crisis situations without significantly
degrading readiness? (OMB)
• Options for Improvement: The PRD should propose and examine
means of enhancing both USG and international response
capability. The PRD should address whether there are packages
of USG and international improvements that make sense as
options. The options presented should be evaluated against
a uniform list of criteria, including financial cost. (NSC)
Organization
Each of the six topics '(above) will be reviewed by an interagency
sub-group chaired by the agency designated. The sub-groups will
to a steering group. The steering group, chaired by the
Administrator, AID, should complete the
process by
February 24th. The steering group chair and NSC staff will then
prepare options for review by the Deput
and Principals
Committees.
~~~
Assistant to ,the President
National Security
fairs
�
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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<p>Presidential Decision Directives communicate Presidential decisions concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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PRD-13 - Multilateral Peacekeeping operation, 2/15/1993
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<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
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Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive
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C06031019
20001
THE WHITE HOUSE
pproved for Release CIA Historical Collections T
Division AR 70-14 1OCT2013
WASHINGTON
t
January 22, 1993
/
PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE/NSC-1
MEMORANDUM FOR THE
THE
THE
THE
SUBJECT:
SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRETARY OF
DIRECTOR OF
TRAL I
CHAIRMAN, J
T
FS
U.S. Policy Ra
Yugoslavia
ng the
LLIGENCE
&STAFF
it
tion in
the Former
We are scheduling a Principal
Coh4(e
eting for Wednesday,
January 27, in preparation for
ossibi NSC meeting, to
consider specific steps we might
e wi
regard to the formerYugoslavia. The Princi
is committ
eet
will decide on the
process for providin
ated in
a en
le
Directive before
SC meetin
potse to this
The objective i
to
velop P
d a ategic goals and strategies
that will quid ou policies to
d
e former Yugoslavia. The
Administration ee s to decide wh
i wants to achieve and what
price it is pr pa d to pay to get
will consider
i tial range of
--
Conce
rat
relief uppl
--
Stopping
t.
ti
To that end the meeting
s, tsuch as:
on ensuri
d ivery of humanitarian
in Bo
arcegovina;
her Serbianggression;
ng back Serbian conquests to
date;
king punitive action against
Serbia for the effect it
--
-
Attempt
Building
g t
s
strengthen the Vance/Owen negotiating.
ategy around reaffirmation
of the Bush
Adminis ati n's Christmas demarche,
including a more
a
st ement to the Serbs
the instr ents we are prepared of what it means and of
to use to enforce it. -+5-
Declassify on:
0
�C06031019
2I
In preparation for the Principals Committee
meeting
and a
possible NSC meeting, please provide
by Tuesday, i$uary 26, the
best current information on the questions
listed n
art I,
below, and an assessment of what would
be requi
t
implement
the possible .actions listed in Part II,
includin
an Thitial
analysis of the advantages and disadvantages
No
presumptions should be made about limitations of do'ng sc.
on pX4'icy4
Possible conflicts among different policy
options shuld of
course be part of the analysis.
-)
Some questions are tasked to more than
o.
gpartment or Ag
We appreciate that the short deadline
may mat'
ed
product impossible. If agencies do choose
to coordinate thSir
responses, any differences of opinion should
be clearly stated
rather than compromised for the sake of
an agreed product,
-g$
BACKGROUND
During the campaign, President Tli ion
c
ed
on Yugoslavia but without spe
y'
parti ul
enforcing the no-fly zone ova B nia-Her go
Bush Administration already as
n at
ng
or stronger action
steps beyond
na, to which the
erican support. -(-S-
In a Christmas day demarche to
erbia
re dent Milosevic, the
Bush Administration warned that
tain ci cumstances could
provoke a forceful response from th
nite
tates. We will
circulate a separate pa
r Princi
s' u
on this issue. 4S.
In his confirmation
that the Clinton
action with our
Bosnia...Europe
real pressures,
leadership to h
PART I:
1.
earings, Se
in
ary o
vigoro
at
Christopher said
pursue concerted-
rop n allie?
o en the slaughter in
nd
e world co
nit
in general must bring
co
mic and milit
s savage polic
t
ASSESS
T
meet them?
bear on the Serbian
thnic cleansing." i
,
of
THE SITUATIO
What are the
esen
Bosnia-Hercego
a an
2-
"wi
(CIA,
d li
D)
y
sup
-(-6-
anitarian needs in
ies would be necessary to
e refugee situation, inside Bosnia-Hercegovina
and
and what additional resources are needed
to deal
elseW
,
a
ywith
it?
(CIA,
STATE)
--
ow many detai e are in camps, and under
whose control?
How is this e
'ma
computed?
(CIA) f-)
at are the st us and prospects of the
Vance/Owen
otiations i Ge va?
(STATE) -(-)
n
hat
rti
perceive as their prospects in and
ivations for
e negotiations?
(CIA, STATE) -(--)
5.
SCRrrTr
What is
course if
Cric TTTr'.
tatus of the fighting in Bosnia and its likely
present Wes
poricies-e
L
n unchanged?
(CIA) 4-S)
} ;:
�C060'31019
6.
7.
What are the prospects for the war's spillin/ver
into
Kosovo, Vojvodina, or Macedonia?
(STATE, C
How might Macedonia's application for UN me
(STATE, CIA)
f-S-
the situation?
rs'p
affect
8.
How dependent are the Bosnian Serbs on support 1ro
and how does Belgrade influence even
'
STATE) 4-.4-
elgrade
A
9.
To what degree is the arms embargo btin
whom?
To what military and political effect?
d b
ATE)
(CIA,
10.
What are the prospects for the war's resumption in
Croati
(CIA, STATE) -S-)-
11.
What are the views of this 4 nflic in 4 scow and
how might
it exacerbate Yeltsin's p 4'it4l 1 p
le
?
(STATE, CIA) -4-1-)
12.
What is the role of Isl
ic
ountrie
in he conflict and
what is the likely imp
t o it on
em nd their relations
with the U.S. and othe
este
st es9
(STATE, CIA) -(-6-)
13.
To what degree in Kiev or e
where
11 American and/or UN
actions play a role in the cre
ilit
f security
assurances?
(CIA,
()
II.
POSSIBLE -ACTIO
1.
What are th op
ns for
.ion, hort.of military action,
in the for r Y goslavia its f ( g., tightening
sanctions,
including
li ry assistance o c t overland or Danube
routes; st pi
up efforts to st lish a war crimes
tribunal a
t
identify and b
ng riminals to justice;
support to
e
osition in S bi , complete diplomatic and
economic is
tio of Serbia)'
W
t would be the costs and
benefits of e h?
TE,
)
2.
What economic as
ance woul
ront-line states (Hungary,
Al
.Bulgaria,
'Macedonia require to keep
mentation of sanctions from undermining their
effo
p
t political and economic reform?
What are the
effects of filling these needs or leaving them
ten ::d'
(CIA
TATE) -(-f--)
What actions
ld
f force, to e ur
th delivery o h
e required, up to and including the use
that neither Serbs nor others interfere
anitarian relief supplies?
(CIA, STATE,
4.
s th
.
ter tive to the present relief effort, e.g.
opening a ra
line or air drops?
(CIA, DOD) -(-S-)
5.
What t
nd scale of military equipment, e.g. anti-tank
weapons or communications gear, would-est enable
Bosnia to
,S.BT-,-N
W IV
.)
�o 060-31019
prevent further conquests?
To establish better defensive
perimeters around territory the government st
1 controls?
To retake territory conquered by Serbia?
W4{t
it be
possible to selectively lift the arms emba o s
the GOB
could defend what it now holds but not launt sf
ificant
counterattacks, and if so how? What trainin woud
Bosnia
-need to use any additional arms effectively?
ho ight be
willing to provide equipment, money, or traini4?
CIA) tgS )
.
STATE,
6.
What would be required militarily
litically to h
further Serbian aggression in Bosniadefending Sarajevo and other territory still held 'lud
by %,he
government?
(STATE, CIA, DOD) .(_S.).
7.
What w'otld be required to esta fMfDd
(CIA, DOD) -(-)
8.
What would be require to
Bosnia-Hercegovina?
(CI;
9.
What would be required. mil
rilyjd
enforce implementation
the
Pnc
l
(STATE, CIA, DOD) -t-)-
10.
If the Bosnian government and
parties accept the
itutiona
-
1
ack
D _
(-g)-
defend safe havens?
bi
conquests in
litically, to
in Croatia?
ot
former-Yugoslav
rinc
es in the
Vance/Owen plan
ost
ercego
, ho
ight the U.S.
influence imp,
enting deta
that w
d
main to be
worked out, 'clu
ific
'mes fo
tions which would
enable us t
ju
whethe
erbs nd others were complying?
11.
If a compl
in princip
beyond its
12.
What would be
ed eace agreement 's
t entirely satisfactory
o implementing.de ai , might the U.S. go
ov ions in enfor ng t or in pursuing goals
that it doe
ot
compass?
TAT , DOD)
S.)
settlement if Se
13.
hat
a
gres
ire
for
or others
the provisions of a
d not comply willingly?
ats of -- or action on =- punitive military steps
Serbia would be necessary simply to deter similar
onelse
re?
(STATE, CIA)
--)
Anthon7Lake
crtr'n
cp*Ip
tnCl4 m
r
mI
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Office of Records Management - Presidential Review Directives
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Is Part Of
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<a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Presidential Review Directives request specific reviews and analyses be undertaken by the departments and agencies concerning national security and U.S. foreign policy.</p>
<p>Presidential directives are signed or authorized by the President on issues of foreign policy and national security. The National Security Council gathers facts and views of appropriate government agencies, conducts analyses, determines alternatives, and presents policy choices to the President for decision. The President's decisions are announced by decision directives.</p>
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
National Security Council Records Management Office
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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PRD-1 - U.S. Policy Regarding the Situation in the Former Yugoslavia
Creator
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National Security Council
National Security Council Records Management Office
Date
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January 22, 1993
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<a href="http://catalog.archives.gov/id/7585719" target="_blank">National Archives Catalog Description</a>
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Clinton Presidential Records: White House Staff and Office Files
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William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum
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Adobe Acrobat Document
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Reproduction-Reference
Bosnia
Declassified
Foreign Policy
Presidential Review Directive